CA2003979A1 - Method of and arrangement for setting anchors in loose rock ranging from cohesion-poor to non-cohesion rock - Google Patents
Method of and arrangement for setting anchors in loose rock ranging from cohesion-poor to non-cohesion rockInfo
- Publication number
- CA2003979A1 CA2003979A1 CA002003979A CA2003979A CA2003979A1 CA 2003979 A1 CA2003979 A1 CA 2003979A1 CA 002003979 A CA002003979 A CA 002003979A CA 2003979 A CA2003979 A CA 2003979A CA 2003979 A1 CA2003979 A1 CA 2003979A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- arrangement
- drilling
- drilling rod
- side webs
- liquid medium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 150
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims 12
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011083 cement mortar Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000027455 binding Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
- E02D5/76—Anchorings for bulkheads or sections thereof in as much as specially adapted therefor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
- E21D21/0053—Anchoring-bolts in the form of lost drilling rods
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
- Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
- Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)
- Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
During setting of anchors in loose rocks ranging from cohesion-poor to non-cohesion rocks, an anchor including a drilling rod and a drilling crown is used, in which the drilling rod is provided with a central axial opening and with radial opening in the region close to the drilling crown so supply a mortar suspension or the like through the central axial opening during the drilling process.
During setting of anchors in loose rocks ranging from cohesion-poor to non-cohesion rocks, an anchor including a drilling rod and a drilling crown is used, in which the drilling rod is provided with a central axial opening and with radial opening in the region close to the drilling crown so supply a mortar suspension or the like through the central axial opening during the drilling process.
Description
~ACKGROUND OF THE I~ENTION
.
Setting oE anchors in rocks ranging ~rom friable or cohesion poor rocks to non-cohesion rocks for stabilizing of walls requires special steps for obtaining a stable position of the anchor. During the formation of a bore hole in such rocks, the problems arise in that the walls must be stabilized for preventing their collapse after withdrawal of a drilling rod. It is known to drill in khese cases with casings and to compress the ~ore holes with cement mortar with simultaneous withdrawal of the tube. In this method the injected cement mortar also penetrates into the immediate surrounding area of the bore hole. The hardened bore hole filling is then again drilled and an anchor is inserted in the thusly produced opening and fixed with cement mortar.
With this procedure it is possible to set the anchors in the above mentioned types of rock; however, this can be done with a relatively hi~h time consumption and costs.
Rock anchors are also known which are simultaneousl~
used as drilling rods and therefore include a tubular base body provided with a drilling crown at its front end. The above mentioned base body is profiled for producing a binding action with a mor~ar casing and has a plurality of openings in i~cs peripheral region. During the drilling the rinsing medLum, for example water, is supplied through the drilling crown and the above mentioned openings. Then after the end .
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Setting oE anchors in rocks ranging ~rom friable or cohesion poor rocks to non-cohesion rocks for stabilizing of walls requires special steps for obtaining a stable position of the anchor. During the formation of a bore hole in such rocks, the problems arise in that the walls must be stabilized for preventing their collapse after withdrawal of a drilling rod. It is known to drill in khese cases with casings and to compress the ~ore holes with cement mortar with simultaneous withdrawal of the tube. In this method the injected cement mortar also penetrates into the immediate surrounding area of the bore hole. The hardened bore hole filling is then again drilled and an anchor is inserted in the thusly produced opening and fixed with cement mortar.
With this procedure it is possible to set the anchors in the above mentioned types of rock; however, this can be done with a relatively hi~h time consumption and costs.
Rock anchors are also known which are simultaneousl~
used as drilling rods and therefore include a tubular base body provided with a drilling crown at its front end. The above mentioned base body is profiled for producing a binding action with a mor~ar casing and has a plurality of openings in i~cs peripheral region. During the drilling the rinsing medLum, for example water, is supplied through the drilling crown and the above mentioned openings. Then after the end .
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1 o the drillLn~, a mortar suspension is supplied into the produced bore hole. Under the above mentioned conditions, the sufflcient penetration of the cement mortar in the rock surrounding the bore hole i5 not achieved in many cases, and thereby an insufficient adhesion of the anchor is produced.
A similar problem arises in many cases during production of pile foundations composed of individual piles provided with anchors. When for example an alternatin~
seguence o~ cohesion-poor or non-cohesion layers on the one hand, and relatively solid layers on the other hand occurs along a path corresponding to the length of the pile, special steps must be taken to insure that the pile over its entire ~- length has an average cross-section sufficient for the static carryïng capacity of the respective pile foundation.
; 15 In this case it is impossible to produce an opening which subsequently is filled with concrete, since the cross-section of the opening in the region o~ the soil layer is always provided with narrowings and the availability of the average cross-section over the whole length of the pile cannot ~ 20 be guaranteed in addition to the above mentioned narrowings.
; In the latter mentioned case there is of course the possibility of an encased drilling, to insure the requlred uniform cross-section, especially maintaining an average cross-section.
2~5 The above mentioned ~nown processes are either :, .
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:: .
..
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1 o the drillLn~, a mortar suspension is supplied into the produced bore hole. Under the above mentioned conditions, the sufflcient penetration of the cement mortar in the rock surrounding the bore hole i5 not achieved in many cases, and thereby an insufficient adhesion of the anchor is produced.
A similar problem arises in many cases during production of pile foundations composed of individual piles provided with anchors. When for example an alternatin~
seguence o~ cohesion-poor or non-cohesion layers on the one hand, and relatively solid layers on the other hand occurs along a path corresponding to the length of the pile, special steps must be taken to insure that the pile over its entire ~- length has an average cross-section sufficient for the static carryïng capacity of the respective pile foundation.
; 15 In this case it is impossible to produce an opening which subsequently is filled with concrete, since the cross-section of the opening in the region o~ the soil layer is always provided with narrowings and the availability of the average cross-section over the whole length of the pile cannot ~ 20 be guaranteed in addition to the above mentioned narrowings.
; In the latter mentioned case there is of course the possibility of an encased drilling, to insure the requlred uniform cross-section, especially maintaining an average cross-section.
2~5 The above mentioned ~nown processes are either :, .
~ ~:
1 very labor and cost intensive and require thereore an expensive machinery, or can be used only to a lirnited extent with respect to the coherence of the respective rocks.
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SUMMARY_ OF THl~ INVL'NTION
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method of and an arrangement for setting anchors in rocks of the above mentioned general type which avoid the dlsadvantages of the prior art.
More particularly, it is an object oE the present invention to provide a method of and an arrange~ent for setting anchors which insure a reliable and stable positioning of anchors with substantially standardized available tools or structural elements in the above mentioned complicated conditions pertaining to partially cohesion-poor or non-cohesion rocks.
- In keeping with these objects and with others which will become apparent hereinafter, one feature of the present invention resides, briefly stated, in a methad in accordance with which during the drilling a mortar suspension or the . ,~ . .
. like is supplied through the central opening of the drilling rod provided with radial openings in the region close to the drilling crown.
In accordance with the invention, a known injection drilling ancho.r can be used which, however, is provided.at its front region close to the drilliny crown with outlet openings through which as well as through the central rinsing opening a mortar:suspension or a similar medium can be supplied during the drilling. Directly during the drilling _5_ :: - :
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1 process and in particular synchronously with advancement of the drilling, the rock surrounding the bore hole is compressed with a mortar suspension so that respective steps for stabilization of a bore hole wall are dispensed with.
Since durins thls procedure smaller particles released during drilling are washed away by the mortar suspension, a high volume mixture including coarser released particles and mortar suspension is formed in the surrounding area of the drilling rod. In this manner a relatively deep penetration of the rock surrounding the bore hole and thereby a reliable securing or fixing of the anchor is obtained. A further advantage is achieved in the gap-free and therefore reliable encasing of the rock anchor with a mortar suspension. There-by a reliable corrosion protection is obtained in the alkaline atmosphere produced in the immediate surrounding area of the anchor.
