CA1331091C - Shovel, in particular a leveling shovel - Google Patents
Shovel, in particular a leveling shovelInfo
- Publication number
- CA1331091C CA1331091C CA000610460A CA610460A CA1331091C CA 1331091 C CA1331091 C CA 1331091C CA 000610460 A CA000610460 A CA 000610460A CA 610460 A CA610460 A CA 610460A CA 1331091 C CA1331091 C CA 1331091C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- shovel
- blade
- guide
- base
- implement carrier
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 230000000452 restraining effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 210000002320 radius Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 4
- 206010028896 Needle track marks Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241001052209 Cylinder Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C19/00—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving
- E01C19/12—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving for distributing granular or liquid materials
- E01C19/15—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving for distributing granular or liquid materials for laying-down uncoated stone or similar materials, or for striking-off or spreading same without compacting, e.g. for crushed rock base courses, sand cushions for paving
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
- E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
- E02F3/28—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets
- E02F3/36—Component parts
- E02F3/40—Dippers; Buckets ; Grab devices, e.g. manufacturing processes for buckets, form, geometry or material of buckets
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
- E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
- E02F3/76—Graders, bulldozers, or the like with scraper plates or ploughshare-like elements; Levelling scarifying devices
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
- E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
- E02F3/76—Graders, bulldozers, or the like with scraper plates or ploughshare-like elements; Levelling scarifying devices
- E02F3/80—Component parts
- E02F3/815—Blades; Levelling or scarifying tools
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
- E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
- E02F3/96—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with arrangements for alternate or simultaneous use of different digging elements
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Shovels (AREA)
- Soil Working Implements (AREA)
- Centrifugal Separators (AREA)
- Operation Control Of Excavators (AREA)
- Component Parts Of Construction Machinery (AREA)
- Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)
- Cleaning Of Streets, Tracks, Or Beaches (AREA)
Abstract
Abstract:
(in conjunction with Fig. 1) In the leveling of planes for paving work, lawns, sports grounds, gardens or cultivated plots and the like, work is nowadays normally carried out manually on account of the high costs of special machines. A leveling shovel (10) is proposed which has an implement carrier (31) for fixing to any available vehicle {bulldozer, wheeled loader or the like). The leveling shovel (10) has a shovel blade (19), which is essentially perpendicular to the traveling direction, as well as a shovel base (15), adjacent to the shovel blade (19), and shovel side walls (17). The shovel blade (19) is here arranged so as to be movable relative to the shovel base (15) in such a way that it is movable relative to the shovel base (15) in the direction of its front edge (27) or rear edge (16).
(in conjunction with Fig. 1) In the leveling of planes for paving work, lawns, sports grounds, gardens or cultivated plots and the like, work is nowadays normally carried out manually on account of the high costs of special machines. A leveling shovel (10) is proposed which has an implement carrier (31) for fixing to any available vehicle {bulldozer, wheeled loader or the like). The leveling shovel (10) has a shovel blade (19), which is essentially perpendicular to the traveling direction, as well as a shovel base (15), adjacent to the shovel blade (19), and shovel side walls (17). The shovel blade (19) is here arranged so as to be movable relative to the shovel base (15) in such a way that it is movable relative to the shovel base (15) in the direction of its front edge (27) or rear edge (16).
Description
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The invention relates to a shovel, in particular a levelling shovel.
In the laying of paving, a flat (sand) surface must be created (subgrade) after the earth has been compacted, on which flat surface the paving stones are then laid. This nowadays generally takes place manually, the levelling costs amounting to more than half the overall costs for the paving.
The conventional levelling machines (wheeled loaders, bulldozers) are equipped with levelling shovels which certainly permit earth to be picked up in the "forward" travelling direction; but when the levelling machine is driven in reverse with the levelling shovel lowered, the earth can only be flattened but not trimmed. On the other hand, this reversing is necessary so that the track marks of the vehicle do not destroy the subgrade again; on the contrary, they must be filled in and levelled again.
Starting from the above mentioned prior art, it is the object of the present invention to create a levelling shovel with which it is possible both to pick up material in "normal operationn, that is, when travelling forward, as well as to correctly level and trim the subgrade.
This object is achieved by the provision according to the present invention of a levelling shovel with an implement carrier for attachment to a vehicle, comprising a shovel blade which is essentially perpendicular to the travelling or levelling direction, a plane shovel base adjacent to the shovel blade, and shovel side parts attached to the shovel base, wherein the shovel blade is disposed between the shovel side parts with opposite sides of the shovel blade adjacent to the shovel side parts, the shovel blade being pivotally mounted to the shovel side parts about a pivot axis for back and forth movement of the shovel blade in a direction between front and rear edges of the shovel base, said pivot axis being movable upwardly and downwardly r-lat1vc to th- shovol side parts, and the shovel hl~de having : ' :
~331091 - la -guide points coupled to the shovel side parts for restraining a bottom edge of the shovel blade to move essentially parallel to -the plane shovel base during pivotal movement of the shovel blade. ;,-Thus, when the shovel blade has been moved to the rear :
in the direction of the vehicle, the levelling shovel can be used as a "normal" levelling shovel to pick up material, and, when the shovel blade has been . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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The invention relates to a shovel, in particular a levelling shovel.
In the laying of paving, a flat (sand) surface must be created (subgrade) after the earth has been compacted, on which flat surface the paving stones are then laid. This nowadays generally takes place manually, the levelling costs amounting to more than half the overall costs for the paving.
The conventional levelling machines (wheeled loaders, bulldozers) are equipped with levelling shovels which certainly permit earth to be picked up in the "forward" travelling direction; but when the levelling machine is driven in reverse with the levelling shovel lowered, the earth can only be flattened but not trimmed. On the other hand, this reversing is necessary so that the track marks of the vehicle do not destroy the subgrade again; on the contrary, they must be filled in and levelled again.
Starting from the above mentioned prior art, it is the object of the present invention to create a levelling shovel with which it is possible both to pick up material in "normal operationn, that is, when travelling forward, as well as to correctly level and trim the subgrade.
This object is achieved by the provision according to the present invention of a levelling shovel with an implement carrier for attachment to a vehicle, comprising a shovel blade which is essentially perpendicular to the travelling or levelling direction, a plane shovel base adjacent to the shovel blade, and shovel side parts attached to the shovel base, wherein the shovel blade is disposed between the shovel side parts with opposite sides of the shovel blade adjacent to the shovel side parts, the shovel blade being pivotally mounted to the shovel side parts about a pivot axis for back and forth movement of the shovel blade in a direction between front and rear edges of the shovel base, said pivot axis being movable upwardly and downwardly r-lat1vc to th- shovol side parts, and the shovel hl~de having : ' :
~331091 - la -guide points coupled to the shovel side parts for restraining a bottom edge of the shovel blade to move essentially parallel to -the plane shovel base during pivotal movement of the shovel blade. ;,-Thus, when the shovel blade has been moved to the rear :
in the direction of the vehicle, the levelling shovel can be used as a "normal" levelling shovel to pick up material, and, when the shovel blade has been . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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moved relative to the shovel base in the direction of its front edge, the earth can be trimmed or levelled in the reverse direct~on. The excess material is then pic~ed up by the shovel.
The shovel blade is preferably mounted in such a way that its bottom edge, when moving from the front to the rear, is guided in parallel with and at a slight distance from the shovel base. Hydraulic cylinders preferably, which can be operated from the vehicle control lever, are provided in order to perform this movement. It is thereby possible, when levelling (in the reverse direction) to discharge material located in the shovel by pivoting a shovel blade in order to smooth out any gaps (holes, rifts).
The shovel side parts are extended past the rear edge of the shovel base in order to prevent material from escaping sideways.
According to an alternative embodiment of the shovel, the guide points are arranged in the upper area of the shovel side parts, namely approximately in the center of the same, and the lower half of the shovel blade, which mainly comes in contact with sand, i8 free of sliding parts subject to possible wear. Furthermore, 80 that it is ensured that the underside of the shovel blade slides along at approximately the same distance from the shovel base in all pivoted positions despite the guide points placed at a high level compared wlth the prior art, the guide points run along an arc section provided with an appropriate radius.
Preferably allocated to each guide point is a guide lever which, with one end, is pivotably mounted on a ~ournal connected to the respective side face of the shovel and, at the other end, is rotatably allocated to a fixed pivot on the corresponding shovel side wall. In this arrangement, the distance between the journals on the shovel blade and the pivots on the shovel side walls is selected in such a way that the guide points can travel ' .
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- 2a -over a path, having an appropriate radiu~, along a circular arc during the pivoting of the ~hovel blade, . . . . . . .
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The shovel blade is preferably mounted in such a way that its bottom edge, when moving from the front to the rear, is guided in parallel with and at a slight distance from the shovel base. Hydraulic cylinders preferably, which can be operated from the vehicle control lever, are provided in order to perform this movement. It is thereby possible, when levelling (in the reverse direction) to discharge material located in the shovel by pivoting a shovel blade in order to smooth out any gaps (holes, rifts).
The shovel side parts are extended past the rear edge of the shovel base in order to prevent material from escaping sideways.
According to an alternative embodiment of the shovel, the guide points are arranged in the upper area of the shovel side parts, namely approximately in the center of the same, and the lower half of the shovel blade, which mainly comes in contact with sand, i8 free of sliding parts subject to possible wear. Furthermore, 80 that it is ensured that the underside of the shovel blade slides along at approximately the same distance from the shovel base in all pivoted positions despite the guide points placed at a high level compared wlth the prior art, the guide points run along an arc section provided with an appropriate radius.
Preferably allocated to each guide point is a guide lever which, with one end, is pivotably mounted on a ~ournal connected to the respective side face of the shovel and, at the other end, is rotatably allocated to a fixed pivot on the corresponding shovel side wall. In this arrangement, the distance between the journals on the shovel blade and the pivots on the shovel side walls is selected in such a way that the guide points can travel ' .
": -1331~91 .
- 2a -over a path, having an appropriate radiu~, along a circular arc during the pivoting of the ~hovel blade, . . . . . . .
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and the bottom edge of the shovel blade is thereby always moved along on the flat shovel base.
Alternatively, it is conceivable to guide one ~ournal each at opposite ~ide walls of the shovel blade S in circular-arc-shaped elongated holes, provided with an appropriate radius, in the shovel side walls. This also ensures that the bottom edge of the shovel blade is guided parallel to the flat shovel base.
Finally, the shovels of all exemplary ~m~odi_ ments, according to a preferred further development, have an implement carrier with which the shovel body is connected to the shovel blade in such a way that it can be tilted. The shovel body plus the shovel blade, with regard to an upright or inclined transverse plane, can conveniently be tilted relative to the implement carrier about a perpendicular (center) rotational axis of the transverse plane. In this way, the shovel body plus the shovel blade can be tilted in such a way that the shovel base can be swung relative to the vehicle (wheeled loader bulldozer etc.) transversely to the trimming direction to form a sloping subgrade relative to the earth to be trimmed.
To ad~ust the shovel base or the entire leveling shovel relative to the implement carrier, hydraulic unit~
are likewise provided which can be operated by remote control. So that the position of the leveling shovel relative to the surroundings can now be exactly defined, direction-finding surfaces are preferably provided on both side parts, which direction-finding surfaces have beams directed towards them from a laser device (known per se) in order to make possible exact guidance. The ! ' operator, by visual control, can now keep the leveling shovel exactly in the desired position by actuating the hydraulic control units normally present.
In a particularly preferred em~odiment of the invention, the direction-finding surfaces are equipped with photosensors which detect at least the horizontal po~ition of a laser beam spot on the direction-finding surfaces.
~.
~331091 _ 4 _ The result of this recognition is either ind-icated to the operator by indicating means 80 that he can control the shovel manually, or else the output signals --from the photodetectors serve to automatically regulate S the appropriate hydraulic control members of the vehicle.
In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the vertical ad~ustment (together with the inclination ad~ustment) of the leveling shovel is performed via the inclination cylinders, that is, control units, which are ~ -attached to the leveling shovel itself. The controller device is also preferably attached to the leveling ;~
shovel. This re~ults in a unit which can also carry out -the automatic positioning only required during leveling.
The leveling shovel, thus equipped, according to the ; ~--invention can therefore be attached to any conventional corresponding construction vehicle. - `
The leveling shovel is advantageously designed - s~ -with a relatively large width 80 that its ends pro~ect laterally beyond the vehicle. This ensures that track marks will certainly not remain in the subgrade and the --laser positioning is also possible without impediments.
Preferred embodiments of the invention are described in greater detail below with reference to ~.
illustrations, in whichs .--~
Fig. 1 sh ~ a perspective view of a first e diment of a leveling shovel, ---`~ Fig 2 Jhows a front view in the direction of arrow II in Fig. 3 ~hows a section along line III-III in Fig. 1, ;~
Fig. 4 shows a schematic representation of the controller unit with a partial view of the leveling shovel, Fig. 5 shows a perspective representation of one half of -~- a ~econd exemplary embodiment of the leveling shovel, Fig. 6 shows a side view of the leveling shovel according ~;~ 35 to Fig. S, Fig. 7 show~ a partly sectioned rear view of the leveling hov l according to Fig~. 5 and 6, -~
3'`, Fig. a ~how a third exemplary embodiment of the leveling `
,~ ~hovel in a partial perspective view in accordance with ~
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Fig. S, and Fig. 9 shows a side view of the leveling shovel according to Fig. 8.
The leveling shovels shown here are used for attaching to a construction vehicle (not shown), for example a wheeled loader, a bulldozer, a fork-lift truck or the like. The leveling shovels are suitable in part-icular for trLmming a subgrade for pavements, but can also be used like conventional leveling shovels for earth moving, loading and similar work.
Reference is made to Figs. 1 to 3 for the des-cription below.
The leveling shovel 10 comprises a shovel base lS to which the bottom edge~ of two ~hovel side parts 17 are welded. The shovel base lS is embodied as a hollow construction (see Fig. 3) and is provided at its front edge and at its rear edge with trimming edges 16 and 27 respectively of solid material.
The side parts 17 have extensions 18 which pro~ect to the rear beyond the rear edge 16. These extensions 18 serve to keep trimmed material inside the leveling shovel 10 so that a subgrade strip already worked is no longer destroyed.
The side parts 17 are each provided at the top with a vertical elongated hole 11 and near to the base 15 with a horizontal elongated hole 12 essentially parallel to the base 15. A shovel blade 19 is held in the elon~
gated holes 11 and 12 via top and bottom guide pins 13 and 14 respectively which are w~lded to the shovel blade 19 ln such a way as to pro~ect sideways from the latter.
