WO2024132092A1 - Nœud de réseau et procédé dans un réseau de communications sans fil - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
- H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
- H04B17/391—Modelling the propagation channel
- H04B17/3912—Simulation models, e.g. distribution of spectral power density or received signal strength indicator [RSSI] for a given geographic region
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
- H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
- H04B17/391—Modelling the propagation channel
- H04B17/3911—Fading models or fading generators
Definitions
- Embodiments herein relate to a network node and a method therein. In some aspects, they relate to emulating a radio channel between a base station and a User Equipment (UE) in a wireless communications network.
- UE User Equipment
- wireless devices also known as wireless communication devices, mobile stations, stations (STA) and/or User Equipment (UE), communicate via a Wide Area Network or a Local Area Network such as a Wi-Fi network or a cellular network comprising a Radio Access Network (RAN) part and a Core Network (CN) part.
- RAN Radio Access Network
- CN Core Network
- the RAN covers a geographical area which is divided into service areas or cell areas, which may also be referred to as a beam or a beam group, with each service area or cell area being served by a radio network node such as a radio access node e.g., a Wi-Fi access point, a Base Station (BS) or a radio base station (RBS), which in some networks may also be denoted, for example, a Base Station (BS), a NodeB, eNodeB (eNB), or gNodeB (gNB) as denoted in Fifth Generation (5G) telecommunications.
- a service area or cell area is a geographical area where radio coverage is provided by the radio network node.
- the radio network node communicates over an air interface operating on a radio frequency with the wireless devices within the range of the radio network node.
- 3rd Generation Partnership Project is the standardization body for specifying the standards for the cellular system evolution, e.g., including 3G, 4G, 5G and the future evolutions. Specifications for Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E- UTRA) and Evolved Packet System (EPS) have been completed within the 3GPP.
- E- UTRA Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access
- EPS Evolved Packet System
- 4G also called a Fourth Generation (4G) network
- EPS is core network
- E-UTRA is radio access network.
- 5G 5G
- 5GC is core network
- NR radio access network.
- Frequency bands for 5G NR are being separated into two different frequency ranges, Frequency Range 1 (FR1) and Frequency Range 2 (FR2).
- FR1 comprises sub-6 GHz frequency bands. Some of these bands are bands traditionally used by legacy standards but have been extended to cover potential new spectrum offerings from 410 MHz to 7125 MHz.
- FR2 comprises frequency bands from 24.25 GHz to 52.6 GHz. Bands in this millimeter wave range have shorter range but higher available bandwidth than bands in the FR1.
- Multi-antenna techniques may significantly increase the data rates and reliability of a wireless communication system.
- a single user such as UE, and a base station (BS)
- the performance is in particular improved if both the transmitter and the receiver are equipped with multiple antennas, which results in a Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) communication channel.
- MIMO Multiple-Input Multiple-Output
- SU Single-User
- MIMO enables the users to communicate with the base station simultaneously using the same time-frequency resources by spatially separating the users, which increases further the cell capacity.
- MU Multi-User
- MU-MIMO may benefit when each UE only has one antenna.
- the cell capacity can be increased linearly with respect to the number of antennas at the BS side. Due to that, more and more antennas are employed in BS.
- Such systems and/or related techniques are commonly referred to as massive MIMO.
- Radio channel emulation and simulation are important for supporting systems and technologies for radio communication. They aim to mimic some aspects of real radio environments, and vary in their complexity, flexibility, and realism.
- Radio channel simulation is often used when studying signal waveforms and signal processing algorithms. Simulators are typically implemented in software on standard compute platforms, and generally run slower than the target systems they are aimed for.
- Radio channel emulation is similar but is often connected to real communication systems for testing and verification.
- Emulators are typically running in real-time speed and use dedicated hardware. They are often relatively expensive compared to standard compute platforms.
- a new and promising application is digital twins.
- a digital twin is a virtual representation of a real-world physical system or product, a physical twin, that serves as the indistinguishable digital counterpart of it for practical purposes, such as system simulation, integration, testing, monitoring, and maintenance.
- the new and promising application digital twins comprises modern software and hardware technologies making it possible to deploy almost entire radio communication systems as software on standard compute platforms.
- the exception is the radio-frequency parts, including radio transmitters and receivers, antennas, and the radio propagation environment itself. This creates a desire to employ radio channel emulation as software on standard compute platforms, to enable full digital twins for radio communication systems.
- a received signal is then typically computed as the sum of the received signals from multiple transmitters, considering all the relevant radio channels for that receiver.