A further advantage o~ the method, both for setting of rock anchors and forming ground piles for foundations is a one-stage process, since in the same working process a quasi drilling and pre-cementing is performed. Therefore a preliminary making a hole is dispensed with.
In accordance with a further feature of the present invention, the process is performed so that relatively fine portions of the loos~ned material are washed away and relatively coarse portionsof the loosened material are rinsed ~ , .. .
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1 with the mortar suspension and bound with the latter during hardening. mhe outer cliame-ter of the casing produced from the mortar and surrounding the anchor is cont.rolled at a : predetermined supply pressure of the mortar suspension by varying of the speed of drilling. Since the above mentioned washing out effect at a predetermined supply pressure of the mortar suspension is laterally expanded due to the low mechanical stability o~ the rock surrounding the opening, the radial dimensions of the mortar encasing of the anchor can be easily controlled by the drilling speed and thereby the drilling advancement. This opens simple possibilities for adjusting to different types of rock.
A further feature of the present invention is the arrangement for anchoring which includes the above mentioned anchor with a drilling rod and a drilling crown, wherein the drilling rod has a central axial opening and radial openings : ~or simultaneously supplying the mortar suspension through the central opening during drilling. At the end of the drilling rod facing away o~ the drilling crown, the drilling rod is provided Wit}l an adaptor whlch is used for ro~ary drive and for supply of the mortar suspension.
In accordance with a further feature of the present invention, the adaptor has a bush.for receiving an end of the drilling rod and transporting a torque, and a stationary : 25 housing for sup_lying a mortar suspension. The bush can have ' .
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1 openings in the region cf the housing and abutment means ~or the drilling rod inside. The housin~ can form a ring chamber surroundlng the bush and fixed between immovable and detachable abutment members. ~ith this feature the adaptor has an especially simple and advantageous design.
It is composed o~ a few baslc elements which are easily accessible for maintenance and inspection.
The drilling crown can have a tubular projection, , a freely rotatable tearing tool, and a support for the tearing tool which can include side webs. Such a drilling crown is advantageous for erecting off ground piles in soils with an alternating sequence of cohesion-poor and solid layers.
Since the side webs which laterally extend from the projection form a support for the freely rotatable tearing tool, there is a possibility to select the radial dimensions of this arrangement so that an opening formed in the ground has an average cross-section over its entire length, in which the tearing tool is ef~ective and in which in each case a penetration of released material and mortar suspension is insured. For static computations a definite concrete cross-section can be taken into consideration whose radlal dimensions are practically determined by the respective radial dimensions of the side webs in connection with the :"
tearing tools mounted on them. Thereby in these relatively ^~ 25 difficult cases, a single working step can be used both for .
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1 producing the opening and for compressing the mortar to for~
a reinforce-l ground pile over a de inite depth and, corre-sponding to the radial dimenslons of the drillin~ crWn,having . definite radial dimensions, said dimensions - as seen over the whole lengthof the pile - do not fall below the di~ensio~s o~ an average cross-section corresponding roughly to the radial dimensions of the drilling crown.
In accordance with a further feature of the present invention, side webs can be arranged in a plane extending throu~h the axis of the projection. The side webs can be straight and have a square or a rectangular cross-section~
: ~hey can be hellcally wound in the rotary direction of the drilling rod, for example about their longitudinal axes. They can extend from the drilling crown rearwardly at an angle relative to the a~is of the projection in an arrow-like shape.
When the side webs are formed in accordance with these features, they are also suitable as a transporting element for displacing the forwardly released material to the - rear side of the drilling crown. When the side w~ebs are helically wound in ~he rotary direction of the drilling drive of the drilling rod and in some cases surround their longitudinal axes, the movement of the side webs in the mixture composed of the mortar suspension and the released material leads to a ~ransporting action in direction toward the rear end of the drilling crown. The arrow-shaped extension of the side webs from the front side of the drilling crown facili~ates the penetration during the rotary drilling.
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1 It should be emphasized that ~oth a rotary and impact drilling can be performed as well.
In accordance with a further feature of the pr~sent invention, the drillins crown has a plurality of outlet openings for the mortar suspension supplied through the drilling rod. The exact location of these outlet openings is arbitrary. They serve particularly for escaping of the mortar in such a region in which during the rotary drilling the tearing tool rotata~le opposite to the drilllng drive is efficient. The tearing tool performs the ~unctions of the mi~.ing elements for making a mixture of released coarse-grain material with mortar suspension. Under the action of the rotatable tearin~ tool, a substantially homogenous mixture of mortar suspension and released material is produced in the region of the drilling crown. It is displaced by the displacing action of the side webs in connection with the tearing tool towards the rear side of the drilling crown.
The tearing tools can be arranged so that their axes are perpendicular to the side webs, and they can be provided with uniformly distributed cutting~members. The cutting members or edges can be composed of a hard metal and dimensioned so that their ef~ective region is con~ined inside the mixture to be mixed.
The tearing tools can be arranged so that they cover at most 50% of the suxface of the bore hole produced ~ , , . ., . . . :
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1 during drilling. There~ore, despite the rota~able drilllng crotrn a sufficient ~low cross-section is available in a region of flow of t~e released material toward the rear side o the drilling crown.
~he lateral extension of the side webs can have a radius corresponding to such a radius which permit a penetration of the mortar suspension during setting a rock anchor or erecting a ground plle. The projection can be provided with an outer thread for screwing with a drilling rod, and the outer thread can be formed preferably as a round thread or other threads.
The novel features which are considered as characteristic for the inventlon are set forth in particular in the appended claims. The invention itself, however, both as to its construction and its method o operation, together with additional objects and advantages thereof, will be best understood from the following description of specific ~; embodiments when read in connection with the accompanying drawings.
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B~ ~ .PTION OF TH DRA~IINGS
FIG. 1 is a side view of an arrangement for setting anchors in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a view as seen in direction of the arrow II in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of an adaptor of the inventive arrangement in acc:ordance with the present inve~tion;
FIG. 4 is a side view of a dxilllng crown of the arrangement in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a v.iew showlng a detail of the drilling crown as seen in direction of the arrow V in FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a view showing an end side of the , drilling crown in the bore hole, in direction VI in ~ 15 FIG. 4.
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,~;. ' ' ,., ' ' ' DESCRIPTIOM OF THE PREFERR~D ~MBODIM~MTS
A drilling rod in accordance with the present invention is identified as a whole with reference numeral 1.
It is used simultaneously as an anchor,andmore particularly both as a rock anchor for stabilization of the walls of the hollow spaces and also ~or piles serving for ground solidification. The drilling rod 1 is formed as a hollow cylindrical main body which is provided over its entire length with a thread-shaped formation in the shape of a round thread. Advantageously it is produced by a cold deformation, for example in cylinders or rollers.
- The drilling rod 1 carries at its end a drilling crown 2 which is provided in a known manner with a central rinsing opening 3 extending coaxially to the drilling rod 1 or its central axial opening 4.
The drilling crown is formed as a plate-shaped, for example square main body, extending transversely to the axis of the drilling rod 1 and provided at its peripheral ; sides with cylindrical depressions 5. The depresslons 5 have such sizes that their deepest points are in contact wlth an outer circle describing the outer thread. At its~end facing .; . .
toward the sole of the bore hole, the drilling crown carries ~-prism-shaped projections 6 which have a star-shaped arrangement and serve as cutting edges. ~he pro~ections 6 e~tend in direction toward the corners of the square main `'~
~ -13~
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' ' , , ' , 1 body. The projections 6 are formed around the lateral li~iting edges of the above mentioned main body and end at a small distance from the points at which the drilling rod 1 is arranged. In this construction the projections 6 or the cut~ing edges are effective not only at the end side but also in the peripheral region. At the side of the bore hole sole the projection6 ends in the central region of the main body in inclined surfaces 7 which are inclined in direction toward a mouth of the rinsing opening 3. In its axial direction, or in other words in direction of the arrow 8, the drllling crown 2 has as short size as possible. The connection between the drilling crown 2 and the drilling rod 1 is preferably ~ormed releasable.
Since the drilling crown 2 is formed as short as possible in the direction of the arrow 8, the rock material released durins the operation of the drilling rod in the end side region of the drilling head can be transported over a shortest path and also with minimum possible flow resistance to the side region of the drilling crown which faces away of the bore hole sole. Since the drilling crown 2 is releasbly mounted on the drilling rod 1, an exchange of the drilling - crown for adjusting the drilling rod to different crown or rock properties or drill hole diameters is possible.
The drilling rod in its region adjacent to the drilling crown 2, or in other words extending from the .... ..
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1 drill.ing crown over a length o~ for example 0.5 m, is provided wlth openlngs 9. The central opening 4 of the drilling rod 1 communica~es ~ith the outside through these openings.
One or several e~tension portions are connected with the drilling rod 1 by not shown coupling parts. They correspond to the drilling rod 1 in their sizes and their other characteristlcs, however, are not provided with the openings 9.
The drilling rod 1 itself or the drilling rod extended in the above described manner is provided w.ith an adaptor part 10 at its end facing away from the drilling crown 2. The adaptor part 10 is schematically shown in Fig. 3. It has a connecting portion 11 connected to a not shown conduit for anchoring mor.tar or a mortar suspension.
A not shown couplin~ part for connecting a conventional drilling drive for drilling and/or impacting operation is provided at the point 12.
The adaptor part 10 as shown in FIG. 3 has a bush 13 with an inner thread corresponding to the outer thread of the drilling rod 1. The bush 13, as shown in the point 14, is inwardly closed and is again provided with an inner thread at 12. This inner thread forms a coupling member for a not shown drilling drive. ~n ab~me~ body 15 .is fixedly mounted on the outer surface of the bush 13, and its function will be explained hereinbelow. The bush 13 is surrounded by a :
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1 stat.ionary housing 16 which carries a connecting member 11 and which is provided with an inner annular chamber 17. The chamber 17 communicates ln a not shown manner with the connecting member 11, so that the mortar suspension can be supplied through the connecting part 11 in direction of the arrow 18 into the annular chamber 17. A cylindrical recess 19 is formed in the outer surface of the bush 13 radially directly opposite to the annular chamber 17. The recess 19 is provided with a plurality of radial openings 20.
~n impacting member 21 is screwed in the bush 13.
In the shown embodimer.t it is formed as a relatively short tubular cylinder provided with an outer thread. It is inserted to the location 14 at which the inner chamber of. the bush is closed. The impacting member 14 is provided with a plurality of radial openings 22, which are in alignment with the openings 20. Therefore, the annular chamber 17 and the inner chamber of the abutment member 21 communicate with one another for supplying the mortar suspension. The impacting member 21 insures that during screwing of the end of a drilling rod into the bush 13, the scre~ing-in depth of the drilling rod is limited and the drilling rod does not cover the openings 20. The housing part 16 which surrounds the : bush 13 with a small play is held in its position abutting with a small play against the abutment body 15, by means of a further abutment body 23 which is axially movable relative . ~
1 to the bush 13. The abutment body 23 is arrested on the bush 13 by a plurality of clampiny screws 24. In operation of the adaptor part 10, the housing 16 is immovably held between the abutment bodies 15 and 23 wh.ich are rotatable together with the bush.
The arrangement described in FIGS. 1 - 3 is used for setting rock anchors in friable rocks which range between rocks with low coherence to rocks with no coherence at all.
~ In such situations during drilling instead o~ conventional rinsing means, a mortar suspension or cement .dispersion is used, which is supplied through the connecting member 11 under pressure. During the drillin~ advance the mortar suspension flows both from the rinsing opening 3 of the drilling.crown 2 and from the openings 9 of the drilling rod 1. A relatively fine grain material produced during the drilling process is washed away, while to the contrary the relatively coarse material remains in the bore hole and forms directly a mixture with the mortar suspension so as to harden at a later time, together with the latter. The mortar suspension required ~or producing a bond ~etween the anchor on the one hand and the surrounding rock~on the other hand, is introduced into the bore hole during the drilling process.
Thereby not only the stabilization of the bore hole obtained directly during drilling, but also relati~ely large-space . 25 penetration o~ mortar suspension in the rock surrounding the : ' .. . . .. . _, , ~ ~ , , .
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1 bore hole is achieved. The last mentioned effect is further improved by the washing away o~ relatively fi~e-grain material. In the finally finished bore hole, the anchor ls surrounded by a concrete-like casing which is composed of a mi~ture of ~ortar suspension and relatively coarse rock particles. Due to the large-volume penetration of the mortar suspension into the surrounding rock, a stabilization of the rock and a reliable mounting of the anchor is produced.
FIGS. 4 - 6 show a drilling crown 2 which is designed for a predetermined application. This is the case in which an alternating sequence of layers of friable or non-coherent roc~ and relatively solid supporting layers are arranged in direction of the depth of a bore hole. The characteristic feature of this layer sequence is that in the region of the friable layers a collapse of the walls of the bore hole must be taken into consideration, while this does not occur in the region of the solid layers. For eliminating the disadvantages connected with the expected non-uniform cross-section o~ the bond system including the anchor and the surrounding mortar layer, a drilling head 2 described herein-below is proposed.
The drilling head 2 includes a tubular projection 25 which is provided outside with a relatively coarse thread, preferably a round thread. It has side webs 26 mounted on its front part facing toward the sole of the bore hole. The . , _ _ . ... . .... _ .
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~.: , - ~: ' 1 mounting can ~e perCo~ed in any manner, for example by welding with the outer wall o~ the projection 25.
The above mentioned side webs 26 extend ln the shown em~odiment substantially in a plane which includes the axis 27 of the projection 25. They extend from the projection 25 rearwardly in the shape of an arrow, or in other words, directed from the sole o~ the bore hole. In accordance with FIG. 4, they form an angle c~f approximately 45 with the axis 27 and can have for example a square cross-section 25 well as a rectangular cross-section.
The projection 25 is formed for screwing with the drilling rod 1 in accordance with the embodiment of FIGS. 1 -3. In the mounted condition of the drilling head 2, the axis 27 is coaxial to the central axial opening 4 of the drilling rod 1 in FIG. 1. The opening 28 of the projection 25, which forms the extension of the opening 4, ends in a portion 29 at its end facing toward the sole of the bore hole.
The poxtion 29 has a conical end tip and is provided with a rinsing or outlet opening 30 at its end. The opening 30 ~- 20 is coaxial to the axis 27. The projection 25 is provided with further lateral outlet openings 30' which communicate with the opening 28.
Tearing tools formed a rotational bodies are identified with reference numeral 31. They extend perpendicularly to the side webs 26 and are freely rotatable .
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1 around axes 32 lying in their plane. The tearing rools 31 are arranged on the side we~s 26 at their sides facing toward the sole of the bore hole. The rotary support of the tearing tools 31 on the side webs 26 can be obtained in any desirable manner as long as the strength required for the drilling operation ls ensured.
Each tearing tool 31 includes a rotation-symmetrical ring member 33 with a ~lurality of cut-ting members 34 arranged at its peripheral outer side. The cutting me~bers 34 are preferably unlformly distributed over the periphery of the ring member 33. The cutting members 34 in the shown embodiment have a parallel_~p~ed shape with projecting cutting edges 35 at thelr front sLde, or in other words, at their side facing toward the soie of the bore hole. It is to be understood that the remaining edges of the cutting body 34 also operateas cutting edses~ The above described both tearing tools 31 are formed as identical elements with respect to one another.
