CA1218679A - Thick set plastering material - Google Patents
Thick set plastering materialInfo
- Publication number
- CA1218679A CA1218679A CA000433301A CA433301A CA1218679A CA 1218679 A CA1218679 A CA 1218679A CA 000433301 A CA000433301 A CA 000433301A CA 433301 A CA433301 A CA 433301A CA 1218679 A CA1218679 A CA 1218679A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- cement
- weight
- polymer
- mixed aggregate
- mortar
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/08—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by adding porous substances
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00482—Coating or impregnation materials
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
- Porous Artificial Stone Or Porous Ceramic Products (AREA)
Abstract
Abstract of the Disclosure:
A plastering material can be laid on with a coat thickness of 5 mm to 20 mm in a single trowelling work as well as possible to apply in successive coats or layers in the state of fresh mortar. To obtain such characteristics, the plastering material is prepared by adding to a conventionally known plastering material a synthetic high molecular admixture and a mixed aggregate in proper proportions. Thereby, the workability of the plastering material and the quality of the wall surface coated therewith are improved, besides the above-mentioned characteristics.
A plastering material can be laid on with a coat thickness of 5 mm to 20 mm in a single trowelling work as well as possible to apply in successive coats or layers in the state of fresh mortar. To obtain such characteristics, the plastering material is prepared by adding to a conventionally known plastering material a synthetic high molecular admixture and a mixed aggregate in proper proportions. Thereby, the workability of the plastering material and the quality of the wall surface coated therewith are improved, besides the above-mentioned characteristics.
Description
7~
SPECIFICATION
Title of the Invention:
THICK SET PLASTERING ~ATERIAL
Background of the Invention:
Field of the Invention-The present inven~ion generally relates to plastering materials, such as f~ish la.yer for interior and exterior works on structures, materials ~mployed for repair and improvement works in building site, and trowelling materials for forming bonding layers for tiles.
Description of the Prior Art~
A typical known plastering material is a mixture prepared by mixing an inorganic binding material with a fine aggregate such as sand and the like in the ratio of one to three. A standard coating ~hickness obtained by of such a plastering material per single trowelling is about 1 mm to 5 mm depending on the kind of the plastering material. Therefore, in order to obtain a finishing or setting coat of 5 mm to 20 mm thickness, usually, trowelling must be conducted in about two to five stages.
In addition, since it is difficult to successively overlay one coat on another in the state of fresh mortar by trowelling on account of th~ characteristics of the plastering material, it is obliged to perform trowelling 8~
such that after ~he first coa~ is left as it is for a sufficient curing period to harden, the second and third coats are overlaid on the hardened coat. ~herefore, as the number of times of trowelling is larger, the term of works becomes longer. Moreover, since the causes of defects are complicated, such considerations must be taken that the inorganic binding material should be rich for the irst coat in order to prevent dissociation but lean for the finishing coat in order to prevent crackingO The above-mentioned problems ar~ encountered not only when a plastering work is initially conducted but also when a partially or totally dissociated portion of a plaster ground or finished layer is repaired, since, also in such a case, it is necessary to partially apply the plaster material by trowelling in two or thrPe stages. In consequence, it disadvantageously takes a long term and large cost of works, and it is inconveniently difficult to obtain an excellent matching between the repaired portion and other healthy portions not requiring repair. Thus, i it is intended to obtain a coat of 5 mm to 20 mm thickness from a conventionally known plastering material in a single trowelling, it is practically impossible to obtain a coat thickness exceeding a standard coat thickness, within a range from 1 mm to 5 mm, in a single trowelling, owing to such factors as an insufficient adhesion with respect to ~'2~ 7~
the plaster ground surface~ ~he slumping o~ the plastsr material from ~he support and ~he difficulty in trowelling work.
Summary of the Invention:
Accordingly, it is a primary object of the invention to improve the thick set performance of plastering material by trowelling by adding a synthetic high molecular admixture and a mixed aggregate into the conventional plastering material.
To this end, according to the invention, there is provided a thick set plastering material consisting essentially of an inorganic binding material, a mixed aggregate and a synthetic hiqh molecular admixture, the ratio of the inorganic binding material to the mixed aggregate being 1 1.0 to 4.0 (volume ratio~, the mixed aggregate including slag and a lightweight spheroidal substance.
Fundamentally speaking, the workability of plastering materials can be represented by F value (corresponding to the press force of tro~Yel) r ~ valus (corresponding to the resistance to slide of trowel) and M value (corresponding to the resistance of moment at the grip of trowel) which are shown in Fig. 1. As the results of various researches on aggregates added to plastering materials, a thick set plastering material has been obtain~d which has desired .. ~, , . ," . ~, . ..... ..... . .
~ 7 ~
workability when applied in a thick layer.
More specifically~ a plastering material suitable for thick coating has been obtained by employing as aggregate a mixed aggrega~e prepared by adding slag and a lightweight spheroidal subs~ance into silica sand and sand equivalent thereto~ which are coventionally known aggregates, in a predetermined proportionO The plastering material overcomes the above-mentioned problems of the conventional plastering materials and allows an appropriate pressure to be easily applied to the plaster ground surface with trowel. In addition, the plastering material i5 excellent in the adhesion to the ground, so that there is no possibility of slumping of the plastering material from the ground during or after the application of the former to the latter. Moreover, the plastering material is inevitably prevented from being applied in a thin layer, since if the material is unintentionally applied in a thin layer, the F
value increases considerably.
As the aggregate for the plastering material in accordance with the inven~ion, a mixed aggregate of silica sand, slag and a lightweight spheroidal substance is preferable, and the particle diameter of each of the components is desirably not larger than 3 mm~ although it varys according to the thickness of the coat after the application of the plastering material and the use thereof.
-. .............. : - ; .. :
As the slag, blas~ furnace slag sand and/or sludge sand is employed, and A5 the lightweight spheroidal substance, glass hollow microsphere, synthetic high molecular spheroidal substance, poz~olanic spheroidal substance and so forth are employed, although these aggregates used must have qualities closely resembling those of the above-mentioned materials in such physical properties as particle diameter, shape and specific gravity.
The characteristics required of a plastering material suitable for thick coating are as follows:
(1) possible to be trowelled within two to three times to obtain atleast a total coat thickness of 20 mm, exceeding a standard coat thickness in the case of finish work, or possible to be overlaid on the previous coat not well dried within about three to five times in~a short time until a total thickness of 50 mm is obtained in the case of repair work;
SPECIFICATION
Title of the Invention:
THICK SET PLASTERING ~ATERIAL
Background of the Invention:
Field of the Invention-The present inven~ion generally relates to plastering materials, such as f~ish la.yer for interior and exterior works on structures, materials ~mployed for repair and improvement works in building site, and trowelling materials for forming bonding layers for tiles.
Description of the Prior Art~
A typical known plastering material is a mixture prepared by mixing an inorganic binding material with a fine aggregate such as sand and the like in the ratio of one to three. A standard coating ~hickness obtained by of such a plastering material per single trowelling is about 1 mm to 5 mm depending on the kind of the plastering material. Therefore, in order to obtain a finishing or setting coat of 5 mm to 20 mm thickness, usually, trowelling must be conducted in about two to five stages.
