AU2005268968A1 - Control of power breakers - Google Patents

Control of power breakers Download PDF

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Publication number
AU2005268968A1
AU2005268968A1 AU2005268968A AU2005268968A AU2005268968A1 AU 2005268968 A1 AU2005268968 A1 AU 2005268968A1 AU 2005268968 A AU2005268968 A AU 2005268968A AU 2005268968 A AU2005268968 A AU 2005268968A AU 2005268968 A1 AU2005268968 A1 AU 2005268968A1
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AU
Australia
Prior art keywords
behaviour
power switch
regulation
actual
switching
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
AU2005268968A
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AU2005268968B2 (en
Inventor
Horst Knoedgen
Stefan Zudrell-Koch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Tridonicatco GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Tridonicatco GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tridonicatco GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Tridonicatco GmbH and Co KG
Publication of AU2005268968A1 publication Critical patent/AU2005268968A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of AU2005268968B2 publication Critical patent/AU2005268968B2/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/16—Modifications for eliminating interference voltages or currents
    • H03K17/161—Modifications for eliminating interference voltages or currents in field-effect transistor switches
    • H03K17/165—Modifications for eliminating interference voltages or currents in field-effect transistor switches by feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit
    • H03K17/166—Soft switching
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/157—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators with digital control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/26—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc
    • H05B41/28—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/26—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc
    • H05B41/28—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters
    • H05B41/282—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters with semiconductor devices
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B20/00—Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
  • Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
  • Mechanical Treatment Of Semiconductor (AREA)

Abstract

Desired performance of the switch (1), e.g. an FET, is specified in terms of the current and/or voltage profile at least during part of the switching operation. Actual performance during switching is measured (4, 5) and fed back (3) in terms of these variables. Switching control (9) is adjusted such that actual performance corresponds with desired performance : An independent claim is included for a corresponding computer software product.

Description

CERTIFICATION I, James Harry Sunderland, European Patent Attorney, of Jagerweg 20, D-85658 Egmating, Germany, hereby certify that I am well acquainted with the English and German Languages and that to the best of my knowledge and belief the following is a true translation made by me of the original text of International Application No.. PCT/EP2005/008077. J. underland Dated: 28 December 2006 GP210 Certification 1 Control of power switches. The present invention relates generally to the field of the control of power switches, as can find use for 5 example in a PFC (Power Factor Control) circuit. From the state of the art it is already known that a certain temporal development of the switching behaviour of a power switch, in the region of the flanks 10 particularly, is advantageous with regard to a reduction of electromagnetic disturbances (EMI, Electromagnetic Interference) generated by the switching process. 15 The present invention starts out from this knowledge and has the object of providing a technology by means of which a desired circuit behaviour can be imposed also on different power switches in a flexible way. 20 This object is achieved in accordance with the invention by means of the features of the independent claims. The dependent claims further develop the central concept of the invention in particularly advantageous manner. 25 In accordance with a first aspect of the invention there is provided a method for the regulated control of a power switch for electrical supply of devices. First there is predetermined a desired behaviour of the 30 current and/or the voltage through or at the power switch at least for a temporal section of a switching process.
2 The real behaviour (actual behaviour) of this parameter is measured and fed back for the formation of a closed regulation loop. The measured actual behaviour is then compared with the desired behaviour and the control of 5 the power switch so effected that- the actual behaviour in substance follows the desired behaviour. The desired behaviour can in particular predetermine the flank development of the switching process, for 10 example with reference to at least two base points. Values which represent the desired behaviour can for example be stored as discreet values in a memory. The desired behaviour can alternatively or in addition be 15 provided also by means of an analog circuit, for example by means of a square wave oscillator having limited flank steepness. In accordance with another aspect the present invention 20 also relates to a method for the calibration of the switching behaviour of a power switch. Thereby the current and/or the voltage through or at the power switch is measured at least for a temporal section of a switching process. The control of the power switch is 25 then calibrated to the effect that, for the attainment of slight electromagnetic disturbance during the switching behaviour, the actual switching behaviour corresponds in substance to a predetermined desired behaviour, the desired behaviour being optimized with 30 regard to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Such a calibration method can for example be used for a power switch in a PFC circuit.
3 The invention also relates to a computer software program product which implements such a method when it runs on a computing device, for example is programmed 5 in an ASIC. The present invention finally relates also to a power switch regulation circuit. This regulation circuit has means for predetermining a desired behaviour of the 10 current and/or the voltage through or at a power switch at least for a temporal section of a switching process. Furthermore means are provided for the measuring of the actual behaviour as well as for the feedback of the measurement result. A regulation device which executes 15 the control of the power switch such that the actual behaviour corresponds in substance to the desired behaviour is finally provided. This regulation device can be an ASIC and/or a discreet 20 circuit for example. The present invention finally relates also to a system for the calibration of the switching behaviour of a power switch, to an operating device for illumination 25 elements, to an electronic ballast (EVG) for gas discharge lamps, as well as to a PFC circuit, which in each case have such a regulation circuit. Further characteristics, advantages and features of the 30 present invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the Figures of the accompanying drawings.
4 Fig. 1 shows a schematic overview of an analog regulation circuit according to the invention, Fig. 2 shows a schematic overview of a digital 5 regulation circuit according to the invention, Fig. 3 shows calibration of a control circuit according to the invention, .and 10 Fig. 4 shows the application of a regulation circuit according to the invention in the context of a PFC (Power Factor Correction) circuit. In Fig. 1 a power switch is provided as an FET 15 transistor 1. There is delivered to the control input (here: gate) 31 of this power switch 1 a control signal 9 from a regulation device, which may be an integrated circuit (ASIC) 7 in the present exemplary embodiment, for example however may also be formed as a discreet or 20 hybrid circuit. By means of a voltage divider having resistances 4, 5 a parameter of the switching behaviour of the power switch 1 is measured at least during a part of the time 25 period of switching processes, in particular during the flanks. This parameter may for example be the current I through the power switch 1 and/or the voltage U at the power switch 1. 30 As mentioned already the measuring/regulation can be restricted to certain temporal sections, such as for example the dynamic regions (flanks), but also can monitor the switching behaviour continuously on the 5 basis of at least one parameter, so that the static regions are also monitored and regulated. The reference sign 2 shows schematically an actual 5 behaviour of the switching behaviour measured in this way in the region of a rising flank, i.e. a switch-on process of the power switch 1. In the present example the voltage U at the switch 1 is measured and regulated. As is clear from Fig. 1 the actual 10 behaviour, which is optimized by the regulation circuit according to the invention, is regulated such that the flank has a predetermined development and in particular a predetermined finite flank steepness. 15 It has to be said that by means of the regulation circuit according to the invention, with appropriate predetermination, also other flank developments, and in particular non-linearly progressing flank developments, can be attained (see below in connection with the 20 explanation of reference sign 6). The measured parameter is delivered to an input 3 of the regulation device (ASIC) 7. The regulation device 7 has a comparator 8 which compares the measured signal, 25 delivered to the input 3, with a desired behaviour 6 provided externally or in the present example provided internally and issues a correction signal as a control signal 9 to the control input of the power switch 1 in dependence upon this comparison, for the implementation 30 of a regulation algorithm.
6 The desired behaviour 6 can be implemented in different ways, for example with the aid of a square wave oscillator with limited flank steepness. 5 The regulation circuit illustrated in Fig. 1 has an analog circuit for the implementation of the desired behaviour 6. A continuous desired behaviour can be imposed in the case of such an analog desired value predetermination. 10 A schematic overview of a digital configuration of the regulation circuit according to the invention is shown in Fig. 2. 15 As in the analog configuration of Fig. 1, a power switch 1 is fed from a control signal 9. In turn the actual behaviour of a parameter of the power switch 9 such as the current and/or the voltage through or at the power switch 9 - is detected by a regulation device 20 7 with aid of a voltage divider 4, 5. The function of the regulation device 7 consists in a comparison of the measured actual behaviour with a predetermined desired behaviour 12 and in a 25 corresponding control 9 of the power switch 9. The comparison of the actual and desired behaviours and the temporal reaction thereto is carried out by a logic circuit 13 which inter alia contains the function of a 30 digital comparator. An analog-digital converter 11 for the digitalization of the detected input parameter 3 delivers the corresponding digital actual behaviour to the logic circuit 13. The discreet digital values 7 representing the desired behaviour are supplied to another input of the logic circuit 13 from a memory 12. Another input of the logic circuit 13 serves as a 5 control input 16. Via the control input 16 the dynamic regulation behaviour can for example be adjusted by means of adjusting of the temporal reaction of the logic circuit to regulation deviations. 10 A provision of the desired behaviour by means of digital values in a memory in accordance with the exemplary embodiment of Figure 2 has the advantage that substantially arbitrary, also non-linear developments, in particular in the region of the flanks, can be 15 predetermined for the switching behaviour. As a minimum, for one flank, two discreet base values are stored in the memory 12, through which a flank developing in a straight line can already be provided. 20 For more complex flank developments, or for making more precise such straight-line flanks, the number of base values which represent the desired behaviour can be increased arbitrarily of course. 25 After the logic circuit 13 of the regulation device 7 has compared desired actual and behaviours in the manner of an error amplifier, it controls programmable current sources 14, 15 such that the power switch 1 is operated with the desired control signal 9; that is, 30 the actual behaviour substantially follows the desired behaviour.
8 The just described analog and digital exemplary embodiments thus relate to a configuration in which a closed regulation loop, during the operation of the power switch 1, adjusts the control effected with 5 follow-up correction, to attain the desired behaviour. Meanwhile, the present invention also relates to the single calibration of a control circuit, in which an existing switching behaviour 2 of the power switch 1 is 10 detected once by means of a special measurement device 18 and then a single, for example factory, calibration of the control circuit 7 is carried out. This is represented schematically in Fig. 3. In this 15 configuration there is provided an external or, here, internal programmable calibration memory 19 (the memory 6 or 12 is not necessarily programmable in the case of the exemplary embodiments mentioned above). 20 Thus, for example, in the production the control circuit 7 is calibrated once so that then in the actual operation of the power switch 1 measurement and a closed regulation loop are not required for evaluation of the measurement result of the power switch 25 parameter. Meanwhile, the measurement and calibration can be carried out again at any time, for example at fixedly predetermined intervals or upon application of a new 30 functionality. The calibration can thereby be carried out as illustrated by means of internal storage 19 of 9 calibration data which influences the temporal development of the control. However, an external calibration is also conceivable via a trimming input etc. (not illustrated). 5 Thus, for calibration, the switching behaviour is detected by a measurement device 18. Via a programming input 30 of the integrated circuit 7 the values of the calibration memory 19 (programming access 17) and/or 10 the dynamic behaviour ("control Pattern") of the logic circuit 13 can then be set. Fig. 4 finally shows how technology according to the invention can be used in the case of a PFC (Power 15 Factor Correction) circuit. In the exemplary embodiment of Fig. 4 for example the voltage over the power switch 1 is monitored, in order to attain a reduction of high frequency disturbances by a specific control of the switch. 20 As known in principle from the state of the art, the input voltage 28 of a PFC circuit 20 is filtered by a smoothing capacitor 21 and delivered to an inductance 22, i.e. a coil. The inductance 22 is selectively 25 charged or discharged by means of the power switch 1. In addition, the PFC circuit 20 has a diode 23 connected in series with the inductance 22. If the power switch 1 is switched on, the inductance 22 30 is short-circuited to ground and the diode 23 blocked. The inductance 22 then charges so that energy is stored in the inductance 22.
10 If the power switch 1 is turned off, however, the diode 23 is conductive. The inductance 22 then discharges via the diode 23 into the output capacitance 24. The energy is thereby transferred to the output capacitance 24. 5 The voltage divider 4, 5 serves for determining 3 the actual behaviour of the current and/or the voltage through or at the power switch 1. By means of another voltage divider 25, 26, the output voltage 29 can be 10 measured 27. The driver circuit provided in the ASIC 7 for the control of the power switch 1 is not illustrated in the Figures. 15 By means of the closed regulation loop or the calibration, tolerances of the power switch 1 can be compensated so that the sought after desired behaviour can always be attained in substance. Thus, for example, 20 the same ASIC can be used for different power levels of gas discharge lamps which need differently dimensioned switches. Overall, there is thus provided a regulated switching behaviour. 25 By the calibration there can be provided, so to speak, a "universal driver circuit" which depending upon the previously effected measurement of the corresponding parameter of the power switch is made specific for the particular power switch employed. 30 List of the reference signs used in the Figures: 11 1 Power switch, for example FET transistor 2 Measured actual behaviour of the current and/or the voltage through or at the power switch 3 Input of the regulation device 4 Resistance of a voltage divider 5 Resistance of a voltage divider 6 Analog predetermined desired behaviour 7 Regulation device: integrated circuit (ASIC) or discreet circuit 8 Comparator 9 Control signal of the power switch 10 Illustration of the control signal 11 Analog-digital converter 12 Digital predetermined desired behaviour or digital memory 13 Digital logic circuit 14 Current source 15 Current source 16 Control input 17 External storage of calibration data 18 Measurement device 19 Calibration memory 20 PFC circuit 21 Smoothing capacitor 22 Inductance 23 Diode 24 Output capacitor 25 Resistance of a voltage divider 26 Resistance of a voltage divider 27 Measured output voltage 28 Input voltage 12 29 Output voltage

Claims (21)

1. Method for the regulated control of a power switch (1) for the electrical supply of devices, 5 having the following steps: - specification of a desired behaviour of the current and/or the voltage through or at the power switch (1) at least for a temporal section of a switching process, - measurement (4, 5) and feedback (3) of the actual 10 behaviour of the current and/or the voltage through or at the power switch (1) during a switching process, and - regulation (9) of the control of the power switch (1) such that the actual behaviour corresponds in substance to the desired behaviour. 15
2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that, the desired behaviour is predetermined with reference to at least two base points. 20
3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, the desired behaviour determines the flank development of the switching process.
4. Method according to any preceding claim, 25 characterized in that, values which represent the desired behaviour are stored in a memory (6) and/or are made available by means of an analog circuit.
5. Method according to any preceding claim, 30 characterized in that, the dynamics of the regulation behaviour are adjustable. 14
6. Method for the calibration of the switching behaviour of a power switch, having the following steps: - measurement of the current and/or the voltage through 5 or at the power switch (1) at least for a temporal section of a switching process, and - compensation of the control of the power switch (1) such that the actual switching behaviour in substance corresponds to a predetermined desired behaviour. 10
7. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that, the desired behaviour is programmed.
8. Use of a method according to any preceding claim in 15 a PFC circuit.
9. Computer software program product, characterized in that, when it runs on a computing device it implements a method according to any of claims 1 to 6. 20
10. Power switch regulation circuit, having: - means (6) for the specification of a desired behaviour of the current and/or the voltage through or at a power switch (1) at least for a temporal section 25 of a switching process, - means for the measurement (4, 5) and feedback (3) of the actual behaviour of the current and/or the voltage through or at the power switch (1) during a switching process, and 30 - means for the regulation of the control (9) of the power switch such that the actual behaviour corresponds in substance to the desired behaviour. 15
11. Regulation circuit according to claim 10, characterized in that, the dynamics of the regulation behaviour of the regulation means are adjustable (30). 5
12. Regulation circuit according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that, the means for regulation have an ASIC.
13. Regulation circuit according to claim 10 or 11, 10 characterized in that, the means for regulation have a discreet circuit.
14. Regulation circuit according to any of claims 10 to 13, characterized in that, values which represent the 15 desired behaviour are stored in a memory.
15. Regulation circuit according to any of claims 10 to 14, characterized in that, the desired value specification is carried out by means of an analog 20 circuit.
16. Regulation circuit according to claim 15, characterized in that, the analog circuit has a square wave oscillator with restricted flank steepness. 25
17. System for the calibration of the switching behaviour of a power switch, having: - means (18) for the measurement of the current and/or the voltage through or at the power switch for at least 30 a temporal section of a switching process, and - means (16, 17, 19) for the compensation of the control of the power switch such that the actual 16 switching behaviour corresponds in substance to a predetermined desired behaviour.
18. Use of a system according to claim 17 for the 5 calibration of operating devices for lamps.
19. Operating device for illumination elements, having a regulation circuit according to any of claims 10 to 16. 10
20. Electronic ballast for gas discharge lamps, having a regulation circuit according to any of claims 10 to 16. 15
21. PFC circuit, having a regulation circuit according to any of claims 8 to 13.
AU2005268968A 2004-07-30 2005-07-25 Control of power breakers Ceased AU2005268968B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102004036958.5 2004-07-30
DE102004036958A DE102004036958A1 (en) 2004-07-30 2004-07-30 Control of circuit breakers
PCT/EP2005/008077 WO2006013035A2 (en) 2004-07-30 2005-07-25 Control of power breakers

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
AU2005268968A1 true AU2005268968A1 (en) 2006-02-09
AU2005268968B2 AU2005268968B2 (en) 2010-09-09

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
AU2005268968A Ceased AU2005268968B2 (en) 2004-07-30 2005-07-25 Control of power breakers

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (3) EP1771934B1 (en)
CN (1) CN101002388B (en)
AT (1) ATE489764T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2005268968B2 (en)
DE (2) DE102004036958A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2006013035A2 (en)
ZA (1) ZA200700812B (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2006013035A2 (en) 2006-02-09
DE102004036958A1 (en) 2006-03-23
CN101002388B (en) 2012-03-28
ZA200700812B (en) 2008-09-25
EP2256927A1 (en) 2010-12-01
ATE489764T1 (en) 2010-12-15
CN101002388A (en) 2007-07-18
AU2005268968B2 (en) 2010-09-09
EP1771934B1 (en) 2010-11-24
EP3399632B1 (en) 2022-05-04
EP2256927B1 (en) 2018-09-05
DE502005010585D1 (en) 2011-01-05
WO2006013035A3 (en) 2006-06-15
EP3399632A1 (en) 2018-11-07
EP1771934A2 (en) 2007-04-11

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