The system composed of the side webs 26 and the tearing tools 31 has such dimensions th~at, as considered in an axial projection of FIG. 6,it occupies at most 50% of the surface with the radius 36, within which the tearing tools 31 provide a drilling or loosening action. ~s a result, durlng the drilling advance a sufficient cross-section in the region of the rotatable drilling head is ' .
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1 available for transporting the torn, com~inuted or loosened material to the rear slde o the drilling head 2, or in other words to the side opposite to the sole of the bore hole.
~ cutting member 37 extends on each tearing tool 31 over its ring member 32 atitsside facing toward thé sole o~
the bore hole. The cutting member 37 has an angular prismatic shape. It further contributes to the cutting, tearing and loosening action during the driliing advancement.
The utilization of the drilling head 2 of FIGS~ 4 -6 is substantially similar to the utilization of the above described drilling head. During producing of a bore hole, preferably with operation of an exclusively rotatable drilling head, a mortar suspension is directly supplied into the drilling rod, flows through the axial opening 4 into the opening 28 of the drilling head, and finally e~its through the outlet openings 30, 30'. Due to the drilllng process, - the friable rock is loosened, fine or finest components are washed away, while the coarse components are mixed with the discharging mortar suspension to finally harden with the latter. The tearing tools which rotatè during the rotary drilling opposite to the rotary direction of the drilling rod act for tearing the roc~ during-the drilling advance, and also partially comminute the loosened coarse particles, especially a mixture of the loosened particles with the mortar ' . .
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.~ . . . . , ;
1 suspension discharged through the openings 30, 30' The teaxing tools there~y simultaneously perEorm the function of mi~ing organs, so that during the drilling advancement a mixture of mortar suspension and coarse rock particles is formed behind the drilling crown 2, and the zone of the rock loosened by the drilling process or the bore hole remains constantly filled and no hol]ow spaces are formed. In the final condition, the anchor formed by the system of the drilling rod and drilling crown is bound on its whole length in the mortar impregnated with rock particles. In corre-spondence with the consistency of the surrounding rock as well as the introducing pressure of the mortar suspension, more or less deep penetration of the mortar suspension and the surrounding rock is achieved. The region of the roc~ or ground penetrated by the discharging mortar, which after hardening around the anchor forms a concreted, stabilized ; zone, has ho~Jever an average cross-section which is independent from the layer sequence of the ground and is determined by the radius 36.
The latter means that, for example with the use of the process with reinforced pile foundations, the average cross-section of the pile is determined by the radius 36 depending on the construction OL ' the drilling crown. This further means that with the given difficult conditions with alternating sequence of layers with different :
' 1 consistency, a ground pile can be set,whose average cross-sectlon is variable by structural dimensions of the above mentioned radius 36 in wide limits. The necessity of using a casing drilling is dispensed with, and a slngle working step is utilized for introducing the anchor into the ground ox soil in a drilling manner and for compression of the mortar during drilling.
The a~ove described drilling crown can be modified in various forms. In particular, any teaxing tools rotatable about their axes can be used to perfor~ simultaneously certain mixing action for the mixture of rock particles and mortar suspension. ~loreover, the side webs 26 can be wound in a helical manner as seen in direction of the arrow VI, and also with respect to their longitudinal axes and their cross-section can have such a profile that a transporting action of the rock loosened by the tearing tools can be performed in direction of the sole of the bore hole.
It is possible to use more than two tearing tools 31, as long as a sufficient space for displacing the ~aterial loosened in the region of the bore hole sole is retained in the sec~ion torn by the radius 36. Also, ins~ead of two side webs 26, more side webs can be provlded as long as the above mentioned requirements are satisfied.
It will be understood that each of the elements described above, or two or more together, may also find a ~:: .. . . . .
1 useful application ln other types of constructions differing from the types described above.
While the invention has been illustrated and described as embodied in a rnethod of and an arrangement for setting anchors in loose rocks ranging from rocks with poor cohesion to rocks with no cohesion, it is not intended to be limited to the detaLls shown, since various modifications and structural changes may be made without departing in any way from the spirit of the present invention.
~ithout further analysis, the foregoing will so fully reveal the gist of the present invention that others can, by applying current knowledge, readily adapt it for various applications without omitting features that, from the standpoint of prior art, fairly constitute essential characteristics of the generic or specific aspects of this invention.
~at is claimed as new and desired to be protected by Letters Patent is set forth in the appended claims.
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1 very labor and cost intensive and require thereore an expensive machinery, or can be used only to a lirnited extent with respect to the coherence of the respective rocks.
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SUMMARY_ OF THl~ INVL'NTION
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method of and an arrangement for setting anchors in rocks of the above mentioned general type which avoid the dlsadvantages of the prior art.
More particularly, it is an object oE the present invention to provide a method of and an arrange~ent for setting anchors which insure a reliable and stable positioning of anchors with substantially standardized available tools or structural elements in the above mentioned complicated conditions pertaining to partially cohesion-poor or non-cohesion rocks.
- In keeping with these objects and with others which will become apparent hereinafter, one feature of the present invention resides, briefly stated, in a methad in accordance with which during the drilling a mortar suspension or the . ,~ . .
. like is supplied through the central opening of the drilling rod provided with radial openings in the region close to the drilling crown.
In accordance with the invention, a known injection drilling ancho.r can be used which, however, is provided.at its front region close to the drilliny crown with outlet openings through which as well as through the central rinsing opening a mortar:suspension or a similar medium can be supplied during the drilling. Directly during the drilling _5_ :: - :
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1 process and in particular synchronously with advancement of the drilling, the rock surrounding the bore hole is compressed with a mortar suspension so that respective steps for stabilization of a bore hole wall are dispensed with.
Since durins thls procedure smaller particles released during drilling are washed away by the mortar suspension, a high volume mixture including coarser released particles and mortar suspension is formed in the surrounding area of the drilling rod. In this manner a relatively deep penetration of the rock surrounding the bore hole and thereby a reliable securing or fixing of the anchor is obtained. A further advantage is achieved in the gap-free and therefore reliable encasing of the rock anchor with a mortar suspension. There-by a reliable corrosion protection is obtained in the alkaline atmosphere produced in the immediate surrounding area of the anchor.
A further advantage o~ the method, both for setting of rock anchors and forming ground piles for foundations is a one-stage process, since in the same working process a quasi drilling and pre-cementing is performed. Therefore a preliminary making a hole is dispensed with.
In accordance with a further feature of the present invention, the process is performed so that relatively fine portions of the loos~ned material are washed away and relatively coarse portionsof the loosened material are rinsed ~ , .. .
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1 with the mortar suspension and bound with the latter during hardening. mhe outer cliame-ter of the casing produced from the mortar and surrounding the anchor is cont.rolled at a : predetermined supply pressure of the mortar suspension by varying of the speed of drilling. Since the above mentioned washing out effect at a predetermined supply pressure of the mortar suspension is laterally expanded due to the low mechanical stability o~ the rock surrounding the opening, the radial dimensions of the mortar encasing of the anchor can be easily controlled by the drilling speed and thereby the drilling advancement. This opens simple possibilities for adjusting to different types of rock.
A further feature of the present invention is the arrangement for anchoring which includes the above mentioned anchor with a drilling rod and a drilling crown, wherein the drilling rod has a central axial opening and radial openings : ~or simultaneously supplying the mortar suspension through the central opening during drilling. At the end of the drilling rod facing away o~ the drilling crown, the drilling rod is provided Wit}l an adaptor whlch is used for ro~ary drive and for supply of the mortar suspension.
