CA1118166A - Engine sizing of paper - Google Patents
Engine sizing of paperInfo
- Publication number
- CA1118166A CA1118166A CA000319967A CA319967A CA1118166A CA 1118166 A CA1118166 A CA 1118166A CA 000319967 A CA000319967 A CA 000319967A CA 319967 A CA319967 A CA 319967A CA 1118166 A CA1118166 A CA 1118166A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- sizing
- oligomer
- succinic anhydride
- paper
- agent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/03—Non-macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/05—Non-macromolecular organic compounds containing elements other than carbon and hydrogen only
- D21H17/14—Carboxylic acids; Derivatives thereof
- D21H17/15—Polycarboxylic acids, e.g. maleic acid
- D21H17/16—Addition products thereof with hydrocarbons
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
Landscapes
- Paper (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
O.Z. 33,032 Abstract of the disclosure:
A process for the engine sizing of paper using an aqueous emulsion of a substituted succinic anhydride, wherein the substituent is a radical of a butene oligomer of 16 to 40 carbon atoms. The pre-ferred engine sizing agent. is a substituted succinic anhydride wherein the substituent is the radical of an oligomer of isobutene, the oligomer being of 20 to 32 carbon atoms.
A process for the engine sizing of paper using an aqueous emulsion of a substituted succinic anhydride, wherein the substituent is a radical of a butene oligomer of 16 to 40 carbon atoms. The pre-ferred engine sizing agent. is a substituted succinic anhydride wherein the substituent is the radical of an oligomer of isobutene, the oligomer being of 20 to 32 carbon atoms.
Description
L~
O.Z. 33,032 Engine sizin~ of paper The present invention relates to a process for the engine sizing of paper using an aqueous emulsion of a substituted succinic anhydride.
In order to reduce the rate of penetration of water and other liquids into paper to a certain degree, it is necessary to size the paper, ie. to render it partially hyarophobic. Only after siz-ing is the paper suitable for writing and printing.
Paper and board can be sized by means of sizing agents which are either added to the stock before forming the sheet (engine sizing) or which are applied to the finished paper web by means of suitable applicators, eg. sizing presses or spraying equipment (surface sizing). The best-known engine sizing agent is rosin-based resin glue. The paper sizing achievable by means of this agent may be regarded as very good, but is dependent on the presence of a rather large amount of aluminum sulfate.
U.S. Patent 3,102,064 discloses a process for the engine sizing of paper, wherein a substituted cyclic carboxylic anhydride, eg. a substituted succinic anhydride or a substituted glutaric anhydride~ is employed as the engine sizing agent. The said carb-6,~
O.Z. 33,032 Engine sizin~ of paper The present invention relates to a process for the engine sizing of paper using an aqueous emulsion of a substituted succinic anhydride.
In order to reduce the rate of penetration of water and other liquids into paper to a certain degree, it is necessary to size the paper, ie. to render it partially hyarophobic. Only after siz-ing is the paper suitable for writing and printing.
Paper and board can be sized by means of sizing agents which are either added to the stock before forming the sheet (engine sizing) or which are applied to the finished paper web by means of suitable applicators, eg. sizing presses or spraying equipment (surface sizing). The best-known engine sizing agent is rosin-based resin glue. The paper sizing achievable by means of this agent may be regarded as very good, but is dependent on the presence of a rather large amount of aluminum sulfate.
U.S. Patent 3,102,064 discloses a process for the engine sizing of paper, wherein a substituted cyclic carboxylic anhydride, eg. a substituted succinic anhydride or a substituted glutaric anhydride~ is employed as the engine sizing agent. The said carb-6,~
-2- O~Z. 33,032 oxylic acid anhydrides may contain alkyl, alkenyl, aralkyl or aralkenyl groups as substituents. The sizing action of these engine sizing agents leaves something to be desired.
The present invention seeks to provide a sizing agent which is also suitable for neutral sizing and which gives improved siz-ing values compared to conventional sizing agents based on substi-tuted succinic anhydrides.
According to the present invention there is pro~ided a process for the engine sizing of paper using an aqueous emulsion of a sub-stituted succinic anhydride, wherein the substituted succinic anhydride bears as substituent the radical of a butene oligomer of from 16 to 40 carbon atoms. The substituted succinic anhydride employed according to the invention may be emulsified in water by means of a cationic starch and~or a cationic emulsifier. Addition-ally ? cationic retention agents may be employed to improve the sizing.
The substituted succinic anhydride which is employed as engine sizing agent according to the invention and which bears as substi-tuent the radical of an oligomer of a butene, the oligomer being of 16 to ~0 carbon atoms, may be characterized by the formula:
/o CH - C0 (I) H - (-C4H8-) - (C4Hs~) ~ t C4H8 )k n-k-1 where n is from 4 to 10 and k is from 0 to n-l. ~ixtures of two or more of the substituted anhydrides bearing different butene oligomer radicals may also be employed as engine sizing agents.
A compound of the formula I may be obtained by reacting - o.Z. 33,0~2 ~n oligomer o~ a butene, the oligomer being of 16 to 40 carbon atoms, with maleic anhydride at from 150 to 250C.
The oligomeric butene may be derived from but l-ene, but-Z-ene or isobutylene. Preferably, a~ isobutylene oligomer is reacted with maleic anhydride. A particu-larly effective increase in ink flotation time, which is a parametercommonly employed for characterizing the effectiveness of sizing age~ts, is achieved if a reaction product of an ollgomer of isobutene~ the oligomer being of 20 to 32 carbon atoms, with maleic anhydride is employed as the engine sizing agent.
Typical ex~mples of sizing agents of the stated type are tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta- and octa-isobutenyl-succinic anhydride~
TQ use a compound of the formula I as a sizing agent, it is essential to emulsify lt in water. The sizing agent is emulsified in water either directly or in the presence of an emulsifier, pre-ferably a cationic emulsifier, or in the presence of a cationic starch. The latter is preferred. Appropriate emulsifiers and cationic starches are commercially available and are those conven-tionally used in the paper industry. Cationically modified starch is usually employed in an amount of from 0.05 to 2% by weight, based on the dry weight of the paper fibers.
A further improvement in the effectiveness of the sizi~g agent employed according to the invention is achieved~f addition~lly a cationic retention agent is used in the sizi~g operation. Examples of suitable cati.onic reten~ion agents are cationically modified polymers of amides of ethylenically unsaturated C~-C5-carboxylic acid~, eg. cationically modified polyacrylamide or polymethacryl amide, as well as polye~hyleneimine and water-soluble cross-linked condensation products of adipic acid and polyalkylene-polyamines. Products of ~his type are co~erciall~ available and they are usually employed in an amount of from 0.01 to 0.3% by weight, based on the dry fibrous material.
The materials to be used as sizing agents accordin~ to the invention may be employed in the amounts conventionally used for engine sizing, c~. U.S. Patent 3,102,064.
The Examples which ~ollow illustrate the invention. In L0 these Examples, parts and percentages are by weight.
:The following sizing agents are used in accordance .
:with the invention:
Sizin6 agent 1: Tetraisobutenyl-succinlc anhydride Sizing age~t 2: Pentaisobutenyl-succinic anhydride Sizing agent 3: Hexaisobutenyl-succinic anhydride ~ For comparison with the prior art, the following sizing age~ts were tested: .
Comparative material 1: Triisobutenyl-succinic anhydride Comparative material 2: Octadecenyl-succinic anhydride Comparative material 3: Isooctadecenyl-succinic anhydride To test the sizing action of the above materials, parts of one of sizing agents 1 to 3 or of o~e of the substituted succinic anhydrides listed as comparative ~aterials 1 to 3 were added to 100 parts of a 10% strength solution of a commercial cationic starch in water and exposed to the ac~ion of an emulsifying apparatus for 5 m~nutes, - The resulting emulsion was then dîluted with water to a sizing agent conte~t of 1.0%.
,...j si _5_ o z. 33~032 Su~ficient of` one of the abo~e sizing agent emul-slonsw~s added ~o an 0.5% strength stock tpH 7.5~ of bleached sulfite cellulose~ having a freenes~ of 35 SR, to give a sizirg agent content of 0 5~, based on dry cellu_ lo~e. - Sheets weighing 2.5 g/m2 were then formed, in ~ach casP, on a laboratory sheet-forming apparatus, and were sub~equently ~ried in a cylinder dryer at 90C. The sizing e~iciency wa~ in each case assessed by means of the ink flotatIon test (50% strike-through). DIN 53,126 test ink was used The results obtained are listed in the .; . . . .
Table below ~
.. ~ . , ;; , . .
;- In~ ~lotation time [min~]
.
Sizing age~t 1 19 S~zLng agent 2 41 Sizing agent 3 57 Comparat~vè material 1 3 Comparat~ve material 2 0 Comparative material 3 - 3 To demonstrate that the sizing efficiency can be ^improved by adding a cationic retention agent, sizing agent
The present invention seeks to provide a sizing agent which is also suitable for neutral sizing and which gives improved siz-ing values compared to conventional sizing agents based on substi-tuted succinic anhydrides.
According to the present invention there is pro~ided a process for the engine sizing of paper using an aqueous emulsion of a sub-stituted succinic anhydride, wherein the substituted succinic anhydride bears as substituent the radical of a butene oligomer of from 16 to 40 carbon atoms. The substituted succinic anhydride employed according to the invention may be emulsified in water by means of a cationic starch and~or a cationic emulsifier. Addition-ally ? cationic retention agents may be employed to improve the sizing.
The substituted succinic anhydride which is employed as engine sizing agent according to the invention and which bears as substi-tuent the radical of an oligomer of a butene, the oligomer being of 16 to ~0 carbon atoms, may be characterized by the formula:
/o CH - C0 (I) H - (-C4H8-) - (C4Hs~) ~ t C4H8 )k n-k-1 where n is from 4 to 10 and k is from 0 to n-l. ~ixtures of two or more of the substituted anhydrides bearing different butene oligomer radicals may also be employed as engine sizing agents.
A compound of the formula I may be obtained by reacting - o.Z. 33,0~2 ~n oligomer o~ a butene, the oligomer being of 16 to 40 carbon atoms, with maleic anhydride at from 150 to 250C.
The oligomeric butene may be derived from but l-ene, but-Z-ene or isobutylene. Preferably, a~ isobutylene oligomer is reacted with maleic anhydride. A particu-larly effective increase in ink flotation time, which is a parametercommonly employed for characterizing the effectiveness of sizing age~ts, is achieved if a reaction product of an ollgomer of isobutene~ the oligomer being of 20 to 32 carbon atoms, with maleic anhydride is employed as the engine sizing agent.
Typical ex~mples of sizing agents of the stated type are tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta- and octa-isobutenyl-succinic anhydride~
TQ use a compound of the formula I as a sizing agent, it is essential to emulsify lt in water. The sizing agent is emulsified in water either directly or in the presence of an emulsifier, pre-ferably a cationic emulsifier, or in the presence of a cationic starch. The latter is preferred. Appropriate emulsifiers and cationic starches are commercially available and are those conven-tionally used in the paper industry. Cationically modified starch is usually employed in an amount of from 0.05 to 2% by weight, based on the dry weight of the paper fibers.
A further improvement in the effectiveness of the sizi~g agent employed according to the invention is achieved~f addition~lly a cationic retention agent is used in the sizi~g operation. Examples of suitable cati.onic reten~ion agents are cationically modified polymers of amides of ethylenically unsaturated C~-C5-carboxylic acid~, eg. cationically modified polyacrylamide or polymethacryl amide, as well as polye~hyleneimine and water-soluble cross-linked condensation products of adipic acid and polyalkylene-polyamines. Products of ~his type are co~erciall~ available and they are usually employed in an amount of from 0.01 to 0.3% by weight, based on the dry fibrous material.
The materials to be used as sizing agents accordin~ to the invention may be employed in the amounts conventionally used for engine sizing, c~. U.S. Patent 3,102,064.
The Examples which ~ollow illustrate the invention. In L0 these Examples, parts and percentages are by weight.
:The following sizing agents are used in accordance .
:with the invention:
Sizin6 agent 1: Tetraisobutenyl-succinlc anhydride Sizing age~t 2: Pentaisobutenyl-succinic anhydride Sizing agent 3: Hexaisobutenyl-succinic anhydride ~ For comparison with the prior art, the following sizing age~ts were tested: .
Comparative material 1: Triisobutenyl-succinic anhydride Comparative material 2: Octadecenyl-succinic anhydride Comparative material 3: Isooctadecenyl-succinic anhydride To test the sizing action of the above materials, parts of one of sizing agents 1 to 3 or of o~e of the substituted succinic anhydrides listed as comparative ~aterials 1 to 3 were added to 100 parts of a 10% strength solution of a commercial cationic starch in water and exposed to the ac~ion of an emulsifying apparatus for 5 m~nutes, - The resulting emulsion was then dîluted with water to a sizing agent conte~t of 1.0%.
,...j si _5_ o z. 33~032 Su~ficient of` one of the abo~e sizing agent emul-slonsw~s added ~o an 0.5% strength stock tpH 7.5~ of bleached sulfite cellulose~ having a freenes~ of 35 SR, to give a sizirg agent content of 0 5~, based on dry cellu_ lo~e. - Sheets weighing 2.5 g/m2 were then formed, in ~ach casP, on a laboratory sheet-forming apparatus, and were sub~equently ~ried in a cylinder dryer at 90C. The sizing e~iciency wa~ in each case assessed by means of the ink flotatIon test (50% strike-through). DIN 53,126 test ink was used The results obtained are listed in the .; . . . .
Table below ~
.. ~ . , ;; , . .
;- In~ ~lotation time [min~]
.
Sizing age~t 1 19 S~zLng agent 2 41 Sizing agent 3 57 Comparat~vè material 1 3 Comparat~ve material 2 0 Comparative material 3 - 3 To demonstrate that the sizing efficiency can be ^improved by adding a cationic retention agent, sizing agent
3 described in Example 1 is combined with various amounts of a cationic retention agent The latter is a commercial water-soluble crossli~ked polyamidoamine which is obtained by condensing adipic acid and diethylenetriamine and then reacting the condensation product with epichlorohydrin.
The sizing agent dispersion is prepared as described in Example 1.} The co~tent of sizing agent, based on dry cellulose, is l,Oy. For various amounts of added -6- o.Z~ 33,032 cationic.retention agent, the ~ol.lowing values of the ink flotation time were found ~or the paper sheets obtained:
Concentration of cationic Ink flotation time [min,~
retention agent ~, based on dry cellulose) : 0.01 67 .~ .
0.0~ - 7 0.10' ' 9 ~.20 llQ
The sizing agent dispersion is prepared as described in Example 1.} The co~tent of sizing agent, based on dry cellulose, is l,Oy. For various amounts of added -6- o.Z~ 33,032 cationic.retention agent, the ~ol.lowing values of the ink flotation time were found ~or the paper sheets obtained:
Concentration of cationic Ink flotation time [min,~
retention agent ~, based on dry cellulose) : 0.01 67 .~ .
0.0~ - 7 0.10' ' 9 ~.20 llQ
Claims (6)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A process for the engine sizing of paper using an aqueous emulsion of a substituted succinic anhydride, wherein the substituent is an oligomer of a butene, the -oligomer being of 16 to 40 carbon atoms.
2. A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sub-stituent is an oligomer of isobutene, the oligomer being of 20 to 32 carbon atoms.
3. A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein tetraiso-butenyl-succinic anhydride is used as the sizing agent.
4. A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein pentaiso-butenyl-succinic anhydride is used as the sizing agent.
5. A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein hexaiso-butenyl-succinic anhydride is used as the sizing agent.
6. A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stock additionally contains from 0,01 to 0.3% by weight of a retention agent.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEP2804202.6 | 1978-02-01 | ||
| DE19782804202 DE2804202A1 (en) | 1978-02-01 | 1978-02-01 | METHOD OF SIZING PAPER |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1118166A true CA1118166A (en) | 1982-02-16 |
Family
ID=6030852
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000319967A Expired CA1118166A (en) | 1978-02-01 | 1979-01-19 | Engine sizing of paper |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS54112203A (en) |
| AT (1) | AT367476B (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1118166A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2804202A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK41079A (en) |
| ES (1) | ES477241A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2416301A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2015612B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT7919654A0 (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7900784A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO790256L (en) |
| SE (1) | SE7900614L (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS583170U (en) * | 1981-06-30 | 1983-01-10 | 松下電工株式会社 | electric razor |
| JPS5846197A (en) * | 1981-09-11 | 1983-03-17 | 星光化学工業株式会社 | Production of base paper for gypsum board |
| JPS58120897A (en) * | 1982-01-05 | 1983-07-18 | 星光化学工業株式会社 | Sizing of paper |
| JPS58216730A (en) * | 1982-06-09 | 1983-12-16 | Seiko Kagaku Kogyo Co Ltd | Aqueous dispersion of substituted succinic anhydride, its manufacture, and paper sizing agent composed of said aqueous dispersion |
| JPS58220789A (en) * | 1982-06-18 | 1983-12-22 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Pressure-sensitive recording sheet |
| US5104486A (en) * | 1982-08-20 | 1992-04-14 | Chevron Research Company | Alkenyl succinic anhydride composition |
| JPS59144696A (en) * | 1983-02-07 | 1984-08-18 | 荒川化学工業株式会社 | Paper size agent |
| JPS59144695A (en) * | 1983-02-07 | 1984-08-18 | 三菱石油株式会社 | Papermaking size agent |
| DE19952354A1 (en) * | 1999-10-30 | 2001-05-03 | Nopco Paper Technology Holding | Use of mixtures |
-
1978
- 1978-02-01 DE DE19782804202 patent/DE2804202A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1979
- 1979-01-19 CA CA000319967A patent/CA1118166A/en not_active Expired
- 1979-01-23 SE SE7900614A patent/SE7900614L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1979-01-25 NO NO790256A patent/NO790256L/en unknown
- 1979-01-26 IT IT7919654A patent/IT7919654A0/en unknown
- 1979-01-29 ES ES477241A patent/ES477241A1/en not_active Expired
- 1979-01-31 DK DK41079A patent/DK41079A/en unknown
- 1979-01-31 JP JP928979A patent/JPS54112203A/en active Pending
- 1979-01-31 NL NL7900784A patent/NL7900784A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1979-01-31 GB GB7903459A patent/GB2015612B/en not_active Expired
- 1979-01-31 AT AT0072079A patent/AT367476B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1979-02-01 FR FR7902637A patent/FR2416301A1/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NO790256L (en) | 1979-08-02 |
| JPS54112203A (en) | 1979-09-03 |
| ES477241A1 (en) | 1979-12-01 |
| SE7900614L (en) | 1979-08-02 |
| IT7919654A0 (en) | 1979-01-26 |
| FR2416301A1 (en) | 1979-08-31 |
| DK41079A (en) | 1979-08-02 |
| GB2015612B (en) | 1983-04-27 |
| FR2416301B3 (en) | 1981-11-27 |
| DE2804202A1 (en) | 1979-08-02 |
| ATA72079A (en) | 1981-11-15 |
| GB2015612A (en) | 1979-09-12 |
| AT367476B (en) | 1982-07-12 |
| NL7900784A (en) | 1979-08-03 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |