AU2020100986A4 - A BSWs nano-microscopic imaging device based on coaxial dual-waveguide fiber - Google Patents
A BSWs nano-microscopic imaging device based on coaxial dual-waveguide fiber Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 101100005766 Caenorhabditis elegans cdf-1 gene Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004422 calculation algorithm Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005459 micromachining Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000000386 microscopy Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004624 confocal microscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004807 localization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018199 S phase Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012984 biological imaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004925 denaturation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036425 denaturation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001917 fluorescence detection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000799 fluorescence microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007850 fluorescent dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001215 fluorescent labelling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001093 holography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002120 nanofilm Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002186 photoactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000492 total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/55—Specular reflectivity
- G01N21/552—Attenuated total reflection
- G01N21/553—Attenuated total reflection and using surface plasmons
- G01N21/554—Attenuated total reflection and using surface plasmons detecting the surface plasmon resonance of nanostructured metals, e.g. localised surface plasmon resonance
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02004—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating characterised by the core effective area or mode field radius
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02042—Multicore optical fibres
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/04—Processes or apparatus for producing holograms
- G03H1/08—Synthesising holograms, i.e. holograms synthesized from objects or objects from holograms
- G03H1/0866—Digital holographic imaging, i.e. synthesizing holobjects from holograms
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Abstract
The invention provides a Bloch Surface Waves (BSWs) nano-microscopic imaging device based
on coaxial dual-waveguide fiber (CDF). Its characteristics are: it consists of a CDF 1, a CDF
Coupler 2, a camera 3, a computer 4, a light source 5 and a fiber 6. A sufficiently large wave
vector can excite the surface of the multi-layer dielectric film base to produce BSWs, which is
very sensitive to environmental changes. Using the annular core 1-2 of the CDF to have the laser
excite the BSWs to interact with the sample, eliminating the trailing of the BSWs on the sample.
Simultaneously, using the middle core of the CDF to collect scattered light, and process via the
camera to obtain a high signal-to-noise ratio and high resolution imaging. The invention uses
special fibers that effectively reduce costs and optimize structure, achieving portable high signal
to-noise ratio and high-resolution micro-nano-microscopic imaging.
1/4
DRAWINGS
4F
computer
camera
light source 5
FIG. 1
1-2
FIG. 2
Description
1/4 DRAWINGS
4F
computer
camera
light source 5
FIG. 1
1-2
FIG. 2
A BSWs nano-microscopic imaging device based on coaxial dual-waveguide fiber
[0001] The invention relates to a Bloch Surface Waves (BSWs) nano-microscopic imaging
device based on coaxial dual-waveguide fiber (CDF), which belongs to the field of optical fiber
microscopic imaging.
[0002] Optical microscopes are the most common and effective tool for scientific research in
optical detection. When using a conventional microscope, the minimum distance between two
objects that can be clearly distinguished depends on the limits of the microscope. In order to
better observe the microscopic world, researchers are dedicated to develop various methods to
improve resolution. Ultra-resolution imaging technology also continues to make breakthroughs,
typically represented by Confocal Microscopy, Excited Emission Depletion Microscopy (STED),
Photo Activation Localization Microscopy (PALM) and etc. It is worth noting that the optical
paths used in all of the ultra-resolution imaging techniques here are far-field leak radiation
imaging systems.
[0003] Fluorescence detection is an important tool in the biological sciences. Surface binding
techniques capturing antibodies DNA oligomers or target molecules and etc. are often used in
clinical diagnostics and DNA analysis. For example, "In situ single-molecule imaging with
attoliter detection using objective total internal refection confocal microscopy" and "Eyen
illumination in total internal refection fluorescence microscopy using laser light" propose a total
internal reflection (TIR) generated evanescent waves that can be used for light field surface
imaging. Using TIR method to measure, the incident light needs to be greater than the critical
angle to incident, exciting the evanescent field, the longitudinal penetration depth of the
evanescent field is about 100nm, which is a kind of local electromagnetic field. This local
electromagnetic field allows selective observation of biomolecules on the sample surface, and
this technique is critical in optical fields such as cellular and molecular biology. Using TIR
illumination can selectively image the sample surface, minimizing the phase background signal
and improving the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).
[0004] Many methods based on surface signal detection fail to collect fluorescent signals that are
weakly bound to the surface. However, for many types of biological imaging experiments, the
detection of the sample's phase radiation signal can also provide a useful signal, thus requiring
both measurement of fluorescence signals in tightly bound molecules and measurement of phase
target molecular signals. In these cases, selectively exciting surface or phase target molecules is
very useful. Surface binding fluorescence signal measurements allow the phase signals to be
minimally collected, thus saving the step of washing away unbound fluorophores. However, TIR
has difficulty in obtaining the long evanescent depth of the electromagnetic field, so it is difficult
to detect the phase signal. Fluorescence microscope is a typical means of wide-field illumination
or phase imaging away from glass substrate surface. Surface or phase imaging can be achieved
using total internal refection fluorescence (TIRFM) and fluorescence microscope, respectively;
however, it is difficult to achieve simultaneous bursts of both types of imaging. Simultaneously
achieving the switching between the two imaging technologies requires precise mechanical
alignment, which is difficult to perform in practice.
[0005] The emergence of surface wave microscopy solves the above difficulty, surface wave microscopy is the use of surface waves, mainly the BSWs of metal and air cross-section, as an illumination light source, using its strong localization of propagation on the surface and high sensitivity to the perturbation at the interface, to achieve high-sensitivity imaging of surface samples near the metal film layer. Chinese patent CN103837499A proposes a micro-zone spectroscopic measurement device based on broadband surface plasma wave, mainly using high numerical aperture microscope and broadband radially polarized light or radially polarized white light to construct the spectroscopic measurement device. High spatial resolution can be obtained based on this device. Chinese patent CN105628655A proposes an optical microscope based on BSWs with a high resolution and without fluorescence labeling, which excites plasma surface resonance on a plasma resonance sensing chip, thereby obtaining a high spatial resolution. The main microscopic techniques mentioned above have significant limitations in their practical applications, the problems being:
[0006] 1. Poor SNR. During the traditional surface wave microscopic imaging, the surface wave of the excitement field and the scattered surface wave of the sample will interfere with each other, and a strong trailing will be formed along one side of the excitement direction of the sample, the trailing length is equal to the decay length of the surface wave along the surface, and the signal of the trailing and the sample scattered signal will be leaked down and collected by the imaging system, significantly reducing the imaging SNR.
[0007] 2. Poor spatial resolution. Also due to the trailing, when imaging actual samples with boundaries by the traditional surface wave imaging system, streaky trailing is produced at the boundaries, which significantly reduces the resolution.
[0008] 3. Poor temporal resolution. The surface wave imaging system developed in recent years, in order to improve the resolution, often requires multi-length multi-angle acquisition of images, and then use the algorithm to eliminate the imaging trailing to improve the resolution. The problem posed is that each microscopic image takes a lot of time to obtain, and the temporal resolution is poor, making it impossible to make real-time observations.
[0009] 4. A single, costly working environment. Traditional surface wave imaging systems use
only one type of base, the metal film, as an imaging base, has special requirements for the
working environment. It cannot work in water, is also prone to oxidation, cannot be reused and is
costly.
[0010] Chinese patent CN109239020A proposes a surface wave imaging system based on rotary
illumination, which eliminates the trailing of the surface wave after it acts on the sample through
a galvanom scanning system, and improves the SNR and resolution of surface wave microscopy
imaging. However, devices used are of various types and large volume, which makes it heavy
and inconvenient.
[0011] Single-fiber imaging uses one multi-mode fiber for imaging, which is both an imaging
device and a transmitting device, allowing a scene within the field of view of one part of the
fiber to be transmitted to the other end at once without the need for additional scanning devices
and imaging lenses, and belongs to a wide-field fiber imaging technology. After nearly 10 years
of development, single fiber imaging technology has made great progress in imaging
mechanism, imaging quality and applied research, but there are still many deficiencies in the
imaging speed and resolution.
[0012] The invention discloses a BSWs nano-microscopic imaging device based on CDF.
Overcoming the deficiencies of traditional surface wave imaging microscopy with low SNR,
poor temporal and spatial resolution and high cost. It uses a CDF, which uses BSWs waves to
acquire high resolution and high SNR scattering signals, and in the meantime uses fiber imaging
to acquire images. The simulation of BSWs and acquisition of image signal uses the same fiber.
High-quality images can be obtained and portable microscopic detection imaging can be
achieved.
[0013] The purpose of the invention is to provide a surface-enhanced nano-microscopic assistant
device with a simple structure, good stability, low cost and easy assembly, which enables real
time observation of non-fixed surface samples, obtaining high SNR and high resolution imaging
of surface samples based on a CDF BSWs nano-microscopic imaging device.
[0014] The purpose of the invention is achieved as follows:
[0015] A BSWs nano-microscopic imaging device based on CDF, it consists of a CDF 1, a CDF
Coupler 2, a camera 3, a computer 4, a light source 5 and a fiber 6. Its characteristics are: the
light emitted by the light source 5 passes through the CDF-Coupler 2 via a beam of the fiber 6,
enters the annular core 1-2 of the CDF 1, after the micromachining of the fiber end so that the
linearly polarized light and the multi-layer dielectric film base of the fiber taper circular table
end can be at a specific angle, the angle can be calculated based on known parameters. The laser
passes through the annular core 1-2 of the CDF 1 to form a beam of light illumination sample
with a specific incidence angle, which has a large enough wave vector to effectively excite the
existing BSWs in the surface multi-layer dielectric film base. When the BSWs propagate through
the sample, it emits scattered signal light and surface trailing. The laser is incident by the annular
core 1-2 of the CDF 1 and excites the BSWs in 360 degrees, which can effectively eliminate
surface trailing. The scattered light is collected by the middle core 1-1 of the CDF 1 connected to
the camera 3, and an interferogram is formed on the camera 3 with another beam of light from
the light source. The computer 4 using an off-axis digital holographic algorithm to restore the
image on computer by using the value and the phase of the image extracted from the fiber, so that high resolution and contrast surface wave microscopic imaging can be achieved.
[0016] The annular core 1-2 of the CDF 1 is an optical fiber with a symmetrical circular waveguide along the axis and has a large core diameter fiber core in the middle. As shown in FIG. 2, 1-2 is the annular core of the CDF, 1-1 is the middle core of the CDF. This middle core has a larger diameter and scatters signal light that will contain the image information in the light field. Information including intensity distribution, phase distribution and beam wavefront and etc. is input into the computer 4 by the camera 3 and the image is transformed by processing.
[0017] The imaging method of the BSWs nano-microscopic imaging device based on CDF uses the principle of single multi-mode fiber imaging. The principle of single multi-mode optical fiber imaging is described in details in the literature "Scanner-Free and Wide-Field Endoscopic Imaging by Using a Single Multimode Optical Fiber". As shown in FIG. 7, the laser emits a laser to split the light in two, then uses a reflector to reflect the transmitted light and coupled to the optical fiber via the reflector BS2, then the other end of the fiber is the plane to be measured OP, illuminates the target object. Then the light collected by the fiber returns to the IP and enters the camera, and is combined with the light reflected into the camera via BS3 by the B Ibeam to form an interference image in the camera. The off-axis digital holographic algorithm is used to extract the value and phase of the image from the fiber to restore the image on the computer.
[0018] The imaging method of the BSWs nano-microscopic imaging device based on CDF is optimized and improved based on the single multi-mode fiber imaging described above. Using the CDF, which can replace the complex optical path in FIG. 7. The light source 5 divides the light into two beams via the fiber 6, one beam of light enters the annular core 1-2 of the CDF 1 via the CDF-Coupler 2, and the BSWs illumination sample is excited by converging at the other end of the CDF, and the scattered light passes through the middle core 1-1 of the CDF 1 via the CDF-Coupler, then passes through fiber 6 and form an interference image on the camera 6 with another beam of light from the light source 5, using an off-axis digital holography algorithm to extract the value and phase of the image from the fiber to restore the image on the computer.
[0019] The multi-layer dielectric film base is to plate the CDF end face with a multi-layer non
metallic dielectric, which is resistant to oxidative denaturation and can be repeatedly cleaned for
use.
[0020] The multi-layer dielectric film base can support the BSWs mode by processing a
nanoscale thickness film; by varying the refractive index and thickness of the individual layers it
can be designed to support multi-layer dielectric nano-films with different wavelengths and types
of BSWs modes (TE/TM) as imaging base. As shown in FIG. 4, through theoretical calculations
to obtain properties of the reflectance with the incident angel 0 of S wave and P wave BSWs, and
obtain the best incident angle with the best resonance effects. From FIG. 4, it can be seen that
both S wave and P wave can produce resonant effects that excite BSWs. The resonance peak
obtained for the incidence angle 0 chosen gives the best effect.
[0021] The CDF 1 used in the system, use the parameters of the multi-layer dielectric film base
and the known ambient refractive index, to obtain the relationship diagram of the BSWs
reflectance with the resonance angle, and the best incident angle is obtained. The CDF 1 with the
desired angle 0 at the end of the cone fiber is obtained by the micromachining process as shown
in FIG. 3.
[0022] The BSWs nano-microscopic imaging device based on CDF is an annular core 1-2
transmission light source of CDF 1 with an angle of 0. As shown in FIG. 5, the laser can excite
BSWs in 360 degrees surrounding the center, thereby eliminating the imaging surface trailing
caused by single direction of the BSWs enhanced effects, and eventually obtain high SNR and
high-resolution images.
[0023] The BSWs nano-microscopic imaging device based on CDF, wherein the scattering light enters the camera 3 by the middle core 1-1 of the CDF and is processed by the computer 4 to obtain high resolution and high SNR images.
[0024] The BSWs nano-microscopic imaging device based on CDF enables portable microscopic imaging.
[0025] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the BSWs nano-microscopic imaging device based on CDF, including a CDF 1, a CDF-Coupler 2, a camera 3, a computer 4 and a light source 5.
[0026] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a CDF, with 1-2 being the annular core of the CDF and 1-1 being the middle core of the CDF.
[0027] FIG. 3 is a diagram of the grinding process of the annular core 1-2 of the CDF 1, start grinding with FIG. (a), with the fiber and the grinding disc rotating simultaneously to ensure symmetry of the processed fiber; (b) is a diagram of the grinding process; (c) is a diagram of the effect of the finished grinding; and (d) is the definition of the fiber grinding angle.
[0028] FIG. 4 is a diagram of the BSWs energy reflectance in relation to the angle of the incident wave.
[0029] FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a 360-degree excited BSWs.
[0030] FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a CDF taper, 8 is a multi-layer dielectric film, and 7 is a small ball to be measured.
[0031] FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the principle of a single multi-mode fiber imaging.
[0032] The invention is further described below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
[0033] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a BSWs nano-microscopic imaging device based on CDF of the invention, the structure comprises a CDF 1, a CDF-Coupler 2, a camera 3, a computer 4, and a light source 5, wherein the end surface structure of the CDF 1 is shown in FIG. 2.
[0034] Embodiment 1:
[0035] Firstly, the multi-layer dielectric film base 1 is fabricated, and the glass plate is coated with 10 layers of alternating refractive index nano dielectric films with materials being Si02 and
Si3 N 4 . The thickness of each layer is 240nm, 88nm, 105nm, 88nm, 105nm, 88nm, 105nm, 88nm, 105nm, 88nm, 105nm, 88nm, 105nm and 88nm. From this film parameters, calculate the relationship between the BSWs and the angle of incident light as shown in FIG. 4, respectively showing the relationship diagram of S wave and P wave. The first resonant peak chosen has a corresponding angle of 42 degrees.
[0036] Using 42 degrees as the 0 angle, grind the CDF 1 as the method shown in FIG. 3 to obtain
a taper end with an angle of 0.
[0037] In the composition: the light emitted by the light source 5 passes through the CDF
Coupler 2 via a beam of the fiber 6, enters the annular core 1-2 of the CDF 1, after the
micromachining of the fiber end so that the linearly polarized light and the multi-layer dielectric
film base of the fiber taper circular table end can be at a specific angle, the angle can be
calculated based on known parameters. The laser passes through the annular core 1-2 of the CDF
1 to form a beam of light illumination sample with a specific incidence angle, which has a large
enough wave vector to effectively excite the existing BSWs in the multi-layer dielectric film
base. When the BSWs propagate through the sample, it emits scattered signal light and surface
trailing. The laser is incident by the annular core 1-2 of the CDF 1 and excites the BSWs in 360
degrees, which can effectively eliminate surface trailing. The scattered light is collected by the
middle core 1-1 of the CDF 1 connected to the camera 3, and an interferogram is formed on the
camera 3 with another beam of light from the light source. The computer 4 using an off-axis
digital holographic algorithm to restore the image on computer by using the value and the phase
of the image extracted from the fiber, so that high resolution and contrast surface wave
microscopic imaging can be achieved.
Claims (3)
1. A Bloch Surface Waves (BSWs) nano-microscopic imaging device based on coaxial dual
waveguide fiber (CDF), it is characterized by: it consists of a CDF 1, a CDF-Coupler 2, a camera
3, a computer 4, a light source 5 and a fiber 6. In the composition: the light emitted by the light
source 5 passes through the CDF-Coupler 2 via a beam of the fiber 6, enters the annular core 1-2
of the CDF 1, after the micromachining of the fiber end so that the linearly polarized light and
the multi-layer dielectric film base of the fiber taper circular table end can be at a specific angle,
the angle can be calculated based on known parameters. The laser passes through the annular
core 1-2 of the CDF 1 to form a beam of light illumination sample with a specific incidence
angle, which has a large enough wave vector to effectively excite the existing the BSWs exist in
the multi-layer dielectric film base. When the BSWs propagate through the sample, it emits
scattered signal light and surface trailing. The laser is incident by the annular core 1-2 of the
CDF 1 and excites the BSWs in 360 degrees, which can effectively eliminate surface trailing.
The scattered light is collected by the middle core 1-1 of the CDF 1 connected to the camera 3,
and an interferogram is formed on the camera 3 with another beam of light from the light source.
The computer 4 using an off-axis digital holographic algorithm to restore the image on computer
by using the value and the phase of the image extracted from the fiber, so that high resolution
and contrast surface wave microscopic imaging can be achieved.
2. As claimed in claim 1, a BSWs nano-microscopic imaging device based on CDF, the CDF
1 used is an optical fiber with a symmetrical circular waveguide along the axis and has a large
core diameter fiber core in the middle.
3. As claimed in claim 1, a BSWs nano-microscopic imaging device based on CDF, its
characteristics are: by the use of the annular core 1-2 of the CDF 1 to transmit incident light,
which can simultaneously excite BSWs in 360 degrees, thereby eliminating the imaging surface
trailing caused by single direction excitement of the BSWs. Using the annular core 1-2 of the
CDF 1 to collect backscattered light, adopting the fiber imaging technology to obtain high
signal-to-noise ratio and high-resolution images.
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Cited By (1)
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CN110596100A (en) * | 2019-09-07 | 2019-12-20 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Bloch wave nano microscopic imaging device based on coaxial double-waveguide optical fiber |
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CN110596100A (en) * | 2019-09-07 | 2019-12-20 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Bloch wave nano microscopic imaging device based on coaxial double-waveguide optical fiber |
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