This type of guidance ensures that the bottom margin 22 of the shovel blade 19, when pivoting, is guided essen-tially parallel to the shovel base lS (and at a slight distance from the latter).
To pivot the shovel blade 19, it is fixed at the sides to pivoting arms 20 which pro~ect up above the pivot (essentially at the level of the elongated holes 11). To increase the stability, the shovel blade 19 is provided at its upper end with a stiffening 21 (square 1331~9~
hollow section) which runs between the two pivoting arms 20 and is welded to them.
To pivot the shovel blade 19, pivoting cylinders 23 are provided which are fixed via mountingq 26 to the side parts 17 in such a way as to be pivotable in the vertical plane in the direction of arrow B (Fig. 3). The push rods 24 of the pivoting cylinders 23, with their fulcra 25, are fixed to the upper ends of the pivoting arms 20. If the push rods 24 are now extended by approp-riate pressurizing with a pres-qure medium, the shovel blade 19 pivots to the rear in the direction of the rear edge 16. If the push rods 24 are retracted, the blade 19 pivots in the direction of the front edge 27. By a pivoting movement of this type, the trimming operation can be started with a certain shovel filling (the shovel blade 19 i8 initially swung forward), and, if there is a hole to be filled, the shovel blade 19 can be displaced to the rear so that material located in the ~hovel, on the base 15, is discharged to fill the hole.
In order to further strengthen the entire arran-gement, the side parts 17, relatively far above at their front sides, are connected via a brace 35 so that a compact frame, formed of side parts 17, base 15 and brace 35, is formed.
An implement carrier 31 serve~i to attach the leveling shovel 10 to a vehicle. Thi~ implement carrier 31 is mounted in a floating manner on the ~ide parts 17, and in fact via elongated holes 33 in the implement carrier 31 and bolts 32 which protrude through the elongated hole~ 33 and are held via head~. The bolts 32 are connected via a plate 49 to the ~ide walls 17.
Furthermore, guide plates 34 are attached to the side walls 17 in such a way as to pro~ect perpendicularly from the latter, the arrangement being made in such a way that the platQ-shaped implement carrier 31 qits between the plate 49 and the guide plate~ 34 and can thus be di~-placed (floating mounting).
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~331~91 ~, , Hydraulic cylinders 28 are provided on both sides in order to displace the leveling shovel lO relative to the Lmplement carrier 31, which hydraulic cylinder~ 28 are fixed on one side via lower fulcra 36 to lower side 5 part mountings 37, which protrude inwards from the side part~ 17, and on the other side are fixed to upper fulcrum points 30 on the implement carrier 31. The arrangement of the fulcra 30 and 36 is here made in such a way that the hydraulic cylinders 28 are inclined toward one another. If the hydraulic cylinders 28 are now actuated in such a way that, for example, the push rod 29 on the right in Fig. 1 is extended, while the left hand hydraulic cylinder (not visible in Fig. 1) remains unchanged, the side part 17 i8 lowered relative to the implement carrier 31 so that an angle tapering to the left results between the horizontal (implement carrier 31) and the trimming edge 16. If both hydraulic or inclination cylinders 28 are actuated at the same time and in the same direction, the leveling shovel 10 is lifted or lowered relative to the implement carrier 31.
An exact control of the arrang _ nt relative to the implement carrier 31 is thereby possible 80 that the accuracy of the control of the relevant vehicle to which the arrangement is attached is not 80 important.
A further preferred embodiment of the invention is de~cribed in greater detail below with reference to Fig. 4.
Here, a direction-finding surface 42 is attached to e~ch of the side faces 17. The beam of a laser which is to predetermine the direction of the leveling plane is now directed toward this direction-finding surface 42 during leveling. Since direction-finding surface~ 42 of this type are provided on both sides of the leveling shovel 10, the plane is clearly defined. The light spot of the laser beam appearing on the direction-finding 8urface 42 can now be obser~ed, 80 that the operator, by appropriate manipulation of the hydraulic controls, is able to guide the leveling shovel in the desired manner.
However, the direction-finding surface 42 is preferably equipped with photoelectric sensor~ in ~uch a way that at least the vertical po~ition of the leveling ~hovel 10 relative to the laser beam appears as a signal at the signal outputs 43, 44 of the direction-finding surface 42. Thi~ ~ignal can then be indicated to the operator via indicating instruments 48 so that appropriate follow-up via the control of the hydraulic members ii~ possible.
However, the output signal~ from the photosensi-tive receivers on the direction-finding surface 42 are preferably fed via the ~ignal output~ 43, 44 to a con-troller unit 45 in which they are compared with one another. The comparison i8 made in such a way that the output value 0 ~no deviation) is applied to the output lines 46, 47 of the controller unit 45 when the light spot of the laser beam is in the center of the direction-finding surface 42 on both sides. In the event of a deviation - if, for example, the laser beam on both sides shifts into the upper half of the direction-finding surfaces 42, that is, the leveling shovel 10 is too low -the controller unit 45 controls valves 40, 41 in thepressure-medium lines 38, 39 for the inclination cyli-nders 28 in such a way that the shovel 10 is lifted relative to the implement carrier 31. In the event of a symmetric deviation (same deviation on the right hand direction-finding disk as on the left hand position-finding disk), both inclination cylinders 28 are then equally pressurized. Accordingly, if a deviation in inclination occurs, only one of the inclination cylinders is appropriately controlled.
In this way, it is possible to effect an exact, automatic correction or follow-up of the leveling shovel 10 80 that an exact subgrade results even over greater distances. It is of course also possible (and also provided in a further preferred embodiment not shown here) to have the controller unit 45 act on the corres-ponding hydraulic units of the coupled vehicle, but the preferred embodiment of the invention shown in Fig. 4 is advantageous insofar as the leveling shovel 10 can be . . . .
' ' ~' ' ~31091 g coupied to any machine and permits the automatic follow-up described without having to intervene in the control of the vehicle, which, facultatively, is also to be used for other purposes.
In a further preferred embodiment (not shown here) of the invention there is provided, in addition to the control circuit shown in Fig. 4, an overriding control circuit which senses the hydraulic units of the vehicle and performi3 a coarse control operation, while the fine control operation is performed by the control circuit shown in Pig. 4.
Reference i8 made to Figs. 5 to 9 below.
The leveling shovel 50 is composed of the imple-ment carrier 75, which can be coupled to corresponding lifting arms of the construction vehicle, a shovel blade 56 and a shovel body. The latter hasi a flat shovel base 51 and two upright shovel side walls 52 which are arra-nged on opposite narrow sides of th~ shovel base 51 and pro~ect upward relative to the latter. The shovel base i8 in turn of planar configuration on the underside 53. The upper, free marginal areas 54 of the two ~hovel side walls 52 are connected by a transverse spar 55 running parallel to the shovel base 51, as a result of which the shovel body obtains a frame-like configuration. The shovel blade 56 is mounted between the two shovel side walls 52 about an upper rotational axis 57 running parallel to the transverse spar 55.
In the leveling shovel 50 according to the second exemplary embodim~nt of the invention (Figs. 5 to 7), the shovel blade 56 is mounted between the two shovel ~ide walls 52 on two upper pivot points 58, allocated to the rotational axis 57, and two guide point~ 59 located thereunder. The pivot points 58 and the guide point~ 59 are distributed over the opposite side faces 60 of the shovel blade 56 (Fig. 7). According to the invention, the two guide points 59 are arranged slightly above an (imaginary) horizontal center axis of the shovel blade 56.
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1331~91 , , - 10 --The two pivot points 58 of identical design are each formed by a sliding piece 61 which is roughly in the shape of a parallelepiped, is made of plastic, in parti-cular polytetrafluoroethylene, is rotatable about a (cylindrical) journal 62 projecting laterally relative to the corresponding side face 60 of the shovel blade 56 and has two upright sliding faces 63 which correspond to the opposite upright sides of the sliding piece 61 and are connected to the shovel blade 56. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the arrangement of the sliding faces 63 and the corresponding web 64 is made in such a way that they are connected to the outer side of the respective shovel side wall 52 by surrounding like a frame a corres-ponding rectangular aperture in the shovel side wall 52, and the respective sliding piece 61 plus the shovel blade 56 are movable up and down in this (upright) frame. The upper rotational axis 57 on the shovel blade 56, in whose extension the ~ournals 62 and the sliding pieces 61 are located, accordingly moves up and down (shown by dot-dash line in Fig. 6).
According to the invention, the guide points 59, when the shovel blade 56 pivots from the front edge 65 of the shovel base 51 to the rear edge 56 of the same, move on a curved path, namely a circular path (Fig. 6). In the ~5 exemplary embodiment of the leveling shovel 50 shown, this i8 achieved by a further ~ournal 67, at a distance below the ~ournals 62 for the pivot points 58, being connected in a pro~ecting manner to each side face 60 of the shovel blade 56. Rotatably mounted on each ~ournal 67 is an end of an oblong guide lever 68. The end of the guide lever 68 opposite the ~ournal 67 is rotatably connected to a fixed bearing point, namely a further ~ournal 69 which is fixed to the outer side of the respective shovel side wall 52. In this way, when the ~S ~hovel blade 56 is pivoted from the vertical, the like-wise vertically-directed guide lever 68 (Fig. 6) is pivoted in the opposite direction to the shovel blade 56, as a result of which the vertical distance between the ~ournals 67 and 69 relative to that in the vertical ' :
~3310~1 position of the guide lever 68 is shortened, and the rotational axis 57 plus the sliding pieces 61 in the pivot points 58 travel downward by this amount (position indicated by dot-dash lines in Fig. 6) . The amount of S this vertical displacement corresponds to the shortening of the vertical distance between the rotational axis 57 and the bottom edge 70 of the ~hovel blade 56 in the pivoted ~tate of the same. The bottom edge 70 of the shovel blade 56 i8 thereby guided over the entire pivot-ing area parallel to the flat shovel base 51, and in fact at a slight distance from the same or in light contact therewith.
The above-described kinematics at the guide points 59 are achieved by a certain length of the two guide levers 68 of identical design. This is because the distance between the ~ournals 62 at the rotational axis 57 and the ~ournals 67 located thereunder for forming the guide points 59 corresponds to the distance between the two last-mentioned ~ournals 67 and the ~ournal~ 69 which are arranged in a fixed position on the shovel side walls 52 and are connected by the guide levers 68. `~ - -The guide levers 68 are located outside the shovel body, for they are allocated to the outer sides of the shovel side walls 52 ( Fig . 7) . Accordingly, at the side faces 60 of the shovel blade 56, the ~ournals 67 serving to form the guide point~ 59 pro~ect through a corresponding clearance portion 71 in the shovel side wall 52 allocated to them, 80 that they pro~ect relative to the outer sides of the shovel side walls 52 - like the ~ournalg 69 fixed thereto - 80 that they can be connected by the guide levers 28. The clearance portis~ns 71 are here designed as curved elongated holes whose radius approximately corresponds to the distance between the ~ournalg 67 and the ~ournals 69. In this arrangement, however, the dimensions of the clearance portions 71 are made in such a way that the ~ournals 67 or the bearing bushes, surrounding the ~ournals 67, of the guide levers 68 do not come into contact with the clearance portions 71.
" , ~''~,-- 12 _ The shovel blade 56 is pivoted relative to the shovel body by two double-acting hydraulic cylinder~ 72.
Each hydraulic cylinder 72 is allocated to a shovel wall 52 from the inside. To this end, a free end of each piston rod 73, at a fixed fulcrum 74, ig connected to a corresponding shovel side wall 52, and in fact to an end area of the same on the rear side of the shovel blade 56 pointing toward the implement carrier 75. On the other hand, the ends of the cylinders 76, at a pivot point 77, are connected to the rear side of the shovel blade 56 approximately at the level of the guide points 59. In this way, by the retraction and extension of the hydraulic cylinders 72 firmly fixed to the shovel body, the shovel blade 56 can be pivoted relative to the shovel body toward the front edge 65 or rear edge 66 of the flat shovel base (Fig. 6) .
The implement carrier 75 i8 in turn tiltably connected to the shovel body by the ends of its parallel transverse spars 78 and 79, which are connected to one another by a plurality of transversely directed webs 80, being displaceably mounted in sliding guides 81 and 82 respectively at the opposite shovel side walls 52 on the one hand and the transverse spar 55 for connecting the upper marginal areas of the shQvel side walls 52 on the other hand. The sliding guides 81 and 82 respectively each consist of parallel, upright guide cheeks 83 which are fi~ly connected to the shovel side walls 52 and the transverse spar 55 respectively. Between the guide cheeks 83, the end areas of the transverse spars 78 and 79 respectively of the implement carrier 75 are mounted so as to be movable up and down between sliding plates 84 of plastic, for example polytetrafluoroethylene. Due to this mounting of the implement carrier 75 on the shovel body, it is possible to tilt the latter about a perpendicular center axls 8S relative to the (vertical) plane set by the four sliding guides 81, 82. The shovel base 51 can thereby be swung out of the horizontal transversely to the leveling direction.
,:
.
~31~91 The shovel body plus the shovel blade 56 are again swung relative to the implement carrier 10 by two hydraulic cylinder~ 86. The latter are connected on one side in a roughly upright position at a parallel distance S to the long transverse ~par 78 of the implement carrier 75 and on the other side to the transverse spar 55 on the shovel body, and in fact in an articulated manner. On account of this design, by uniform actuation, but in the opposite direction, of the hydraulic cylinders 86, the shovel body plus the shovel blade 56 can be turned about the center axis 85 relative to the implement carrier 75.
The third exemplary embodiment of the leveling shovel differs from the exemplary embodiment described above by guide point~ 89 of different design (Figs. 8 and 9) . Otherwise, the leveling shovel of thi~ exemplary embodiment corresponds to that of the second exemplary embodiment (Figs. S to 7) 80 that in this respect refer-ence is made to the above explanations.
The guide points 89 are likewise arranged in the area above the center of the ~hovel blade 56. They also have ~ournals 90 which pro~ect relative to the side faces 60 of the shovel blade 56; however, they are not guided on guide levers but merely in a corresponding circular-arc-shaped elongated hole 91 in the respective shovel side wall 52. To this end, the circular-arc-shaped elongated holes 91 are dimensioned in width 80 as to correspond to the diameter of the ~ournals 90 80 that the latter can slide along therein with slight clearance. The circular-arc-shaped elongated holes 91 are arranged in the shovel side walls 52 80 as to be directed with their conve~c sides toward the pivot points 58. The radii of the elongated hole centers 92 of both elongated holes 91, which radii are the same size, correspond to the distan-ces between the ~ournals 90 at the guide points 89 and the ~ournals 62 at the pivot points 58. This again ensures that, in any pivoted position of the shovel blade 56, its bottom edge 70 is at a uniform distance from the shovel base 51 or slides along the inside of the same ( Fig8. 8 and 9).
~331091 At their bottom edge, the leveling shovels 50 can :.:
be provided with an interchangeable sliding rail which, -guided from the guide points 59 when the shovel blade 56 i~ swung, slide along the inside of the shovel base 51 at : .
a uniform, slight distance or in light contact. -.
~ :'- ' :'.'''''' ',", '
Alternatively, it is conceivable to guide one ~ournal each at opposite ~ide walls of the shovel blade S in circular-arc-shaped elongated holes, provided with an appropriate radius, in the shovel side walls. This also ensures that the bottom edge of the shovel blade is guided parallel to the flat shovel base.
Finally, the shovels of all exemplary ~m~odi_ ments, according to a preferred further development, have an implement carrier with which the shovel body is connected to the shovel blade in such a way that it can be tilted. The shovel body plus the shovel blade, with regard to an upright or inclined transverse plane, can conveniently be tilted relative to the implement carrier about a perpendicular (center) rotational axis of the transverse plane. In this way, the shovel body plus the shovel blade can be tilted in such a way that the shovel base can be swung relative to the vehicle (wheeled loader bulldozer etc.) transversely to the trimming direction to form a sloping subgrade relative to the earth to be trimmed.
To ad~ust the shovel base or the entire leveling shovel relative to the implement carrier, hydraulic unit~
are likewise provided which can be operated by remote control. So that the position of the leveling shovel relative to the surroundings can now be exactly defined, direction-finding surfaces are preferably provided on both side parts, which direction-finding surfaces have beams directed towards them from a laser device (known per se) in order to make possible exact guidance. The ! ' operator, by visual control, can now keep the leveling shovel exactly in the desired position by actuating the hydraulic control units normally present.
In a particularly preferred em~odiment of the invention, the direction-finding surfaces are equipped with photosensors which detect at least the horizontal po~ition of a laser beam spot on the direction-finding surfaces.
~.
~331091 _ 4 _ The result of this recognition is either ind-icated to the operator by indicating means 80 that he can control the shovel manually, or else the output signals --from the photodetectors serve to automatically regulate S the appropriate hydraulic control members of the vehicle.
In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the vertical ad~ustment (together with the inclination ad~ustment) of the leveling shovel is performed via the inclination cylinders, that is, control units, which are ~ -attached to the leveling shovel itself. The controller device is also preferably attached to the leveling ;~
shovel. This re~ults in a unit which can also carry out -the automatic positioning only required during leveling.
The leveling shovel, thus equipped, according to the ; ~--invention can therefore be attached to any conventional corresponding construction vehicle. - `
The leveling shovel is advantageously designed - s~ -with a relatively large width 80 that its ends pro~ect laterally beyond the vehicle. This ensures that track marks will certainly not remain in the subgrade and the --laser positioning is also possible without impediments.
Preferred embodiments of the invention are described in greater detail below with reference to ~.
illustrations, in whichs .--~
Fig. 1 sh ~ a perspective view of a first e diment of a leveling shovel, ---`~ Fig 2 Jhows a front view in the direction of arrow II in Fig. 3 ~hows a section along line III-III in Fig. 1, ;~
Fig. 4 shows a schematic representation of the controller unit with a partial view of the leveling shovel, Fig. 5 shows a perspective representation of one half of -~- a ~econd exemplary embodiment of the leveling shovel, Fig. 6 shows a side view of the leveling shovel according ~;~ 35 to Fig. S, Fig. 7 show~ a partly sectioned rear view of the leveling hov l according to Fig~. 5 and 6, -~
3'`, Fig. a ~how a third exemplary embodiment of the leveling `
,~ ~hovel in a partial perspective view in accordance with ~
~,, , , ~. . .. ,, . . ::
1331~9~
Fig. S, and Fig. 9 shows a side view of the leveling shovel according to Fig. 8.
The leveling shovels shown here are used for attaching to a construction vehicle (not shown), for example a wheeled loader, a bulldozer, a fork-lift truck or the like. The leveling shovels are suitable in part-icular for trLmming a subgrade for pavements, but can also be used like conventional leveling shovels for earth moving, loading and similar work.
Reference is made to Figs. 1 to 3 for the des-cription below.
The leveling shovel 10 comprises a shovel base lS to which the bottom edge~ of two ~hovel side parts 17 are welded. The shovel base lS is embodied as a hollow construction (see Fig. 3) and is provided at its front edge and at its rear edge with trimming edges 16 and 27 respectively of solid material.
The side parts 17 have extensions 18 which pro~ect to the rear beyond the rear edge 16. These extensions 18 serve to keep trimmed material inside the leveling shovel 10 so that a subgrade strip already worked is no longer destroyed.
The side parts 17 are each provided at the top with a vertical elongated hole 11 and near to the base 15 with a horizontal elongated hole 12 essentially parallel to the base 15. A shovel blade 19 is held in the elon~
gated holes 11 and 12 via top and bottom guide pins 13 and 14 respectively which are w~lded to the shovel blade 19 ln such a way as to pro~ect sideways from the latter.
This type of guidance ensures that the bottom margin 22 of the shovel blade 19, when pivoting, is guided essen-tially parallel to the shovel base lS (and at a slight distance from the latter).
To pivot the shovel blade 19, it is fixed at the sides to pivoting arms 20 which pro~ect up above the pivot (essentially at the level of the elongated holes 11). To increase the stability, the shovel blade 19 is provided at its upper end with a stiffening 21 (square 1331~9~
hollow section) which runs between the two pivoting arms 20 and is welded to them.
To pivot the shovel blade 19, pivoting cylinders 23 are provided which are fixed via mountingq 26 to the side parts 17 in such a way as to be pivotable in the vertical plane in the direction of arrow B (Fig. 3). The push rods 24 of the pivoting cylinders 23, with their fulcra 25, are fixed to the upper ends of the pivoting arms 20. If the push rods 24 are now extended by approp-riate pressurizing with a pres-qure medium, the shovel blade 19 pivots to the rear in the direction of the rear edge 16. If the push rods 24 are retracted, the blade 19 pivots in the direction of the front edge 27. By a pivoting movement of this type, the trimming operation can be started with a certain shovel filling (the shovel blade 19 i8 initially swung forward), and, if there is a hole to be filled, the shovel blade 19 can be displaced to the rear so that material located in the ~hovel, on the base 15, is discharged to fill the hole.
In order to further strengthen the entire arran-gement, the side parts 17, relatively far above at their front sides, are connected via a brace 35 so that a compact frame, formed of side parts 17, base 15 and brace 35, is formed.
An implement carrier 31 serve~i to attach the leveling shovel 10 to a vehicle. Thi~ implement carrier 31 is mounted in a floating manner on the ~ide parts 17, and in fact via elongated holes 33 in the implement carrier 31 and bolts 32 which protrude through the elongated hole~ 33 and are held via head~. The bolts 32 are connected via a plate 49 to the ~ide walls 17.
Furthermore, guide plates 34 are attached to the side walls 17 in such a way as to pro~ect perpendicularly from the latter, the arrangement being made in such a way that the platQ-shaped implement carrier 31 qits between the plate 49 and the guide plate~ 34 and can thus be di~-placed (floating mounting).
' '`'.':'"'''', ''~
:: :~',."'' :.
.~,: '- ''.' ~.