In addition, since it is difficult to successively overlay one coat on another in the state of fresh mortar by trowelling on account of th~ characteristics of the plastering material, it is obliged to perform trowelling 8~
such that after ~he first coa~ is left as it is for a sufficient curing period to harden, the second and third coats are overlaid on the hardened coat. ~herefore, as the number of times of trowelling is larger, the term of works becomes longer. Moreover, since the causes of defects are complicated, such considerations must be taken that the inorganic binding material should be rich for the irst coat in order to prevent dissociation but lean for the finishing coat in order to prevent crackingO The above-mentioned problems ar~ encountered not only when a plastering work is initially conducted but also when a partially or totally dissociated portion of a plaster ground or finished layer is repaired, since, also in such a case, it is necessary to partially apply the plaster material by trowelling in two or thrPe stages. In consequence, it disadvantageously takes a long term and large cost of works, and it is inconveniently difficult to obtain an excellent matching between the repaired portion and other healthy portions not requiring repair. Thus, i it is intended to obtain a coat of 5 mm to 20 mm thickness from a conventionally known plastering material in a single trowelling, it is practically impossible to obtain a coat thickness exceeding a standard coat thickness, within a range from 1 mm to 5 mm, in a single trowelling, owing to such factors as an insufficient adhesion with respect to ~'2~ 7~
the plaster ground surface~ ~he slumping o~ the plastsr material from ~he support and ~he difficulty in trowelling work.
Summary of the Invention:
Accordingly, it is a primary object of the invention to improve the thick set performance of plastering material by trowelling by adding a synthetic high molecular admixture and a mixed aggregate into the conventional plastering material.
To this end, according to the invention, there is provided a thick set plastering material consisting essentially of an inorganic binding material, a mixed aggregate and a synthetic hiqh molecular admixture, the ratio of the inorganic binding material to the mixed aggregate being 1 1.0 to 4.0 (volume ratio~, the mixed aggregate including slag and a lightweight spheroidal substance.
Fundamentally speaking, the workability of plastering materials can be represented by F value (corresponding to the press force of tro~Yel) r ~ valus (corresponding to the resistance to slide of trowel) and M value (corresponding to the resistance of moment at the grip of trowel) which are shown in Fig. 1. As the results of various researches on aggregates added to plastering materials, a thick set plastering material has been obtain~d which has desired .. ~, , . ," . ~, . ..... ..... . .
~ 7 ~
workability when applied in a thick layer.
More specifically~ a plastering material suitable for thick coating has been obtained by employing as aggregate a mixed aggrega~e prepared by adding slag and a lightweight spheroidal subs~ance into silica sand and sand equivalent thereto~ which are coventionally known aggregates, in a predetermined proportionO The plastering material overcomes the above-mentioned problems of the conventional plastering materials and allows an appropriate pressure to be easily applied to the plaster ground surface with trowel. In addition, the plastering material i5 excellent in the adhesion to the ground, so that there is no possibility of slumping of the plastering material from the ground during or after the application of the former to the latter. Moreover, the plastering material is inevitably prevented from being applied in a thin layer, since if the material is unintentionally applied in a thin layer, the F
value increases considerably.
As the aggregate for the plastering material in accordance with the inven~ion, a mixed aggregate of silica sand, slag and a lightweight spheroidal substance is preferable, and the particle diameter of each of the components is desirably not larger than 3 mm~ although it varys according to the thickness of the coat after the application of the plastering material and the use thereof.
-. .............. : - ; .. :
As the slag, blas~ furnace slag sand and/or sludge sand is employed, and A5 the lightweight spheroidal substance, glass hollow microsphere, synthetic high molecular spheroidal substance, poz~olanic spheroidal substance and so forth are employed, although these aggregates used must have qualities closely resembling those of the above-mentioned materials in such physical properties as particle diameter, shape and specific gravity.
The characteristics required of a plastering material suitable for thick coating are as follows:
(1) possible to be trowelled within two to three times to obtain atleast a total coat thickness of 20 mm, exceeding a standard coat thickness in the case of finish work, or possible to be overlaid on the previous coat not well dried within about three to five times in~a short time until a total thickness of 50 mm is obtained in the case of repair work;
(2) has no possibility of slumping or deformation thereof by its own weight during and aft2r the application thereof, which means that the plastering material can properly solidify in a stage as early as possible after the completion of the trowelling work or has a large thixotropyO
(3) has deformability to absorb as much as possible any contraction deformation due to the constraint by the ground or support;
12~B~79
12~B~79
(4) has a properly large trowel press force represPnted by the F value, becomes well attached to the ground or support9 has an excellent adhesion, and is firmly solidified by compaction;
(5) has a properly small resistance of moment at the grip of the trowel, represented by the M value, and hardly dissociates from the ground or support;
(6) permit a smooth slide of the trowel (a small adhesion to the trowel, i.e~, hardly sticks to the trowel surface and allows the trowel to be slid easily, which means that the y value (the resistance to slide of the trowel) is small; and ~7) makes it difficult to be laid on in a thin layer, which means that it is easier for the operator to trowel the plastering material in a thick layer than in a thin lay~r, since the F value is extremely large when the operator trowels the plastering material in a thin layer.
The above-mentioned characteristics (1) to ~7) are contrary to each other. Yor example, even if there is no possibility of any slumping or deformation of the plastering material, it may not be well pressed by the trowell and the adhesion may be poor, or even i~ the plastering material is well attached to the ground or support with a moderate press force of the trowel, the plastering material may prevent the trowel from being slid '7 easiIy .
It is considered that ~he plastering material in accordance with the invention can have all the ~bove-mentioned characteristics, which are contrary to each other, owing to the fact that a synthetic high molecular admixture is added into an inorganic binding ma~erial, and as aggregate, slag and lightweight spheroidaL substance are mixed into the material, in addition to silica sand, in properly determined proportions. According to the results of experiments, the composition ratio of the mixed aggregate allowing the plastering material to have the above-mentioned characteristics (1) to ~7) is not larger than 70 ~ wt.
silica sand, 25 % wt. to 75 % wt. slag and 5 ~ wt. to 50 % wt. lightweight spheroidal substance, the sum of the silica sand and the slag being 95 % wt. to 50 % wt..
It has, however, been proved tha~, in case of employing only a substance of especially low specific gravity in lightweight spheroidal substances, the plastering material is still fit for use even if the proportion of the lightweight spheroidal substance in the mixed aggregate i5 on the order of 2 wt~.
In addition, the plastering material in accordance with the invention can employ as the synthetic h;S~ molecular admixture a polymer dispersion of styrene-butadlene copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, acrylic ester
The above-mentioned characteristics (1) to ~7) are contrary to each other. Yor example, even if there is no possibility of any slumping or deformation of the plastering material, it may not be well pressed by the trowell and the adhesion may be poor, or even i~ the plastering material is well attached to the ground or support with a moderate press force of the trowel, the plastering material may prevent the trowel from being slid '7 easiIy .
It is considered that ~he plastering material in accordance with the invention can have all the ~bove-mentioned characteristics, which are contrary to each other, owing to the fact that a synthetic high molecular admixture is added into an inorganic binding ma~erial, and as aggregate, slag and lightweight spheroidaL substance are mixed into the material, in addition to silica sand, in properly determined proportions. According to the results of experiments, the composition ratio of the mixed aggregate allowing the plastering material to have the above-mentioned characteristics (1) to ~7) is not larger than 70 ~ wt.
silica sand, 25 % wt. to 75 % wt. slag and 5 ~ wt. to 50 % wt. lightweight spheroidal substance, the sum of the silica sand and the slag being 95 % wt. to 50 % wt..
It has, however, been proved tha~, in case of employing only a substance of especially low specific gravity in lightweight spheroidal substances, the plastering material is still fit for use even if the proportion of the lightweight spheroidal substance in the mixed aggregate i5 on the order of 2 wt~.
