CA1159659A - Apparatus for supplying steam to gland seal of turbine - Google Patents
Apparatus for supplying steam to gland seal of turbineInfo
- Publication number
- CA1159659A CA1159659A CA000372832A CA372832A CA1159659A CA 1159659 A CA1159659 A CA 1159659A CA 000372832 A CA000372832 A CA 000372832A CA 372832 A CA372832 A CA 372832A CA 1159659 A CA1159659 A CA 1159659A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- steam
- temperature
- gland seal
- turbine
- adjusting means
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Landscapes
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
Abstract
Abstract:
The present invention relates to an apparatus for supplying steam to a gland seal of a turbine. The apparatus is comprised of gland seal portions which seal a fluid inside the turbine from the exterior, a steam generator or steam header which supplies the steam to the gland seal portions as a sealing fluid, a pipe portion which couples the steam generator or steam header and the gland seal portion and a gland seal steam pressure adjuster which is interposed in the pipe portion and which adjusts a pressure of the sealing fluid to be supplied to the gland seal portions. A vortex tube is provided which is arranged in the pipe portion, and a flow rate adjusting device which adjusts the flow rate of the steam being discharged from the vortex tube.
The present invention relates to an apparatus for supplying steam to a gland seal of a turbine. The apparatus is comprised of gland seal portions which seal a fluid inside the turbine from the exterior, a steam generator or steam header which supplies the steam to the gland seal portions as a sealing fluid, a pipe portion which couples the steam generator or steam header and the gland seal portion and a gland seal steam pressure adjuster which is interposed in the pipe portion and which adjusts a pressure of the sealing fluid to be supplied to the gland seal portions. A vortex tube is provided which is arranged in the pipe portion, and a flow rate adjusting device which adjusts the flow rate of the steam being discharged from the vortex tube.
Description
~ 159~5~
Apparatus for Suppl~ing Steam to Gland Seal of Turbine This invention relates to an apparatus for supplying steam to the gland seal of a turbine, and more particularly to an apparatus which supplies steam at a suitable temperature to the gland seal portions of the turbine.
To prevent external leakage of fluid into a turbine and to enhance the turbine efficiency, steam is supplied to the gland seal portions of a turbine, sealing fluid inside the turbine. Gland seal portions are so constructed that, during the high load operation of the turbine, leakage steam from the high pressure side gland-seal portion, disposed on the high pressure side of the turbine, functions to seal the gland seal portion of the low pressure side. However, during low load operation or at startup, leakage steam from the high pressure side ~5 gland seal portion becomes insufficient, so that gland seal steam must be supplied from the main boiler of a power generation unit or the like.
Accordingly, the gland seal steam must be supplied depending upon the temperature condition of the gland seal portion. Therefore, even in the case where the steam is supplied from a boiler within the plant, a temperature reducing device must be installed, which results in an increase in the cost of equipment. When the temperature reducing device is not used, the sealing effect degrades, .. , ~ . , . - . .: :
- :
:,.
.
' ~ . :
~ 1~96~
, .
~- 2 -and moreover, an excess thermal stress is present in the gland seal portion, which can lead to a failure of the gland seal portion.
~n object of this invention is to provide an apparatus for supplying steam to the gland seal of a turbine, which can prevent the occurrence of an excess thermal stress in the gland seal portion.
Another object of this invention is to provide an apparatus for supplying steam to the gland seal of a turbine, which can prevent the leakage of a-flu~d inside the turbine and which is inexpensive.
In accordance with an aspect of the invention there is provided an apparatus for supplying steam to a gland seal of a turbine comprising gland seal portions which seal a fluid inside the turbine, supplying means to supply the sealing fluid to said gland seal portions, coupling means to couple said supplying means and said gland seal portions, temperature and adjusting means arranged in said coupling means to adjust the temperature of said sealing fluid, and flow rate adjusting means to adjust the flow rate of the sealing fluid to be discharged from the temperature -adjusting means; wherein said means for coupling between said temperature adjusting means and said gland seal portions comprises pressure adjusting means to adjust the pressure of the sealing fluid to be supplied to said gland seal portions; and wherein said temperature adjusting means comprises an inlet into which the sealing fluid is intro-duced at a predetermined temperature and first and second outlets out of which the sealing fluids are respectively provided at temperatures different from said predetermined temperature, in different directions, and wherein said sealing fluid to be supplied is provided from either of said first or second outlets.
~ .
, , ' . ~ ',, ' , .. ~
~ 1 S96~9 - 2a -According to a preferred embodiment of this invention, there is provided an apparatus for supplying steam to the gland seal of a turbine comprising a vortex tube which is arranged in a pipe portion for coupling a steam generator or steam header and the gland seal portions of the turbine, and a regulator which adjusts the flow rate of steam to be discharged from the vortex tube.
In drawings which illustrate embodiments of the invention:
Figure 1 is a sectional view showing the structure of a vortex tube which is used in an embodiment of this invention;
Figure 2 is a graph showing the vortex effect of the vortex tube shown in Figure l; and , 1 1 5965~
Figure 3 is a block diagram showing the construction of an apparatus for supplying steam to the gland seal of a turbine in accordance with an embodiment of this invention.
Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment Before describing an embodiment of this invention, the operating principle and vortex effect of a vortex tube which is used in the embodiment will be explained with reference to Figures 1 and 2.
Referring to Figure 1, an outlet 1 for a low-temperature fluid is formed at one end o a tube 4. An outlet 2 for a high-temperature fluid is formed at the other end of the tube 4. One or more nozzles 3, one shown in Figure 1, are formed near the outlet 1 for the low-temperature fluid. The nozzle 3 is arranged tangentially on the circular section of tube 4 and communicates with the interior of the tube 4. When a high-pressure fluid is fed into the nozzle 3 by a means not shown, it swirls as indicated by arrows within the tube 4, owing to the structure inside the tube 4, also not shown. As a result of this swirling action, fluid at a temperature which is lower than the temperature of the fluid fed into the nozzle 3, flows out the outlet 1 to form the low-temperature fluid, whereas fluid at a temperature higher than the temperature of the fluid fed into the nozzle 3 flows out from the outlet 2 to form the high-temperature fluid. This effect is called the "vortex effect".
Figure 2 shows the temperature variations caused by the vortex tube. In the figure, letter A denotes a characteristic variation of the temperature of the high-temperature outflow steam which flows from outlet 2, and letter B denotes a characteristic variation of the temperature of the low-temperature outflow steam which flows from the outlet 1. The ordinate represents ~T, the magnitude of temperature variation with respect to the temperature of the inflow steam fed from the nozzle 3-.
' , - .
.
.. . .
~ 15~65~
,~
The abscissa represents the ratio q/Q where q is the quantity of fluid flowing out of outlet 2 and Q is the quantity of fluid flowing in at inlet 3. By way of example, in the case where the quantity q is 50 % of the quantity Q, the temperature A of the high-temperature outflow steam is about 30C higher than the temperature of the inflow steam, and the temperature B of the low-temperature outflow steam is about 40C lower.
An embodiment of this invention will now be described with reference to Figure 3. Steam discharged from a boiler 301 is fed through a stop valve 313 and a steam header 309 and is introduced into a vortex tube 315 at a nozzle 318 which corresponds to the nozzle 3 in Figure 1.
The steam flows out from a high-temperature steam outlet 317, which corresponds to the outlet 2 in Figure 1, and a low-temperature steam outlet 316, corresponding to the outlet 1 in Figure 1. The high-temperature steam from outlet 317 is supplied to gland seal portions 324 and 324' of a turbine 303 through a stop valve 320 and a gland seal steam adjuster 311. The low-temperature steam from outlet 316 is supplied through a stop valve 322 to a discharge regulator valve 319 where its discharge or flow rate is regulated, and enters a steam condenser 304 to cool the interior thereof along with another cooling means 325. In addition, steam from the boiler 301 is fed to the turbine 303 via a main steam pipe 302 and is thereafter delivered to the steam condenser 304. The steam supplied to the gland seal portions 324 and 324' is delivered to a condenser 306. Water in the condenser 304 is drawn out by means of a condensing pump 305, and is supplied through the gland seal steam-condenser 306 to a deaerator 307 where mixed gases etc. are removed therefrom. The water is then fed into the boiler 301 by means of a feed pump 308. In the above construction, the high-temperature steam outlet 317 is connected to the inlet of the discharge regulator valve 319 through a stop valve 321 ., ~.
. .
., . , ;
~ ~Sg6S9 besides being connected to the gland seal steam adjuster 311 through the stop valve 320. The low-temperature steam outlet 316 is similarly connected to the inlet of the adjuster 311 through a stop valve 323 besides being connected to the regulator valve 319 through the stop valve 322. The discharge regulator valve 319 is connected to the condenser 304.
The operation of this embodiment is as follows. In starting the turbine, in the case where steam at a temperature higher than that of the steam in the header 309 needs to be supplied to the gland seal portion 324, the steam flows from the header 309 through the nozzle 318 into the vortex tube 315. Its temperature is raised in the vortex tube and it exits from the high-temperature lS steam outlet 317. It is then supplied through the stop valve 320 and pressure adjuster 311, to a gland seal steam header 312 and into the gland seal portions 324 and 324'.
At this time, the stop valve 321 is closed. As illustrated in Figure 2, the value of the temperature rise in the vortex tube 315 varies depending upon the quantity of the inflow steam and the quantity of the high-temperature steam. When using high-temperature steam, the temperature rise value is adjusted by regulating the quantity of the low-temperature steam by opening or closing the discharge regulator valve 319. At this time, the stop valve 323 is closed.
In the case where steam at a temperature lower than that of the steam in the header needs to be supplied to the gland seal portion, the steam from the low-temperature steam outlet 316 is supplied to the gland seal portion through the adjuster 311 by opening the stop valve 323.
At this time, the stop valve 322 is closed.
The high-temperature steam is caused to flow into the regulator valve 319 by closing the stop valve 320 and opening the stop valve 321, to regulate the value of the temperature fall of the low-temperature steam.
,, , ;
' '' ' ' , ' ' . ' :
1 ~9659 Table l lists the values of the optimum temperatures of the gland seal steam in the hot mode and cold mode of the turbine.
_ . _ . .. ...
Starting mode Optimum Temperature of gland seal steam Highest 370C
Hot Lowest 295C
. . _ ___ Highest 260C
Cold . __ . Lowest __ 150C __ _ By way of example, suppose that the temperature of the steam flowing into the nozzle is 230C. In the case of supplying gland seal steam at 300C to the gland seal portion in the hot mode, the flow rate is adjusted so that the quantity q becomes 20 % with respect to the quantity Q. A 70C temperature rise A, the required temperature rise, results when q/Q = 20 % as is shown by Figure 2.
Supposing that the steam temperature in the header 309 is 270C, in the hot mode. The high-temperature steam of the vortex tube 315 is used, and q/Q = 50 % is adjusted.
The steam temperature then rises 30C as indicated in Figure 2, and the optimum temperature of 300C is established. On the other hand, in the cold mode, low-temperature steam at 60 % of the inflow steam isutilized. This takes place as is apparent from Figure 2, when high-temperature steam is taken out at 40 % and is caused to flow to the condenser 304 via the regulator valve 319~ The steam temperature then falls ~0C to the optimum temperature of 230C~
The steam having undergone the temperature change by the vortex tube as described above is supplied in compliance with the temperature state of the gland seal portion of the turbine, whereby the leakage of the fluid - : :
':
1 ~59659 within the turbine can be prevented and the occurrence of any excess thermal stress in the gland seal portion is prevented. Further, by employing the vortex tube which is comparatively inexpensive, it is possible to provide an inexpensive apparatus for supplying steam to the gland seal of a turbine.
While, in the embodiment, the case of using only one vortex tube and coupling it in series with the steam header etc. has been described, a plurality of vortex tubes can be used, and the vortex tubes can be coupled in parallel.
,
Apparatus for Suppl~ing Steam to Gland Seal of Turbine This invention relates to an apparatus for supplying steam to the gland seal of a turbine, and more particularly to an apparatus which supplies steam at a suitable temperature to the gland seal portions of the turbine.
To prevent external leakage of fluid into a turbine and to enhance the turbine efficiency, steam is supplied to the gland seal portions of a turbine, sealing fluid inside the turbine. Gland seal portions are so constructed that, during the high load operation of the turbine, leakage steam from the high pressure side gland-seal portion, disposed on the high pressure side of the turbine, functions to seal the gland seal portion of the low pressure side. However, during low load operation or at startup, leakage steam from the high pressure side ~5 gland seal portion becomes insufficient, so that gland seal steam must be supplied from the main boiler of a power generation unit or the like.
Accordingly, the gland seal steam must be supplied depending upon the temperature condition of the gland seal portion. Therefore, even in the case where the steam is supplied from a boiler within the plant, a temperature reducing device must be installed, which results in an increase in the cost of equipment. When the temperature reducing device is not used, the sealing effect degrades, .. , ~ . , . - . .: :
- :
:,.
.
' ~ . :
~ 1~96~
, .
~- 2 -and moreover, an excess thermal stress is present in the gland seal portion, which can lead to a failure of the gland seal portion.
~n object of this invention is to provide an apparatus for supplying steam to the gland seal of a turbine, which can prevent the occurrence of an excess thermal stress in the gland seal portion.
Another object of this invention is to provide an apparatus for supplying steam to the gland seal of a turbine, which can prevent the leakage of a-flu~d inside the turbine and which is inexpensive.
In accordance with an aspect of the invention there is provided an apparatus for supplying steam to a gland seal of a turbine comprising gland seal portions which seal a fluid inside the turbine, supplying means to supply the sealing fluid to said gland seal portions, coupling means to couple said supplying means and said gland seal portions, temperature and adjusting means arranged in said coupling means to adjust the temperature of said sealing fluid, and flow rate adjusting means to adjust the flow rate of the sealing fluid to be discharged from the temperature -adjusting means; wherein said means for coupling between said temperature adjusting means and said gland seal portions comprises pressure adjusting means to adjust the pressure of the sealing fluid to be supplied to said gland seal portions; and wherein said temperature adjusting means comprises an inlet into which the sealing fluid is intro-duced at a predetermined temperature and first and second outlets out of which the sealing fluids are respectively provided at temperatures different from said predetermined temperature, in different directions, and wherein said sealing fluid to be supplied is provided from either of said first or second outlets.
~ .
, , ' . ~ ',, ' , .. ~
~ 1 S96~9 - 2a -According to a preferred embodiment of this invention, there is provided an apparatus for supplying steam to the gland seal of a turbine comprising a vortex tube which is arranged in a pipe portion for coupling a steam generator or steam header and the gland seal portions of the turbine, and a regulator which adjusts the flow rate of steam to be discharged from the vortex tube.
In drawings which illustrate embodiments of the invention:
Figure 1 is a sectional view showing the structure of a vortex tube which is used in an embodiment of this invention;
Figure 2 is a graph showing the vortex effect of the vortex tube shown in Figure l; and , 1 1 5965~
Figure 3 is a block diagram showing the construction of an apparatus for supplying steam to the gland seal of a turbine in accordance with an embodiment of this invention.
Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment Before describing an embodiment of this invention, the operating principle and vortex effect of a vortex tube which is used in the embodiment will be explained with reference to Figures 1 and 2.
Referring to Figure 1, an outlet 1 for a low-temperature fluid is formed at one end o a tube 4. An outlet 2 for a high-temperature fluid is formed at the other end of the tube 4. One or more nozzles 3, one shown in Figure 1, are formed near the outlet 1 for the low-temperature fluid. The nozzle 3 is arranged tangentially on the circular section of tube 4 and communicates with the interior of the tube 4. When a high-pressure fluid is fed into the nozzle 3 by a means not shown, it swirls as indicated by arrows within the tube 4, owing to the structure inside the tube 4, also not shown. As a result of this swirling action, fluid at a temperature which is lower than the temperature of the fluid fed into the nozzle 3, flows out the outlet 1 to form the low-temperature fluid, whereas fluid at a temperature higher than the temperature of the fluid fed into the nozzle 3 flows out from the outlet 2 to form the high-temperature fluid. This effect is called the "vortex effect".
Figure 2 shows the temperature variations caused by the vortex tube. In the figure, letter A denotes a characteristic variation of the temperature of the high-temperature outflow steam which flows from outlet 2, and letter B denotes a characteristic variation of the temperature of the low-temperature outflow steam which flows from the outlet 1. The ordinate represents ~T, the magnitude of temperature variation with respect to the temperature of the inflow steam fed from the nozzle 3-.
' , - .
.
.. . .
~ 15~65~
,~
The abscissa represents the ratio q/Q where q is the quantity of fluid flowing out of outlet 2 and Q is the quantity of fluid flowing in at inlet 3. By way of example, in the case where the quantity q is 50 % of the quantity Q, the temperature A of the high-temperature outflow steam is about 30C higher than the temperature of the inflow steam, and the temperature B of the low-temperature outflow steam is about 40C lower.
An embodiment of this invention will now be described with reference to Figure 3. Steam discharged from a boiler 301 is fed through a stop valve 313 and a steam header 309 and is introduced into a vortex tube 315 at a nozzle 318 which corresponds to the nozzle 3 in Figure 1.
The steam flows out from a high-temperature steam outlet 317, which corresponds to the outlet 2 in Figure 1, and a low-temperature steam outlet 316, corresponding to the outlet 1 in Figure 1. The high-temperature steam from outlet 317 is supplied to gland seal portions 324 and 324' of a turbine 303 through a stop valve 320 and a gland seal steam adjuster 311. The low-temperature steam from outlet 316 is supplied through a stop valve 322 to a discharge regulator valve 319 where its discharge or flow rate is regulated, and enters a steam condenser 304 to cool the interior thereof along with another cooling means 325. In addition, steam from the boiler 301 is fed to the turbine 303 via a main steam pipe 302 and is thereafter delivered to the steam condenser 304. The steam supplied to the gland seal portions 324 and 324' is delivered to a condenser 306. Water in the condenser 304 is drawn out by means of a condensing pump 305, and is supplied through the gland seal steam-condenser 306 to a deaerator 307 where mixed gases etc. are removed therefrom. The water is then fed into the boiler 301 by means of a feed pump 308. In the above construction, the high-temperature steam outlet 317 is connected to the inlet of the discharge regulator valve 319 through a stop valve 321 ., ~.
. .
., . , ;
~ ~Sg6S9 besides being connected to the gland seal steam adjuster 311 through the stop valve 320. The low-temperature steam outlet 316 is similarly connected to the inlet of the adjuster 311 through a stop valve 323 besides being connected to the regulator valve 319 through the stop valve 322. The discharge regulator valve 319 is connected to the condenser 304.
The operation of this embodiment is as follows. In starting the turbine, in the case where steam at a temperature higher than that of the steam in the header 309 needs to be supplied to the gland seal portion 324, the steam flows from the header 309 through the nozzle 318 into the vortex tube 315. Its temperature is raised in the vortex tube and it exits from the high-temperature lS steam outlet 317. It is then supplied through the stop valve 320 and pressure adjuster 311, to a gland seal steam header 312 and into the gland seal portions 324 and 324'.
At this time, the stop valve 321 is closed. As illustrated in Figure 2, the value of the temperature rise in the vortex tube 315 varies depending upon the quantity of the inflow steam and the quantity of the high-temperature steam. When using high-temperature steam, the temperature rise value is adjusted by regulating the quantity of the low-temperature steam by opening or closing the discharge regulator valve 319. At this time, the stop valve 323 is closed.
In the case where steam at a temperature lower than that of the steam in the header needs to be supplied to the gland seal portion, the steam from the low-temperature steam outlet 316 is supplied to the gland seal portion through the adjuster 311 by opening the stop valve 323.
At this time, the stop valve 322 is closed.
The high-temperature steam is caused to flow into the regulator valve 319 by closing the stop valve 320 and opening the stop valve 321, to regulate the value of the temperature fall of the low-temperature steam.
,, , ;
' '' ' ' , ' ' . ' :
1 ~9659 Table l lists the values of the optimum temperatures of the gland seal steam in the hot mode and cold mode of the turbine.
_ . _ . .. ...
Starting mode Optimum Temperature of gland seal steam Highest 370C
Hot Lowest 295C
. . _ ___ Highest 260C
Cold . __ . Lowest __ 150C __ _ By way of example, suppose that the temperature of the steam flowing into the nozzle is 230C. In the case of supplying gland seal steam at 300C to the gland seal portion in the hot mode, the flow rate is adjusted so that the quantity q becomes 20 % with respect to the quantity Q. A 70C temperature rise A, the required temperature rise, results when q/Q = 20 % as is shown by Figure 2.
Supposing that the steam temperature in the header 309 is 270C, in the hot mode. The high-temperature steam of the vortex tube 315 is used, and q/Q = 50 % is adjusted.
The steam temperature then rises 30C as indicated in Figure 2, and the optimum temperature of 300C is established. On the other hand, in the cold mode, low-temperature steam at 60 % of the inflow steam isutilized. This takes place as is apparent from Figure 2, when high-temperature steam is taken out at 40 % and is caused to flow to the condenser 304 via the regulator valve 319~ The steam temperature then falls ~0C to the optimum temperature of 230C~
The steam having undergone the temperature change by the vortex tube as described above is supplied in compliance with the temperature state of the gland seal portion of the turbine, whereby the leakage of the fluid - : :
':
1 ~59659 within the turbine can be prevented and the occurrence of any excess thermal stress in the gland seal portion is prevented. Further, by employing the vortex tube which is comparatively inexpensive, it is possible to provide an inexpensive apparatus for supplying steam to the gland seal of a turbine.
While, in the embodiment, the case of using only one vortex tube and coupling it in series with the steam header etc. has been described, a plurality of vortex tubes can be used, and the vortex tubes can be coupled in parallel.
,
Claims (3)
1. An apparatus for supplying steam to a gland seal of a turbine comprising gland seal portions which seal a fluid inside the turbine, supplying means to supply the sealing fluid to said gland seal portions, coupling means to couple said supplying means and said gland seal portions, temperature and adjusting means arranged in said coupling means to adjust the temperature of said sealing fluid, and flow rate adjusting means to adjust the flow rate of the sealing fluid to be discharged from the temperature adjusting means;
wherein said means for coupling between said temperature adjusting means and said gland seal portions comprises pressure adjusting means to adjust the pressure of the sealing fluid to be supplied to said gland seal portions; and wherein said temperature adjusting means comprises an inlet into which the sealing fluid is introduced at a predetermined temperature and first and second outlets out of which the sealing fluids are respectively provided at temperatures different from said predetermined temperature, in different directions, and wherein said sealing fluid to be supplied is provided from either of said first or second outlets.
wherein said means for coupling between said temperature adjusting means and said gland seal portions comprises pressure adjusting means to adjust the pressure of the sealing fluid to be supplied to said gland seal portions; and wherein said temperature adjusting means comprises an inlet into which the sealing fluid is introduced at a predetermined temperature and first and second outlets out of which the sealing fluids are respectively provided at temperatures different from said predetermined temperature, in different directions, and wherein said sealing fluid to be supplied is provided from either of said first or second outlets.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said inlet is coupled with said supplying means, said first outlet is coupled with said flow rate adjusting means through first valve means and also coupled with said pressure adjusting means through second valve means, and said second outlet is coupled with said pressure adjusting means through third valve means and also coupled with said flow rate adjusting means through fourth valve means.
3. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2 wherein said means to supply said sealing fluid includes a steam generator and/or steam header, and said temperature adjusting means is constructed as a vortex tube.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP34081/1980 | 1980-03-19 | ||
| JP3509580U JPS6123602Y2 (en) | 1980-03-19 | 1980-03-19 | |
| JP3408180A JPS56132406A (en) | 1980-03-19 | 1980-03-19 | Device for supplying steam to peripheral part of turbine |
| JP35095/1980 | 1980-03-19 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1159659A true CA1159659A (en) | 1984-01-03 |
Family
ID=26372881
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000372832A Expired CA1159659A (en) | 1980-03-19 | 1981-03-12 | Apparatus for supplying steam to gland seal of turbine |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU543820B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1159659A (en) |
-
1981
- 1981-03-12 CA CA000372832A patent/CA1159659A/en not_active Expired
- 1981-03-17 AU AU68445/81A patent/AU543820B2/en not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU6844581A (en) | 1981-09-24 |
| AU543820B2 (en) | 1985-05-02 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |