AU2020101436A4 - An n-ports universal multimode optical router that supports mode-division multiplexing (mdm) - Google Patents

An n-ports universal multimode optical router that supports mode-division multiplexing (mdm) Download PDF

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AU2020101436A4
AU2020101436A4 AU2020101436A AU2020101436A AU2020101436A4 AU 2020101436 A4 AU2020101436 A4 AU 2020101436A4 AU 2020101436 A AU2020101436 A AU 2020101436A AU 2020101436 A AU2020101436 A AU 2020101436A AU 2020101436 A4 AU2020101436 A4 AU 2020101436A4
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mode
multimode
optical
optical router
waveguide
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AU2020101436A
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Tingting Song
Yiyuan Xie
Hua Yan
Xiaoping Yang
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Southwest University
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Southwest University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/35—Optical coupling means having switching means
    • G02B6/354—Switching arrangements, i.e. number of input/output ports and interconnection types
    • G02B6/356—Switching arrangements, i.e. number of input/output ports and interconnection types in an optical cross-connect device, e.g. routing and switching aspects of interconnecting different paths propagating different wavelengths to (re)configure the various input and output links
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/268—Optical coupling means for modal dispersion control, e.g. concatenation of light guides having different modal dispersion properties
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/2804—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers
    • G02B6/2808—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers using a mixing element which evenly distributes an input signal over a number of outputs
    • G02B6/2813—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers using a mixing element which evenly distributes an input signal over a number of outputs based on multimode interference effect, i.e. self-imaging
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
    • G02B2006/12083—Constructional arrangements
    • G02B2006/1209—Multimode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/25—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
    • H04B10/2581—Multimode transmission

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Optical Integrated Circuits (AREA)

Abstract

With the increasing demand for the transmission capacity of optical networks-on-chip (ONoCs), the traditional multiplexing technology can not meet the demand, and the mode-division multiplexing (MDM) is expected to further improve the system capacity of optical interconnection. However, as an important component of on-chip optical networks, multimode optical routers that support MDM have not been proposed, which will seriously limit the development of ONoCs that can achieve MDM. In this paper, we propose a general multimode optical router model that can realize MDM. Based on the multimode optical router model, we can design different multimode optical routers corresponding to different single-mode optical routers. Then, the insertion loss models of different optical devices are studied. Finally, based on our model, we propose the multimode crux optical router. The transmission loss of different input-output pairs of the multimode optical router is analyzed by input TEO, TE 1 and TE2 mode of 1550 nm. The simulation results show that when TEO mode is input, the insertion loss of the multimode crux optical router ranges from 1.36 dB to 6.64 dB. When TE1 mode is input, the insertion loss of the multimode crux optical router ranges from 2.08 dB to 8.76 dB. And when TE2 mode is input, the insertion loss of the multimode crux optical router ranges from 2.57 dB to 8.38 dB. Portl Port2 Ejection Multimode Port3 I optical router Injection with N ports Port N-1 Port4 Fig. 1 Port1 Input Input Port2 Output Pot (a) (b) Single-mode Optical waveguide signal Fig. 2 -- Mode(de)mu----_, Multimode taper waveguide Input illii| Drop MR M Single-mode Microresonator waveguide * Optical terminater Through Add Fig. 3

Description

Portl Port2
Ejection Multimode Port3 I optical router Injection with N ports
Port N-1 Port4
Fig. 1
Port1 Input
Input Port2
Output Pot (a) (b)
Single-mode Optical waveguide signal Fig. 2
-- Mode(de)mu----_, Multimode taper waveguide Input illii| Drop
MR M
Single-mode Microresonator waveguide
* Optical terminater
Through Add
Fig. 3
Editorial Note 2020101436 There is only five pages of the description
AN N-PORTS UNIVERSAL MULTIMODE OPTICAL ROUTER THAT SUPPORTS MODE-DIVISION MULTIPLEXING (MDM). TECHNICAL FIELD
The invention relates to the field of mode division multiplexing and optical router.
BACKGROUND
Optical network on chips (ONoCs) is a new interconnection technology, which uses optical connections instead of electrical connections. ONoCs overcomes the disadvantages of traditional electrical interconnection, which has the advantages of low delay, high bandwidth, and low power consumption, so it has a broad application prospect in high-speed communication networks. In order to further improve the channel capacity of optical interconnection, many (de)multiplexing technologies have been proposed and studied, such as wavelength-division multiplexing (W DM), code-division multiplexing (CDM) and time-division multiplexing (TDM). Among these multiplexing technologies, wavelength-division multiplexing is the most widely studied. However, recent studies show that WDM technology has been unable to meet the rapidly growing demand for ultra-high bandwidth between and within chips. Different orthogonal optical modes can propagate together in multimode waveguides, so mode-division multiplexing (MDM) can further improve the transmission capability of optical networks. Compared with WDM, MDM only needs one wavelength laser light source and does not need accurate wavelength control, which has attracted wide attention. In recent years, many optical devices for mode multiplexing have been studied, such as mode (de)multiplexers, multimode waveguide bending, multimode waveguide crossing, multimode switches, and mode filter. But the optical routers that can support mode multiplexing have not been proposed. As we all known that optical router is a critical component of on-chip optical network. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the multimode optical router which can realize the mode multiplexing for the construction of the on-chip optical network supporting the mode multiplexing in the future.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention proposes a multimode optical router model that can support TEO and arbitrary higher-order mode transmission based on some mode multiplexed optical devices. Using this multimode optical router model, the multimode optical routers corresponding to different single-mode optical routers can be designed. Then the principle of this multimode optical router model is detailed and the insertion loss models of different mode multiplexing optical devices are proposed. Finally, the single mode Crux optical router are taken as examples to show the structure of its corresponding multimode optical router. The TEO, TE 1 and TE 2 modes of 1550 nm are input, and the transmission loss of the port pairs of the multimode optical router is analyzed. The simulation results show that the average insertion loss of port pairs is lower than 5.28 dB. So the multimode optical router will have great prospects in the field of ONoCs which supports MDM in the future.
SPECIFIC IMPLEMENTATION METHODS
In order to better understand the present invention, the implementation of the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings: The present invention introduces an N-port optical router that supports mode division multiplexing (MDM), as shown in Fig. 1. The implementation of this multimode optical router relies on the multimode waveguide, multimode waveguide bending, multimode waveguide crossing, and multimode turning (MT). The traditional single-mode router is composed of single-mode optical waveguides, single-mode bendings, single-mode crossings, and basic optical switching devices. The basic optical switching devices and single-mode bendings are used to change the transmission direction of optical signals. Similarly, the optical router that allows multiple modes of transmission is composed of multimode waveguides, multimode bendings, multimode crossings and basic optical switching devices. In the design scheme of the multimode optical router, we use multimode waveguide to replace the traditional single-mode waveguide, multimode bending to replace the single-mode bending, multimode crossing to replace the single-mode crossing, and multimode turning to replace the 1x2 parallel switching element (PSE). Fig. 2(a) shows the multimode bending. When the TEX mode passes through the multimode bending, the insertion loss will be generated. And when different modes of the wave pass through multimode bending, the corresponding loss are also different, as follows:
Pmbx -- Lmbx Pin
Where Pin is the input power, Pmbx is the output power and Lmbx is the bending loss of a TEX mode via the multimode bending. Fig. 2(b) is a multimode crossing, similar to the multimode bending, when different modes of optical signal pass through the multimode crossing, the corresponding insertion loss are different. The insertion loss of different modes through multimode crossing can be expressed as:
Pmcx Lmcx 'Pin (2)
Where Pmcx is the power output from Port2, Lmcx is the crossing loss of the multimode crossing. The multimode turning is proposed in this paper, which can change or maintain the transmission direction of optical signals. And its schematic diagram is shown in Fig. 3. Multimode turning includes mode (de)multiplexer, single-mode waveguide, PSE, single-mode bending, single-mode crossing, and optical terminator. In order to analyze the insertion loss of mode turning, we first analyze the loss of its components. Fig. 4(a) and 4(c) represent the transmission direction of the optical signal when the PSE is in OFF state and the PSE is in ON state, respectively. When the PSE is in OFF state, the optical signal is transmitted directly from the Input port to the Through port. And when the PSE is in ON state, the optical signal is coupled into the microring and transmitted to the Drop port. Fig. 4(b) and 4(d) represent single-mode crossing and single-mode bending, respectively. When the fundamental mode passes through these basic devices, the output power of the signal is as follows:
PTp,off Lpse,off - Pin (3) PD,p,on Lpse,on ' Pin (4) Psc Lsc Pin (5) Psb Ls' Pin (6)
Where Lpse,off -0.005dB and Lse,on = 0.5dB are the power loss of each PSE in the OFF and ON states respectively. Lsc = -0.04dB is the single-mode crossing loss and the Lb = -0.005dB is single-mode bending loss. Fig. 5 shows a mode (de)multiplexer, which is designed and implemented based on the asymmetric directional coupler (ADC), and it consists of a single-mode waveguide and a multimode taper waveguide. When the TEO mode is input from port, if the phase matching condition is satisfied, the TEO mode will be converted into different high-order modes in the coupling region due to different multimode tapered waveguide widths, and then output from port3, the output power can be calculated by formula (7). When the TEO mode is input from port2, the mode conversion of TEO mode will not occur, and finally output directly from the port3, the output power can be expressed in formula (8). By using the symmetry characteristics of directional coupler, the inverse process of the multiplexing process can realize the mode demultiplexing function. As shown in the red solid line in Fig. 5, TEO mode and TE, mode input from port3 are demultiplexed. At last, TEO mode will be obtained at port and port2, and their corresponding output power can be calculated by formulas (9) and (10) respectively.
Pmuxx Lmuxx ' Pin (7) Pmuxo Lmuxo ' Pin (8) Pdemuxx Ldemuxx Pin (9) PdemuxO LdemuxO Pin (10)
Where Ldemuxx is the demultiplexing loss coefficient of the TEx mode restored to the TEO mode, Lemuxo is the loss coefficient of the TEO mode passing through multimode tapered waveguide during mode demultiplexing. And the Lmuxx is the mode multiplexing loss coefficient of the TEO mode converted to the TEx mode, the Lmuxo is the loss coefficient of the TEO mode passing through the multimode taper waveguide during mode multiplexing. Through the above analysis of the source of insertion loss of multimode turning, we can obtain the insertion loss between ports of the multimode turning. Since the optical device is used to transmit multiple modes, the insertion loss is varied with the input mode. When the TEX mode is input from the Input port of the multimode turning and finally restored to the TEX mode output from the Through port, the insertion loss generated by this process can be calculated by formula (11), where n is the number of modes supported by the multimode turning, x E (1,2, . . , n). As can be seen from Fig. 3, when the input port is Through port and the output port is Input port, the insertion loss can also be calculated by formula (11). In addition, because the device has symmetrical characteristics, when the input port is Add port, the output port is Drop port, and the input port is Drop port, the output port is Add port, their insertion loss are equal to equation (11). Similarly, when the TEX mode is input from the Input port of this multimode turning and finally restored to the TEX mode output from the Drop port, the insertion loss generated by this process can be calculated by formula (12). For TEO mode, when it is input from the Input \ Through \ Add \ Drop port of the multimode turning and output from the Through \ Input \ Drop \ Add port, the insertion loss can be calculated using Equation (13). And when the TEO mode is input from the Input port and output from the Drop port, the corresponding insertion loss can be calculated by Equation (14).
PTx Ldemuxx Lpseoff L mLmuxxPin (11) PDx demuxx 'pse,on s LmuxxPin (12)
PTO - Ldemuxo -Lsb - Lpse,off -c - LmuxoPin (13)
PDO Ldemuxo Lpse,on Pb (14)
Finally, based on the single-mode Crux optical router, we design its corresponding multi-mode optical router. Fig. 6 shows the multimode Crux optical router that can support MDM, which is composed of multimode waveguides, multimode crossings, multimode bendings and multimode turnings. Besides, in the simulation example, the input power is 0 dBm and the other parameters used are shown in table. We use MATLAB to simulate the transmission loss of different port pairs of the multimode router for input TEO, TE 1 and TE 2 mode, as shown in Fig. 7, Fig. 8 and Fig. 9. We use 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 to represent the Injection/Ejection, North, East, South and West. For example, 13 in the abscissa represents the TEO mode transfer from North port to South port. The simulation results show that the insertion loss between the ports of multimode optical routers constructed by our method is small. And the transmission loss of the corresponding port pair is not much different when the multimode optical router transmits different mode signals. It is believed that with the research of multimode bending, multimode crossing and mode (de)multiplexer, the insertion loss of different high-order modes through them will be reduced. Therefore, the insertion loss of multimode optical router designed by our model will be greatly reduced and its performance will be greatly improved.
Table 1. Loss values.
Parameter Value Parameter Value
LmbO -0.40dB Ldemuxo -0.17dB
Lmbi -0.70dB Ldemux1 -0.27dB
Lmb 2 -0.84dB Ldemux 2 -0.13dB Lmco -0.20dB Lmuxo -0.17dB
Lmc1 -0.55dB Lmux 1 -0.13dB
Lmc 2 -0.59dB Lmux 2 -0.09dB
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1: Multimode optical router with N ports. Fig. 2: The basic elements in single-mode optical router. (a) PSE in OFF state. (b) Waveguide crossing. (c) PSE in ON state. (d) Waveguide bending. Fig. 3: The basic elements in multimode optical router. (a) multimode bending. (b) multimode crossing. Fig. 4: Multimode turning. Fig. 5: Mode (de)multiplexer for TE, mode. Fig. 6: The multimode Crux optical router that support MDM. Fig. 7: Transmission loss of each TEO mode signal of the multimode Crux optical router. Fig. 8: Transmission loss of each TE1 mode signal of the multimode Crux optical router. Fig. 9: Transmission loss of each TE 2 mode signal of the multimode Crux optical router.

Claims (5)

  1. Editorial Note 2020101436 There is only one page of the claim
    The claims defining the invention are as follows: 1. An N-port optical router supporting mode division multiplexing (MDM). The optical router can improve the transmission capacity of the optical fiber communication system by using the multimode optical devices to support the simultaneous transmission of multiple modes. The invention is mainly composed of multimode waveguide, multimode waveguide bending, multimode waveguide crossing and multimode turning. In addition, for the different modes of the signal, the port-to-port transmission loss calculation model of the multimode optical router is established.
  2. 2. Mode turning (subject to claim 1). A mode turning is designed by using the characteristics that the mode (de)multiplexers can select the desired mode for transmission and the microring resonator can change the transmission direction of the optical signal. The mode turning is composed of four mode (de)multiplexers, single mode waveguide, single mode crossings, single-mode bendings, microring resonators, and optical terminals. The four mode (de)multiplexers correspond to four ports, namely Input, Drop, Add and Through. When the TE, mode of the signal enters the mode turning, it is first demultiplexed to the TEO mode. And then the TEO mode is multiplexed from one port to the corresponding TE, mode by controlling the switching state of the microring resonator.
  3. 3. Expression of insertion loss between two ports of mode turning (subject to claim 1). According to the power loss of mode (de)multiplexers, the power loss of single mode crossing, the single-mode bending and the parallel switching element (PSE), we derive the expression of insertion loss between two ports of mode turning for different high order modes and TEO mode.
  4. 4. A method for converting a traditional single-mode optical router into a corresponding multimode optical router that supports MDM (subject to claim 1). We use multimode waveguide to replace single-mode waveguide, multimode waveguide crossing to replace single-mode waveguide crossing, multimode waveguide bending to replace single-mode waveguide bending, and multimode steering to replace PSE. The transmission direction of TE, mode can be changed by multimode bending and mode turning. So that we can control TEO mode transfer from one port of the multimode optical router to the destination port.
    Fig. 1
    Fig. 2
    Fig. 3
    Fig. 6 Fig.
  5. 5 Fig. 4
    Fig. 9 Fig. 8 Fig. 7
AU2020101436A 2020-07-21 2020-07-21 An n-ports universal multimode optical router that supports mode-division multiplexing (mdm) Ceased AU2020101436A4 (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112084653A (en) * 2020-09-07 2020-12-15 西安电子科技大学 On-chip optical interconnection analysis graphical method and device, router and evaluation platform
CN114513712A (en) * 2022-03-16 2022-05-17 中国科学院半导体研究所 Multi-mode optical routing unit

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112084653A (en) * 2020-09-07 2020-12-15 西安电子科技大学 On-chip optical interconnection analysis graphical method and device, router and evaluation platform
CN112084653B (en) * 2020-09-07 2024-02-23 西安电子科技大学 On-chip optical interconnection analysis imaging method, device, router and evaluation platform
CN114513712A (en) * 2022-03-16 2022-05-17 中国科学院半导体研究所 Multi-mode optical routing unit
CN114513712B (en) * 2022-03-16 2023-03-14 中国科学院半导体研究所 Multimode optical routing unit

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