CA1291379C - Vacuum spinning - Google Patents
Vacuum spinningInfo
- Publication number
- CA1291379C CA1291379C CA000477072A CA477072A CA1291379C CA 1291379 C CA1291379 C CA 1291379C CA 000477072 A CA000477072 A CA 000477072A CA 477072 A CA477072 A CA 477072A CA 1291379 C CA1291379 C CA 1291379C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- shaft
- fibers
- yarn
- vacuum
- perforations
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
- D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
- D02G3/36—Cored or coated yarns or threads
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01H—SPINNING OR TWISTING
- D01H1/00—Spinning or twisting machines in which the product is wound-up continuously
- D01H1/11—Spinning by false-twisting
- D01H1/115—Spinning by false-twisting using pneumatic means
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01H—SPINNING OR TWISTING
- D01H4/00—Open-end spinning machines or arrangements for imparting twist to independently moving fibres separated from slivers; Piecing arrangements therefor; Covering endless core threads with fibres by open-end spinning techniques
- D01H4/02—Open-end spinning machines or arrangements for imparting twist to independently moving fibres separated from slivers; Piecing arrangements therefor; Covering endless core threads with fibres by open-end spinning techniques imparting twist by a fluid, e.g. air vortex
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
- D02G1/16—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics using jets or streams of turbulent gases, e.g. air, steam
- D02G1/161—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics using jets or streams of turbulent gases, e.g. air, steam yarn crimping air jets
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
Abstract
VACUUM SPINNING
ABSTRACT
Vacuum spun yarn may be produced that have strength and properties approaching that of ring spun yarn, and at speeds greatly in excess of production speeds for ring spun yarn. An elongated hollow shaft (15, 150) has a through-extending passageway (153, 154) from a first end to a second end thereof, with a portion of the shaft adjacent the first end perforated (16, 155-157). The perforation slant in the direction of the second end, and a spherical vacuum reservoir (162) is formed in the shaft. A diffuser in the form of a collar (164) having elongated slots (169, 170) corresponding to the perforations surrounds the shaft. The shaft is rotated about an axis at a constant high speed so that free ends of fibers passing through the shaft will draw toward the shaft perforations and be caused to rotate with the shaft as the fibers move linearly along the axis of rotation. A core filament yarn (c), such as a full stretched textured yarn, may be fed into the shaft with the nipped sliver or roving fibers. Yarns may be produced having a spun-like appearance, a loop or Boucle effect, or a yarn having a core with real twists with fibers wrapped about the core to provide surface effects.
ABSTRACT
Vacuum spun yarn may be produced that have strength and properties approaching that of ring spun yarn, and at speeds greatly in excess of production speeds for ring spun yarn. An elongated hollow shaft (15, 150) has a through-extending passageway (153, 154) from a first end to a second end thereof, with a portion of the shaft adjacent the first end perforated (16, 155-157). The perforation slant in the direction of the second end, and a spherical vacuum reservoir (162) is formed in the shaft. A diffuser in the form of a collar (164) having elongated slots (169, 170) corresponding to the perforations surrounds the shaft. The shaft is rotated about an axis at a constant high speed so that free ends of fibers passing through the shaft will draw toward the shaft perforations and be caused to rotate with the shaft as the fibers move linearly along the axis of rotation. A core filament yarn (c), such as a full stretched textured yarn, may be fed into the shaft with the nipped sliver or roving fibers. Yarns may be produced having a spun-like appearance, a loop or Boucle effect, or a yarn having a core with real twists with fibers wrapped about the core to provide surface effects.
Description
BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Conventional spun yarns are normally made by ring spinning or open-end spinning. While such 5 methods produce good guality yarn, there are certain restrictions and complications associated therewith.
For instance open-end spinning systems have rather restrictive limitations as ~o staple length, rotor speeds, twist directions, wrapper fibers, fibers per 10 cross-sectional area, and ~iber bending modulus, ~tiffness, and other properties. According to the present invention, an apparatus and method are provided which seek to eliminate a number of the restrictions associated with open-end spinning, and 15 in general to provide for the production of spun yarn in a simple, uncomplicated manner. The yarns produced according to the present invention have somewhat different appearance and construction characteristics than conventional 4pun yarns, but 20 definitely have a spun appearance.
The basic apparatus according to the present invention comprises a hollow shaft with at least a portion of the entire circumference thereof beinq perforated, and mounted for rotation about an 25 axis coincident with the direction of movement of fib~rs being spun into yarn. The fibers are fed into a first end o~ the hollow shaft, and the produced yarn is withdrawn from the second end of the hollow shaft. The shaft is caused to rotate at 30 high speed, and a vacuum is applied to the exterior of the shaft to supply an attractive force to the free ends of the fibers interior of the shaft. A
vacuum sucks ambient air through a housing interior ,~ ~
~g~
to act upon the interior of the shaft, imparting rotation to fibers within the shaft.
Spun-type yarn produced according to the present invention may be produGed from a wide 5 variety of types of fibers, such as cotton, polyester, rayon, acrylic, wool, mohair, etc., the spinning process not being as dependent upon bending modulus or stiffness of the composite fibers as is conventional open-end spinnin~3. According to the 10 invention, open-end type spun yarn can be formed with fewer fibers per cross-sectional area, and the yarn will have real twist, either "Z" or "S" direc-tion twist. Restrictions on the end u~e of open-end type spun yarn according to the invention would not 15 be comparable to conventional open end spun yarns, but rather would be more comparable to conventional ring spun yarns.
According to one aspect of the method according to the present invention, a spun yarn is 20 produced by the following steps: (a) nipping a sliver or roving so that s~me of the fibers within the fibers or roving have loose ends;
(b) transporting the nipped sliver or rovin~ in a linear direction at a substantially constant 25 linear speed; ~c~ feeding a ~ore filament into the . sliver or roving, after nipping, so that the core filament passes with the nipped sliver or zoving in th~ linear direction; and (d) while transporting the sliver or roving, and core ilament, in said linear direction, 30 rotating loose ends of fibers around the fiber mass, and the core filament, the ends being held substantially linearly stationary during ro~a~ion, to produce the desired:y~rn, with core filament.
The core filament yarn preferably comprises a full 35 stretched textured yarn, and preferably it is acted upon by putting it under tension, dragging it over a ~harp edge of nonconductive material, and releasing the tension to develop crimp.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a method is provided having the same steps (a) and (b1 as set forth above, and including the following additional steps: ~c) inserting a filament having controlled overfeed into association with the nipped sliver or roving while moving in said linear 10 direction, at a selected point; and (d) immediately after selected point, rotatin~ 1005e end~ of fibers o~ the nipped sliver or roving, while the ends are held substantially linearly stationary durin~ rotation, to wrap the fiber ends around other fibers and the 15 ~ilament to produce a spun yarn having loop or Boucle effects.
According to yet another aspect of the present invention, a method is provided having the same steps (a) and ~b) as the embodiments described 20 above, and comprising the further steps of:
(c~ feedin~ a filament yarn into operative association with the nipped sliver and roving as it moves in the linear direction~ while applYinq a force substantially in said linear direction effective to break up to about 20~ of the fibers of the filament yarn; and (d) while transportin~ the sliver or roving in said direction, with free ends and with broken fibers, rotating loose ends of fibers and acting upon broken fibers so that the fiber ends are 30 wrapped around the nipped sliver or roving, and ~he broken fibers interact with the nipped sliver or roving, to produce a yarn having a spun-like appearance.
According to a still ~urther aspect of the 35 present invention, a method of spinning yarn is ~913~9 provided comprising the following steps: ~a) Acting upon a sliver or roving to produce fibers, and so that essential]y all of the fibers are fibers having short staple lengths and free ends. ~b) Transport-ing the fibers in a linear direction A at a substan-tially constant linear speed. And, ~c) while trans-porting the fibers, rotatiny the loose ends to pro-vide a core formed of approximately 20-40% of the fibers, the core having real twist; and approxi-mately 80-60% of the fibers wrapped about the core to provide surface effects, and simulating the appearance of a fully twisted yarn. A yarn produced according to this procedure does realistically simulate the appearance of a fully twisted yarn.
