CA1216722A - Process for the production of shaped bodies formed from a glass fibre-reinforced polyvinyl chloride material - Google Patents
Process for the production of shaped bodies formed from a glass fibre-reinforced polyvinyl chloride materialInfo
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- CA1216722A CA1216722A CA000420483A CA420483A CA1216722A CA 1216722 A CA1216722 A CA 1216722A CA 000420483 A CA000420483 A CA 000420483A CA 420483 A CA420483 A CA 420483A CA 1216722 A CA1216722 A CA 1216722A
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- Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
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Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE:
An extrudable glass fiber-reinforced polyvinyl chloride composition made up of polyvinyl chloride resin having a K value between 55 and 75, glass fibers, and inorganic fillers different from the glass fibers, and conventional additives, including mold release agents, stabilizers, pro-cessing aids, and colorants for the production of extruded articles. The composition contains, per 100 parts by weight of a polyvinyl chloride resin, 50-100 parts by weight of glass fibers having a diameter of between 5 and 25 µm with a length up to 12 mm, and 5-25 parts by weight of a mineral filler having an average particle diameter of below 50 µm and exhib-iting a modulus of elasticity in the extrusion direction of an extruded product of at least 8,000N/mm2 at 23°C. And a profile strip for the manufacture of frames for windows or doors comprising a core profile formed of reinforced synthetic resin and a synthetic resin shell surrounding at least a part of the core profile, the core profile being formed of the above composition.
An extrudable glass fiber-reinforced polyvinyl chloride composition made up of polyvinyl chloride resin having a K value between 55 and 75, glass fibers, and inorganic fillers different from the glass fibers, and conventional additives, including mold release agents, stabilizers, pro-cessing aids, and colorants for the production of extruded articles. The composition contains, per 100 parts by weight of a polyvinyl chloride resin, 50-100 parts by weight of glass fibers having a diameter of between 5 and 25 µm with a length up to 12 mm, and 5-25 parts by weight of a mineral filler having an average particle diameter of below 50 µm and exhib-iting a modulus of elasticity in the extrusion direction of an extruded product of at least 8,000N/mm2 at 23°C. And a profile strip for the manufacture of frames for windows or doors comprising a core profile formed of reinforced synthetic resin and a synthetic resin shell surrounding at least a part of the core profile, the core profile being formed of the above composition.
Description
The present invention relates to a glass fiber reinforced polyvinyl chloride composition made up of polyvinyl chloride resin, glass fibers, and inorganic fillers differing from the glass fibers and optionally customary additives, such as mold release agents, stabilizers, processing aids, colorants, or the like.
me present invention also relates to a profile strip, especially suitable for the production of frames for windows or for doors, having an optionally hollow core profile of a reinforced synthetic resin and a shell of a synthetic resin surrounding the core profile.
Efforts have been made in the art of synthetic resins to broaden the spectrum of materials offered by com-bining inactive or active fillers and reinforcing agents with classical thermoplastics. In this connection, raising of the strength and rigidity levels is desirable, on the one hand, while attempts are also made, on the other hand, to make such materials less expensive. Inactive fillers are understood to mean, in general, additives in the solid form differing with respect to their composition and structure from the synthetic resin matrix; in most cases, inorganic materials are involved here which are also called extender fillers, such as, for example, calcium carbonate, hydrated aluminas, and aluminosili-cates. Active fillers are understood to mean those which, in a controlled fashion, improve certain mechanical or physical properties of the synthetic resin; they are in most cases also called reinforcing fillers or agents. The best reinforcing agents are, in general, of a fibrous structure; the most frequently employed reinforcing material is constituted by glass fibers. While the inactive fillers in most instances have, rather, a lowering effect on tensile strength and toughness of the synthetic resin and are chemically inactive, and inexpensive, reinforcing fillers such as glass fibers impart a rigidifying effect and a satisfactory force application ,~:
67~, with low shrinkage with chemical inactivity. Disadvantages in the reinforcing fillers, such as glass fibers, are anisot-ropy, as well as orientation of the glass fibers when pro-cessing the synthetic resin composition.
Hollow profiles for the manufacturing of window or door frames are known which consist of a core profile of steel or the like coated with a synthetic resin layer, especially a layer of plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Furthermore, inherently rigid hollow profiles of a synthetic resin, espe-cially nonplasticized PVC, have been known for a long time for the production of window or door frames; however these profiles, in case of very large dimensions of window and door openings, must additionally be rigidified in the hollow portion, i.e., internal cavity by the insertion of reinforcing profiles of steel or aluminum.
Attempts have also been made to provide mechani-cally more rigid and stronger plastic hollow profiles for win-dow and door frames and are described, for example, in German Patent No. 1,086,032 wherein the hollow profiles formed into a frame are subsequently filled with a liquid or plastic-flow filling material, thereby, after the hardening process, the individual frame sections are simultaneously bonded together.
An example for such a filling material is a phenolic resin or plastic wood, in the frame for windows or doors disclosed in Swiss Pat. No. 411,301, hollow profiles of an elastic synthetic resin, especially based on polyvinyl chloride are likewise filled with a hardening filling material based on plastic cement, for example, expanded polystyrene with an addition of cement or epoxy resin with additives of grainy materials, such as sand, aluminum scrap, vermiculites, or the like, to increase strength. The profile strip for building components known from German Utility Model No. 1,994,127 uses a core of cheap materials, such as low-quality synthetic resins, slag stones, pressed wood scrap, or the like; this core is encompassed by ; .
.
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a shell extending all the way around and made of a high-quality synthetic resin. Also, efforts have been made, according to DOS (German Unexamined Laid-Open ~pplication) No. 2,326,911, to produce window frame profiles encased by synthetic resin where-in a core of expanded (i.e., foamed) plastic is surrounded bya compact (non-foamed) plastic shell; to increase the rigidity, the core can contain reinforcing inser.s of light-metal pipes or plastic pipe. Another example for a compact, multilayer profile strip is described in DOS No. 2,827,851 wherein a hol-low synthetic resin profile, especially one of PVC, is filledwith a synthetic resin filling of a matrix of methyl methacry-late with hollow silicate spheres, and wherein additionally glass filaments are embedded to extend in the longitudinal direction of the profile strip to increase rigidity. In all of these solid, multilayer profile strips, difficulties are encountered in each case ln establishing perfect, tight connections at corners and butt joints of the profile strips which are watertight and provide full wind protection and exhibit a sufficiently high strength, and which are to be readily producible by conventional methods.
Moreover, French Pat. No. 1,602,375 describes a hollow profile strip made up of two layers, consisting of a hollow profile of glass-reinforced polyester, forming the core, the latter being encased on the outside by another glass fiber impregnated with a synthetic resin. Difficulties are a~so encountered in connection with this pro-Eile in establishing perfect, firm connections at corners and butt joints of the profiles.
DAS 2,540,639 discloses a pulverulent, glass fiber-reinforced extrusion composition based on polyvinyl chloride,made up on the basis of 15-30 parts by weight of mineral fillers having an average particle size of below 50 ~m, 1.5-3 of at least one mold release agent and 15-30 parts by weight of glass fibers per 100 parts by weight of polyvinyl chloride~
~2~6~
This composition makes it possible to manufacture reinforced articles with a smooth surface and a homogeneous structure by the extrusion method.
As can be seen from DAS 2,540,639, and also from other literature references, considerable difficulties are encountered in homogeneously incorporating larger amounts of glass fibers into thermoplastic synthetic resins, especially also into polyvinyl chloride resin. In this procedure, there is not only a high amount of wear and tear on the processing machines, such as masticators, mixers, extruders, but there are also problems with respect to homogenization, i.e., the uniform distribution of the glass fibers within the thermo-plastic, as well as regarding adhesion between glass fiber and thermoplastic. Thus, it has been known to subject glass fibers to a surface treatment; the best well-known of such treatments is silanizing in order to increase adhesion to the synthetic resin. In this connection, attention is invited, for example, to the article by B.W. Lipinsky, "Silane loesen ~aftprobleme" ~ilanes Solve Adhesion Problems~ in defazet, 28th year, No. 5, 1974, pp. 207-211. British Pat No. 1,345,841 describes a glass-reinforced thermoplastic composition to which are added, per 100 parts by weight of thermoplastic synthetic resin, 5-150 parts by weight of glass fibers and additionally 0.5-1.5 parts by weight of a special adhesion promoter based on metallocenes.
According to the present invention, there is provided an extrudable glass fiber-reinforced polyvinyl chloride compo-sition made up of polyvinyl chloride resin having a K value between 55 and 75, glass fibers, and inorganic fillers different from the glass flbers, and conventional additives, including mold release agents, stabilizers, processing aids, and colorants for the production of extruded articles, said composition con-taining, per 100 parts by weight of a polyvinyl chloride resin, 50-100 parts by weight of glass fibers having a diameter of ~67~2;2 between 5 and 25 )um with a length up to 12 mm, and 5-25 parts by weight of a mineral filler having an average particle diameter of below 50 Jum and exhibiting a modulus of elasticity in the extrusion direction of an extruded product of at least S 8,000N/mm at 23C.
According to the present invention, there is also provided a profile strip for the manufacture of frames for windows or doors comprising a core profile formed of reinforced synthetic resin shell surrounding at least a part of the core profile; said core profile being formed of a glass fiber-reinforced polyvinyl chloride resin-containing composition, additionally containing per 100 parts by weight of a polyvinyl chloride resin having a K value between 55 and 75,40 to 100 parts by weight of glass fibers having a diameter of between 5 and 25 Jum with a length of up to 12 mm, and 0 to 25 parts by weight of a mineral filler with an average particle diameter of below 50 ~m; said core profile exhibiting a microporous, slightly roughened surface, and said core profile being bonded to the shell; said shell being free of glass fibers, being formed of a synthetic resin that is compatible with polyvinyl chloride resin and exceeding the impact resistance of the core profile and said strip exhibiting, in the extrusion direction, a modulus of elasticity of at least 8000N/mm at 23C.
By the use of a hollow core profile based on glass fiber-reinforced PVC according to this invention, a rigid, firm structure is obtained exhibiting a high modulus of elasticity and being highly stable dimensionally, i.eO, the stresses built in during processing of the composition into the profile strip are not triggered, even at high temperatures of up to 100C. (Distortion of the profile is thereby avoided). Since the core profile does not lend itself readily to dyeing due to the high glass fiber proportion, i.e., it exhibits essentially a grey-yellow coloring, determined by the glass fiber, the shell not only takes over the task of forming a smooth surface, but also of imparting color to the composite 67~
- 5a -or combined profile. Moreover, a substantial feature of the invention resides in that the impact strength of the combined profile, the core of which is relatively brittle on account of the glass fiber proportion, is increased by an appropriate selection of a high-impact-strength material, for the shell which is free of glass-fibers. It proves to be especially advantageous that the core profile, due to the high glass fiber proportion, exhibits a slightly rough surface with a micro-porous structure, whereby the synthetic resin shell finds especially good anchorage,and a particularly good adhesion or high adhesive strength is achieved between core profile and shell, directly and without additional adhesion-promoting means.
