CA1129512A - Self heating article with fabric electrodes - Google Patents
Self heating article with fabric electrodesInfo
- Publication number
- CA1129512A CA1129512A CA307,963A CA307963A CA1129512A CA 1129512 A CA1129512 A CA 1129512A CA 307963 A CA307963 A CA 307963A CA 1129512 A CA1129512 A CA 1129512A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- article
- heat
- electrodes
- recoverable
- apertures
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01C—RESISTORS
- H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
- H01C7/02—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having positive temperature coefficient
- H01C7/027—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having positive temperature coefficient consisting of conducting or semi-conducting material dispersed in a non-conductive organic material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C61/00—Shaping by liberation of internal stresses; Making preforms having internal stresses; Apparatus therefor
- B29C61/06—Making preforms having internal stresses, e.g. plastic memory
- B29C61/0608—Making preforms having internal stresses, e.g. plastic memory characterised by the configuration or structure of the preforms
- B29C61/0625—Preforms comprising incorporated or associated heating means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L47/00—Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics
- F16L47/20—Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics based principally on specific properties of plastics
- F16L47/22—Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics based principally on specific properties of plastics using shrink-down material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01C—RESISTORS
- H01C1/00—Details
- H01C1/14—Terminals or tapping points or electrodes specially adapted for resistors; Arrangements of terminals or tapping points or electrodes on resistors
- H01C1/1406—Terminals or electrodes formed on resistive elements having positive temperature coefficient
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
- H02G15/00—Cable fittings
- H02G15/08—Cable junctions
- H02G15/18—Cable junctions protected by sleeves, e.g. for communication cable
- H02G15/1806—Heat shrinkable sleeves
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
- B29K2995/0003—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
- B29K2995/0005—Conductive
Abstract
Abstract of the Disclosure The invention relates to articles which comprise a hest-recoverable member composed of a conductive polymer composition and which are caused to recover by passing electric current through the member to cause resistive heating thereof. The invention resides in providing such an article with a novel type of electrode, namely a metallic sheet containing apertures which allow the sheet to recover with the heat-recoverable member. Articles in the form of tape are particularly useful for covering electrical cables, including telephone cables.
Description
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This invention relates to heat recoverable articles, particularly self heating, heat recoverable articles.
Our copending Canadian patent application Serial No.
258,297 filed August 3, 1976 describes articles comprising electrically resistive heat recoverable material and a pliable fabric electrode in contact with such material.
Our copending Canadian patent application Serial No.
267,269 filed December 7, 1976 describes a heating element com-prising laminar flexible electrodes, e.g. o~ metal, and an electrically resistive polymeric layer between the electrodes, the heating element having a plurality of apertures through the thickness thereof to render it readily deformable; the heating ;
element is not itself heat recoverable but can be secured to a -~
heat recoverable article to effect recovery thereof.
The present invention provides a heat-recoverable article which comprises: a heat-recoverable member which com-prises an organic polymer having sufficient finely divided electrically conductive particles dispersed therein to render the member conductive; and at least two electrodes which are ~-secured to and in contact with said member and which when con-nected to a source of electrical power cause current to flow through said member, at least one of said electrodes being a ~`
deformable electrode which is a metallic laminar member having -a plurality of apertures therein, the apertures being of elongate closed cross-section and overlapping one another, the laminar member being such that when at least one of its dimensions is ~ ;
changed, the shape of th~ apertures is changed, the portion of ;
the member defining the perimeter of each aperture after defor-mation being the same portion that defined the perimeter of that aperture before deformation.
There is also provided a process for covering a sub-strate by placing adjacent thereto an article as described in ~;
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--the immediately preceding paragraph and connecting its electrodes to a source of electrical power whereby the article is caused to recover.
The deformable electrode is preferably composed of a metal of good ductility~ e.g. aluminum, which is preferred, copper or lead. The thickness of the metal and the apertures should be such that the electrode provides the desired current- ;
carrying capacity. Typically the electrode will be 3 to 10 ~
mils (0.0075 to 0.025 cm.) thick. The apertures may be, for j-example, diamond-shaped, e.g. with a major dimension of 0.2 to 0.5 inch (0.5 to 1.2 cm.) and a minor dimension of 0.07 to 0.15 ~
inch (0.18 to 0.4 cm.) prior to expansion, or hexagonal. The ~ ~-width of the metal between the apertures will generally be at least 0.01 inch (0.025 cm.), e.g. 0.01 to 0.04 inch (e.g. 0.025 to 0.1 cm.), at the narrowest point. The electrode is preferably -prepared by perforating a metal sheet, e.g. by piercing, which ~ ,;
is preferred, or stamping. CQmmercially available expanded metal sheets provide suitable electrodes, especially if they are rolled after they have been pierced in order to flatten them. Alter-natively a plurality of metal wires can be welded or otherwise ~
secured together. ~`
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Preferably all the electrodes in the article are de- ` `
: - :
formable metallic laminar electrodes, as defined, but other types of electrode can be present, including non-deformable ~ -electrodes, whose presence induces differential recovery.
Preferred articles comprise a said conductive polymer member which is a heat-shrinkable sheet sandwiched between two or more deformable metallic laminar electrodes as defined, which electrodes preferably have substantially the same planar dimen-sions as the heat-shrinkable sheet. ~
Preferably at least part of the heat recoverable - v member exhibits PTC behaviour so that when the article is
This invention relates to heat recoverable articles, particularly self heating, heat recoverable articles.
Our copending Canadian patent application Serial No.
258,297 filed August 3, 1976 describes articles comprising electrically resistive heat recoverable material and a pliable fabric electrode in contact with such material.
Our copending Canadian patent application Serial No.
267,269 filed December 7, 1976 describes a heating element com-prising laminar flexible electrodes, e.g. o~ metal, and an electrically resistive polymeric layer between the electrodes, the heating element having a plurality of apertures through the thickness thereof to render it readily deformable; the heating ;
element is not itself heat recoverable but can be secured to a -~
heat recoverable article to effect recovery thereof.
The present invention provides a heat-recoverable article which comprises: a heat-recoverable member which com-prises an organic polymer having sufficient finely divided electrically conductive particles dispersed therein to render the member conductive; and at least two electrodes which are ~-secured to and in contact with said member and which when con-nected to a source of electrical power cause current to flow through said member, at least one of said electrodes being a ~`
deformable electrode which is a metallic laminar member having -a plurality of apertures therein, the apertures being of elongate closed cross-section and overlapping one another, the laminar member being such that when at least one of its dimensions is ~ ;
changed, the shape of th~ apertures is changed, the portion of ;
the member defining the perimeter of each aperture after defor-mation being the same portion that defined the perimeter of that aperture before deformation.
There is also provided a process for covering a sub-strate by placing adjacent thereto an article as described in ~;
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11 ,? 9 rl "
--the immediately preceding paragraph and connecting its electrodes to a source of electrical power whereby the article is caused to recover.
The deformable electrode is preferably composed of a metal of good ductility~ e.g. aluminum, which is preferred, copper or lead. The thickness of the metal and the apertures should be such that the electrode provides the desired current- ;
carrying capacity. Typically the electrode will be 3 to 10 ~
mils (0.0075 to 0.025 cm.) thick. The apertures may be, for j-example, diamond-shaped, e.g. with a major dimension of 0.2 to 0.5 inch (0.5 to 1.2 cm.) and a minor dimension of 0.07 to 0.15 ~
inch (0.18 to 0.4 cm.) prior to expansion, or hexagonal. The ~ ~-width of the metal between the apertures will generally be at least 0.01 inch (0.025 cm.), e.g. 0.01 to 0.04 inch (e.g. 0.025 to 0.1 cm.), at the narrowest point. The electrode is preferably -prepared by perforating a metal sheet, e.g. by piercing, which ~ ,;
is preferred, or stamping. CQmmercially available expanded metal sheets provide suitable electrodes, especially if they are rolled after they have been pierced in order to flatten them. Alter-natively a plurality of metal wires can be welded or otherwise ~
secured together. ~`
::.
Preferably all the electrodes in the article are de- ` `
: - :
formable metallic laminar electrodes, as defined, but other types of electrode can be present, including non-deformable ~ -electrodes, whose presence induces differential recovery.
Preferred articles comprise a said conductive polymer member which is a heat-shrinkable sheet sandwiched between two or more deformable metallic laminar electrodes as defined, which electrodes preferably have substantially the same planar dimen-sions as the heat-shrinkable sheet. ~
Preferably at least part of the heat recoverable - v member exhibits PTC behaviour so that when the article is
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connected to a source of power, current is substantially -~
prevented from flowing through the member at a predetermined switching temperature which is sufficiently high to cause recovery of the member, and preferably not more than 25C, especially not more than 15C, above the recovery temperature.
When using the article, it is not of course necessary that the article be heated to a temperature such that no effective ;
current flows through the PTC layer, but only that the article - be heated to its recovery temperature. However, the presence of the PTC layer provides a safeguard against excessive heating. s In one embodiment, the heat-recoverable member comprises a layer exhibiting PTC behaviour which is sandwiched between two layers each-of which exhibits constant wattage behaviour at temperatures below the switching temperature of said PTC layer and has at least one said deformable electrode in contact therewith.
Preferably the deformable electrode is entirely surrounded by said constant wattage layer or by said constant wattage layer and said PTC layer.
For additional details of heat-recoverable members -suitable for use in this invention, rèference may be made to abovementioned Canadian patent application Serial No. 258,297. `~ -The articles of the invention can readily be made by known methods in which the metallic laminar electrode is secured to the heat-recoverable member preferably before the article is rendered heat-recoverable.
The articles of the invention will normally comprise an outer insulating jacket. Especially when the article is in the form of a sheet (including tape), the insulating jacket is preferably one which will adhere to itself on heating the article to its recovery temperature, so that when the sheet is wrapped around a substrate, auto-adhesion of overlapping parts of the sheet will take place on heating. ;
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connected to a source of power, current is substantially -~
prevented from flowing through the member at a predetermined switching temperature which is sufficiently high to cause recovery of the member, and preferably not more than 25C, especially not more than 15C, above the recovery temperature.
When using the article, it is not of course necessary that the article be heated to a temperature such that no effective ;
current flows through the PTC layer, but only that the article - be heated to its recovery temperature. However, the presence of the PTC layer provides a safeguard against excessive heating. s In one embodiment, the heat-recoverable member comprises a layer exhibiting PTC behaviour which is sandwiched between two layers each-of which exhibits constant wattage behaviour at temperatures below the switching temperature of said PTC layer and has at least one said deformable electrode in contact therewith.
Preferably the deformable electrode is entirely surrounded by said constant wattage layer or by said constant wattage layer and said PTC layer.
For additional details of heat-recoverable members -suitable for use in this invention, rèference may be made to abovementioned Canadian patent application Serial No. 258,297. `~ -The articles of the invention can readily be made by known methods in which the metallic laminar electrode is secured to the heat-recoverable member preferably before the article is rendered heat-recoverable.
The articles of the invention will normally comprise an outer insulating jacket. Especially when the article is in the form of a sheet (including tape), the insulating jacket is preferably one which will adhere to itself on heating the article to its recovery temperature, so that when the sheet is wrapped around a substrate, auto-adhesion of overlapping parts of the sheet will take place on heating. ;
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_ The invention is illustrated by the following Example, in which percentages are by weight.
Example A PTC composition having a switching temperature of about 132C was prepared by blending 37-~ of carbon black, 57% `-of high density polyethylene, 5% of an ethylene-propylene rubber and 1% of an antioxidant. A constant wattage (CW) composition ~;
was prepared by blending 82% of an ethylene/ethyl acrylate co-polymer, 17% of a carbon black and 1% of an antioxidant. An insulating composition was prepared by blending 76% of an ~ ;~
ethylene/ethyl acrylate co-, '.' :
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polymer, 15% of talc, 8% of pigment and 1% Of an antioxidant. Using these com-positions and an aluminum electrode, a laminated article having the following layers was prepared Thickness 1. ` Insulating composition 20 mils ~0.05 cm) 2. CW composition10 mils (0.025 cm) 3. Electrode 5 mils ~0.013 cm)
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_ The invention is illustrated by the following Example, in which percentages are by weight.
Example A PTC composition having a switching temperature of about 132C was prepared by blending 37-~ of carbon black, 57% `-of high density polyethylene, 5% of an ethylene-propylene rubber and 1% of an antioxidant. A constant wattage (CW) composition ~;
was prepared by blending 82% of an ethylene/ethyl acrylate co-polymer, 17% of a carbon black and 1% of an antioxidant. An insulating composition was prepared by blending 76% of an ~ ;~
ethylene/ethyl acrylate co-, '.' :
~ :.',.` , .. .. .
. ' ,.: :
-.
.~, , '"
-3a-, ' :
polymer, 15% of talc, 8% of pigment and 1% Of an antioxidant. Using these com-positions and an aluminum electrode, a laminated article having the following layers was prepared Thickness 1. ` Insulating composition 20 mils ~0.05 cm) 2. CW composition10 mils (0.025 cm) 3. Electrode 5 mils ~0.013 cm)
4. CW composition10 mils (0.025 cm)
5. PTC composition20 mils ~0.05 cm) -
6. CW composition10 mils ~0.025 cm)
7. Electrode 5 mils ~0.013 cm)
8. CW composit1on10 mils ~0.025 cm) ;
9. Insulating composition 20 mils t0.05 cm) ` ~-The electrode material was a commercially available expanded aluminum sheet which had been flattened by rolling. It was 5 mil ~0.013 cm.) thick, with diamond-shaped apertures of major dimension 400 mil ~1 cm.) and minor dimen- --sion 100 mil ~0.25 cm.) and a bar width between the apertures Of ? mil ~0.05 -`
cm.). Transverse strips of a high-melting polyester tape were placed either side of the electrodes at intervals, so that in subsequent use of the article ~2Q the tape could he separated from the electrode to provide an exposed port1on thereof for connection to a source of electrical supply. -The laminate was irradiated to a dosage of 10 Mrad to cross-link the po~ymeric layers. It was then heated, expanded 2 X in the longitudinal direction, and cooled in the expanded state to render it heat-shrinkable.
The laminate was slit to provide a tape 4 inch ~10 cm.) wide.
The heat-shrinkable tape was used to seal the junction between a ;~
lead sleeve and a cable having a polyolefin insulating jacket. The junction was wrapped with a tape of hot-melt adhesive. The adhesive tape was then wrapped with the heat-shrinkable tape. The electrodes of the heat-shrinkable tape were connected to a 12 volt DC power supply. After about 8 minutes, ~;
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during which time the tape reached a temperature of about 120C, the tape had shrunk down, melting the adhesive, and bonding to the cable jacket and to itself.
The invention is illustrated by the accompanying drawing !~
of which the single figure is an isometric view of a portion of a planar laminated article of the following construction:
A PCT composition as described in the Example is formed into a flat sheet 1, and flattened expanded aluminum sheets 2 and 3 of the construction described in the Example are laminated to each major surface. The sheet may be rendered heat-recoverable by the method described in ~e Exe~ple.
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cm.). Transverse strips of a high-melting polyester tape were placed either side of the electrodes at intervals, so that in subsequent use of the article ~2Q the tape could he separated from the electrode to provide an exposed port1on thereof for connection to a source of electrical supply. -The laminate was irradiated to a dosage of 10 Mrad to cross-link the po~ymeric layers. It was then heated, expanded 2 X in the longitudinal direction, and cooled in the expanded state to render it heat-shrinkable.
The laminate was slit to provide a tape 4 inch ~10 cm.) wide.
The heat-shrinkable tape was used to seal the junction between a ;~
lead sleeve and a cable having a polyolefin insulating jacket. The junction was wrapped with a tape of hot-melt adhesive. The adhesive tape was then wrapped with the heat-shrinkable tape. The electrodes of the heat-shrinkable tape were connected to a 12 volt DC power supply. After about 8 minutes, ~;
',: '~' ~ :' -, ' ` ~. '', ~, ',!, , r ,.. . .. . .
during which time the tape reached a temperature of about 120C, the tape had shrunk down, melting the adhesive, and bonding to the cable jacket and to itself.
The invention is illustrated by the accompanying drawing !~
of which the single figure is an isometric view of a portion of a planar laminated article of the following construction:
A PCT composition as described in the Example is formed into a flat sheet 1, and flattened expanded aluminum sheets 2 and 3 of the construction described in the Example are laminated to each major surface. The sheet may be rendered heat-recoverable by the method described in ~e Exe~ple.
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Claims (19)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A heat-recoverable article which comprises:
(a) a heat-recoverable member which comprises an organic polymer having sufficient finely divided electrically conductive particles dispersed therein to render the member conductive; and (b) at least two electrodes which are secured to and in contact with said member and which when connected to a source of electrical power cause current to flow through said member, at least one of said electrodes being a deformable electrode which is a metallic laminar member having a plurality of apertures therein, the apertures being of elongate closed cross-section and overlapping one another, the laminar member being such that when at least one of its dimensions is changed, the shape of the apertures is changed, the portion of the member defining the perimeter of each aperture after deformation being the same portion that defined the perimeter of that aperture before deformation.
(a) a heat-recoverable member which comprises an organic polymer having sufficient finely divided electrically conductive particles dispersed therein to render the member conductive; and (b) at least two electrodes which are secured to and in contact with said member and which when connected to a source of electrical power cause current to flow through said member, at least one of said electrodes being a deformable electrode which is a metallic laminar member having a plurality of apertures therein, the apertures being of elongate closed cross-section and overlapping one another, the laminar member being such that when at least one of its dimensions is changed, the shape of the apertures is changed, the portion of the member defining the perimeter of each aperture after deformation being the same portion that defined the perimeter of that aperture before deformation.
2. An article according to claim 1 which comprises at least two said deformable electrodes and a said member in the form of a heat-shrinkable sheet between said electrodes.
3. An article according to claim 2 wherein said deformable electrodes have substantially the same planar dimensions as the heat-shrinkable sheet.
4. An article according to claim 2 or 3 which is in the form of a heat-shrinkable tube.
5. An article according to claim 2 or 3 which is in the form of a tape.
6. An article according to claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein at least part of said heat-recoverable member exhibits PTC
behaviour so that current is substantially prevented from flow-ing through said member at a predetermined switching temperature which is 0 to 25°C higher than the recovery temperature of the member.
behaviour so that current is substantially prevented from flow-ing through said member at a predetermined switching temperature which is 0 to 25°C higher than the recovery temperature of the member.
7. An article according to any one of claims 1, 2 or 3 wherein said heat-recoverable member comprises a layer exhibiting PTC behaviour such that current is substantially prevented from flowing through said member at a predetermined switching temperature which is 0 to 25°C higher than the recovery temperature of the member and which is sandwiched between two layers each of which (a) exhibits constant wattage behaviour at temperatures below the switching temperature of said PTC layer and (b) has at least one said deformable elec-trode in contact therewith.
8. An article according to claim 2 which comprises an outer insulating jacket overlapping portions of which will adhere to each other when the article is heated to its recovery temperature.
9. An article according to any one of claims 1, 2 or 3 wherein the metallic laminar member comprises a plurality of metal wires secured together.
10. An article as claimed according to claim 1, wherein the metallic laminar member is a metallic sheet.
11. An article as claimed in claim 10, wherein the apertures in the sheet are formed by piercing.
12. An article as claimed in claim 11, wherein the sheet has been flattened by rolling after piercing.
13. A process for providing a substrate with a covering which comprises:
(1) placing adjacent to the substrate a heat-recoverable article which comprises:
(a) a heat-recoverable member which comprises an organic polymer having sufficient finely divided electrically conductive particles dispersed therein to render the member conductive, and (b) at least two electrodes which are secured to and in contact with said member and which when connected to a source of electrical power cause current to flow through said member, at least one of said electrodes being a deformable electrode which is a metallic laminar member having a plurality of aper-tures therein, the apertures being of elon-gate closed cross-section and overlapping one another, the laminar member being such that when at least one of its dimensions is changed, the shape of the apertures is changed, the portion of the member defining the perimeter of each aperture after defor-mation being the same portion that defined the perimeter of that aperture before deformation; and (2) connecting the electrodes of said article to a source of electrical power, thereby causing said article to recover.
(1) placing adjacent to the substrate a heat-recoverable article which comprises:
(a) a heat-recoverable member which comprises an organic polymer having sufficient finely divided electrically conductive particles dispersed therein to render the member conductive, and (b) at least two electrodes which are secured to and in contact with said member and which when connected to a source of electrical power cause current to flow through said member, at least one of said electrodes being a deformable electrode which is a metallic laminar member having a plurality of aper-tures therein, the apertures being of elon-gate closed cross-section and overlapping one another, the laminar member being such that when at least one of its dimensions is changed, the shape of the apertures is changed, the portion of the member defining the perimeter of each aperture after defor-mation being the same portion that defined the perimeter of that aperture before deformation; and (2) connecting the electrodes of said article to a source of electrical power, thereby causing said article to recover.
14. A process as claimed in claim 13, wherein the article comprises at least two said electrodes and said heat-recoverable member in the form of a heat-shrinkable sheet between said electrodes.
15. A process as claimed in claim 14, wherein said deformable electrodes have substantially the same planar dimensions as the heat-shrinkable sheet.
16. A process as claimed in claim 15, wherein the article is in the form of a heat-shrinkable tube or tapes.
17. A process as claimed in claim 13, 14 or 15 wherein at least part of said heat-recoverable member exhibits PTC
behaviour so that current is substantially prevented from flow-ing through said member at a predetermined switching temperature which is 0 to 25°C higher than the recovery temperature of the member.
behaviour so that current is substantially prevented from flow-ing through said member at a predetermined switching temperature which is 0 to 25°C higher than the recovery temperature of the member.
18. A process as claimed in claim 13, 14 or 15, wherein said heat-recoverable member comprises a layer which exhibits PTC behaviour such that current is substantially prevented from flowing through said member at a temperature which is 0 to 25°C
higher than the recovery temperature of the member and which is sandwiched between two layers, each of which layers (a) exhibits constant wattage behaviour at temperatures below the switching temperature of said PTC layer and (b) has at least one said deformable electrode in contact therewith.
higher than the recovery temperature of the member and which is sandwiched between two layers, each of which layers (a) exhibits constant wattage behaviour at temperatures below the switching temperature of said PTC layer and (b) has at least one said deformable electrode in contact therewith.
19. A process as claimed in claim 13, 14 or 15, wherein the article also comprises an outer insulating jacket which adheres to itself when the article is heated to its recovery temperature.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05/818,711 US4421582A (en) | 1975-08-04 | 1977-07-25 | Self-heating article with deformable electrodes |
| US818,711 | 1977-07-25 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1129512A true CA1129512A (en) | 1982-08-10 |
Family
ID=25226220
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA307,963A Expired CA1129512A (en) | 1977-07-25 | 1978-07-24 | Self heating article with fabric electrodes |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5452187A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1129512A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2832119A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2399145A2 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2012149B (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7832983B2 (en) | 2006-05-02 | 2010-11-16 | Goodrich Corporation | Nacelles and nacelle components containing nanoreinforced carbon fiber composite material |
| US8561934B2 (en) | 2009-08-28 | 2013-10-22 | Teresa M. Kruckenberg | Lightning strike protection |
| US8962130B2 (en) | 2006-03-10 | 2015-02-24 | Rohr, Inc. | Low density lightning strike protection for use in airplanes |
Families Citing this family (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2533396B1 (en) * | 1976-12-13 | 1988-08-05 | Raychem Corp | ELECTRICAL DEVICES COMPRISING AN ELECTRODE IN CONTACT WITH A POLYMERIC COMPOSITION |
| US4419156A (en) * | 1977-05-18 | 1983-12-06 | Raychem Corporation | Method of encapsulation |
| US4304987A (en) | 1978-09-18 | 1981-12-08 | Raychem Corporation | Electrical devices comprising conductive polymer compositions |
| US4921648A (en) * | 1983-04-02 | 1990-05-01 | Raychem Corporation | Method of joining an article comprising a conductive polymer composition to a polymeric substrate |
| JPS6053528U (en) * | 1983-09-22 | 1985-04-15 | 株式会社フジクラ | Shrinkable heating tube |
| JPS6053529U (en) * | 1983-09-22 | 1985-04-15 | 株式会社フジクラ | Shrinkable heating tube |
| DE3583172D1 (en) * | 1984-04-04 | 1991-07-18 | Raychem Corp | HEAT RESETTABLE ARTICLE MADE OF ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTING POLYMERS. |
| US4853165A (en) * | 1984-04-04 | 1989-08-01 | Raychem Corporation | Method of using heat-recoverable articles comprising conductive polymer compositions |
| US5030487A (en) * | 1984-04-04 | 1991-07-09 | Raychem Corporation | Heat recoverable article comprising conductive polymer compositions |
| US4743321A (en) * | 1985-10-04 | 1988-05-10 | Raychem Corporation | Devices comprising PTC conductive polymers |
| DK229687A (en) * | 1986-05-06 | 1987-11-07 | Raychem Sa Nv | PROCEDURE AND ARTICLES FOR FORMING A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ARTICLES |
| GB8713673D0 (en) * | 1987-06-11 | 1987-07-15 | Bowthorpe Hellermann Ltd | Cable jointing |
| GB8720025D0 (en) * | 1987-08-25 | 1987-09-30 | Raychem Pontoise Sa | Article |
| US4972197A (en) * | 1987-09-03 | 1990-11-20 | Ford Aerospace Corporation | Integral heater for composite structure |
| US20080166563A1 (en) | 2007-01-04 | 2008-07-10 | Goodrich Corporation | Electrothermal heater made from thermally conducting electrically insulating polymer material |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1168770A (en) * | 1965-12-01 | 1969-10-29 | Texas Instruments Inc | Self-Regulating Heaters. |
| GB1484452A (en) * | 1973-09-12 | 1977-09-01 | Pains Wessex Ltd | Buoyant radiobeacons |
| FR2320678A1 (en) * | 1975-08-04 | 1977-03-04 | Raychem Corp | Thermal shrink fit sleeve or cover - has high electrical resistance and contains web of interwoven conductors connectable to current source for local heating |
| JPS5287682A (en) * | 1975-09-17 | 1977-07-21 | Raychem Corp | Heattrestorable article |
| CA1100561A (en) * | 1975-12-08 | 1981-05-05 | Stephen H. Diaz | Apertured deformable laminar heating elements |
-
1978
- 1978-07-21 DE DE19782832119 patent/DE2832119A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1978-07-24 CA CA307,963A patent/CA1129512A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-07-24 FR FR7821832A patent/FR2399145A2/en active Granted
- 1978-07-25 GB GB7831084A patent/GB2012149B/en not_active Expired
- 1978-07-25 JP JP9086678A patent/JPS5452187A/en active Granted
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8962130B2 (en) | 2006-03-10 | 2015-02-24 | Rohr, Inc. | Low density lightning strike protection for use in airplanes |
| US7832983B2 (en) | 2006-05-02 | 2010-11-16 | Goodrich Corporation | Nacelles and nacelle components containing nanoreinforced carbon fiber composite material |
| US8561934B2 (en) | 2009-08-28 | 2013-10-22 | Teresa M. Kruckenberg | Lightning strike protection |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE2832119A1 (en) | 1979-02-08 |
| JPS6364291B2 (en) | 1988-12-12 |
| JPS5452187A (en) | 1979-04-24 |
| FR2399145A2 (en) | 1979-02-23 |
| GB2012149B (en) | 1982-06-23 |
| FR2399145B2 (en) | 1984-06-29 |
| GB2012149A (en) | 1979-07-18 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| MKEX | Expiry |