AU2021100698A4 - Method of rainwater accumulation and deep infiltration in mountain economic forest - Google Patents
Method of rainwater accumulation and deep infiltration in mountain economic forest Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B11/00—Drainage of soil, e.g. for agricultural purposes
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention discloses a method of rainwater accumulation and deep
infiltration in mountain economic forest, comprising the following steps: digging a
water-fertilizer pit under the tree canopy; determining the location of the water
fertilizer pit and then digging the water-fertilizer pit along the uphill flat ground of fruit
trees; laying a waterproof layer at the bottom of the pit after digging the water
fertilizer pit; placing a drainage pipe in the center of the water-fertilizer pit, then filling
and compacting with a porous organic filling material layer around the drainage pipe
to reach the pit head, covering with soils, trampling and forming a concave shape;
building a 5cm-high square soil ridge 10cm from the soakaway pit wall, covering a
120cmxl20cm plastic film on the square soil ridge; and sealing the perimeter of the
soil ridge with soil, compacting appropriately, repairing along the tree trunk by taking
the water-fertilizer pit as the center to form a semi-circular fish scale pit. This method
combines water-saving irrigation and water- fertilizer integrated technology with soil
and water conservation, which can save and conserve water, conserve and promote
fertilizer, reduce ammonia volatilization, and effectively prevent water and soil loss.
1/2
FIGURES OF THE SPECIFICATION
Digging a water-fertilizer pit under the tree canopy
Determining the location of the water-fertilizer pit and then digging the - 102
water-fertilizer pit along the uphill flat ground of fruit trees
Laying a waterproof layer at the bottom of the pit after digging the water- S103
fertilizer pit
Placing a drainage pipe in the center of the water-fertilizer pit, then filling and 5104
compacting with a porous organic filling material layer around the drainage
pipe to reach the pit head, covering with soils, trampling and forming a
concave shape
Building a 5cm-high square soil ridge 10cm from the soakaway pit wall, S105
covering a 120cmx120cm plastic film on the square soil ridge
V
Sealing the perimeter of the soil ridge with soil, compacting appropriately, S106
repairing along the tree trunk by taking the water-fertilizer pit as the center to
form a semi-circular fish scale pit
Fig. 1
Description
1/2
Digging a water-fertilizer pit under the tree canopy
Determining the location of the water-fertilizer pit and then digging the - 102 water-fertilizer pit along the uphill flat ground of fruit trees
Laying a waterproof layer at the bottom of the pit after digging the water- S103 fertilizer pit
Placing a drainage pipe in the center of the water-fertilizer pit, then filling and 5104 compacting with a porous organic filling material layer around the drainage pipe to reach the pit head, covering with soils, trampling and forming a concave shape
Building a 5cm-high square soil ridge 10cm from the soakaway pit wall, S105 covering a 120cmx120cm plastic film on the square soil ridge
V Sealing the perimeter of the soil ridge with soil, compacting appropriately, S106 repairing along the tree trunk by taking the water-fertilizer pit as the center to form a semi-circular fish scale pit
Fig. 1
Method of rainwater accumulation and deep infiltration in mountain
economic forest
The present invention belongs to the field of agricultural irrigation
technology. In particular, it refers to a method of rainwater accumulation and
deep infiltration in mountain economic forest.
The Loess Plateau is recognized as the largest eugenic area for apples in
the world, and the only eugenic area in China that meets the requirements of
seven climatic indexes for growing apple. The eugenic area of apples on the
Loess Plateau, with high altitude, large temperature difference between day
and night and sufficient sunshine, is conducive to the apple sugar
accumulation and coloring. Meanwhile, it is suitable for apple growth due to
the dry climate, low air humidity, less insect pest, low pest control costs, light
environment pollution, deep less soil layer, and the loessal soil texture with
strong breathable and water-holding capacity. Although the Loess plateau has
a deep soil layer, there is the long-term lack of deep soil improvement, no or
little fertilization, no attention to the reasonable combination of fertilizers, as
well as the continuous and long-term growth and production of fruit trees,
resulting in that the soil is severely consolidated, physical and chemical
properties deteriorate, and fertility declines.
Water and fertilizer are the two important factors playing decisive roles in
agricultural productivity, and there is a strong interdependent relationship
between them. Moreover, agriculture has a heavy consumption of fertilizer and water in China. Therefore, it is an important subject of agricultural scientific research to save water and fertilizer and improve the water and fertilizer use efficiencies. The suitable water and fertilizer conditions are conducive to plant growth. The sustainable development of fruit industry in arid orchards on the Loess Plateau in China seriously could be affected due to the water resource shortage, the uneven distribution of rainwater resource, the unreasonable application of chemical fertilizer and the low utilization rate of water and fertilizer. SUMMARY
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method of rainwater
accumulation and deep infiltration in mountain economic forest, which is
aimed at solving the problem that the shortage of water resources, the uneven
distribution of rainwater resources, the unreasonable application of chemical
fertilizer and the low utilization rate of water and fertilizer in arid orchards on
the Loess Plateau seriously affect the sustainable development of fruit
industry in the arid areas.
The present invention is realized as the following: the method of
rainwater accumulation and deep infiltration in mountain economic forest
comprises the following steps:
Step 1: digging a water-fertilizer pit under the tree canopy;
Step 2: determining the location of the water-fertilizer pit and then digging
the water-fertilizer pit along the uphill flat ground of fruit trees;
Step 3: laying a waterproof layer at the bottom of the pit after digging the
water-fertilizer pit;
Step 4: placing a drainage pipe in the center of the water-fertilizer pit,
then filling and compacting with a porous organic filling material layer around
the drainage pipe to reach the pit head, covering with soils, trampling and
forming a concave shape;
Step 5: building a 5cm-high square soil ridge 10cm from the soakaway pit
wall, covering a 120cmxl2Ocm plastic film on the square soil ridge; and
Step 6: sealing the perimeter of the soil ridge with soil, compacting
appropriately, repairing along the tree trunk by taking the water-fertilizer pit as
the center to form a semi-circular fish scale pit.
The present invention also adopts the following technical measures:
The laying depth of the water-fertilizer pit is 40cm-80cm.
A 100cmx100cm water collection surface is arranged on the upper part of
the water-fertilizer pit, a rainwater collection film is laid on the water collection
surface, which is a 120cmxl2Ocm 0.015mm-thick polyethylene plastic film
and laid at the concave surface on the pinhead of the water-fertilizer pit.
The drainage pipe adopts one of clay pipe and PVC pipe.
The organic filling material layer is composed of 50% of crushed straw,
weeds and branch materials, 20% of organic fertilizer, 20% of Jujube orchard
soil and 10% of chemical fertilizer by mixing evenly.
The present invention has the advantages and positive benefits: the
method of rainwater accumulation and deep infiltration in mountain economic
forest plays an important role in standardizing planting management of the
rapidly developing mountain apple industry in the Loess Plateau; it can be used for the integrated regulation and management technology of upland economic forests, water and fertilizer under water stress in the mountain regions, and also has a certain reference significance for the production in the regions with similar climate and site conditions; this method combines water saving irrigation and water-fertilizer integrated technology with soil and water conservation; compared with the surface irrigation, this method can save and conserve water, conserve and promote fertilizer use eficiency, reduce ammonia volatilization, and effectively prevent water and soil loss; moreover, it has a broad application prospect in the arid and semi-arid fruit industry areas in China due to the advantages of low cost, simple technology, easy operation and good effect .
Fig. 1 shows a flow chart of the method of rainwater accumulation and
deep infiltration in mountain economic forest provided by the embodiment of
the present invention;
Fig. 2 shows a structure diagram of a rainwater accumulation and deep
infiltration device provided by the embodiment of the present invention;
In the figure: 1 - slope surface of the economic forest slope, 2 - rainwater
collection film, 3 - water-fertilizer pit, 4 - waterproof layer, 5 - organic filling
material layer, 6 - water measuring pipe , 7 - fruit tree trunk, 8 - fish scale pit,
9 - drainage pipe, 10 - tree canopy
In order to make technical solution and advantages of the present
invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described
in conjunction with embodiments. It should be understood that various
embodiments described here are only used for explaining the present
invention, not constituting the limitation to the present invention.
The application principle of the present invention is further described in
combination with Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and specific embodiments.
The method of rainwater accumulation and deep infiltration in mountain
economic forest comprises the following steps:
S101: digging a water-fertilizer pit 3 under the tree canopy 10;
S102: determining the location of the water-fertilizer pit 3 and then
digging the water-fertilizer pit 3 along the uphill flat ground of fruit trees;
S103: laying a waterproof layer 4 at the bottom of the pit after digging the
water-fertilizer pit 3;
S104: placing a drainage pipe 9 in the center of the water-fertilizer pit 3,
then filling and compacting with a porous organic filling material layer 5
around the drainage pipe 9 to reach the pit head, covering with soils,
trampling and forming a concave shape;
S105: building a 5cm-high square soil ridge 10cm from the soakaway pit
wall, covering a 120cmxl2Ocm plastic film on the square soil ridge;
S106: sealing the perimeter of the soil ridge with soil, compacting
appropriately, repairing along the tree trunk 7 by taking the water-fertilizer pit
3 as the center to form a semi-circular fish scale pit 8.
A water-fertilizer pit 3 is arranged on the slope surface 1 of the economic
forest slope, a drainage pipe 9 is vertically installed in the middle of the water
fertilizer pit 3, a water-proof layer 4 is laid at the bottom of the water-fertilizer
pit 3, and an organic filling material layer 5 is filled around the drainage pipe 9.
A rainwater collection film 2 is laid on the upper end of water-fertilizer pit 3,
the slope surface 1 of the economic forest slope of water-fertilizer pit 3 is
planted with fruit trees 7, a fish scale pit 8 is arranged around the fruit tree
trunk 7, and a water measuring pipe 6 is vertically installed between the fruit
tree trunk 7 and the water-fertilizer pit 3.
The laying depth of the water-fertilizer pit 3 is 40cm-80cm.
A 100cmxlOOcm water collection surface is arranged on the upper part of
the water-fertilizer pit 3, a rainwater collection film 2 is laid on the water
collection surface, which is a 120cmxl2Ocm 0.015mm-thick polyethylene
plastic film and laid at the concave surface on the pinhead of the water
fertilizer pit 3.
The drainage pipe 9 adopts one of clay pipe and PVC pipe.
The organic filling material layer 5 is composed of 50% of crushed straw,
weeds and branch materials, 20% of organic fertilizer, 20% of jujube orchard
soil and 10% of chemical fertilizer by mixing evenly.
The surface runoff is directly introduced into the water-fertilizer pit 3
through the rainwater collection effect of the plastic film on the upper part of
the water-fertilizer pit 3 or through the slope drainage system. The drainage
pipe 9 adopts one of clay pipe and PVC pipe. The drainage pipe 9 acts
directly on the soil in the root area of the fruit tree trunk 7 along the wall 3 of the water-fertilizer pit for the root system of the fruit tree trunk 7 to absorb and utilize, so as to realize the deep infiltration of rainwater. It is a three dimensional irrigation method in the middle and deep layers.
A 100cmxlOOcm water collection surface is arranged on the upper part of
the water-fertilizer pit 3, a rainwater collection film 2 is laid on the water
collection surface, which is a 120cmxl2Ocm 0.015mm-thick polyethylene
plastic film and laid at the concave surface on the pinhead of the water
fertilizer pit 3.
©1l5cm clay pipe or PVC pipe (forming 01lmm holes evenly at an interval
of 1cm around the pipe wall) is made into drainage pipes 9 with three length
specifications of 40cm, 60cm and 80cm. Rainwater and surface runoff
collected by an impermeable plastic film are directly diverted to the
rhizosphere soil of jujube trees. It can prevent drainage water from
accumulating and infiltrating out of the distribution layer of the root system, a
cattle felt is laid at the bottom of the drainage pipe 9 as the waterproof layer 4
to prevent the deep infiltration loss of collected surface runoff water.
The organic filling material layer 5 is composed of 50% of crushed straw,
weeds and branch materials, 20% of organic fertilizer, 20% of Jujube orchard
soil and 10% of chemical fertilizer by mixing evenly. Straw, weeds, branches
and other materials are used locally; the organic fertilizer is the organic
materials such as horse manure, cow manure, pig manure, chicken manure,
and dung dry, which are composted and fermented at high temperature, and
mashed after being fully decomposed; orchard soil is the local orchard soil;
chemical fertilizers are purchased locally, and the amount of N, P and K fertilizers is in accordance with the Technical Specification for Fertilizing Red
Jujube in Dwarf Close Planting in Mountain Area (GB6127/TO22-2015).
For the orchard with the fruit tree spacing 3m, the water-fertilizer pit 3 is
arranged in the middle of two fruit trees. For the orchard with the fruit tree
spacing >3m, a soakaway pit is arranged on a connecting line of two fruit
trees 90cm from the fruit tree respectively, and there are two water-fertilizer
pits 3 in total.
The combination of the water-fertilizer pit 3 and the fish scale pit 8 has a
better effect. The water-fertilizer pit 3 is arranged in the center of the fish scale
pit 8. The pinhead of the water-fertilizer pit 3 is designed to be a 80cmx80cm
square. The depth of the water-fertilizer pit is designed according to the
orchard with different tree ages: ( the depth of pit in the orchard with the tree
age less than 15 years is set as 40cm; @ the depth of pit in the orchard with
the tree age of 15-20 years is set as 60cm; and @ the depth of pit in the
orchard with the tree age of more than 20 years is set as 80cm.
For the flat orchard, and the orchard with the tree spacing 3m, the
soakaway pit is arranged in the middle of two fruit trees. For the orchard with
the fruit tree spacing >3m, a water-fertilizer pit 3 is arranged on a connecting
line of two fruit trees 90cm from the fruit tree respectively, and there are two
water-fertilizer pits 3 in total.
Next year, prune the branches and clear the garden first after the fruit is
harvested, cut the pruned branches mechanically to 5cm in length, put them
into the sunken area, cover with soil and plastic film. After the technology is applied for 2-3 years, a new water-fertilizer pit 3 is arranged around the other side of the fruit tree.
During the construction period of the water-fertilizer pit 3, porous organic
nutrient base fertilizer in the pit can basically meet the annual growth needs of
jujube trees. The specific measures shall refer to the Technical Specification
for Fertilizing Red Jujube in Dwarf Close Planting in Mountain Area
(GB6127/TO22-2015) if it is needed during the growth period of fruit trees. The
topdressing fertilizer shall be directly applied to the rhizosphere soil of fruit
trees in the form of fertilizer liquid through the drainage pipe 9 for direct
absorption and utilization of fruit trees.
The combination technology of the water-fertilizer pit 3 is an organic
combination of rainwater accumulation technology, rainwater deep drainage
technology and drainage anti-seepage technology through backfilling porous
organic nutrient matrix materials in the water-fertilizer pit 3. Backfilling the
porous organic nutrient base is the key link of water and fertilizer conservation
and efficient use of water and fertilizer. The porous organic nutrient base has
the loose and porous driving characteristics, wherein the organic colloid in the
organic matter can absorb a large number of cations and water molecules,
which has a good function of water and fertilizer conservation, and can
continuously release water and nutrients for the rhizosphere soil of fruit trees
to absorb and use, so as to achieve the efficient utilization effect of water and
fertilizer.
This method was proposed in 2012 and has been tested and popularized
in 7 villages and towns such as Chuankou, Liulin, Zaoyuan, Hezhuangping,
etc. in Baota District (see the attached table).
Attached table: demonstration and popularization area of irrigation
technology and fertilizer increasing and water retaining technology for water
fertilizer pit 3 (unit: 10,000mu)
Villages and 2012 2013 2014 Subtotal Towns 0.01 0.01 0.28 0.3 Chuankou 0.01 0.01 0.18 0.2 Hezhuangping 0.01 0.01 0.28 0.3 Panlong Yaodian 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.07
Fengzhuang 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.07
Liulin 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.03
Zaoyuan 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.03 Total: 0.07 0.07 0.86 1.00
Benefit analysis:
(1) Economic benefits: after the implementation of this project, the yield
per 10,000mu will reach 8 million kg according to the calculation of 800kg per
mu, and the annual increment will reach RMB 32 million according to the
calculation of RMB 4 per kilogram; compared with the past, the force of five
workers can be saved for about RMB 600 per mu through ingenious
fertilization, and RMB 6 million can be saved per 10,000mu; the utilization rate
of fertilizer source can be increased by 40%, the cost of fertilization per mu
can be reduced by RMB 200 according to the calculation of RMB 500, and the cost of fertilization per 10,000mu can be reduced by RMB 2 million; the rainwater collection amount of fertilizer and water implemented in each pit is about 300kg, RMB 300 can be saved according to the general haulage calculation per mu, and RMB 3 million can be saved per 10,000mu. The economic benefit is very considerable, and it has good social benefits to the radiation driving the development of regional economy.
(2) Social benefits: the management level of fruit industry in the
surrounding villages and towns can be promoted steadily through the
demonstration and promotion of this project; by participating in the project
construction, fruit farmers in the project area not only improve their ability of
scientific fruit service and management, but also increase their economic
income, which has a very important social benefit for promoting the
transformation and upgrading of the fruit industry in Bata from traditional type
to modern type.
(3) Ecological benefits: the implementation of fertilizer and water in the pit
is the construction of ecological agriculture mode, mainly taking green and
environmental protection as the theme. The completion of the whole project
not only will not produce link pollution, but also can reduce water and soil loss,
fertilize the soil, improve the land use value and increase the content of soil
organic matter. Meanwhile, it can also improve the vegetation conditions and
protect the ecological environment, realize the virtuous circle development of
fruit industry, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of fruit
industry.
The embodiment described above is only a preferred embodiment of the
present invention and it cannot define the scope of the present invention. Any
modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit
and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope
of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method of rainwater accumulation and deep infiltration in mountain
economic forest, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: digging a water-fertilizer pit under the tree canopy;
Step 2: determining the location of the water-fertilizer pit and then digging
the water-fertilizer pit along the uphill flat ground of fruit trees;
Step 3: laying a waterproof layer at the bottom of the pit after digging the
water-fertilizer pit;
Step 4: placing a drainage pipe in the center of the water-fertilizer pit,
then filling and compacting with a porous organic filling material layer around
the drainage pipe to reach the pit head, covering with soils, trampling and
forming a concave shape;
Step 5: building a 5cm-high square soil ridge 10cm from the soakaway pit
wall, covering a 120cmxl2Ocm plastic film on the square soil ridge; and
Step 6: sealing the perimeter of the soil ridge with soil, compacting
appropriately, repairing along the tree trunk by taking the water-fertilizer pit as
the center to form a semi-circular fish scale pit;
2. The method of rainwater accumulation and deep infiltration in mountain
economic forest according to Claim 1, wherein the laying depth of the water
fertilizer pit is 40cm-80cm;
3. The method of rainwater accumulation and deep infiltration in mountain
economic forest according to Claim 1, wherein a 100cmxlOOcm water collection surface is arranged on the upper part of the water-fertilizer pit, a water collection material is laid on the water collection surface, which is a
120cmxl2Ocm 0.015mm-thick polyethylene plastic film and laid at the
concave surface on the pinhead of the water-fertilizer pit;
4. The method of rainwater accumulation and deep infiltration in mountain
economic forest according to Claim 1, wherein the drainage pipe adopts one
of clay pipe and PVC pipe;
5. The method of rainwater accumulation and deep infiltration in mountain
economic forest according to Claim 1, wherein the organic filling material layer
is composed of 50% of crushed straw, weeds and branch materials, 20% of
organic fertilizer, 20% of jujube orchard soil and 10% of chemical fertilizer by
mixing evenly.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2021100698A AU2021100698A4 (en) | 2021-02-04 | 2021-02-04 | Method of rainwater accumulation and deep infiltration in mountain economic forest |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2021100698A AU2021100698A4 (en) | 2021-02-04 | 2021-02-04 | Method of rainwater accumulation and deep infiltration in mountain economic forest |
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ID=75502297
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113875540A (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2022-01-04 | 兰州大学 | Caragana microphylla afforestation method under difficult-to-live conditions |
| CN114027080A (en) * | 2021-11-05 | 2022-02-11 | 宁夏霄霞生态科技股份有限公司 | Ground cover seedling tortoise back type planting construction method |
| CN114651652A (en) * | 2022-02-15 | 2022-06-24 | 江西省水利科学院 | Method for configuring supplementary planting space of watershed water conservation forest |
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2021
- 2021-02-04 AU AU2021100698A patent/AU2021100698A4/en active Active
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114027080A (en) * | 2021-11-05 | 2022-02-11 | 宁夏霄霞生态科技股份有限公司 | Ground cover seedling tortoise back type planting construction method |
| CN113875540A (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2022-01-04 | 兰州大学 | Caragana microphylla afforestation method under difficult-to-live conditions |
| CN114651652A (en) * | 2022-02-15 | 2022-06-24 | 江西省水利科学院 | Method for configuring supplementary planting space of watershed water conservation forest |
| CN114651652B (en) * | 2022-02-15 | 2023-01-24 | 江西省水利科学院 | Method for configuring supplementary planting space of watershed water conservation forest |
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