It is the primary object of the present invention to provide for the simple, effective production of spun yarn. This and other objects of the invention will become clear from an inspection 20 of the detailed description of the invention, and from the appended claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIGURE 1 is a side schematic view of an exemplary system for producing vacuum-spun yarn 25 according to the present invention;
FIGURF 2 is a side detail cross-sectional view of an exemplary vacuum spinning device for the ` practice of the invention, the cross-section being taken along lines ~-2 of FIGURE 3;
FIGURE 3 is another cross-sectional view of the apparatus of FIGURE 2, taken alonq lines 3-3 thereof;
~9~379 FIGURE 4 schematically illustrates a conventional ring-spun yarn construction, while FIGURE 5a schematically illustrates a construction of a yarn produced utilizing thç apparatus of FIGVRE
1;
FIGURE 6 is a side schematic showing of exemplary apparatus for producing an open-end type vacuum spun yarn according to the invention, while FIGURE 5b schematically illustrates a construction of a yarn produed utilizing the apparatus of FIGURE
6;
FIGURE 7 is an end view of the collector roll of the apparatus of FIGURE 6;
EIGURE 8a is a side cross-sectional view of another, preferred, embodiment of a vacuum spinning apparatus utilizable in the practice of the method of the present invention; and FIGURE 8b is a side view of the apparatus of FIGURE 8a, shown in : schematic cooperation with the vacuum source and feed rollers;
FIGURE 9 is a schematic view illustrating the apparatus utilizable in the feeding of a core filament yarn so as to produce another variation of yarn in the practice of the present invention;
FIGURE 10 is a side schematic view of another exemplary apparatus for developing crimp in an insert~d core filament yarn before feed of the yarn to the vacuum spinning assembly;
.
:"
, ~:9~79 FIGURE 11 is a front schematic view taken generally along lines 11-11 of FIGURE 10; and FI~URE 12 is a side schematic view of yet another form of exemplary apparatus for practicing 5 another method according to the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF T~E DRAWINGS
Two different embodiments of apparatus for producing vacuum spun yarn according to the pre~ent invention are illustrated in FI~URES 1 and 6, by 10 general re~erence numerals 10 and 12, respectively.
The apparatus 10 produces a yarn similar to conven-tional ring-spun yarn, while the apparatus 12 produces an open-end type spun yarn, which yarn -however - has properties similar to both 15 conventional ring spun and open-end spun yarns. A
major component of each of the systems 10, 12 is the vacuum spinning apparatus 14, which is shown most clearly in FIGURES 2 and 3.
The apparatus 14 comprises as the main 20 component thereof a hollow shaft 15. At least a portion of the entire circumference of the hollow shaft 15 is perforated. Preferably the central portion of the shaft has perforations 16 formed therein. The shaft is mounted for rotation about an 25 axis, that axis being coincident with the linear direction of feed A of fibers to be produced into yarn. The shaft should be dimensioned so that it allows the fibers to pass therethrough, and allows enough air to be drawn through with the fibers to 30 allow proper vacuum-attraction of fibers to the interior surface 17 thereof.
,~"
3~37~
The shaft 15 perforated central portion is encompassed by a housing 19. Rotation of the shaft about its axis may be provided by bearings associated with housing end walls 20, 21, and/or further bearings 22, 23 receiving the ends of shaft 15 extending outwardly from the end walls 20, 21.
The shaft 15 is mounted for free rotation.
A vacuum is applied to the housing 19 interior, to an exterior portion of the shaft 15, so a9 to act upon yarn fibers within the hollow interior of the shaft 15. This is preferably accom-plished by providing a vacuum conduit 27 in opera-tive communication with one portion of the housing 19 interior, and is connected up to a conventional vacuum source 28, such as a vacuum pump. Connected to the interior of the housing opposite the conduit 27 (i.e. on the opposite side of shat lS) is a conduit 29 which is in operative communication with the ambient air, or other source of supply of gas.
Connected to the shaft ~prefer~bly integral therewith) are a plurality of radially extending vanes 31. These vanes 31 extend to a radial point just short of the interior surface of the housing 19. When a vacuum is applied to conduit 27, air is drawn through conduit 29, acts upon the vanes 31 effecting rotation of the shaft 15, and is withdrawn through conduit 27. While this is taking place~ air is also being withdrawn from the interior of shaft 15, and fibers are being attracted to the interior surface 17 of shaft 15. ~or the arrangement illus-trated in FIGURE 3, rotation is in the direction of arrows B, however the structure could be arranged so that rotation were in the opposite direction.
The apparatus 14 provides a simple, effec-tive structure for producing spun yarn. It is 1~9~3''~
simple and easy to maintain, may be easily rotated at hi~h speed, and may be formed of lightweight, durable materials.
Associated with the v~cuum spinning device 5 14 and the apparatus 10 is a draft system, generally indicated by reference numeral 33 in FIGURE 1. A
sliver or roving S from a bin 34 is drawn by feed roll sets 35, 36, 37, and passed through the nip of front feed roll set 38. The nip of the front feed roll set 38 is in-line with the axis of rotation of shaft 15. The draft system 33 acts upon the fibers of the sliver or roving S so that approximately 75-90% of the fibers within the mass are nipped and held tight. The remaining approximately 25-lO~ of the fibers have loose ends.
A set of delivery rolls 40 is mounted on the opposite side of apparatus 14 as the draft system 33, the nip of the roller set 40 also being in alignment with the axis of rotation of shaft 15.
20 The delivery roll set 40 draws the formed yarn Y out from the apparatus 14, and eventually the yarn Y is taken up on conventional take-up roller means 41.
When the fibers are passed into the hollow interior of the shaft 15, free ends of the fibers 25 are attracted to the interior surface 17 by the vacuum while the basic fiber mass i5 being transported in the linear directlon A. Fiber ends attracted to the interior surface 17 are held substantially linearly stationary while they rotate 30 with the shaft 15, and thus such fibers become wrapped around the main fiber mass. ~he shaft 15 is rotated at about 1.5-6.0 rpm/inch of fibers drawn through the shaft in order to provide sufficient wrappiny to provide the desired strength to the yarn 35 Y produced.
~3~ 79 Yarn Y produced according to the invention of FIGURES 1 through 3 is illustrated schematically in FIGURE 5a. This yarn Y can be cornpared to conventional ring-spun yarn illustrated in FIGURE 4, 5 the yarn of FIGURE 4 having al beardy look with actual full diameter twists alround the yarn. Yarn Y
according to the invention, however, includes a central mass 45 with some fibers 46 wrapped therearound in a linear direction, while other 10 fibers 47 have a reverse fold wrap.
If necessary, the yarn Y may be steamed in order to better secure and set the wrapped fibers 4fi, 47. This may be accomplished by passing it through a conventional steaming apparatus 48 prior 15 to being taken up by rollers 41, or steaming may be practiced as an entirely different step after take up .
Fabric produced from yarn Y (55% polyester fibers and 45~ wool fibers) has been found to have 20 very uniform dyeability.
The apparatus 12 of FIGURE 6 includes, in place of the draft system 33 oE apparatus 10, a conventional combing roll assembly 50, and a collec-tor roll assembly 51. The combing roll assembly 50 25 forms individual fibers from the sliver or roving S, and passes them through air throat 52 to the collec-tor roll assembly 51. The collector roll 53 of the collector roll assembly 51 is illustrated more clearly in FIGURE 71 and includes means defining a 30 groove 54 therein. Also, means are provided defin-ing a plurality of perforations 55 in the groove 54. The collector roll assembly 51 includes a housing portion 57 in which no vacuum is applied, and another portion 58 in which vacuum is applied 35 from source 28 SQ that air is pulled from the ~'3ï3~9 exterior of the roller 53 through perforations 55 to the interior of the roller 53, ultimately being passed through conduit 59 to vacuum source 28.