In accordance with a further feature of the present invention, the adaptor has a bush.for receiving an end of the drilling rod and transporting a torque, and a stationary : 25 housing for sup_lying a mortar suspension. The bush can have ' .
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1 openings in the region cf the housing and abutment means ~or the drilling rod inside. The housin~ can form a ring chamber surroundlng the bush and fixed between immovable and detachable abutment members. ~ith this feature the adaptor has an especially simple and advantageous design.
It is composed o~ a few baslc elements which are easily accessible for maintenance and inspection.
The drilling crown can have a tubular projection, , a freely rotatable tearing tool, and a support for the tearing tool which can include side webs. Such a drilling crown is advantageous for erecting off ground piles in soils with an alternating sequence of cohesion-poor and solid layers.
Since the side webs which laterally extend from the projection form a support for the freely rotatable tearing tool, there is a possibility to select the radial dimensions of this arrangement so that an opening formed in the ground has an average cross-section over its entire length, in which the tearing tool is ef~ective and in which in each case a penetration of released material and mortar suspension is insured. For static computations a definite concrete cross-section can be taken into consideration whose radlal dimensions are practically determined by the respective radial dimensions of the side webs in connection with the :"
tearing tools mounted on them. Thereby in these relatively ^~ 25 difficult cases, a single working step can be used both for .
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1 producing the opening and for compressing the mortar to for~
a reinforce-l ground pile over a de inite depth and, corre-sponding to the radial dimenslons of the drillin~ crWn,having . definite radial dimensions, said dimensions - as seen over the whole lengthof the pile - do not fall below the di~ensio~s o~ an average cross-section corresponding roughly to the radial dimensions of the drilling crown.
In accordance with a further feature of the present invention, side webs can be arranged in a plane extending throu~h the axis of the projection. The side webs can be straight and have a square or a rectangular cross-section~
: ~hey can be hellcally wound in the rotary direction of the drilling rod, for example about their longitudinal axes. They can extend from the drilling crown rearwardly at an angle relative to the a~is of the projection in an arrow-like shape.
When the side webs are formed in accordance with these features, they are also suitable as a transporting element for displacing the forwardly released material to the - rear side of the drilling crown. When the side w~ebs are helically wound in ~he rotary direction of the drilling drive of the drilling rod and in some cases surround their longitudinal axes, the movement of the side webs in the mixture composed of the mortar suspension and the released material leads to a ~ransporting action in direction toward the rear end of the drilling crown. The arrow-shaped extension of the side webs from the front side of the drilling crown facili~ates the penetration during the rotary drilling.
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1 It should be emphasized that ~oth a rotary and impact drilling can be performed as well.
In accordance with a further feature of the pr~sent invention, the drillins crown has a plurality of outlet openings for the mortar suspension supplied through the drilling rod. The exact location of these outlet openings is arbitrary. They serve particularly for escaping of the mortar in such a region in which during the rotary drilling the tearing tool rotata~le opposite to the drilllng drive is efficient. The tearing tool performs the ~unctions of the mi~.ing elements for making a mixture of released coarse-grain material with mortar suspension. Under the action of the rotatable tearin~ tool, a substantially homogenous mixture of mortar suspension and released material is produced in the region of the drilling crown. It is displaced by the displacing action of the side webs in connection with the tearing tool towards the rear side of the drilling crown.
The tearing tools can be arranged so that their axes are perpendicular to the side webs, and they can be provided with uniformly distributed cutting~members. The cutting members or edges can be composed of a hard metal and dimensioned so that their ef~ective region is con~ined inside the mixture to be mixed.
The tearing tools can be arranged so that they cover at most 50% of the suxface of the bore hole produced ~ , , . ., . . . :
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1 during drilling. There~ore, despite the rota~able drilllng crotrn a sufficient ~low cross-section is available in a region of flow of t~e released material toward the rear side o the drilling crown.
~he lateral extension of the side webs can have a radius corresponding to such a radius which permit a penetration of the mortar suspension during setting a rock anchor or erecting a ground plle. The projection can be provided with an outer thread for screwing with a drilling rod, and the outer thread can be formed preferably as a round thread or other threads.
The novel features which are considered as characteristic for the inventlon are set forth in particular in the appended claims. The invention itself, however, both as to its construction and its method o operation, together with additional objects and advantages thereof, will be best understood from the following description of specific ~; embodiments when read in connection with the accompanying drawings.
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B~ ~ .PTION OF TH DRA~IINGS
FIG. 1 is a side view of an arrangement for setting anchors in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a view as seen in direction of the arrow II in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of an adaptor of the inventive arrangement in acc:ordance with the present inve~tion;
FIG. 4 is a side view of a dxilllng crown of the arrangement in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a v.iew showlng a detail of the drilling crown as seen in direction of the arrow V in FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a view showing an end side of the , drilling crown in the bore hole, in direction VI in ~ 15 FIG. 4.
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,~;. ' ' ,., ' ' ' DESCRIPTIOM OF THE PREFERR~D ~MBODIM~MTS
A drilling rod in accordance with the present invention is identified as a whole with reference numeral 1.
It is used simultaneously as an anchor,andmore particularly both as a rock anchor for stabilization of the walls of the hollow spaces and also ~or piles serving for ground solidification. The drilling rod 1 is formed as a hollow cylindrical main body which is provided over its entire length with a thread-shaped formation in the shape of a round thread. Advantageously it is produced by a cold deformation, for example in cylinders or rollers.
- The drilling rod 1 carries at its end a drilling crown 2 which is provided in a known manner with a central rinsing opening 3 extending coaxially to the drilling rod 1 or its central axial opening 4.
The drilling crown is formed as a plate-shaped, for example square main body, extending transversely to the axis of the drilling rod 1 and provided at its peripheral ; sides with cylindrical depressions 5. The depresslons 5 have such sizes that their deepest points are in contact wlth an outer circle describing the outer thread. At its~end facing .; . .
toward the sole of the bore hole, the drilling crown carries ~-prism-shaped projections 6 which have a star-shaped arrangement and serve as cutting edges. ~he pro~ections 6 e~tend in direction toward the corners of the square main `'~
~ -13~
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' ' , , ' , 1 body. The projections 6 are formed around the lateral li~iting edges of the above mentioned main body and end at a small distance from the points at which the drilling rod 1 is arranged. In this construction the projections 6 or the cut~ing edges are effective not only at the end side but also in the peripheral region. At the side of the bore hole sole the projection6 ends in the central region of the main body in inclined surfaces 7 which are inclined in direction toward a mouth of the rinsing opening 3. In its axial direction, or in other words in direction of the arrow 8, the drllling crown 2 has as short size as possible. The connection between the drilling crown 2 and the drilling rod 1 is preferably ~ormed releasable.
Since the drilling crown 2 is formed as short as possible in the direction of the arrow 8, the rock material released durins the operation of the drilling rod in the end side region of the drilling head can be transported over a shortest path and also with minimum possible flow resistance to the side region of the drilling crown which faces away of the bore hole sole. Since the drilling crown 2 is releasbly mounted on the drilling rod 1, an exchange of the drilling - crown for adjusting the drilling rod to different crown or rock properties or drill hole diameters is possible.
The drilling rod in its region adjacent to the drilling crown 2, or in other words extending from the .... ..
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1 drill.ing crown over a length o~ for example 0.5 m, is provided wlth openlngs 9. The central opening 4 of the drilling rod 1 communica~es ~ith the outside through these openings.
One or several e~tension portions are connected with the drilling rod 1 by not shown coupling parts. They correspond to the drilling rod 1 in their sizes and their other characteristlcs, however, are not provided with the openings 9.
The drilling rod 1 itself or the drilling rod extended in the above described manner is provided w.ith an adaptor part 10 at its end facing away from the drilling crown 2. The adaptor part 10 is schematically shown in Fig. 3. It has a connecting portion 11 connected to a not shown conduit for anchoring mor.tar or a mortar suspension.
