AU2006345338B2 - A random, nondestructive and dynamic testing apparatus and method of the stressed state of a roof bolt - Google Patents
A random, nondestructive and dynamic testing apparatus and method of the stressed state of a roof bolt Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AU2006345338B2 AU2006345338B2 AU2006345338A AU2006345338A AU2006345338B2 AU 2006345338 B2 AU2006345338 B2 AU 2006345338B2 AU 2006345338 A AU2006345338 A AU 2006345338A AU 2006345338 A AU2006345338 A AU 2006345338A AU 2006345338 B2 AU2006345338 B2 AU 2006345338B2
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- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- rock bolt
- accelerometer
- rock
- dynamic
- intelligent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 117
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003245 working effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007586 pull-out test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/007—Measuring stresses in a pipe string or casing
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/02—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection having means for indicating tension
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/10—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of frequency of stressed vibrating elements, e.g. of stressed strings
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Geophysics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
- Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)
Description
WO 2007/137466 PCT/CN2006/003545 A Random, Nondestructive and Dynamic Testing Device and Method of the Stressed State of a Rock Bolt Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a random, nondestructive, and dynamic testing method of the stressed state of a rock bolt, and is especially applicable to online monitoring of service state of pre-stressed rock bolts or anchor ropes used in mines, tunnels, or on side slopes, as well as online monitoring of service state of rock bolts or anchor ropes used in mines, tunnels, or on side slopes. Background of the Invention Rock bolt supporting is widely used for reinforcement and supporting of underground works and enclosing rocks for side slopes; especially rock bolt supporting is widely used in coal mines. Presently, the annual total footage of underground workings in state-owned coal mines exceeds 10 million meters, and the amount of rock bolts for supporting is as large as 40 million rock bolts; however, in the 40 million rock bolts, it is uncertain how many rock bolts are providing reinforcement effect to underground works and enclosing rocks for side slopes. In face, different rock bolts or rock bolts arranged closely to each other may bear different tensile stresses, depending on the nature of enclosing rocks and the construction quality; in addition, the stress in the same rock bolt may change in the service life of the rock bolt, due to stress redistribution or geologic movement during the mining process; if the support strength is too weak, the enclosing rocks will be unsafe; if the support strength is too high, material waste will occur. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the stressed state of rock bolts in real time. At present, there are typical two methods for monitoring of safety and stability of rock bolts. One monitoring method is to utilize deep-hole multi-point displacement meter, displacement convergence meter, or roof-board separation indicator, etc. to monitor dislocation. However, since displacement is a cumulative effect of action of force, such a monitoring method is time-lagged, and has poor timeliness feature. The other monitoring method is to utilize torque wrench, force-measuring rock bolt, drawing meter, wire strain meter, or hydraulic pillow-type dynamometer, etc. to test stress. Stress measurement with torque wrench can only be used to estimate pre-tightening force from the torque measured when the rock bolt is mounted, and is low in accuracy. Stress measurement with rock bolt extensometer is to use a special rock bolt attached with strain foils to measure the stress of the rock bolt in the enclosing rocks, and therefore can't be used to carry out stress monitoring for any ordinary rock bolt. Stress measurement with wire strain meter or hydraulic pillow-type dynamometer is to mount the wire strain meter or hydraulic pillow-type dynamometer between the enclosing rocks and a support board and measure the stress of the rock bolt according WO 2007/137466 PCT/CN2006/003545 to the frequency of the wire strain meter or the pressure on the hydraulic pillow-type dynamometer, and therefore can't be used to carry out stress monitoring for all rock bolts. Rock bolt extensometer and drawing dynamometer can only be used to carry out point tests, instead of planar tests; stress measurement with drawing dynamometer is to utilize a hydraulic jack to perform pull-out test to measure the anchoring force (maximum bearing capacity) of a rock bolt, but can't be used to test the stressed state of the rock bolt; in addition, such a testing means is labor and time intensive; moreover, such a testing means will produce severe disturbance to underground workings reinforced with rock bolts and degrade the reinforcement effect of rock bolts to enclosing rocks, and can only be used for random checking. Summary of the Invention Technical challenge: the object of the present invention is to provide a random, nondestructive, and dynamic testing method of the stressed state of a rock bolt or an anchor rope, which is easy to use and effective. Technical scheme: the device for random, nondestructive, and dynamic testing of stressed state of an rock bolt provided in the present invention comprises a computer data processing system, and further comprises an exciting force fixture arranged on exposed end of the rock bolt, an accelerometer arranged on an fixing nut on exposed end of the rock bolt, and a signal collecting intelligent and dynamic tester connected to the accelerometer; the exciting force fixture is profiled steel, with a hole that can be fitted over the rock bolt and a screw hole that is arrange at right angle to the hole and communicates with the hole. The method for random, nondestructive, dynamic testing of the stressed state of a rock bolt in the present invention comprises: arranging an exciting force fixture on exposed end of the rock bolt anchored in rock (coal); mounting an accelerometer on a fixing nut on exposed end of the rock bolt, and connecting a signal collecting intelligent and dynamic tester to the accelerometer; applying force to the exciting force fixture to force the rock bolt to vibrate, collecting vibration acceleration of the rock bolt by means of the accelerometer arranged on the fixing nut, and transmitting the acceleration signal collected by the accelerometer to the intelligent and dynamic tester; converting the received analog acceleration signals into digital acceleration signals and storing the digital acceleration signals by the intelligent and dynamic tester; inputting the data finally to a computer and processing; choosing any of the first five orders of vibration frequency of the rock bolt and obtaining the acceleration wave echo time, and calculating the pre-stress or service load of the rock bolt; comparing the calculated pre-stress or service load of the rock bolt (1) with the design anchoring force of the rock bolt, and finally ascertaining the stressed state of the rock bolt. Beneficial efficacies: the random, nondestructive, and dynamic testing method of stressed state of an anchor bar is especially applicable to online monitoring of service state of pre-stressed rock bolts or anchor ropes used in mines, and is also applicable to WO 2007/137466 PCT/CN2006/003545 online monitoring of service state of rock bolts or anchor ropes used in tunnels or on side slopes. An exciting force fixture and an accelerometer connected to a signal collecting intelligent and dynamic tester are mounted on the exposed end of a rock bolt or anchor rope anchored in rocks (coal); transverse vibration is produced on the rock bolt or anchor rope by applying force to the exciting force fixture; the signals are transmitted from the accelerometer to the intelligent and dynamic tester; the received acceleration signals are converted to digital signals and stored by the intelligent and dynamic tester; finally, the data is processed by the computer to complete the detection of pre-stress on the rock bolt or anchor rope when the rock bolt or anchor rope is mounted initially and the load on the rock bolt or anchor rope when the rock bolt or anchor rope is used. In that way, the entire stress process is monitored online completely in a nondestructive manner, and the stressed state of any rock bolt can be tested dynamically in a nondestructive manner, without the need for mounting any additional device to the rock bolt or anchor rope, instead, it is only required to strike the exposed end of the rock bolt or anchor rope. The device provided in the present invention is easy to use and operate, easy to carry, and is effective and has high practicability. Brief Description of the Drawings The attached drawing is a structural representation of the device for a random, nondestructive, and dynamic testing of the stressed state of a rock bolt in the present invention. Wherein, in the drawing: 1- rock bolt; 2- resin; 3- coal; 4- tray; 5- accelerometer; 6 fixing nut; 7- exciting force fixture; 8- intelligent and dynamic tester. Detailed Description of the Embodiments Hereunder the present invention will be further detailed in an embodiment, with reference to the attached drawing. The device for random, nondestructive, and dynamic testing of the stressed state of a rock bolt in the present invention mainly comprises an accelerometer 5, an exciting force fixture 7, an intelligent and dynamic tester 8, and a computer data processing system, wherein, the exciting force fixture 7 is fixed to the exposed end of the rock bolt, the accelerometer 5 is attached to a fixing nut 6 on the exposed end of the rock bolt via a magnet base, the signal collecting intelligent and dynamic tester 8 is connected to the accelerometer 5 through a transmission line. The accelerometer 5 is a Bzl05 accelerometer produced by Landece Technologies Co., Ltd.; the intelligent and dynamic tester is a JL-MG intelligent and dynamic tester produced by Changsheng Engineering Testing Technology Development Co., Ltd.; the exciting force fixture 7 is a square steel, with a hole that can fitted over the rock bolt and a screw hole arranged at right angle to the hole and communicates with the hole so as to fix the square steel WO 2007/137466 PCT/CN2006/003545 with a screw. In the method for random, nondestructive, and dynamic testing of the stressed state of a rock bolt in the present invention, an exciting force fixture 7 is mounted on the exposed end of a rock bolt 1 anchored to the resin 2 in the coal 3, an accelerometer 5 is mounted on a fixing nut 6 near a tray 4 on the exposed end of the rock bolt 1, and an intelligent and dynamic collecting tester 8 is connected to the accelerometer 5; the exciting force fixture 7 fixed to the exposed end of the rock bolt I is stroke, so that the rock bolt 1 produces slight transverse vibration, the vibration acceleration on the rock bolt I is collected by the accelerometer 5 mounted on the tight nut 6, the acceleration signals collected by the accelerometer 5 are transmitted to the intelligent and dynamic tester 8 through a transmission line, and the received analog acceleration signals are converted to into digital acceleration signals and stored by the intelligent and dynamic tester 8; finally, all of the collected data is inputted to a computer and then processed, to obtain the vibration frequency and echo time of the acceleration waves of the rock bolt 1, and calculate the pre-stress or service load on the rock bolt 1; the calculated pre-stress or service load of the rock bolt 1 is compared with the design anchoring force of the rock bolt, to ascertain the stressed state of the rock bolt. The steps are as follows: a. first, mount the exciting force fixture 7 to the exposed end of rock bolt 1, connect one end of the Bz105 accelerometer 5 to a side of the fixing nut on the exposed end of the rock bolt, and connect the other end of the Bzl05 accelerometer 5 to the JL-MG intelligent and dynamic tester 8, as shown in Fig. 1; b. start the intelligent and dynamic tester 8, enter into the parameter setting column, input the length and diameter of the rock bolt to be tested, set high-pass filter to 10Hz, set low-pass filter to 2000Hz, set wave speed to 3500m/s-510Om/s, and set sampling interval to 6gs; c. strike the exciting force fixture 7 for 3-5 times in lateral direction, with approximately 2kg striking force; the Bzl05 accelerometer 5 collects and transmits the acceleration wave and echo signals against each strike to the intelligent dynamic tester 8; the intelligent and dynamic tester 8 converts the acceleration signals into digital signals and stores the digital signals; d. input all collected data to a computer via apparatus, choose a waveform from two similar waveforms in the measured waveforms, read the time difference between incident wave and reflected wave in the waveform, to calculate the length of unanchored section of the rock bolt; (np) 2 r El e. use formula (1) 2 m to calculate the first five orders of vibration frequency on non-prestressed rock bolt: WO 2007/137466 PCT/CN2006/003545 2 N-I a(f)= -Z x(t )cos(2n1kf 1SF) SF N 4-- (0 < f <; -- ) 2 N-1 20f b( f )= - 1, X(tk)sin(2nzkf / SF ) f. use formula (2) N k-O to calculate continuous Fourier transformed values of frequency within 0-900Hz range at 0.5Hz interval, and draw an amplitude frequency spectrum, and obtain the frequency in any one of the first five orders of a pre-stressed rock bolt from the peak values in the frequency spectrum and the frequencies in the first five orders of non-prestressed rock bolt. N = 2 f (n+6 2 ) r 2 EI g. use formula (3) " (n1+p12) - 2 to calculate the service load on the rock bolt, compare the calculated pre-stress or service load on the rock bolt with the design anchoring force of the rock bolt, to ascertain whether the tested anchor bolt is in the safe range finally. If the service load on the tested rock bolt is higher than the design anchoring force, it is deemed that the rock bolt is not safe, and additional rock bolts must be added to ensure safe use of the rock bolt supported works; if the service load on the tested rock bolt is lower than the design anchoring force, it is deemed that the rock bolt is safe, and no additional rock bolt is required. In above formulae, fi is master frequency of the n'h order; n is order number; #I is non-prestressed frequency coefficient; 32 is prestressed frequency coefficient; I is length of the unanchored section; E is elastic modulus of the rock bolt; I is inertia moment of the rock bolt; M- is quality of unit length of the rock bolt; SF is sampling frequency; N is the number of samples; x(t is a time-based sequence of acceleration signals; N, is service load on the rock bolt.
Claims (3)
1. A device for random, nondestructive, and dynamic testing of the stressed stated of a rock bolt comprising a computer data processing system, wherein, the device further comprises an exciting force fixture (7) arranged on exposed end of a rock bolt (1), an accelerometer (5) arranged on a fixing nut (6) on the exposed end of the rock bolt, and a signal collecting intelligent and dynamic tester (8) connected to the accelerometer (5).
2. The device for random, nondestructive, and dynamic testing of the stressed state of a rock bolt according to claim 1, wherein, the exciting force fixture (7) is a profile steel, with a hole that can be fitted over the rock bolt and a screw hole that is arranged at right angle to the hole and communicates with the hole.
3. A method for random, nondestructive, dynamic testing of the stressed state of a rock bolt, which comprises: arranging an exciting force fixture (7) on the exposed end of a rock bolt anchored in rock (coal), mounting an accelerometer (5) on a fixing nut (6) on the exposed end of the rock bolt, and connecting an signal collecting intelligent and dynamic collecting tester (8) to the accelerometer (5); applying force to the exciting force fixture (7) to force the rock bolt to vibrate, collecting vibration acceleration of the rock bolt by means of the accelerometer (5) arranged on the fixing nut (6), and transmitting the acceleration signal collected by the accelerometer (5) to the intelligent and dynamic tester (8); converting the received analog acceleration signals into digital acceleration signals and storing the digital acceleration signals by the intelligent and dynamic tester (8); inputting the data finally to a computer and processing; choosing any of the first five orders of vibration frequency of the rock bolt and obtaining the acceleration wave echo time, and calculating the pre-stress or service load of the rock bolt (1); comparing the calculated pre-stress or service load of the rock bolt with the design anchoring force of the rock bolt, and finally ascertaining the stressed state of the rock bolt.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2006100407795A CN101082564A (en) | 2006-06-01 | 2006-06-01 | Stochastic nondestructive power detecting technology for detecting anchor rod pressure state |
| CN200610040779.5 | 2006-06-01 | ||
| PCT/CN2006/003545 WO2007137466A1 (en) | 2006-06-01 | 2006-12-22 | A random, nondestructiv and dynamic testing apparatus and method of the stressed state of a roof bolt |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU2006345338A1 AU2006345338A1 (en) | 2007-12-06 |
| AU2006345338B2 true AU2006345338B2 (en) | 2010-06-17 |
Family
ID=38778094
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2006345338A Ceased AU2006345338B2 (en) | 2006-06-01 | 2006-12-22 | A random, nondestructive and dynamic testing apparatus and method of the stressed state of a roof bolt |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN101082564A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2006345338B2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2007137466A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (31)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101706334B (en) * | 2009-11-20 | 2011-12-14 | 北京理工大学 | Method for performing non-destructive detection on service load of anchor bolt by using low-frequency guided wave |
| CN102175195A (en) * | 2011-03-16 | 2011-09-07 | 江苏中矿立兴能源科技有限公司 | Non-full-length bonding anchor length nondestructive testing method for coal mines |
| CN102207404A (en) * | 2011-03-16 | 2011-10-05 | 江苏中矿立兴能源科技有限公司 | Non-destructive testing method for natural frequency of transverse vibration of non-fully grouted anchoring bolt in coal mine |
| CN102278126A (en) * | 2011-04-29 | 2011-12-14 | 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Force testing method for connecting bolt of duct pieces in shield tunnel |
| CN103837399B (en) * | 2014-02-21 | 2016-08-17 | 太原理工大学 | A kind of anchor pole work load lossless detection method based on box counting dimension |
| CN103868632B (en) * | 2014-03-12 | 2016-04-13 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of contactless axis force of anchor measuring method based on eddy current impedance method |
| CN104111137B (en) * | 2014-08-11 | 2016-02-24 | 石家庄铁道大学 | Based on the anchor pole bearing capacity prediction method of cubic polynomial model |
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| CN105865397B (en) * | 2016-05-10 | 2019-01-01 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | The effective anchorage depth lossless detection method of overall length binding type anchor pole and device |
| CN106198870B (en) * | 2016-07-06 | 2018-06-29 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of anchor rod body damage location identification method based on neural network |
| CN106124401B (en) * | 2016-07-26 | 2018-12-28 | 山东科技大学 | Anchor pole bond strength testing method |
| CN106289946B (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2023-04-18 | 安徽理工大学 | Detachable simulation anchor body vibration splitting device for anchor rod test |
| CN106768772B (en) * | 2016-11-09 | 2019-04-09 | 中南大学 | A kind of device and its test method of the response of research power of anchor bolt |
| CN106706512A (en) * | 2017-02-22 | 2017-05-24 | 重庆大学 | Method for detecting debonding of anchor shank |
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| CN107227968B (en) * | 2017-07-27 | 2023-06-16 | 贵州大学 | Self-checking anchor rod and using method thereof |
| CN108106936B (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2019-03-22 | 中国矿业大学 | Anchor pole rope working performance test device and method based on electromagnetic action simulation fracturation and absciss layer |
| CN108279176B (en) * | 2018-03-12 | 2023-08-01 | 湖南科技大学 | Anchor rod mechanical property research device under impact force and application method thereof |
| CN108303332B (en) * | 2018-03-12 | 2023-11-03 | 湖南科技大学 | Device and method for researching dynamic mechanical characteristics of prestressed anchor rod |
| CN109211774B (en) * | 2018-09-10 | 2020-10-30 | 湖南大学 | Indoor shear test method for pile rock interface research based on approximate normal distribution of wavelengths |
| CN109443961A (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2019-03-08 | 江苏科技大学 | It is a kind of for detecting the device and detection method of rod piece end intensity |
| CN110469354A (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2019-11-19 | 东北大学 | A kind of anti-pulling anchor pole for country rock micro seismic monitoring |
| CN111272316B (en) * | 2020-02-11 | 2021-04-06 | 河海大学 | Embedded prestressed anchor cable anchoring force detection device and detection method |
| CN111551300B (en) * | 2020-05-12 | 2022-08-02 | 湖北兴业华德威安全信息技术股份有限公司 | Method for monitoring total anchoring force of whole-body type anchor rod by utilizing linear displacement sensor |
| CN111980737B (en) * | 2020-09-01 | 2022-07-05 | 太原理工大学 | Rock wall inner anchor rod stress fracture early warning indicating device |
| CN112523806A (en) * | 2020-10-23 | 2021-03-19 | 中铁二局集团有限公司 | Monitoring method for primary support and lining construction of upper and lower layer overlapped tunnels |
| CN115075880B (en) * | 2022-04-07 | 2024-03-22 | 济南福深兴安科技有限公司 | Mine environment sensing system based on 5G industrial Internet of things |
| CN117968904A (en) * | 2024-04-02 | 2024-05-03 | 晗煊科技(成都)有限公司 | Ultrasonic testing system and method for axial stress of anchor rod |
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| GB2199952A (en) * | 1987-01-16 | 1988-07-20 | Coal Ind | Method and apparatus for measuring load on a rock bolt |
| JP2006003324A (en) * | 2004-06-21 | 2006-01-05 | Non-Destructive Inspection Co Ltd | Method of measuring distribution of axial force of lock bolt and method of measuring distribution of axial force of lock bolt and the lock bolt |
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2006
- 2006-06-01 CN CNA2006100407795A patent/CN101082564A/en active Pending
- 2006-12-22 WO PCT/CN2006/003545 patent/WO2007137466A1/en active Application Filing
- 2006-12-22 AU AU2006345338A patent/AU2006345338B2/en not_active Ceased
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| Title |
|---|
| Guang, N. (2003) "The experiment and testing of bolt anchoring" The Technology of Building Well 24:44 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2007137466A1 (en) | 2007-12-06 |
| CN101082564A (en) | 2007-12-05 |
| AU2006345338A1 (en) | 2007-12-06 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| DA3 | Amendments made section 104 |
Free format text: THE NATURE OF THE AMENDMENT IS: AMEND THE INVENTION TITLE TO READ FROM A RANDOM, NONDESTRUCTIV AND DYNAMIC TESTING APPARATUS AND METHOD OF THE STRESSED STATE OF A ROOF BOLT TO A RANDOM, NONDESTRUCTIVE AND DYNAMIC TESTING APPARATUS AND METHOD OF THE STRESSED STATE OF A ROOF BOLT |
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| FGA | Letters patent sealed or granted (standard patent) | ||
| MK14 | Patent ceased section 143(a) (annual fees not paid) or expired |