- Some channel models are defined as part of communication standards, for example by organizations such as 3GPP, and used for formal verification of communication equipment as part of a certification process. Such models are often stochastic in nature and might define random characteristics for the radio channel parameters.
- a digital twin it may be desired to instead model specific scenarios, for example based on virtual 3D environments with objects such as buildings that may affect the radio channel in various ways. This enables a higher degree of realism and study of particularly interesting scenarios, for example dynamic scenarios with moving user terminals and where obstacles appear dynamically. To be able to model such scenarios may be important, e.g., for machine learning.
- a radio channel is often modeled as a set of channel taps, each defined by a complex amplitude e.g. comprising attenuation and phase shift, and a delay.
- the set of channel taps can be converted to a discrete impulse response.
- An impulse response when used herein e.g. means a set of taps for a Transmission (TX)/ Reception (RX) port pair that are valid for the same time instance.
- the impulse response may be used to calculate the received signal by means of convolution with the transmitted signal.
- the impulse response may be converted to a frequency response, which often leads to more efficient computation of the received signal.
- a frequency response when used herein e.g. means a complex valued amplitude for a set of frequencies where the frequency density is inversely related to the time length for which the frequency response is valid.
- This conversion of the impulse response to a frequency response may be done by applying a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) to both the impulse response and a part of the transmitted signal, then multiplying the two together, and finally applying the Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT).
- DFT Discrete Fourier Transform
- IDFT Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform
- the coefficients of the impulse response are often computed by grouping the channel taps by the coefficients they belong to and summing their amplitudes.
- the grouping is based on the tap delays. This means that the tap delays need to match the sampling intervals, or otherwise need to be quantized to the sampling intervals.
- a fundamental problem is the computation burden when implementing radio channel emulation.
- a fundamental problem is the computation burden when implementing radio channel emulation.
- Factors that contribute to the processing complexity include the bandwidth, the number of radio transmitters and receivers, the complexity of the modeled radio channel, and the required realism.
- a 5G NR system often employs a bandwidth of 100 MHz, requiring a sampling rate of about 108 samples per second.
- a meaningful digital twin may require at least a few, say 5, radio base stations, each with a least a few, say 4, radio antennas, amounting to a total of at least 20 radio transmitters in the downlink.
- the number of transmitters may be much higher.
- the channel complexity may be expressed in the number of taps or the length of the impulse response.
- the impulse response might be 500 ns, corresponding to about 50 samples at 100 MHz.
- CMAC Complex Multiply-and-Accumulate
- the impulse response needs to be computed. Further, in future 6G systems the burden may be even higher, e.g., due to further increased bandwidths.
- a moving UE results in time-varying tap delays.
- each tap will stay associated with one coefficient until it moves across a sampling boundary, which will cause a jump in the impulse response.
- An object of embodiments herein is to improve the performance in a wireless communications network using emulation of radio channels digital twins.
- the object is achieved by a network node configured to emulate a radio channel between a base station and a User Equipment, UE, in a wireless communications network.
- the network node is further configured to:
- each channel tap out of the set of channel taps is defined by a gain and a delay
- Figure 1 is a schematic block diagram illustrating embodiments of a wireless communications network.
- Figure 2 is a flowchart depicting an embodiment of a method in a network node.
- Figure 3 is a schematic block diagram illustrating an embodiment herein.
- Figure 4 is a schematic block diagram illustrating an embodiment herein.
- Figure 5 is a schematic block diagram illustrating an embodiment herein.
- Figure 6 is a schematic block diagram illustrating an embodiment herein.
- Figure 7 is a schematic block diagram illustrating embodiments of a network node.
- Figure 9 is a generalized block diagram of a host computer communicating via a base station with a user equipment over a partially wireless connection.
- Figures 12-13 are flowcharts illustrating methods implemented in a communication system including a host computer, a base station, and a user equipment.
- Examples of embodiments herein provide a method for efficient radio channel emulation for digital twins.
- a frequency response of a signal transmitted in a radio channel is computed directly from channel taps, for a desired frequency.
- the frequency response is then applied to the transmitted signal by multiplying with its frequency-domain representation.
- a frequency response of transmitted signals of each respective radio channel is computed directly from the channel taps, for each desired frequency. This computation may be done independently for each frequency, potentially in parallel across compute resources. The frequency response may then be applied to the respective transmitted signal by multiplying with its frequency-domain representation.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic overview depicting a wireless communications network 100 wherein embodiments herein may be implemented.
- the wireless communications network 100 comprises one or more RANs and one or more CNs.
- the wireless communications network 100 may use 5G NR but may further use a number of other different technologies, such as, 6G, Wi-Fi, (LTE), LTE-Advanced, Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), Global System for Mobile communications/enhanced Data rate for GSM Evolution (GSM/EDGE), or Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), just to mention a few possible implementations.
- 6G Wi-Fi
- LTE Long Term Evolution
- WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
- GSM/EDGE Global System for Mobile communications/enhanced Data rate for GSM Evolution
- UMB Ultra Mobile Broadband
- Base stations such as a base station 111 , and one or more second base stations 112, 113 operate in the wireless communications network 100.
- Each respective base station 111 , 112, 113 e.g. provides a number of cells and may use these cells for communicating with UEs such as e.g. a UE 121 , and one or more second UEs 122, 123.
- the respective base station 111 , 112, 113 may e.g. be a transmission and reception point e.g.
- a radio access network node such as a base station, a radio base station, a NodeB, an evolved Node B (eNB, eNodeB, eNode B), an NR/g Node B (gNB), a base transceiver station, a radio remote unit, an Access Point Base Station, a base station router, a transmission arrangement of a radio base station, a stand-alone access point, a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) access point, an Access Point Station (AP STA), an access controller, a UE acting as an access point or a peer in a Device to Device (D2D) communication, or any other network unit capable of communicating with a UE served by the respective base station 111 , 112, 113 depending e.g. on the radio access technology and terminology used.
- WLAN Wireless Local Area Network
- AP STA Access Point Station
- D2D Device to Device
- the UEs operate in the wireless communications network 100, such as e.g. the UE 121 , and the one or more second UEs 122, 123.
- the respective UE 121 , 122, 123 may e.g. be an NR device, a mobile station, a wireless terminal, an NB-loT device, an enhanced Machine Type Communication (eMTC) device, an NR RedCap device, a CAT-M device, a Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) device, Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) device, a Vehicle-to- Pedestrian (V2P) device, a Vehicle-to-lnfrastructure (V2I) device, and a Vehicle-to- Network (V2N) device, a Wi-Fi device, an LTE device and a non-access point (non-AP) STA, a STA, that communicates via a base station such as e.g.
- a base station such as e
- the network node 110 one or more Access Networks (AN), e.g. RAN, to one or more core networks (CN).
- AN Access Networks
- CN core networks
- the UE relates to a non-limiting term which means any UE, terminal, wireless communication terminal, user equipment, (D2D) terminal, or node e.g. smart phone, laptop, mobile phone, sensor, relay, mobile tablets or even a small base station communicating within a cell.
- D2D user equipment
- Network nodes operate in the wireless communications network 100, such as e.g., a network node 131 and possibly one or more second network nodes 132, 133.
- the network node 131 , 132, 133 may each e.g. be referred to as a Radio Channel Emulator (RCE) node 131 , 132, 133. and may possibly be located in a cloud 135.
- RCE Radio Channel Emulator
- Methods herein may in one aspect be performed by the network node 131.
- a Distributed Node (DN) and functionality e.g. comprised in the cloud 135 as shown in Figure 1 , may be used for performing or partly performing the methods of embodiments herein.
- Example embodiments herein provide methods to compute and emulate the radio channel directly in the frequency domain.
- the method may be performed in parallel over multiple threads and/or nodes.
- a thread when used herein e.g. means a set of computations logically computed in sequence on e.g. a CPU core.
- OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
- SINR Singla to Interference Noise Ratio
- a direct calculation of the frequency response as e.g., used in the method has the benefit of better Single Instruction, Multiple Data (SIMD) and/or multi-threading performance in a single node but also a possibility to parallelize the work between multiple Graphics Processing Units (GPU)s and/or Central Processing Units (CPU)s in the same server and/or between multiple servers.
- SIMD Single Instruction, Multiple Data
- GPU Graphics Processing Unit
- CPU Central Processing Units
- both the signal and the interference may preferably be modeled in the same frequency according to prior art, thus it is much less efficient to parallelize over UEs/BSs. Due to multiantenna techniques such as beam-forming, precoding and receiver interference rejection it is not typically possible to efficiently divide antennas over multiple servers/nodes. This means that without embodiments herein, it is not possible to parallelize the work to the same extent due to this limitation.
- Another benefit of embodiments herein is that by computing and emulating the radio channel directly in the frequency domain, the computations may be performed only on the subcarriers used for data transmission. Thus when there are extremely many transmissions where most are extremely small these small transmissions are very efficiently computed.
- Embodiments herein enable real-time digital twin operation of larger radio networks which earlier were prohibited by the limitations of available compute power available from a single thread and/or CPU and/or GPU and/or server. Further it enables limiting channel calculations for only used frequencies. Embodiments herein may further enable more efficient operation of radio networks, machine learning and Al using digital twin operation and also cloud-based radio network testing otherwise impossible. Embodiments herein may also enable efficient distribution of data to multiple instances of radio channel emulators by only transmitting the used bandwidth to the radio channel emulators handling those frequencies.
- FIG. 2 shows exemplary embodiments of a method performed by the network node 131.
- the network node 131 may e.g. be referred to as a Radio Channel Emulator (RCE) node.
- the method is for emulating a radio channel between the base station 111 and the UE 121 in the wireless communications network 100.
- the emulating of the radio channel may e.g. be for digital twin operation.
- the radio channel is a combined channel.
- a channel comprising multiple combined channels. This is e.g. to include multiple layers in a MIMO transmission and interfering UEs. This is an advantage since in modern radio networks MIMO is used to increase throughput and interference is important to predict the performance and or suppress interference from and/or to co-scheduled UEs.
- the combined channel comprises a first radio channel and one or more second radio channels.
- the first radio channel is between the base station 111 and the UE 121 .
- the one or more second radio channels each are between respective one or more second base stations 112, 113 and second UEs 122, 123. E.g., such that one second radio channel is between the second base station 112, and the second UE 122, and another second radio channel is between the second base station 113, and the second UE 123.
- Any one or more out of the network node 131 , the base stations 111 , 112, 113 and the UEs 121 , 122, 123 may be virtual nodes in the cloud 135.
- the method comprises the following actions, which actions may be taken in any suitable order.
- Optional actions are referred to as dashed boxes in Figure 2.
- the signal In order to compute a frequency response later on, for a set of frequencies used by a transmitted signal in the radio channel, the signal need to be transmitted in a frequency domain.
- the signal is transmitted in a time domain.
- the network node 131 may receive data from an adaptor entity related to the base station 111.
- the data is data related to the transmitted signal, transformed into a frequency domain, also referred to as a frequency domain split.
- a frequency domain split By using the data transformed into the frequency domain, it is possible to compute a frequency response, for a set of frequencies used by the transmitted signal when transmitted in the time domain. This will be explained more in detail below.
- the network node 131 models the radio channel as a set of channel taps. This is e.g. to capture the real environment where multiple propagation paths will result in multiple copies of a signal receiving at the receiver, attenuated, and distorted depending on the propagation conditions.
- Each channel tap out of the set of channel taps is defined by a gain and a delay. This may mean that each tap represents one copy of the signal.
- Both the transmitted signal and interference in the channel may be modelled in the same frequency in the modelling of the radio channel. This is e.g. to capture that the two or more signals interact when receiving at the receiver after bandpass filtering the signal to only include the frequencies occupied by the signal.
- the network node 131 computes a frequency response of the radio channel directly from the set of channel taps.
- Computing the frequency response of the radio channel directly from the set of channel taps means, for example, that no transformation to and from time domain is used.
- the frequency response is computed for a set of frequencies used by a transmitted signal in the radio channel based on the gain and the delay of the set of channel taps.
- the computing of the frequency response of the radio channel directly from the set of channel taps is performed directly from each respective channel tap out of the set of channel taps.
- the frequency response is computed for a set of frequencies used by respective multiple transmitted signals aggregated in the combined radio channel.
- the computing is based on the gain and the delay of respective sets of channel taps.
- the multiple transmitted signals are transmitted between the base stations 111 , 112, 113, and the UEs 121 , 122, 123 respectively.
- the set of frequencies may comprise one or more frequencies of a respective subcarrier used for data transmission. This means that each subcarrier may independently be calculated without synchronization distributed over different threads and or compute units.
- the network node 131 has received data transformed into the frequency domain. In these embodiments the network node 131 uses the data to compute a frequency response for the set of frequencies corresponding to the time used by the transmitted signal transmitted in the time domain.
- the network node 131 then emulates the radio channel by applying the computed frequency response to the transmitted signal. This is performed by multiplying the computed frequency response with a frequency domain representation of the signal transmitted on the set of a frequencies. This means that the signal after passing through the channel as represented on each frequency may independently be calculated without synchronization distributed over different threads and or compute units This will be described more in detail below.
- network node 131 applies the computed frequency response to the aggregated multiple transmitted signals by multiplying the computed frequency response with a frequency domain representation of the multiple signals transmitted on the set of a frequencies.
- channel data and signals may be calculated and combined as represented on each frequency and may independently be calculated without synchronization distributed over different threads and or compute units.