A not shown couplin~ part for connecting a conventional drilling drive for drilling and/or impacting operation is provided at the point 12.
The adaptor part 10 as shown in FIG. 3 has a bush 13 with an inner thread corresponding to the outer thread of the drilling rod 1. The bush 13, as shown in the point 14, is inwardly closed and is again provided with an inner thread at 12. This inner thread forms a coupling member for a not shown drilling drive. ~n ab~me~ body 15 .is fixedly mounted on the outer surface of the bush 13, and its function will be explained hereinbelow. The bush 13 is surrounded by a :
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1 stat.ionary housing 16 which carries a connecting member 11 and which is provided with an inner annular chamber 17. The chamber 17 communicates ln a not shown manner with the connecting member 11, so that the mortar suspension can be supplied through the connecting part 11 in direction of the arrow 18 into the annular chamber 17. A cylindrical recess 19 is formed in the outer surface of the bush 13 radially directly opposite to the annular chamber 17. The recess 19 is provided with a plurality of radial openings 20.
~n impacting member 21 is screwed in the bush 13.
In the shown embodimer.t it is formed as a relatively short tubular cylinder provided with an outer thread. It is inserted to the location 14 at which the inner chamber of. the bush is closed. The impacting member 14 is provided with a plurality of radial openings 22, which are in alignment with the openings 20. Therefore, the annular chamber 17 and the inner chamber of the abutment member 21 communicate with one another for supplying the mortar suspension. The impacting member 21 insures that during screwing of the end of a drilling rod into the bush 13, the scre~ing-in depth of the drilling rod is limited and the drilling rod does not cover the openings 20. The housing part 16 which surrounds the : bush 13 with a small play is held in its position abutting with a small play against the abutment body 15, by means of a further abutment body 23 which is axially movable relative . ~
1 to the bush 13. The abutment body 23 is arrested on the bush 13 by a plurality of clampiny screws 24. In operation of the adaptor part 10, the housing 16 is immovably held between the abutment bodies 15 and 23 wh.ich are rotatable together with the bush.
The arrangement described in FIGS. 1 - 3 is used for setting rock anchors in friable rocks which range between rocks with low coherence to rocks with no coherence at all.
~ In such situations during drilling instead o~ conventional rinsing means, a mortar suspension or cement .dispersion is used, which is supplied through the connecting member 11 under pressure. During the drillin~ advance the mortar suspension flows both from the rinsing opening 3 of the drilling.crown 2 and from the openings 9 of the drilling rod 1. A relatively fine grain material produced during the drilling process is washed away, while to the contrary the relatively coarse material remains in the bore hole and forms directly a mixture with the mortar suspension so as to harden at a later time, together with the latter. The mortar suspension required ~or producing a bond ~etween the anchor on the one hand and the surrounding rock~on the other hand, is introduced into the bore hole during the drilling process.
Thereby not only the stabilization of the bore hole obtained directly during drilling, but also relati~ely large-space . 25 penetration o~ mortar suspension in the rock surrounding the : ' .. . . .. . _, , ~ ~ , , .
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1 bore hole is achieved. The last mentioned effect is further improved by the washing away o~ relatively fi~e-grain material. In the finally finished bore hole, the anchor ls surrounded by a concrete-like casing which is composed of a mi~ture of ~ortar suspension and relatively coarse rock particles. Due to the large-volume penetration of the mortar suspension into the surrounding rock, a stabilization of the rock and a reliable mounting of the anchor is produced.
FIGS. 4 - 6 show a drilling crown 2 which is designed for a predetermined application. This is the case in which an alternating sequence of layers of friable or non-coherent roc~ and relatively solid supporting layers are arranged in direction of the depth of a bore hole. The characteristic feature of this layer sequence is that in the region of the friable layers a collapse of the walls of the bore hole must be taken into consideration, while this does not occur in the region of the solid layers. For eliminating the disadvantages connected with the expected non-uniform cross-section o~ the bond system including the anchor and the surrounding mortar layer, a drilling head 2 described herein-below is proposed.
The drilling head 2 includes a tubular projection 25 which is provided outside with a relatively coarse thread, preferably a round thread. It has side webs 26 mounted on its front part facing toward the sole of the bore hole. The . , _ _ . ... . .... _ .
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~.: , - ~: ' 1 mounting can ~e perCo~ed in any manner, for example by welding with the outer wall o~ the projection 25.
The above mentioned side webs 26 extend ln the shown em~odiment substantially in a plane which includes the axis 27 of the projection 25. They extend from the projection 25 rearwardly in the shape of an arrow, or in other words, directed from the sole o~ the bore hole. In accordance with FIG. 4, they form an angle c~f approximately 45 with the axis 27 and can have for example a square cross-section 25 well as a rectangular cross-section.
The projection 25 is formed for screwing with the drilling rod 1 in accordance with the embodiment of FIGS. 1 -3. In the mounted condition of the drilling head 2, the axis 27 is coaxial to the central axial opening 4 of the drilling rod 1 in FIG. 1. The opening 28 of the projection 25, which forms the extension of the opening 4, ends in a portion 29 at its end facing toward the sole of the bore hole.
The poxtion 29 has a conical end tip and is provided with a rinsing or outlet opening 30 at its end. The opening 30 ~- 20 is coaxial to the axis 27. The projection 25 is provided with further lateral outlet openings 30' which communicate with the opening 28.
Tearing tools formed a rotational bodies are identified with reference numeral 31. They extend perpendicularly to the side webs 26 and are freely rotatable .
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1 around axes 32 lying in their plane. The tearing rools 31 are arranged on the side we~s 26 at their sides facing toward the sole of the bore hole. The rotary support of the tearing tools 31 on the side webs 26 can be obtained in any desirable manner as long as the strength required for the drilling operation ls ensured.
Each tearing tool 31 includes a rotation-symmetrical ring member 33 with a ~lurality of cut-ting members 34 arranged at its peripheral outer side. The cutting me~bers 34 are preferably unlformly distributed over the periphery of the ring member 33. The cutting members 34 in the shown embodiment have a parallel_~p~ed shape with projecting cutting edges 35 at thelr front sLde, or in other words, at their side facing toward the soie of the bore hole. It is to be understood that the remaining edges of the cutting body 34 also operateas cutting edses~ The above described both tearing tools 31 are formed as identical elements with respect to one another.
The system composed of the side webs 26 and the tearing tools 31 has such dimensions th~at, as considered in an axial projection of FIG. 6,it occupies at most 50% of the surface with the radius 36, within which the tearing tools 31 provide a drilling or loosening action. ~s a result, durlng the drilling advance a sufficient cross-section in the region of the rotatable drilling head is ' .
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1 available for transporting the torn, com~inuted or loosened material to the rear slde o the drilling head 2, or in other words to the side opposite to the sole of the bore hole.
~ cutting member 37 extends on each tearing tool 31 over its ring member 32 atitsside facing toward thé sole o~
the bore hole. The cutting member 37 has an angular prismatic shape. It further contributes to the cutting, tearing and loosening action during the driliing advancement.
The utilization of the drilling head 2 of FIGS~ 4 -6 is substantially similar to the utilization of the above described drilling head. During producing of a bore hole, preferably with operation of an exclusively rotatable drilling head, a mortar suspension is directly supplied into the drilling rod, flows through the axial opening 4 into the opening 28 of the drilling head, and finally e~its through the outlet openings 30, 30'. Due to the drilllng process, - the friable rock is loosened, fine or finest components are washed away, while the coarse components are mixed with the discharging mortar suspension to finally harden with the latter. The tearing tools which rotatè during the rotary drilling opposite to the rotary direction of the drilling rod act for tearing the roc~ during-the drilling advance, and also partially comminute the loosened coarse particles, especially a mixture of the loosened particles with the mortar ' . .