The fibers in throat 52 are entrained in a balanced air flow, air entering air intake 60, and also being pulled through combing roller 53 perforations 55 by the vacuum source 28, so that the fibers in air throat 52 are generally parallel.
Typical staple length would be 1/2-6 inches. The fibers collect on roll 53 side-by-æide, and build up in fiber layers depending upon the speed of roll 53. Approximately 3/8 of the roll 53 is subjected to the vacuum source 28, while the other 5/8 is not.
The fibers are released by the roll 53 on the up-side of roller assembly 51 into air throat 62, underthe influence of the vacuum applied to the interior of the housing 19 of the vacuum spinning device 14.
When the mass of free fibers pass through air throat 62 into the hollow interior of shaft 15, they are attracted to the interior surface 17 of shaEt 15, and rotate therewith as they are being conveyed in the direction A. This rotation fully controls the fibers, so they do not have the same type of entanglement that is present in conventional open-end spinning processes. The yarn Y' is produced. The fiber mass or core 45' lsee FIGURE
5b~ has real twist, which may be in eithex the llZll direction or the "S" direction, and the fiber mass or core typically includes 20-40~ of the fibers while 80-60% of the fibers are in wrapping 47'. The yarn Y' has significant surface effects and simulates the appearance of fully twisted yarn.
The yarn Y' withdrawn from apparatus 14 by delivery rolls 38 is taken up by a conventional dog or grooved type take-up roll 64, onto a package 65.
37~
The yarn Y' may be formed from a wide variety of fibers, bending modulus, stiffness, and other properties of the fiber type not being as critical as in conventional open-end s~pinning; and the yarn Y' may be spun with fewer fibers per cross-sectional area.
Yarn Y' also may be produced by running short staple length fibers ~e.g. lL inch cotton/
polyester fibers) on a 4 inch worsted roll setting between the rolls 38, 40. Ayain, the core 45' ~see FIGURE 5b) will have approxi~lately 20-40% of th~
fibers and the core will have real twist, and approximately 80-60% of the fibers will be wrapped about the core to provide surface effects and simulate the appearance of a fully twisted yarn.
For example, for the yarn Y' illustrated in FIGURE
5b, the turns per inch in the sheath wrapped fibers 47' could be 10 "2", while the turns per inch in the core yarn 45' could be 10 "Zi'. Note, however, that the number of fibers that are transformed into the core versus the number of wrapper fibers are variable and depend upon: staple length versus roll setting between rolls 38 and 40: vacuum pressure and nozzle configuration; noz~le rotation speed and 25 orifice size; spinning speed of the yarn; and fiber characteristics such as stiffness, friction properties, diameter, etc.
The preferred vacuum spinning apparatus 114 is illustrated in FIGURES 8a amd 8b. The primary 30 component thereo comprises an elongated hollow shaft 150 having a first end 151 and a second end 152. A through-extending passageway, having a first section 153 and a second section 154, is provided in the shaft 150, extendins from the first end 151 to 35 the second end 152 thereof. At least a portion of 31~79 the entire circumference of the shaft 150 is perforated. Preferably the perforations are provided by four perforations equally spaced around the circumference of the exterior of the shaft 150, 5 and indicated by reference numerals 155-157 in FIGURE 8a. Perforations preferably are in a common plane P which is perpendicular to the axis A-A of rotation of the shaft 150. Also, the per~orations 155-157 preferably slant in the direction of the 10 second end from the through-extending passageway portion 153 (see perforations 155, 157 in FIGURE 8a in particular). This disposition of the perfora-tions 155-157 at an acute angle with respect to the axis A-A allows air that is sucked into the 15 passageway portion 153 by the vacuum source 160 to ~low more uniformly from exteriorly of the shaft 150 to the source 160, with commensurate desirable results for the yarn being produced.
While perforations 155-157 may be disposed 20 at other locations along the length of the shaft 150, and need not be four in number (i.e. there may be more, but preferably not less than three), the desired results can be achieved by disposing the perforations 155-157 adjacent the first end 151 of 25 the shaft lS0.
A vacuum reservoir 162 is provided within the shaft 150. The vacuum reservoir 162 as illus-trated in the drawing comprises a spherical reservoir havin~ a diameter roughly about twice the 30 diameter of the passageway portion 153, and in communication with the passageway portions 153, 154 at the opposite ends thereof, and in communication with the perforations 155-157 around the periphery thereof. The reservoir need not be spherical, 35 although that is a desirable configuration.
Alternatively, the reservoir could be cylindrical with spherical sections at the ends thereof, or of like configuration. The vacuum reservoir provides for hetter air flow within the shaft 150, ultimately resulting in better wrapping of the fiber ends, and the production of a higher quality yarn.
In the utilization of the apparatus 114, it is desirable to concentrate the air flow ad~acent the first end 151 of the shaft 150. To this end, it iq desirable to make the passageway section 153 of significantly larger size than the passageway 154.
The passageway 153 extends from the end lSl to the vacuum reservoir 162, while the section 154 extends from the vacuum re~ervoir 162 to the second end 152.
As exemplary, but non-limiting, examples of dimen-sions, the diameter of the section 153 may be l/8 inch, the diameter of the section 154 1/16 inch, and the diameter of the spherical vacuum reservoir 162 about one ~uarter inch.
In order to even further facilitate the wrapping action, it is desirable to provide a diffuser 164. The diffuser 164 comprises a sleeve or collar which fits around the external periphery of the shaft 150. Preferably a ring-shaped space 165 is provided between the internal surface 166 of the collar 164, and the external periphery 167 of the shaft 150. The collar 164 includes a plurality of elongated slots formed therein, elongated in the dimension of the axis A-A. Preferably a slot is provided in association and communication with each of the perforations 155-157; for instance see slots 169 and 170 in FIGURE 8a which cooperate with perforations 155 and 157, respectively, and slot 171 in FIG. 8b. The slots (e.~. 169, 170) and the space 165 assist in providing desired air flow ~L~9~37g characteristics to improve the quality of the yarn produced utilizing the apparatus 114.
The collar 164 is preferably mounted on the shaft 150 90 that the alignment o~ the slots (e.g.
169-170~ with respect to the perforations 155-157 can be changed. For instance the collar 164 is mounted so that a first end surface 174 engages surfaces 175 of the shaft 150, and so that the second end surface 176 thereof engages another raiced ~urface 177 Qf the shaft 150. There is fric-tional engagement between the ~urfaces 174, 175 and 176, 177, however the frictional engagement is not too great to prevent relative rotation between the collar 164 and the shaft 150 as the collar 164 is 15 grasped manually, or with a tool, and the rotation ef~ected. By misaligning the slots ~e.g. 169-170) and the perforations 155-157, "effects" may be introduced into the yarn Y.
Roller se~s 38, 40, comprise means for 20 passing textile fibers into and through the passa~e sections 153, 154/ and preferably the nips o~ the rollers 38, 40 are aligned with each other and with the axis A-A. Means are also provided for mounting the shaft 150 for rotation about the axis A-A, and for effecting continuous, relatively high-speed rotation thereof.
The means for mounting the shaft 150 for rotation preferably comprise bearing means adjacent the first and second ends 151, 152 thereof. For instance a ~irst bearing meaAs 180 surrounds the first end lSl o~ the shaft lS0, providing relative rotation between it and a ~ront wall lBl of an air impervious cylindrical housing 182, and a ~econd bearing 183 is mounted adjacent the second end 152 3S of the shaft 150, allowing relative rotation between 1~3~3~9 the shaft 150 and the rear wall 184 of the housing 182. Preferably the housing lB2 is transparent. The bearings 180, 183 may be of any conventional type that will not allow much air flow through them, and 5 are not dried out, or otherwise damaged, by air flow. The hou~ing 182 is stationaril~ mounted on a J
table, or other structure which i~ affixed to the ground.
Rotation of the shaft 150 is effected by a 10 motor acting upon the shaft via pulleys and a belt.