In addition, the plastering material in accordance with the invention can employ as the synthetic h;S~ molecular admixture a polymer dispersion of styrene-butadlene copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, acrylic ester
7~
copolymPr, vinyl chloride copolymer or vin~l acetate copolymer~ and/or water-soluble cellulose ether or other high molecular substance. The polymer-inorganic binding material ratio should be from more than O to not larger than 45 ~ wt. on the basis of solid content. Moreover, the ratio of the inorganic binding material to the mixed aggregate is 1:1.0 to 4.0 by volume.
The invention employs as the inorganic binding material (referred to as "cement" hereinafter~ ordinary Portland cement, high early strength Portland cement, alumina cement, mixed cement, gypsum, lime and so on~ It is also possible to add an inorganic andJor organlc ~ibrous material in order to further improve the reinforcing effect. The plastering material in accordance with the invention is used to cover ordinary structures internally and externally. The plastering material is, moreover, employed as a bonding material for pottery tiles and other stone or finishing materials used in internal and external works and as materials for forming insulating and sound absorbing layers. Further, the trowelled surface of the plastering material is suitable for the embossed finish by a roller or the like as it is. In addition, the plastering material is suitable for use as a material for repairing buildings and other structures and a material for filling the gap between members~
r Each of the raw materials employed in the plastering material of the invention has such effects on the thick set plastering material as shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Has a ball bearing effect: the trowelling workability is improved owing to the spheroidal shape.
Permits the pl~ster to be more lightweight.
Possible to relax any stress generated Lightweight by the thermal-and moisture movements spheroidal in the building frame and the finished substance layer and provides deformability.
Has moisture in an amount sufficient for the plastering material to hydrate even after gelling and hardening, so that workability i5 improved and the hydration is promoted. Increase in thixotropy. Suitable for the thick set plastering material.
Has a proper water absorption property, so that the plastering material starts the initial absorption of moisture during the application to begin to Slag solidify and hence hardly slumps or is not easily deformed.
Has a large angle of internal friction since it is pulverulent and grannular and has rough surface, so that an arch effect can be expected
copolymPr, vinyl chloride copolymer or vin~l acetate copolymer~ and/or water-soluble cellulose ether or other high molecular substance. The polymer-inorganic binding material ratio should be from more than O to not larger than 45 ~ wt. on the basis of solid content. Moreover, the ratio of the inorganic binding material to the mixed aggregate is 1:1.0 to 4.0 by volume.
The invention employs as the inorganic binding material (referred to as "cement" hereinafter~ ordinary Portland cement, high early strength Portland cement, alumina cement, mixed cement, gypsum, lime and so on~ It is also possible to add an inorganic andJor organlc ~ibrous material in order to further improve the reinforcing effect. The plastering material in accordance with the invention is used to cover ordinary structures internally and externally. The plastering material is, moreover, employed as a bonding material for pottery tiles and other stone or finishing materials used in internal and external works and as materials for forming insulating and sound absorbing layers. Further, the trowelled surface of the plastering material is suitable for the embossed finish by a roller or the like as it is. In addition, the plastering material is suitable for use as a material for repairing buildings and other structures and a material for filling the gap between members~
r Each of the raw materials employed in the plastering material of the invention has such effects on the thick set plastering material as shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Has a ball bearing effect: the trowelling workability is improved owing to the spheroidal shape.
Permits the pl~ster to be more lightweight.
Possible to relax any stress generated Lightweight by the thermal-and moisture movements spheroidal in the building frame and the finished substance layer and provides deformability.
Has moisture in an amount sufficient for the plastering material to hydrate even after gelling and hardening, so that workability i5 improved and the hydration is promoted. Increase in thixotropy. Suitable for the thick set plastering material.
Has a proper water absorption property, so that the plastering material starts the initial absorption of moisture during the application to begin to Slag solidify and hence hardly slumps or is not easily deformed.
Has a large angle of internal friction since it is pulverulent and grannular and has rough surface, so that an arch effect can be expected
8~
to be obtained, and the plastering material is well held by the trowel.
Improves mechanical properties over a long period through alkaline hardening. Increase in thi~otropy.
Suitable for the thick set plastering material~
Has a large angle of internal ~riction since it is pulverulent and granular as well as angular, so that an arch ~ffect can be expected to be obtained Silica sand and the plastering material hardly slumps and is not easily deformed.
Reduction in arying shrinkage amount.
5uitable for the thick set plastering material.
Improves water reten ion and workability during the work and adhesion to the sround or support and waterproofness Synthetic of the plastering material after it is high molecular hardened. Reduction in drying shrinkage admixture amount. Improvement in flexing resistance and deformability.
Suitable for the thick set plastering material.
With respect to the above-mentioned mixing proportions, if the proportion of the lightweight spheroidal substance is less than 2 ~ wt., the plastering material will undesirably become adhesive to ~he trowel~ deteriorating workability and making the plas~ering material impractical.
On the othex hand, if the mixing proportion of the lightweight spheroidal substance exceeds 50 ~ wt., the plastering ma~erial cannot be well pressed by the trowel, and it becomes impossible to apply a necessary pressure to the ground surface. -Therefore, the plastering material loses adhesion required and is impractical. In addition, a slag content less than 25 ~ wt. makes it possible to lay on the plastering material in a thin layer, hindering the operator from daring to lay on the plastering material in a thick layer. Accordingly, a plas~ering material having a slag content less than 25 % wt. is unsuitable for use as the thlck set plastering material. On the other hand, a slag content exceeding 75 ~ wt. renders contraction cracks to be easily caused. MoreoverO it is possible to add an inorganic and/or organic fibrous material in order to further improve the reinforcing effect and prevent the generation of contraction cracks. The invention will be described hereinunder through experimental examples with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Brief Description of the Drawings:
Fig. 1 shows the principles of an apparatus for testing the characteristics of the plastering material in accordance with the invention;
Fig. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the F value and t'ne coat ~hickness of the plastering material in accordance with the invention;
Fig. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the M value and the coat thickness of the plastering material in accordance with the invention;
FigO 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the y value and the coat thickness of the plastering material in accordance with the invention;
Fig. S is a graph showing the relationship between the F value and the ~ value of the plastering material ;n accordance with the invention; and Fig~ 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the F value and the M value of the plastering material in accordance with the invention.
Experimental Example 1:
First of all, the aggregates employed have such qualities as shown in Table-2.
Table-2 -_ Oven dry BulkSolid volume Klnd ofspecific density of aggregate agg~e~ategravitv (Kg/~)(%) _ No. 5 2.60 1.33 51.4 silica sand _ Slag 2.32 l 28 58.5 Glass hollow 0.70. 0.38 54.3 mlcrosphere _ .
i'7~
The composition ratio of the mixed aggregate employed in the experimen~s is such as shown in Table-3.
Table-3 _ Composition ratio (wt) Mixed aggregate No. 5 s~ a sand Slag Glass hollow mlcrosphere .
_ _ Cement mortar was formed by adding ordinary Portland cement, a polymsr dispersion of styrene-butadiene rubber and water to each of the above-mentioned three kinds of mixed aggregates ~, B~ C, and was tested by an apparatus shown in Fig. 1 to measure the F value, ~ value and M
value, and the results shown in Figs. 2 to ~ were obtained.
In this case, the polymer-cement ratio was 7 % wt. on the basis oE solid content, the ratio o cement to mixed aggregage was 1:2 by volume; and the water-cement ratio was 48 ~ wt.. In addition, the room temperature was 20 + 2C;
the humidity was 60 ~ 5 % RH; and the used water temperature was 18C.