~331~91 ~, , Hydraulic cylinders 28 are provided on both sides in order to displace the leveling shovel lO relative to the Lmplement carrier 31, which hydraulic cylinder~ 28 are fixed on one side via lower fulcra 36 to lower side 5 part mountings 37, which protrude inwards from the side part~ 17, and on the other side are fixed to upper fulcrum points 30 on the implement carrier 31. The arrangement of the fulcra 30 and 36 is here made in such a way that the hydraulic cylinders 28 are inclined toward one another. If the hydraulic cylinders 28 are now actuated in such a way that, for example, the push rod 29 on the right in Fig. 1 is extended, while the left hand hydraulic cylinder (not visible in Fig. 1) remains unchanged, the side part 17 i8 lowered relative to the implement carrier 31 so that an angle tapering to the left results between the horizontal (implement carrier 31) and the trimming edge 16. If both hydraulic or inclination cylinders 28 are actuated at the same time and in the same direction, the leveling shovel 10 is lifted or lowered relative to the implement carrier 31.
An exact control of the arrang _ nt relative to the implement carrier 31 is thereby possible 80 that the accuracy of the control of the relevant vehicle to which the arrangement is attached is not 80 important.
A further preferred embodiment of the invention is de~cribed in greater detail below with reference to Fig. 4.
Here, a direction-finding surface 42 is attached to e~ch of the side faces 17. The beam of a laser which is to predetermine the direction of the leveling plane is now directed toward this direction-finding surface 42 during leveling. Since direction-finding surface~ 42 of this type are provided on both sides of the leveling shovel 10, the plane is clearly defined. The light spot of the laser beam appearing on the direction-finding 8urface 42 can now be obser~ed, 80 that the operator, by appropriate manipulation of the hydraulic controls, is able to guide the leveling shovel in the desired manner.
However, the direction-finding surface 42 is preferably equipped with photoelectric sensor~ in ~uch a way that at least the vertical po~ition of the leveling ~hovel 10 relative to the laser beam appears as a signal at the signal outputs 43, 44 of the direction-finding surface 42. Thi~ ~ignal can then be indicated to the operator via indicating instruments 48 so that appropriate follow-up via the control of the hydraulic members ii~ possible.
However, the output signal~ from the photosensi-tive receivers on the direction-finding surface 42 are preferably fed via the ~ignal output~ 43, 44 to a con-troller unit 45 in which they are compared with one another. The comparison i8 made in such a way that the output value 0 ~no deviation) is applied to the output lines 46, 47 of the controller unit 45 when the light spot of the laser beam is in the center of the direction-finding surface 42 on both sides. In the event of a deviation - if, for example, the laser beam on both sides shifts into the upper half of the direction-finding surfaces 42, that is, the leveling shovel 10 is too low -the controller unit 45 controls valves 40, 41 in thepressure-medium lines 38, 39 for the inclination cyli-nders 28 in such a way that the shovel 10 is lifted relative to the implement carrier 31. In the event of a symmetric deviation (same deviation on the right hand direction-finding disk as on the left hand position-finding disk), both inclination cylinders 28 are then equally pressurized. Accordingly, if a deviation in inclination occurs, only one of the inclination cylinders is appropriately controlled.
In this way, it is possible to effect an exact, automatic correction or follow-up of the leveling shovel 10 80 that an exact subgrade results even over greater distances. It is of course also possible (and also provided in a further preferred embodiment not shown here) to have the controller unit 45 act on the corres-ponding hydraulic units of the coupled vehicle, but the preferred embodiment of the invention shown in Fig. 4 is advantageous insofar as the leveling shovel 10 can be . . . .
' ' ~' ' ~31091 g coupied to any machine and permits the automatic follow-up described without having to intervene in the control of the vehicle, which, facultatively, is also to be used for other purposes.
In a further preferred embodiment (not shown here) of the invention there is provided, in addition to the control circuit shown in Fig. 4, an overriding control circuit which senses the hydraulic units of the vehicle and performi3 a coarse control operation, while the fine control operation is performed by the control circuit shown in Pig. 4.
Reference i8 made to Figs. 5 to 9 below.
The leveling shovel 50 is composed of the imple-ment carrier 75, which can be coupled to corresponding lifting arms of the construction vehicle, a shovel blade 56 and a shovel body. The latter hasi a flat shovel base 51 and two upright shovel side walls 52 which are arra-nged on opposite narrow sides of th~ shovel base 51 and pro~ect upward relative to the latter. The shovel base i8 in turn of planar configuration on the underside 53. The upper, free marginal areas 54 of the two ~hovel side walls 52 are connected by a transverse spar 55 running parallel to the shovel base 51, as a result of which the shovel body obtains a frame-like configuration. The shovel blade 56 is mounted between the two shovel side walls 52 about an upper rotational axis 57 running parallel to the transverse spar 55.
In the leveling shovel 50 according to the second exemplary embodim~nt of the invention (Figs. 5 to 7), the shovel blade 56 is mounted between the two shovel ~ide walls 52 on two upper pivot points 58, allocated to the rotational axis 57, and two guide point~ 59 located thereunder. The pivot points 58 and the guide point~ 59 are distributed over the opposite side faces 60 of the shovel blade 56 (Fig. 7). According to the invention, the two guide points 59 are arranged slightly above an (imaginary) horizontal center axis of the shovel blade 56.
:
-. .
1331~91 , , - 10 --The two pivot points 58 of identical design are each formed by a sliding piece 61 which is roughly in the shape of a parallelepiped, is made of plastic, in parti-cular polytetrafluoroethylene, is rotatable about a (cylindrical) journal 62 projecting laterally relative to the corresponding side face 60 of the shovel blade 56 and has two upright sliding faces 63 which correspond to the opposite upright sides of the sliding piece 61 and are connected to the shovel blade 56. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the arrangement of the sliding faces 63 and the corresponding web 64 is made in such a way that they are connected to the outer side of the respective shovel side wall 52 by surrounding like a frame a corres-ponding rectangular aperture in the shovel side wall 52, and the respective sliding piece 61 plus the shovel blade 56 are movable up and down in this (upright) frame. The upper rotational axis 57 on the shovel blade 56, in whose extension the ~ournals 62 and the sliding pieces 61 are located, accordingly moves up and down (shown by dot-dash line in Fig. 6).
According to the invention, the guide points 59, when the shovel blade 56 pivots from the front edge 65 of the shovel base 51 to the rear edge 56 of the same, move on a curved path, namely a circular path (Fig. 6). In the ~5 exemplary embodiment of the leveling shovel 50 shown, this i8 achieved by a further ~ournal 67, at a distance below the ~ournals 62 for the pivot points 58, being connected in a pro~ecting manner to each side face 60 of the shovel blade 56. Rotatably mounted on each ~ournal 67 is an end of an oblong guide lever 68. The end of the guide lever 68 opposite the ~ournal 67 is rotatably connected to a fixed bearing point, namely a further ~ournal 69 which is fixed to the outer side of the respective shovel side wall 52. In this way, when the ~S ~hovel blade 56 is pivoted from the vertical, the like-wise vertically-directed guide lever 68 (Fig. 6) is pivoted in the opposite direction to the shovel blade 56, as a result of which the vertical distance between the ~ournals 67 and 69 relative to that in the vertical ' :
~3310~1 position of the guide lever 68 is shortened, and the rotational axis 57 plus the sliding pieces 61 in the pivot points 58 travel downward by this amount (position indicated by dot-dash lines in Fig. 6) . The amount of S this vertical displacement corresponds to the shortening of the vertical distance between the rotational axis 57 and the bottom edge 70 of the ~hovel blade 56 in the pivoted ~tate of the same. The bottom edge 70 of the shovel blade 56 i8 thereby guided over the entire pivot-ing area parallel to the flat shovel base 51, and in fact at a slight distance from the same or in light contact therewith.