Pulley 192 preferably is integral with the shaft 150, and another pulley is integral with the motor output shaft. The motor thus rotates the shaft 150 at a constant desired speed, which speed may be 15 varied by varying the speed of the motor.
FIGURE 9 schematically illustrates an apparatus useful for core spinning. Structures in this embodiment comparable to structures in the FIGURE 1 embodiment are illustrated by the same 20 reference numeral only preceded by a "2". ~he vacuum spinning apparatus is preferably the apparatus 114 illustrated in FIGVRES 8a and 8b. In this embodiment, a core filament C is fed by a set of rolls 70 to feed rolls 238 to travel with the 25 sliver or roving S generally in the linear direction A. If desired, a force may be applied to the filament yarn C generally in direction A so as to cause up to about 20% of the fibers of the core C to be broken. This may be accomplished by putting a 30 predetermined draft between the rolls 240, 238. The broken fibers react inside vacuum spinning apparatus 114 as spun fibers, lending a spun-like appearance to the yarn YY being produced.
Illustrated in FIGURES 10 and 11 is other 35 exemplary apparatus for producing a core spun yarn, ~9~3 and in this embodiment crimp is developed in tpe core filament yarn so as to provide good interaction between the core fibers and the nipped sliver roving fibers S.
With reference to FIGURES 10 and 11, a full stretch textured yarn CC is removed from a supply 72, and is held in tension between roller sets 73, 74. Between the roller sets 73, 74 it is passed over a sharp edge 75 of a nonconductive material (such as a plastic wedge). Crimp is developed in the filament yarn CC after it passes over edge 75 and the tension i5 released between rolls 74 and 338. (In the FIGURES 10 and ~1 embodiments struc-tures comparable to those in the FIGURE 1 embodiment 15 are illustrated by the same reference numeral only preceded by a "3".) This crimp developing step causes the individual fibers of the yarn CC to repel each other (see FIGURE 11) to form a separated, wide mass of fibers, and when the separated fibers of the 20 yarn CC are then combined with the nipped sliver fibers S, good interaction therebetween is provided, and when the fibers are subjected to the vacuum spinnin~ in vacuum spinner 114, a unique yarn YYY is produced. Such yarn YYY can have the best 25 properties of 100% staple fibers and textured yarn, with predominantly spun fibers on the outside of the yarn formation. Exemplary yarns that may be produced are as follows:
~L~''3~379 Count Component D~scription ~ Content l/20's sliver 35 Grs.tYd. 55% Poly/45% Wool 62%
(34% Poly/28% Wool) core 150/34 T-242T F.S. PDlyester 38~
lt27's sliver 35 Grs./Yd. 100% Wool 76%
core 70t34 T-242T F.S. Polyester 24%
l/20's ~liver 35 Grs./Yd. 100~ Wool 62%
core 150/34 T-242T F.S~ Polyester 38%
1/30's sliver 35 Grs./Yd. 100% Wool 44%
core 150/34 T-242T F.S. Polyester 56%
FIGURE 12 illustrates exemplary apparatus for practicing yet another method according to the invention. In this embodiment, structures comparable to those in the FIGURE 1 embodiment are 15 illustrated by the same reference numeral only preceded by a "4". In this embodiment, a continuous filament yarn F is passed directly to a point B at the entrance to the vacuum spinning assembly 114 hollow shaft (i.e. ~haft end 51 in FIGURE 8a).
20 Controlled overfeed of the yarn F is provided by the roller set 80, the overfeed being controlled to achieve a desired loop or Boucle effect in the yarn YYYY ultimately produced.
It will thus be seen that according to the 25 present inYention various methods of producing yarn, and various yarns produced thereby, are provided which allow the production of a wide variety of : yarns, many h~ving unique characteristics, effects, properties, or appearance. The filament yarns 30 introduced (e.g. C, CC, F) may be multi-color yarns ~such a~ Solution Dyed Rayon), to provide a unique multi-color effect for styling purposes.
,, ~1379 While the invention has been herein shown and described in what is presently conceived to be the most practical and preferred embodiment thereof, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that many modifications may be made thereof within the scope of the invention, which scope is to be accorded the broadest interpretation of the appended claims so as to encompass all equivalent methods and products.
Conventional spun yarns are normally made by ring spinning or open-end spinning. While such 5 methods produce good guality yarn, there are certain restrictions and complications associated therewith.
For instance open-end spinning systems have rather restrictive limitations as ~o staple length, rotor speeds, twist directions, wrapper fibers, fibers per 10 cross-sectional area, and ~iber bending modulus, ~tiffness, and other properties. According to the present invention, an apparatus and method are provided which seek to eliminate a number of the restrictions associated with open-end spinning, and 15 in general to provide for the production of spun yarn in a simple, uncomplicated manner. The yarns produced according to the present invention have somewhat different appearance and construction characteristics than conventional 4pun yarns, but 20 definitely have a spun appearance.
The basic apparatus according to the present invention comprises a hollow shaft with at least a portion of the entire circumference thereof beinq perforated, and mounted for rotation about an 25 axis coincident with the direction of movement of fib~rs being spun into yarn. The fibers are fed into a first end o~ the hollow shaft, and the produced yarn is withdrawn from the second end of the hollow shaft. The shaft is caused to rotate at 30 high speed, and a vacuum is applied to the exterior of the shaft to supply an attractive force to the free ends of the fibers interior of the shaft. A
vacuum sucks ambient air through a housing interior ,~ ~
~g~
to act upon the interior of the shaft, imparting rotation to fibers within the shaft.
Spun-type yarn produced according to the present invention may be produGed from a wide 5 variety of types of fibers, such as cotton, polyester, rayon, acrylic, wool, mohair, etc., the spinning process not being as dependent upon bending modulus or stiffness of the composite fibers as is conventional open-end spinnin~3. According to the 10 invention, open-end type spun yarn can be formed with fewer fibers per cross-sectional area, and the yarn will have real twist, either "Z" or "S" direc-tion twist. Restrictions on the end u~e of open-end type spun yarn according to the invention would not 15 be comparable to conventional open end spun yarns, but rather would be more comparable to conventional ring spun yarns.
According to one aspect of the method according to the present invention, a spun yarn is 20 produced by the following steps: (a) nipping a sliver or roving so that s~me of the fibers within the fibers or roving have loose ends;
(b) transporting the nipped sliver or rovin~ in a linear direction at a substantially constant 25 linear speed; ~c~ feeding a ~ore filament into the . sliver or roving, after nipping, so that the core filament passes with the nipped sliver or zoving in th~ linear direction; and (d) while transporting the sliver or roving, and core ilament, in said linear direction, 30 rotating loose ends of fibers around the fiber mass, and the core filament, the ends being held substantially linearly stationary during ro~a~ion, to produce the desired:y~rn, with core filament.
The core filament yarn preferably comprises a full 35 stretched textured yarn, and preferably it is acted upon by putting it under tension, dragging it over a ~harp edge of nonconductive material, and releasing the tension to develop crimp.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a method is provided having the same steps (a) and (b1 as set forth above, and including the following additional steps: ~c) inserting a filament having controlled overfeed into association with the nipped sliver or roving while moving in said linear 10 direction, at a selected point; and (d) immediately after selected point, rotatin~ 1005e end~ of fibers o~ the nipped sliver or roving, while the ends are held substantially linearly stationary durin~ rotation, to wrap the fiber ends around other fibers and the 15 ~ilament to produce a spun yarn having loop or Boucle effects.
According to yet another aspect of the present invention, a method is provided having the same steps (a) and ~b) as the embodiments described 20 above, and comprising the further steps of:
(c~ feedin~ a filament yarn into operative association with the nipped sliver and roving as it moves in the linear direction~ while applYinq a force substantially in said linear direction effective to break up to about 20~ of the fibers of the filament yarn; and (d) while transportin~ the sliver or roving in said direction, with free ends and with broken fibers, rotating loose ends of fibers and acting upon broken fibers so that the fiber ends are 30 wrapped around the nipped sliver or roving, and ~he broken fibers interact with the nipped sliver or roving, to produce a yarn having a spun-like appearance.