The thick set characteristics of the above-mentioned three kinds of mor~ar by trowelling five minutes after kneading will be considered hereinunder according to the results of the experiments. Referring ~irst to Figs. 2 to 4, whe~ laid on in a thick layer (20 mm) the mortar employing the mixed aggregate A has an extraordinarily small F valuz and an unusually large ~ value, so that the mortar is difficult to apply. On the other hand, when laid on in a thin layex (5 mm) the mortar employing the mixed aggregate A has a small ~ value and properly large F and M
values. Accordingly, it is suitable for use as a thin set mortar but unsuitable for a thick set mortar. The reason for this is assumed that the mixed aggregate includes no glass hollow microsphere.
The mortar employing the mixed aggregate B, on the other hand, does not have much large differences in the F, M and ~ values between the cases where it is laid on in a thick layer and in a thin layer and hence can be laid on in a thin layer. Consequently~ there is a possibility that even if instructed to lay on the mortar in a thick layer, the operator inevitably lays on the same in a thin layer.
Therefore, although the mortar employing the mixed aggregate B can be used as a thick set mortar, it is not optimum.
The mortar employing the mixed aggregate C has properly large F and M values even when laid on in a thick 7~
layer (20 ~n) and can be properly pressed against the ground or suppor~ by the ~row~l as well as has a small ~ value to allow the trow 1 to ~lide smoothly, so that the mortar is easily laid on in a thick layer. Moreover, if the mortar is laid on in a thin layer, the F and M values extremeily increase, so that the operator unintentionally lays on the mortar thick in one stroke of trowelling at a building site. The reason for this i5 assumed that a larger amount of slag is mixed into the mixed aggregate and in addition, the glass hollow microsphere is mixad thereinto.
Figs. S and 6 show proper characteristic regions ~shadowed region~) presumed in consideration of balance of the facilitation of the thick coating work and the improvement in the characteristics of the hardened finlshed layer due to the property of the mortar to be well pressed against the ground or support.
In the apparatus (referred to as "oblique charge-rheometer", see Fig. 1) employed in the above-mentioned experiments, the length ~ (in the direction of advance) of a blade 1 ~corresponding to the trowel surface) was 200 mmi; the width thereof was 90 mm; the shortest distance h between the trowel surface and the grip center was 35 mm; the angle made by the blade and the sample was 1.4 degrees; the velocity v of the blade was 25 cm/sec.; and tha coat 7 ~
thicknesses T were 5 mm, 10 mm, 15 mm and 20 mm. In Figs. 5 and 6, a symbol denotes a coat thickness of 5 mm, while symbols O, 4 and n designate coa~ thicknesses of 10 mm, 15 mm and 20 mm, respectively.
To sum up, according to the invention, the above-mentioned mixed aggregate is employed as aggregate, and 25 % ~t. to 75 % wt. slag and 5 ~ wt. to 50 % wt. lightweight spheroidal substance are mixed thereinto. Therefore, the plastering material in accordance with the invention has properly large F and M values and is small in y value! so that the material can advantageously satisfy the various characteris~ics required of a thic~ set plastering material.
Next, the adhesive strength under tension of the finished layer of the mortar employing the mixed aggregate C at the age of four weeks was measured, the mortar being laid on an RC frame wall in a single trowelling with a thickness o 15 ~n, to obtain 10.5 to 13.7 Kgf/cm2 on five t~st specimens.
In the a~ove-mentioned experiment, the hardened cement mortar showed a reliable adhesion, and no crack nor craze was caused even after three months elapsed.
Next, mortar specimens were prepared in accordance with JISR 5201 and cured to the age of four weeks in an environment of 20C and 60 % RH to obtain the flexural .. . ., - ~ .. . .
i7~
strength and the flexural modulus of elasticity. The result~ are shown in Table-40 It has been confirmed that the mortar employing the mixed aggerage C is smaller in both flexural strength and flexural modulus of elasticity than the mortar employing a mixed aggregate D as well as excellent in deformability and able to relax the stress generated by the thermal and moisture movements.
Table -4 The number of specimens: three __ . _ Flexural strength Flexural modulus of ~lasticity Mixed aggregate (Kgficm ~ (Kgf/c~2 X 105) _ A 55.2 0.77 _ B 37.4 0.41 _ _ _ _ _ .
C 35.8 0.4~
_ D 59.2 1.09 Note: D is composed of silica sand, slag and glass hollow microsphere in the ratio of 50:50:0 by weight, including no synthetic high molecular admixture, having a water-cement ratio of 48 wt.%.
Moreover, to perform a water absorption test, mortar specimens were prepared in accordance with JISA 6203 and cured to the age of four weeks in an environment of 20C
and 60 ~ ~H to obtain the air-dry unit weight and the water absorptlon (after absorbirlg water for 48 hours ) . The results are shown in Table-5. The waterproofness has been proved to be satisfactory.
Table 5 . The number of specimens: three _ Air-dry unit Water adsorption Mixed aggregate welght (% vol.) _ _ A 1.60 15.5 _ B 1.18 14.1 C 1.14 15.8 _ 1.99 15.3 .
Note: D is the same as in Table-4.
Experimental Example 2:
The qualities of the employed aggregates arP such as shown in Table-6.
Table-6 _ . . _ .
Oven dry - Bulk solid volume Kind ~f specific density of aggregate aggregate gravity ~Kg/~) (%) _ _ sand 2.60 1.49 57.6 _ Slag 2.32 1.2255.3 Glass hollow 0.70 0.38 54.3 ~icrosphere Mote: the mixed silica sand is composed of No. 3 silica sand and No. 6 silica sand in the ratio of 60:40 by weight.
The composition ra~io of the mixed aggregates employed in the experiments are such as shown Table-7.
Table-7 _ , Ni d Composition ratio.(wt) xe aggre8ate Mlxed silica sand Slag Glass hollow microsphere _ _ _ Cement mortars were prepared by adding ordinary Portland cement, a polymer dispersion of styrene-butadiene rubber and water to each of the above-mentioned two kinds of mixed aggregates E, Ft and various characteristics th~reof were measured to obtain the results shown in Table-8 and Table-9.
7~3 In this case, ~he polymer-cement ratio was 4 % wt. on the basis of solid content; the ratio of the cement to the mixed aggregate was 1:2~5 by volume; and the water-cement ratio was 56 % wt. for the mixed aggregate E and 55 % wt.
for the mixed aggregate F. The room temperature was 25 + 3C; the humidity was 65 ~ 5 % RH; and the used water temperature wa~ 21C.
The testing method and conditions were the same as those in Experimental Example 1.
Table -8 The numbe r o f spe c ime ns: three Flexural strengthFlexural modulus of Mixed aggregate 2 ~ 5 (Kgf/cm ) elasticity (Kgr/cm~X 10 ) E 25.4 0.62 _ F 30.9 0.77 Ta ble -9 _ Air-dry unit Water absorption Mixed aggregate ' weight (% vol.~
_ E 1.83 18.7 _ F 1.93 18.0 -Table-10 shows the results of testing the adhesive strength under tension of walls at the age of four weeks having concrete grounds coated with the above-mentioned -2~-7~
polymer cement mortars to a thickness of 25 mm, respec~ively.
Table -10 The number of specimens: three Mixed aggregate ¦ Adhesive ~trength by traction (Kgf/cm ) .
