CA1061634A - Processes for the production of protein-rich nutriments from natural starch and protein-containing materials - Google Patents
Processes for the production of protein-rich nutriments from natural starch and protein-containing materialsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1061634A CA1061634A CA238,174A CA238174A CA1061634A CA 1061634 A CA1061634 A CA 1061634A CA 238174 A CA238174 A CA 238174A CA 1061634 A CA1061634 A CA 1061634A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- yeast
- proteins
- effected
- protein
- starches
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/14—Fungi; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/16—Yeasts; Culture media therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/14—Pretreatment of feeding-stuffs with enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Virology (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Apparatuses For Bulk Treatment Of Fruits And Vegetables And Apparatuses For Preparing Feeds (AREA)
- Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
Processes for the production of nutriments containing a high content of proteins from natural materials such as cereals that contain both starches and proteins which comprises comminuting the said natural materials together with their constituent proteins and starches, subjecting the comminuted materials to hydrolysis in the presence of water and a hydrolyzing agent to convert the starch-es therein to sugars, cultivating a yeast upon the said hydrolyzate.
and subsequently concentrating the resulting yeast-containing fer-mentation brew and drying the same.
Processes for the production of nutriments containing a high content of proteins from natural materials such as cereals that contain both starches and proteins which comprises comminuting the said natural materials together with their constituent proteins and starches, subjecting the comminuted materials to hydrolysis in the presence of water and a hydrolyzing agent to convert the starch-es therein to sugars, cultivating a yeast upon the said hydrolyzate.
and subsequently concentrating the resulting yeast-containing fer-mentation brew and drying the same.
Description
~ 3~ ~
Protein-containing nutriments today are in short supply worldwide. Many attempts have been made and processes have been proposed to produce such proteins in the form of yeast cells from various materials such as paraffin hydrocarbons, methanol, ethanol, etc. All of these processes have the disadvantage that they are to-day still too expensive and that such protein-containing yeast and bacteria are still not suitable for use as nutriments. Other mater-ials such as sugar, molasses, glucose, etc.~ are too expensive as starting materials for this purpose although, when used for the cultivation of yeasts~ they produce products which are well known to be suitable for use as fodder and food.
It has now been found that natural materials such as wheat, barley, rye, and potatoes that are rich in starches and also contain -between 5 and 15% of natural protein can be converted simply and cheaply to hydrolyzates for the cultivation of yeasts while at the same time retaining their natural proteins, thereby enriching the -resulting product and producing a nutriment with a very high content of proteins. The object of the present invention is to provide a process for the production of a nutriment having a high content of protein from natural materials containing starches and proteins.
The foregoing object is accomplished in accordance with the processes of the present invention by subjerting the natural material together with its constituent proteins to comminution and at the same time hydrolyzing its constituent starches in the presence of water to sugars and using the hydrolyzate as a medium for the cultivation of yeast and subsequently drying the fermentation brew containing the yeast.
The process thus consists in first comminuting one of the aforementioned starch-containing materials, subsequently subjecting ~;
them to hydrolysis with water in the presence of a hydrolyzing agent ~ ', .
Protein-containing nutriments today are in short supply worldwide. Many attempts have been made and processes have been proposed to produce such proteins in the form of yeast cells from various materials such as paraffin hydrocarbons, methanol, ethanol, etc. All of these processes have the disadvantage that they are to-day still too expensive and that such protein-containing yeast and bacteria are still not suitable for use as nutriments. Other mater-ials such as sugar, molasses, glucose, etc.~ are too expensive as starting materials for this purpose although, when used for the cultivation of yeasts~ they produce products which are well known to be suitable for use as fodder and food.
It has now been found that natural materials such as wheat, barley, rye, and potatoes that are rich in starches and also contain -between 5 and 15% of natural protein can be converted simply and cheaply to hydrolyzates for the cultivation of yeasts while at the same time retaining their natural proteins, thereby enriching the -resulting product and producing a nutriment with a very high content of proteins. The object of the present invention is to provide a process for the production of a nutriment having a high content of protein from natural materials containing starches and proteins.
The foregoing object is accomplished in accordance with the processes of the present invention by subjerting the natural material together with its constituent proteins to comminution and at the same time hydrolyzing its constituent starches in the presence of water to sugars and using the hydrolyzate as a medium for the cultivation of yeast and subsequently drying the fermentation brew containing the yeast.
The process thus consists in first comminuting one of the aforementioned starch-containing materials, subsequently subjecting ~;
them to hydrolysis with water in the presence of a hydrolyzing agent ~ ', .
- 2 _ ~
,,: ' , to convert the starches therein into fermentable sugars, cultivat-ing a yeast upon the hydrolyzate together with the required amount of water and any additionally required nutrient salts, and then con-centrating and drying the resulting fermentation brew consisting of a suspension or slurry containing the yeast and the original natural protein or amlno acids to which the original natural protein was broken down.
The resulting yeast-containing fermentation brew can be concentrated either by direct evaporation or by drying of the resi-due, or by separation of all or a portion of the water by ultrafil-tration for the purpose of saving its evaporation cost.
FIG. 1 of the accompanying drawings is a flow sheet of a process in accordance with the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a variation of the process represented in FIG. 1 of the drawings.
The processes of the present invention are further describ-ed in the exa~ples which follow, which were selected solely for pur-poses of illustration and consequently are not to be construed as limiting the invention in any way.
The process that is described in this example is represent-ed in the flow sheet that is FIG. 1 of the drawings.
Cereal, such as barley or wheat, for example, which con-tains between approximately 65 and 70% by weight of starches and be-tween 8 and 15% by weight of natural protein is preliminarily crush-ed or ground in a mill 1 and the resulting ground meal or flour in-cluding the accompanying bran which is not separated therefrom is charged directly into a steeper 2 containing water where it is soak-ed and saturated with water.
The steeped cereal meal is then passed into a wet-grinding
,,: ' , to convert the starches therein into fermentable sugars, cultivat-ing a yeast upon the hydrolyzate together with the required amount of water and any additionally required nutrient salts, and then con-centrating and drying the resulting fermentation brew consisting of a suspension or slurry containing the yeast and the original natural protein or amlno acids to which the original natural protein was broken down.
The resulting yeast-containing fermentation brew can be concentrated either by direct evaporation or by drying of the resi-due, or by separation of all or a portion of the water by ultrafil-tration for the purpose of saving its evaporation cost.
FIG. 1 of the accompanying drawings is a flow sheet of a process in accordance with the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a variation of the process represented in FIG. 1 of the drawings.
The processes of the present invention are further describ-ed in the exa~ples which follow, which were selected solely for pur-poses of illustration and consequently are not to be construed as limiting the invention in any way.
The process that is described in this example is represent-ed in the flow sheet that is FIG. 1 of the drawings.
Cereal, such as barley or wheat, for example, which con-tains between approximately 65 and 70% by weight of starches and be-tween 8 and 15% by weight of natural protein is preliminarily crush-ed or ground in a mill 1 and the resulting ground meal or flour in-cluding the accompanying bran which is not separated therefrom is charged directly into a steeper 2 containing water where it is soak-ed and saturated with water.
The steeped cereal meal is then passed into a wet-grinding
- 3 _ :
l mill 3 where it is ground more finely and eventually passed over a screen or sieve 4 where it is freed from bran and coarser particles so that it can be pumped as a slurry.
The screened slurry is then passed into one of two kettles 6 and 6' that are provided with stirring means and into which acid from a supply tank S or an amylase (also known as diastase), Inter-national Union of Biochemistry Number 3.2.1.1., from a supply tank 7, or both, are added. The hydrolysis of the starches is completed in these kettles 6 and 6', which are used in series so that one may be emptied after the hydrolysis is completed therein and recharged while ~, the hydrolysis is still proceeding in the other.
The product of the hydrolysis, the soluble portion of which consists chiefly of fermentable sugars, is passed to a second screen or sieve 8 where fibrous particles and insoluble substances are removed therefrom and the screened liquid is then passed into a fermentor 9 which is provided with a stirrer 10 driven by a motor ll.
Air is supplied to the fermentor 9 through a conduit 12 from a source that is not otherwise represented in the drawingO The fermentor 9 is also provided at its top with a mechanical foam breaker 13 that .. . . .
is driven by a motor 14. The fermentor 9 is also supplied with oth-er control means that are not represented in the drawing but which are desirable and may be used.
A suspension of live growing yeast cells that are to be grown or cultivated together with nutrient salts and water, if re-quired, are then added to the hydrolyzate in the fermentor 9. Air ~-is continuously passed into the hydrolyzate while it is stirred vig-orously and the cultivation is otherwise conducted under conditions suitable for the growth of the selected yeast.
The hydrogen-ion concentration or pH of the resulting brew containing the yeast and natural proteins, together with any amino acids into which the natural proteins have been broken down during I' :
the hydrolysis and fermentation, is then adjusted to a desirable value and the slurry is concentrated by evaporation in a mul-tistage evaporator 16, dried in a drier 17, and collected and distributed in sacks 18 or other suitable packages.
The process that is described in this example is represented in the flow sheet that is FIG. 2 of the drawings.
Barely is coarsely ground in a mill 1 and is conveyed con-tinuously into the mixer 20 provided with a paddle or blade 21.
Water is charged into the mixer 20 through a pipe 19 from a -~
tank not represented in the drawing. The steeped coarsely ground `.
barley is then passed into a wet-grinding mill 2 in which it is `
homogenized and the slurry is then conveyed into a hydrolysis kettle 6 into which an acid or enzyme or a mixture of both is charged from a tank no-t represented in the drawing through a pipe 22. ;
After the hydrolysis has been completed, the hydrolyzate is pumped by means of a metering pump 24 directly into the fermentor 9 to which a suspension of live growing yeast cells, ` j nutrient salts and water, if required, are added and -the culti-vation is effected while a stream of air is continuously charged ;
into the fermentor 9. The hydrogen-ion concentration of ther fermentation medium in the fermentor 9 is adjusted with ammonia -that is charged thereinto from a tank 25 through a pipe 26.
The slurry of yeas-t that was grown in the fermentor 9 is then conveyed through a pipe 15 into the vaporator 16 in which it is concentrated. The hydrogen-ion concentration of the concentrated slurry is then adjusted in a surge chamber 27 after its concentration and the drying and collecting and packagin of the product is completed as described in Example 1.
From 65 to 80 kilograms of a protein concentrate contain-.'' ' ' '.',';,'' ' ~ ' ' .
ing between 55 and 68% of protein is obtained from 100 kilo-grams of starting cereal, depending upon the content of fibrous substances in the starting cereal.
','.'. ," :.,' . .
''"`'" . '' i,.: ;
. . . ' ' ,., ~, .
, ,, ,~ . .
: ' :
,.,~; .':~
`'''` ' .' -6- . -~; . .
.,, . . . ,~ .
~ . ., . :. . i , . . , . ,,, . . . . : .. , ~. , , : . . .:
l mill 3 where it is ground more finely and eventually passed over a screen or sieve 4 where it is freed from bran and coarser particles so that it can be pumped as a slurry.
The screened slurry is then passed into one of two kettles 6 and 6' that are provided with stirring means and into which acid from a supply tank S or an amylase (also known as diastase), Inter-national Union of Biochemistry Number 3.2.1.1., from a supply tank 7, or both, are added. The hydrolysis of the starches is completed in these kettles 6 and 6', which are used in series so that one may be emptied after the hydrolysis is completed therein and recharged while ~, the hydrolysis is still proceeding in the other.
The product of the hydrolysis, the soluble portion of which consists chiefly of fermentable sugars, is passed to a second screen or sieve 8 where fibrous particles and insoluble substances are removed therefrom and the screened liquid is then passed into a fermentor 9 which is provided with a stirrer 10 driven by a motor ll.
Air is supplied to the fermentor 9 through a conduit 12 from a source that is not otherwise represented in the drawingO The fermentor 9 is also provided at its top with a mechanical foam breaker 13 that .. . . .
is driven by a motor 14. The fermentor 9 is also supplied with oth-er control means that are not represented in the drawing but which are desirable and may be used.
A suspension of live growing yeast cells that are to be grown or cultivated together with nutrient salts and water, if re-quired, are then added to the hydrolyzate in the fermentor 9. Air ~-is continuously passed into the hydrolyzate while it is stirred vig-orously and the cultivation is otherwise conducted under conditions suitable for the growth of the selected yeast.
The hydrogen-ion concentration or pH of the resulting brew containing the yeast and natural proteins, together with any amino acids into which the natural proteins have been broken down during I' :
the hydrolysis and fermentation, is then adjusted to a desirable value and the slurry is concentrated by evaporation in a mul-tistage evaporator 16, dried in a drier 17, and collected and distributed in sacks 18 or other suitable packages.
The process that is described in this example is represented in the flow sheet that is FIG. 2 of the drawings.
Barely is coarsely ground in a mill 1 and is conveyed con-tinuously into the mixer 20 provided with a paddle or blade 21.
Water is charged into the mixer 20 through a pipe 19 from a -~
tank not represented in the drawing. The steeped coarsely ground `.
barley is then passed into a wet-grinding mill 2 in which it is `
homogenized and the slurry is then conveyed into a hydrolysis kettle 6 into which an acid or enzyme or a mixture of both is charged from a tank no-t represented in the drawing through a pipe 22. ;
After the hydrolysis has been completed, the hydrolyzate is pumped by means of a metering pump 24 directly into the fermentor 9 to which a suspension of live growing yeast cells, ` j nutrient salts and water, if required, are added and -the culti-vation is effected while a stream of air is continuously charged ;
into the fermentor 9. The hydrogen-ion concentration of ther fermentation medium in the fermentor 9 is adjusted with ammonia -that is charged thereinto from a tank 25 through a pipe 26.
The slurry of yeas-t that was grown in the fermentor 9 is then conveyed through a pipe 15 into the vaporator 16 in which it is concentrated. The hydrogen-ion concentration of the concentrated slurry is then adjusted in a surge chamber 27 after its concentration and the drying and collecting and packagin of the product is completed as described in Example 1.
From 65 to 80 kilograms of a protein concentrate contain-.'' ' ' '.',';,'' ' ~ ' ' .
ing between 55 and 68% of protein is obtained from 100 kilo-grams of starting cereal, depending upon the content of fibrous substances in the starting cereal.
','.'. ," :.,' . .
''"`'" . '' i,.: ;
. . . ' ' ,., ~, .
, ,, ,~ . .
: ' :
,.,~; .':~
`'''` ' .' -6- . -~; . .
.,, . . . ,~ .
~ . ., . :. . i , . . , . ,,, . . . . : .. , ~. , , : . . .:
Claims (13)
1. A process for the production of a nutriment containing a high content of proteins from a natural material that contains both starches and proteins, which process comprises comminuting the said material together with its constituent proteins and starches, subjecting the comminuted raw material to hydrolysis in the presence of water and a hydrolyzing agent to convert the starches therein to sugars, cultivating a yeast upon the said hydrolyzate, and subsequently concentrating the resulting yeast-containing fermentation brew and drying the same.
2. A process as defined in claim 1 in which the natural material is a cereal.
3. A process as defined in claim 1 in which the natural material is a cereal of the group consisting of wheat, barley, and rye.
4. A process as defined in claim 1 in which potatoes are the natural material.
5. A process as defined in claim 1 in which the comminu-tion is effected in a wet-grinding mill.
6. A process as defined in claim 1 in which comminution is effected in a dry grinding mill.
7. A process as defined in claim 1 in which fibrous sub-stances are removed from the comminuted natural material before the material is subjected to hydrolysis.
8. A process as defined in claim 1 in which fibrous sub-stances are removed from the comminuted natural material after the material has been subjected to hydrolysis.
9. A process as defined in claim 1 in which the hydroly-sis is effected in the presence of an acid.
10. A process as defined in claim 1 in which the hydroly-sis is effected in the presence of an amylase, International Union of Biochemistry Number 3.2.1.1.
11. A process as defined in claim 1 in which the hydroly-sis is effected in the presence of both an acid and an amylase, Inter-national Union of Biochemistry Number 3.2.1.1.
12. A process as defined in claim 1 in which the entire fermentation brew containing the yeast that has been cultivated there-in is evaporated to dryness.
13. A process as defined in claim 1 in which a portion of the water in the fermentation brew containing the yeast that has been cultivated therein is separated therefrom by ultrafiltration.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH1463274A CH597770A5 (en) | 1974-10-31 | 1974-10-31 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1061634A true CA1061634A (en) | 1979-09-04 |
Family
ID=4402510
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA238,174A Expired CA1061634A (en) | 1974-10-31 | 1975-10-22 | Processes for the production of protein-rich nutriments from natural starch and protein-containing materials |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5169071A (en) |
| AT (1) | AT343993B (en) |
| AU (1) | AU504061B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1061634A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH597770A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2548641C3 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2289120A1 (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1053799B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20140260464A1 (en) * | 2013-03-12 | 2014-09-18 | WISErg Corporation | Methods and systems for stabilizing organic material |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP5131842B2 (en) | 2008-07-30 | 2013-01-30 | 株式会社東海理化電機製作所 | Switch device |
| CN102845819B (en) * | 2012-08-31 | 2014-11-05 | 成都海科机械设备制造有限公司 | Continuous fermentation machine |
| DE102013111947B4 (en) * | 2013-10-30 | 2015-06-25 | Universität Rostock | Apparatus and method for treating feed |
| CN108464522B (en) * | 2018-01-29 | 2020-07-10 | 陈赛曼 | Aquaculture feed processing equipment |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1692512A1 (en) * | 1968-03-11 | 1971-08-05 | Zuckerfabriken Exp Veb | Process for the production of feed materials with a high protein content |
| US3782964A (en) * | 1969-01-21 | 1974-01-01 | Cpc International Inc | Method of upgrading starch-containing crude gluten |
| DE2121218A1 (en) * | 1971-04-29 | 1972-11-02 | Ho, Ching-Tang, Taichung; Chang, Lin-Huey, Taipei; Taiwan (China) | Glutamic acid and animal fodder prodn - from carbohydrate -contg materials by fermentation |
-
1974
- 1974-10-31 CH CH1463274A patent/CH597770A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1975
- 1975-10-07 AU AU85507/75A patent/AU504061B2/en not_active Expired
- 1975-10-22 CA CA238,174A patent/CA1061634A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-10-27 FR FR7533487A patent/FR2289120A1/en active Granted
- 1975-10-27 IT IT28699/75A patent/IT1053799B/en active
- 1975-10-30 AT AT826875A patent/AT343993B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1975-10-30 JP JP50130956A patent/JPS5169071A/ja active Pending
- 1975-10-30 DE DE2548641A patent/DE2548641C3/en not_active Expired
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20140260464A1 (en) * | 2013-03-12 | 2014-09-18 | WISErg Corporation | Methods and systems for stabilizing organic material |
| US20140273178A1 (en) * | 2013-03-12 | 2014-09-18 | WISErg Corporation | Methods and systems for stabilizing organic material |
| US9181138B2 (en) * | 2013-03-12 | 2015-11-10 | WISErg Corporation | Methods and systems for stabilizing organic material |
| US9403732B2 (en) * | 2013-03-12 | 2016-08-02 | WISErg Corporation | Methods and systems for stabilizing organic material |
| US10053393B2 (en) | 2013-03-12 | 2018-08-21 | WISErg Corporation | Methods and systems for stabilizing organic material |
| US20190023624A1 (en) * | 2013-03-12 | 2019-01-24 | WISErg Corporation | Methods and Systems for Stabilizing Organic Material |
| US10618852B2 (en) | 2013-03-12 | 2020-04-14 | WISErg Corporation | Methods and systems for stabilizing organic material |
| US11053174B2 (en) | 2013-03-12 | 2021-07-06 | WISErg Corporation | Methods and systems for stabilizing organic material |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5169071A (en) | 1976-06-15 |
| AT343993B (en) | 1978-06-26 |
| DE2548641C3 (en) | 1982-04-22 |
| AU504061B2 (en) | 1979-10-04 |
| DE2548641B2 (en) | 1981-05-14 |
| ATA826875A (en) | 1977-10-15 |
| FR2289120A1 (en) | 1976-05-28 |
| IT1053799B (en) | 1981-10-10 |
| DE2548641A1 (en) | 1976-05-06 |
| CH597770A5 (en) | 1978-04-14 |
| AU8550775A (en) | 1977-04-21 |
| FR2289120B1 (en) | 1981-06-19 |
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