ATE373110T1 - Hochfestes warmgewalztes stahlblech mit hervorragenden formfixierungseigenschaften und zugehöriges herstellungsverfahren - Google Patents
Hochfestes warmgewalztes stahlblech mit hervorragenden formfixierungseigenschaften und zugehöriges herstellungsverfahrenInfo
- Publication number
- ATE373110T1 ATE373110T1 AT04746934T AT04746934T ATE373110T1 AT E373110 T1 ATE373110 T1 AT E373110T1 AT 04746934 T AT04746934 T AT 04746934T AT 04746934 T AT04746934 T AT 04746934T AT E373110 T1 ATE373110 T1 AT E373110T1
- Authority
- AT
- Austria
- Prior art keywords
- intensity ratio
- ray random
- ray
- steel sheet
- rolled steel
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910001563 bainite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/22—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length
- B21B1/24—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length in a continuous or semi-continuous process
- B21B1/26—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length in a continuous or semi-continuous process by hot-rolling, e.g. Steckel hot mill
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/22—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length
- B21B2001/228—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length skin pass rolling or temper rolling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/38—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling sheets of limited length, e.g. folded sheets, superimposed sheets, pack rolling
- B21B2001/383—Cladded or coated products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/002—Bainite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
- Metal Rolling (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003182675A JP4276482B2 (ja) | 2003-06-26 | 2003-06-26 | 極限変形能と形状凍結性に優れた高強度熱延鋼板とその製造方法 |
JP2004092280A JP4430444B2 (ja) | 2004-03-26 | 2004-03-26 | 形状凍結性に優れた低降伏比型高強度熱延鋼板とその製造方法 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
ATE373110T1 true ATE373110T1 (de) | 2007-09-15 |
Family
ID=34067314
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
AT04746934T ATE373110T1 (de) | 2003-06-26 | 2004-06-28 | Hochfestes warmgewalztes stahlblech mit hervorragenden formfixierungseigenschaften und zugehöriges herstellungsverfahren |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7485195B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1636392B1 (de) |
KR (1) | KR100754035B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE373110T1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2530008C (de) |
DE (1) | DE602004008917T2 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2293299T3 (de) |
PL (1) | PL1636392T3 (de) |
TW (1) | TWI248977B (de) |
WO (1) | WO2005005670A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (36)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP4502947B2 (ja) * | 2005-12-27 | 2010-07-14 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 溶接性に優れた鋼板 |
EP2020451A1 (de) * | 2007-07-19 | 2009-02-04 | ArcelorMittal France | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Stahlblechen mit hoher Widerstandsfähigkeit und Duktilität und damit hergestellte Bleche |
DE102008029581A1 (de) * | 2007-07-21 | 2009-01-22 | Sms Demag Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Bändern aus Silizum-Stahl oder Mehrphasenstahl |
WO2011111758A1 (ja) * | 2010-03-10 | 2011-09-15 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | 高強度熱延鋼板及びその製造方法 |
KR101166972B1 (ko) | 2010-03-29 | 2012-07-23 | 현대제철 주식회사 | 강도-연성 밸런스가 우수한 고강도 열연강판 및 그 제조 방법 |
KR101167015B1 (ko) | 2010-03-29 | 2012-07-24 | 현대제철 주식회사 | 고강도 api 열연강판 및 그 제조 방법 |
JP5609223B2 (ja) * | 2010-04-09 | 2014-10-22 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 温間加工性に優れた高強度鋼板およびその製造方法 |
JP5218703B2 (ja) * | 2010-06-21 | 2013-06-26 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 耐加熱黒変性に優れた溶融Alめっき鋼板及びその製造方法 |
US10428409B2 (en) * | 2011-03-18 | 2019-10-01 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Hot-rolled steel sheet with excellent press formability and production method thereof |
BR112013024984B1 (pt) | 2011-03-28 | 2018-12-11 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation | chapa de aço laminada a quente e método de produção da mesma |
KR101539162B1 (ko) | 2011-03-31 | 2015-07-23 | 신닛테츠스미킨 카부시키카이샤 | 등방 가공성이 우수한 베이나이트 함유형 고강도 열연 강판 및 그 제조 방법 |
CN103459645B (zh) * | 2011-04-13 | 2015-11-25 | 新日铁住金株式会社 | 局部变形能力优异的高强度热轧钢板及其制造方法 |
EP2698444B1 (de) * | 2011-04-13 | 2017-05-31 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation | Warmgewalztes stahlblech und herstellungsverfahren dafür |
JP5454738B2 (ja) | 2011-04-13 | 2014-03-26 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | ガス軟窒化用熱延鋼板及びその製造方法 |
US9631265B2 (en) | 2011-05-25 | 2017-04-25 | Nippon Steel | Hot-rolled steel sheet and method for producing same |
KR101267775B1 (ko) * | 2011-07-28 | 2013-05-27 | 현대제철 주식회사 | 상변태 온도 예측 방법 및 이를 이용한 강재 제조 방법 |
JP5569657B2 (ja) * | 2011-12-12 | 2014-08-13 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 耐時効性に優れた鋼板およびその製造方法 |
IN2014KN01251A (de) | 2011-12-27 | 2015-10-16 | Jfe Steel Corp | |
KR101617115B1 (ko) * | 2012-01-05 | 2016-04-29 | 신닛테츠스미킨 카부시키카이샤 | 열연 강판 및 그 제조 방법 |
KR101638715B1 (ko) | 2012-01-31 | 2016-07-11 | 제이에프이 스틸 가부시키가이샤 | 발전기 림용 열연 강판 및 그 제조 방법 |
KR101996119B1 (ko) | 2012-12-19 | 2019-07-03 | 닛폰세이테츠 가부시키가이샤 | 열연 강판 및 그 제조 방법 |
US20140261914A1 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-18 | Thyssenkrupp Steel Usa, Llc | Method of producing hot rolled high strength dual phase steels using room temperature water quenching |
CN103331308B (zh) * | 2013-05-22 | 2015-06-17 | 武汉钢铁(集团)公司 | 基于临界温度的碳锰钢节能型轧制方法 |
KR20150025952A (ko) * | 2013-08-30 | 2015-03-11 | 현대제철 주식회사 | 고강도 열연도금강판 및 그 제조 방법 |
RU2556440C1 (ru) * | 2014-10-21 | 2015-07-10 | Юлия Алексеевна Щепочкина | Сталь |
KR101657799B1 (ko) * | 2014-12-18 | 2016-09-20 | 주식회사 포스코 | 연신율이 우수한 아연도금강판 및 그 제조방법 |
CN105177463B (zh) * | 2015-07-28 | 2017-03-22 | 宁波市镇海甬鼎紧固件制造有限公司 | 一种抗延迟断裂的高强度螺栓合金材料及螺栓的制造方法 |
CN105177456B (zh) * | 2015-07-28 | 2017-03-22 | 宁波市镇海甬鼎紧固件制造有限公司 | 一种耐腐蚀螺栓合金材料及螺栓的制造方法 |
CN105537502A (zh) * | 2015-12-30 | 2016-05-04 | 青岛博泰美联化工技术有限公司 | 一种柴油机部件的砂型铸造方法 |
DE102016005531A1 (de) * | 2016-05-02 | 2017-11-02 | Vladimir Volchkov | Niedriggekohlter Stahl |
TWI579389B (zh) * | 2016-05-24 | 2017-04-21 | 中國鋼鐵股份有限公司 | 低降伏比鋼材之製造方法 |
EP3502291B1 (de) * | 2016-08-16 | 2023-10-18 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Warmgepresstes formteil |
WO2018134186A1 (de) | 2017-01-20 | 2018-07-26 | thyssenkrupp Hohenlimburg GmbH | Warmgewalztes stahlflachprodukt bestehend aus einem komplexphasenstahl mit überwiegend bainitischem gefüge und verfahren zur herstellung eines solchen stahlflachprodukts |
DE102017216982A1 (de) * | 2017-09-25 | 2019-03-28 | Thyssenkrupp Ag | Monolithische eisenbasierte Abschirmprodukte |
DE102017123236A1 (de) * | 2017-10-06 | 2019-04-11 | Salzgitter Flachstahl Gmbh | Höchstfester Mehrphasenstahl und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Stahlbandes aus diesem Mehrphasenstahl |
DE102018207205A1 (de) * | 2018-05-09 | 2019-11-14 | Thyssenkrupp Ag | Hybrides Stahl-Kunststoffgehäuse für Leistungselektronik |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6544354B1 (en) | 1997-01-29 | 2003-04-08 | Nippon Steel Corporation | High-strength steel sheet highly resistant to dynamic deformation and excellent in workability and process for the production thereof |
JP4060997B2 (ja) | 1999-08-27 | 2008-03-12 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | 曲げ性と深絞り性に優れた高強度冷延鋼板と高強度亜鉛めっき冷延鋼板およびその製造方法 |
DE60134125D1 (de) | 2000-02-28 | 2008-07-03 | Nippon Steel Corp | Stahlrohr mit ausgezeichneter formbarkeit und herstellungsverfahren dafür |
JP3990554B2 (ja) | 2000-06-30 | 2007-10-17 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | 形状凍結性に優れた鋼板およびその製造方法 |
JP3990553B2 (ja) * | 2000-08-03 | 2007-10-17 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | 形状凍結性に優れた高伸びフランジ性鋼板およびその製造方法 |
JP3814134B2 (ja) * | 2000-09-21 | 2006-08-23 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | 加工時の形状凍結性と衝撃エネルギー吸収能に優れた高加工性高強度冷延鋼板とその製造方法 |
JP3927384B2 (ja) | 2001-02-23 | 2007-06-06 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | 切り欠き疲労強度に優れる自動車用薄鋼板およびその製造方法 |
JP2002317246A (ja) * | 2001-04-19 | 2002-10-31 | Nippon Steel Corp | 切り欠き疲労強度とバーリング加工性に優れる自動車用薄鋼板およびその製造方法 |
TWI290177B (en) | 2001-08-24 | 2007-11-21 | Nippon Steel Corp | A steel sheet excellent in workability and method for producing the same |
KR100627429B1 (ko) * | 2001-10-04 | 2006-09-25 | 신닛뽄세이테쯔 카부시키카이샤 | 드로잉이 가능하고 형상 동결성이 우수한 고강도 박강판과 이를 제조하는 방법 |
-
2004
- 2004-06-24 TW TW093118280A patent/TWI248977B/zh active
- 2004-06-28 US US10/561,133 patent/US7485195B2/en active Active
- 2004-06-28 CA CA2530008A patent/CA2530008C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-06-28 EP EP04746934A patent/EP1636392B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-06-28 AT AT04746934T patent/ATE373110T1/de active
- 2004-06-28 DE DE602004008917T patent/DE602004008917T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-06-28 ES ES04746934T patent/ES2293299T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-06-28 WO PCT/JP2004/009465 patent/WO2005005670A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2004-06-28 PL PL04746934T patent/PL1636392T3/pl unknown
- 2004-06-28 KR KR1020057024886A patent/KR100754035B1/ko active IP Right Grant
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
TWI248977B (en) | 2006-02-11 |
ES2293299T3 (es) | 2008-03-16 |
WO2005005670A1 (en) | 2005-01-20 |
US20070089814A1 (en) | 2007-04-26 |
CA2530008A1 (en) | 2005-01-20 |
DE602004008917D1 (de) | 2007-10-25 |
US7485195B2 (en) | 2009-02-03 |
KR100754035B1 (ko) | 2007-09-04 |
TW200517507A (en) | 2005-06-01 |
DE602004008917T2 (de) | 2008-06-12 |
CA2530008C (en) | 2011-04-19 |
EP1636392B1 (de) | 2007-09-12 |
EP1636392A1 (de) | 2006-03-22 |
PL1636392T3 (pl) | 2008-01-31 |
KR20060020694A (ko) | 2006-03-06 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
ATE373110T1 (de) | Hochfestes warmgewalztes stahlblech mit hervorragenden formfixierungseigenschaften und zugehöriges herstellungsverfahren | |
ATE383452T1 (de) | Ziehbares hochfestes dünnes stahlblech mit hervorragender formfixierungseigenschaft und herstellungsverfahren dafür | |
CA2556574A1 (en) | Steel plate or steel pipe with small occurrence of bauschinger effect and methods of production of same | |
MX2018001082A (es) | Lamina de acero laminada en caliente de alta resistencia y metodo para la fabricacion de la misma. | |
EP1693476A4 (de) | Stahlprodukt für autobauteil und herstellungsverfahren dafür | |
RU2014132066A (ru) | Горячекатаный стальной лист и способ его изготовления | |
BR0106329A (pt) | Método para fabricação de parafuso de alta resistência, excelente em resistência à fratura retardada e a alìvio de tensões mediante fluência | |
CA2530834A1 (en) | High-strength steel sheet having excellent deep drawability and process for producing the same | |
TWI346141B (en) | Cold rolled steel sheet having superior formability and high yield ratio, process for producing the same | |
CN104451082A (zh) | 一种晶粒尺寸小于100nm的304奥氏体不锈钢的制备方法 | |
MY158249A (en) | High-strength steel sheet for container and method for producing high-strength steel sheet for container | |
KR970015775A (ko) | 면내이방성이 작고 내리징성이 우수한 페라이트계 스텐레스강판 및 그 제조방법 | |
EP1083237A3 (de) | Ferritisches Chrom enthaltendes Stahlblech mit ausgezeigneter Duktilität und Formabilität und mit ausgezeichnetem Widerstand gegen Rillenbildung; Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung | |
MX2015013316A (es) | Lamina de acero laminada en frio extra-dura y metodo para la fabricacion de la misma. | |
MX2018001142A (es) | Acero para muelle de suspension y metodo para fabricar el mismo. | |
CN104178693B (zh) | 一种高性能超高碳钢及复合热处理工艺 | |
CA2542762A1 (en) | High-strength steel sheets excellent in hole-expandability and ductility | |
ATE531825T1 (de) | Hochfestestes stahlprodukt mit verbesserter verformbarkeit und dessen herstellungsverfahren | |
ES2172262T3 (es) | Procedimiento para la fabricacion de un acero de armadura inoxidable ferritico o ferritico-martensitico. | |
WO2009093827A3 (ko) | 이방향성 전기강판의 제조방법 및 이를 이용하여 제조된 이방향성 전기강판 | |
EP1888800A4 (de) | Kaltgewalztes stahlblech mit hervorragender verformbarkeit und hervorragendem streckgrenzenverhältnis und herstellungsverfahren dafür | |
Kishida | Copper-bearing high-strength sheet steels | |
Xiong et al. | Effects of Rolling Process on Microstructure and Yield Ratio in a High Strength Building Steel Plate | |
AR082295A1 (es) | Lamina de acero galvanizada de alta resistencia que tiene una excelente maleabilidad y estabilidad de las propiedades mecanicas y metodo para fabricarla | |
KR960017873A (ko) | 항장력이 높은 무방향성 전기 강판의 제조방법 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
UEP | Publication of translation of european patent specification |
Ref document number: 1636392 Country of ref document: EP |