E 6~8 ~ 5.5 The walls finished with the respective polymer cement mortars were excellent in deformability, so ~hat no crack nor craze was caused even after three months elapsed.
Experimental Example 3:
Cement mortars were prepared by adding ordinary Portland cement, water-soluble cellulose ether and water to each of the same mixed aggregates E, F as those two kinds of mixed aggregates employed in Experimental Example 2, and various characteristics thereof were measured to obtain the results shown in Table-ll and Table-12.
In this case, the polymer-cement ratio was 0.3 % wt.;
the ratio of the cement to the mixed aggregate was 1:205 by volume; and the water-cement ratio was 67 % wt. for both the mixed aggregates E, F. The room temperature was 25 + 3C; the humidity was 65 + 5 % RH; and the usea water temperature was 21C.
The tesing method and conditions were the same as those in Experimental Examples 1 and 2.
'~U` t . ~ . .. . . . ~ ~ ~. . _ ~, . I ~,.ff .
7~
Table-ll The number of specimens: three _ -- i Flexural streng~h Flexur21 modulus of Mixed 2ggragate (Kgf/~m ) elasticity (Kgf~cm2 X 105) _ - E 22.0 0.80 F 21.8 0.63 _ _ _ Table-12 _ _ , Air-dry unit Water absorption Mixed aggragate weight (Z vol.) _ E 1.81 19.3 F 1.88 14.1 _ Table-13 shows the results of testing the adhesive strength by traction of wall~ at the age of four weeks having concrete grounds coated with the above-mentioned polymer cement mortars to a thickness of 22 mm, respectively.
Table-13 The number of specimens: three Mixed aggregate Adhesive strength by traction (Kgf/cm2) . _ _ E 5.2 _ F 5.6 . .
The walls finished with the respective polymer cement 7~
mortars were excellent in deformability9 so that only a small number of crazes were caused when ~hree months had passed; no crack was caused.
The thick set plastering material in accordance with the invention will be descri~ed hereinunder through practical exarnples.
Practical Example 1:
Cement and a mixed aggregate prepared by mixing 50 % wt. silica sand; 40 % wt. blast-furnace slag sand shown in Table-2 and 10 ~ wt. glass hollow microsphere were compounded with each other in the ratio of 1 to 2.5 by volume. Moreover, a polymer dispersion of styrene-butadiene rubber was added to the cement in a polymer-cement ratio of 10 ~ wt. on the basi~ of solid content. The cement mortar kneaded with a water-cement ratio of 35 % wt. was applied in one to two successive coats or layers in the state of fresh mortar on an RC external wall surface of about 5 m2 to a thickness of 15 mm to 25 mm for the purpose of repair.
As a result, no abnormalities such as crack, craze and partial dissociation were found after six months elapsed.
Practical Example 2:
C~ment and a mixed aggregate prepared by mixing 30 % wt. silica sand, 50 % wt. blast-Eurnace slag sand shown in Table-2 and 20 ~ wt. glass hollow microsphere were compounded with each other in the ratio of 1 to 2 by i7~
volume. Moreover~ ethylene-vinyl acetate copol~mer emulsion was added to the cement in a polymer-cement ratio of 19 % wt~ on the basis of solid content. The cement mortar kneaded with a water-cement ratio of 45 % wt. was applied in two to three successive coats or layers in the state of fresh mortar on a ceiling RC beam over an area of about 10 m2 to a thickness of 30 mm to 50 mm for the purpose of repairing a portion of the lower e~d part of the beam where the initially applied mortar had been di~sociated from the horizontal reinforcing bar. As a result, no a~normality was found after six months passed. The adhesive strength by traction of the mortar at the same age was not less than 10 Kgf/cm20 Practical Example 3:
Cement and a mixed aggregate prepared by mixing 40 % wt. silica sand, 55 ~ wt. blast-furnace slag sand shown in Table-6 and 5 % wt. glass hollow microsphere were compounded with each other in the ratio of 1 to 1.5 by volume. Moreover, a polymer dispersion of styrene-butadiene rubber was added to the cement in a polymer-cement ratio of 7 % wt. on the basis of solid content. The cement mortar kneaded with a water-cement ratio of 38 ~ wt. was employed as a mortar for bonding tiles. The ground or support, which was a waterproof wood chip-cement board of 12 mm thickness, was rendered with a cement-rich, polymer-rich ~2~--r - ~-n 7~
mortar having a polymer~cement ra~io of 12`% (on the basis of the weight of the solid conten~ of a polymer dispersion of styrene-butadiene ru~ber), the ratio of cement to mixed aggregate of loO.7 by volume and a water-cement ratio of 30 % wt.. Thereafter, exterior tiles of 108 by 60 mm having a thickness of 16 mm were contact-bonded to the first coat by means of the above-mentioned mortar with a bondi~g layer thickness oE 8 to 12 mm. As a result, no abnormalities such as partial dissociation and crack were found after six months elapsed~ The adhesive strength by traction of the mortar at the same age was 5 to 7 Kgf/cm2.
Practical Example 4:
Cement and a mixed aggregate prepared by mixing 34 ~ wt. silica sand, 63 % wt. blast-furnace slag sand shown in Table-6~ 2~5 % wt. glass hollow microsphere and 0.5 ~ wt. foamed polystyrene particle having a maximum size of about 3 mm which is mixed with flake and sphere-like form were compounded with each other in the ratio of 1 to 2.5 by volume. Moreover, a polymer dispersion of styrene-butadiene rubber was added to the cement in a polymer-cement ratio of 5 % wt. on the basis of solid content. The cement mortar kneaded with a water-cement ratio of 52 ~ wt. was applied in two to three successive coa~s or layers in the state of fresh mortar on an exterior wall over an area of about 3 m2 to a thickness of 20 mm to 7~
30 rnm for the support of finishing. As a result, no abl~ormaliti~s ~;uch as partial dissociation and crack were found after two months passed~ The adhesive strength by traction of the mortal at the age of eight weeks was about 4 to 6 Kg f /cm
to be obtained, and the plastering material is well held by the trowel.
Improves mechanical properties over a long period through alkaline hardening. Increase in thi~otropy.
Suitable for the thick set plastering material~
Has a large angle of internal ~riction since it is pulverulent and granular as well as angular, so that an arch ~ffect can be expected to be obtained Silica sand and the plastering material hardly slumps and is not easily deformed.
Reduction in arying shrinkage amount.
5uitable for the thick set plastering material.
Improves water reten ion and workability during the work and adhesion to the sround or support and waterproofness Synthetic of the plastering material after it is high molecular hardened. Reduction in drying shrinkage admixture amount. Improvement in flexing resistance and deformability.
Suitable for the thick set plastering material.
With respect to the above-mentioned mixing proportions, if the proportion of the lightweight spheroidal substance is less than 2 ~ wt., the plastering material will undesirably become adhesive to ~he trowel~ deteriorating workability and making the plas~ering material impractical.
On the othex hand, if the mixing proportion of the lightweight spheroidal substance exceeds 50 ~ wt., the plastering ma~erial cannot be well pressed by the trowel, and it becomes impossible to apply a necessary pressure to the ground surface. -Therefore, the plastering material loses adhesion required and is impractical. In addition, a slag content less than 25 ~ wt. makes it possible to lay on the plastering material in a thin layer, hindering the operator from daring to lay on the plastering material in a thick layer. Accordingly, a plas~ering material having a slag content less than 25 % wt. is unsuitable for use as the thlck set plastering material. On the other hand, a slag content exceeding 75 ~ wt. renders contraction cracks to be easily caused. MoreoverO it is possible to add an inorganic and/or organic fibrous material in order to further improve the reinforcing effect and prevent the generation of contraction cracks. The invention will be described hereinunder through experimental examples with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Brief Description of the Drawings:
Fig. 1 shows the principles of an apparatus for testing the characteristics of the plastering material in accordance with the invention;
Fig. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the F value and t'ne coat ~hickness of the plastering material in accordance with the invention;
Fig. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the M value and the coat thickness of the plastering material in accordance with the invention;
FigO 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the y value and the coat thickness of the plastering material in accordance with the invention;
Fig. S is a graph showing the relationship between the F value and the ~ value of the plastering material ;n accordance with the invention; and Fig~ 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the F value and the M value of the plastering material in accordance with the invention.
Experimental Example 1:
First of all, the aggregates employed have such qualities as shown in Table-2.
Table-2 -_ Oven dry BulkSolid volume Klnd ofspecific density of aggregate agg~e~ategravitv (Kg/~)(%) _ No. 5 2.60 1.33 51.4 silica sand _ Slag 2.32 l 28 58.5 Glass hollow 0.70. 0.38 54.3 mlcrosphere _ .
i'7~
The composition ratio of the mixed aggregate employed in the experimen~s is such as shown in Table-3.
Table-3 _ Composition ratio (wt) Mixed aggregate No. 5 s~ a sand Slag Glass hollow mlcrosphere .
_ _ Cement mortar was formed by adding ordinary Portland cement, a polymsr dispersion of styrene-butadiene rubber and water to each of the above-mentioned three kinds of mixed aggregates ~, B~ C, and was tested by an apparatus shown in Fig. 1 to measure the F value, ~ value and M
value, and the results shown in Figs. 2 to ~ were obtained.
In this case, the polymer-cement ratio was 7 % wt. on the basis oE solid content, the ratio o cement to mixed aggregage was 1:2 by volume; and the water-cement ratio was 48 ~ wt.. In addition, the room temperature was 20 + 2C;
the humidity was 60 ~ 5 % RH; and the used water temperature was 18C.
The thick set characteristics of the above-mentioned three kinds of mor~ar by trowelling five minutes after kneading will be considered hereinunder according to the results of the experiments. Referring ~irst to Figs. 2 to 4, whe~ laid on in a thick layer (20 mm) the mortar employing the mixed aggregate A has an extraordinarily small F valuz and an unusually large ~ value, so that the mortar is difficult to apply. On the other hand, when laid on in a thin layex (5 mm) the mortar employing the mixed aggregate A has a small ~ value and properly large F and M
values. Accordingly, it is suitable for use as a thin set mortar but unsuitable for a thick set mortar. The reason for this is assumed that the mixed aggregate includes no glass hollow microsphere.
The mortar employing the mixed aggregate B, on the other hand, does not have much large differences in the F, M and ~ values between the cases where it is laid on in a thick layer and in a thin layer and hence can be laid on in a thin layer. Consequently~ there is a possibility that even if instructed to lay on the mortar in a thick layer, the operator inevitably lays on the same in a thin layer.
Therefore, although the mortar employing the mixed aggregate B can be used as a thick set mortar, it is not optimum.
The mortar employing the mixed aggregate C has properly large F and M values even when laid on in a thick 7~
layer (20 ~n) and can be properly pressed against the ground or suppor~ by the ~row~l as well as has a small ~ value to allow the trow 1 to ~lide smoothly, so that the mortar is easily laid on in a thick layer. Moreover, if the mortar is laid on in a thin layer, the F and M values extremeily increase, so that the operator unintentionally lays on the mortar thick in one stroke of trowelling at a building site. The reason for this i5 assumed that a larger amount of slag is mixed into the mixed aggregate and in addition, the glass hollow microsphere is mixad thereinto.
Figs. S and 6 show proper characteristic regions ~shadowed region~) presumed in consideration of balance of the facilitation of the thick coating work and the improvement in the characteristics of the hardened finlshed layer due to the property of the mortar to be well pressed against the ground or support.
In the apparatus (referred to as "oblique charge-rheometer", see Fig. 1) employed in the above-mentioned experiments, the length ~ (in the direction of advance) of a blade 1 ~corresponding to the trowel surface) was 200 mmi; the width thereof was 90 mm; the shortest distance h between the trowel surface and the grip center was 35 mm; the angle made by the blade and the sample was 1.4 degrees; the velocity v of the blade was 25 cm/sec.; and tha coat 7 ~
thicknesses T were 5 mm, 10 mm, 15 mm and 20 mm. In Figs. 5 and 6, a symbol denotes a coat thickness of 5 mm, while symbols O, 4 and n designate coa~ thicknesses of 10 mm, 15 mm and 20 mm, respectively.
To sum up, according to the invention, the above-mentioned mixed aggregate is employed as aggregate, and 25 % ~t. to 75 % wt. slag and 5 ~ wt. to 50 % wt. lightweight spheroidal substance are mixed thereinto. Therefore, the plastering material in accordance with the invention has properly large F and M values and is small in y value! so that the material can advantageously satisfy the various characteris~ics required of a thic~ set plastering material.
Next, the adhesive strength under tension of the finished layer of the mortar employing the mixed aggregate C at the age of four weeks was measured, the mortar being laid on an RC frame wall in a single trowelling with a thickness o 15 ~n, to obtain 10.5 to 13.7 Kgf/cm2 on five t~st specimens.
In the a~ove-mentioned experiment, the hardened cement mortar showed a reliable adhesion, and no crack nor craze was caused even after three months elapsed.
Next, mortar specimens were prepared in accordance with JISR 5201 and cured to the age of four weeks in an environment of 20C and 60 % RH to obtain the flexural .. . ., - ~ .. . .
i7~
strength and the flexural modulus of elasticity. The result~ are shown in Table-40 It has been confirmed that the mortar employing the mixed aggerage C is smaller in both flexural strength and flexural modulus of elasticity than the mortar employing a mixed aggregate D as well as excellent in deformability and able to relax the stress generated by the thermal and moisture movements.
Table -4 The number of specimens: three __ . _ Flexural strength Flexural modulus of ~lasticity Mixed aggregate (Kgficm ~ (Kgf/c~2 X 105) _ A 55.2 0.77 _ B 37.4 0.41 _ _ _ _ _ .
C 35.8 0.4~
_ D 59.2 1.09 Note: D is composed of silica sand, slag and glass hollow microsphere in the ratio of 50:50:0 by weight, including no synthetic high molecular admixture, having a water-cement ratio of 48 wt.%.
Moreover, to perform a water absorption test, mortar specimens were prepared in accordance with JISA 6203 and cured to the age of four weeks in an environment of 20C
and 60 ~ ~H to obtain the air-dry unit weight and the water absorptlon (after absorbirlg water for 48 hours ) . The results are shown in Table-5. The waterproofness has been proved to be satisfactory.
Table 5 . The number of specimens: three _ Air-dry unit Water adsorption Mixed aggregate welght (% vol.) _ _ A 1.60 15.5 _ B 1.18 14.1 C 1.14 15.8 _ 1.99 15.3 .
Note: D is the same as in Table-4.
Experimental Example 2:
The qualities of the employed aggregates arP such as shown in Table-6.
Table-6 _ . . _ .
Oven dry - Bulk solid volume Kind ~f specific density of aggregate aggregate gravity ~Kg/~) (%) _ _ sand 2.60 1.49 57.6 _ Slag 2.32 1.2255.3 Glass hollow 0.70 0.38 54.3 ~icrosphere Mote: the mixed silica sand is composed of No. 3 silica sand and No. 6 silica sand in the ratio of 60:40 by weight.