The above-described kinematics at the guide points 59 are achieved by a certain length of the two guide levers 68 of identical design. This is because the distance between the ~ournals 62 at the rotational axis 57 and the ~ournals 67 located thereunder for forming the guide points 59 corresponds to the distance between the two last-mentioned ~ournals 67 and the ~ournal~ 69 which are arranged in a fixed position on the shovel side walls 52 and are connected by the guide levers 68. `~ - -The guide levers 68 are located outside the shovel body, for they are allocated to the outer sides of the shovel side walls 52 ( Fig . 7) . Accordingly, at the side faces 60 of the shovel blade 56, the ~ournals 67 serving to form the guide point~ 59 pro~ect through a corresponding clearance portion 71 in the shovel side wall 52 allocated to them, 80 that they pro~ect relative to the outer sides of the shovel side walls 52 - like the ~ournalg 69 fixed thereto - 80 that they can be connected by the guide levers 28. The clearance portis~ns 71 are here designed as curved elongated holes whose radius approximately corresponds to the distance between the ~ournalg 67 and the ~ournals 69. In this arrangement, however, the dimensions of the clearance portions 71 are made in such a way that the ~ournals 67 or the bearing bushes, surrounding the ~ournals 67, of the guide levers 68 do not come into contact with the clearance portions 71.
" , ~''~,-- 12 _ The shovel blade 56 is pivoted relative to the shovel body by two double-acting hydraulic cylinder~ 72.
Each hydraulic cylinder 72 is allocated to a shovel wall 52 from the inside. To this end, a free end of each piston rod 73, at a fixed fulcrum 74, ig connected to a corresponding shovel side wall 52, and in fact to an end area of the same on the rear side of the shovel blade 56 pointing toward the implement carrier 75. On the other hand, the ends of the cylinders 76, at a pivot point 77, are connected to the rear side of the shovel blade 56 approximately at the level of the guide points 59. In this way, by the retraction and extension of the hydraulic cylinders 72 firmly fixed to the shovel body, the shovel blade 56 can be pivoted relative to the shovel body toward the front edge 65 or rear edge 66 of the flat shovel base (Fig. 6) .
The implement carrier 75 i8 in turn tiltably connected to the shovel body by the ends of its parallel transverse spars 78 and 79, which are connected to one another by a plurality of transversely directed webs 80, being displaceably mounted in sliding guides 81 and 82 respectively at the opposite shovel side walls 52 on the one hand and the transverse spar 55 for connecting the upper marginal areas of the shQvel side walls 52 on the other hand. The sliding guides 81 and 82 respectively each consist of parallel, upright guide cheeks 83 which are fi~ly connected to the shovel side walls 52 and the transverse spar 55 respectively. Between the guide cheeks 83, the end areas of the transverse spars 78 and 79 respectively of the implement carrier 75 are mounted so as to be movable up and down between sliding plates 84 of plastic, for example polytetrafluoroethylene. Due to this mounting of the implement carrier 75 on the shovel body, it is possible to tilt the latter about a perpendicular center axls 8S relative to the (vertical) plane set by the four sliding guides 81, 82. The shovel base 51 can thereby be swung out of the horizontal transversely to the leveling direction.
,:
.
~31~91 The shovel body plus the shovel blade 56 are again swung relative to the implement carrier 10 by two hydraulic cylinder~ 86. The latter are connected on one side in a roughly upright position at a parallel distance S to the long transverse ~par 78 of the implement carrier 75 and on the other side to the transverse spar 55 on the shovel body, and in fact in an articulated manner. On account of this design, by uniform actuation, but in the opposite direction, of the hydraulic cylinders 86, the shovel body plus the shovel blade 56 can be turned about the center axis 85 relative to the implement carrier 75.
The third exemplary embodiment of the leveling shovel differs from the exemplary embodiment described above by guide point~ 89 of different design (Figs. 8 and 9) . Otherwise, the leveling shovel of thi~ exemplary embodiment corresponds to that of the second exemplary embodiment (Figs. S to 7) 80 that in this respect refer-ence is made to the above explanations.
The guide points 89 are likewise arranged in the area above the center of the ~hovel blade 56. They also have ~ournals 90 which pro~ect relative to the side faces 60 of the shovel blade 56; however, they are not guided on guide levers but merely in a corresponding circular-arc-shaped elongated hole 91 in the respective shovel side wall 52. To this end, the circular-arc-shaped elongated holes 91 are dimensioned in width 80 as to correspond to the diameter of the ~ournals 90 80 that the latter can slide along therein with slight clearance. The circular-arc-shaped elongated holes 91 are arranged in the shovel side walls 52 80 as to be directed with their conve~c sides toward the pivot points 58. The radii of the elongated hole centers 92 of both elongated holes 91, which radii are the same size, correspond to the distan-ces between the ~ournals 90 at the guide points 89 and the ~ournals 62 at the pivot points 58. This again ensures that, in any pivoted position of the shovel blade 56, its bottom edge 70 is at a uniform distance from the shovel base 51 or slides along the inside of the same ( Fig8. 8 and 9).
~331091 At their bottom edge, the leveling shovels 50 can :.:
be provided with an interchangeable sliding rail which, -guided from the guide points 59 when the shovel blade 56 i~ swung, slide along the inside of the shovel base 51 at : .
a uniform, slight distance or in light contact. -.
~ :'- ' :'.'''''' ',", '
Claims (30)
1. A levelling shovel with an implement carrier for attachment to a vehicle, comprising a shovel blade which is essentially perpendicular to the traveling or levelling direction, a plane shovel base adjacent to the shovel blade, and shovel side parts attached to the shovel base, wherein the shovel blade is disposed between the shovel side parts with opposite sides of the shovel blade adjacent to the shovel side parts, the shovel blade being pivotally mounted to the shovel side parts about a pivot axis for back and forth movement of the shovel blade in a direction between front and rear edges of the shovel base, said pivot axis being movable upwardly and downwardly relative to the shovel side parts, and the shovel blade having guide point coupled to the shovel side parts for restraining a bottom edge of the shovel blade to move essentially parallel to the plane shovel base during pivotal movement of the shovel blade.
2. The shovel as claimed in claim 1, wherein the shovel blade is carried on mountings in such a way that, when the shovel blade is moved, its bottom edge is guided essentially parallel to the shovel base.
3. The shovel according to claim 2, wherein the mountings comprise guide pins which are attached above one another to the shovel blade, and which are displaceably held in respective elongated holes located in the shovel side parts, the elongated holes comprising first holes arranged on the shovel side parts and extending essentially parallel to the shovel base and above these first elongated holes being arranged further elongated holes which extend essentially vertically.
4. The shovel as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein means comprising pivoting cylinders, are provided in order to displace the shovel blade by remote control.
5. The shovel as claimed in claim 4, wherein the pivoting cylinders are linked on one side to pivoting arms, which are connected to the shovel blade at its margins and project up above its pivot point, and on the other side to the shovel side parts.
