ZA200302228B - Method of treating fruit bearing plants - Google Patents
Method of treating fruit bearing plants Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ZA200302228B ZA200302228B ZA2003/02228A ZA200302228A ZA200302228B ZA 200302228 B ZA200302228 B ZA 200302228B ZA 2003/02228 A ZA2003/02228 A ZA 2003/02228A ZA 200302228 A ZA200302228 A ZA 200302228A ZA 200302228 B ZA200302228 B ZA 200302228B
- Authority
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- South Africa
- Prior art keywords
- normal
- period
- flowering
- trees
- angiosperm
- Prior art date
Links
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 39
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims description 81
- 241000218922 Magnoliophyta Species 0.000 claims description 53
- 239000005648 plant growth regulator Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000009105 vegetative growth Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 235000014826 Mangifera indica Nutrition 0.000 claims description 27
- 240000007228 Mangifera indica Species 0.000 claims description 22
- 244000025272 Persea americana Species 0.000 claims description 21
- 235000008673 Persea americana Nutrition 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N gibberellic acid GA3 Natural products OC(=O)C1C2(C3)CC(=C)C3(O)CCC2C2(C=CC3O)C1C3(C)C(=O)O2 IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- IXORZMNAPKEEDV-OBDJNFEBSA-N gibberellin A3 Chemical compound C([C@@]1(O)C(=C)C[C@@]2(C1)[C@H]1C(O)=O)C[C@H]2[C@]2(C=C[C@@H]3O)[C@H]1[C@]3(C)C(=O)O2 IXORZMNAPKEEDV-OBDJNFEBSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000005980 Gibberellic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000009758 senescence Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229930191978 Gibberellin Natural products 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003448 gibberellin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004883 flower formation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001850 reproductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003630 growth substance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 triazole compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 13
- RMOGWMIKYWRTKW-UONOGXRCSA-N (S,S)-paclobutrazol Chemical compound C([C@@H]([C@@H](O)C(C)(C)C)N1N=CN=C1)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 RMOGWMIKYWRTKW-UONOGXRCSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 235000004936 Bromus mango Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 235000009184 Spondias indica Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- UDPGUMQDCGORJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)CCCl UDPGUMQDCGORJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000005985 Paclobutrazol Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000005976 Ethephon Substances 0.000 description 6
- 241001093152 Mangifera Species 0.000 description 5
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 4
- YNWVFADWVLCOPU-MDWZMJQESA-N (1E)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pent-1-en-3-ol Chemical compound C1=NC=NN1/C(C(O)C(C)(C)C)=C/C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 YNWVFADWVLCOPU-MDWZMJQESA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005094 fruit set Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005089 fruit drop Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000026961 phloem transport Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003442 weekly effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/647—Triazoles; Hydrogenated triazoles
- A01N43/653—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N45/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, containing compounds having three or more carbocyclic rings condensed among themselves, at least one ring not being a six-membered ring
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N57/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds
- A01N57/18—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- A01N57/20—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds containing acyclic or cycloaliphatic radicals
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Description
METHOD OF TREATING FRUIT BEARING PLANTS :
Field of the Invention s
The invention relates to a method of treating fruit bearing plants to manipulate the timing of fruit bearing, especially to produce out-of-season crop. In particular, it relates to such treatment of angiosperms, especially but not exclusively to mango and avocado plants. :
Most angiosperms in the form of fruit bearing plants produce crop according to fixed seasons and this is particularly the case with mango and avocado plants in - sub-tropical regions. For example, in South Africa mangoes reach picking maturity from December to April (the normal season) and avocados reach : picking maturity from March to September (the normal season). [t will be appreciated that the normal season changes due to climatic conditions and may be different for different fruit varieties and geographical locations. - In order to provide fruit such as mango and avocado out-of-season, the fruit often has to be imported from other countries where it is in-season at the time.
For example, in the out-of-season period in South Africa, mangoes and avocados are often imported from West Africa or Israel.
It is known that fruit bearing angiosperms such as mango and avocado flower after a season of stress, e.g. a dry and/or cold season. In sub-tropical countries flowering takes place after winter which is a dry and/or cold season. In the tropics the seasons are not always defined as clearly as in the sub-fropics but flowering usually takes place after the dry season. However, it is known to manipulate angiosperms in the tropics in an effort to obtain year round - production of fruit.
For example it is known to treat mango trees in the tropics in one or more ofthe following ways to induce earlier flowering and thereby producing mangoes year round: i) administering paclobutrazol to trees; ii) reducing water supply to trees; iii) administering ethephon to trees; and iv) administering KNO; to trees.
However, none of the above methods or combinations thereof is suitable to produce out-of-season fruit in sub-tropical regions, especially in the case of mangoes and avocados, as these treatments don't inhibit normal season fruitset, resulting in trees bearing a normal and out-of-season crop. This inevitably leads to complications conceming the manageability and sustainability of the desired out-of-season fruiting concept.
The inventors of the present invention have now developed a new method of treating fruit bearing angiosperms, especially mango trees and avocado frees to manipulate the timing of fruit bearing, especially to produce out-of-season crop.
According to the present invention a method of treating a fruit bearing angiosperm to manipulate the timing of fruit bearing comprises the steps of: - inhibiting fruit formation during the normal fruit formation period by - inhibiting flowering during the normal flowering period of the angiosperm by enhancing vegetative growth of the angiosperm during said normal flowering period; or - destruction of flowers during the normal flowering period of the angiosperm; and - thereafter treating the angiosperm to obtain flowering and accordingly fruit bearing at a period not normal for the angiosperm.
The method especially relates to a method of treating fruit bearing angiosperms to produce out-of-season crop.
Different methods in respect of different angiosperms are known to those skilled in the art to inhibit or destruct flowering during the normal flowering period and also to obtain flowering of angiosperms during a period which is not normal for the angiosperms. Up to now, these methods have not been combined and used to manipulate the timing of fruit bearing.
INHIBITION OR DESTRUCTION OF NORMAL PERIOD FLOWERING
Inhibition of flowering during the normal flowering period by enhancing - vegetative growth of the angiosperm may be achieved by administering a plant growth regulator to the angiosperm. The plant growth regulator may comprise one which enhances vegetative growth by increasing gibberellin levels in the angiosperm. The plant growth regulator may comprise a gibbereliin substance or a gibberellin-like substance, including gibberellic acid.
It will be appreciated that the timing, and dosage rate of administration of the plant growth regulator will depend on factors such as the type of plant growth regulator, the method of application, the angiosperm to be treated, the location of the angiosperm and the period for how long flower inhibition is required.
The plant growth regulator will usually be administered in the period prior to flower formation, but how long before flower formation again depends on factors such as those mentioned above.
For example, in the case of mango frees located in subtropical areas, gibberellic acid may be administered (e.g. by foliar spray) during fall and/or winter to inhibit flowering during the normal flowering period. If this is followed by the further manipulation treatment, fruit may be produced for picking during late fall, winter, spring and early summer of the following year. In a southem hemisphere country like South Africa this means that gibberellic acid treatment during
March/April to July of year 1 can inhibit flowering during the normal flowering period in August/September of year 1, and if followed by the further manipulation treatment, can cause mango trees to produce fruit for picking from
May fo October/November of year 2.
Inthe case of avocado trees located in sub-tropical areas, gibberellic acid may : be administered (e.g. by injection) during the period fate summer to fal to inhibit ~ flowering during the normal flowering period. If this is followed by the further manipulation treatment, fruit may be produced for picking during the summer after the summer following the period late summer to fall when the gibberellic acidwas administered. In a southern hemisphere country like South Africa this means that gibberellic acid treatment during January to May of year 1 to inhibit : flowering during the normal flowering period of late July to October of year 1, and if followed by the further manipulation treatment can cause avocado trees to produce fruit for picking during November of year 2 to February of year 3
It will be appreciated that the timing and duration of treatment to enhance vegetative growth may be varied as required to produce fruit for picking at a certain desired time.
The plant growth regulator used to enhance vegetative growth may be ‘administered more than once. The concentration and dosage rate will also . depend on the situation.
The above mentioned plant growth regulator may be administered in any suitable manner e.g. by spraying, injecting, stem painting, of drenching, and combinations thereof.
Alternatively, but preferably additionally, enhancement of vegetative growth during the normal flowering period may be achieved by pruning the angiosperm.
Preferably the angiosperm is pruned prior to administration of the plant growth regulator used to enhance vegetative growth . In cases of angiosperms where pruning of previously fruiting shoots is normally required to improve vegetative growth after harvest, the step of pruning will usually be carried out. in the case of mango trees, the trees are preferably pruned prior to administering the plant growth regulator used to enhance vegetative growth. Pruning is preferably done by the selective removal of the apical bud and/or fruiting shoot from the previous fruiting season. This results in the development of vegetative flushes from the normally inhibited axillary buds adjacent to the point of cutting. The type of pruning described above for mango trees is usually not required in the case of avocado trees.
Destruction of flowers during the normal flowering period can be done mechanically or by hand.
Alternatively the angiosperm may be chemically treated to destruct flowers during the normal flowering period. The angiosperm may be chemically treated by administering a substance which prevents fruit set and/or administering an abscission-enhancing agent. The plant may be chemically treated by a source of ethylene, such as ethephon. Treatment to destruct flowering during the normal flowering period is especially suitable in the case of avocado trees and may be carried out instead of vegetative growth : enhancement. Treatment to remove flowers during the normal flowering period may, but will usually not be considered in the case of mango trees. )
In the case of avocado trees removal or destruction of flowers during the normal flowering period is preferably carried out at full bloom during the normal flowering period. In South Africa this will be during fate July to October.
OBTAINING OUT-OF-SEASON FLOWERING
Out-of-season flowering that is flowering at a period not normal for the angiosperm may be obtained by administering a plant growth regulator which inhibits vegetative growth and/or enhances reproductive development.
Preferably the plant growth regulator inhibits biosynthesis of gibberellin. The
: plant growth regulator may comprise a triazole compound (e.g. paclobutrazol or uniconazole).
The above mentioned plant growth regulator may be administered in any suitable manner e.g. by spraying, injecting, stem painting, drenching, and combinations thereof. In the case of mango trees paclobutrazol may be administered as a soil drench.
Out-of-season flowering may also be obtained by reducing water supply to the angiosperm, especially in the case of mango trees. In the case of mango trees reduction of water supply will usually take place after administration of the plant growth regulator which inhibits vegetative growth and/or enhances reproductive development. The reduction of water supply may include stopping irrigation for a certain period.
Out-of-season flowering may also be obtained by administering a senescence enhancing agent to the angiosperm. The agent may comprise a source of ethylene, and preferably it comprises ethephon. In the case of mango trees this method of obtaining flowering may be used in combination with one or more of the preceding methods (preferably both) to obtain out-of-season flowering. The agent may be applied after wafer reduction treatment. Ethephon may be administered in any suitable manner e.g. by spraying.
Out-of-season flowering may also be obtained by administering a source of oo fertilizer to the angiosperm, especially in the case of mango trees. | Preferably the fertilizer comprises a source of nitrogen, preferably a source of nitrate eg.
KNOs; and/or NH,NO. In one embodiment the source of fertilizer may comprise
KNO;, preferably at a high concentration, and preferably it is administered by foliar spray. The source of fertilizer may be administered more than once, depending on the situation. The fertilizer treatment may be used in combination with one or more ofthe preceding methods (preferably all of them) to obtain out- of-season flowering. Preferably the source of fertilizer is administered after administering the senescence enhancing agent.
Out-of-season flowering may also be obtained by a method which temporarily disrupts and/or alters the angiosperm’s normal transport system for growth regulators and assimilates in the bark (more specifically in the phloem).
Preferably this can be achieved by girdling. A girdled tree is one in which the : phloem is completely severed, either by a narrow incision (cincture) or by the removal from the trunk of a more or less wide cylinder of bark (girdle). This method is especially applicable in the case of avocado trees, and multiple girdiing may enhance the effectiveness of the treatment. oo
Subsequent to out-of-season flowering the plants may be treated in the normal manner, including treatment to enhance fruit retention. For example, in the . oo case of avocado trees uniconazole or paclobutrazol may be applied to the out-
of-season flowers to enhance fruit retention.
TREATMENT OF MANGO TREES
According to one aspect of the present invention a method of treating mango trees to manipulate the timing of fruit bearing comprises the steps of: - inhibiting fruit formation during the normal fruit formation period by inhibiting flowering during the normal flowering period for the mango trees by administering a plant growth regulator to the trees to enhance vegetative growth of the trees during said normal period; and - thereafter treating the trees to obtain flowering and accordingly fruit bearing during a period not normal for the frees by administering to the trees a plant growth regulator which inhibits vegetative growth, and by administering a fertilizer to the trees.
Preferably the trees are pruned prior to administering the plant growth regulator to the plant to cause vegetative growth.
Out-of-season flowering may be obtained by one, but preferably all of the following additional methods: - reducing water supply to the trees; and - administering a senescence enhancing agent to the trees.
SU WO 03/032732 | y | PCT/ZA02/00154
TREATMENT OF AVOCADO TREES : : According to one aspect of the present invention a method of treating avocado trees to manipulate the timing of fruit bearing comprises the steps of: - inhibiting fruit formation during the normal fruit formation period by - inhibiting flowering during the normal flowering period of the trees by enhancing vegetative growth of the trees during said normal period by administration of a plant growth regulator to the trees; or - by destruction of flowers during normal flowering period; and - thereafter treating the trees to obtain flowering and accordingly fruit bearing during a period not normal for the trees by girdling the trees.
The invention also relates to fruit yielded by angiosperms treated according to the method set out above.
The invention will now be further described by means of the following non- limiting examples.
Example 1
Treatment of mango trees (Mangifera indica L.) to disrupt the normal phenological cycle thereby to produce an out-of-season crop under sub-tropical h conditions (the months mentioned relate to the southern hemisphere).
© WO 03/032732 , PCT/ZA02/00154 (a) Enhancing vegetative growth to inhibit flowering during the normal flowering period.
Mango trees located in the district Hoedspruit at Mariepskop Estate in the
Limpopo Province, a sub-tropical region in South Africa, were pruned during the period April to May by selectively removing 1 to 3 terminal flushes and any remaining flower panicles from the previous fruiting season.
After pruning gibberellic acid foliar spray was sprayed on to emerging soft flushes of the plants at weekly intervals using a 3D nozzle size. The gibberellic acid foliar spray comprised ProGibb®4% (32g/l gibberellic acid) and had an active ingredient concentration of 250 ppm at a spray volume of 22 per tree. Trees had a canopy diameter of 2.5m and a height of 2m.
This was carried out for 3 weeks and ensured the production of an appropriate bearing shoot on most of the branches consisting of at least two vegetative flushes. This treatment was discontinued in mid June when sufficient vegetative growth was achieved on trees. (b) Obtaining out-of-season flowering
Cultar © (250g/1 paclobutrazol) was administered to the trees as a soil drench 10 weeks after the last gibberellic acid treatment, that is the paclobutrazol was administered during the last part of August. The Cultar was applied at a rate of 1g active ingredient/meter canopy diameter. The paclobutrazol suppressed vegetative growth resulting in shortened intemodes.
Eight weeks after the paclobutrazol application, irrigation was suspended for a period of 5 to 8 weeks until the trees were in full flower (out-of- season flowering).
Ethrel® (480g/l ethephon) at a concentration of 400 ppm active ingredient was applied as a foliar spray one week after suspension of itrigation.at a frequency of once a week for three consecutive weeks at a spray volume of 2 to 3Wtree (canopy diameter: 2.5m; tree height: 2m). Drooping of leaves was an indication that sufficient Ethre/° had been applied.
A week after the last application of Ethref° , KNO; (380g/kgK, 130g/kgN) at a concentration of 15.2g/IK and 5.2g/l N was applied once a week as a foliar spray for three consecutive weeks at a spray volume of 2 to 3i/tree (canopy diameter: 2.5m; tree height: 2m). Swollen out-of-season flower buds were present during the last application and full bloom occurred about fourteen days later.
The fruit reached picking maturity from June to October as opposed to
December to April which is the normal season.
Example 2
Treatment of avocado trees (Persea americana Mill.) to disrupt the normal phenological cycle thereby to produce an out-of-season crop under sub-tropical conditions (the months mentioned relate to the southern hemisphere). (a) Destruction of flowers during the normal flowering period.
Avocado trees located in the district of Letaba at Westfalia Estate in the
Limpopo Province, a sub-tropical region in South Africa were treated with a de-flowering spray during the normal flowering period (late July to
October), using Ethref° (480g/l ethephon) at a concentration of 1g active ingredient. A light canopy spray was applied to inflorescences when individual flowers were open, at a spray volume of 6¥/tree. Flowers died and dropped within four weeks after the Ethrel® application. (bp) Obtaining out-of-season flowering
The trees were girdled during late October/early November by using a girdling tool or pruning saw forming cuts which vary between 0,5 and 2cm wide. All main branches were girdied leaving one smaller branch as a breather branch. This ensures the continuation of some phloem-transport to the roots of the plant, thereby reducing stress caused by girdling. The first swollen out-of-season flower buds were observed in mid December and out-of-season flowering commenced in late January and February. : (c) Enhancement of out-of-season fruit retention and yield
Sunny® (50g/! uniconazole) at a concentration of 0.5g active ingredient/{ was applied once as a light canopy spray when trees were: in full bloom (individual flowers were open). This treatment caused enhanced fruit retention (i.e. reduced fruit drop) and subsequently improved yield.
The fruit reached picking maturity from November to February as opposed to the normal season March to September. it will be appreciated that many variations in detail are possible without thereby departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (18)
1. A method of treating a fruit bearing angiosperm to manipulate the timing of fruit bearing comprising the steps of: - inhibiting fruit formation during the normal fruit formation period by - inhibiting flowering during the normal flowering period of the angiosperm by enhancing vegetative growth of the angiosperm during said normal flowering period; or - destruction of flowers during the normal flowering period of the ‘angiosperm; and - thereafter treating the angiosperm to obtain flowering and accordingly fruit bearing at a period not normal for the angiosperm.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein inhibition of flowering during the normal flowering period by enhancing vegetative growth of the angiosperm is : achieved by administering a plant growth regulator to the angiosperm in the period prior to flower formation which plant growth regulatorenhances vegetative growth by increasing gibberellin levels in the angiosperm.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the plant growth regulator comprises gibberellic acid.
4. The method of either one of claims 1 to 3 wherein enhancement of vegetative growth during the normal flowering period is further achieved by pruning the angiosperm. :
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the angiosperm is chemically treated to : destruct flowers during the normal flowering period by administering a source of ethylene to the angiosperm. :
6. The method of claim 5 wherein the destruction of flowers during the normal flowering period carried out at full bloom during the normal ) flowering period.
7. The method of any one of the preceding claims wherein flowering at a - period not normal for the angiosperm is obtained by administering a plant growth regulator which inhibits vegetative growth and/or enhances reproductive development.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein the plant growth regulator inhibits biosynthesis of gibberellin.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein the plant growth regulator comprises a triazole compound.
10. The method of any one of the preceding claims wherein flowering at a period not normal for the angiosperm is obtained by reducing water supply to the angiosperm.
11. The method of any one of the preceding claims wherein flowering at a ‘period not normal for the angiosperm is obtained by administering a senescence enhancing agent to the angiosperm.
12. The method of any one of the preceding claims wherein flowering at a period not normal for the angiosperm is obtained by administering a source of fertilizer to the angiosperm.
13. The method of any one of claims 1 to 6 wherein flowering at a period not normal for the angiosperm is obtained by a method which temporarily disrupts and/or alters the angiosperm’s normal transport system for growth regulators and assimilates in the bark.
14. A method of treating mango trees to manipulate the timing of fruit bearing comprising the steps of: _ inhibiting fruit formation during the normal fruit formation period by - inhibiting flowering during the normal flowering period for the mango trees by administering a plant growth regulator to the trees to enhance vegetative growth of the trees during said normal period; and
"wom: i” PCT/ZA02/00154 - thereafter treating the trees to obtain flowering and accordingly fruit bearing during a period not normal for the trees by administering to the trees a plant growth regulator which inhibits vegetative growth, and by administering a fertilizer to the trees.
15. The method of claim 14 wherein the trees are pruned prior to administering the plant growth regulator to the plant to cause vegetative growth. oo
16. The method of either one of claims 14 or 15 wherein flowering at a period and normal for the trees is obtained by reducing water supply to the trees; and administering a senescence enhancing agent to the trees.
17. A method of treating avocado trees to manipulate the timing of fruit bearing comprising the steps of: - inhibiting fruit formation during the normal fruit formation period by - inhibiting flowering during the normal flowering period of the trees - by enhancing vegetative growth of the trees during said normal period by administration of a plant growth regulator to the trees; or - by destruction of flowers during normal flowering period; and - thereafter treating the trees to obtain flowering and accordingly fruit bearing during a period not normal for the trees by girdling the trees.
18. Fruit yielded by angiosperms treated according to the method of any one . of the preceding claims.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ZA200108478 | 2001-10-16 | ||
| PCT/ZA2002/000154 WO2003032732A1 (en) | 2001-10-16 | 2002-10-10 | Method of treating fruit bearing plants |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ZA200302228B true ZA200302228B (en) | 2005-04-26 |
Family
ID=25589347
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ZA2003/02228A ZA200302228B (en) | 2001-10-16 | 2003-03-20 | Method of treating fruit bearing plants |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AP (1) | AP1686A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2003032732A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200302228B (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2009016628A2 (en) * | 2007-07-31 | 2009-02-05 | Gavish-Galilee Bio Applications Ltd | Use of uniconazole as a fruit thinning agent |
| CN109221235A (en) * | 2018-09-18 | 2019-01-18 | 吴江市黎里心怡农业科技有限公司 | A kind of chemical fruit preservative of Cuiguan pear |
| CN111149597B (en) * | 2020-01-08 | 2022-04-01 | ***三桦石柳生态农业开发有限责任公司 | Flower and fruit management method for autumn anti-season Or citrus |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB8502424D0 (en) * | 1985-01-31 | 1985-03-06 | Pharis R P | Promotion of flowering fruit trees |
| US4834790A (en) * | 1986-12-31 | 1989-05-30 | Del Monte Corporation | Method of treating pineapples to inhibit opening of the pineapple flowers |
| JP3586895B2 (en) * | 1994-08-24 | 2004-11-10 | 住友化学工業株式会社 | How to increase soybean sales |
| AU1108101A (en) * | 1999-11-08 | 2001-06-06 | Forsyth, Alastair James | Method of treating plants |
-
2002
- 2002-10-10 AP APAP/P/2004/003000A patent/AP1686A/en active
- 2002-10-10 WO PCT/ZA2002/000154 patent/WO2003032732A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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2003
- 2003-03-20 ZA ZA2003/02228A patent/ZA200302228B/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AP2004003000A0 (en) | 2004-03-31 |
| AP1686A (en) | 2006-12-01 |
| WO2003032732A1 (en) | 2003-04-24 |
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