The glass fiber-reinforced polyvinyl chloride compo-sition selected, according to this invention for the core profile, shows a very good processability by extrusion and a balanced spectrum of physical properties, even with the use of relatively minor proportions of mineral powdery fillers together with a relatively high proportion of glass fibers.
In particular, the composition exhibits, in the extrusion direction, a modulus of elasticity of at least ~,OOON/mm2 at 23C., measured according to DIN (German Industrial Standard) 53457.
The term"polyvinyl chloride resin" as used herein is meant to include polyvinyl chloride (i.e., homopolymer) produced by bulk, suspension, or emulsion polymerization with a K value of between 55 and 75 whereby the K-value refers to the homopolymer content of vinyl chloride as well as poly-vinylidene chloride; post-chlorinated polyvinyl chloride;
and modified polyvinyl chloride; i.e., the copolymers obtained from a chlorinated vinyl monomer and at least one monomer co-polymerizable therewith, for example, a homopolymer, or co-polymer and/or graft polymer of vinyl chloride with, for example, ethylene-vinyl acetate, methyl acrylate, vinyl acetate, ~2~
- 5b -chlorinated polyethylene, butadiene, polyolefins, or the like, as the co- or graft component, as well as mixtures of these materials wherein the vinyl chloride or the polyvinyl chloride constitutes at least about 75% by weight of the total weight of the polymeric material.
The mineral fillers additonal to the galss fibres because of their small amounts hardly serve to achieve a reduction in costs of the composition but essentially for improvement of the wording properties, the mechanical prop-erties of the material only being slightly influenced. Toohigh a mineral filler content negatively influences the improvement in the mechanical properties required just by the use of glass fibres. Mineral fillers, such as for example natural or precipitated chalk, finely divided silica, colloidal silicic acid, aluminosilicates ox hydrated clays without or with corresponding surface treatment, alone or in admixture with one another are usable as fillers. The particle size of the fillers should not as far as possible essentially exceed the fibre diameter of the glass fibres, that is the maximum particle diameter of the filler should be smaller than 50 ~m, preferably less than 20 ~
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` lZ~722 Either continuous or chopped glass fibres with a preferred filament diameter between 5 and 25 pm serve as starting material for the glass fibres in the preparative process. With chopped fibres, the starting length should amount to at least 0.5 mm, preferably between 3 and 12 mm. As a result of preparation and working, the starting length is in any case broken to a final length between about 0.3 to 1.5 mm, for example in the extrusion moulds. Basically all kinds of glass fibres which are compatible with PVC are usable for the invention. However preferably those fibres are used which are pre-treated by corresponding surface treatment, with addition of bonding agents such as for example vinyl silane and substituted alkyl silanes, for example chloroalkyl-, aminoal~yl-, diaminoalkyl silanes etc. This pre-treatment takes place as a rule, however, in the production process ~or the glass fibres and not in the working of the PVC materials. As a result of the use according to the invenkion of 40 to 100 parts by
me present invention also relates to a profile strip, especially suitable for the production of frames for windows or for doors, having an optionally hollow core profile of a reinforced synthetic resin and a shell of a synthetic resin surrounding the core profile.
Efforts have been made in the art of synthetic resins to broaden the spectrum of materials offered by com-bining inactive or active fillers and reinforcing agents with classical thermoplastics. In this connection, raising of the strength and rigidity levels is desirable, on the one hand, while attempts are also made, on the other hand, to make such materials less expensive. Inactive fillers are understood to mean, in general, additives in the solid form differing with respect to their composition and structure from the synthetic resin matrix; in most cases, inorganic materials are involved here which are also called extender fillers, such as, for example, calcium carbonate, hydrated aluminas, and aluminosili-cates. Active fillers are understood to mean those which, in a controlled fashion, improve certain mechanical or physical properties of the synthetic resin; they are in most cases also called reinforcing fillers or agents. The best reinforcing agents are, in general, of a fibrous structure; the most frequently employed reinforcing material is constituted by glass fibers. While the inactive fillers in most instances have, rather, a lowering effect on tensile strength and toughness of the synthetic resin and are chemically inactive, and inexpensive, reinforcing fillers such as glass fibers impart a rigidifying effect and a satisfactory force application ,~:
67~, with low shrinkage with chemical inactivity. Disadvantages in the reinforcing fillers, such as glass fibers, are anisot-ropy, as well as orientation of the glass fibers when pro-cessing the synthetic resin composition.
Hollow profiles for the manufacturing of window or door frames are known which consist of a core profile of steel or the like coated with a synthetic resin layer, especially a layer of plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Furthermore, inherently rigid hollow profiles of a synthetic resin, espe-cially nonplasticized PVC, have been known for a long time for the production of window or door frames; however these profiles, in case of very large dimensions of window and door openings, must additionally be rigidified in the hollow portion, i.e., internal cavity by the insertion of reinforcing profiles of steel or aluminum.
Attempts have also been made to provide mechani-cally more rigid and stronger plastic hollow profiles for win-dow and door frames and are described, for example, in German Patent No. 1,086,032 wherein the hollow profiles formed into a frame are subsequently filled with a liquid or plastic-flow filling material, thereby, after the hardening process, the individual frame sections are simultaneously bonded together.
An example for such a filling material is a phenolic resin or plastic wood, in the frame for windows or doors disclosed in Swiss Pat. No. 411,301, hollow profiles of an elastic synthetic resin, especially based on polyvinyl chloride are likewise filled with a hardening filling material based on plastic cement, for example, expanded polystyrene with an addition of cement or epoxy resin with additives of grainy materials, such as sand, aluminum scrap, vermiculites, or the like, to increase strength. The profile strip for building components known from German Utility Model No. 1,994,127 uses a core of cheap materials, such as low-quality synthetic resins, slag stones, pressed wood scrap, or the like; this core is encompassed by ; .
.
%~
a shell extending all the way around and made of a high-quality synthetic resin. Also, efforts have been made, according to DOS (German Unexamined Laid-Open ~pplication) No. 2,326,911, to produce window frame profiles encased by synthetic resin where-in a core of expanded (i.e., foamed) plastic is surrounded bya compact (non-foamed) plastic shell; to increase the rigidity, the core can contain reinforcing inser.s of light-metal pipes or plastic pipe. Another example for a compact, multilayer profile strip is described in DOS No. 2,827,851 wherein a hol-low synthetic resin profile, especially one of PVC, is filledwith a synthetic resin filling of a matrix of methyl methacry-late with hollow silicate spheres, and wherein additionally glass filaments are embedded to extend in the longitudinal direction of the profile strip to increase rigidity. In all of these solid, multilayer profile strips, difficulties are encountered in each case ln establishing perfect, tight connections at corners and butt joints of the profile strips which are watertight and provide full wind protection and exhibit a sufficiently high strength, and which are to be readily producible by conventional methods.
Moreover, French Pat. No. 1,602,375 describes a hollow profile strip made up of two layers, consisting of a hollow profile of glass-reinforced polyester, forming the core, the latter being encased on the outside by another glass fiber impregnated with a synthetic resin. Difficulties are a~so encountered in connection with this pro-Eile in establishing perfect, firm connections at corners and butt joints of the profiles.
DAS 2,540,639 discloses a pulverulent, glass fiber-reinforced extrusion composition based on polyvinyl chloride,made up on the basis of 15-30 parts by weight of mineral fillers having an average particle size of below 50 ~m, 1.5-3 of at least one mold release agent and 15-30 parts by weight of glass fibers per 100 parts by weight of polyvinyl chloride~
~2~6~
This composition makes it possible to manufacture reinforced articles with a smooth surface and a homogeneous structure by the extrusion method.
As can be seen from DAS 2,540,639, and also from other literature references, considerable difficulties are encountered in homogeneously incorporating larger amounts of glass fibers into thermoplastic synthetic resins, especially also into polyvinyl chloride resin. In this procedure, there is not only a high amount of wear and tear on the processing machines, such as masticators, mixers, extruders, but there are also problems with respect to homogenization, i.e., the uniform distribution of the glass fibers within the thermo-plastic, as well as regarding adhesion between glass fiber and thermoplastic. Thus, it has been known to subject glass fibers to a surface treatment; the best well-known of such treatments is silanizing in order to increase adhesion to the synthetic resin. In this connection, attention is invited, for example, to the article by B.W. Lipinsky, "Silane loesen ~aftprobleme" ~ilanes Solve Adhesion Problems~ in defazet, 28th year, No. 5, 1974, pp. 207-211. British Pat No. 1,345,841 describes a glass-reinforced thermoplastic composition to which are added, per 100 parts by weight of thermoplastic synthetic resin, 5-150 parts by weight of glass fibers and additionally 0.5-1.5 parts by weight of a special adhesion promoter based on metallocenes.
According to the present invention, there is provided an extrudable glass fiber-reinforced polyvinyl chloride compo-sition made up of polyvinyl chloride resin having a K value between 55 and 75, glass fibers, and inorganic fillers different from the glass flbers, and conventional additives, including mold release agents, stabilizers, processing aids, and colorants for the production of extruded articles, said composition con-taining, per 100 parts by weight of a polyvinyl chloride resin, 50-100 parts by weight of glass fibers having a diameter of ~67~2;2 between 5 and 25 )um with a length up to 12 mm, and 5-25 parts by weight of a mineral filler having an average particle diameter of below 50 Jum and exhibiting a modulus of elasticity in the extrusion direction of an extruded product of at least S 8,000N/mm at 23C.
According to the present invention, there is also provided a profile strip for the manufacture of frames for windows or doors comprising a core profile formed of reinforced synthetic resin shell surrounding at least a part of the core profile; said core profile being formed of a glass fiber-reinforced polyvinyl chloride resin-containing composition, additionally containing per 100 parts by weight of a polyvinyl chloride resin having a K value between 55 and 75,40 to 100 parts by weight of glass fibers having a diameter of between 5 and 25 Jum with a length of up to 12 mm, and 0 to 25 parts by weight of a mineral filler with an average particle diameter of below 50 ~m; said core profile exhibiting a microporous, slightly roughened surface, and said core profile being bonded to the shell; said shell being free of glass fibers, being formed of a synthetic resin that is compatible with polyvinyl chloride resin and exceeding the impact resistance of the core profile and said strip exhibiting, in the extrusion direction, a modulus of elasticity of at least 8000N/mm at 23C.