- nodes herein such as e.g. the base stations 111 , 112, 113, and UEs, such as UEs 121 , 122, 123
- embodiments herein are very beneficial both because it is possible to split the calculations over thread and nodes, but also that the data bandwidth requirements on the interfaces to a node, such as the base station 111 , scale with the bandwidth of the radio channel that said node handles.
- a single node such as e.g., the base station 111 , handles all data this node may need to aggregate all data.
- FIG. 3 An example of this is depicted in Figure 3 and illustrates a bandwidth aspect of aggregating data, here the network node 131 is referred to as ROE 131.
- ROE 131 the network node 131
- the bandwidth may also be scaled down. For example if 20 RCEs is used for the computations each RCE 131 , 132, 133 ... M would only see 1/20 of the bandwidth, i.e. ⁇ 5 Gb/s, as depicted in Figure 4.
- the respective network node 131 , 132, 133, ... , K is referred to as RCE 131 , 132, 133, ... , K.
- Figure 4 illustrates a bandwidth scaling when computing is distributed over multiple RCEs.
- the base station 111 UE 121 implementation is not under control of the entity building the digital twin cloud implementation, such as e.g. the network node 131.
- an adaptor entity e.g. collocated with the respective base-station 111 and/or any of the second base stations 112, 113, may need to perform the frequency domain split of the data to distribute the compute over multiple computing network nodes such as the network node 131 , and any of the second network nodes 132, 133, also referred to as RCEs.
- the base-station 111 and/or the UE 121 are not transmitting and/or receiving frequency domain data, rather they are transmitting and/or receiving time domain data.
- the adaptor entity will also need to transform the time domain data to frequency domain data, e.g. perform Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and/or Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) operations and removal and/or insertion of cyclic-prefixes etc.
- FFT Inverse Fast Fourier Transform
- IFFT Inverse Fast Fourier Transform
- Figure 5 illustrates radio channel emulator adaptors on base-station side to split data or transform time domain data to frequency domain data.
- the combined channel covering the multiple radio channels e.g., comprises a first radio channel between the base station 111 and the UE 121 , and one or more second radio channels, each between respective one or more second base stations 112, 113 and second UEs 122, 123.
- This may e.g., cover multiple sub RCEs and/or GPUs and/or CPUs, and may be seen as one RCE, such as the network node 131 .
- each sub RCE will see similar benefits so embodiments herein using multiple sub RCEs covered by the network node 131 , should not be seen as limiting to only the case with multiple processes. This means that /Please explain what is meant.
- the radio channel is computed and emulated in the frequency domain by utilizing the relation between the delay and amplitude of the taps of the radio channel and the corresponding multiplication with the complex exponential function as may be described by the following formula.
- FIG. 6 illustrates data packet generation and network routing to IP addresses of RCEs such as the network nodes 131 , 132, 133.
- the network node 131 is configured to emulate a radio channel between the base station 111 and the UE 121 in the wireless communications network 100.
- the network node 131 may comprise an arrangement depicted in Figure 7.
- the network node 131 may comprise an input and output interface 700 configured to communicate in the wireless communications network 100, e.g., with the base station 111 the UE 121 .
- the input and output interface 700 may comprise a wireless receiver not shown, and a wireless transmitter not shown.
- the network node 131 is further being configured to:
- each channel tap out of the set of channel taps is defined by a gain and a delay
- the radio channel is a combined channel, adapted to comprise a first radio channel between the base station 111 and the UE 121 , and one or more second radio channels, each between respective one or more second base stations 112, 113 and second UEs 122, 123.
- the network node 131 may further be configured to:
- the set of frequencies may be adapted to comprise one or more frequencies of a respective subcarrier used for data transmission.
- both the transmitted signal and interference in the channel are adapted to be modelled in the same frequency in the modelling of the radio channel.
- the emulating of the radio channel may e.g. be for digital twin operation.
- the network node 131 may further being configured to: compute the frequency response of the radio channel directly from the set of channel taps directly from each respective channel tap out of the set of channel taps.
- the signal is adapted to be transmitted in a time domain
- the network node 131 may then further be configured to receive from an adaptor entity related to the base station 111 , data of the transmitted signal, transformed into the frequency domain.
- Any one or more out of the network node 131 , the base stations 111 , 112, 113 and the UEs 121 , 122, 123 may be virtual nodes in the cloud 135.
- the embodiments herein may be implemented through a respective processor or one or more processors, such as the processor 710 of a processing circuitry in the network node 131 depicted in Figure 7, together with respective computer program code for performing the functions and actions of the embodiments herein.
- the program code mentioned above may also be provided as a computer program product, for instance in the form of a data carrier carrying computer program code for performing the embodiments herein when being loaded into the network node 131.
- One such carrier may be in the form of a CD ROM disc. It is however feasible with other data carriers such as a memory stick.
- the computer program code may furthermore be provided as pure program code on a server and downloaded to the network node 131 .
- the network node 131 may further comprise a memory 720 comprising one or more memory units.
- the memory 720 comprises instructions executable by the processor in the network node 131.
- the memory 720 is arranged to be used to store e.g., frequency response, information, indications, data, configurations, iterations, communication data, and applications to perform the methods herein when being executed in the frequency response.
- a computer program 730 comprises instructions, which when executed by the respective at least one processor 710, cause the at least one processor of frequency response to perform the actions above.
- a carrier 740 comprises the computer program 730, wherein the carrier 740 is one of an electronic signal, an optical signal, an electromagnetic signal, a magnetic signal, an electric signal, a radio signal, a microwave signal, or a computer- readable storage medium.
- units in the network node 131 described above may refer to a combination of analog and digital circuits, and/or one or more processors configured with software and/or firmware, e.g. stored in the network node 131 , that when executed by the respective one or more processors such as the processors described above.
- processors as well as the other digital hardware, may be included in a single Application-Specific Integrated Circuitry ASIC, or several processors and various digital hardware may be distributed among several separate components, whether individually packaged or assembled into a System-on-a-Chip (SoC).
- SoC System-on-a-Chip
- a communication system includes a telecommunication network 3210, such as a 3GPP-type cellular network, e.g. wireless communications network 100, which comprises an access network 3211 , such as a radio access network, and a core network 3214.
- the access network 3211 comprises a plurality of base stations 3212a, 3212b, 3212c, e.g., the BS 110, such as AP STAs NBs, eNBs, gNBs or other types of wireless access points, each defining a corresponding coverage area 3213a, 3213b, 3213c.
- Each base station 3212a, 3212b, 3212c e.g.
- radio network nodes 141 ,142 is connectable to the core network 3214 over a wired or wireless connection 3215.
- a first user equipment (UE), e.g. the UE 120, such as a Non-AP STA 3291 located in coverage area 3213c is configured to wirelessly connect to, or be paged by, the corresponding base station 3212c, e.g., the network node 110.
- a second UE 3292, e.g., any of the one or more second UEs 122, such as a Non-AP STA in coverage area 3213a is wirelessly connectable to the corresponding base station 3212a, e.g., the network node 110. While a plurality of UEs 3291 , 3292 are illustrated in this example, the disclosed embodiments are equally applicable to a situation where a sole UE is in the coverage area or where a sole UE is connecting to the corresponding base station 3212.
- the telecommunication network 3210 is itself connected to a host computer 3230, which may be embodied in the hardware and/or software of a standalone server, a cloud- implemented server, a distributed server or as processing resources in a server farm.
- the host computer 3230 may be under the ownership or control of a service provider, or may be operated by the service provider or on behalf of the service provider.
- the connections 3221 , 3222 between the telecommunication network 3210 and the host computer 3230 may extend directly from the core network 3214 to the host computer 3230 or may go via an optional intermediate network 3220.
- the intermediate network 3220 may be one of, or a combination of more than one of, a public, private or hosted network; the intermediate network 3220, if any, may be a backbone network or the Internet; in particular, the intermediate network 3220 may comprise two or more sub-networks (not shown).
- the communication system of Figure 8 as a whole enables connectivity between one of the connected UEs 3291 , 3292 and the host computer 3230.
- the connectivity may be described as an over-the-top (OTT) connection 3250.
- the host computer 3230 and the connected UEs 3291 , 3292 are configured to communicate data and/or signaling via the OTT connection 3250, using the access network 3211 , the core network 3214, any intermediate network 3220 and possible further infrastructure (not shown) as intermediaries.
- the OTT connection 3250 may be transparent in the sense that the participating communication devices through which the OTT connection 3250 passes are unaware of routing of uplink and downlink communications.
- a base station 3212 may not or need not be informed about the past routing of an incoming downlink communication with data originating from a host computer 3230 to be forwarded (e.g., handed over) to a connected UE 3291. Similarly, the base station 3212 need not be aware of the future routing of an outgoing uplink communication originating from the UE 3291 towards the host computer 3230.
- a host computer 3310 comprises hardware 3315 including a communication interface 3316 configured to set up and maintain a wired or wireless connection with an interface of a different communication device of the communication system 3300.
- the host computer 3310 further comprises processing circuitry 3318, which may have storage and/or processing capabilities.
- the processing circuitry 3318 may comprise one or more programmable processors, application-specific integrated circuits, field programmable gate arrays or combinations of these (not shown) adapted to execute instructions.
- the host computer 3310 further comprises software 3311 , which is stored in or accessible by the host computer 3310 and executable by the processing circuitry 3318.
- the software 3311 includes a host application 3312.
- the host application 3312 may be operable to provide a service to a remote user, such as a UE 3330 connecting via an OTT connection 3350 terminating at the UE 3330 and the host computer 3310. In providing the service to the remote user, the host application 3312 may provide user data which is transmitted using the OTT connection 3350.
- the communication system 3300 further includes a base station 3320 provided in a telecommunication system and comprising hardware 3325 enabling it to communicate with the host computer 3310 and with the UE 3330.
- the hardware 3325 may include a communication interface 3326 for setting up and maintaining a wired or wireless connection with an interface of a different communication device of the communication system 3300, as well as a radio interface 3327 for setting up and maintaining at least a wireless connection 3370 with a UE 3330 located in a coverage area (not shown in Figure 8) served by the base station 3320.
- the communication interface 3326 may be configured to facilitate a connection 3360 to the host computer 3310.
- connection 3360 may be direct or it may pass through a core network (not shown in Figure 9) of the telecommunication system and/or through one or more intermediate networks outside the telecommunication system.
- the hardware 3325 of the base station 3320 further includes processing circuitry 3328, which may comprise one or more programmable processors, application-specific integrated circuits, field programmable gate arrays or combinations of these (not shown) adapted to execute instructions.
- the base station 3320 further has software 3321 stored internally or accessible via an external connection.
- the communication system 3300 further includes the UE 3330 already referred to.
- Its hardware 3335 may include a radio interface 3337 configured to set up and maintain a wireless connection 3370 with a base station serving a coverage area in which the UE 3330 is currently located.
- the hardware 3335 of the UE 3330 further includes processing circuitry 3338, which may comprise one or more programmable processors, applicationspecific integrated circuits, field programmable gate arrays or combinations of these (not shown) adapted to execute instructions.
- the UE 3330 further comprises software 3331 , which is stored in or accessible by the UE 3330 and executable by the processing circuitry 3338.
- the software 3331 includes a client application 3332.
- the client application 3332 may be operable to provide a service to a human or non-human user via the UE 3330, with the support of the host computer 3310.
- an executing host application 3312 may communicate with the executing client application 3332 via the OTT connection 3350 terminating at the UE 3330 and the host computer 3310.
- the client application 3332 may receive request data from the host application 3312 and provide user data in response to the request data.
- the OTT connection 3350 may transfer both the request data and the user data.
- the client application 3332 may interact with the user to generate the user data that it provides.
- the host computer 3310, base station 3320 and UE 3330 illustrated in Figure 9 may be identical to the host computer 3230, one of the base stations 3212a, 3212b, 3212c and one of the UEs 3291 , 3292 of Figure 9, respectively.
- the inner workings of these entities may be as shown in Figure 8 and independently, the surrounding network topology may be that of Figure 9.
- the OTT connection 3350 has been drawn abstractly to illustrate the communication between the host computer 3310 and the use equipment 3330 via the base station 3320, without explicit reference to any intermediary devices and the precise routing of messages via these devices.
- Network infrastructure may determine the routing, which it may be configured to hide from the UE 3330 or from the service provider operating the host computer 3310, or both. While the OTT connection 3350 is active, the network infrastructure may further take decisions by which it dynamically changes the routing (e.g., on the basis of load balancing consideration or reconfiguration of the network).
- the wireless connection 3370 between the UE 3330 and the base station 3320 is in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure.
- One or more of the various embodiments improve the performance of OTT services provided to the UE 3330 using the OTT connection 3350, in which the wireless connection 3370 forms the last segment. More precisely, the teachings of these embodiments may improve the RAN effect: data rate, latency, power consumption and thereby provide benefits such as e.g. the applicable corresponding effect on the OTT service: reduced user waiting time, relaxed restriction on file size, better responsiveness, extended battery lifetime.
- a measurement procedure may be provided for the purpose of monitoring data rate, latency and other factors on which the one or more embodiments improve.
- the measurement procedure and/or the network functionality for reconfiguring the OTT connection 3350 may be implemented in the software 3311 of the host computer 3310 or in the software 3331 of the UE 3330, or both.
- sensors (not shown) may be deployed in or in association with communication devices through which the OTT connection 3350 passes; the sensors may participate in the measurement procedure by supplying values of the monitored quantities exemplified above, or supplying values of other physical quantities from which software 3311 , 3331 may compute or estimate the monitored quantities.
- the reconfiguring of the OTT connection 3350 may include message format, retransmission settings, preferred routing etc.; the reconfiguring need not affect the base station 3320, and it may be unknown or imperceptible to the base station 3320. Such procedures and functionalities may be known and practiced in the art.
- measurements may involve proprietary UE signaling facilitating the host computer’s 3310 measurements of throughput, propagation times, latency and the like.
- the measurements may be implemented in that the software 3311 , 3331 causes messages to be transmitted, in particular empty or ‘dummy’ messages, using the OTT connection 3350 while it monitors propagation times, errors etc.
- FIG 10 is a flowchart illustrating a method implemented in a communication system, in accordance with one embodiment.
- the communication system includes a host computer, a base station such as an AP STA, and a UE such as a Non-AP STA which may be those described with reference to Figure 8 and Figure 9.
- a host computer provides user data.
- the host computer provides the user data by executing a host application.
- the host computer initiates a transmission carrying the user data to the UE.
- the base station transmits to the UE the user data which was carried in the transmission that the host computer initiated, in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure.
- the UE executes a client application associated with the host application executed by the host computer.
- FIG 11 is a flowchart illustrating a method implemented in a communication system, in accordance with one embodiment.
- the communication system includes a host computer, a base station such as an AP STA, and a UE such as a Non-AP STA which may be those described with reference to Figure 8 and Figure 9. For simplicity of the present disclosure, only drawing references to Figure 11 will be included in this section.
- the host computer provides user data.
- the host computer provides the user data by executing a host application.
- the host computer initiates a transmission carrying the user data to the UE. The transmission may pass via the base station, in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure.
- the UE receives the user data carried in the transmission.
- FIG 12 is a flowchart illustrating a method implemented in a communication system, in accordance with one embodiment.
- the communication system includes a host computer, a base station such as an AP STA, and a UE such as a Non-AP STA which may be those described with reference to Figure 8 and Figure 9.
- a host computer receives input data provided by the host computer.
- the UE provides user data.
- the UE provides the user data by executing a client application.
- the UE executes a client application which provides the user data in reaction to the received input data provided by the host computer.
- the executed client application may further consider user input received from the user.
- the UE initiates, in an optional third sub Step 3630, transmission of the user data to the host computer.
- the host computer receives the user data transmitted from the UE, in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure.
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart illustrating a method implemented in a communication system, in accordance with one embodiment.
- the communication system includes a host computer, a base station such as an AP STA, and a UE such as a Non-AP STA which may be those described with reference to Figure 8 and Figure 9.
- a host computer receives user data from the UE.
- the base station initiates transmission of the received user data to the host computer.
- the host computer receives the user data carried in the transmission initiated by the base station.
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Abstract
La présente invention propose un procédé réalisé par un nœud de réseau. Le procédé est destiné à émuler un canal radio entre une station de base et un équipement utilisateur, UE, dans un réseau de communication sans fil. Le nœud de réseau modélise (202) le canal radio sous la forme d'un ensemble de prises de canal. Chaque dérivation de canal de l'ensemble de prises de canal est définie par un gain et un retard. Le nœud de réseau calcule (203) une réponse en fréquence du canal radio directement à partir de l'ensemble de prises de canal. La réponse en fréquence est calculée pour un ensemble de fréquences utilisées par un signal transmis dans le canal radio sur la base du gain et du retard de l'ensemble de prises de canal. Le nœud de réseau émule ensuite le canal radio en appliquant (204) la réponse en fréquence calculée au signal transmis. Ceci est effectué en multipliant la réponse en fréquence calculée par une représentation dans le domaine fréquentiel du signal transmis sur l'ensemble de fréquences.
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Citations (1)
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US20220383118A1 (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2022-12-01 | DeepSig Inc. | Generating variable communication channel responses using machine learning networks |
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US20220383118A1 (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2022-12-01 | DeepSig Inc. | Generating variable communication channel responses using machine learning networks |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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CISEK GRZEGORZ ET AL: "Frequency-Domain Multi-User OFDMA Fast Fading Channel Simulation in High-Mobility Scenarios", 2018 15TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS (ISWCS), IEEE, 28 August 2018 (2018-08-28), pages 1 - 6, XP033420043, DOI: 10.1109/ISWCS.2018.8491250 * |
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