WO2024125765A1 - Appareils, procédés et programme informatique pour modulation d'indice - Google Patents

Appareils, procédés et programme informatique pour modulation d'indice Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024125765A1
WO2024125765A1 PCT/EP2022/085553 EP2022085553W WO2024125765A1 WO 2024125765 A1 WO2024125765 A1 WO 2024125765A1 EP 2022085553 W EP2022085553 W EP 2022085553W WO 2024125765 A1 WO2024125765 A1 WO 2024125765A1
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Prior art keywords
resource block
block
block configuration
symbols
indication
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PCT/EP2022/085553
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English (en)
Inventor
Majed SAAD
Nicolas SCHLEGEL
Fanny JARDEL
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Nokia Technologies Oy
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Priority to PCT/EP2022/085553 priority Critical patent/WO2024125765A1/fr
Publication of WO2024125765A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024125765A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0001—Arrangements for dividing the transmission path
    • H04L5/0003—Two-dimensional division
    • H04L5/0005—Time-frequency
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0001—Arrangements for dividing the transmission path
    • H04L5/0014—Three-dimensional division
    • H04L5/0023—Time-frequency-space
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0044—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path allocation of payload
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0044—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path allocation of payload
    • H04L5/0046—Determination of how many bits are transmitted on different sub-channels

Definitions

  • the resource block may comprise reference signal symbols and data symbols; and the block configuration may configure at least one reference signal symbol on a pre-defined fixed position in the resource block to convey data via index modulation and at least one other reference signal symbol on a pre-defined fixed position in the resource block to not convey data via index modulation.
  • At least one reference signal symbol on a pre-defined fixed position in the resource block may convey data independently via index modulation.
  • the indication may explicitly or implicitly indicate the at least one parameter.
  • the resource block may be received, from the base station, or transmitted, to the base station, over a frequency band above 71 GHz; or the resource block may be received, from the base station, or transmitted, to the base station, over a frequency band below 71 GHz.
  • an apparatus comprising circuitry configured to: receive, from a base station, an indication of a block configuration for a resource block, wherein the block configuration configures at least one reference signal symbol on a predefined fixed position in the resource block to convey data via index modulation; and receive, from the base station, the resource block according to the block configuration or transmit, to the base station, the resource block according to the block configuration.
  • a method comprising: receiving, from a base station, an indication of a block configuration for a resource block, wherein the block configuration configures at least one reference signal symbol on a pre-defined fixed position in the resource block to convey data via index modulation; and receiving, from the base station, the resource block according to the block configuration or transmitting, to the base station, the resource block according to the block configuration.
  • an apparatus comprising: means for determining a block configuration for a resource block, wherein the block configuration configures at least one reference signal symbol slot on a pre-defined fixed position in the resource block to convey data via index modulation; means for transmitting, to a user equipment, an indication of the block configuration; and means for transmitting, to the user equipment, a resource block according to the block configuration or means for receiving, from the user equipment, a resource block according to the block configuration.
  • the apparatus may comprise: means for receiving, from the user equipment, at least one of an indication of whether the user equipment supports a block configuration configuring at least one reference signal symbol on a pre-defined fixed position in the resource block to convey data via index modulation or an indication of at least one parameter determined by the user equipment; and means for determining the block configuration based on the indication.
  • the apparatus may comprise: means for sending, to the user equipment, a request to send the indication of the at least one parameter.
  • the apparatus may comprise: means for storing the indication of the at least one parameter.
  • the apparatus may comprise: means for retrieving an indication of at least one parameter determined by the user equipment for a previous resource block; and means for determining the block configuration based on the at least one parameter.
  • APM Amplitude Phase Module
  • CU Centralized Unit
  • NEF Network Exposure Function
  • NRF Network Repository Function
  • PA Power Amplifier
  • PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel
  • PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel
  • PRB Physical Resource Block
  • PUCCH Physical Uplink Control Channel
  • PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared Channel
  • RAM Random Access Memory
  • SC-FDE Single Carrier Frequency Domain Equalization
  • SMF Session Management Function
  • TBS T ransport Block Size
  • UE User Equipment
  • 5GC 5G Core network
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a 5G system
  • Figure 2 shows a schematic representation of a control apparatus
  • Figure 3 shows a schematic representation of a user equipment
  • Figure 4 shows a schematic representation of a transmission chain of a pure single carrier system
  • Figure 5 shows a schematic representation of a transmission chain of a cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system
  • Figure 6 shows a schematic representation of a transmission chain of a discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system
  • Figure 7 shows a schematic representation of a transmission chain and a receiving chain using index modulation
  • Figure 8 shows a schematic representation of a cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system resource block for a physical uplink shared channel
  • Figure 9 shows a schematic representation of a discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system resource block for a physical uplink shared channel
  • Figure 10 shows table 5.1 .6.3-1 (Time density of phase tracking reference signal as a function of scheduled modulation and coding scheme) and table 5.1.6.3-2 (Frequency density of phase tracking reference signal as a function of scheduled bandwidth) of 3GPP TS 38.214 for a cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division modulation system; ;
  • Figure 11 shows table 6.2.3.2-1 phase tracking reference signal group pattern as a function of scheduled bandwidth of 3GPP TS 38.214 fora discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system;
  • Figure 12 shows an illustration of various block configurations for data and reference signal transmission
  • Figure 13 shows a table comprising various block configurations for data and reference signal transmission
  • Figure 14 shows a block diagram of a method for determining a block configuration for data and reference signal transmission and the resulting technical advantages
  • Figure 15 shows another block diagram of a method for determining a block configuration for data and reference signal transmission
  • Figure 16 shows signal diagrams of a process for transmitting and receiving a reference signal and data over any physical channel
  • Figure 17 shows a block diagram of a method for receiving a reference signal and data performed by an apparatus, for example a user equipment;
  • Figure 18 shows a block diagram of a method for transmitting a reference signal and data performed by an apparatus, for example a base station.
  • Figure 19 shows a schematic representation of a non-volatile memory medium 2100 storing instructions which when executed by a processor allow a processor to perform one or more of the steps of the methods of Figures 17 and 18.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a 5G system (5GS).
  • the 5GS may comprises a user equipment (UE), a (radio) access network ((R)AN), a 5G core network (5GC), one or more application functions (AF) and one or more data networks (DN).
  • UE user equipment
  • R radio access network
  • GC 5G core network
  • AF application functions
  • DN data networks
  • the 5G (R)AN may comprise one or more gNodeB (gNB) distributed unit functions connected to one or more gNodeB (gNB) centralized unit functions.
  • gNB gNodeB
  • gNB gNodeB
  • the 5GC may comprise at least one of an access and mobility management function (AMF), a session management function (SMF), an authentication server function (ALISF), a user data management (UDM), a user plane function (UPF) or a network exposure function (NEF).
  • AMF access and mobility management function
  • SMF session management function
  • ALISF authentication server function
  • UDM user data management
  • UPF user plane function
  • NEF network exposure function
  • FIG 2 illustrates an example of a control apparatus 200 for controlling a function of the (R)AN or the 5GC as illustrated on Figure 1.
  • the control apparatus may comprise at least one random access memory (RAM) 211a, at least on read only memory (ROM) 211b, at least one processor 212, 213 and an input/output interface 214.
  • the at least one processor 212, 213 may be coupled to the RAM 211a and the ROM 211 b.
  • the at least one processor 212, 213 may be configured to execute an appropriate software code 215.
  • the software code 215 may for example allow to perform one or more steps to perform one or more of the present aspects.
  • the software code 215 may be stored in the ROM 211 b.
  • the control apparatus 200 may be interconnected with another control apparatus 200 controlling another function of the 5G (R)AN or the 5GC.
  • each function of the (R)AN or the 5GC comprises a control apparatus 200.
  • two or more functions of the (R)AN or the 5GC may share a control apparatus.
  • FIG 3 illustrates an example of a UE 300, such as the UE illustrated on Figure 1.
  • the UE 300 may be provided by any device capable of sending and receiving radio signals.
  • Nonlimiting examples comprise a user equipment, a mobile station (MS) or mobile device such as a mobile phone or what is known as a ’smart phone’, a computer provided with a wireless interface card or other wireless interface facility (e.g., USB dongle), a personal data assistant (PDA) or a tablet provided with wireless communication capabilities, a machine-type communications (MTC) device, a Cellular Internet of things (CloT) device or any combinations of these or the like.
  • the UE 300 may provide, for example, communication of data for carrying communications.
  • the communications may be one or more of voice, electronic mail (email), text message, multimedia, data, machine data and so on.
  • the UE 300 may receive signals over an air or radio interface 307 via appropriate apparatus for receiving and may transmit signals via appropriate apparatus for transmitting radio signals.
  • transceiver apparatus is designated schematically by block 306.
  • the transceiver apparatus 306 may be provided for example by means of a radio part and associated antenna arrangement.
  • the antenna arrangement may be arranged internally or externally to the mobile device.
  • the UE 300 may be provided with at least one processor 301 , at least one memory ROM 302a, at least one RAM 302b and other possible components 303 for use in software and hardware aided execution of tasks it is designed to perform, including control of access to and communications with access systems and other communication devices.
  • the at least one processor 301 is coupled to the RAM 302b and the ROM 302a.
  • the at least one processor 301 may be configured to execute an appropriate software code 308.
  • the software code 308 may for example allow to perform one or more of the present aspects.
  • the software code 308 may be stored in the ROM 302a.
  • the processor, storage and other relevant control apparatus can be provided on at least one of an appropriate circuit board or in chipsets. This feature is denoted by reference 304.
  • the device may optionally have a user interface such as keypad 305, touch sensitive screen or pad, combinations thereof or the like.
  • a display, a speaker and a microphone may be provided depending on the type of the device.
  • One or more aspects of this disclosure relates to at least one of receiving or sending a reference signal (RSs) and data in a communication system, in particular using a single-carrier waveform.
  • RSs reference signal
  • a single-carrier waveform may be provided by a discrete Fourier transform (with or without known tail) spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing ((KT)DFT-s-OFDM) system, a single carrier frequency domain equalization (SC-FDE) system or a single carrier time domain equalization (SC-TDE).
  • KT discrete Fourier transform
  • SC-FDE single carrier frequency domain equalization
  • SC-TDE single carrier time domain equalization
  • each DFT-s-OFDM symbol may be prepended with cyclic prefix, while in KT-DFT-s-OFDM (also known as unique word DFT-s-OFDM), there may be no cyclic prefix, but there may be a known sequence(s) of pre-defined length(s) inserted in at least one of the beginning (head) or end (tail) of each symbol, prior to the DFT operation at the transmitter.
  • a multiple-carrier waveform may be provided by a cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CP-OFDM) system.
  • CP-OFDM orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
  • a legacy 5GS uses a multiple-carrier waveform provided by a CP-OFDM system on the DL and a multiple-carrier waveform provided by a CP-OFDM system or a single-carrier waveform provided by a DFT-s-OFDM on the UL.
  • Figure 4 shows a schematic representation of a transmission chain of a pure single carrier (e.g. SC-FDE) system.
  • a pure single carrier e.g. SC-FDE
  • the operation of a pure single carrier system is well known and therefore not described in details.
  • Figure 5 shows a schematic representation of a transmission chain of a CP-OFDM system.
  • the operation of a CP-OFDM system is well known and therefore not described in details.
  • Figure 6 shows a schematic representation of a transmission chain of a DFT-s-OFDM system.
  • the operation of a DFT-s-OFDM system is well known and therefore not described in details.
  • prefix part could be other than CP (e.g. unique word, known tail, zero padding or guard interval, special purpose part, etc).
  • a single-carrier waveform may achieve a higher equivalent isotropic radiated power (EIRP) (e.g. 60 dBm) with a smaller power amplifier output power backoff (OBO) than a multiplecarrier waveform.
  • EIRP equivalent isotropic radiated power
  • OFB power amplifier output power backoff
  • a single-carrier waveform may reduce cost and complexity of the hardware as well as power consumption compared to a multiple-carrier waveform.
  • a single-carrier waveform may be more robust to phase noise (PN) with lower complexity than a multiple-carrier waveform.
  • PN phase noise
  • the frequency spectrum comprising sub-THz frequency bands is large but comprise various usage restrictions, such as RR5.340 where all communications are prohibited (passive satellite band).
  • the sub-THz frequency bands include a W-band (75 to 110 GHz), a D-band (110 to 170 GHz) and other bands up to THz frequencies (see S. BicaTs, J-B. Dore, M. Saad, M. Alawieh, F. Bader, J. Palicot, Y. Corre, G. Gougeon, and E. Faussurier, Wireless Connectivity in the Sub-THz Spectrum: A Path to 6G, Nov. 2021).
  • frequency bands may be the next frontier after FR2-1 and FR2-2.
  • these frequency bands may suffer from more technological limitations, severe RF impairments, especially for low-cost devices, and also at least one of higher attenuations, blockages or absorptions in the environment.
  • These frequency bands may be associated with various challenges.
  • a challenge may be a low transmit output power at the edge of electronics technology .
  • the output power is lower at sub-THz (near the maximum operating frequencies of non-optical sources) due to low efficiency of hardware components mainly power amplifier and power sources (see G. Chattopadhyay, “Technology, capabilities, and performance of low power terahertz sources,” IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology, vol. 1 , no. 1 , pp. 33-53, Sep. 2011).
  • Another challenge may be a high phase noise (PN) with a stronger uncorrelated component in wideband.
  • the PN may change significantly from symbol to symbol and the PN tracking algorithms may be less efficient with uncorrelated PN (see S. Bicais and J. -B. Dore, "Phase Noise Model Selection for Sub-THz Communications," 2019 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), 2019, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/GLOBECOM38437.2019.9013189).
  • Another challenge may be a medium to high carrier frequency offset (CFO) due to hardware imprecisions, drift and mobility.
  • CFO carrier frequency offset
  • Another challenge may be a high doppler spread (i.e. shift) even with small mobility at high frequencies.
  • Another challenge may be a high sampling rate requirements for analogue to digital converters and digital to analogue converters.
  • the power consumption may increase exponentially with the sampling rate.
  • Another challenge may be a limited resolution (few bits quantization) being preferred for power-efficient low-cost analogue to digital converters and digital to analogue converters to compensate the exponential increase of the power consumption with the high sampling rate due to larger bandwidth.
  • Another challenge may be more non-linearities in the power amplifier (PA) and hardware components at higher frequencies.
  • PA power amplifier
  • more reference signals may be needed to enhance at least one of the following: estimation accuracy, estimation frequency, coverage or energy efficiency
  • one aspect will be to consider single-carrier waveforms both in uplink and downlink. It allows to reach a higher effective isotropic radiated power (e.g. 60 dBm) with smaller power amplifier (PA) output power backoff to achieve higher signal to noise ratio. This may be crucial with the limited transmit power in current technology maturity and the high attenuations.
  • some single carrier waveform systems such as pure single carrier (e.g. SC-FDE) systems, are more power efficient with smaller peak to average power ration, more robust to PN and RF impairments, and less sensitive to coarse ADC quantization than other single carrier systems, such as DFT-s-OFDM systems, or multicarrier waveform systems, such as CP-OFDM (see L.
  • PN may originate mainly from local oscillators in the up and down conversion.
  • the PN may impact in a form of common phase error (CPE) which is common for all subcarriers and inter carrier interference (I C I ) which is basically unique for each carrier.
  • CPE common phase error
  • I C I inter carrier interference
  • the impact may depend especially on the subcarrier spacing.
  • PN and inter carrier interference compensation may be required to enable the communication with these waveforms.
  • the PN spectrum may typically depend on the used oscillators.
  • the PN effect may depends on the signal bandwidth (or symbol rate).
  • the PN may be modelled as a combination of correlated component (e.g. Wiener type of PN) and uncorrelated component (i.e. white gaussian type of PN floor).
  • the threshold for the dominant parameter can be approximated based on the condition (1) below (see S. Bicais and J. -B. Dore, "Phase Noise Model Selection for Sub-THz Communications," 2019 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), 2019, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/GLOBECOM38437.2019.9013189).
  • N may be the number of symbols per frame
  • fc may be an oscillator corner frequency
  • T may be a symbol period (i.e. inverse of system bandwidth). If the condition (2) below is met, the dominant component may be the uncorrelated component.
  • the uncorrelated component may be greater than the correlated component.
  • the dominant component may be the correlated component.
  • the correlated component may be greater than the uncorrelated component.
  • the correlated component may be substantially equal to the uncorrelated component.
  • Index modulation may be used to convey information bits by changing the state of a communication system represented by an index. Compared to traditional techniques using amplitude, phase or frequencies to convey information.
  • the state of a communication system may be controllable at the transmitter and detectable at the receiver.
  • IM may be implemented in various manners (see T. Mao, Q. Wang, Z. Wang and S. Chen, "Novel Index Modulation Techniques: A Survey,” in IEEE Communications Surveys & tutorials, vol. 21 , no. 1 , pp. 315-348, Firstquarter2019, doi: 10.1109/CCMST.2018.2858567).
  • IM may be implemented by activating or targeting transmit/receive antenna(s) (spatial IM), where the activated/targeted antenna(s) are indexed to convey additional information.
  • IM may be implemented by activating time slot(s) or subcarrier(s) from a group of reserved sets where the activated time slot(s) or subcarrier(s) are indexed to convey additional information (time IM and frequency IM).
  • a general block diagram for IM may comprise a data bitstream divided into two data substreams (see Mao, Q. Wang, Z. Wang and S. Chen, "Novel Index Modulation Techniques: A Survey,” in IEEE Communications Surveys & tutorials, vol. 21 , no. 1 , pp. 315-348, First quarter 2019, doi: 10.1109/COMST.2018.2858567).
  • a first sub-stream may be mapped to conventional M-ary amplitude phase modulation (APM) data symbols (e.g., QAM, PSK, etc.).
  • a second sub-stream may be mapped to an index that select a state of the communication system among a finite set of states. This index may allow to convey additional information. Note that the state of the communication system should be detectable at the receiver side to recover the additional information whilst allowing the detection of the APM symbols.
  • MAM M-ary amplitude phase modulation
  • Figure 7 shows a schematic representation of a transmission chain and a receiving chain using index modulation (see Mao, Q. Wang, Z. Wang and S. Chen, "Novel Index Modulation Techniques: A Survey,” in IEEE Communications Surveys & tutorials, vol. 21 , no. 1 , pp. 315- 348, First quarter 2019, doi: 10.1109/CQMST.2018.2858567).
  • a promising scheme for single carrier (e.g. SC-FDE) that uses simultaneously all time slots, frequency resources and spatial resources (if any) in contrast to time IM, frequency IM and spatial IM is filter shapes index modulation (FSIM) (see M. Saad, J. Palicot, F. Bader, A. C. A. Ghouwayel and H. Hijazi, "A Novel Index Modulation Dimension Based on Filter Domain: Filter Shapes Index Modulation," in IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 69, no. 3, pp. 1445- 1461 , March 2021 , doi: 10.1109/TCQMM.2020.3039842).
  • FSIM filter shapes index modulation
  • This scheme may transmit APM symbols on all time slots and may conveys additional information through the index of a pulse shaping filter selected from a bank of N pulse shaping filters.
  • the index of the pulse shaping filter may change at symbol rate.
  • SE spectral efficiency
  • N-FSIM-MAPM log 2 M + log 2 N bits per channel use
  • the channel use (bandwidth occupation) may be the same as conventional systems (e.g. QAM with Root raised cosine filters).
  • the results reveal that FSIM even with non-optimal filters outperforms the equivalent QAM systems of the same SE in additive white gaussian noise (AWGN), flat and frequency selective fading channels.
  • AWGN additive white gaussian noise
  • 2-FSIM-4QAM (3bpcu) outperforms 8QAM (3bpcu) by 3.5 dB in AWGN.
  • the sub-THz frequency bands introduces various challenges for establishing reliable communications.
  • a challenge may be low signal to noise ratio and poor coverage due to low output power at high frequencies and high attenuations.
  • Power amplifiers working at very high frequencies may have very low efficiencies at the edge of electronics technology. With high peak to average power ratio signals, further losses may be caused by the required backoff, leading to low power output and resulting in low signal to noise ratio and poor coverage. Low peak to average power ratio signals may be required to limit backoff and increase power amplifier output power and efficiency.
  • the 6G communication system physical layer should be designed from the ground up with peak to average power ratio constraints in mind, and this argument is in favour of single carrier (e.g. SC-FDE), especially for sub-THz.
  • SC-FDE single carrier
  • phase tracking reference signal (PT-RS) symbols for PN estimation may be allocated to resource elements (REs) in 5G-NR. Placed at regular intervals in time, it may be possible to interpolate the PN on adjacent data symbols to reduce the time density of the PT-RS symbols when the PN is more correlated.
  • REs resource elements
  • the uncorrelated component may be higher and dominant.
  • more frequent and ultimately independent PN estimation per each equivalent OFDM symbol period with any waveform and per each modulation symbol or RE with single carrier may need to be performed without interpolation over time.
  • PT-RS may require a higher time density at equivalent OFDM symbol level and even with a finer granularity at modulation symbol or RE level, coming at the cost of SE.
  • MCS modulation and coding scheme
  • Another challenger may be high Doppler spread in case of mobility. This may lead to small channel coherence time and may require regular channel estimation. In addition, a low signal to noise ratio may require more RS for better accuracy.
  • demodulation reference symbols (DMRS) symbols for channel estimation may be allocated to some REs and the maximum DMRS allocation per slot may not be sufficient in poor coverage.
  • DMRS bundling and joint channel estimation are proposed with the assumption of (quasi)-static channel over multiple slots. DMRS bundling and joint estimation over multiple slots may be no more beneficial with very high doppler spread since these DMRS on the different slots could be subjected to different channels in this case. Note the high doppler may be achieved even with small mobility at these high frequencies. In order to enhance channel estimation accuracy with a time varying channel, more RS per slot may be required, especially at low SNR.
  • communication systems operating especially in the FR2 and sub-THz frequency bands may need to perform frequent and accurate channel and RF impairments estimations especially at low SNR with an acceptable RS overhead to enhance the coverage.
  • RS symbols are occupying specific fixed pre-defined REs known for the transmitter and receiver.
  • Rel-17 does not allow for data to be transmitted with RS over a same RE, as depicted in 3GPP TS 38.211 V17.1.0, section 6.1.2.
  • 3GPP TS 38.211 V17.1.0, section 6.1.2 the requirement for more RSs to estimate the fast time varying parameters has inevitable overhead and SE degradation.
  • DM-RS is a pilot signal used for channel estimation.
  • PT- RS is used to estimate phase noise.
  • Channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) and sounding reference signal (SRS) report channel state information in the downlink and in the uplink respectively.
  • CSI-RS channel state information reference signal
  • SRS sounding reference signal
  • Figure 8 shows a schematic representation of a CP-OFDM system resource block for a physical uplink shared channel (PLISCH). OFDM symbols with DMRS or PT-RS allocated may still transmit data through different subcarriers
  • Figure 9 shows a schematic representation of a DFT-s-OFDM system resource block for a PLISCH. DFT-s-OFDM symbols with DMRS allocated may not transmit data through different subcarriers
  • DMRS may be frequency multiplexed.
  • DMRS configuration may provide higher frequency density to consider the frequency selectivity of the channel.
  • PT-RS may be time multiplexed.
  • PT-RS configuration may provide higher time density at equivalent OFDM symbol level to consider the time variation of PN which is common for all subcarriers (CPE).
  • PT-RS may be critical for higher frequency bands with high uncorrelated or correlated component (e.g. FR2 and sub-THz) .
  • high uncorrelated or correlated component e.g. FR2 and sub-THz
  • 3GPP TS 38.214 defines, as illustrated in Figure 10, PT-RS time density (in OFDM symbollevel) based on MOS (configurable) and PT-RS frequency density (RE in each OFDM symbol) based on resource block (RB) allocation thresholds (configurable) for CP-OFDM systems.
  • Figure 10 shows table 5.1.6.3-1 (Time density of PT-RS as a function of scheduled MCS) and table 5.1.6.3-2 (Frequency density of PT-RS as a function of scheduled bandwidth) of 3GPP TS 38.214 for a CP-OFDM system.
  • 3GPP TS 38.214 further defines, as illustrated in Figure 11 , PT-RS group pattern within each DFT-s-OFDM symbol based on RB allocation thresholds (configurable) for DFT-s-OFDM.
  • Figure 11 shows table 6.2.3.2-1 PT-RS group pattern as a function of scheduled bandwidth of 3GPP TS 38.214.
  • sampleDensity and ‘timeDensity-TransformPrecoding’ are additional configurable parameters that allow to define PT-RS group pattern within a DFT-s-OFDM symbol using the table and within a slot in OFDM symbol level respectively.
  • sampleDensity parameter configures the thresholds (NRBO to NRB4) that indicates which PTRS group pattern row to select according to this Table 6.2.3.2-1 and allocated BW in NRB. Regardless which PTRS group pattern is selected, PT-RS time domain density (in OFDM symbol-level) (configurable) ‘timeDensity-TransformPrecoding’ could be specified for DFT-s- OFDM to indicate if every DFT-s-OFDM symbol period would contain the selected PTRS group pattern, every other DFT-s-OFDM symbol, etc.
  • 3GPP TS 38.331 reads as follows.
  • the IE PTRS-UplinkConfig is used to configure uplink Phase-Tracking-Reference- Signals (PTRS).
  • PTRS-UplinkConfig :: SEQUENCE ⁇ transformPrecoderDisabled SEQUENCE ⁇ frequencyDensity SEQUENCE (SIZE (2)) OF INTEGER (1..276) OPTIONAL, - Need S timeDensity SEQUENCE (SIZE (3)) OF INTEGER (0..29) OPTIONAL, - Need S maxNrof Ports ENUMERATED ⁇ n1, n2 ⁇ , resourceElementOffset ENUMERATED ⁇ offsetOI, offsetW, offset'l l ⁇ OPTIONAL, - Need S ptrs-Power ENUMERATED ⁇ p00, p01, p10, p11 ⁇
  • 3GPP TS 38.331 further reads as follows. sampleDensity
  • Time density (OFDM symbol level) of PT-RS for DFT-s-OFDM If the field is absent, the UE applies value d1 (see TS 38.214, clause 6. 1)’’.
  • PT-RS uplink configuration parameters are defined in 3GPP TS 38.331.
  • timeDensity is absent for CP-OFDM
  • the UE may assume a time density of 1 at OFDM symbol level.
  • timeDensityTransformPrecoding is absent for DFT-s-OFDM
  • the UE may assume a time density of 1 at equivalent OFDM symbol level.
  • Fig. 11 for single carrier (e.g. DFT-s-OFDM) that the maximum number of PT-RS samples in time domain within one DFT-s-OFDM symbol is 32 distributed over 8 PT-RS groups with 4 samples each.
  • This PT-RS fine time granularity could be not sufficient to estimate accurate and frequent enough the PN especially the uncorrelated type.
  • more PT-RS with a finer granularity at sample level or modulation symbol level or resource element level with single carrier would be needed for high PN.
  • Increasing the number of RS symbols within the same slot may be imposed to enhance the estimations especially at low signal to noise ratio which is common in low coverage scenario as in sub-THz frequency bands. This option may reduce significantly the SE since the standard does not allow for data transmission in RS.
  • the RS symbols with single carrier waveform may be all time multiplexed and thus a modulation symbol or resource element is either carrying data or a RS over all allocated BW as it is currently supported in digital video broadcasting (DVB) standards (see ETSI EN 302 307 V1.2.1; Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Second generation framing structure, channel coding an demodulation systems for Broadcasting, Interactive Services, News Gathering and other broadband satellite applications (DVB-S2)) and institute of electronics and electrical engineers (IEEE) standards (e.g.
  • IEEE 802.15.3d see "IEEE Standard for High Data Rate Wireless Multi-Media Networks-Amendment 2: 100 Gb/s Wireless Switched Point-to-Point Physical Layer," in IEEE Std 802.15.3d-2017 (Amendment to IEEE Std 802.15.3-2016 as amended by IEEE Std 802.15.3e-2017) , vol., no., pp.1-55, 18 Oct. 2017, doi: 10.1109/IEEESTD.2017.8066476).
  • ‘or’ is an ‘exclusive or’, that is the modulation symbol or resource element is not carrying data and a RS.
  • Figure 12(a) shows a resource block with legacy RS configuration using single carrier or multicarrier system. As can be seen, 3 out of 12 symbols in a block may be RS symbols. This leads to a 25% RS overhead in this block and possibly unsatisfactory estimations accuracy especially in the sub-THz frequency bands (low fine time-density with single carrier and small number of RS).
  • RS symbols create a compromise between SE and estimation quality. Using a higher number of RS symbols for estimation results in a lower number of data symbols. Higher frequency bands will require more frequent estimates, accentuating this issue.
  • the RS symbol design and allocation may be studied at higher frequencies especially if finer granularity and higher density is needed with any waveform, or single carrier waveform (e.g. SC-FDE) is considered with all RS symbols (DMRS and PTRS, %) multiplexed in time domain on fully dedicated symbol occupying all allocated bandwidth.
  • SC-FDE single carrier waveform
  • One or more aspects of this disclosure tackle one or more of the above challenges.
  • One or more aspects of this disclosure provide RS symbols on pre-defined fixed positions known by the transmitter and the receiver. These pre-defined fixed positions may be configurable.
  • One or more aspects of this disclosure may allow finer density for RS at modulation symbol level or RE level or sample level equal to one (i.e. , all REs carry RS) while transmitting data.
  • One or more aspects of this disclosure may reduce/avoid the high RS overhead and impact on SE.
  • One or more aspects of this disclosure may allow the estimation of uncorrelated and correlated type of PN at least more frequently or accurately while transmitting data.
  • One or more aspects of this disclosure may enhance the estimation accuracy for channel or PN by providing more DMRS or PTRS symbols within the same block while maintaining at least the same SE.
  • One or more aspects of this disclosure may provide a flexible reconfigurable method to adapt with channel conditions and RF impairments.
  • One or more aspects of this disclosure may provide a better trade-off between the SE and estimation accuracy especially at low signal to noise ratio.
  • One or more aspects of this disclosure may allow using lower coding rate for better coverage while maintaining at least same number of RS symbols and same SE.
  • One or more aspects of this disclosure may allow adding more RS for better coverage to PDCCH or PLICCH without reducing DOI or UCI size as the straightforward addition of legacy RS would do (e.g. RS could be PTRS to compensate PN since these channel are currently without PTRS in Rel-17 and high PN would limit their coverage).
  • One or more aspects of this disclosure may allow more efficient UCI multiplexing on PUSCH by implicitly conveying UCI bits also within RS REs (e.g. DMRS, PTRS,...) of PUSCH in contrast to current UCI multiplexing in rel-17 specifications.
  • RS REs e.g. DMRS, PTRS, etc.
  • 3GPP TS 38.211 describes RSs used for phase noise/channel estimation.
  • 5G allows different number of RSs and patterns, frequency density for CP-OFDM and coarse time density at OFDM symbol level for CP-OFDM and DFT-s-OFDM to adapt with channel and PN conditions as discussed above.
  • SC-OOK single carrier on-off keying
  • P2P peer to peer
  • SC-OOK highly degrades the system SE, and the throughput gain targeted by wider bandwidth in sub-THz is sacrificed by such low spectral efficient APM (OOK is theoretically 1 bit per channel use, but its SE in bps/Hz could be much lower due to the abrupt time change and larger BW occupation).
  • APM spectral efficient APM
  • the former system with OFDM for vehicular communications allows flexible RS/pilots positions (not fixed and unknown RS positions for the receiver) in which the pilot positions are selected according to extra information bits (additional bits are conveyed by means of pilot position IM after the detection of pilot positions).
  • This system for vehicular communications requires to correctly detect the pilot positions in order to perform channel estimation, and then to proceed to data detection.
  • the former technique based on pilot position IM with OFDM developed for vehicular communications shows the results in perfect CSI assumption without considering the channel estimation degradation due to unknown pilot positions.
  • the correct detection of pilot positions may be crucial to perform firstly the channel estimation and then to deduce the additional bits conveyed by IM.
  • the pilots position detection accuracy prior to channel equalization may be questionable.
  • Power boosting for all RS may be required to be in order of four times higher than data to allow the RS or pilot position detection and better channel estimation.
  • the channel estimation accuracy may be limited using this pilot position IM where the theoretical lower bound of channel estimation means square error (MSE) with large number of iterations may be around 4. 10 -2 at high signal to noise ratio
  • Figure 12 shows various block configurations.
  • the x-axis and y-axis could be time and frequency respectively for time domain RS or vice versa for frequency domain RS.
  • the circle and triangle in the legend represent the data bits conveyed implicitly within same allocation of RS symbol or resource element (we can have 1 or more bits).
  • the block may comprise RS symbols and data symbols. RS symbols do not convey data through IM.
  • the block may comprise RS symbols and data symbols. All RS symbols convey data through IM.
  • the block may comprise RS symbols and data symbols. Some RS symbols convey data through IM. Some RS symbols do not convey data through IM.
  • the block may comprise RS symbols only. All RS symbols convey data through IM. The fine density of the RS symbols at modulation symbol level or at resource element level is equal to 1 (equivalent to all CP-OFDM REs or samples in time carry RS).
  • the block may comprise RS symbols only. Some RS symbols convey data through IM. Some RS symbols do not convey data through IM. The fine density of the RS symbols at modulation symbol level or at resource element level is equal to 1 (equivalent to all CP-OFDM REs or samples in time carry RS).
  • RS symbols patterns/positions in all configurations could be different (i.e. group RS pattern or distributed RS pattern).
  • RS symbols are on pre-defined fixed positions known for the receiver and the transmitter. The pre-defined fixed positions are reconfigurable.
  • the second, third, fourth and fifth block configurations may be used as an alternative to the first block configurations.
  • the proposed techniques allow simultaneous RS and data transmission on some or all RS symbols while having RS symbols on pre-defined known positions for transmitter and receiver.
  • the proposed techniques may allow implicit data transmission independently per each RS, or jointly on some or all RS symbols. In this way, the proposed techniques may solve firstly the problem of finer density of the RS symbols at RE level or modulation symbol level being equals to one with any waveform (which was without the proposed techniques could lead to zero SE) and the resulting degradations due to unknown RS positions with pilot position IM.
  • the proposed techniques may solve different problems (poor coverage, poor estimation accuracy, low estimation frequency, etc.) and may provide different advantages (enhance SE, enhance energy efficiency (EE), reduced transmission power consumption, etc.).
  • Each block configuration has 12 modulation symbols (resource element) in total for example.
  • the useful data bits per block N ⁇ k with R coding rate and v layers in multiple input multiple output with SC-FDE system may be:
  • Figure 14 shows a block diagram of a method for determining a block configuration for a resource block.
  • the block configuration may be determined for example based on at least one of a channel used for transmitting the resource block, a RF impairment at the receiver or transmitter of the resource block or conditions of a link used for transmitting the resource block.
  • the proposed techniques may transmit data simultaneously on some or all RS symbols through IM.
  • the number of RS symbols may be maintained and the number of bits of data conveyed may be increased. These bits may be used to transmit additional data and to enhance SE. These bits may be used to transmit a same data (same SE) and to lower coding rate and enhance EE/coverage.
  • the number of RS symbols may be increased and the number of bits of data conveyed may be maintained.
  • the RS symbols may enhance estimation quality especially and may improve coverage and EE.
  • the underlying advantages of transmit data simultaneously on some or all RS symbols through IM can be described as follows.
  • the number of RS symbols per block and thus per slot can be raised while keeping at least the same number of bits per slot with same MCS, that is while keeping at least the same transport block size (TBS).
  • TBS transport block size
  • the estimation accuracy can be improved without sacrificing on spectral efficiency or coverage.
  • the communication system may work more efficiently (from an energy perspective) or may increase coverage.
  • the number of RS symbols per block may be kept constant. Thus, the number of bits per block and thus per slot may be increase. Consequently, when using the additional bits with additional data, the SE and TBS may be increased.
  • the additional bits may as well be used to lower the coding rate and at least one of improve the EE or coverage.
  • These techniques may be used for UL transmissions since it allows the UE at least one of the following: to reduce the power consumption, increase the coverage without additional transmitter complexity or to enhance SE with same power consumption. These techniques may be used for DL transmissions using any waveform with the same advantages.
  • the proposed techniques may convey an index independently on each RS symbol while keeping the position of the RS symbols fixed and known for the transmitter and receiver. This may lead to a simpler detection by the receiver. This may avoid single point of failure of joint RS symbol indexation that causes wrong estimation and highly degrades the performance if RS symbol positions are mis-detected.
  • RS symbol with or without IM are on fixed pre-defined positions known to the transmitter and receiver while with existing techniques RS symbol with IM (RS position IM) are on variable positions unknown to the receiver. Any error in RS symbol positions detection may affect the estimation accuracy and the system performance.
  • any RS pilot position mis-detection with existing techniques may not only affect the bits of data conveyed through IM, but also the channel estimation accuracy and data detection.
  • OFDM with such IM may be worse than classical OFDM of same SE at SE around 2bps/Hz at low signal to noise ratio even with perfect CSI.
  • the minimum means square error for channel estimation may be in order of 10 -2 in flat fading channel and larger number of iterations with turbo receiver (not studied in the frequency selective case).
  • This important degradation with existing techniques may be due to the low channel estimation accuracy when non-RS symbols are used in the estimator. This important degradation with existing techniques may also be due to the attempt of data detection on RS symbol positions which often use different modulation scheme.