6. The shovel as claimed in claim 1, wherein the shovel side parts are extended beyond the rear edge of the shovel base.
7. The shovel as claimed in claim 1, wherein the shovel side parts are connected via the shovel base to form a robust frame.
8. The shovel as claimed in claim 1, comprising an implement carrier relative to which at least the shovel base is movable.
9. The shovel as claimed in claim 8, wherein the two longitudinal margins of the shovel base are movable essentially independently of one another relative to the implement carrier so that the shovel base can be tilted relative to the implement carrier.
10. The shovel as claimed in claim 9, wherein means comprising inclination cylinders are provided in order to displace the shovel base by remote control.
11. The shovel as claimed in claim 10, wherein the inclination cylinders are attached on one side to the implement carrier and on the other side to the side parts or side-part mountings projecting from the latter.
12. The shovel as claimed in claim 11, wherein the inclination cylinders run obliquely diverging from top to bottom.
13. The shovel as claimed in claim 11 or 12, wherein the side parts are mounted in a floating manner on the implement carrier via guide means comprising bolts, vertical elongated holes, and guide plates.
14. The shovel as claimed in claim 3, wherein at least one direction-finding surface for predetermining the direction by laser beams is attached to the side faces.
15. The shovel is claimed in claim 14, wherein the direction-finding surface or surfaces are equipped with sensors which detect at least the horizontal position of a laser beam spot on the direction-finding surface or surfaces.
16. The shovel as claimed in claim 15, wherein the signal outputs of the direction-finding surface or surfaces are connected to the input of a controller whose output lines are in controlling connection with control valves which control the pressure-medium lines of the inclination cylinders, the controller being designed in such a way that deviations of the laser beam spot on the direction-finding surface or surfaces from a predetermined nominal value comprising a center point of the direction-finding surface or surfaces are compensated by actuating the inclination cylinders.
17. The shovel as claimed in either claims 15 or 16, wherein indicating means are connected to the sensors of the direction-finding surface or surfaces, which indicating means indicate to an operator the position of the laser beams spots on the direction-finding surface or surfaces.
18. The shovel as claimed in claim 1, wherein guide points are arranged in an upper area of the shovel blade and are guided along an arc section in such a way that, over the entire pivoting area of the shovel blade, a bottom edge of the same moves essentially parallel to the flat shovel base.
19. The shovel as claimed in claim 18, wherein the guide points are arranged in the area of a center third of the shovel blade, a guide point preferably being allocated to each side face of the shovel blade.
20. The shovel as claimed in claim 18 or 19, wherein each guide point is formed by a journal which projects relative to the corresponding side face of the shovel blade and, to guide the shovel blade during pivoting of the same, protrudes into one circular-arc-shaped elongated hole each in the corresponding shovel side walls and is guided in the latter.
21. The shovel as claimed in claim 18 or 19, wherein each guide point has a journal which projects relative to the corresponding side face of the shovel blade on which one end of a guide lever is pivotably linked, while the opposite end of the guide lever is pivotably mounted about a fixed pivot comprising a journal arranged on a corresponding side face of the respective shovel side part.
22. The shovel as claimed in claim 21, wherein the guide levers on the side faces of the shovel blade are located on opposite outer sides of the respective shovel side walls.
23. The shovel as claimed in claim 22, wherein the journals, to rotatably mount the upper ends of the guide levers, are passed through a corresponding clearance portion in the respective shovel side wall.
24. The shovel as claimed in claim 23, wherein the clearance portions for the journals in the shovel side walls correspond to the pivoting path of the journals.
25. The shovel as claimed in claim 23, wherein the length of the guide levers, relative to the distance between the journals, corresponds to the distance of the pivot points from the guide points between the journals.
26. The shovel as claimed in claim 18, wherein the upper pivot points have sliding pieces which are rotatably mounted on the journals and are guided so as to be movable up and down between two parallel, upright sliding faces at the upper margin of the corresponding shovel side wall.
27. The shovel as claimed in claim 18, wherein the shovel blade can be pivoted by preferably two pressure-medium members, each pressure-medium member being firmly linked on one side to the corresponding shovel side wall and being linked on the other side to the shovel blade at about the level of the guide points.
28. The shovel as claimed in claim 18, comprising an implement carrier which can be coupled to the vehicle and relative to which the shovel body and the shovel blade are connected so as to be tiltable in an upright or inclined transverse plane of the implement carrier about a center axis.
29. The shovel as claimed in claim 28, wherein the implement carrier is connected via four sliding guides to the shovel body.
30. The shovel as claimed in claim 28 or 29, wherein the shovel blade and the shovel body can be swung relative to the implement carrier.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEP3918600.8 | 1989-06-07 | ||
| DE3918600A DE3918600A1 (en) | 1989-06-07 | 1989-06-07 | SHOVEL, ESPECIALLY PLANNING SHOVEL |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1331091C true CA1331091C (en) | 1994-08-02 |
Family
ID=6382282
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000610460A Expired - Fee Related CA1331091C (en) | 1989-06-07 | 1989-09-06 | Shovel, in particular a leveling shovel |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0437557B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE105892T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU5923990A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1331091C (en) |
| DD (1) | DD294991A5 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3918600A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK0437557T3 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1990015196A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE9404750U1 (en) * | 1994-03-21 | 1994-06-01 | Hydromak Lehnen Gmbh & Co. Kg, 26203 Wardenburg | Device for producing a formation, in particular for laying paving stones |
| NL2011518C2 (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2015-03-30 | Bos Konstruktie En Machb B V | GROUND TREATMENT DEVICE FOR A VEHICLE. |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2209269A1 (en) * | 1972-02-26 | 1973-09-06 | Erhard Lauster Entwicklungen G | EXCAVATOR SHOVEL |
| US3837516A (en) * | 1972-06-09 | 1974-09-24 | Stumpf I | Loader bucket with ejector |
| US4044843A (en) * | 1976-04-22 | 1977-08-30 | Arnold Emeral Holub | Tractor-mounted scraper |
| FR2448002A1 (en) * | 1979-02-02 | 1980-08-29 | Dorliat Claude | Hydraulic shovel bucket assembly - has articulated ejection backplate and has rotation slightly greater than trench depth |
| DE3626454A1 (en) * | 1986-03-19 | 1987-09-24 | Heinz Langhorst | Levelling shovel for sand |
-
1989
- 1989-06-07 DE DE3918600A patent/DE3918600A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1989-09-06 CA CA000610460A patent/CA1331091C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1990
- 1990-06-05 WO PCT/EP1990/000884 patent/WO1990015196A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1990-06-05 AT AT90909678T patent/ATE105892T1/en active
- 1990-06-05 DK DK90909678.6T patent/DK0437557T3/en active
- 1990-06-05 DE DE59005745T patent/DE59005745D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-06-05 EP EP90909678A patent/EP0437557B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-06-05 AU AU59239/90A patent/AU5923990A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-06-07 DD DD90341405A patent/DD294991A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU5923990A (en) | 1991-01-07 |
| ATE105892T1 (en) | 1994-06-15 |
| EP0437557B1 (en) | 1994-05-18 |
| WO1990015196A1 (en) | 1990-12-13 |
| DD294991A5 (en) | 1991-10-17 |
| DE59005745D1 (en) | 1994-06-23 |
| DK0437557T3 (en) | 1994-09-19 |
| DE3918600A1 (en) | 1990-12-13 |
| EP0437557A1 (en) | 1991-07-24 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKLA | Lapsed |