According to a still ~urther aspect of the 35 present invention, a method of spinning yarn is ~913~9 provided comprising the following steps: ~a) Acting upon a sliver or roving to produce fibers, and so that essential]y all of the fibers are fibers having short staple lengths and free ends. ~b) Transport-ing the fibers in a linear direction A at a substan-tially constant linear speed. And, ~c) while trans-porting the fibers, rotatiny the loose ends to pro-vide a core formed of approximately 20-40% of the fibers, the core having real twist; and approxi-mately 80-60% of the fibers wrapped about the core to provide surface effects, and simulating the appearance of a fully twisted yarn. A yarn produced according to this procedure does realistically simulate the appearance of a fully twisted yarn.
It is the primary object of the present invention to provide for the simple, effective production of spun yarn. This and other objects of the invention will become clear from an inspection 20 of the detailed description of the invention, and from the appended claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIGURE 1 is a side schematic view of an exemplary system for producing vacuum-spun yarn 25 according to the present invention;
FIGURF 2 is a side detail cross-sectional view of an exemplary vacuum spinning device for the ` practice of the invention, the cross-section being taken along lines ~-2 of FIGURE 3;
FIGURE 3 is another cross-sectional view of the apparatus of FIGURE 2, taken alonq lines 3-3 thereof;
~9~379 FIGURE 4 schematically illustrates a conventional ring-spun yarn construction, while FIGURE 5a schematically illustrates a construction of a yarn produced utilizing thç apparatus of FIGVRE
1;
FIGURE 6 is a side schematic showing of exemplary apparatus for producing an open-end type vacuum spun yarn according to the invention, while FIGURE 5b schematically illustrates a construction of a yarn produed utilizing the apparatus of FIGURE
6;
FIGURE 7 is an end view of the collector roll of the apparatus of FIGURE 6;
EIGURE 8a is a side cross-sectional view of another, preferred, embodiment of a vacuum spinning apparatus utilizable in the practice of the method of the present invention; and FIGURE 8b is a side view of the apparatus of FIGURE 8a, shown in : schematic cooperation with the vacuum source and feed rollers;
FIGURE 9 is a schematic view illustrating the apparatus utilizable in the feeding of a core filament yarn so as to produce another variation of yarn in the practice of the present invention;
FIGURE 10 is a side schematic view of another exemplary apparatus for developing crimp in an insert~d core filament yarn before feed of the yarn to the vacuum spinning assembly;
.
:"
, ~:9~79 FIGURE 11 is a front schematic view taken generally along lines 11-11 of FIGURE 10; and FI~URE 12 is a side schematic view of yet another form of exemplary apparatus for practicing 5 another method according to the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF T~E DRAWINGS
Two different embodiments of apparatus for producing vacuum spun yarn according to the pre~ent invention are illustrated in FI~URES 1 and 6, by 10 general re~erence numerals 10 and 12, respectively.
The apparatus 10 produces a yarn similar to conven-tional ring-spun yarn, while the apparatus 12 produces an open-end type spun yarn, which yarn -however - has properties similar to both 15 conventional ring spun and open-end spun yarns. A
major component of each of the systems 10, 12 is the vacuum spinning apparatus 14, which is shown most clearly in FIGURES 2 and 3.
The apparatus 14 comprises as the main 20 component thereof a hollow shaft 15. At least a portion of the entire circumference of the hollow shaft 15 is perforated. Preferably the central portion of the shaft has perforations 16 formed therein. The shaft is mounted for rotation about an 25 axis, that axis being coincident with the linear direction of feed A of fibers to be produced into yarn. The shaft should be dimensioned so that it allows the fibers to pass therethrough, and allows enough air to be drawn through with the fibers to 30 allow proper vacuum-attraction of fibers to the interior surface 17 thereof.
,~"
3~37~
The shaft 15 perforated central portion is encompassed by a housing 19. Rotation of the shaft about its axis may be provided by bearings associated with housing end walls 20, 21, and/or further bearings 22, 23 receiving the ends of shaft 15 extending outwardly from the end walls 20, 21.
The shaft 15 is mounted for free rotation.
A vacuum is applied to the housing 19 interior, to an exterior portion of the shaft 15, so a9 to act upon yarn fibers within the hollow interior of the shaft 15. This is preferably accom-plished by providing a vacuum conduit 27 in opera-tive communication with one portion of the housing 19 interior, and is connected up to a conventional vacuum source 28, such as a vacuum pump. Connected to the interior of the housing opposite the conduit 27 (i.e. on the opposite side of shat lS) is a conduit 29 which is in operative communication with the ambient air, or other source of supply of gas.
Connected to the shaft ~prefer~bly integral therewith) are a plurality of radially extending vanes 31. These vanes 31 extend to a radial point just short of the interior surface of the housing 19. When a vacuum is applied to conduit 27, air is drawn through conduit 29, acts upon the vanes 31 effecting rotation of the shaft 15, and is withdrawn through conduit 27. While this is taking place~ air is also being withdrawn from the interior of shaft 15, and fibers are being attracted to the interior surface 17 of shaft 15. ~or the arrangement illus-trated in FIGURE 3, rotation is in the direction of arrows B, however the structure could be arranged so that rotation were in the opposite direction.
The apparatus 14 provides a simple, effec-tive structure for producing spun yarn. It is 1~9~3''~
simple and easy to maintain, may be easily rotated at hi~h speed, and may be formed of lightweight, durable materials.
Associated with the v~cuum spinning device 5 14 and the apparatus 10 is a draft system, generally indicated by reference numeral 33 in FIGURE 1. A
sliver or roving S from a bin 34 is drawn by feed roll sets 35, 36, 37, and passed through the nip of front feed roll set 38. The nip of the front feed roll set 38 is in-line with the axis of rotation of shaft 15. The draft system 33 acts upon the fibers of the sliver or roving S so that approximately 75-90% of the fibers within the mass are nipped and held tight. The remaining approximately 25-lO~ of the fibers have loose ends.
A set of delivery rolls 40 is mounted on the opposite side of apparatus 14 as the draft system 33, the nip of the roller set 40 also being in alignment with the axis of rotation of shaft 15.
20 The delivery roll set 40 draws the formed yarn Y out from the apparatus 14, and eventually the yarn Y is taken up on conventional take-up roller means 41.
When the fibers are passed into the hollow interior of the shaft 15, free ends of the fibers 25 are attracted to the interior surface 17 by the vacuum while the basic fiber mass i5 being transported in the linear directlon A. Fiber ends attracted to the interior surface 17 are held substantially linearly stationary while they rotate 30 with the shaft 15, and thus such fibers become wrapped around the main fiber mass. ~he shaft 15 is rotated at about 1.5-6.0 rpm/inch of fibers drawn through the shaft in order to provide sufficient wrappiny to provide the desired strength to the yarn 35 Y produced.
~3~ 79 Yarn Y produced according to the invention of FIGURES 1 through 3 is illustrated schematically in FIGURE 5a. This yarn Y can be cornpared to conventional ring-spun yarn illustrated in FIGURE 4, 5 the yarn of FIGURE 4 having al beardy look with actual full diameter twists alround the yarn. Yarn Y
according to the invention, however, includes a central mass 45 with some fibers 46 wrapped therearound in a linear direction, while other 10 fibers 47 have a reverse fold wrap.
If necessary, the yarn Y may be steamed in order to better secure and set the wrapped fibers 4fi, 47. This may be accomplished by passing it through a conventional steaming apparatus 48 prior 15 to being taken up by rollers 41, or steaming may be practiced as an entirely different step after take up .
Fabric produced from yarn Y (55% polyester fibers and 45~ wool fibers) has been found to have 20 very uniform dyeability.
The apparatus 12 of FIGURE 6 includes, in place of the draft system 33 oE apparatus 10, a conventional combing roll assembly 50, and a collec-tor roll assembly 51. The combing roll assembly 50 25 forms individual fibers from the sliver or roving S, and passes them through air throat 52 to the collec-tor roll assembly 51. The collector roll 53 of the collector roll assembly 51 is illustrated more clearly in FIGURE 71 and includes means defining a 30 groove 54 therein. Also, means are provided defin-ing a plurality of perforations 55 in the groove 54. The collector roll assembly 51 includes a housing portion 57 in which no vacuum is applied, and another portion 58 in which vacuum is applied 35 from source 28 SQ that air is pulled from the ~'3ï3~9 exterior of the roller 53 through perforations 55 to the interior of the roller 53, ultimately being passed through conduit 59 to vacuum source 28.
The fibers in throat 52 are entrained in a balanced air flow, air entering air intake 60, and also being pulled through combing roller 53 perforations 55 by the vacuum source 28, so that the fibers in air throat 52 are generally parallel.
Typical staple length would be 1/2-6 inches. The fibers collect on roll 53 side-by-æide, and build up in fiber layers depending upon the speed of roll 53. Approximately 3/8 of the roll 53 is subjected to the vacuum source 28, while the other 5/8 is not.
The fibers are released by the roll 53 on the up-side of roller assembly 51 into air throat 62, underthe influence of the vacuum applied to the interior of the housing 19 of the vacuum spinning device 14.
When the mass of free fibers pass through air throat 62 into the hollow interior of shaft 15, they are attracted to the interior surface 17 of shaEt 15, and rotate therewith as they are being conveyed in the direction A. This rotation fully controls the fibers, so they do not have the same type of entanglement that is present in conventional open-end spinning processes. The yarn Y' is produced. The fiber mass or core 45' lsee FIGURE
5b~ has real twist, which may be in eithex the llZll direction or the "S" direction, and the fiber mass or core typically includes 20-40~ of the fibers while 80-60% of the fibers are in wrapping 47'. The yarn Y' has significant surface effects and simulates the appearance of fully twisted yarn.
The yarn Y' withdrawn from apparatus 14 by delivery rolls 38 is taken up by a conventional dog or grooved type take-up roll 64, onto a package 65.
37~
The yarn Y' may be formed from a wide variety of fibers, bending modulus, stiffness, and other properties of the fiber type not being as critical as in conventional open-end s~pinning; and the yarn Y' may be spun with fewer fibers per cross-sectional area.
Yarn Y' also may be produced by running short staple length fibers ~e.g. lL inch cotton/
polyester fibers) on a 4 inch worsted roll setting between the rolls 38, 40. Ayain, the core 45' ~see FIGURE 5b) will have approxi~lately 20-40% of th~
fibers and the core will have real twist, and approximately 80-60% of the fibers will be wrapped about the core to provide surface effects and simulate the appearance of a fully twisted yarn.
For example, for the yarn Y' illustrated in FIGURE
5b, the turns per inch in the sheath wrapped fibers 47' could be 10 "2", while the turns per inch in the core yarn 45' could be 10 "Zi'. Note, however, that the number of fibers that are transformed into the core versus the number of wrapper fibers are variable and depend upon: staple length versus roll setting between rolls 38 and 40: vacuum pressure and nozzle configuration; noz~le rotation speed and 25 orifice size; spinning speed of the yarn; and fiber characteristics such as stiffness, friction properties, diameter, etc.
The preferred vacuum spinning apparatus 114 is illustrated in FIGURES 8a amd 8b. The primary 30 component thereo comprises an elongated hollow shaft 150 having a first end 151 and a second end 152. A through-extending passageway, having a first section 153 and a second section 154, is provided in the shaft 150, extendins from the first end 151 to 35 the second end 152 thereof. At least a portion of 31~79 the entire circumference of the shaft 150 is perforated. Preferably the perforations are provided by four perforations equally spaced around the circumference of the exterior of the shaft 150, 5 and indicated by reference numerals 155-157 in FIGURE 8a. Perforations preferably are in a common plane P which is perpendicular to the axis A-A of rotation of the shaft 150. Also, the per~orations 155-157 preferably slant in the direction of the 10 second end from the through-extending passageway portion 153 (see perforations 155, 157 in FIGURE 8a in particular). This disposition of the perfora-tions 155-157 at an acute angle with respect to the axis A-A allows air that is sucked into the 15 passageway portion 153 by the vacuum source 160 to ~low more uniformly from exteriorly of the shaft 150 to the source 160, with commensurate desirable results for the yarn being produced.
While perforations 155-157 may be disposed 20 at other locations along the length of the shaft 150, and need not be four in number (i.e. there may be more, but preferably not less than three), the desired results can be achieved by disposing the perforations 155-157 adjacent the first end 151 of 25 the shaft lS0.
A vacuum reservoir 162 is provided within the shaft 150. The vacuum reservoir 162 as illus-trated in the drawing comprises a spherical reservoir havin~ a diameter roughly about twice the 30 diameter of the passageway portion 153, and in communication with the passageway portions 153, 154 at the opposite ends thereof, and in communication with the perforations 155-157 around the periphery thereof. The reservoir need not be spherical, 35 although that is a desirable configuration.
Alternatively, the reservoir could be cylindrical with spherical sections at the ends thereof, or of like configuration. The vacuum reservoir provides for hetter air flow within the shaft 150, ultimately resulting in better wrapping of the fiber ends, and the production of a higher quality yarn.
In the utilization of the apparatus 114, it is desirable to concentrate the air flow ad~acent the first end 151 of the shaft 150. To this end, it iq desirable to make the passageway section 153 of significantly larger size than the passageway 154.
The passageway 153 extends from the end lSl to the vacuum reservoir 162, while the section 154 extends from the vacuum re~ervoir 162 to the second end 152.
As exemplary, but non-limiting, examples of dimen-sions, the diameter of the section 153 may be l/8 inch, the diameter of the section 154 1/16 inch, and the diameter of the spherical vacuum reservoir 162 about one ~uarter inch.
In order to even further facilitate the wrapping action, it is desirable to provide a diffuser 164. The diffuser 164 comprises a sleeve or collar which fits around the external periphery of the shaft 150. Preferably a ring-shaped space 165 is provided between the internal surface 166 of the collar 164, and the external periphery 167 of the shaft 150. The collar 164 includes a plurality of elongated slots formed therein, elongated in the dimension of the axis A-A. Preferably a slot is provided in association and communication with each of the perforations 155-157; for instance see slots 169 and 170 in FIGURE 8a which cooperate with perforations 155 and 157, respectively, and slot 171 in FIG. 8b. The slots (e.~. 169, 170) and the space 165 assist in providing desired air flow ~L~9~37g characteristics to improve the quality of the yarn produced utilizing the apparatus 114.
The collar 164 is preferably mounted on the shaft 150 90 that the alignment o~ the slots (e.g.
169-170~ with respect to the perforations 155-157 can be changed. For instance the collar 164 is mounted so that a first end surface 174 engages surfaces 175 of the shaft 150, and so that the second end surface 176 thereof engages another raiced ~urface 177 Qf the shaft 150. There is fric-tional engagement between the ~urfaces 174, 175 and 176, 177, however the frictional engagement is not too great to prevent relative rotation between the collar 164 and the shaft 150 as the collar 164 is 15 grasped manually, or with a tool, and the rotation ef~ected. By misaligning the slots ~e.g. 169-170) and the perforations 155-157, "effects" may be introduced into the yarn Y.
Roller se~s 38, 40, comprise means for 20 passing textile fibers into and through the passa~e sections 153, 154/ and preferably the nips o~ the rollers 38, 40 are aligned with each other and with the axis A-A. Means are also provided for mounting the shaft 150 for rotation about the axis A-A, and for effecting continuous, relatively high-speed rotation thereof.