The composition ra~io of the mixed aggregates employed in the experiments are such as shown Table-7.
Table-7 _ , Ni d Composition ratio.(wt) xe aggre8ate Mlxed silica sand Slag Glass hollow microsphere _ _ _ Cement mortars were prepared by adding ordinary Portland cement, a polymer dispersion of styrene-butadiene rubber and water to each of the above-mentioned two kinds of mixed aggregates E, Ft and various characteristics th~reof were measured to obtain the results shown in Table-8 and Table-9.
7~3 In this case, ~he polymer-cement ratio was 4 % wt. on the basis of solid content; the ratio of the cement to the mixed aggregate was 1:2~5 by volume; and the water-cement ratio was 56 % wt. for the mixed aggregate E and 55 % wt.
for the mixed aggregate F. The room temperature was 25 + 3C; the humidity was 65 ~ 5 % RH; and the used water temperature wa~ 21C.
The testing method and conditions were the same as those in Experimental Example 1.
Table -8 The numbe r o f spe c ime ns: three Flexural strengthFlexural modulus of Mixed aggregate 2 ~ 5 (Kgf/cm ) elasticity (Kgr/cm~X 10 ) E 25.4 0.62 _ F 30.9 0.77 Ta ble -9 _ Air-dry unit Water absorption Mixed aggregate ' weight (% vol.~
_ E 1.83 18.7 _ F 1.93 18.0 -Table-10 shows the results of testing the adhesive strength under tension of walls at the age of four weeks having concrete grounds coated with the above-mentioned -2~-7~
polymer cement mortars to a thickness of 25 mm, respec~ively.
Table -10 The number of specimens: three Mixed aggregate ¦ Adhesive ~trength by traction (Kgf/cm ) .
E 6~8 ~ 5.5 The walls finished with the respective polymer cement mortars were excellent in deformability, so ~hat no crack nor craze was caused even after three months elapsed.
Experimental Example 3:
Cement mortars were prepared by adding ordinary Portland cement, water-soluble cellulose ether and water to each of the same mixed aggregates E, F as those two kinds of mixed aggregates employed in Experimental Example 2, and various characteristics thereof were measured to obtain the results shown in Table-ll and Table-12.
In this case, the polymer-cement ratio was 0.3 % wt.;
the ratio of the cement to the mixed aggregate was 1:205 by volume; and the water-cement ratio was 67 % wt. for both the mixed aggregates E, F. The room temperature was 25 + 3C; the humidity was 65 + 5 % RH; and the usea water temperature was 21C.
The tesing method and conditions were the same as those in Experimental Examples 1 and 2.
'~U` t . ~ . .. . . . ~ ~ ~. . _ ~, . I ~,.ff .
7~
Table-ll The number of specimens: three _ -- i Flexural streng~h Flexur21 modulus of Mixed 2ggragate (Kgf/~m ) elasticity (Kgf~cm2 X 105) _ - E 22.0 0.80 F 21.8 0.63 _ _ _ Table-12 _ _ , Air-dry unit Water absorption Mixed aggragate weight (Z vol.) _ E 1.81 19.3 F 1.88 14.1 _ Table-13 shows the results of testing the adhesive strength by traction of wall~ at the age of four weeks having concrete grounds coated with the above-mentioned polymer cement mortars to a thickness of 22 mm, respectively.
Table-13 The number of specimens: three Mixed aggregate Adhesive strength by traction (Kgf/cm2) . _ _ E 5.2 _ F 5.6 . .
The walls finished with the respective polymer cement 7~
mortars were excellent in deformability9 so that only a small number of crazes were caused when ~hree months had passed; no crack was caused.
The thick set plastering material in accordance with the invention will be descri~ed hereinunder through practical exarnples.
Practical Example 1:
Cement and a mixed aggregate prepared by mixing 50 % wt. silica sand; 40 % wt. blast-furnace slag sand shown in Table-2 and 10 ~ wt. glass hollow microsphere were compounded with each other in the ratio of 1 to 2.5 by volume. Moreover, a polymer dispersion of styrene-butadiene rubber was added to the cement in a polymer-cement ratio of 10 ~ wt. on the basi~ of solid content. The cement mortar kneaded with a water-cement ratio of 35 % wt. was applied in one to two successive coats or layers in the state of fresh mortar on an RC external wall surface of about 5 m2 to a thickness of 15 mm to 25 mm for the purpose of repair.
As a result, no abnormalities such as crack, craze and partial dissociation were found after six months elapsed.
Practical Example 2:
C~ment and a mixed aggregate prepared by mixing 30 % wt. silica sand, 50 % wt. blast-Eurnace slag sand shown in Table-2 and 20 ~ wt. glass hollow microsphere were compounded with each other in the ratio of 1 to 2 by i7~
volume. Moreover~ ethylene-vinyl acetate copol~mer emulsion was added to the cement in a polymer-cement ratio of 19 % wt~ on the basis of solid content. The cement mortar kneaded with a water-cement ratio of 45 % wt. was applied in two to three successive coats or layers in the state of fresh mortar on a ceiling RC beam over an area of about 10 m2 to a thickness of 30 mm to 50 mm for the purpose of repairing a portion of the lower e~d part of the beam where the initially applied mortar had been di~sociated from the horizontal reinforcing bar. As a result, no a~normality was found after six months passed. The adhesive strength by traction of the mortar at the same age was not less than 10 Kgf/cm20 Practical Example 3:
Cement and a mixed aggregate prepared by mixing 40 % wt. silica sand, 55 ~ wt. blast-furnace slag sand shown in Table-6 and 5 % wt. glass hollow microsphere were compounded with each other in the ratio of 1 to 1.5 by volume. Moreover, a polymer dispersion of styrene-butadiene rubber was added to the cement in a polymer-cement ratio of 7 % wt. on the basis of solid content. The cement mortar kneaded with a water-cement ratio of 38 ~ wt. was employed as a mortar for bonding tiles. The ground or support, which was a waterproof wood chip-cement board of 12 mm thickness, was rendered with a cement-rich, polymer-rich ~2~--r - ~-n 7~
mortar having a polymer~cement ra~io of 12`% (on the basis of the weight of the solid conten~ of a polymer dispersion of styrene-butadiene ru~ber), the ratio of cement to mixed aggregate of loO.7 by volume and a water-cement ratio of 30 % wt.. Thereafter, exterior tiles of 108 by 60 mm having a thickness of 16 mm were contact-bonded to the first coat by means of the above-mentioned mortar with a bondi~g layer thickness oE 8 to 12 mm. As a result, no abnormalities such as partial dissociation and crack were found after six months elapsed~ The adhesive strength by traction of the mortar at the same age was 5 to 7 Kgf/cm2.