By the use of a hollow core profile based on glass fiber-reinforced PVC according to this invention, a rigid, firm structure is obtained exhibiting a high modulus of elasticity and being highly stable dimensionally, i.eO, the stresses built in during processing of the composition into the profile strip are not triggered, even at high temperatures of up to 100C. (Distortion of the profile is thereby avoided). Since the core profile does not lend itself readily to dyeing due to the high glass fiber proportion, i.e., it exhibits essentially a grey-yellow coloring, determined by the glass fiber, the shell not only takes over the task of forming a smooth surface, but also of imparting color to the composite 67~
- 5a -or combined profile. Moreover, a substantial feature of the invention resides in that the impact strength of the combined profile, the core of which is relatively brittle on account of the glass fiber proportion, is increased by an appropriate selection of a high-impact-strength material, for the shell which is free of glass-fibers. It proves to be especially advantageous that the core profile, due to the high glass fiber proportion, exhibits a slightly rough surface with a micro-porous structure, whereby the synthetic resin shell finds especially good anchorage,and a particularly good adhesion or high adhesive strength is achieved between core profile and shell, directly and without additional adhesion-promoting means.
The glass fiber-reinforced polyvinyl chloride compo-sition selected, according to this invention for the core profile, shows a very good processability by extrusion and a balanced spectrum of physical properties, even with the use of relatively minor proportions of mineral powdery fillers together with a relatively high proportion of glass fibers.
In particular, the composition exhibits, in the extrusion direction, a modulus of elasticity of at least ~,OOON/mm2 at 23C., measured according to DIN (German Industrial Standard) 53457.
The term"polyvinyl chloride resin" as used herein is meant to include polyvinyl chloride (i.e., homopolymer) produced by bulk, suspension, or emulsion polymerization with a K value of between 55 and 75 whereby the K-value refers to the homopolymer content of vinyl chloride as well as poly-vinylidene chloride; post-chlorinated polyvinyl chloride;
and modified polyvinyl chloride; i.e., the copolymers obtained from a chlorinated vinyl monomer and at least one monomer co-polymerizable therewith, for example, a homopolymer, or co-polymer and/or graft polymer of vinyl chloride with, for example, ethylene-vinyl acetate, methyl acrylate, vinyl acetate, ~2~
- 5b -chlorinated polyethylene, butadiene, polyolefins, or the like, as the co- or graft component, as well as mixtures of these materials wherein the vinyl chloride or the polyvinyl chloride constitutes at least about 75% by weight of the total weight of the polymeric material.
The mineral fillers additonal to the galss fibres because of their small amounts hardly serve to achieve a reduction in costs of the composition but essentially for improvement of the wording properties, the mechanical prop-erties of the material only being slightly influenced. Toohigh a mineral filler content negatively influences the improvement in the mechanical properties required just by the use of glass fibres. Mineral fillers, such as for example natural or precipitated chalk, finely divided silica, colloidal silicic acid, aluminosilicates ox hydrated clays without or with corresponding surface treatment, alone or in admixture with one another are usable as fillers. The particle size of the fillers should not as far as possible essentially exceed the fibre diameter of the glass fibres, that is the maximum particle diameter of the filler should be smaller than 50 ~m, preferably less than 20 ~
/
/
~/
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` lZ~722 Either continuous or chopped glass fibres with a preferred filament diameter between 5 and 25 pm serve as starting material for the glass fibres in the preparative process. With chopped fibres, the starting length should amount to at least 0.5 mm, preferably between 3 and 12 mm. As a result of preparation and working, the starting length is in any case broken to a final length between about 0.3 to 1.5 mm, for example in the extrusion moulds. Basically all kinds of glass fibres which are compatible with PVC are usable for the invention. However preferably those fibres are used which are pre-treated by corresponding surface treatment, with addition of bonding agents such as for example vinyl silane and substituted alkyl silanes, for example chloroalkyl-, aminoal~yl-, diaminoalkyl silanes etc. This pre-treatment takes place as a rule, however, in the production process ~or the glass fibres and not in the working of the PVC materials. As a result of the use according to the invenkion of 40 to 100 parts by
2 weight of glass fibres to 100 parts by weight of PVC, a Youngs modulus of at least 8000 N/mm2 is achieved in the products which are obtained.
Unmodified polyvinyl chloride exhibits, in addition to a good impact strength, only a moderate notched bar impact strength. Indeed, as a result of the additional glass fibres, the notched bar impact strength is only slightly influenced, the good impact strength being decreased however to the level of the notched bar impact strength. For this reason, according to the invention, the composition contains modifiers such as for example ethylene vinylacetate, acrylates, chlorinated polyethylene, acrylic-butadiene-styrene, methacryl-butadiene-styrene or the like in up to 30 parts by weight related to 100 parts by weiqht of PVC.
In contrast to the usual amounts of lubricants in the working of PVC, with the compositions according to the invention, a lubricant addition essentially ` ` ~L~LW
1 increased with respect to known compositions is attained. With the composition according to the invention, this preferably lies between 2.5 to 5.5 parts by weight of lubricant to 100 parts by weight of polyvinyl chloride, with the lubricant amount increasing with increasing glass fibre and filler content. To be used are the lubricants known in the working of PVC and PVC containing moulding materials, that is, as a rule, mixtures of so-called internal lubricants, that is showing good compatibility with PVC, and so-called external lubricants, that is products less well compatible with PVC. Belonging to the group of internal lubricants are for example glycerine, mono-, di- and tri esters of natural or oxidised carboxylic lS acids with chain lengths of C12 to C40, fatty alcohols of thè above-indicated chain lengths! neutral and basic metal soaps, preferably stearates, of the metals lead, calcium, barium, magnesium, cadmium etc, C10 to C40-alcohols esterified with C12 to C36 acids, phthalic acid esters of long-chain alcohols etc. Belonging to the group of external lubricants are for example C12 to C40 fatty acids or substituted (oxidised) fatty acids, paraEfin oils and hard paraffins, polyethylene or oxidised polyethylene, fatty acid amines, silicone oils and the like.
Moreover the usual special additives in the working of PVC-containing mixtures are employed, especially stabilisers such as for example complex barium cadmium soaps, lead salts or lead soaps r complex - 30 calcium-zinc soaps, alkyltin merGapto compounds or alkyltin carboxylates, with in addition organic stabilisers such as expoxidised oils or esters, diphenylthiourea, phenylindole, aryl or alkyl or aryl-alkyl mixed phosphites singly or in admixtures.
Furthermore, there may also be added to the composition, especially for stabilisation, the modifying or co- or graft components such as for example sterically hindered phenols or bisphenol or the like. Preferred amounts lie between 1 and 5 parts by weight of stabilisers to 100 parts by weight of PVC. Further known additives are working auxiliaries, plasticisers and plasticising auxiliaries and colourants.
A preferred composition according to the invention contains, related to 100 parts by weight of PVC which possesses a R-value between 55 and 75, 40 to 80 parts by weight of glass fibres with a diameter between 5 and 25 ~m with a length of 0.5 to 12 mm, 1 to 15 parts by weight of a pulverous mineral filler with a mean particle diameter below 15 pm and 2.5 to 5.0 parts ~y weight of lubricant and up to 30 parts by weight of modifier.
The present invention possesses significant advantages which make the use of the glass fibre reinforced polyvinyl chloride composition suited to the production of shaped bodies, in particular by extrusion moulding, the shaped bodies possessing a Youngs modulus of at least 8000 N/mm2 at 23, in the extrusion direction. The shaped bodies which are produced exhibit, according to their glass content and filler content, a very fine microporous surface, whereby the bonding to subsequent coverings, for example based on PVC or another thermoplastic is essentially improved.
~ The composition according to the invention can serve for the production of shaped bodies with high mechanical stiffness and strength, which subsequently or simultaneously are clad with an unreinforced ~~~ thermoplastic material of like or different basis, for example by extrusion, lamination or immersion. The cladding can also be provided over only a part of the surface of the shaped body. Of particular consideration for the surface finishing are materials compatible with PVC which are preferably or especially weather-resistant, such as for example acrylates, polyesters, polymethacrylates, acrylate-containing 7~2 g polymers or the like, or multiple layerings with different materials.
The composition according to the invention makes possible the production of shaped bodies with mechanical properties essentially improved with respect to the unre-inforced plastic, so that the shaped bodies can be made use of as supporting constructions, and for example enable one to dispense with metallic reinforcements frequently employed in specifically shaped constructions in the use of plastics, or enable one to reduce the wall strengths of the shaped constructions.
A preferred area of use for the invention relates to production of a shaped moulding in particular for frames for windows or doors with an optionally hollow core moulding formed from reinforced plastics and a covering formed of plastics surrounding the core moulding. With this, in par-.
ticular, the object is to be solved of producing a shaped moulding for the production of window or door frames which meets the requirements with respect to weathering resistance, the requirements with respect to mechanical strength and stiffness which makes possible the use of a connecting tech-nique for the mouldings to produce frames in particular by welding which is as simple as possible, which makes possible, by employment of inexpensive materials, economic production of the product and which excels in its capacity for being carried out as simply as possible.
The invention solves the states object by a shaped moulding in which the core profile is built up from a glass fibre-reinforced polyvinyl chloride composition containing, based on 100 parts by weight of polyvinyl chloride which possesses a K-value between 55 and 75, 40 to 100 parts by weight of glass fibres with a diameter between 5 and 25 ~m in a length of up to 12 mm and 0.25 parts by weight of mineral fillers with an average particle diameter below 50 ~m and possesses a microporous easily roughened surface, and is bound to a covering formed `` ~2~167~2 -ln-from a plastics material compatible with the polyvinyl chloride which possesses an impact strength superior to that of the core moulding.
As a result of the use according to the invention of a hollow core moulding based on glass fibre-reinforced PVC, a stiff solid construction is obtained which possesses a high Youngs modulus and is very stable dimensionally, that is the tensions incorporated in the material when it is worked to form the shaped moulding are not lost even at high temperatures up to 100C. Since the core moulding is, because of the high glass fibre proportion, poorly colou~able, that is into essentially a grey yellow colour, determined by the glass fibres, the covering takes over not only the colouring of the moulding, but at the same time also the formation of a smooth surface.
Moreover an essential feature of the invention is that the impact strength of the combined moulding whose core, on account of the glass fibre content is reIatively brittle, is increased by a corresponding choice of impact resistant material for the covering. It has proved to be particularly advantageous that the core moulding, as a result of the high ylass fibre content, possesses an easily roughened surface with microporous structure, whereby the covering with plastics material can be anchored particularly well and an especially good bonding or high bond strength between core moulding and covering is achieved directly without additional means.
The polyvinyl chloride material reinforced with glass fibre selectively according to the invention shows, with use of relatively small amounts o mineral pulverous fillers together with the relatively high proportions of glass fibres, a very good capacity for working by extrusion and a balanced physical property profile. In particular it possesses a Youngs modulus in the extrusion direction of at least 8000 N/mm2 at 23C
measured according to DIN 53457.
1 A preferred covering is based on plastics material of the likes of polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, post-chlorinated polvyinyl chloride, copolymers obtained from a chlorinated monomer and at least one monomer polymerisable therewith such as homo-or co- or graft polymers with for example ethylenevinyl acetate, acrylate, vinylacetate, chlorinated poly-ethylene, butadiene, polyolefins or others and mixturesthereof which can additionally contain additives such as stabilisers, lubricants, pigments, UV-absorbers, working auxiliaries and modifiers. Another group advantageous for the enveloping of suitable thermoplastic plastics are those based on acrylates or polymethyl meth-acrylates, acrylic-butadiene-styrene or methacrylic--butadiene-styrene or polyesters or polyvinyl fluoride or polyvinylidene fluoride or mixtures thereof.
For minimisation of the material employed, it is proposed according to the invention to form the core moulding as a hollow moulding wherein wall thicknesses between 1.0 to 10 mm, preferably 2.0 to 4 mm are provided. The covering which has essentially the object of surface cladding and if necessary contributes to the increasing of the impact strength and increases the weather resistance, possesses preferably wall thick-nesses of 0.2 to 4 mm, in particular 0.3 to 1.5 mm. Itis also possible to produce the covering in part from two materials different from one another, for example a visible side of the profile with a covering of material ~ A and the remaining side of the profile with a covering ~~ 30 formed from a material B, or to cover differently in individual regions.
In a further embodiment of the invention, it can be moreover of advantage to form the covering at least partially in multilayer form from different materials.
Here it is possible to combine advantageously different properties of the individual materials and accordingly `! ~2~6~722 -1 to pay proper regard to the different requirements of the product, which are not achievable with only one individual material. A preferred variant of the invention provides that the covering is preferably to be S provided with a partially shielding surface layer formed from a weather resistant plastics which is also readily colourable, especially based on acrylate, in a thickness of 0.1 to 1.2 mm. When operating in this way, this additional surface layer can be applied by extrusion, but also by lamination with a foil or by painting.
Since the core moulding with high glass fibre content is relatively brittle, although of small shrink age with high stiffness and strength, it can be of advantage to improve the impact strength of the multiple lS layer moulding by a corresponding equipping of the covering. In this connection it is proposed that the covering contains in addition to the plastics material up to 20~ by weight of impact strength modifiers such as ethylene vinylacetate, chlorinated polyethylene, meth-acrylic-butadiene-styrene, polybutylacrylate, acrylates or the like.
The core moulding formed of glass fibre-reinforced polyvinyl chloride should take oYer the function of stiffening corset for the shaped moulding. A preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the covering is formed with profilings of the shaped mouldings such as grooves, projections, webs, undercuts and the-like.
The multilayer shaped moulding according to the invention is preferab~y produced by co-extrusion, being externally calibrated and possessing a residual shrinkage below 0.5%, in particular below 0.3%. The multilayer product according to the invention possesses~
in contrast to pure plastic~ mouldings formed from hard PVC, an essentially increased Youngs modulus and accordingly a greater stiffness and torsional resistance, greater strength and accordingly higher safety against breaking and an almost complete reduction ~ ~2~%2 1 in prevailing thermally releasable shrinkage. In particular when employed in climates with high temperature differences, the moulding deformation by thermal radiation is avoided and an essential reduction in the thermal expansion coefficient is achieved, as a result of which the tolerance problems in the productioh of the frames and the accompanying working problems are significantly reduced.
In the production of multilayer shaped mouldings according to the invention, there is achieved above all the advantage that the core moulding based on glass fibre reinforced PVC need be thermally stabilised merely with respect to the PVC, while the covering may also be provided with additional stabilisers relating to weather resistance, W -absorbers as well as pigments. With this there is however achievable overall a cost reduction for the product by the reduced employment of dearer materials with simultaneous essential increase in the mechanical properties in particular.
Since the multilayer mouldings according to the invention with their glass fibre-reinforced polyvinyl chloride core moulding possess very little shrinkage, they are also capable of higher thermal loading and weathering, that is, they can also be heated up to a greater extent by the suns rays, without inadmissible stresses which could lead to an inadmissible shrinking of the moulding, being releasedO It is therefore however possible to colour multilayer profiles according to the invention externally in the covering or in t~.~e surface
Unmodified polyvinyl chloride exhibits, in addition to a good impact strength, only a moderate notched bar impact strength. Indeed, as a result of the additional glass fibres, the notched bar impact strength is only slightly influenced, the good impact strength being decreased however to the level of the notched bar impact strength. For this reason, according to the invention, the composition contains modifiers such as for example ethylene vinylacetate, acrylates, chlorinated polyethylene, acrylic-butadiene-styrene, methacryl-butadiene-styrene or the like in up to 30 parts by weight related to 100 parts by weiqht of PVC.
In contrast to the usual amounts of lubricants in the working of PVC, with the compositions according to the invention, a lubricant addition essentially ` ` ~L~LW
1 increased with respect to known compositions is attained. With the composition according to the invention, this preferably lies between 2.5 to 5.5 parts by weight of lubricant to 100 parts by weight of polyvinyl chloride, with the lubricant amount increasing with increasing glass fibre and filler content. To be used are the lubricants known in the working of PVC and PVC containing moulding materials, that is, as a rule, mixtures of so-called internal lubricants, that is showing good compatibility with PVC, and so-called external lubricants, that is products less well compatible with PVC. Belonging to the group of internal lubricants are for example glycerine, mono-, di- and tri esters of natural or oxidised carboxylic lS acids with chain lengths of C12 to C40, fatty alcohols of thè above-indicated chain lengths! neutral and basic metal soaps, preferably stearates, of the metals lead, calcium, barium, magnesium, cadmium etc, C10 to C40-alcohols esterified with C12 to C36 acids, phthalic acid esters of long-chain alcohols etc. Belonging to the group of external lubricants are for example C12 to C40 fatty acids or substituted (oxidised) fatty acids, paraEfin oils and hard paraffins, polyethylene or oxidised polyethylene, fatty acid amines, silicone oils and the like.
Moreover the usual special additives in the working of PVC-containing mixtures are employed, especially stabilisers such as for example complex barium cadmium soaps, lead salts or lead soaps r complex - 30 calcium-zinc soaps, alkyltin merGapto compounds or alkyltin carboxylates, with in addition organic stabilisers such as expoxidised oils or esters, diphenylthiourea, phenylindole, aryl or alkyl or aryl-alkyl mixed phosphites singly or in admixtures.
Furthermore, there may also be added to the composition, especially for stabilisation, the modifying or co- or graft components such as for example sterically hindered phenols or bisphenol or the like. Preferred amounts lie between 1 and 5 parts by weight of stabilisers to 100 parts by weight of PVC. Further known additives are working auxiliaries, plasticisers and plasticising auxiliaries and colourants.
A preferred composition according to the invention contains, related to 100 parts by weight of PVC which possesses a R-value between 55 and 75, 40 to 80 parts by weight of glass fibres with a diameter between 5 and 25 ~m with a length of 0.5 to 12 mm, 1 to 15 parts by weight of a pulverous mineral filler with a mean particle diameter below 15 pm and 2.5 to 5.0 parts ~y weight of lubricant and up to 30 parts by weight of modifier.
The present invention possesses significant advantages which make the use of the glass fibre reinforced polyvinyl chloride composition suited to the production of shaped bodies, in particular by extrusion moulding, the shaped bodies possessing a Youngs modulus of at least 8000 N/mm2 at 23, in the extrusion direction. The shaped bodies which are produced exhibit, according to their glass content and filler content, a very fine microporous surface, whereby the bonding to subsequent coverings, for example based on PVC or another thermoplastic is essentially improved.
~ The composition according to the invention can serve for the production of shaped bodies with high mechanical stiffness and strength, which subsequently or simultaneously are clad with an unreinforced ~~~ thermoplastic material of like or different basis, for example by extrusion, lamination or immersion. The cladding can also be provided over only a part of the surface of the shaped body. Of particular consideration for the surface finishing are materials compatible with PVC which are preferably or especially weather-resistant, such as for example acrylates, polyesters, polymethacrylates, acrylate-containing 7~2 g polymers or the like, or multiple layerings with different materials.
The composition according to the invention makes possible the production of shaped bodies with mechanical properties essentially improved with respect to the unre-inforced plastic, so that the shaped bodies can be made use of as supporting constructions, and for example enable one to dispense with metallic reinforcements frequently employed in specifically shaped constructions in the use of plastics, or enable one to reduce the wall strengths of the shaped constructions.
A preferred area of use for the invention relates to production of a shaped moulding in particular for frames for windows or doors with an optionally hollow core moulding formed from reinforced plastics and a covering formed of plastics surrounding the core moulding. With this, in par-.
ticular, the object is to be solved of producing a shaped moulding for the production of window or door frames which meets the requirements with respect to weathering resistance, the requirements with respect to mechanical strength and stiffness which makes possible the use of a connecting tech-nique for the mouldings to produce frames in particular by welding which is as simple as possible, which makes possible, by employment of inexpensive materials, economic production of the product and which excels in its capacity for being carried out as simply as possible.
The invention solves the states object by a shaped moulding in which the core profile is built up from a glass fibre-reinforced polyvinyl chloride composition containing, based on 100 parts by weight of polyvinyl chloride which possesses a K-value between 55 and 75, 40 to 100 parts by weight of glass fibres with a diameter between 5 and 25 ~m in a length of up to 12 mm and 0.25 parts by weight of mineral fillers with an average particle diameter below 50 ~m and possesses a microporous easily roughened surface, and is bound to a covering formed `` ~2~167~2 -ln-from a plastics material compatible with the polyvinyl chloride which possesses an impact strength superior to that of the core moulding.