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1 suspension discharged through the openings 30, 30' The teaxing tools there~y simultaneously perEorm the function of mi~ing organs, so that during the drilling advancement a mixture of mortar suspension and coarse rock particles is formed behind the drilling crown 2, and the zone of the rock loosened by the drilling process or the bore hole remains constantly filled and no hol]ow spaces are formed. In the final condition, the anchor formed by the system of the drilling rod and drilling crown is bound on its whole length in the mortar impregnated with rock particles. In corre-spondence with the consistency of the surrounding rock as well as the introducing pressure of the mortar suspension, more or less deep penetration of the mortar suspension and the surrounding rock is achieved. The region of the roc~ or ground penetrated by the discharging mortar, which after hardening around the anchor forms a concreted, stabilized ; zone, has ho~Jever an average cross-section which is independent from the layer sequence of the ground and is determined by the radius 36.
The latter means that, for example with the use of the process with reinforced pile foundations, the average cross-section of the pile is determined by the radius 36 depending on the construction OL ' the drilling crown. This further means that with the given difficult conditions with alternating sequence of layers with different :
' 1 consistency, a ground pile can be set,whose average cross-sectlon is variable by structural dimensions of the above mentioned radius 36 in wide limits. The necessity of using a casing drilling is dispensed with, and a slngle working step is utilized for introducing the anchor into the ground ox soil in a drilling manner and for compression of the mortar during drilling.
The a~ove described drilling crown can be modified in various forms. In particular, any teaxing tools rotatable about their axes can be used to perfor~ simultaneously certain mixing action for the mixture of rock particles and mortar suspension. ~loreover, the side webs 26 can be wound in a helical manner as seen in direction of the arrow VI, and also with respect to their longitudinal axes and their cross-section can have such a profile that a transporting action of the rock loosened by the tearing tools can be performed in direction of the sole of the bore hole.
It is possible to use more than two tearing tools 31, as long as a sufficient space for displacing the ~aterial loosened in the region of the bore hole sole is retained in the sec~ion torn by the radius 36. Also, ins~ead of two side webs 26, more side webs can be provlded as long as the above mentioned requirements are satisfied.
It will be understood that each of the elements described above, or two or more together, may also find a ~:: .. . . . .
1 useful application ln other types of constructions differing from the types described above.
While the invention has been illustrated and described as embodied in a rnethod of and an arrangement for setting anchors in loose rocks ranging from rocks with poor cohesion to rocks with no cohesion, it is not intended to be limited to the detaLls shown, since various modifications and structural changes may be made without departing in any way from the spirit of the present invention.
~ithout further analysis, the foregoing will so fully reveal the gist of the present invention that others can, by applying current knowledge, readily adapt it for various applications without omitting features that, from the standpoint of prior art, fairly constitute essential characteristics of the generic or specific aspects of this invention.
~at is claimed as new and desired to be protected by Letters Patent is set forth in the appended claims.
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Claims (32)
1. A method of setting anchors in loose rocks ranging from low-cohesion to non-cohesion rocks, comprising the steps of providing an anchor having a drilling crown and a drilling rod with a central axial opening and a plurality of radial openings in the region close to said drilling crown;
drilling a bore hole with said anchor; simultaneously supplying a liquid medium through said central opening during the drilling.
drilling a bore hole with said anchor; simultaneously supplying a liquid medium through said central opening during the drilling.
2. A method as defined in claim 1, wherein said supplying step includes supplying a mortar suspension through said central opening of said drilling rod during said drilling.
3. A method as defined in claim 1, wherein said supplying step includes supplying the liquid medium so that during the drilling relatively fine particles of a loosened material are washed away, while relatively coarse particles of the loosened material are rinsed by the liquid medium and hardened together with the liquid medium to be bonded with the latter.
4. A method as defined in claim 1; and further comprising the step of controlling an outer diameter of a casing which surrounds the anchor and is composed of the hardened liquid medium, said controlling step including varying a speed of the drilling at a predetermined supply pressure of the liquid medium.
5. An arrangement for anchoring in loose rocks ranging from cohesion-poor to non-cohesion rocks, comprising an anchor including a drilling crown and a drilling rod having a central axial opening and a plurality of radial openings in the region close to said drilling rod so that during drilling a liquid medium is simultaneously supplied through said central opening.
6. An arrangement as defined in claim 5, wherein said drilling rod has an outer surface provided with a profile.
7. An arrangement as defined in claim 6, wherein said profile of said drilling rod is formed as a round thread.
8. An arrangement as defined in claim 5; and further comprising an adaptor provided for driving said drilling rod and also for supplying the liquid medium, said adaptor being arranged at an end of said drilling rod which faces away of said drilling crown.
9. An arrangement as defined in claim 8; and further comprising an extension piece interposed between said drilling rod and said adaptor.
10. An arrangement as defined in claim 8, wherein said adaptor includes a bush for receiving an end of said drilling rod and for transmitting a torque, and a stationary housing for supplying the liquid medium.
11. An arrangement as defined in claim 10, wherein said bush in the region of said housing is provided with a peripheral openings and accommodates in its interior abutment means for said drilling rod.
12. An arrangement as defined in claim 10, wherein said housing has a ring chamber which surrounds said bush for distributing the liquid medium.
13. An arrangement as defined in claim 10; and further comprising means for fixing said housing and including a stationary abutment member and a detachable abutment member surrounding said bush with a small play.
14. An arrangement as defined in claim 6, wherein said drilling crown includes a tubular projection and at least one freely rotatable tearing tool arranged on said projection.
15. An arrangement as defined in claim 14, wherein said projection is provided with a support for said tearing tool, said support including two side webs having front sides supporting said tearing tool.
16. An arrangement as defined in claim 15, wherein said projection has an axis, said side webs including at least two such side webs arranged in a plane which includes said axis.
17. An arrangement as defined in claim 15, wherein said side webs extend in a straight fashion and have a non-round cross-section.
18. An arrangement as defined in claim 17, wherein said side webs have a square cross-section.
19. An arrangement as defined in claim 17, wherein said side webs have a rectangular cross-section.
20. An arrangement as defined in claim 15, wherein said side webs are helically wound in a rotary direction of said drilling rod.
21. An arrangement as defined in claim 15, wherein each of said side webs has a longitudinal axis and is wound around said longitudinal axis.
22. An arrangement as defined in claim 15, wherein said projection has an axis, said side webs extending from a front end of said drilling crown rearwardly at an angle relative to said axis.
23. An arrangement as defined in claim 22, wherein said side webs extend in an arrow-like manner.
24. An arrangement as defined in claim 14, wherein said projection has a plurality of lateral openings and an axial opening at its front end communicating with said central opening of said drilling rod to permit flow of the liquid medium.
25. An arrangement as defined in claim 15, wherein said tearing tools have axes extending perpendicular to said side webs.
26. An arrangement as defined in claim 14, wherein said tearing tools are provided with cutting members.
27. An arrangement as defined in claim 26, wherein said cutting members of said tearing tools are arranged in a uniform distribution.
28. An arrangement as defined in claim 14, wherein said tearing tools are formed so that they cover at most 50%
of a surface in a bore hole produced during the drilling.
of a surface in a bore hole produced during the drilling.
29. An arrangement as defined in claim 15, wherein said side webs extend laterally so that they cover a radius corresponding to an average radius with a cross-section allowing a flow of the liquid medium during setting a rock anchor or a ground pile.
30. An arrangement as defined in claim 14, wherein said projection is provided with means for screwing with said drilling rod.
31. An arrangement as defined in claim 30, wherein said means is formed as an outer thread provided on said projection.
32. An arrangement as defined in claim 31, wherein said outer thread of said projection is formed as a round thread.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEP3840158.4 | 1988-11-29 | ||
| DE3840158A DE3840158A1 (en) | 1988-11-29 | 1988-11-29 | METHOD FOR SETTING AN ANCHOR AND DEVICE FOR IMPLEMENTING THE METHOD |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2003979A1 true CA2003979A1 (en) | 1990-05-29 |
Family
ID=6368060
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002003979A Abandoned CA2003979A1 (en) | 1988-11-29 | 1989-11-27 | Method of and arrangement for setting anchors in loose rock ranging from cohesion-poor to non-cohesion rock |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5044832A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0371463B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2732687B2 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE103355T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU623198B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2003979A1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3840158A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2050208T3 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA899048B (en) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU652765B2 (en) * | 1990-07-03 | 1994-09-08 | Illawarra Technology Corporation Limited, The | Drillable ground support bolt |
| WO1992001141A1 (en) * | 1990-07-03 | 1992-01-23 | The Illawarra Technology Corporation Limited | Drillable ground support bolt |
| FR2721641B1 (en) * | 1994-06-28 | 1996-08-02 | Mure Ets | Anchor tie head. |
| DE4432472C2 (en) * | 1994-09-13 | 1997-09-18 | Reburg Patentverwertungs Gmbh | Adapter part for connecting a drill drive with a self-drilling anchor |
| DE19607988A1 (en) * | 1996-03-01 | 1997-09-04 | Reburg Patentverwertungs Gmbh | Coupling connecting rotary drilling drive to injector transferring mortar into rock anchor |
| AU2005201548B2 (en) * | 1999-03-31 | 2007-03-22 | Hydramatic Engineering Pty Ltd | Method and Apparatus For insertion of Rock Bolts |
| AUPP955399A0 (en) * | 1999-03-31 | 1999-04-29 | Hydramatic Engineering Pty. Ltd. | Method and apparatus for insertion of rockbolts |
| SE525690C2 (en) * | 2003-05-12 | 2005-04-05 | Atlas Copco Rock Drills Ab | Device for rock bolting as well as for automated rock bolting and method for rock bolting |
| US8556558B1 (en) | 2006-07-31 | 2013-10-15 | Christopher M. Hunt | Fastener for cementitious materials |
| WO2011163449A1 (en) | 2010-06-24 | 2011-12-29 | Nucor Steel Birmingham, Inc. | A tensionable threaded rebar bolt |
| US9010165B2 (en) | 2011-01-18 | 2015-04-21 | Nucor Corporation | Threaded rebar manufacturing process and system |
| DE102011087178A1 (en) * | 2011-11-28 | 2013-05-29 | Hilti Aktiengesellschaft | Anchors, in particular rock anchors |
| CN105114109A (en) * | 2015-09-18 | 2015-12-02 | 洛阳中岩工程材料有限公司 | Self-drilling type hollow anchor rod grouting connector |
| CN105604593B (en) * | 2016-03-17 | 2018-05-04 | 天津大学 | A kind of three stages anchoring Combined hollow grouted anchor bar |
| CN106121697A (en) * | 2016-08-19 | 2016-11-16 | 中国葛洲坝集团第三工程有限公司 | A kind of fast lifting rises the device and method of the initial anchor force of shell anchor head |
| CN111501764B (en) * | 2020-05-07 | 2021-05-18 | 深圳市地铁集团有限公司 | Large-angle swing-spraying high-pressure jet grouting machine |
| CN112726595A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-04-30 | 成都瑞阳机械有限公司 | High-pressure wear-resistant drilling grouting combined rotary joint |
| CN113153354B (en) * | 2021-04-24 | 2022-03-01 | 淮北市平远软岩支护工程技术有限公司 | Supporting method based on pressure-stabilizing pressure-retaining grouting and grouting control equipment |
| GB2609017B (en) * | 2021-07-16 | 2023-07-12 | Hypertunnel Ip Ltd | Integrated drilling injection and extraction device and method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE377021C (en) * | 1923-06-08 | Julius Haferbusch | Flushing head for flexible tube shafts | |
| US2229912A (en) * | 1941-01-28 | Method and apparatus for displacing | ||
| US972969A (en) * | 1908-06-04 | 1910-10-18 | Wittich Success Shaft Sinking And Tunnelling Machine Company | Stone-cutting tool. |
| US2782605A (en) * | 1952-09-19 | 1957-02-26 | Intrusion Prepakt Inc | Process and apparatus for grouting porous formations |
| US3094177A (en) * | 1961-04-21 | 1963-06-18 | Edward B Williams Iii | Rotary drill bit with lateral cutter |
| US3354657A (en) * | 1965-05-03 | 1967-11-28 | Lee A Turzillo | Method for installing anchoring or supporting columns in situ |
| GB1170610A (en) * | 1965-12-13 | 1969-11-12 | Stabilator Ab | A method of Anchoring Rods or the like in Drill Holes in Earth or Rock |
| US3875751A (en) * | 1967-06-14 | 1975-04-08 | Kjeld F W Paus | Strengthening cohesive soils |
| US3852971A (en) * | 1973-07-12 | 1974-12-10 | Raymond Int Inc | Pile structure |
| US4046205A (en) * | 1974-04-29 | 1977-09-06 | Kabushiki Kaisha Takechi Koumusho | Earth auger and method for driving piles and the like by means of said earth auger |
| US4254840A (en) * | 1978-10-05 | 1981-03-10 | Reed Tool Company | Drill bit insert |
| JPS5736215A (en) * | 1980-08-14 | 1982-02-27 | Japanese National Railways<Jnr> | Pipe anchoring work for soft ground |
| JPS5837220A (en) * | 1981-08-26 | 1983-03-04 | Asuku Kenkyusho:Kk | Drilling and kneading device and amending method for ground using said device |
| US4533279A (en) * | 1983-05-12 | 1985-08-06 | Fundemantum B.V. | Method for making a foundation pile |
| GB8431720D0 (en) * | 1984-12-15 | 1985-01-30 | Dowty Group Services | Anchor bolt |
| JPS62197600A (en) * | 1986-02-25 | 1987-09-01 | 株式会社大林組 | Method of reinforcing construction of ground by using self-boring bolt |
| DE3724165A1 (en) * | 1986-09-10 | 1988-03-24 | Gd Anker Gmbh & Co Kg | MOUNTAIN ANCHOR |
-
1988
- 1988-11-29 DE DE3840158A patent/DE3840158A1/en active Granted
-
1989
- 1989-11-27 CA CA002003979A patent/CA2003979A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1989-11-28 DE DE89121946T patent/DE58907289D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-11-28 AT AT89121946T patent/ATE103355T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-11-28 ZA ZA899048A patent/ZA899048B/en unknown
- 1989-11-28 AU AU45642/89A patent/AU623198B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1989-11-28 EP EP89121946A patent/EP0371463B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-11-28 ES ES89121946T patent/ES2050208T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-11-29 JP JP1310498A patent/JP2732687B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-11-29 US US07/443,121 patent/US5044832A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU623198B2 (en) | 1992-05-07 |
| EP0371463A3 (en) | 1991-04-17 |
| DE3840158C2 (en) | 1992-08-06 |
| DE58907289D1 (en) | 1994-04-28 |
| AU4564289A (en) | 1990-06-07 |
| JP2732687B2 (en) | 1998-03-30 |
| ES2050208T3 (en) | 1994-05-16 |
| JPH02210115A (en) | 1990-08-21 |
| ZA899048B (en) | 1990-09-26 |
| ATE103355T1 (en) | 1994-04-15 |
| EP0371463B1 (en) | 1994-03-23 |
| EP0371463A2 (en) | 1990-06-06 |
| DE3840158A1 (en) | 1990-05-31 |
| US5044832A (en) | 1991-09-03 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |