CA1066011A - Method and apparatus for molding dry or viscous compounds containing filler such as wood particles - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for molding dry or viscous compounds containing filler such as wood particlesInfo
- Publication number
- CA1066011A CA1066011A CA231,584A CA231584A CA1066011A CA 1066011 A CA1066011 A CA 1066011A CA 231584 A CA231584 A CA 231584A CA 1066011 A CA1066011 A CA 1066011A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- mould
- moulding compound
- ram
- blows
- pressing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
- B28B3/02—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form
- B28B3/022—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form combined with vibrating or jolting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
- B30B11/02—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses using a ram exerting pressure on the material in a moulding space
- B30B11/022—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses using a ram exerting pressure on the material in a moulding space whereby the material is subjected to vibrations
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Pallets (AREA)
- Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
The present invention relates to a method for the manufacturing of products of relatively dense plastic mass containing relatively high volume of filler such as wood particles. The plastic mass is subjected to a molding pressure in a press, while both the ram and the mold are subjected to vibratory forces generally transverse to the direction of the compression of the ram such that the vibratory impact on the ram is oriented in a direction opposite to the vibratory impact acting on the mold.
Apparatus for carrying out the method is also disclosed.
The invention provides an improved distribution of the mass to properly fill in even a relatively complexly shaped mold without the need for decreasing the contents of the filler in the mass.
The present invention relates to a method for the manufacturing of products of relatively dense plastic mass containing relatively high volume of filler such as wood particles. The plastic mass is subjected to a molding pressure in a press, while both the ram and the mold are subjected to vibratory forces generally transverse to the direction of the compression of the ram such that the vibratory impact on the ram is oriented in a direction opposite to the vibratory impact acting on the mold.
Apparatus for carrying out the method is also disclosed.
The invention provides an improved distribution of the mass to properly fill in even a relatively complexly shaped mold without the need for decreasing the contents of the filler in the mass.
Description
106~
The present invention relates to a method for the manufacture of products from moulding compounds in dry or viscous liquid form such as concrete or plastics to which a filler, preferably of wood material, has been added to a high degree. In such a method a ;
thermosetting plastics material or otherwise solidifiable material such as concrete is aggregated with the finely divided filler so that a moulding compound is obtained, which is introduced into a mould in which it is subjected to pressure in order to shape the desired product.
The invention also relates to an apparatus provided to carry out the above mentioned method. ?
Plastics have turned out somewhat unfavourable for the production of thickwalled objects, such as parts -used in the building industry such as window sashes, window wings, doors, door ~ashes, and other parts used in interior decoration. This is because of the high volume price of plastics in relation to the prices of conventional materials like wood and wood particle board.
For manufacture of the parts mentioned above it would s of course be desirable to take advantage of the good qualities o plastics, i.e. easy maintenance, attractive appearance and ease of moulding, so that moulding methods would replace the previously used, usually expensive, - manufacturing methods involving cutting operations.
One solution is to let plastics constitute only a minor part of the products, as is done in the manufacture of wood particle board, thus making the products go further by adding fillers like sawdust, ;
waste from chopping operations, cutting shavings, coarse ., .
wood pulp, or similar fillers. ~owever, a raw material -; containing a sufficiently large portion of fillers in Ol~
order to yield a product of sufficiently low price has shown such poor mo~llding qualities that the conventional injection moulding processes for plastics cannot be used.
It is an object of the invention to make it possible to use a mixture of plastics or other solidifiable material and filler, in which at least in suitable case~
the proportion of filler can be greater than is normally possible in connection with known injection moulding -methods. By such an arrangement it may be that the proportion of plastics or other solidifiable material entering into the mixutre can entirely be determined on the basis of the re~uired strength without having to consider the requirements to enable the moulding compound to be used in a conventional processing method.
According to one aspect of the present invention, a method is provided for the manufacture of a product from a filled solidifiable moulding compound in dry or viscous liquid form, comprising the step of introducing a moulding compound to a mould composed of a bottom and side wall means defining a mold cavity having an opening giving direct access to the interior thereof, thereafter inserting a ram in said opening to subject the moùlding compound to a generally non-elastic pressure in the mould cavity, and subjecting both the moul-d and the ram to blows producing vibrations--predominantly transverse with respect to the direction of the ram pressure, said blows being generated by a plurality of sources synchronised such that the blows to which the mould is subjected are oriented in a direction generally opposite to the direction of the blows to which the ram is subjected.
In another aspect of the present invention, an apparatus is provided for manufacturing of a product from .
.
. . .
10~
a filled solidifiable moulding compound in dry or viscous liquid form, comprising an open mould composed of a bottom : portion and side wall means, and a ram for inserting into the mould to enclose the moulding compound therein, a working table provided to carry the mould and opposite thereto a pressing had adapted to ~e driven ~mder a generally non-elastic pressure towards the table to force the ram into the mould, the table and the pressing head both including vibrators provided to generate blows producing vibrations predominantly transverse with respect to the direction of the ram pressure, said blows being generated by a plurality of the vibrators synchronised so that the vibrators of he table are arranged to produce blows in a direction generally opposite to the direc-tion of the blows generated by the vibrators of the pressing head.
The invention as recited in the afor~said general terms provides the utility of an improved distribution of particles within the moulded compound even when the particles are comprised of different shapes and different specific weight fractions.
. , .
The accompanying drawings illustrate the ~ ¦
invention and show various embodiments of apparatus in accordance with the present invention.
In the drawings:- ¦
Fig. 1 shows a press in side elevation;
Fig. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view along 1 line II-II of Fig. l; , Fig. 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view along line III-III of Fig. l; ¦~
Fig. 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view of ~ a vibrator for the press of Fig. 1;
,`
r - ~ ..
:~. . . ' ~ .
Fig. 5 i s a side elevation of the vibrator of Fig, 4;
Fig. 6 is a part sectional view of a mould;
Fig. 7 is a graph illustrating the superimposition of vibrations of different frequencies;
Fig. 8 is a broken perspective view illustrating the moulding of a loading pallet;
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. '~
. ~
B 4a -.~,"~
,, ^ : . . :
O~l Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view on the line IX of Fig. 10 of a mould for manufacturing an alternative loading pallet;
Fig. 10 is a cross-section on the line X of Fig. 10;
Fig. 11 is a side view of a panel for roof covering;
Fig. 12 is a cross section on the line XII of Fig. 11;
and Fig. 13 is a cross-sectional view of a shoe sole in a mould therefor.
According to Fig. 1 the press comprises frame with `10 a support 22, a working table 23 and four pillars 24, connected directly to the support 22 and not to the table 23, carrying an upper part 25. The upper part 25 includes a heavy hydraulic jack 26 with a piston carrying a pressing head 27. The working table 23 as well as the pressing head 27 are connected to the support 22 and the piston of the jacket 26 by means of elastic blocks. Attached to the working table 23 and to the pressing head 27 are vibrators 28 and 29 respectively. As will be described in the following the working table 23 is intended to carry a mould 16 in the opening 20 of which a ram 21 is inserted. The ram 21 is intended to cooperate with the pressing head 27 which ~ lowers the ram by means of the hydraulic jack 26.
-The pressing head 27 with the vibrators 29 is shown from above in Fig. 2 in a section along the line II-II of Fig. 1.
The working table 23 is shown in Fig. 3 in a section along line III-III in Fig. 1. The positions of the vibrators 28 at the under side of the table 23 are shown. The mould 16 without the ram 21 inserted is shown in Fig. 3 placed on the table 23. As is ~' evident from Figs. 2 and 3, the table 23 and the pressing head 27 each are provided with four vibrators 28 and 29 respectively, two of the vibrators having their axes parallel and the other two having their axes parallel and at right angles to the first two vibrators.
- 5 _ ~B
... , . . - ., , ~- .
-~ f ~ :
106~V~
A side elevation of a vibrator is shown in Fig. 4.
According to this figure the vibrator include~ a casing 30 with a mounting plate 31. The casing 30 encloses an electrical motor, the shaft 32 of which is provided at its ends with eccentric weights 33. The weights 33 are covered by means of the hoods 34.
At each end of the shaft 32 there are two weights 33 provided which are turnable relative to each other. However, when turning the weights of one pair, the other pair are adjusted likewise so that the pairs are positioned in the same way at both ends of the shaft 32.
The vibrator is shown from the end in Fig. 5 (the hood 34 removed). As will be understood from this figure, the vibrator and the body to which the vibrator is attached will be subjected to a rotating force produced by unbalanced weight 33 thus resulting in frequent blows directed to the article to which the vibrator is attached. The unbalance of the pair of weights at each end of the shaft 32, and consequently said force, is adjustable by turning the weights of each pair relatively to each other. The maximum unbalance is obtained in the position shown in Figs. 4 and 5 with the weights aligned, while, if the ~eights of each pair are turned to a position opposite to each other, the unbalance is neutralized.
The forces produced by the rotating weights are directed in the way indicated by the arrows in Fig. S i.e. to the right in the quadrants I and II, to the left in the quadrants III and IV, upwards in the quadrants IV and I, and downwards in the quadrants II and III. If the vibrator is attached to the working table carrying a mould containing said moulding compound the upwards force in the quadrants I and IV results in a packing of the moulding compound and the downward forces in the quadrants II
and III will result in a loosening of the mixture. Due !to the inertia of the moulding compound it will be mostly packed .
. 106~0~ 1 when the weight passes the ~uadrants I, II. In these quadrants said forces work to move the mould to the right and according to the inertia of the moulding compound it will be pressed against the inner surfaces of the mould pointing to the right, i.e. the mixture will be pressed against the left walls of the mould.
In this way, it is possible to direct the packing of the mixture in the desired way by means of the arrangement of the vibrators. The arrows on Figs. 2 and 3 indicate the direction of the forces acting on the particles and caused by the vibrations from the combined action of the vibrators. The arrangement of the vibrators 29 of the pressing head 27 is so chosen that the packing effect is reversed compared to the same of the working table. ;;
." :;' By means of the described method it is consequently ¦
.. I , possible to obtain a packing of the mixture along walls of a ¦
.. ......
mould of any conformation. This effect is very important; by ¦ ;~
a pressing operation, i.e. by pressing the ram down into the filled --~
mould, the pressure in the moulding compound is directed sub-stantially in the pressing direction of the ram and because of ; 2~ the high friction between the particles of the moulding compound the pressing pressure will not produce sufficient pressure of the moulding compound against the side walls of the mould to j produce the desired strength and smooth surface finish of the ~;
, parts of the workpiece which are adjacent to the surfaces formed by said mould side walls. However, by means of the above described vibrating method it is possible to obtain a substantially equal ~ strength and surface finish for articles, including those of -i very complicated shape, from moulding compounds containing large amounts of filler.
However, it is possible to further i~prove the results by means of different vibration frequencies for the vibrators.
i; One practical arrangement for the vibrators of the pressing head ." .
~o~6~1~
is as follows:
Position A and C = 8900 blows per minute Position B and D - 6000 blows per minute These relatively high frequencies will be used for vibrators for the pressing head and ram according to Fig. 2, while for the mould according to Fig. 3 the following lower fre-- quencies are proposed:
- Position A and C = 2900 blows per minute Position B and D = 2600 blows per minute Under some circumstances it is however more suitable to change the arrangement so the lower frequencies are used for the ram and the higher frequencies for the mould. The most suitable arrangement depends on the nature of the moulding com-pound. For concrete the best result will occur if the higher ;
frequencies are directed towards the mould, while for plastics compounds with wood filling material it is more suitable to use the higher frequencies for the ram. It is generally necessary to determine the frequencies to be used by means of practical i~' experiments, and the arrangement to be used thus depends on the nature of the moulding compound as well as the design of the mould.
In order to reach the most suitable arrangement the ! vibrators consequently have to be adjustable according to frequency and their position relative to the mould. Vibrators intended to work at the same frequency have not necessarily to ;i be synchronized in any mechanical or electrical way. In practice 1 it is shown that if the vibrators are adjusted to work at about .~ the same frequency they will be self-synchronizing by means of ;~ the blows transformed by the base. In the drawings the , 30 vibrators are placed intermediate of the side walls of the ; mould when viewed from above but positioning at the corners of the mould base is also possible.
Fig. 7 illustrates the use of different frequencies -106~;0~
at the same time and the resulting influence on the effect ofthe blows ~the amplitude). Fig. 7 shows the superimposition of two sine curves with dîfferent frequencies. The addition will, as shown, result, in a periodical increasing of the amplitude in that moment when the blows are directed in the same way. By practical experiment it can be shown that this periodical change of the effect of the blows will result in an exceptional flow-ability and packing of the compound. In practice the described method is very advantageous and by means of the same it has been possible to manufacture work pieces with considerable variation in thickness in the material and yet, in spite of this, with practically the same density in the different parts. When work pieces are manufactured by conventional methods, not using ~;
the method according to the present invention, the density in the different parts will be very different and in thick parts cavities also will occur.
The advantages obtainable using the present invention are mainly the result of an intensive experimental work during a long period of time, which work is based on certain theories and feed-back of the experimental results. The theory relating to the use of vibrations of different direction and optionally different frequency, to subject the ram and mould to blows is founded on the assumption that particles with different mass are influenced in different ways by different frequencies and it is assumed that the same is true with regard to different amounts of moulding compound enclosed in cavities of the mould with different volume.
The following description is an example of how the method according to the invention can be carried out:
1. The mould is filled to the intended depth with compound. The mould is suitably vibrated during filling which will shorten the necessary time. Alternatively, the vibration can ;
_ g _ ~t . , be made after filling and it is usually necessary to continue the vibration even after the intended amount of compound is filled in the mould. From experiment it is shown that the application of vibrations with the moulding compound not under any pressure in the moula and not enclosed between the mould parts will give an inclined upper surface of the moulding compound as shown in Fig. 1 (line a in the mould part 16).
The present invention relates to a method for the manufacture of products from moulding compounds in dry or viscous liquid form such as concrete or plastics to which a filler, preferably of wood material, has been added to a high degree. In such a method a ;
thermosetting plastics material or otherwise solidifiable material such as concrete is aggregated with the finely divided filler so that a moulding compound is obtained, which is introduced into a mould in which it is subjected to pressure in order to shape the desired product.
The invention also relates to an apparatus provided to carry out the above mentioned method. ?
Plastics have turned out somewhat unfavourable for the production of thickwalled objects, such as parts -used in the building industry such as window sashes, window wings, doors, door ~ashes, and other parts used in interior decoration. This is because of the high volume price of plastics in relation to the prices of conventional materials like wood and wood particle board.
For manufacture of the parts mentioned above it would s of course be desirable to take advantage of the good qualities o plastics, i.e. easy maintenance, attractive appearance and ease of moulding, so that moulding methods would replace the previously used, usually expensive, - manufacturing methods involving cutting operations.
One solution is to let plastics constitute only a minor part of the products, as is done in the manufacture of wood particle board, thus making the products go further by adding fillers like sawdust, ;
waste from chopping operations, cutting shavings, coarse ., .
wood pulp, or similar fillers. ~owever, a raw material -; containing a sufficiently large portion of fillers in Ol~
order to yield a product of sufficiently low price has shown such poor mo~llding qualities that the conventional injection moulding processes for plastics cannot be used.
It is an object of the invention to make it possible to use a mixture of plastics or other solidifiable material and filler, in which at least in suitable case~
the proportion of filler can be greater than is normally possible in connection with known injection moulding -methods. By such an arrangement it may be that the proportion of plastics or other solidifiable material entering into the mixutre can entirely be determined on the basis of the re~uired strength without having to consider the requirements to enable the moulding compound to be used in a conventional processing method.
According to one aspect of the present invention, a method is provided for the manufacture of a product from a filled solidifiable moulding compound in dry or viscous liquid form, comprising the step of introducing a moulding compound to a mould composed of a bottom and side wall means defining a mold cavity having an opening giving direct access to the interior thereof, thereafter inserting a ram in said opening to subject the moùlding compound to a generally non-elastic pressure in the mould cavity, and subjecting both the moul-d and the ram to blows producing vibrations--predominantly transverse with respect to the direction of the ram pressure, said blows being generated by a plurality of sources synchronised such that the blows to which the mould is subjected are oriented in a direction generally opposite to the direction of the blows to which the ram is subjected.
In another aspect of the present invention, an apparatus is provided for manufacturing of a product from .
.
. . .
10~
a filled solidifiable moulding compound in dry or viscous liquid form, comprising an open mould composed of a bottom : portion and side wall means, and a ram for inserting into the mould to enclose the moulding compound therein, a working table provided to carry the mould and opposite thereto a pressing had adapted to ~e driven ~mder a generally non-elastic pressure towards the table to force the ram into the mould, the table and the pressing head both including vibrators provided to generate blows producing vibrations predominantly transverse with respect to the direction of the ram pressure, said blows being generated by a plurality of the vibrators synchronised so that the vibrators of he table are arranged to produce blows in a direction generally opposite to the direc-tion of the blows generated by the vibrators of the pressing head.
The invention as recited in the afor~said general terms provides the utility of an improved distribution of particles within the moulded compound even when the particles are comprised of different shapes and different specific weight fractions.
. , .
The accompanying drawings illustrate the ~ ¦
invention and show various embodiments of apparatus in accordance with the present invention.
In the drawings:- ¦
Fig. 1 shows a press in side elevation;
Fig. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view along 1 line II-II of Fig. l; , Fig. 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view along line III-III of Fig. l; ¦~
Fig. 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view of ~ a vibrator for the press of Fig. 1;
,`
r - ~ ..
:~. . . ' ~ .
Fig. 5 i s a side elevation of the vibrator of Fig, 4;
Fig. 6 is a part sectional view of a mould;
Fig. 7 is a graph illustrating the superimposition of vibrations of different frequencies;
Fig. 8 is a broken perspective view illustrating the moulding of a loading pallet;
'`
. '~
. ~
B 4a -.~,"~
,, ^ : . . :
O~l Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view on the line IX of Fig. 10 of a mould for manufacturing an alternative loading pallet;
Fig. 10 is a cross-section on the line X of Fig. 10;
Fig. 11 is a side view of a panel for roof covering;
Fig. 12 is a cross section on the line XII of Fig. 11;
and Fig. 13 is a cross-sectional view of a shoe sole in a mould therefor.
According to Fig. 1 the press comprises frame with `10 a support 22, a working table 23 and four pillars 24, connected directly to the support 22 and not to the table 23, carrying an upper part 25. The upper part 25 includes a heavy hydraulic jack 26 with a piston carrying a pressing head 27. The working table 23 as well as the pressing head 27 are connected to the support 22 and the piston of the jacket 26 by means of elastic blocks. Attached to the working table 23 and to the pressing head 27 are vibrators 28 and 29 respectively. As will be described in the following the working table 23 is intended to carry a mould 16 in the opening 20 of which a ram 21 is inserted. The ram 21 is intended to cooperate with the pressing head 27 which ~ lowers the ram by means of the hydraulic jack 26.
-The pressing head 27 with the vibrators 29 is shown from above in Fig. 2 in a section along the line II-II of Fig. 1.
The working table 23 is shown in Fig. 3 in a section along line III-III in Fig. 1. The positions of the vibrators 28 at the under side of the table 23 are shown. The mould 16 without the ram 21 inserted is shown in Fig. 3 placed on the table 23. As is ~' evident from Figs. 2 and 3, the table 23 and the pressing head 27 each are provided with four vibrators 28 and 29 respectively, two of the vibrators having their axes parallel and the other two having their axes parallel and at right angles to the first two vibrators.
- 5 _ ~B
... , . . - ., , ~- .
-~ f ~ :
106~V~
A side elevation of a vibrator is shown in Fig. 4.
According to this figure the vibrator include~ a casing 30 with a mounting plate 31. The casing 30 encloses an electrical motor, the shaft 32 of which is provided at its ends with eccentric weights 33. The weights 33 are covered by means of the hoods 34.
At each end of the shaft 32 there are two weights 33 provided which are turnable relative to each other. However, when turning the weights of one pair, the other pair are adjusted likewise so that the pairs are positioned in the same way at both ends of the shaft 32.
The vibrator is shown from the end in Fig. 5 (the hood 34 removed). As will be understood from this figure, the vibrator and the body to which the vibrator is attached will be subjected to a rotating force produced by unbalanced weight 33 thus resulting in frequent blows directed to the article to which the vibrator is attached. The unbalance of the pair of weights at each end of the shaft 32, and consequently said force, is adjustable by turning the weights of each pair relatively to each other. The maximum unbalance is obtained in the position shown in Figs. 4 and 5 with the weights aligned, while, if the ~eights of each pair are turned to a position opposite to each other, the unbalance is neutralized.
The forces produced by the rotating weights are directed in the way indicated by the arrows in Fig. S i.e. to the right in the quadrants I and II, to the left in the quadrants III and IV, upwards in the quadrants IV and I, and downwards in the quadrants II and III. If the vibrator is attached to the working table carrying a mould containing said moulding compound the upwards force in the quadrants I and IV results in a packing of the moulding compound and the downward forces in the quadrants II
and III will result in a loosening of the mixture. Due !to the inertia of the moulding compound it will be mostly packed .
. 106~0~ 1 when the weight passes the ~uadrants I, II. In these quadrants said forces work to move the mould to the right and according to the inertia of the moulding compound it will be pressed against the inner surfaces of the mould pointing to the right, i.e. the mixture will be pressed against the left walls of the mould.
In this way, it is possible to direct the packing of the mixture in the desired way by means of the arrangement of the vibrators. The arrows on Figs. 2 and 3 indicate the direction of the forces acting on the particles and caused by the vibrations from the combined action of the vibrators. The arrangement of the vibrators 29 of the pressing head 27 is so chosen that the packing effect is reversed compared to the same of the working table. ;;
." :;' By means of the described method it is consequently ¦
.. I , possible to obtain a packing of the mixture along walls of a ¦
.. ......
mould of any conformation. This effect is very important; by ¦ ;~
a pressing operation, i.e. by pressing the ram down into the filled --~
mould, the pressure in the moulding compound is directed sub-stantially in the pressing direction of the ram and because of ; 2~ the high friction between the particles of the moulding compound the pressing pressure will not produce sufficient pressure of the moulding compound against the side walls of the mould to j produce the desired strength and smooth surface finish of the ~;
, parts of the workpiece which are adjacent to the surfaces formed by said mould side walls. However, by means of the above described vibrating method it is possible to obtain a substantially equal ~ strength and surface finish for articles, including those of -i very complicated shape, from moulding compounds containing large amounts of filler.
However, it is possible to further i~prove the results by means of different vibration frequencies for the vibrators.
i; One practical arrangement for the vibrators of the pressing head ." .
~o~6~1~
is as follows:
Position A and C = 8900 blows per minute Position B and D - 6000 blows per minute These relatively high frequencies will be used for vibrators for the pressing head and ram according to Fig. 2, while for the mould according to Fig. 3 the following lower fre-- quencies are proposed:
- Position A and C = 2900 blows per minute Position B and D = 2600 blows per minute Under some circumstances it is however more suitable to change the arrangement so the lower frequencies are used for the ram and the higher frequencies for the mould. The most suitable arrangement depends on the nature of the moulding com-pound. For concrete the best result will occur if the higher ;
frequencies are directed towards the mould, while for plastics compounds with wood filling material it is more suitable to use the higher frequencies for the ram. It is generally necessary to determine the frequencies to be used by means of practical i~' experiments, and the arrangement to be used thus depends on the nature of the moulding compound as well as the design of the mould.
In order to reach the most suitable arrangement the ! vibrators consequently have to be adjustable according to frequency and their position relative to the mould. Vibrators intended to work at the same frequency have not necessarily to ;i be synchronized in any mechanical or electrical way. In practice 1 it is shown that if the vibrators are adjusted to work at about .~ the same frequency they will be self-synchronizing by means of ;~ the blows transformed by the base. In the drawings the , 30 vibrators are placed intermediate of the side walls of the ; mould when viewed from above but positioning at the corners of the mould base is also possible.
Fig. 7 illustrates the use of different frequencies -106~;0~
at the same time and the resulting influence on the effect ofthe blows ~the amplitude). Fig. 7 shows the superimposition of two sine curves with dîfferent frequencies. The addition will, as shown, result, in a periodical increasing of the amplitude in that moment when the blows are directed in the same way. By practical experiment it can be shown that this periodical change of the effect of the blows will result in an exceptional flow-ability and packing of the compound. In practice the described method is very advantageous and by means of the same it has been possible to manufacture work pieces with considerable variation in thickness in the material and yet, in spite of this, with practically the same density in the different parts. When work pieces are manufactured by conventional methods, not using ~;
the method according to the present invention, the density in the different parts will be very different and in thick parts cavities also will occur.
The advantages obtainable using the present invention are mainly the result of an intensive experimental work during a long period of time, which work is based on certain theories and feed-back of the experimental results. The theory relating to the use of vibrations of different direction and optionally different frequency, to subject the ram and mould to blows is founded on the assumption that particles with different mass are influenced in different ways by different frequencies and it is assumed that the same is true with regard to different amounts of moulding compound enclosed in cavities of the mould with different volume.
The following description is an example of how the method according to the invention can be carried out:
1. The mould is filled to the intended depth with compound. The mould is suitably vibrated during filling which will shorten the necessary time. Alternatively, the vibration can ;
_ g _ ~t . , be made after filling and it is usually necessary to continue the vibration even after the intended amount of compound is filled in the mould. From experiment it is shown that the application of vibrations with the moulding compound not under any pressure in the moula and not enclosed between the mould parts will give an inclined upper surface of the moulding compound as shown in Fig. 1 (line a in the mould part 16).
2. The ram is lowered towards the free surface of the compound in a relatively slow cycle (of the order of tens of seconds). By means of the vibrations and the pressure from the ram the moulding compound is equally distributed in the mould.
During the pressing of the ram against the moulding compound the definite distribution of the compound in the mould is effected and the compound will be packed together so that all of the trapped air will be removed.
During the pressing of the ram against the moulding compound the definite distribution of the compound in the mould is effected and the compound will be packed together so that all of the trapped air will be removed.
3. After a period of vibrating under relatively low pressure, the mould is subjected to the high pressure necessary to form the product (a pressure in the range of thousands of N
(Newton) depending on the size of the mould) and the ultimate compression of the moulding compound will occur.
; 4. Now the entire mould with the ram remaining in the mould will be removed from the press and tra~sported to a ' place in which the product will be hardened (cured). For plastics mould compounds the curing will be done by heating in a heat chamber (oven).
The following description illustrates the filling of the mould and the manufacture of products of,different shapes.
In Fig. 6 a portion of a mould 16 is shown. As indicated, the mould contains moulding compounds of unequal density; adjacent to the vertical wall of the mould is a compound 35 with high density and against the middle of the mould is a ¦~
compound 36 with lowex density. For the distribution of the B - lo - ..... - - -. .. .. I
lV~t:iOl~
compound 35 a board 37 with suitable openings 38 is provided.
After the compound 35 has been filled along the walls of the mould through the openings 38 in the way described later, the board 37 is removed and the compound 36 is filled through the uncovered opening 20 of the mould. By packing the compound in the described way and vibrating the compound 35 with the higher density it will be tighter packed. By this method it is possible to increase the strength of the border parts of the produced article and cause them to become sufficiently packed even if the walls of the moulds extend in the pressing direction of the ram and even if undercuts are present.
In Fig. 8 a mould for a pallet 97 is shown (the pallet is shown upside down in the mould). The pallet, which is made ,, in one piece, comprises three supporting beams 98 and at right angles thereto parts 99 forming the upper surface and having four openings 100. The mould has a bottom 101 and hinged thereto four lockable sides 102. To the opening 100 correspond four bodies 103 (only two are shown) extending from the bottom 101. The parts 99 are formed by means of six ram pieces 104 (only two are shown) connected to each other by means of rods 105. For the pressing of the beams 98 three ram pieces 106 (only one is shown) are provided. The rampieces 106 are connected by means of beams 107, provided to press on the rampieces 104 when the ram formed by the rampieces 106 and the beams 107 is pressed down by means ; of the pressing head.
In Figs. 9 and 10, a mould for another type of pallet is shown. The pallet 115 is similar to the pallet 97 in Fig. 8 and comprises three beams 116 connected by means of a bottom portion 117. However, contrary to the pallet in Fig. 8 the beams 116 are hollow. In each of the outer beams there are three conical blind holes 118 and in the middle beam there are three larger conical blind holes 119. Between said holes .. . . .
.. ,: - , . .
. .
::
~0~011 openings 120 extend through the beams. The holes 118 and 119 are formed by corresponding parts 121 and 122 of a part 123 of the pressing head 124. The surfaces, in the moulding position directed upwards, surrounding said holes 118, 119 are formed by surfaces 131 of said part 123 of the pressing head. The openings 120 are formed by means of slides or retractable cores 126 which are slidable in the wall 127 of the underpart 128 of the mould from an upper position shown to the left in Fi~. 9 to a lower position shown to the right in Fig. 9. The guide in the wall 127 for the sliding movement of the slide 126 is pro-vided with sealing elements so that compound will not be let out through the guide by sliding of the slide 126. The slide or core 126 can be retracted out from the mould by means of ring shaped holders 129.
The surfaces of the beams positioned between the surfaces surrounding the holes 118, 119 are formed by means of , . .
surfaces 130 in further parts 131 of the pressing head 124. ;~
The parts 131 are placed in recesses 132 in the part 123 and will be moved by means of the same by the pressing operation.
The main part of the bottom portion 117 between the beams 116 will be formed by means of the slide 126 when the same is moved towards its lower position. The slides 126 will be moved by means of further parts 133 of the pressing head 124.
~ The part 133 is provided with recesses 134 in which the slide 126 - is positioned when, by lowering the pressing head 124, the , part 133 is moved by means of the part 123. The part 133 further shows surfaces 135 intended to form the remaining part of the bottom portion 117 between the beams 116.
The surface of the bottom portion 117 directed down-wards in the moulding position is formed by means of a bottom plate 136 of the under part of the mould. This plate is movable by means of ejecting bars 137 for the removal of the finished -i(~6tiOl~
pallet out of the mould.
When filling the mould shown in Figs. 9, 10 the parts of the pressing head as well as the slides 1~6, are placed at suitable levels so that the depth of the moulding compound will be ~uited to the different thickness of the finished product. By pressing the part 123, the pressing head 124 is lowered and will bring the parts 131 and 133 along. At the same time~he part 133 will press the slides 126 downwards to the position shown to the right in Fig. 9 and in Fig. 10. Thereby the moulding compound will be pressed between the different parts of the pressing head 124 and the bottom plate 136 of the under part 128 of the mould respectively between the under surface of the slides 126 and said bottom plate. The finished product can be ejected resting on the bottom plate 136 by means of the ejecting bars 137.
Fig. 11 shows an example of a product which can be produced by the method according to the invention in the form of a roof panel. The panel is intended to be laid directly on the roof beams and the panels are intended to be joined together by means of sealing joints 108. The panel is provided with ledges 109 intended to work as carrying elements for pan tiles. In order to make it possible for rain water un~er the tiles to flow down-wards the ledges are provided with notches 110 (Fig. 12).
In Fig. 13 a mould 111 with a pressing head 112 is shown. The mould, which preferably is made as a multiple com-partment mould, is provided for the manufacturing of bottoms 113 of moulding compound for wooden shoes. As is evident from the figure, the cavity for the shoe bottom 113 is laid at an .
oblique angle in relation to the resting surface 114 of the mould. By means of vibrations according to the method of the invention it is possible to direct a flow of mould-ing compound and exert a packing effect towards the heel of the shoe bottom 113, which will increase the strength of the heel.
.
~t ~ .~"
, .................................... . .
.
It is not possible to obtain sufficient strength in the heel in the pressing operation merely by means of the ram 112; the strength in a simple pressing operation or said moulding compound will depend merely upon the thickness in the pressing direction.
However, by means of the present method it is possible to obtain a precompression of the mixture and a packing of the same between the mould and the ram during the pressing operation, by means of which it is possible to obtain the desired strength in all parts of the article.
As described in connection with Fig. 6 the mould can be filled with moulding compounds of different compositions with different characteristics according to the obtainable strength, density and so on. The different compounds have, as described before, to be distributed in a suitable way according to the shape of the mould and the desired characteristics of the manufactured article. In order to obtain this selective distribution the filling will take place in several steps by using boards (37 in Fig. 6), cooperating with the board 17, with openings (38 in Fig. 6) provided to let the moulding compound ~ through. This first compound can then be compressed prior to insertion of further moulding compound. In certain cases therefore the compression can be directed to certain-parts of the mould and/
or to certain parts of the moulding compound in which the density is higher than in the remaining parts as described before.
; The above modification using different moulding compounds is sometimes necessary under special circumstances e.g.
for making products of very complicated shape and special demands of strength. In general it is, however, not necessary to use such a modification as by using the vibrating method according to ~-30 the present invention, products of very complicated shape can also be produced.
In the foregoing only two working stations have been ,~ - 14 -.. . .
~.~
~06t;01~
described ~or the production of plastics or concrete products, i.e. the mould equipped with the vibrators and the hardening (curing) station. After the pressing operation in the mould it ; is most suitable to transport the mould to the hardening station as mentioned before. Even if it is possible to fill the mould - before the pressing operation, it may be more practical to per-form the filling operation and precompression by means of vibrating in a station upstream of the pressing operation and to move the mould stepwise from station to station. In this case at least the precompression station has also to be provided with vibrators of the kind described in connection with Figs. 1-5.
By using a mould according to Figs. 9 and 10, the slide 126 is drawn out during the filling operation. Before the pressing, the slide 126 is now preferably displaced and pushed into the moulding compound in its upper position, which is facilitated by the pointed end of the slide. Thereafter the pressing cycle takes place by moving down the ram 124~ the slide ` 126 following in the downwards direction, said slide occupying , its intended final lower position when the compound below the ~ 20 slide has reached the intended thickness. Thus the compound 3 is compressed in the mould cavity-in an unbroken layer sidewise of the slide by means of the head, but under the slide by means of the slide itself, which during its downwards movement compresses the underlying compound, while compound above the slide can be compressed between the slide and the ram. A slide not vertically displaceable would prevent the moulding compound below the slide being compressed to a sufficient degree.
When producing a pallet 97 according to Fig. 8 the side walls 102 of the mould are raised and locked together. The bottom of the mould cavity forms a plane with the four bodies 103 projecting therefrom. The mould is now connected to the board 17 and the moulding compound filled in a layer suitable to form - ' ,-- 10~
the parts 99. Thereafter the six ram pieces 104 are inserted in the mould and a new layer of moulding compound, suitable to form the beams 98 is filled in the mould in the areas left behind the bodies 103 and the ram pieces 104. sefore the pressing operation the ram 106, 107 is inserted in the mould. By pressing down the same it will press down the ram pieces 1~4 by means of the parts 107. By adjusting the distance between the underside of the ram pieces 106 and the underside of the parts 107~ to the height of the ram pieces 104 it is possible to obtain a suitable compression of the different parts of the pallet g7.
When manufacturing the roof panel of Figs. 11 and 12 it is important to reach a high strength in the ledges 109, which is difficult because of the larger thickness o~ the same compared with the thickness in the remaining part of the panel.
However, by means of the vibrating method according to the present invention it is possible to produce a packing effect sidewards in relation to the pressing direction, which is to the left and to the right in Fig. 11 as viewed with the panel horizontal, i.e. in the direction parallel to the main extension of the panel. Thereby it is possible to obtain a higher pressure in the ledges 109 than is obtainable by means only of the ram pressure. The suitable direction of the packing effect produced by the vibrators of the mould is indicated by means of ~ an arrow to the right in Fig. 11 as viewed with the panel hori-; zontal whereby the direction of the packing effect from the ram is reverse, according to the arrow to the left.
In conventional methods it has been necessary to ease the pressure one or several times during such a setting process in order to let the steam escape, which has resulted 1 30 in rather large rough portions on the surfaces of the products, which portions have had to be removed in a finishing operation.
The positions of the vibrators 28, 29 may be changed, .. . , , . . , ~ ~ . . . ~
.
' as illustrated with an X (see Figs. 2 and 3) indicated at 28l and 291 respectively, and with the net sequence of vibrations directed according to the arrows shown.
.~ , ' ' :
'.', ':
., .
.1 .
,, .
. ' , .
(Newton) depending on the size of the mould) and the ultimate compression of the moulding compound will occur.
; 4. Now the entire mould with the ram remaining in the mould will be removed from the press and tra~sported to a ' place in which the product will be hardened (cured). For plastics mould compounds the curing will be done by heating in a heat chamber (oven).
The following description illustrates the filling of the mould and the manufacture of products of,different shapes.
In Fig. 6 a portion of a mould 16 is shown. As indicated, the mould contains moulding compounds of unequal density; adjacent to the vertical wall of the mould is a compound 35 with high density and against the middle of the mould is a ¦~
compound 36 with lowex density. For the distribution of the B - lo - ..... - - -. .. .. I
lV~t:iOl~
compound 35 a board 37 with suitable openings 38 is provided.
After the compound 35 has been filled along the walls of the mould through the openings 38 in the way described later, the board 37 is removed and the compound 36 is filled through the uncovered opening 20 of the mould. By packing the compound in the described way and vibrating the compound 35 with the higher density it will be tighter packed. By this method it is possible to increase the strength of the border parts of the produced article and cause them to become sufficiently packed even if the walls of the moulds extend in the pressing direction of the ram and even if undercuts are present.
In Fig. 8 a mould for a pallet 97 is shown (the pallet is shown upside down in the mould). The pallet, which is made ,, in one piece, comprises three supporting beams 98 and at right angles thereto parts 99 forming the upper surface and having four openings 100. The mould has a bottom 101 and hinged thereto four lockable sides 102. To the opening 100 correspond four bodies 103 (only two are shown) extending from the bottom 101. The parts 99 are formed by means of six ram pieces 104 (only two are shown) connected to each other by means of rods 105. For the pressing of the beams 98 three ram pieces 106 (only one is shown) are provided. The rampieces 106 are connected by means of beams 107, provided to press on the rampieces 104 when the ram formed by the rampieces 106 and the beams 107 is pressed down by means ; of the pressing head.
In Figs. 9 and 10, a mould for another type of pallet is shown. The pallet 115 is similar to the pallet 97 in Fig. 8 and comprises three beams 116 connected by means of a bottom portion 117. However, contrary to the pallet in Fig. 8 the beams 116 are hollow. In each of the outer beams there are three conical blind holes 118 and in the middle beam there are three larger conical blind holes 119. Between said holes .. . . .
.. ,: - , . .
. .
::
~0~011 openings 120 extend through the beams. The holes 118 and 119 are formed by corresponding parts 121 and 122 of a part 123 of the pressing head 124. The surfaces, in the moulding position directed upwards, surrounding said holes 118, 119 are formed by surfaces 131 of said part 123 of the pressing head. The openings 120 are formed by means of slides or retractable cores 126 which are slidable in the wall 127 of the underpart 128 of the mould from an upper position shown to the left in Fi~. 9 to a lower position shown to the right in Fig. 9. The guide in the wall 127 for the sliding movement of the slide 126 is pro-vided with sealing elements so that compound will not be let out through the guide by sliding of the slide 126. The slide or core 126 can be retracted out from the mould by means of ring shaped holders 129.
The surfaces of the beams positioned between the surfaces surrounding the holes 118, 119 are formed by means of , . .
surfaces 130 in further parts 131 of the pressing head 124. ;~
The parts 131 are placed in recesses 132 in the part 123 and will be moved by means of the same by the pressing operation.
The main part of the bottom portion 117 between the beams 116 will be formed by means of the slide 126 when the same is moved towards its lower position. The slides 126 will be moved by means of further parts 133 of the pressing head 124.
~ The part 133 is provided with recesses 134 in which the slide 126 - is positioned when, by lowering the pressing head 124, the , part 133 is moved by means of the part 123. The part 133 further shows surfaces 135 intended to form the remaining part of the bottom portion 117 between the beams 116.
The surface of the bottom portion 117 directed down-wards in the moulding position is formed by means of a bottom plate 136 of the under part of the mould. This plate is movable by means of ejecting bars 137 for the removal of the finished -i(~6tiOl~
pallet out of the mould.
When filling the mould shown in Figs. 9, 10 the parts of the pressing head as well as the slides 1~6, are placed at suitable levels so that the depth of the moulding compound will be ~uited to the different thickness of the finished product. By pressing the part 123, the pressing head 124 is lowered and will bring the parts 131 and 133 along. At the same time~he part 133 will press the slides 126 downwards to the position shown to the right in Fig. 9 and in Fig. 10. Thereby the moulding compound will be pressed between the different parts of the pressing head 124 and the bottom plate 136 of the under part 128 of the mould respectively between the under surface of the slides 126 and said bottom plate. The finished product can be ejected resting on the bottom plate 136 by means of the ejecting bars 137.
Fig. 11 shows an example of a product which can be produced by the method according to the invention in the form of a roof panel. The panel is intended to be laid directly on the roof beams and the panels are intended to be joined together by means of sealing joints 108. The panel is provided with ledges 109 intended to work as carrying elements for pan tiles. In order to make it possible for rain water un~er the tiles to flow down-wards the ledges are provided with notches 110 (Fig. 12).
In Fig. 13 a mould 111 with a pressing head 112 is shown. The mould, which preferably is made as a multiple com-partment mould, is provided for the manufacturing of bottoms 113 of moulding compound for wooden shoes. As is evident from the figure, the cavity for the shoe bottom 113 is laid at an .
oblique angle in relation to the resting surface 114 of the mould. By means of vibrations according to the method of the invention it is possible to direct a flow of mould-ing compound and exert a packing effect towards the heel of the shoe bottom 113, which will increase the strength of the heel.
.
~t ~ .~"
, .................................... . .
.
It is not possible to obtain sufficient strength in the heel in the pressing operation merely by means of the ram 112; the strength in a simple pressing operation or said moulding compound will depend merely upon the thickness in the pressing direction.
However, by means of the present method it is possible to obtain a precompression of the mixture and a packing of the same between the mould and the ram during the pressing operation, by means of which it is possible to obtain the desired strength in all parts of the article.
As described in connection with Fig. 6 the mould can be filled with moulding compounds of different compositions with different characteristics according to the obtainable strength, density and so on. The different compounds have, as described before, to be distributed in a suitable way according to the shape of the mould and the desired characteristics of the manufactured article. In order to obtain this selective distribution the filling will take place in several steps by using boards (37 in Fig. 6), cooperating with the board 17, with openings (38 in Fig. 6) provided to let the moulding compound ~ through. This first compound can then be compressed prior to insertion of further moulding compound. In certain cases therefore the compression can be directed to certain-parts of the mould and/
or to certain parts of the moulding compound in which the density is higher than in the remaining parts as described before.
; The above modification using different moulding compounds is sometimes necessary under special circumstances e.g.
for making products of very complicated shape and special demands of strength. In general it is, however, not necessary to use such a modification as by using the vibrating method according to ~-30 the present invention, products of very complicated shape can also be produced.
In the foregoing only two working stations have been ,~ - 14 -.. . .
~.~
~06t;01~
described ~or the production of plastics or concrete products, i.e. the mould equipped with the vibrators and the hardening (curing) station. After the pressing operation in the mould it ; is most suitable to transport the mould to the hardening station as mentioned before. Even if it is possible to fill the mould - before the pressing operation, it may be more practical to per-form the filling operation and precompression by means of vibrating in a station upstream of the pressing operation and to move the mould stepwise from station to station. In this case at least the precompression station has also to be provided with vibrators of the kind described in connection with Figs. 1-5.
By using a mould according to Figs. 9 and 10, the slide 126 is drawn out during the filling operation. Before the pressing, the slide 126 is now preferably displaced and pushed into the moulding compound in its upper position, which is facilitated by the pointed end of the slide. Thereafter the pressing cycle takes place by moving down the ram 124~ the slide ` 126 following in the downwards direction, said slide occupying , its intended final lower position when the compound below the ~ 20 slide has reached the intended thickness. Thus the compound 3 is compressed in the mould cavity-in an unbroken layer sidewise of the slide by means of the head, but under the slide by means of the slide itself, which during its downwards movement compresses the underlying compound, while compound above the slide can be compressed between the slide and the ram. A slide not vertically displaceable would prevent the moulding compound below the slide being compressed to a sufficient degree.
When producing a pallet 97 according to Fig. 8 the side walls 102 of the mould are raised and locked together. The bottom of the mould cavity forms a plane with the four bodies 103 projecting therefrom. The mould is now connected to the board 17 and the moulding compound filled in a layer suitable to form - ' ,-- 10~
the parts 99. Thereafter the six ram pieces 104 are inserted in the mould and a new layer of moulding compound, suitable to form the beams 98 is filled in the mould in the areas left behind the bodies 103 and the ram pieces 104. sefore the pressing operation the ram 106, 107 is inserted in the mould. By pressing down the same it will press down the ram pieces 1~4 by means of the parts 107. By adjusting the distance between the underside of the ram pieces 106 and the underside of the parts 107~ to the height of the ram pieces 104 it is possible to obtain a suitable compression of the different parts of the pallet g7.
When manufacturing the roof panel of Figs. 11 and 12 it is important to reach a high strength in the ledges 109, which is difficult because of the larger thickness o~ the same compared with the thickness in the remaining part of the panel.
However, by means of the vibrating method according to the present invention it is possible to produce a packing effect sidewards in relation to the pressing direction, which is to the left and to the right in Fig. 11 as viewed with the panel horizontal, i.e. in the direction parallel to the main extension of the panel. Thereby it is possible to obtain a higher pressure in the ledges 109 than is obtainable by means only of the ram pressure. The suitable direction of the packing effect produced by the vibrators of the mould is indicated by means of ~ an arrow to the right in Fig. 11 as viewed with the panel hori-; zontal whereby the direction of the packing effect from the ram is reverse, according to the arrow to the left.
In conventional methods it has been necessary to ease the pressure one or several times during such a setting process in order to let the steam escape, which has resulted 1 30 in rather large rough portions on the surfaces of the products, which portions have had to be removed in a finishing operation.
The positions of the vibrators 28, 29 may be changed, .. . , , . . , ~ ~ . . . ~
.
' as illustrated with an X (see Figs. 2 and 3) indicated at 28l and 291 respectively, and with the net sequence of vibrations directed according to the arrows shown.
.~ , ' ' :
'.', ':
., .
.1 .
,, .
. ' , .
Claims (23)
1. A method for the manufacture of a product from a filled solidifiable moulding compound in dry or viscous liquid form, comprising the step of introducing a moulding compound to a mould composed of a bottom and side wall means defining a mold cavity having an opening giving direct access to the interior thereof, thereafter inserting a ram in said opening to subject the moulding compound to a generally non-elastic pressure in the mould cavity, and subjecting both the mould and the ram to blows producing vibrations predominantly transverse with respect to the direction of the ram pressure, said blows being generated by a plurality of sources synchronised such that the blows to which the mould is subjected are oriented in a direction generally opposite to the direction of the blows to which the ram is subjected.
2. A method according to claim 1 wherein the blows against the ram are produced with a frequency differing from the frequency of the blows against the mould.
3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the blows against at least one of the ram and the mould arise from the superimposition of vibrations at at least two different frequencies.
4. A method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein when initial filling of the moulding compound takes place, an apertured board is located above the mould opening, and the moulding compound is fed through the aperture or apertures in the board into the mould adjacent the side walls of the mould.
5. A method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the blows against at least one of the ram and the mould arise from the superimposition of vibrations at at least two different frequencies, characterized in that when initial filling of the moulding compound takes place, an apertured board is located above the mould opening, and the moulding compound is fed through the aperture or apertures in the board into the mould adjacent the side walls of the mould.
6. A method according to claim 1 or 2 wherein a number of individually displaceable moulds are used in the manufacturing process.
7. A method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the blows against at least one of the ram and the mould arise from the superimposition of vibrations at at least two different frequencies, characterized in that a number of individually displaceable moulds are used in the manufacturing process.
8. A method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, when initial filling of the moulding compound takes place, an apertured board is located above the mould opening, and the moulding compound is fed through the aperture or apertures in the board into the mould adjacent the side walls of the mould, characterized in that a number of individually displaceable moulds are used in the manufacturing process.
9. A method according to claim 1 or 2 wherein a plurality of moulding compounds of different density are introduced to the mould.
10. A method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, when initial filling of the moulding compound takes place, an apertured board is located above the mould opening, and the moulding compound is fed through the aperture or apertures in the board into the mould adjacent the side walls of the mould, characterized in that a plurality of moulding compounds of different density are introduced to the mould.
11. A method according to claim 1 or 2 wherein a number of individually displaceable moulds are used in the manufacturing process, characterized in that a plurality of moulding compounds of different density are introduced to the mould.
12. An apparatus for the manufacturing of a product from a filled solidifiable moulding compound in dry or viscous liquid form, comprising an open mould composed of a bottom portion and side wall means, and a ram for inserting into the mould to enclose the moulding compound therein, a working table provided to carry the mould and opposite thereto a pressing head adapted to be driven under a generally non-elastic pressure towards the table to force the ram into the mould, the table and the pressing head both including vibrators provided to generate blows producing vibrations predominantly transverse with respect to the direction of the ram pressure, said blows being generated by a plurality of the vibrators synchronised so that the vibrators of the table are arranged to produce blows in a direction generally opposite to the direction of the blows generated by the vibrators of the pressing head.
13. An apparatus according to claim 12 wherein each vibrator is individually adjustable concerning its blow vibration frequency and the strength of the resultant blows.
14. An apparatus according to claim 13, wherein each vibrator includes weights, eccentrically arranged on a rotatable driving shaft, said weights being each independently turnable around the driving shaft thereby adjusting the blow strength
15. An apparatus according to claim 12, 13 or 14, wherein the mould is provided with a board for covering the mould opening during the filling of the mould, the board being provided with openings, restricted to predetermined areas of the mould opening in order to enable distribution of respective moulding compounds having different characteristics to different parts of the mould.
16. An apparatus according to claim 12 wherein the mould comprises means for displacing part of said moulding compound filled into the mould, so that before the pressing operation said moulding compound exhibits a depth proportional to the thickness of the desired finished product in order to obtain a proportionally equal compression of the moulding compound in the whole product.
17. An apparatus according to claim 12 wherein the mould further comprises one or more movable parts, which are biased to project in a first position from the bottom of the mould, but which can be displaced by the pressing operation to a lower second position.
18. Apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the means for displacing the moulding compound comprises members adapted for movement from a retracted position, wherein said members are disposed within the walls of the mold, to an extended position wherein said members are disposed inside the mold cavity, the direction of the movement from said retracted position to said extended position being generally transverse relative to the movement of the ram.
19. An apparatus according to claim 16 or 18 wherein the means for displacing the moulding compound are spring loaded and thereby themselves act as pressing organs for the moulding compound existing between said means and the bottom of the mould when pressure is applied to the mould.
20. An apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the means for displacing said moulding compound comprise cavity forming members operatively associated with the ram for insertion into the mould after a first, incomplete filling of the moulding compound to thus shape cavities for subsequent filling by moulding compound, the ram further including pressing members arranged to penetrate into the filled cavities during a subsequent pressing operation.
21. An apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the means for displacing said moulding compound comprise scraping organs displaceable in the moulding compound filled into the mould, which scraping organs are arranged to be guided over the bottom of the mould in a path corresponding to the intended thickness of the moulding compound.
22. An apparatus according to claim 16, wherein a number of hooks are arranged for holding the ram to the mould, said hooks being mounted for resilient movement in a direction opposite to the direction of pressing, whereby the ram pressure can be eased in order to allow escape of gases formed during subsequent curing of the moulding compound.
23. Apparatus according to any one of claims 12, 13 or 14, wherein the ram is composed of a plurality of pressing members, each pressing member being arranged to be pressed down at a required pressing force, said apparatus further comprising lock means for locking said plurality of pressing members to each other in their respective lowermost positions.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US49312574A | 1974-07-30 | 1974-07-30 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1066011A true CA1066011A (en) | 1979-11-13 |
Family
ID=23959003
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA231,584A Expired CA1066011A (en) | 1974-07-30 | 1975-07-16 | Method and apparatus for molding dry or viscous compounds containing filler such as wood particles |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1066011A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1504799A (en) |
| SE (1) | SE393322B (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5182061A (en) * | 1990-07-20 | 1993-01-26 | Nisshinbo Industries, Inc. | Method of vibration-molding friction member |
| GB2339760A (en) * | 1998-07-17 | 2000-02-09 | Thomas Gilligan | Moulded Pallet |
| IT1401385B1 (en) * | 2010-08-06 | 2013-07-18 | Toncelli | VIBRO-COMPRESSION PRESS FOR VACUUM OF SHEETS OR BLOCKS OR ARTICLES OF AGGLOMERATED OR CERAMIC MATERIAL. |
| CN104972547A (en) * | 2014-04-04 | 2015-10-14 | 王佐亮 | Pressing machine for quartz stone |
-
1974
- 1974-12-16 SE SE7415768A patent/SE393322B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1975
- 1975-07-16 CA CA231,584A patent/CA1066011A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-07-29 GB GB31700/75A patent/GB1504799A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB1504799A (en) | 1978-03-22 |
| SE393322B (en) | 1977-05-09 |
| SE7415768L (en) | 1976-02-02 |
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