As a result of the use according to the invention of a hollow core moulding based on glass fibre-reinforced PVC, a stiff solid construction is obtained which possesses a high Youngs modulus and is very stable dimensionally, that is the tensions incorporated in the material when it is worked to form the shaped moulding are not lost even at high temperatures up to 100C. Since the core moulding is, because of the high glass fibre proportion, poorly colou~able, that is into essentially a grey yellow colour, determined by the glass fibres, the covering takes over not only the colouring of the moulding, but at the same time also the formation of a smooth surface.
Moreover an essential feature of the invention is that the impact strength of the combined moulding whose core, on account of the glass fibre content is reIatively brittle, is increased by a corresponding choice of impact resistant material for the covering. It has proved to be particularly advantageous that the core moulding, as a result of the high ylass fibre content, possesses an easily roughened surface with microporous structure, whereby the covering with plastics material can be anchored particularly well and an especially good bonding or high bond strength between core moulding and covering is achieved directly without additional means.
The polyvinyl chloride material reinforced with glass fibre selectively according to the invention shows, with use of relatively small amounts o mineral pulverous fillers together with the relatively high proportions of glass fibres, a very good capacity for working by extrusion and a balanced physical property profile. In particular it possesses a Youngs modulus in the extrusion direction of at least 8000 N/mm2 at 23C
measured according to DIN 53457.
1 A preferred covering is based on plastics material of the likes of polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, post-chlorinated polvyinyl chloride, copolymers obtained from a chlorinated monomer and at least one monomer polymerisable therewith such as homo-or co- or graft polymers with for example ethylenevinyl acetate, acrylate, vinylacetate, chlorinated poly-ethylene, butadiene, polyolefins or others and mixturesthereof which can additionally contain additives such as stabilisers, lubricants, pigments, UV-absorbers, working auxiliaries and modifiers. Another group advantageous for the enveloping of suitable thermoplastic plastics are those based on acrylates or polymethyl meth-acrylates, acrylic-butadiene-styrene or methacrylic--butadiene-styrene or polyesters or polyvinyl fluoride or polyvinylidene fluoride or mixtures thereof.
For minimisation of the material employed, it is proposed according to the invention to form the core moulding as a hollow moulding wherein wall thicknesses between 1.0 to 10 mm, preferably 2.0 to 4 mm are provided. The covering which has essentially the object of surface cladding and if necessary contributes to the increasing of the impact strength and increases the weather resistance, possesses preferably wall thick-nesses of 0.2 to 4 mm, in particular 0.3 to 1.5 mm. Itis also possible to produce the covering in part from two materials different from one another, for example a visible side of the profile with a covering of material ~ A and the remaining side of the profile with a covering ~~ 30 formed from a material B, or to cover differently in individual regions.
In a further embodiment of the invention, it can be moreover of advantage to form the covering at least partially in multilayer form from different materials.
Here it is possible to combine advantageously different properties of the individual materials and accordingly `! ~2~6~722 -1 to pay proper regard to the different requirements of the product, which are not achievable with only one individual material. A preferred variant of the invention provides that the covering is preferably to be S provided with a partially shielding surface layer formed from a weather resistant plastics which is also readily colourable, especially based on acrylate, in a thickness of 0.1 to 1.2 mm. When operating in this way, this additional surface layer can be applied by extrusion, but also by lamination with a foil or by painting.
Since the core moulding with high glass fibre content is relatively brittle, although of small shrink age with high stiffness and strength, it can be of advantage to improve the impact strength of the multiple lS layer moulding by a corresponding equipping of the covering. In this connection it is proposed that the covering contains in addition to the plastics material up to 20~ by weight of impact strength modifiers such as ethylene vinylacetate, chlorinated polyethylene, meth-acrylic-butadiene-styrene, polybutylacrylate, acrylates or the like.
The core moulding formed of glass fibre-reinforced polyvinyl chloride should take oYer the function of stiffening corset for the shaped moulding. A preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the covering is formed with profilings of the shaped mouldings such as grooves, projections, webs, undercuts and the-like.
The multilayer shaped moulding according to the invention is preferab~y produced by co-extrusion, being externally calibrated and possessing a residual shrinkage below 0.5%, in particular below 0.3%. The multilayer product according to the invention possesses~
in contrast to pure plastic~ mouldings formed from hard PVC, an essentially increased Youngs modulus and accordingly a greater stiffness and torsional resistance, greater strength and accordingly higher safety against breaking and an almost complete reduction ~ ~2~%2 1 in prevailing thermally releasable shrinkage. In particular when employed in climates with high temperature differences, the moulding deformation by thermal radiation is avoided and an essential reduction in the thermal expansion coefficient is achieved, as a result of which the tolerance problems in the productioh of the frames and the accompanying working problems are significantly reduced.
In the production of multilayer shaped mouldings according to the invention, there is achieved above all the advantage that the core moulding based on glass fibre reinforced PVC need be thermally stabilised merely with respect to the PVC, while the covering may also be provided with additional stabilisers relating to weather resistance, W -absorbers as well as pigments. With this there is however achievable overall a cost reduction for the product by the reduced employment of dearer materials with simultaneous essential increase in the mechanical properties in particular.
Since the multilayer mouldings according to the invention with their glass fibre-reinforced polyvinyl chloride core moulding possess very little shrinkage, they are also capable of higher thermal loading and weathering, that is, they can also be heated up to a greater extent by the suns rays, without inadmissible stresses which could lead to an inadmissible shrinking of the moulding, being releasedO It is therefore however possible to colour multilayer profiles according to the invention externally in the covering or in t~.~e surface
3 layer even in dark colours such as brown, black, dark green, as are required on many occasions by architects on aesthetic grounds. Such a dark colouration is not possible for example with hard PVC mouldings since they so shrink on exceeding specific heating temperatures by 3 release of stresses that the frames crack.
Surprisingly, it has been established that the shaped mculdings according to the invention with their ~Z~.672%
glass fibre reinforced core moulding, may be welded in trouble free manner and good weld strengths be obtained in spite of the high glass fibre content, as may be established for example in the production of frames for windows or doors.
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described, as examples only, without limitative manner, having reference the attached drawings, wherein FIGURES 1 to 6 show sections of different multi-layer shaped mouldings according to the invention.
In Figure 1 there is shown schematically a hollow core moulding 1 formed of glass fibre-reinforced polyvinyl chloride which is covered externally with a thin covering 2 formed from a thermoplastic plastics, such as for example hard PVC or ABS. In addition a part of the extent of the covering is bound directly to a surface layer 3 formed from a plastics material different from that of the covering 2, for example a weather resistant plastics material such as polymethylmethacrylate. It is also possible here for example to laminate a very thin polyvinylidene fluoride or polyvinyl fluoride foil by means of a bonding layer.
In Figure 2 th~re is shown schematically a glass fibre-reinforced hollow core moulding 1 which is provided externally with a covering 2 which is composed of different materials or like materials in different colours in the regions 2a and 2b.
~n Figure 3 there is shown a shaped moulding which contains two core mouldings la, lb formed of glass fibre reinforced polyvinyl chloride as stiffening in a corset and a stable thermoplastic shape-imparting covering 2, formed for example of hard PVC. The shape imparting covering 2 here gives the profile the external form inclusive of pro-jections 21.
In Figure 4 is shown a T-form shaped moulding which possesses a multichamber hollow core moulding 1 formed of glass fibre-reinforced PVC which imparts to ~Z~i722 1 the moulding the necessary stiffness, strength, torsional resistance and Youngs modulus. This core moulding 1 is provided with a covering 2 formed of a thermoplastic plastics material, with the covering containing additional shape imparting formations in the form of projections 21 e~c. In addition, this moulding can be provided furthermore for example with a surface layer 3 on the weathering side, which is especially weather resistant and which can be coloured different to the covering 3. Preferably such a profile is produced according to Figure 4 by combined extrusion with the bonding of the Iayers 1,~,3 taking place without bonding means and the multilayer moulding 1,2,3 obtaining its final form in a single calibrating tool, provided that thermoplastic materials compatible with one another are provided.
In Figure 5 there is shown a further possibility for formation and use of the inventionj wherein a core mouldihg 1 formed very simply in a right angled hollow moulding mould is provided with a covering 2 formed from a suitable plastics material realising a complicated moulding shape. Such a moulding is also preferably producible by co-extrusion.
In Figure 6 it is shown in a further development Of the invention that it is possible to form the c~re moulding 1 formed of glass fibre-reinforced PVC with a complicated shaping and plurality of hollow chambers, with the covering then following the shaping of the core moulding 1. Also here a further surface cladding layer can still be additionally provided which can extend over a part of the periphery or however also over the entire periphery of the moulding.
From the above-indicated descriptions of the figures, it follows that in each case the supporting moulding, the core moulding 1, is formed of glass fibre-reinforced polyvinyl chloride. The covering formed of unreinEorced glass fibre~free thermoplastic ;72;~
1 plastics material, such as for example hard PVC or acrylate and optionally a still further surface layer formed of a further material and optionally also coloured differently to the covering, improves the S properties of the core moulding. The multilayer moulding is preferably extruded, with the thicknesses of the individual layers being the same or even different.
this being adjusted too according to the statistical requirements under optimal use for the properties of the material layers. Since the core mouldiny formed of glass fibre-reinforced PVC possesses very good mechanical properties, it can be produced, in contrast to pure hard-PVC mouldings, in simplified cross-section.
The covering layer has not only the object of lS smoothing the possibly porous and rough surface of the core moulding and sealing it, but also of increasing of the appearance and weather resistance. Moreover as a result of the thinner plastics covering layer, on callibration of the multilayer profile, the calibration tool makes less demands on the walls than if a glass fibre-reinforced material must be directly calibrated.
In this way, as a result of the covering, the welding in the production of the mouldings in metal tools is also reduced.
In Figure 7 there is shown schematically an extrusion apparatus for the production of the multilayer moulding layer according to the invention by co-extrusion. At 10 there is shown the main extruder for extrusion of the glass fibre-reinforced polyvinyl ~-- 30 chloride for the core moulding to which the extrusion tool 12 for shaping of the core moulding is connected.
Adjoining it i5 the extrusion tool 13 for the shaping of the covering 2, with the plastics material for the covering being supplied by the extruder 14. Finally, there is connected, for a third layer, the extrusion tool 15 to which the surface layer material is supplied by the ext~uder 16. The multilayer moulding 11 leaving the extrusion tool is then supplied to the calibrating tools 17, with the final external dimensioning of the profile moulding and cooling thereof taking place during passage through these calibrating tools. The withdrawal takes place at the withdrawal arrangement 1~. In addition, the moulding can also be cooled internally by means of for example water.
The different components of the composition according to the invention can be homogenised with one another for the production of extrudable mixtures and then be extruded.
The following ~xamples 1 to 19 serve for the clarification and explanation of the invention. Of these, Examples 1 to 5, 8 and 19 are to be regarded as Compa~rative Examples or Examples lying outside the invention, whilst the other examples serve for the explanation of the invention. The Examples are reproduced in the following Tables. For obtaining the composition, the proportions can be mixed in dry pulverous form and plasticised, after which plates of a thickness of about 4 mm and a width of about 500 mm are extruded by means oE for example a single spinder-screw extruder. The extrusion takes place at cylinder temperatures increasing from 160 to 190C with a tool te.~perature of 195C. The test bodies were produced from these plates according to standard test specifications.
The components of the composition are expressed in the Examples in parts by weight, a suspension-PVC with K-value 64 being employed for Examples 1 to 13 and 19 and, for Examples 14 to 18, a suspension PVC with a K-value of 57 being employed. The different modifiers employed in Examples 10 to 19 are indicated by their abbreviation.
The properties with respect of the extruded plates have been measured both in the longitudinal and transverse direction. The Youngs modulus is d~termined according to DIN 53457, the notched bar impact strength according to Izod ASTM D 256, the tear strength according to DIN 5345$, the elongation at break accordlng to DIN 53455 and the dimensional stability A
in C according to ISO ~ 75.
Example 1 contains an unreinforced PVC-material without further fillers as comparative example.
Examples 3 and 6 show an unreinforced material with 30 or 50 parts by weight of glass fibres without further fillers. From this it is apparent that, by the addition of glass fibres, the Youngs modulus is increased, while the tear resistance is already somewhat decreased. By the addition of small amounts of mineral filler, here calcium carbonate, according to Example 7, in contrast to Example 6 without mineral filler, both the Youngs modulus and also the special mechanical properties predominantly relating to the elongation are improved.
Example 19 shows the properties with an impact strength modified PVC material without any fillers.
Examples 2, 5 and 9 show in a comparative series how, with continuous addition of glass fibres to unreinforced PVC and constant amount of mineral filler, here calcium carbonate, the property picture with respect to mechanical properties is changed. In particular, from a comparison of Examples 7 and 9, it is clear that an~ increasing addition of mineral filler does not impart to the glass fibres any essential improvement of the properties, with the relationships chosen according to the invention in fact approach equilibrium, that i5 with slightly decreasing Youngs modulus and notched bar impact strength and still increasing tear resistance in comparison with products without mineral fillers, see Example S, good properties are achieved.
The comparison of Examples 4 and 8 shows that at too small amounts of ~lass fibres, the desired high stiffening effect of the shaped bodies based on reinforced PVC materials is not yet achieved.
67%;~
-19 - .
1 Example 10 shows a composition which contains an impact resisting modifying material in order to increase the notched bar impact strength, this working to the detriment especially of the Youngs modulus and tear resistance. This can then, according to Example 11 already be increased further by small additions of mineral filler such as calcium carbonate. Examples 12 and 13 show the further addition of modifying means in higher amounts which, however, in spite of the increasing of the notched bar impact strength, in particular do not improve the mechanical properties but reduce themO Examples 14 to 18 show the addition of small amounts of modifying means for increasing the notched bar impact strength, with addition of small amounts of calcium carbonate being maintained at a constant level with in~reasing proportion of glass fibres. From these Examples one can see the improvement in Youngs modulus with increasing glass fibre proportion while maintaining at the same time the notched bar impact strength and the tear resis~ance in the desired range. Both the notched bar impact strength and the impact strength of these compositions is improved.
In Figure 8, the Youngs modulus is shown in its relationship with the glass fibre content and the mineral filler in the composition. Curves la and lb show the progress of the Youngs modulus according to Examples 1, 3, 6, in the longitudinal and ~ransverse direction of the plate a~ 0 parts by weight of calcium carbonate, Curves 2a, 2b tpe Youngs modulus at 15 parts by weight of calcium carbonate according to Examples 4, 8 and Curves 3a, 3b at 25 parts by weight calcium carbonate according to Examples 2, 5, 9.
The dependence of tear resistance on the glass fibre content and mineral filler content is shown in Figure 9, corresponding to Examples 1, 3, 6 in Curves la, b,to Examples 4, 8 in Curves 2a, b and to Examples 2, 5, 9 in Curves 3a, b. From this it can be seen that 1 the small amounts of mineral filler additional to the giass f.ibres which are preferred according to the invention improve on the one hand the workability of the material, but work negatively against the mechanical properties only to a small extent and essentially reinforcing properties are obtained by the addition of the glass fibres.
What is surprising is the good workability of the composition according to the invention which, in spite of the high glass fibre content, leads to a homogeneous product which excels as a result of very good mechanical properties and lack of shrinkage ~approaching 0).
A lack of shrinkage means herein that the tensions which become locked in during the working of the material according to the invention to profiles or tubes are not lost later during use of the products even at higher temperatures, this being observable for example by a warm storing experiment at 100C.
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~LZ~722 The essentially improved properties achievable with the shaped mouldings constructed according to the invention, in contrast to known mouldings formed of plastics material for the prod~ction of windows or doors were tested by production of mouldings by co-extrusion according to Figure 6, however without surface layer 3. For this purpose there was used a core moulding formed of glass fibre~reinforced PVC having the composition according to Example 14, with the core moulding possessing a wall thickness of 3 mm. In addition, a covering with profiling formed from a hard PVC was according to Example 19, co-extruded with a cross-sectioned wall thickness of 0.5 mm. Moreover, the moulding according to Figure 6 was only extruded from the h~ard PVC composition according to Example 19.
The essential properties were measured on the profiles and are set out together in the accompanying Table A. In this way the outstanding properties of the moulding according to the invention with a glass fibre reinforced PVC core moulding and hard PVC covering for example with respect to a pure hard PVC moulding become very clearly recognisable. The significant Youngs modulus for the bending and torsional stiffness of the moulding achieves the more than three times value with the moulding construction according to the inven~ion in contrast to the hard PVC moulding. In this way~ wi h the shaped mouldings accPrding to the invention windows and door frames stiffer with respect to bending can be produced which are able to cope with higher loads and do not require additional metal reinforcements. This good property is also significant on comparison of the tensile strengths and also in the load deflection experiment. The load deflection experiment was carried out with a span of 100 cm with a more than double as great a force being required for the moulding according to the present invention. The impact strength of the moulding according to the present invention is merely %Z
decreased on account of the brittle glass fibre reinforced PVC core moulding with respect to a pure thermoplastics material. Of especial value are the small shrinkage values of ~he moulding according to the invention which suggest a high dimensional stability and is apparent especially advantageously on heating of the moulding when incorporated in window and door frames with solar irradiation on one side. As a result of the reduced shrinkage of the mouldings according to the invention and the high Youngs modulus thereof, a concave flexing of the frames or frame mouldings on heating on one side is reduced to a minimal value which does not influence the unctional efficiency of the frames.
Also surprising however is the welding strength achievable on welding of the mouldings according to the invention under like conditions to normal hard PVC
mouldings, that is so-called corner strength values.
These are of practically unchanged value.
,~
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T a b 1 e A
Properties Dimension Moulding Moulding according with core to Com- according position to com-of Example position 19 of Example 8 and covering according to com-position of Example -Tensile strength N/mm. 47 75 _ _ Elongation at break % 35 5 Youngs modulus 23C N/mm2 2800 9000 __ _ Ball drop experimentKJ/m not broken not broken 1 m K, 1 Kp, 23C
laccording to RAL) C
_ Shrinkage 1 hour at 100C in air ~ 1.7 Q.12 Force for 3.3 mm bending in a span of 100 cm N 175 440 Welded corner strength N 7200 7200 _ Bending according to heat exchange loadingmm/n -3.0 -0.1 Impact strength 23C XJ/m not broken 26 -20C " " 30 _
Surprisingly, it has been established that the shaped mculdings according to the invention with their ~Z~.672%
glass fibre reinforced core moulding, may be welded in trouble free manner and good weld strengths be obtained in spite of the high glass fibre content, as may be established for example in the production of frames for windows or doors.
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described, as examples only, without limitative manner, having reference the attached drawings, wherein FIGURES 1 to 6 show sections of different multi-layer shaped mouldings according to the invention.
In Figure 1 there is shown schematically a hollow core moulding 1 formed of glass fibre-reinforced polyvinyl chloride which is covered externally with a thin covering 2 formed from a thermoplastic plastics, such as for example hard PVC or ABS. In addition a part of the extent of the covering is bound directly to a surface layer 3 formed from a plastics material different from that of the covering 2, for example a weather resistant plastics material such as polymethylmethacrylate. It is also possible here for example to laminate a very thin polyvinylidene fluoride or polyvinyl fluoride foil by means of a bonding layer.
In Figure 2 th~re is shown schematically a glass fibre-reinforced hollow core moulding 1 which is provided externally with a covering 2 which is composed of different materials or like materials in different colours in the regions 2a and 2b.
~n Figure 3 there is shown a shaped moulding which contains two core mouldings la, lb formed of glass fibre reinforced polyvinyl chloride as stiffening in a corset and a stable thermoplastic shape-imparting covering 2, formed for example of hard PVC. The shape imparting covering 2 here gives the profile the external form inclusive of pro-jections 21.
In Figure 4 is shown a T-form shaped moulding which possesses a multichamber hollow core moulding 1 formed of glass fibre-reinforced PVC which imparts to ~Z~i722 1 the moulding the necessary stiffness, strength, torsional resistance and Youngs modulus. This core moulding 1 is provided with a covering 2 formed of a thermoplastic plastics material, with the covering containing additional shape imparting formations in the form of projections 21 e~c. In addition, this moulding can be provided furthermore for example with a surface layer 3 on the weathering side, which is especially weather resistant and which can be coloured different to the covering 3. Preferably such a profile is produced according to Figure 4 by combined extrusion with the bonding of the Iayers 1,~,3 taking place without bonding means and the multilayer moulding 1,2,3 obtaining its final form in a single calibrating tool, provided that thermoplastic materials compatible with one another are provided.
In Figure 5 there is shown a further possibility for formation and use of the inventionj wherein a core mouldihg 1 formed very simply in a right angled hollow moulding mould is provided with a covering 2 formed from a suitable plastics material realising a complicated moulding shape. Such a moulding is also preferably producible by co-extrusion.
In Figure 6 it is shown in a further development Of the invention that it is possible to form the c~re moulding 1 formed of glass fibre-reinforced PVC with a complicated shaping and plurality of hollow chambers, with the covering then following the shaping of the core moulding 1. Also here a further surface cladding layer can still be additionally provided which can extend over a part of the periphery or however also over the entire periphery of the moulding.
From the above-indicated descriptions of the figures, it follows that in each case the supporting moulding, the core moulding 1, is formed of glass fibre-reinforced polyvinyl chloride. The covering formed of unreinEorced glass fibre~free thermoplastic ;72;~
1 plastics material, such as for example hard PVC or acrylate and optionally a still further surface layer formed of a further material and optionally also coloured differently to the covering, improves the S properties of the core moulding. The multilayer moulding is preferably extruded, with the thicknesses of the individual layers being the same or even different.
this being adjusted too according to the statistical requirements under optimal use for the properties of the material layers. Since the core mouldiny formed of glass fibre-reinforced PVC possesses very good mechanical properties, it can be produced, in contrast to pure hard-PVC mouldings, in simplified cross-section.
The covering layer has not only the object of lS smoothing the possibly porous and rough surface of the core moulding and sealing it, but also of increasing of the appearance and weather resistance. Moreover as a result of the thinner plastics covering layer, on callibration of the multilayer profile, the calibration tool makes less demands on the walls than if a glass fibre-reinforced material must be directly calibrated.
In this way, as a result of the covering, the welding in the production of the mouldings in metal tools is also reduced.
In Figure 7 there is shown schematically an extrusion apparatus for the production of the multilayer moulding layer according to the invention by co-extrusion. At 10 there is shown the main extruder for extrusion of the glass fibre-reinforced polyvinyl ~-- 30 chloride for the core moulding to which the extrusion tool 12 for shaping of the core moulding is connected.
Adjoining it i5 the extrusion tool 13 for the shaping of the covering 2, with the plastics material for the covering being supplied by the extruder 14. Finally, there is connected, for a third layer, the extrusion tool 15 to which the surface layer material is supplied by the ext~uder 16. The multilayer moulding 11 leaving the extrusion tool is then supplied to the calibrating tools 17, with the final external dimensioning of the profile moulding and cooling thereof taking place during passage through these calibrating tools. The withdrawal takes place at the withdrawal arrangement 1~. In addition, the moulding can also be cooled internally by means of for example water.
The different components of the composition according to the invention can be homogenised with one another for the production of extrudable mixtures and then be extruded.
The following ~xamples 1 to 19 serve for the clarification and explanation of the invention. Of these, Examples 1 to 5, 8 and 19 are to be regarded as Compa~rative Examples or Examples lying outside the invention, whilst the other examples serve for the explanation of the invention. The Examples are reproduced in the following Tables. For obtaining the composition, the proportions can be mixed in dry pulverous form and plasticised, after which plates of a thickness of about 4 mm and a width of about 500 mm are extruded by means oE for example a single spinder-screw extruder. The extrusion takes place at cylinder temperatures increasing from 160 to 190C with a tool te.~perature of 195C. The test bodies were produced from these plates according to standard test specifications.
The components of the composition are expressed in the Examples in parts by weight, a suspension-PVC with K-value 64 being employed for Examples 1 to 13 and 19 and, for Examples 14 to 18, a suspension PVC with a K-value of 57 being employed. The different modifiers employed in Examples 10 to 19 are indicated by their abbreviation.
The properties with respect of the extruded plates have been measured both in the longitudinal and transverse direction. The Youngs modulus is d~termined according to DIN 53457, the notched bar impact strength according to Izod ASTM D 256, the tear strength according to DIN 5345$, the elongation at break accordlng to DIN 53455 and the dimensional stability A
in C according to ISO ~ 75.
Example 1 contains an unreinforced PVC-material without further fillers as comparative example.
Examples 3 and 6 show an unreinforced material with 30 or 50 parts by weight of glass fibres without further fillers. From this it is apparent that, by the addition of glass fibres, the Youngs modulus is increased, while the tear resistance is already somewhat decreased. By the addition of small amounts of mineral filler, here calcium carbonate, according to Example 7, in contrast to Example 6 without mineral filler, both the Youngs modulus and also the special mechanical properties predominantly relating to the elongation are improved.
Example 19 shows the properties with an impact strength modified PVC material without any fillers.
Examples 2, 5 and 9 show in a comparative series how, with continuous addition of glass fibres to unreinforced PVC and constant amount of mineral filler, here calcium carbonate, the property picture with respect to mechanical properties is changed. In particular, from a comparison of Examples 7 and 9, it is clear that an~ increasing addition of mineral filler does not impart to the glass fibres any essential improvement of the properties, with the relationships chosen according to the invention in fact approach equilibrium, that i5 with slightly decreasing Youngs modulus and notched bar impact strength and still increasing tear resistance in comparison with products without mineral fillers, see Example S, good properties are achieved.
The comparison of Examples 4 and 8 shows that at too small amounts of ~lass fibres, the desired high stiffening effect of the shaped bodies based on reinforced PVC materials is not yet achieved.
67%;~
-19 - .
1 Example 10 shows a composition which contains an impact resisting modifying material in order to increase the notched bar impact strength, this working to the detriment especially of the Youngs modulus and tear resistance. This can then, according to Example 11 already be increased further by small additions of mineral filler such as calcium carbonate. Examples 12 and 13 show the further addition of modifying means in higher amounts which, however, in spite of the increasing of the notched bar impact strength, in particular do not improve the mechanical properties but reduce themO Examples 14 to 18 show the addition of small amounts of modifying means for increasing the notched bar impact strength, with addition of small amounts of calcium carbonate being maintained at a constant level with in~reasing proportion of glass fibres. From these Examples one can see the improvement in Youngs modulus with increasing glass fibre proportion while maintaining at the same time the notched bar impact strength and the tear resis~ance in the desired range. Both the notched bar impact strength and the impact strength of these compositions is improved.
In Figure 8, the Youngs modulus is shown in its relationship with the glass fibre content and the mineral filler in the composition. Curves la and lb show the progress of the Youngs modulus according to Examples 1, 3, 6, in the longitudinal and ~ransverse direction of the plate a~ 0 parts by weight of calcium carbonate, Curves 2a, 2b tpe Youngs modulus at 15 parts by weight of calcium carbonate according to Examples 4, 8 and Curves 3a, 3b at 25 parts by weight calcium carbonate according to Examples 2, 5, 9.
The dependence of tear resistance on the glass fibre content and mineral filler content is shown in Figure 9, corresponding to Examples 1, 3, 6 in Curves la, b,to Examples 4, 8 in Curves 2a, b and to Examples 2, 5, 9 in Curves 3a, b. From this it can be seen that 1 the small amounts of mineral filler additional to the giass f.ibres which are preferred according to the invention improve on the one hand the workability of the material, but work negatively against the mechanical properties only to a small extent and essentially reinforcing properties are obtained by the addition of the glass fibres.
What is surprising is the good workability of the composition according to the invention which, in spite of the high glass fibre content, leads to a homogeneous product which excels as a result of very good mechanical properties and lack of shrinkage ~approaching 0).
A lack of shrinkage means herein that the tensions which become locked in during the working of the material according to the invention to profiles or tubes are not lost later during use of the products even at higher temperatures, this being observable for example by a warm storing experiment at 100C.
_~ 30 ~2~72~
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~ ~. Q~ 1 ~ ~ Ql O ~ ~ v~ rl r-l U~ I11) r~ ~--1 o Ei td td td ~1 o~:; ~ ~ a) O ~ tr)r~ ~.) ~) ~ ~1 d X 1:4 ~X ~ t~ td u~ ~ td O
I r~ ~ a) 0 td td ~: O ~ r~
U~ ~ (J~ ~-1 r~ ~3 h~ td :~ ~ td ~: u~ rl O t) o,~ -- ~ a) td I a) td Q ~ rl) a) ~ ,~
r~l ~ ~ rl ~ a) 0 I q U~ ~ O ~1 td u~
rl ~ t~ rl ~ r lt~ tN r~ ~ N t~l ~ ~ ~) ~;~> Q rl U~ O ~U7 ~ td ~ ~ O ~ H ~1 ~ ~ a~ O
tdt~ td ~td O tN ri I ~D >~ ~~ ~1 fd k O Ei X I ~ O ~td ~ X td ~1 0 O ~ O ~ ~ r-l rl U~ ~ C~ r-l O O U U~ ~ ~;Z U~ ~ E-~ Z ~Ll o\0 a ~
`~
~LZ~722 The essentially improved properties achievable with the shaped mouldings constructed according to the invention, in contrast to known mouldings formed of plastics material for the prod~ction of windows or doors were tested by production of mouldings by co-extrusion according to Figure 6, however without surface layer 3. For this purpose there was used a core moulding formed of glass fibre~reinforced PVC having the composition according to Example 14, with the core moulding possessing a wall thickness of 3 mm. In addition, a covering with profiling formed from a hard PVC was according to Example 19, co-extruded with a cross-sectioned wall thickness of 0.5 mm. Moreover, the moulding according to Figure 6 was only extruded from the h~ard PVC composition according to Example 19.
The essential properties were measured on the profiles and are set out together in the accompanying Table A. In this way the outstanding properties of the moulding according to the invention with a glass fibre reinforced PVC core moulding and hard PVC covering for example with respect to a pure hard PVC moulding become very clearly recognisable. The significant Youngs modulus for the bending and torsional stiffness of the moulding achieves the more than three times value with the moulding construction according to the inven~ion in contrast to the hard PVC moulding. In this way~ wi h the shaped mouldings accPrding to the invention windows and door frames stiffer with respect to bending can be produced which are able to cope with higher loads and do not require additional metal reinforcements. This good property is also significant on comparison of the tensile strengths and also in the load deflection experiment. The load deflection experiment was carried out with a span of 100 cm with a more than double as great a force being required for the moulding according to the present invention. The impact strength of the moulding according to the present invention is merely %Z
decreased on account of the brittle glass fibre reinforced PVC core moulding with respect to a pure thermoplastics material. Of especial value are the small shrinkage values of ~he moulding according to the invention which suggest a high dimensional stability and is apparent especially advantageously on heating of the moulding when incorporated in window and door frames with solar irradiation on one side. As a result of the reduced shrinkage of the mouldings according to the invention and the high Youngs modulus thereof, a concave flexing of the frames or frame mouldings on heating on one side is reduced to a minimal value which does not influence the unctional efficiency of the frames.
Also surprising however is the welding strength achievable on welding of the mouldings according to the invention under like conditions to normal hard PVC
mouldings, that is so-called corner strength values.
These are of practically unchanged value.
,~
~6~Z
T a b 1 e A
Properties Dimension Moulding Moulding according with core to Com- according position to com-of Example position 19 of Example 8 and covering according to com-position of Example -Tensile strength N/mm. 47 75 _ _ Elongation at break % 35 5 Youngs modulus 23C N/mm2 2800 9000 __ _ Ball drop experimentKJ/m not broken not broken 1 m K, 1 Kp, 23C
laccording to RAL) C
_ Shrinkage 1 hour at 100C in air ~ 1.7 Q.12 Force for 3.3 mm bending in a span of 100 cm N 175 440 Welded corner strength N 7200 7200 _ Bending according to heat exchange loadingmm/n -3.0 -0.1 Impact strength 23C XJ/m not broken 26 -20C " " 30 _
Claims (21)
1. An extrudable glass fiber-reinforced polyvinyl chloride composition made up of polyvinyl chloride resin having a K value between 55 and 75, glass fibers, and inorganic fillers different from the glass fibers, and conventional additives, including mold release agents, stabilizers, pro-cessing aids, and colorants for the production of extruded articles, said composition containing, per 100 parts by weight of a polyvinyl chloride resin, 50-100 parts by weight of glass fibers having a diameter of between 5 and 25 µm with a length up to 12 mm, and 5-25 parts by weight of a mineral filler having an average particle diameter of below 50 µm and exhib-iting a modulus of elasticity in the extrusion direction of an extruded product of at least 8,000N/mm2 at 23°C.
2. A composition according to claim 1, wherein additionally up to 30 parts by weight of polymeric modifier for enhancing the impact strength of a extruded product formed from said composition is contained therein, said composition exhibiting modulus of elasticity in the extrusion direction of the product of at least 10,000N/mm2 at 23°C and an elongation at break in the transverse direction on the order of 2%.
3. A composition according to claim 1, wherein additionally 2.5-5.5 parts by weight of mold release agent is contained therein.
4 A composition accordint to claim 2, wherein said composition contains, per 100 parts by weight of the polyvinyl chloride resin, 50-80 parts by weight of glass fibers having a diameter of between 5 and 25 µm with a length of 0.5-12 mm, 5-15 parts by weight of a powdery mineral filler having an average particle diameter of below 50 µm, 2.5-5.0 parts by weight of a mold release agent, and up to 30 parts by weight of the polymeric modifier.
5. A molded article obtained by extrusion from the glass fiber-reinforced polyvinyl chloride composition according to claim 1 exhibiting a modulus of elasticity in the extrusion direction of at least 8000N/mm2 at 23°C.
6. A profile strip for the manufacture of frames for windows or doors comprising a core profile formed of reinforced synthetic resin and a synthetic resin shell sur-rounding at least a part of the core profile; said core profile being formed of a glass fiber-reinforced polyvinyl chloride resin-containing composition, additionally con-taining per 100 parts by weight of a polyvinyl chloride resin having a K value between 55 and 75,40 to 100 parts by weight of glass fibers having a diameter of between 5 and 25 µm with a length of up to 12 mm, and 0 to 25 parts by weight of a mineral filler with an average particle diameter of below 50 µm; said core profile exhibiting a microporous, slightly roughened surface, and said core profile being bonded to the shell; said shell being free of glass fibers, being formed of a synthetic resin that is compatible with polyvinyl chloride resin and exceeding the impact resistance of the core profile and said strip exhibiting, in the extrusion direction, a modulus of elasticity of at least 8000N/mm2 at 23°C.
7. The profile strip according to claim 6, wherein the core profile furthermore contains up to 30 parts by weight of polymeric modifier per 100 parts of the polyvinyl chloride resin for increasing the impact strength of the core profile.
8. The profile strip according to claim 6, wherein the core profile furthermore contains 2.5-5.5 parts by weight of a mold release agent per 100 parts of said polyvinyl chloride resin.
9. A profile strip according to claim 6, wherein the core profile contains, per 100 parts by weight of poly-vinyl chloride having a K value of between 55 and 75, 40-80 parts by weight of glass having a diameter of between 5 and 25 m with a length of 0.5 to 12 mm, 1 to 15 parts by weight of a powdery mineral filler having an average particle diameter of below 50 µm, and 2.5-5.0 parts by weight of a mold release agent, and up to 30 parts by weight of a polymeric modifier.
10. A profile strip according to claim 6, wherein the core profile has a wall structure that exhibits wall thick-nesses of between 1.0 and 10 mm.
11. A profile strip according to claim 6, wherein the shell has a wall structure with a wall thickness of 0.2-4 mm.
12. A profile strip according to claim 6, wherein the shell is made up from a member selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, post-chlorinated polyvinyl chloride, a copolymer obtained from a chlorinated vinyl monomer and at least one monomer copoly-merizable therewith, a graft copolymer of vinyl chloride with ethylene-vinyl acetate, alkyl acrylate, vinyl acetate, chlorinated polyethylene, butadiene, polyolefin, and mixtures thereof, and also contains additives, including heat stabilizers, mold release agents, pigments, UV absorbents, processing aids and modifiers.
13. A profile strip according to claim 6, wherein the shell is made up from a member selected from the group consisting of polyalkyl acrylate, acrylate-butadiene-styrene copolymer, methyl methacrylate-butadiene-styrene copolymer, (MBS), polyester polyvinylidiene fluoride, (PVF), PVDF and mixtures thereof.
14. A profile strip according to claim 6, wherein the shell is partially composed of two materials different from each other.
15. A profile strip according to claim 6, wherein the shell is provided with a profiled configuration.
16. A profile strip according to claim 6, wherein the shell is built up at least, in part, in a multiple-layer form of various polymeric materials.
17. A profile strip according to claim 16, further comprising a cover layer partially covering the shell, said cover layer being formed of a weather-resistant synthetic acrylate resin, having a thickness of 0.1-1.2 mm.
18. A profile strip according to claim 6, wherein the core profile is thermally stabilized and the shell is stabilized thermally and with respect to light.
19. A profile strip according to claim 6, wherein said strip is manufactured by coextrusion and calibrated on the outer surfaces thereof the profile strip exhibiting a residual shrinkage of below 0.5%.
20. A profile strip according to claim 12, wherein the shell contains, besides the synthetic resin, up to 20% by weight of a modifier comprising EVA, CPE or MBS.
21. A profile strip according to claim 6, wherein said polyvinyl chloride resin comprises a member selected from group consisting of polyvinyl chloride having a K value of between 55 and 75, polyvinylidiene chloride, post chlorinated polyvinyl chloride, a copolymer of at 75% by weight of vinyl-chloride and at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer, a graft copolymer of vinyl chloride acetate, methyl acrylate, vinyl acetate, chlorinated polyethylene, butadiene a polyolefin and mixtures thereof.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19823202919 DE3202919A1 (en) | 1982-01-29 | 1982-01-29 | GLASS FIBER REINFORCED POLYVINYL COMPOSITION |
| DEP3202918.7 | 1982-01-29 | ||
| DEP3202919.5 | 1982-01-29 | ||
| DE3202918A DE3202918C2 (en) | 1982-01-29 | 1982-01-29 | Profile strip |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1216722A true CA1216722A (en) | 1987-01-20 |
Family
ID=25799190
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000420483A Expired CA1216722A (en) | 1982-01-29 | 1983-01-28 | Process for the production of shaped bodies formed from a glass fibre-reinforced polyvinyl chloride material |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU562053B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8300423A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1216722A (en) |
| EG (1) | EG15874A (en) |
| ES (1) | ES519341A0 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI75178C (en) |
| HU (1) | HU186629B (en) |
| IN (1) | IN157906B (en) |
| PL (2) | PL144861B1 (en) |
| PT (1) | PT76151B (en) |
| YU (2) | YU18983A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5647172A (en) * | 1989-12-22 | 1997-07-15 | Rokicki; Stanley | Pultruded fiberglass framing sections |
| EP2199517A2 (en) * | 2008-12-19 | 2010-06-23 | Käuferle GmbH & Co. KG | Door construction with composite fibre reinforcement |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB8400290D0 (en) * | 1984-01-06 | 1984-02-08 | Wiggins Teape Group Ltd | Fibre reinforced plastics structures |
| GB8400291D0 (en) * | 1984-01-06 | 1984-02-08 | Wiggins Teape Group Ltd | Fibre reinforced plastics sheets |
-
1983
- 1983-01-26 EG EG4983A patent/EG15874A/en active
- 1983-01-26 PL PL25818083A patent/PL144861B1/en unknown
- 1983-01-26 PL PL24029883A patent/PL143283B1/en unknown
- 1983-01-27 PT PT7615183A patent/PT76151B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-01-27 YU YU18983A patent/YU18983A/en unknown
- 1983-01-28 ES ES519341A patent/ES519341A0/en active Granted
- 1983-01-28 FI FI830312A patent/FI75178C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-01-28 HU HU29083A patent/HU186629B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-01-28 BR BR8300423A patent/BR8300423A/en unknown
- 1983-01-28 CA CA000420483A patent/CA1216722A/en not_active Expired
- 1983-01-28 AU AU10856/83A patent/AU562053B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1983-01-29 IN IN112/CAL/83A patent/IN157906B/en unknown
-
1985
- 1985-09-10 YU YU142485A patent/YU43684B/en unknown
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5647172A (en) * | 1989-12-22 | 1997-07-15 | Rokicki; Stanley | Pultruded fiberglass framing sections |
| EP2199517A2 (en) * | 2008-12-19 | 2010-06-23 | Käuferle GmbH & Co. KG | Door construction with composite fibre reinforcement |
| EP2199517A3 (en) * | 2008-12-19 | 2014-02-26 | Käuferle GmbH & Co. KG | Door construction with composite fibre reinforcement |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| YU18983A (en) | 1985-12-31 |
| PL143283B1 (en) | 1988-01-30 |
| PT76151B (en) | 1985-11-25 |
| EG15874A (en) | 1986-12-30 |
| ES8403190A1 (en) | 1984-03-01 |
| ES519341A0 (en) | 1984-03-01 |
| AU1085683A (en) | 1983-08-04 |
| FI75178C (en) | 1988-05-09 |
| PT76151A (en) | 1983-02-01 |
| IN157906B (en) | 1986-07-19 |
| YU43684B (en) | 1989-10-31 |
| HU186629B (en) | 1985-08-28 |
| FI75178B (en) | 1988-01-29 |
| PL240298A1 (en) | 1983-08-29 |
| AU562053B2 (en) | 1987-05-28 |
| FI830312A0 (en) | 1983-01-28 |
| PL144861B1 (en) | 1988-07-30 |
| BR8300423A (en) | 1983-11-01 |
| YU142485A (en) | 1988-02-29 |
| FI830312L (en) | 1983-07-30 |
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