The means for mounting the shaft 150 for rotation preferably comprise bearing means adjacent the first and second ends 151, 152 thereof. For instance a ~irst bearing meaAs 180 surrounds the first end lSl o~ the shaft lS0, providing relative rotation between it and a ~ront wall lBl of an air impervious cylindrical housing 182, and a ~econd bearing 183 is mounted adjacent the second end 152 3S of the shaft 150, allowing relative rotation between 1~3~3~9 the shaft 150 and the rear wall 184 of the housing 182. Preferably the housing lB2 is transparent. The bearings 180, 183 may be of any conventional type that will not allow much air flow through them, and 5 are not dried out, or otherwise damaged, by air flow. The hou~ing 182 is stationaril~ mounted on a J
table, or other structure which i~ affixed to the ground.
Rotation of the shaft 150 is effected by a 10 motor acting upon the shaft via pulleys and a belt.
Pulley 192 preferably is integral with the shaft 150, and another pulley is integral with the motor output shaft. The motor thus rotates the shaft 150 at a constant desired speed, which speed may be 15 varied by varying the speed of the motor.
FIGURE 9 schematically illustrates an apparatus useful for core spinning. Structures in this embodiment comparable to structures in the FIGURE 1 embodiment are illustrated by the same 20 reference numeral only preceded by a "2". ~he vacuum spinning apparatus is preferably the apparatus 114 illustrated in FIGVRES 8a and 8b. In this embodiment, a core filament C is fed by a set of rolls 70 to feed rolls 238 to travel with the 25 sliver or roving S generally in the linear direction A. If desired, a force may be applied to the filament yarn C generally in direction A so as to cause up to about 20% of the fibers of the core C to be broken. This may be accomplished by putting a 30 predetermined draft between the rolls 240, 238. The broken fibers react inside vacuum spinning apparatus 114 as spun fibers, lending a spun-like appearance to the yarn YY being produced.
Illustrated in FIGURES 10 and 11 is other 35 exemplary apparatus for producing a core spun yarn, ~9~3 and in this embodiment crimp is developed in tpe core filament yarn so as to provide good interaction between the core fibers and the nipped sliver roving fibers S.
With reference to FIGURES 10 and 11, a full stretch textured yarn CC is removed from a supply 72, and is held in tension between roller sets 73, 74. Between the roller sets 73, 74 it is passed over a sharp edge 75 of a nonconductive material (such as a plastic wedge). Crimp is developed in the filament yarn CC after it passes over edge 75 and the tension i5 released between rolls 74 and 338. (In the FIGURES 10 and ~1 embodiments struc-tures comparable to those in the FIGURE 1 embodiment 15 are illustrated by the same reference numeral only preceded by a "3".) This crimp developing step causes the individual fibers of the yarn CC to repel each other (see FIGURE 11) to form a separated, wide mass of fibers, and when the separated fibers of the 20 yarn CC are then combined with the nipped sliver fibers S, good interaction therebetween is provided, and when the fibers are subjected to the vacuum spinnin~ in vacuum spinner 114, a unique yarn YYY is produced. Such yarn YYY can have the best 25 properties of 100% staple fibers and textured yarn, with predominantly spun fibers on the outside of the yarn formation. Exemplary yarns that may be produced are as follows:
~L~''3~379 Count Component D~scription ~ Content l/20's sliver 35 Grs.tYd. 55% Poly/45% Wool 62%
(34% Poly/28% Wool) core 150/34 T-242T F.S. PDlyester 38~
lt27's sliver 35 Grs./Yd. 100% Wool 76%
core 70t34 T-242T F.S. Polyester 24%
l/20's ~liver 35 Grs./Yd. 100~ Wool 62%
core 150/34 T-242T F.S~ Polyester 38%
1/30's sliver 35 Grs./Yd. 100% Wool 44%
core 150/34 T-242T F.S. Polyester 56%
FIGURE 12 illustrates exemplary apparatus for practicing yet another method according to the invention. In this embodiment, structures comparable to those in the FIGURE 1 embodiment are 15 illustrated by the same reference numeral only preceded by a "4". In this embodiment, a continuous filament yarn F is passed directly to a point B at the entrance to the vacuum spinning assembly 114 hollow shaft (i.e. ~haft end 51 in FIGURE 8a).
20 Controlled overfeed of the yarn F is provided by the roller set 80, the overfeed being controlled to achieve a desired loop or Boucle effect in the yarn YYYY ultimately produced.
It will thus be seen that according to the 25 present inYention various methods of producing yarn, and various yarns produced thereby, are provided which allow the production of a wide variety of : yarns, many h~ving unique characteristics, effects, properties, or appearance. The filament yarns 30 introduced (e.g. C, CC, F) may be multi-color yarns ~such a~ Solution Dyed Rayon), to provide a unique multi-color effect for styling purposes.
,, ~1379 While the invention has been herein shown and described in what is presently conceived to be the most practical and preferred embodiment thereof, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that many modifications may be made thereof within the scope of the invention, which scope is to be accorded the broadest interpretation of the appended claims so as to encompass all equivalent methods and products.
Claims (10)
1. Apparatus for forming yarn, comprising:
an elongated hollow shaft with a through-extending passageway from a first to a second end thereof; means for mounting said shaft for rotation about an axis; means for rotating said shaft about it's axis; and means for passing textile fibers through the interior of said shaft linearly, generally along the axis of rotation thereof, the fibers being fed into the first end thereof and means for withdrawing formed yarn from the second end of said shaft; characterized in that said shaft has at least a portion of the circumference thereof perforated; and characterized by:
means for applying a vacuum to the exterior of said shaft so that at least some of the fibers or free ends of fibers passing through said shaft will draw toward the shaft perforations, and will be caused to rotate with said shaft as the remaining fibers are maintained generally parallel and move generally linearly along the axis of rotation.
an elongated hollow shaft with a through-extending passageway from a first to a second end thereof; means for mounting said shaft for rotation about an axis; means for rotating said shaft about it's axis; and means for passing textile fibers through the interior of said shaft linearly, generally along the axis of rotation thereof, the fibers being fed into the first end thereof and means for withdrawing formed yarn from the second end of said shaft; characterized in that said shaft has at least a portion of the circumference thereof perforated; and characterized by:
means for applying a vacuum to the exterior of said shaft so that at least some of the fibers or free ends of fibers passing through said shaft will draw toward the shaft perforations, and will be caused to rotate with said shaft as the remaining fibers are maintained generally parallel and move generally linearly along the axis of rotation.
2. Apparatus as recited in claim 1 further charac-terized in that the perforations in said portion of said hollow shaft comprise perforations that slant in the direction of said second end from the through-extending passageway.
3. Apparatus as recited in claim 1 further charac-terized by means defining a vacuum reservoir in said shaft adjacent said first end thereof, and from which said perforations extend.
4. Apparatus as recited in claim 3 further characterized in that the diameter of said through-extending passageway of said hollow shaft adjacent said first end thereof, from the first end thereof to said vacuum reservoir, is X; and the diameter of said through-extending passageway of said hollow shaft from said vacuum reservoir to said second end of said shaft is x; and X is approximately 2x.
5. Apparatus as recited in claim 1 further characterized in that said perforations consist of four perforations formed in said shaft adjacent said first end thereof, and disposed in substantially a common plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of said shaft.
6. Apparatus as recited in claim 1 further characterized by: a diffuser surrounding said shaft and rotatable therewith, and comprising a collar having an elongated slot formed therein corresponding to, and in communication with, each of said perforations; and wherein said collar has an interior surface that is spaced from the exterior surface of said shaft at the area thereof adjacent said perforations and said slots.
7. Apparatus as recited in claim 1 further characterized in that said means for rotating said shaft about its axis comprises: a plurality of radially extending blades attached to said shaft perforated portion; a housing containing said blades and shaft perforated portion; said means for applying a vacuum to the exterior of said shaft applying a vacuum to the interior of said housing;
and means for providing the entry of ambient air to said housing under the influence of said means for applying a vacuum, the air acting on said blades and effecting rotation of said shaft.
and means for providing the entry of ambient air to said housing under the influence of said means for applying a vacuum, the air acting on said blades and effecting rotation of said shaft.
8. A method of spinning yarn comprising the steps of:
(a) nipping a sliver or roving so that some of the fibers within the sliver or roving have loose ends extending from a fiber mass; and (b) transporting the nipped sliver or roving in a linear direction A at a substantially constant linear speed; characterized by (c) while transpor-ting the sliver or roving in direction A, rotating loose ends of fibers around the fiber mass r the ends being held substantially linearly stationary during rotation, to produce the desired yarn.
(a) nipping a sliver or roving so that some of the fibers within the sliver or roving have loose ends extending from a fiber mass; and (b) transporting the nipped sliver or roving in a linear direction A at a substantially constant linear speed; characterized by (c) while transpor-ting the sliver or roving in direction A, rotating loose ends of fibers around the fiber mass r the ends being held substantially linearly stationary during rotation, to produce the desired yarn.
9. A method as recited in claim 8 further characterized by: (d) feeding a core filament into the sliver or roving, after nipping, so that the core filament passes with the nipped sliver or roving in the direction A and the loose fibers pass around it.
10. A method as recited in claim 9 further characterized in that the core filament comprises a full stretched textured yarn; and further characterized by the steps of: (e) placing the full stretched textured yarn under tension; and (f) while the full stretched textured yarn is under tension, effecting the development of crimp, so that individual fibers of the yarn are repelled into a separate wide mass of fibers; and characterized in that step (c) is practiced so as to form an integrated mixture of nipped fibers of the sliver or roving, and separated continuous fibers of the core filament.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/677,487 US4713931A (en) | 1982-06-07 | 1984-12-03 | Apparatus for vacuum spinning |
| US677,487 | 1984-12-03 | ||
| US06/680,510 US4719744A (en) | 1982-06-07 | 1984-12-11 | Vacuum spinning method |
| US680,510 | 1984-12-11 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1291379C true CA1291379C (en) | 1991-10-29 |
Family
ID=27101810
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000477072A Expired - Fee Related CA1291379C (en) | 1984-12-03 | 1985-03-21 | Vacuum spinning |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0184277B1 (en) |
| CN (2) | CN1027384C (en) |
| AU (1) | AU571952B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8501514A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1291379C (en) |
| CZ (1) | CZ278684B6 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3587417T2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1021065C (en) * | 1985-05-09 | 1993-06-02 | 伯林顿工业公司 | Vacuum spinning of fasciafed yarn from fibre strip |
| CA2005018A1 (en) * | 1988-12-12 | 1990-06-12 | Elbert F. Morrison | Vacuum spinning of roving |
| CN103849969A (en) * | 2012-12-04 | 2014-06-11 | 东丽纤维研究所（中国）有限公司 | Wool-blown hollow bag yarn |
| CN103320928B (en) * | 2013-07-05 | 2016-03-09 | 浙江金元亚麻有限公司 | For the production of the device of wet-spun hollow flax yarn |
| CN103966717B (en) * | 2014-04-23 | 2016-09-14 | 中国人民解放军总后勤部军需装备研究所 | A kind of short staple spinning method |
| CN103981600A (en) * | 2014-04-24 | 2014-08-13 | 河南新野纺织股份有限公司 | 40<S> high-tenacity rotor spun pure cotton yarn production method |
| CN105113064A (en) * | 2015-09-25 | 2015-12-02 | 晋江市正锋机械有限公司 | Automatically-controlled textile airflow twisting device |
| CN106417434B (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2018-06-26 | 安庆市龙珠包装有限公司 | A kind of flour stranding machine |
| CN106417435B (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2018-06-26 | 安庆市龙珠包装有限公司 | A kind of flour stranding machine |
| CN106417437B (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2018-06-26 | 安庆市龙珠包装有限公司 | A kind of flour stranding machine |
| JP7127887B2 (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2022-08-30 | 株式会社Ａｉｋｉリオテック | Design yarn manufacturing equipment |
| CN109594164A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-04-09 | 武汉纺织大学 | A kind of hollow yams preparation facilities and method |
| CN114836864A (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2022-08-02 | 江苏京正特种纤维有限公司 | Vortex core-spun yarn production device and production method |
| CN116536807B (en) * | 2023-06-30 | 2023-09-22 | 江苏恒力化纤股份有限公司 | Nozzle for preparing raised yarns |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3706192A (en) * | 1969-10-14 | 1972-12-19 | Akzona Inc | Process and apparatus for false twisting synthetic yarns |
| DE2921515A1 (en) * | 1978-06-12 | 1979-12-20 | Elitex Zavody Textilniho | SPINDLESS SPINNING METHOD FOR PRODUCING YARNS AND DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT THE METHOD |
| US4507913A (en) * | 1982-06-07 | 1985-04-02 | Burlington Industries, Inc. | Vacuum spinning |
| JPS5921725A (en) * | 1982-07-21 | 1984-02-03 | Toyoda Autom Loom Works Ltd | False twist nozzle for bind spinning |
-
1985
- 1985-03-21 AU AU40311/85A patent/AU571952B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1985-03-21 CA CA000477072A patent/CA1291379C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1985-04-01 BR BR8501514A patent/BR8501514A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-04-01 CZ CS852386A patent/CZ278684B6/en unknown
- 1985-04-01 CN CN85101203A patent/CN1027384C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1985-04-02 DE DE85302322T patent/DE3587417T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1985-04-02 EP EP85302322A patent/EP0184277B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1993
- 1993-06-22 CN CN93107601A patent/CN1103681A/en not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3587417D1 (en) | 1993-07-29 |
| CN1103681A (en) | 1995-06-14 |
| CN1027384C (en) | 1995-01-11 |
| CS238685A3 (en) | 1992-04-15 |
| AU4031185A (en) | 1986-06-12 |
| EP0184277A2 (en) | 1986-06-11 |
| EP0184277B1 (en) | 1993-06-23 |
| EP0184277A3 (en) | 1987-08-19 |
| AU571952B2 (en) | 1988-04-28 |
| CN85101203A (en) | 1986-06-10 |
| CZ278684B6 (en) | 1994-05-18 |
| BR8501514A (en) | 1986-10-14 |
| DE3587417T2 (en) | 1994-02-03 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US4362008A (en) | Method and apparatus for forming composite yarn | |
| CA1291379C (en) | Vacuum spinning | |
| US4507913A (en) | Vacuum spinning | |
| US4315398A (en) | Open-end spinning apparatus | |
| US4322944A (en) | Method of and apparatus for break spinning yarn | |
| US5392588A (en) | Spinning with hollow rotatable shaft and air flow | |
| US4845932A (en) | Method of and apparatus for spinning yarn | |
| CS209436B2 (en) | Method of spinning of fibres in the yarn and device for executing the same | |
| US5243813A (en) | Process and an arrangement for false-twist spinning | |
| EP0375242A2 (en) | Manufacture of roving | |
| JPS63203824A (en) | Production equipment for spun yarn | |
| US4753066A (en) | Method of and apparatus for producing a yarn | |
| US6058693A (en) | Spinning process and apparatus for performing same | |
| US4928464A (en) | Yarn produced by spinning with vacuum | |
| US4628679A (en) | Method and apparatus for the production of a yarn by open-end friction spinning | |
| US4719744A (en) | Vacuum spinning method | |
| US4091605A (en) | Method and apparatus for the twisting of yarn | |
| JPH01118629A (en) | Method for feeding fiber into spinning device | |
| US4573312A (en) | Friction spinning apparatus | |
| US5778653A (en) | Suction roller for an open-end spinning machine | |
| JPS61138734A (en) | Spun yarn, method and apparatus for producing the same | |
| KR940007695B1 (en) | Improved apparatus for bacuum spinning and desirable yarn produced thereby | |
| CS244401B2 (en) | Staple fibres spinning device | |
| GB2178451A (en) | Open-end spinning | |
| US5974778A (en) | Arrangement for open-end spinning comprising a driven suction roller |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKLA | Lapsed |