Practical Example 4:
Cement and a mixed aggregate prepared by mixing 34 ~ wt. silica sand, 63 % wt. blast-furnace slag sand shown in Table-6~ 2~5 % wt. glass hollow microsphere and 0.5 ~ wt. foamed polystyrene particle having a maximum size of about 3 mm which is mixed with flake and sphere-like form were compounded with each other in the ratio of 1 to 2.5 by volume. Moreover, a polymer dispersion of styrene-butadiene rubber was added to the cement in a polymer-cement ratio of 5 % wt. on the basis of solid content. The cement mortar kneaded with a water-cement ratio of 52 ~ wt. was applied in two to three successive coa~s or layers in the state of fresh mortar on an exterior wall over an area of about 3 m2 to a thickness of 20 mm to 7~
30 rnm for the support of finishing. As a result, no abl~ormaliti~s ~;uch as partial dissociation and crack were found after two months passed~ The adhesive strength by traction of the mortal at the age of eight weeks was about 4 to 6 Kg f /cm
Claims (4)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A thick setting polymer containing cement mortar comprising a Portland cement or mixture cement, a mixed aggregate, and a water-soluble and/or dispersion-like polymer wherein said Portland cement or mixture cement and said mixed aggregate are present in a ratio of 1:1.0 to 4.0 by volume, said mixed aggregate consisting essentially of 25 to 75 weight percent, based on the weight of the mixed aggregate, of blast furnace slay, up to 70 weight percent, based on the weight of the mixed aggregate, of silica sand, said silica sand being present in an amount sufficient to reduce slumping or deformation in the cement mortar and 5 to 50% by weight, based on the weight of the mixed aggregate, of lightweight spherical substances, said blast-furnace slag having a nominal mesh size of less than 5mm, and said lightweight spherical substances including inorganic hollow microspheres and/or microspherical sub-stances having a specific gravity of less than 10% and a nominal mesh size of less than 3mm and wherein the sum of the silica sand and the blast furnace slag is 50% to 95%
by weight based on the weight of the mixed aggregate; said polymer being present in amounts sufficient to improve the water retention and workability of the mortar composition.
by weight based on the weight of the mixed aggregate; said polymer being present in amounts sufficient to improve the water retention and workability of the mortar composition.
2. A thick setting polymer-containing cement mortar as defined in claim 1 wherein said polymer is present in amounts higher than 0% but not larger than 45%
by weight, based on the weight of the Portland cement or mixture cement.
by weight, based on the weight of the Portland cement or mixture cement.
3. A thick setting polymer-containing cement mortar as defined in claim 1, in which the light weight spherical substances are glass hollow microspheres.
4. A thick setting polymer-containing cement mortar as defined in claim 1, wherein said polymer is selected from the group consisting of a styrene-butadiene copolymer, an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, an acrylic ester copolymer, vinyl chloride copolymer and a vinyl acetate copolymer in a polymer dispersion form, a water soluble cellulose ether and mixtures thereof.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP57-132358 | 1982-07-28 | ||
| JP57132358A JPS5921564A (en) | 1982-07-28 | 1982-07-28 | Plaster material for thick coating |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1218679A true CA1218679A (en) | 1987-03-03 |
Family
ID=15079492
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000433301A Expired CA1218679A (en) | 1982-07-28 | 1983-07-27 | Thick set plastering material |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5921564A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR900002297B1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1218679A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3327167A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2531065B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2124610B (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA835458B (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS59213654A (en) * | 1983-05-19 | 1984-12-03 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | Thick-plastering material composition |
| ES2187245B1 (en) * | 2000-08-02 | 2004-06-16 | Universidad De Granada | PORTIFUL ARTIFICIAL STONE: PREFABRICATED AND ADAPTABLE MORTARS (KIT) FOR APPLICATION IN CONSTRUCTION AND RESTORATION WORKS. |
| KR20020088533A (en) * | 2001-05-18 | 2002-11-29 | 주식회사 서린건축사사무소 | finishing member make use of electric furnace slag |
Family Cites Families (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB597486A (en) * | 1945-08-21 | 1948-01-27 | Louis Gelbman | Improvements in lightweight concrete aggregate |
| US3196122A (en) * | 1964-02-14 | 1965-07-20 | Master Mechanics Company | Cementitious compositions containing acrylic ester polymers |
| DE1646495C3 (en) * | 1967-11-10 | 1982-05-06 | Deutsche Amphibolin-Werke Von Robert Murjahn, 6105 Ober-Ramstadt | Plaster compounds with a high thermal insulation value |
| GB1218411A (en) * | 1968-03-13 | 1971-01-06 | Thermocrete Baupatente Verwetu | Improvements relating to methods of making mortar and concrete |
| US3538036A (en) * | 1968-04-25 | 1970-11-03 | Harry T Campbell Sons Corp | Concrete composition containing polymeric acrylic resin |
| DE2345692B1 (en) * | 1973-09-11 | 1975-03-06 | Wasagchemie Ag | Structural lightweight concrete of particularly low density |
| US3955992A (en) * | 1973-12-17 | 1976-05-11 | Albert Lee Roberts | Cementitious wall composition and method |
| FR2299292A1 (en) * | 1975-01-29 | 1976-08-27 | Valigiani Marc | Composite building material used for thermal and acoustic insulation - comprising cellular concrete or mortar filled with hollow glass spheres |
| GB1543562A (en) * | 1975-02-07 | 1979-04-04 | Laing & Son Ltd John | Water-hardenable compositions and their manufacture |
| FR2307092A1 (en) * | 1975-04-07 | 1976-11-05 | Bonnal Et Cie Renaulac | Sprayable thermal insulating wall plaster compsn. - contg. expanded glass granules polymeric binder and water, together with a hydraulic binder |
| DE2608927B2 (en) * | 1976-03-04 | 1978-03-02 | 4300 Essen | Aggregate for concrete, especially for concrete blocks with high compressive strength |
| DE2658128C3 (en) * | 1976-12-22 | 1982-03-25 | Dyckerhoff & Widmann AG, 8000 München | Flowable concrete mix |
| DE2708839B1 (en) * | 1977-03-01 | 1978-06-22 | Schmitz Wido F | Plaster made from aggregate and binding agent for coating components |
| JPS5412930A (en) * | 1977-06-30 | 1979-01-31 | Hitachi Chem Co Ltd | Racket frame |
| AT359907B (en) * | 1977-12-30 | 1980-12-10 | Perlmooser Zementwerke Ag | Mortar or concrete mix |
| GB2017673B (en) * | 1978-02-15 | 1982-10-06 | Fosroc International Ltd | Hydraulic cement compositions |
| CS215262B1 (en) * | 1978-04-27 | 1982-08-27 | Jaroslav Lebeda | Special plaster mortar material |
| US4277355A (en) * | 1979-09-28 | 1981-07-07 | Alexander Farcnik | Insulative fireproof textured coating |
| JPS5692153A (en) * | 1979-12-26 | 1981-07-25 | Japan Synthetic Rubber Co Ltd | Lightweight heattinsulating mortar composition |
-
1982
- 1982-07-28 JP JP57132358A patent/JPS5921564A/en active Granted
-
1983
- 1983-07-26 ZA ZA835458A patent/ZA835458B/en unknown
- 1983-07-27 FR FR8312428A patent/FR2531065B1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-07-27 CA CA000433301A patent/CA1218679A/en not_active Expired
- 1983-07-28 GB GB8320404A patent/GB2124610B/en not_active Expired
- 1983-07-28 KR KR1019830003519A patent/KR900002297B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-07-28 DE DE19833327167 patent/DE3327167A1/en not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS6214515B2 (en) | 1987-04-02 |
| KR840005419A (en) | 1984-11-12 |
| JPS5921564A (en) | 1984-02-03 |
| GB2124610B (en) | 1986-12-17 |
| KR900002297B1 (en) | 1990-04-10 |
| FR2531065B1 (en) | 1987-12-24 |
| DE3327167A1 (en) | 1984-02-09 |
| GB2124610A (en) | 1984-02-22 |
| ZA835458B (en) | 1984-04-25 |
| GB8320404D0 (en) | 1983-09-01 |
| FR2531065A1 (en) | 1984-02-03 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |