CA1153209A - Method for the addition of metallic alloying agents to a bath of molten aluminium, the said alloying agents, and also the aluminium alloy obtained - Google Patents
Method for the addition of metallic alloying agents to a bath of molten aluminium, the said alloying agents, and also the aluminium alloy obtainedInfo
- Publication number
- CA1153209A CA1153209A CA000356362A CA356362A CA1153209A CA 1153209 A CA1153209 A CA 1153209A CA 000356362 A CA000356362 A CA 000356362A CA 356362 A CA356362 A CA 356362A CA 1153209 A CA1153209 A CA 1153209A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- aluminium
- alloying
- bath
- alloy
- ferro
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A method of alloying aluminum with an alloying element adds an alloying agent to a bath of molten aluminium. The alloying agent includes a master alloy, and the master alloy is formed from a ferro-alloy of the alloying element and at least 25% of aluminium. The master alloy may be formed in powder form and blown into the bath.
A method of alloying aluminum with an alloying element adds an alloying agent to a bath of molten aluminium. The alloying agent includes a master alloy, and the master alloy is formed from a ferro-alloy of the alloying element and at least 25% of aluminium. The master alloy may be formed in powder form and blown into the bath.
Description
. ~s3~at9 AI, 30 BAC~GP.O~iD 0~ TH~ TIO~
-1. ~IELD OF THE I~V~T~ION
~ he present invention relates to a method for the addition of metallic alloying a~ents to a bath of molten aluminium. The present invention also relates to the alloying a~ents employed and to the aluminium alloy produced.
-1. ~IELD OF THE I~V~T~ION
~ he present invention relates to a method for the addition of metallic alloying a~ents to a bath of molten aluminium. The present invention also relates to the alloying a~ents employed and to the aluminium alloy produced.
2. DESCRIP~IO~T 0~ ~H~ PRIOR ART
It is kno~n to add various elements as ~0 an alloy to aluminium in order to make it more suitable for various operations, e.g. casting, kneading or rollin~, for various applications such as building material or covering material for household use. For example, man~anese, chromium, iron, boron, titanium and silicon have been used. ~hese elements are usually added as pure metal to the aluminium bath, or alternatively as a master alloy with aluminium.
~or special applications, for example for ~rain refinement, master alloys of aluminium with a combination of titanium and boron may be used.
When alloying with these alloyin6 a~ents, it is important that they dissolve su~ficiently rapidly. For example, chromium dissol~es insufficiently .
.
. . .
.
.
..
~ ~33 rapidlJ at a hi,h temperature. For this reason, the master alloys of the pure metals with aluminium are frequently used. I~a~ganese dissolves too slowly at temperatures up to 750C. At higher temperatures, for example 850 to 900C, which occur in transport ladles conveyin~ electrolytic metal to the foundry, manganese dissolves sufficiently rapidly.
Xitherto it has been conventional to produce master alloys by adding pure alloyin~ metal to liquid aluminium, which has been heated to a high temperature. hlso pure alloying metals have been used for direct alloying. This involves considerable costs~
In the book "The Metallurgy of Aluminium and Aluminium Alloys" by Robert J. Anderson, published by Henry Carey Baird & Co. in New York in 1925 the use of a manganese-aluminium alloy as a master alloy is discussed on pages 370 to 373.
On page 371 Anderson discusses the use of a ferro-man~anese-aluminium alloy with a aluminium concentration of 20/o, but Anderson states that the presence of iron is normally re~arded as ob~ectionable.
~he reason for this now appears to be that ferro-alloys, such as the ferro-man~anese alloy discussed by Anderson, often contain sulphur, phosphorus or 32~g carbon. It seems hitherto to have been presumed that, since these elements are capable of dissolving in the aluminium, undesirable compounds may be formed.
It has also been thought that master alloys which contain ferro alloys would dissolve too slowly, certainly more slo~rly than the alloyed elements themselves.
SU~A2Y OF THE I~rV~IO;~
It has now been found that, despite the prejudices of those skilled in the art against the use of master alloys containing ferro-alloys, the use of such master alloys ~nth an aluminiu~
concentration of at least 25% provides satisfactory results. ~he invention as claimed also has the advantage that the use of ferro alloys instead of pure metal in the master alloy reduces the cost of production of the desired aluminium alloy. This is particularly significant when alloying occurs at a relatively low temperature (e.g. 700 to 750C).
It has also been found that the use of an aluminium ferro-alloy as the master alloy does not cau9e undesirable compounds to be formed to any si6nificant de~ree in the aluminium. With modern metal treatment techniques~ removal of phosphorus, sulp~hur or carbon from the iron is relati~ely simple.
., .
: . . . . . - :
: . . . .. -, - . . . ..
:, , - .. . . . , , ... :
-. . . .. ~ - . " ~ , .
~
.. . . .
3Z~:39 ~or ex~Qple, phosphorus may be removed in the form oE a carbide or a sulphide. Also, it has been found that, even when these elements are present, they are frequently not taXen up in the molten bath.
The difficulty of the relative slow rate of solution of ferro-alloys has been found to be relatively unimportant. Alternatively, the problem may be overcome completely by alloying at a tem~erature which is not too low, for example a temperature of 90~C. ~his can be achieved directly after tapping of the aluminium bath which is obtained by reduction in electrolytic cells, by alloying the aluminium in the transport ladles by which the bath is conveyed to holdin~ furnaces.
It is also preferable that the ferro alloy, or the master alloy thereof with aluminium, is converted into powder form prior to feeding it into ; the bath. This has the advanta~e that solubility is thereb~ increased, but care must be taken to ensure that such particles do not remain lyin~ on the bath in conseguence of the hi~h sur~ace tension or of the presence of an oxide film on the bath and/or ~about the particles. In order to prevent this, it is possible to blow the powder form alloying agent into the bath in a manner known per se. ~he powder may . :
, be blo~m under the ~ath surface ~Jith the aid of a lance and with air or nitrogen as an activating medium.
Another possibility is that the powder-form alloying agent is provided, in a manner known se, the form of pellets which lose their cohesion at the smeIting temperature. It is kno~m to convert alloyin~ elements to such pellet form.
In particular, this is a technique well-known for the dosin~ o mansanese into the bath. Howe~er, this known technique has not previously been applied to the dosing of ferro alloys and/or of master alloys of ferro alloys with aluminium.
Methods for increasin~ the solu~ilit~
of, for exa~ple, ma~ganese in aluminium, by providin~ the particles to be added to the aluminium with a skin from a salt mixture which decreases the surface tension are known. ~uch methods may be used with the ferro-alloys proposed herein.
~he present invention also relates to an alloyin~ agent for aluminium itself. ~he ~g~nt consists at least partially of a master alloy of a ferro alloy of one or more desired alloying elements with aluminium, the aluminium in the master alloy ha~ing a concentration of at least 25,b.
~ , "
. j ~ .
.
. .
. - . .` . ' ~ :
.... . ~
~ . .
.: ., ' ., . ~. ' .:
It is kno~n to add various elements as ~0 an alloy to aluminium in order to make it more suitable for various operations, e.g. casting, kneading or rollin~, for various applications such as building material or covering material for household use. For example, man~anese, chromium, iron, boron, titanium and silicon have been used. ~hese elements are usually added as pure metal to the aluminium bath, or alternatively as a master alloy with aluminium.
~or special applications, for example for ~rain refinement, master alloys of aluminium with a combination of titanium and boron may be used.
When alloying with these alloyin6 a~ents, it is important that they dissolve su~ficiently rapidly. For example, chromium dissol~es insufficiently .
.
. . .
.
.
..
~ ~33 rapidlJ at a hi,h temperature. For this reason, the master alloys of the pure metals with aluminium are frequently used. I~a~ganese dissolves too slowly at temperatures up to 750C. At higher temperatures, for example 850 to 900C, which occur in transport ladles conveyin~ electrolytic metal to the foundry, manganese dissolves sufficiently rapidly.
Xitherto it has been conventional to produce master alloys by adding pure alloyin~ metal to liquid aluminium, which has been heated to a high temperature. hlso pure alloying metals have been used for direct alloying. This involves considerable costs~
In the book "The Metallurgy of Aluminium and Aluminium Alloys" by Robert J. Anderson, published by Henry Carey Baird & Co. in New York in 1925 the use of a manganese-aluminium alloy as a master alloy is discussed on pages 370 to 373.
On page 371 Anderson discusses the use of a ferro-man~anese-aluminium alloy with a aluminium concentration of 20/o, but Anderson states that the presence of iron is normally re~arded as ob~ectionable.
~he reason for this now appears to be that ferro-alloys, such as the ferro-man~anese alloy discussed by Anderson, often contain sulphur, phosphorus or 32~g carbon. It seems hitherto to have been presumed that, since these elements are capable of dissolving in the aluminium, undesirable compounds may be formed.
It has also been thought that master alloys which contain ferro alloys would dissolve too slowly, certainly more slo~rly than the alloyed elements themselves.
SU~A2Y OF THE I~rV~IO;~
It has now been found that, despite the prejudices of those skilled in the art against the use of master alloys containing ferro-alloys, the use of such master alloys ~nth an aluminiu~
concentration of at least 25% provides satisfactory results. ~he invention as claimed also has the advantage that the use of ferro alloys instead of pure metal in the master alloy reduces the cost of production of the desired aluminium alloy. This is particularly significant when alloying occurs at a relatively low temperature (e.g. 700 to 750C).
It has also been found that the use of an aluminium ferro-alloy as the master alloy does not cau9e undesirable compounds to be formed to any si6nificant de~ree in the aluminium. With modern metal treatment techniques~ removal of phosphorus, sulp~hur or carbon from the iron is relati~ely simple.
., .
: . . . . . - :
: . . . .. -, - . . . ..
:, , - .. . . . , , ... :
-. . . .. ~ - . " ~ , .
~
.. . . .
3Z~:39 ~or ex~Qple, phosphorus may be removed in the form oE a carbide or a sulphide. Also, it has been found that, even when these elements are present, they are frequently not taXen up in the molten bath.
The difficulty of the relative slow rate of solution of ferro-alloys has been found to be relatively unimportant. Alternatively, the problem may be overcome completely by alloying at a tem~erature which is not too low, for example a temperature of 90~C. ~his can be achieved directly after tapping of the aluminium bath which is obtained by reduction in electrolytic cells, by alloying the aluminium in the transport ladles by which the bath is conveyed to holdin~ furnaces.
It is also preferable that the ferro alloy, or the master alloy thereof with aluminium, is converted into powder form prior to feeding it into ; the bath. This has the advanta~e that solubility is thereb~ increased, but care must be taken to ensure that such particles do not remain lyin~ on the bath in conseguence of the hi~h sur~ace tension or of the presence of an oxide film on the bath and/or ~about the particles. In order to prevent this, it is possible to blow the powder form alloying agent into the bath in a manner known per se. ~he powder may . :
, be blo~m under the ~ath surface ~Jith the aid of a lance and with air or nitrogen as an activating medium.
Another possibility is that the powder-form alloying agent is provided, in a manner known se, the form of pellets which lose their cohesion at the smeIting temperature. It is kno~m to convert alloyin~ elements to such pellet form.
In particular, this is a technique well-known for the dosin~ o mansanese into the bath. Howe~er, this known technique has not previously been applied to the dosing of ferro alloys and/or of master alloys of ferro alloys with aluminium.
Methods for increasin~ the solu~ilit~
of, for exa~ple, ma~ganese in aluminium, by providin~ the particles to be added to the aluminium with a skin from a salt mixture which decreases the surface tension are known. ~uch methods may be used with the ferro-alloys proposed herein.
~he present invention also relates to an alloyin~ agent for aluminium itself. ~he ~g~nt consists at least partially of a master alloy of a ferro alloy of one or more desired alloying elements with aluminium, the aluminium in the master alloy ha~ing a concentration of at least 25,b.
~ , "
. j ~ .
.
. .
. - . .` . ' ~ :
.... . ~
~ . .
.: ., ' ., . ~. ' .:
3~09 The invention also relates to an aluminium alloy obtained by means of one of the methods described hereinabove. It is thus an object of the present invention to provide a method for the addition of a metallic alloying element to a bath of molten aluminium, in which solution of the added element in the bath occur easily.
It is a second object of the present invention to provide an inexpensive way of producin~
an aluminium alloy.
DE~AI~ED DESCRIPTIO~ 0~ THE P~3FERRED E ~ODII~E~S
Table 1 shows, by way of example, four master alloys of aluminium with ferro alloys which may be used successfully in the refinement of aluminium.
~ABLE 1 Al11nSiFe Al30-85% Mn50-1o~ si20-4% ~e25_3o,0 AlFeSi~r 60-90,~ 15-3 % Si15-3% 15-3%
AlFeSi Al30_60% ~e20-1o~o si30-60C
¦ AlFeB Alao-95% ¦ Fe20-5 ~6 ~2-~% ¦
~he residue always less than 1~J
`
-, . ~ , `~ ` -, .:
- - : ' . ' ' . :
3~ 0 At first sight, it would seem to be possible to use ferro-alloys which are not pre-alloyed with aluminium and which correspond to the alloys indicated in the ~able with the omission of aluminium.
However, it has been found that the aluminium master alloys can be dosed more accurately and are absorbed more rapidly in the bath. It is possible to prepare these aluminium master alloys by adding the iron alloys to molten aluminium but alternatively a method is possible in which aluminium is supplied during the production of the iron alloy.
~ he possible savings in cost which may be achieved with the present invention are illustrated with reference to the followin6 Example.
~5 ~ ' ,. . .
.. . .
, . . , , - , ,. .. . .. . . . .
_ 8 --The alloying of 1 tonne of electrolytic metal (so-called E-metal~ to form alloy having 1% by weight of I~n (Al~1) can be set out as follo~rs:
Si ~e Mn composition of E-metal (% by weight) 0.04 0.12 0.002 residue Al composition of AlMn1 " 0.25 0.53 1.10 " "
to be added . " . 0.21 0.41 1.1 in kilos per tonne of melt2.1 4.1 11 ~ he costs in Dutch guilders (f) when employing pure metals are (approximately, at 17th July 1979 which was the date of filing of the priority application) 2.1 kg Si at f 2.70 per kgf 5.67
It is a second object of the present invention to provide an inexpensive way of producin~
an aluminium alloy.
DE~AI~ED DESCRIPTIO~ 0~ THE P~3FERRED E ~ODII~E~S
Table 1 shows, by way of example, four master alloys of aluminium with ferro alloys which may be used successfully in the refinement of aluminium.
~ABLE 1 Al11nSiFe Al30-85% Mn50-1o~ si20-4% ~e25_3o,0 AlFeSi~r 60-90,~ 15-3 % Si15-3% 15-3%
AlFeSi Al30_60% ~e20-1o~o si30-60C
¦ AlFeB Alao-95% ¦ Fe20-5 ~6 ~2-~% ¦
~he residue always less than 1~J
`
-, . ~ , `~ ` -, .:
- - : ' . ' ' . :
3~ 0 At first sight, it would seem to be possible to use ferro-alloys which are not pre-alloyed with aluminium and which correspond to the alloys indicated in the ~able with the omission of aluminium.
However, it has been found that the aluminium master alloys can be dosed more accurately and are absorbed more rapidly in the bath. It is possible to prepare these aluminium master alloys by adding the iron alloys to molten aluminium but alternatively a method is possible in which aluminium is supplied during the production of the iron alloy.
~ he possible savings in cost which may be achieved with the present invention are illustrated with reference to the followin6 Example.
~5 ~ ' ,. . .
.. . .
, . . , , - , ,. .. . .. . . . .
_ 8 --The alloying of 1 tonne of electrolytic metal (so-called E-metal~ to form alloy having 1% by weight of I~n (Al~1) can be set out as follo~rs:
Si ~e Mn composition of E-metal (% by weight) 0.04 0.12 0.002 residue Al composition of AlMn1 " 0.25 0.53 1.10 " "
to be added . " . 0.21 0.41 1.1 in kilos per tonne of melt2.1 4.1 11 ~ he costs in Dutch guilders (f) when employing pure metals are (approximately, at 17th July 1979 which was the date of filing of the priority application) 2.1 kg Si at f 2.70 per kgf 5.67
4.1 kg Fe at f O.G0 per kg2.46 11 k~ Mn at f 2.50 per kgZ7.50 total f 35.6~ per tonne of alloyed metal With the use of non-ferro-aluminium master alloys .
t~e costs increase considerably.
~he cost of using ferro-silico-manganese (Mn 70,h, Si 18%, ~e 8%) and ferro manganese (Mh 75%, ~e 20%) amount to:
11.7 k~ ferro-silico man~anese at f 1.10 f 12.97 ~: 3.7 k~ ferro-man~anese at f 0.80 2.96 kg of iron at f 0.60 1.80 F 17.7~ per tonne of alloyed material ~, .
_ 9 _ In the performance of this example, the ferro-silico-man~anese and the ferro-manga~ese were converted into master alloys by addition of Al to a final Al content in each master alloy of at least 25S~ ~hese master alloys and the extra ~e are then added in the desired proportions to the E~metal melt in which they dissolve quickly, to provide the desired content of AlMn1.
Althou~h these costs must be treated as rough, they nevertheless illustrate the significant cost advantage that can be achieved.
, ~ .
. .
. .
t~e costs increase considerably.
~he cost of using ferro-silico-manganese (Mn 70,h, Si 18%, ~e 8%) and ferro manganese (Mh 75%, ~e 20%) amount to:
11.7 k~ ferro-silico man~anese at f 1.10 f 12.97 ~: 3.7 k~ ferro-man~anese at f 0.80 2.96 kg of iron at f 0.60 1.80 F 17.7~ per tonne of alloyed material ~, .
_ 9 _ In the performance of this example, the ferro-silico-man~anese and the ferro-manga~ese were converted into master alloys by addition of Al to a final Al content in each master alloy of at least 25S~ ~hese master alloys and the extra ~e are then added in the desired proportions to the E~metal melt in which they dissolve quickly, to provide the desired content of AlMn1.
Althou~h these costs must be treated as rough, they nevertheless illustrate the significant cost advantage that can be achieved.
, ~ .
. .
. .
Claims (7)
OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. In a method of alloying aluminium with at least one alloying element and iron, comprising adding an alloying agent to a bath of molten aluminium, the alloying agent comprising a master alloy containing said at least one alloying element, the improve-ment that said master alloy comprises aluminium and at least one ferro-alloy of said at least one alloying element, the aluminium in said master alloy having a concentration of at least 25%.
2. A method according to Claim 1, wherein the concentration of aluminium in the master alloy is at least 30%.
3. A method according to Claim 1, wherein the bath is in a ladle and alloying is effected at a temperature of approximately 900°C.
4. A method according to Claim 1, wherein the alloying agent is in powder form when added to the bath.
5. A method according to Claim 4, wherein the alloying agent is blown into the bath.
6. A method according to Claim 4 or Claim 5, wherein the powder form alloy is added to the bath in the form of pellets which lose their cohesion at the bath temperature.
7. An alloying agent for alloying aluminium with at least one alloying element and iron, the alloying agent comprising a master alloy containing said at least one alloying element, the master alloy comprising aluminium in a concentration of at least 25%
and at least one ferro-alloy of said at least one alloying element.
and at least one ferro-alloy of said at least one alloying element.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL79.05547 | 1979-07-17 | ||
| NL7905547A NL7905547A (en) | 1979-07-17 | 1979-07-17 | METHOD FOR ADDING METALLIC ALLOYS TO A BATH OF MOLLED ALUMINUM, SUCH ALLOYS, AND ALUMINUM ALLOYED ALLOY. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1153209A true CA1153209A (en) | 1983-09-06 |
Family
ID=19833552
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000356362A Expired CA1153209A (en) | 1979-07-17 | 1980-07-16 | Method for the addition of metallic alloying agents to a bath of molten aluminium, the said alloying agents, and also the aluminium alloy obtained |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0022600B1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1153209A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3061066D1 (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7905547A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO152943C (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4711823A (en) * | 1984-11-12 | 1987-12-08 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | High strength structural member made of Al-alloy |
| US5405578A (en) * | 1991-03-07 | 1995-04-11 | Kb Alloys, Inc. | Method for preparing master alloy hardeners for use in preparing an aluminum alloy |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3788839A (en) * | 1972-02-28 | 1974-01-29 | Diamond Shamrock Corp | Method for incorporating metals into molten metal baths |
-
1979
- 1979-07-17 NL NL7905547A patent/NL7905547A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1980
- 1980-07-09 EP EP80200670A patent/EP0022600B1/en not_active Expired
- 1980-07-09 DE DE8080200670T patent/DE3061066D1/en not_active Expired
- 1980-07-16 NO NO802133A patent/NO152943C/en unknown
- 1980-07-16 CA CA000356362A patent/CA1153209A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4711823A (en) * | 1984-11-12 | 1987-12-08 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | High strength structural member made of Al-alloy |
| US5405578A (en) * | 1991-03-07 | 1995-04-11 | Kb Alloys, Inc. | Method for preparing master alloy hardeners for use in preparing an aluminum alloy |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0022600B1 (en) | 1982-11-10 |
| DE3061066D1 (en) | 1982-12-16 |
| NO802133L (en) | 1981-01-19 |
| NO152943C (en) | 1985-12-18 |
| NL7905547A (en) | 1981-01-20 |
| NO152943B (en) | 1985-09-09 |
| EP0022600A1 (en) | 1981-01-21 |
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