AP154A - System for continuos liberation of vitamin A and other active principles into drinking water. - Google Patents

System for continuos liberation of vitamin A and other active principles into drinking water. Download PDF

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Publication number
AP154A
AP154A APAP/P/1990/000204A AP9000204A AP154A AP 154 A AP154 A AP 154A AP 9000204 A AP9000204 A AP 9000204A AP 154 A AP154 A AP 154A
Authority
AP
ARIPO
Prior art keywords
vitamin
water
active principle
liberation
membrane
Prior art date
Application number
APAP/P/1990/000204A
Other versions
AP9000204A0 (en
Inventor
Hugues Porte
Ghislaine Torres
Original Assignee
Rhone Poulenc Sante
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rhone Poulenc Sante filed Critical Rhone Poulenc Sante
Publication of AP9000204A0 publication Critical patent/AP9000204A0/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of AP154A publication Critical patent/AP154A/en

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/68—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition of specified substances, e.g. trace elements, for ameliorating potable water
    • C02F1/685—Devices for dosing the additives
    • C02F1/688—Devices in which the water progressively dissolves a solid compound
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/045—Hydroxy compounds, e.g. alcohols; Salts thereof, e.g. alcoholates
    • A61K31/07—Retinol compounds, e.g. vitamin A
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/21—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates
    • A61K31/215—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids
    • A61K31/22—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids of acyclic acids, e.g. pravastatin
    • A61K31/23—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids of acyclic acids, e.g. pravastatin of acids having a carboxyl group bound to a chain of seven or more carbon atoms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0002—Galenical forms characterised by the drug release technique; Application systems commanded by energy
    • A61K9/0004—Osmotic delivery systems; Sustained release driven by osmosis, thermal energy or gas
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J4/00—Feed or outlet devices; Feed or outlet control devices
    • B01J4/04—Feed or outlet devices; Feed or outlet control devices using osmotic pressure using membranes, porous plates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/42—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from bathing facilities, e.g. swimming pools

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
  • Non-Alcoholic Beverages (AREA)
  • Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides an apparatus allowing continuos and regular liberation of an active principle,

Description

SYSTEM FOR CONTINUOUS LIBERATION OF VITAMIN A
AND OTHER ACTIVE PRINCIPLES INTO DRINKING WATER
The present invention relates to systems for liberating vitamin A and other active principles into drinking water. More particularly the invention provides a system for continuous liberation of an active principle into water in wells and boreholes containing water.
It is estimated that at present several tens of millions of persons have a vitamin A deficiency. This deficiency reveals itself in problems of xerophthalmia and blindness. The parts of the world which are most affected are Africa, Asia and Latin America. Among these, the zones of the Sahel and the Southern Sahel are gravely affected (Benin, Burkina Faso, Mali and Mauritania).
This lack is revealed on the level of human health by xerophthalmias, lowered resistance to infection and increased mortality. One of the actions being carried out at present by the World Health Organization is distribution of oral doses of 200,000 international units of vitamin A in capsule form twice a year.
As it is difficult to distribute the necessary dose of vitamin A biannually to each inhabitant, it has been hoped to provide everyone with vitamin A in a natural manner by means of drinking water. The problem was to find a system « for continuous liberation of vitamin A which is as easy is possible to implement and allows as regular as possible a delivery—of-the-vitamin--A over prolonged periods. The : · ..... s 1 ι
AP 0 0 0 1 5 4 apparatus should not need to be changed more than 3 or 4 times per year in order to avoid too frequent attendance of a person at water points, which are widely dispersed in these desert zones.
The present invention achieves this objective:
i.e. it makes possible continuous and regular liberation of vitamin A into drinking water for periods of at least three months.
There exist numerous patents describing the 10 regular liberation of active principles, among them vitamins, in the human or animal body, such as, for example US Patents 3,946,734, 3,977,404, and European Patents 40,457, 262,422, which in no way correspond to the problem which the present invention tries to resolve.
Among the apparatus describing regular liberation of active principles into the surrounding medium (water, air or earth), there may be mentioned US Patent 4,300,558, European Patent 40,457, British patent 2,182,559, and US Patent 4,618,487, which describe systems in which an 20 osmotic difference is established between the interior of an apparatus containing the active principle to be diffused and a mineral salt, and the exterior. The large quantity of salt attracts water from the exterior environment, which crosses the wall of the apparatus, dissolves the salt and the active 25 principle and escapes through an orifice made in«the wall of the apparatus. The exterior wall is generally permeable to water and impermeable to the active principle.
This apparatus has the inconvenience of
BAD ORIGINAL requiring the manufacture of a delivery system made of semipermeable material, and the use of a large quantity of mineral salt besides the active principle, which will inevitably be liberated with the latter. In the case of the addition of active principles to drinking water, the minimum amount of salt should be liberated so as not to modify the taste of the water since it must subsequently be absorbed by man and animals.
,·«
The present invention provides apparatus for 10 continuous and regular liberation of an active principle into domestic water in particular, without the concomitant liberation of mineral salts, which comprises a receptacle for the active principle which is impermeable to water and to the active principle, and which is provided with an opening closed by a membrane which is permeable to water and to the active principle and which preferably has a mean pore diameter greater than 0.05 micron, and more preferably between 0.1 and 20 microns.
The receptacle is, as mentioned above, impermeable to water and to the active principle. It preferably is made of a plastics or glass material and in particular has a form suitable for its introduction and adaptation to the environment in which the water to be treated is found.
?5 . The active principle is,, as specified above, preferably vitamin A or one of its esters such as, for example, the palmitate. Vitamin A, being lipophilic, is
BAD ORIGIN*»^ .
introduced into the receptacle in a water-dispersible or water-soluble form, preferably in a liquid water-dispersible form consisting of an oil-in-water emulsion. The waterdispersible vitamin A preparations sold under the trade marks Cryptovit or Microvit can also be used. The use of a vater-dispersible liquid form available commercially and sold under the trade mark Hydrovit, which contains 200,000 IU of vitamin A per 250 ml, is preferred.
The membrane closing the opening is made of a material which is permeable to water and to the vitamin A emulsion. Suitable materials include:
- organic polymers such as:
. acrylic polymers, . polyvinylchloride, . cellulose esters, . polysulphones, . polycarbonates, . polyvinylidenefluoride, and . polytetrafluoroethylene; and
- inorganic polymers such as ceramic membranes.
The size of the membrane and the mean pore diameter can be determined by those skilled in the art as a function of the desired flow rate of the vitamin A or other active principle. A flow of Hydrovit^ of between 5 and 50 mg per square centimetre of membrane per hour seems sufficient. In order to allow these flows, membranes having surface areas of 30 to 100 cm2 (which corresponds to
BAD ORIGINAL openings of 3 to 6 cn diameter) and having pore diameters from 1.5 μ to 0.5 μ may, in particular, be used.
The apparatus of the invention are used, in the places where the water to be treated is located, in particular veils and boreholes, by immersion in the water, and then liberate continuously an appropriate quantity of vitamin A at a dcse level which is sufficient to ensure the indispensible minimum fcr human and animal consumption without, however, reaching toxic doses, which are estimated to be about 600,000 IU per 24 hours per person.
According to one method of installation, mentioned by way of example, an apparatus according to the invention, containing the vitamin A emulsion sold under the trade mark Hydrovit, is used in a well with a flow rate of 600 litres of water per hour. When it is desired to liberate 250 micrograms of vitamin A per litre of water for a period of at least 3 months, about 5 kg of Hydrovit® is required, and this quantity would be introduced into a flask provided with a microfiltration membrane the surface area and pore size characteristics of which are suitable for the desired flow rate of vitamin A. This flow rate allows absorption by each human being of a daily dose of vitamin A of 500 micrograms, on the basis that each individual absorbs about 2 litres of water per day.
. The invention -is illustrated by the following,
Examples.
bad ORIGINAL
EXAMPLE 1
Hydrovit® (250 ml) containing 200,000 IU of vitamin A is introduced into a 250 ml glass receptacle(1) as shown in Figure 5 having an orifice(2) of 1 cm^ surface area. The orifice is closed with a microporous membrane(3) the mean pore diameter of which is equal to 1.5 μπι (sold under the trade name Techsep Iris0 56-25) . The membrane is inserted between two teflon joints (4,5), and the whole is fixed to the bottle(l) with a screw cap(6). The whole is then immersed in a receptacle containing, as elution medium, distilled water (4 litres) which is protected from light.
The elution medium is equipped with a slowmoving (100 rev/min) magnetic stirring system which ensures that the solution is homogeneous.
Experimental protocol for the measurement of the elution kinetics
Samples are taken every two days. The vitamin A concentration is determined by UV spectrophotometric measurement at a wavelength of 316 nra. A calibration curve established beforehand using standard solutions of concentrations between 1 and 15 mg/1 (of vitamin A palmitate) allows the concentration of the solution to be obtained .
The elution medium is changed at each sampling • · 1 * in order to maintain sink conditions. By sink conditions is understood dilution conditions such that there is /fip--hrnTiting-*iayer· phenomenon in the neighbourhood of the
.. I S !
' — bad ORIGINAL
AP 0 0 0 1 5 4 i
membrane .
The curve corresponding to the elution kinetics is shown in Figure 1, which plots quantity of vitamin A palmitate liberated as a function of time. The curve of the percentage of vitamin λ palmitate liberated as a function of time for the same elution kinetics is shown in Figure 2.
Controlled liberation of vitamin A over periods of 3 months (in the example 30% was eluted in 50 days) and daily flow rates corresponding to the objective (about 300 mg/d vitamin A palmitate) can be obtained without difficulty using a 40 cm2 membrane.
EXAMPLE 2
Hydrovit (250 ml) containing 200,000 IU of vitamin A is introduced into a 250 ml glass receptacle(1) as shown in Figure 5 having an orifice(2) of 1.8 cm2 area. The orifice is then closed with a microporous membrane(3) the mean pore diameter of which is equal to 0.1 μπ» (sold under the trade name Techsep Iri s© 65-02). The membrane is inserted between two teflon joints (4,5), and the whole is fixed to the bottle(l) using a screw cap(6). The assembly is then immersed in a receptacle containing, as elution medium, distilled water (4 litres) which is protected from 1ight.
The elqtion medium is equipped with a slowmoving (100 rev/min) magnetic stirring system which ensures that the solution is homogeneous. '
BAD ORIGINAL* I
Experimental protocol for the measurement of the elution
Kinetics
Samples are taken every two days. The vitamin A concentration is determined by UV spectrophotometric measurement at a wavelength of 316 nm. A calibration curve established beforehand using standard solutions of concentrations between 1 and 15 mg/1 (of vitamin A palmitate) allows the concentration of the solution to be obtained.
The elution medium is changed at each sampling in order to maintain sink'* conditions.
The curve corresponding to the elution kinetics, which plots quantity of vitamin A palmitate liberated as a function of time, is shown in Figure 3.
The curve of the percentage of vitamin A liberated as a function of time for the same elution kinetics is shown in Figure 4.
Controlled liberation of vitamin A over periods of 3 months (in the example 30% was eluted in 50 days) and daily flow rates corresponding to the objective (about 300 mg/d vitamin A palmitate) can be obtained without difficulty using a 75 cm2 membrane.

Claims (8)

1. An apparatus for continuous and regular liberation of an active principle into water for domestic use which comprises a receptacle for the active principle
5 which is impermeable to water and to the active principle, and which is provided with an opening closed by a membrane which is permeable to water and to the active principle and which has a mean pore diameter greater than 0.05 micron.
2. An apparatus according to claim 1, in 10 which the membrane is made of an organic polymer or copolymer or an inorganic polymer.
3. An apparatus according to claim 2 in which the said membrane is made of a polyacrylate, polyvinyl-chloride, a cellulose ester, a polysulphone,
15 polyvinylidenefluoride, a polycarbonate, polytetrafluoroethylene, or a ceramic membrane.
4. An apparatus according to claim 1, 2 or containing the active principle.
5. An apparatus according to claim 4, in 20 which the active principle is vitamin A or an ester of vitamin A.
6. An apparatus according to claim 4 or 5, in which the active principle is in a solid or liquid water dispersible form.
2.5
7. An· apparatus according *to claim 4 substantially as described in Example 1 or 2.
8. Method for the treatment of water for domestic consumption which comprises immersing in said water
APAP/P/1990/000204A 1989-09-11 1990-09-10 System for continuos liberation of vitamin A and other active principles into drinking water. AP154A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8911823A FR2651643B1 (en) 1989-09-11 1989-09-11 SYSTEM FOR THE CONTINUOUS RELEASE OF VITAMIN A IN THE FEEDING WATER.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
AP9000204A0 AP9000204A0 (en) 1990-10-31
AP154A true AP154A (en) 1991-11-05

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ID=9385300

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
APAP/P/1990/000204A AP154A (en) 1989-09-11 1990-09-10 System for continuos liberation of vitamin A and other active principles into drinking water.

Country Status (16)

Country Link
US (1) US5298248A (en)
EP (1) EP0418128B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH03106495A (en)
AP (1) AP154A (en)
AT (1) ATE91117T1 (en)
AU (1) AU639258B2 (en)
BR (1) BR9004696A (en)
CA (1) CA2024939A1 (en)
DE (1) DE69002091T2 (en)
DK (1) DK0418128T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2041515T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2651643B1 (en)
GR (1) GR3008378T3 (en)
IL (1) IL95629A0 (en)
OA (1) OA09310A (en)
ZA (1) ZA907132B (en)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5497763A (en) * 1993-05-21 1996-03-12 Aradigm Corporation Disposable package for intrapulmonary delivery of aerosolized formulations
US6065690A (en) * 1997-11-24 2000-05-23 O'brien; Daniel Tension actuated submerged liquid dispenser
US7452350B2 (en) * 2003-07-09 2008-11-18 Yeakley Rourke M Pre-dosed oral liquid medication dispensing system
JP2004309497A (en) * 2004-06-04 2004-11-04 Nippon Api Corp Liquid sample container for producing standard gas and standard gas producer
US8801688B2 (en) * 2008-10-14 2014-08-12 Mead Johnson Nutrition Company Nutritive substance delivery container
US8206368B2 (en) * 2010-01-18 2012-06-26 Rourke M. Yeakley Multi-chamber mixture dispensing system
US8109917B2 (en) * 2010-01-18 2012-02-07 Rourke M. Yeakley Twistable medication dispensing system
WO2011151157A1 (en) * 2010-05-31 2011-12-08 Unilever Nv A fortificant dispensing device

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DE696626C (en) * 1936-09-11 1940-09-25 Carbo Norit Union Verwaltungs
EP0262422A1 (en) * 1986-09-01 1988-04-06 Teikoku Seiyaku Kabushiki Kaisha Sustained release dosage form

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GB1312447A (en) * 1969-05-14 1973-04-04 Nat Res Dev Method of continuous addition of a component to a chemical or biological system and apparatus therefor
US3557989A (en) * 1969-05-19 1971-01-26 Scott Plastics Corp Permeable closure liner
US3760804A (en) * 1971-01-13 1973-09-25 Alza Corp Improved osmotic dispenser employing magnesium sulphate and magnesium chloride
US3760805A (en) * 1971-01-13 1973-09-25 Alza Corp Osmotic dispenser with collapsible supply container
US3916899A (en) * 1973-04-25 1975-11-04 Alza Corp Osmotic dispensing device with maximum and minimum sizes for the passageway
DE2403244C3 (en) * 1974-01-24 1980-12-04 Riedel-De Haen Ag, 3016 Seelze For gases permeable, liquid-tight shut-off device
US3946734A (en) * 1975-02-19 1976-03-30 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of State Apparatus for controlling the release of a drug
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US4300558A (en) * 1980-07-18 1981-11-17 Alza Corporation Self-driven fluid dispenser
AU591171B2 (en) * 1983-11-02 1989-11-30 Alza Corporation Dispenser for delivering thermo-responsive composition
US4618487A (en) * 1984-07-06 1986-10-21 Alza Corporation Device for administering calcium ascorbate
US4769144A (en) * 1986-01-24 1988-09-06 Alan R. Filson Water treatment apparatus
ZA873391B (en) * 1986-05-12 1987-11-04 Outdoor Industries Limited Chlorination of water

Patent Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE696626C (en) * 1936-09-11 1940-09-25 Carbo Norit Union Verwaltungs
EP0262422A1 (en) * 1986-09-01 1988-04-06 Teikoku Seiyaku Kabushiki Kaisha Sustained release dosage form

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0418128A1 (en) 1991-03-20
OA09310A (en) 1992-09-15
AU639258B2 (en) 1993-07-22
EP0418128B1 (en) 1993-06-30
DE69002091D1 (en) 1993-08-05
AP9000204A0 (en) 1990-10-31
ATE91117T1 (en) 1993-07-15
BR9004696A (en) 1991-09-10
ZA907132B (en) 1991-07-31
FR2651643B1 (en) 1993-06-18
DE69002091T2 (en) 1993-10-14
ES2041515T3 (en) 1993-11-16
GR3008378T3 (en) 1993-10-29
CA2024939A1 (en) 1991-03-12
FR2651643A1 (en) 1991-03-15
JPH03106495A (en) 1991-05-07
US5298248A (en) 1994-03-29
DK0418128T3 (en) 1993-08-16
IL95629A0 (en) 1991-06-30
AU6228190A (en) 1991-03-14

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