  • a resource block may comprise a plurality of modulation symbols (resource elements). Each modulation symbol may either be a data symbol conveying data or RS symbol conveying a RS. Each modulation symbol may occupy all reserved frequency resources with single carrier (e.g., DFT-s-OFDM, SC-FDE) or a subcarrier with multicarrier (e.g., CP-OFDM). It may be noted that it was not possible without the proposed techniques to convey data and a RS jointly on a modulation symbol (resource element) with SC-FDE as in CP-OFDM and DFT-s-OFDM.
  • Independent pulse shaping indexation modulation may be performed on each RS symbol position.
  • the bits of data may be conveyed by the index of the selected pulse shaping filter.
  • the pulse shaping filter may be changed for each symbol for better SE.
  • the complex symbol on all RS symbol pre-defined positions carries a predefined known RS symbol to be used at the receiver for any estimation (e.g. PTRS/DMRS or both for PN and channel estimations).
  • a transmitter may select the pulse shaping filter according to bits of data.
  • the transmitter may transmit RS symbols on fixed known positions.
  • Data transmission on RS symbol may only be through IM. Here, it may be through the index of the selected pulse shaping filter.
  • the receiver may detect the selected pulse shaping filter to recover the extra information bits.
  • the receiver may perform at least one of channel or RF impairment (e.g. PN) estimation using the RS symbols on fixed positions.
  • the receiver may compensate any controlled distortion resulting from the used IM technique.
  • the receiver may iterate a turbo receiver to enhance the channel estimation accuracy and performance if necessary.
  • the receiver may equalize and detect data symbols if any.
  • single carrier systems include by default a pulse shaping filter explicitly as in pure single carrier (e.g. SC-FDE) or implicitly as a kernel of a transform (e.g. kernel in Fourier transforms).
  • This pulse shaping filter may be required to limit the bandwidth occupation. So, the pulse shaping filter indexation has no critical modification for the transmitter compared to conventional single carrier systems.
  • the receiver may be adapted to recover additional bits of data.
  • the proposed techniques may provide the ability to convey additional bits of data on some or all RS symbols independently to provide the aforementioned advantages.
  • the proposed techniques may avoid the degradation due the unknown RS symbol positions, and in one embodiment the single point of failure of all RS symbol joint indexation.
  • the proposed techniques are not limited to pulse shaping filter index modulation. Any other index modulation may be used as long as it has fixed pre-defined RS symbol positions known by both the transmitter and the receiver.
  • the index modulation technique can be performed on each RS symbol independently to convey additional bits of data. This avoids the single point of failure when all RS symbols jointly convey a single index as RS symbol positions and the estimation degradation due to unknown RS symbol positions.
  • the percentage distribution of RS with or without IM may be anything between 0% an 100% of total number of RS symbols in a block ( Figure 12(a) to Figure 12(e)).
  • the percentage of both RS types may be anything between 0% (block without any RS at all) and 100% of total number of symbols in a block (Fig. 12(d) and Fig. 12(e)).
  • the percentage distribution between RS symbols configured to convey data through IM may be 100% and the percentage distribution of RS symbols configured to not convey data through IM may be 0%.
  • This may be the preferred implementation to increase the number of RS symbols while maintaining at least the same system SE for better coverage.
  • the percentage distribution between RS symbols configured to convey data through IM may be 0% and the percentage distribution of RS symbols configured to not convey data through IM may be 100%.
  • This may be the preferred implementation to reduce receiver constraint. This may be the preferred implementation at high signal to noise ratio when the estimations are accurate enough and the RS symbol overhead is acceptable.
  • This may be also a mandatory backward compatibility configuration for LIE/BS without the capability of joint data transmission/reception within RS symbol.
  • the percentage distribution of RS symbols configured to convey data through IM and RS symbols configured to not convey data through IM may be anything between 0% and 100%.
  • the percentage distribution of RS symbols configured to convey data through IM and RS symbols configured to not convey data through IM may be determined based on various parameters, such as characteristics of the channel where a resource block is transmitted or RF impairments.
  • the percentage distribution between RS symbols configured to convey data through IM may be 40% and the percentage distribution of RS symbols configured to not convey data through IM may be 60%. This may be used to have an initial estimation using RS symbols configured to not convey data through IM, and then the RS configured to convey data through IM may be used in the next iteration if needed to enhance estimation quality and thus coverage.
  • a communication system may be configured to implement the proposed techniques via semistatic or dynamic signaling possibly with hard coded tabularization in the specifications using a combination of physical layer signalling and higher layer signalling (e.g. MAC-CE, RRC signalling).
  • This may be similar to MCS hard coded tables in the specifications where the dynamic signalling may indicate a configuration based on MCS index (e.g., MCSO, MCS1 , etc.) and an indicated table.
  • MCS index e.g., MCSO, MCS1 , etc.
  • a BS may send a request to a UE to send a report indicating parameters determined by the UE so that a most appropriate block configuration for a resource block may be determined.
  • the BS may receive the report from the UE comprising the parameters determined by the UE.
  • the report may explicitly or implicitly indicate the parameters determined by the UE.
  • the parameters determined by the UE may comprise channel characteristics where the resource block is transmitted, a type of RF impairment experienced by the UE, a level of RF impairment experienced by the UE, conditions of a link used for transmitting the resource block, a UE class or a UE capability.
  • the type of RF impairment may comprise a PN impairment, a doppler spread, a quantization impairment, an in phase and quadrature imbalance impairment, a PA non-linearity, a time jitter or a carrier frequency offset, etc.
  • the parameters determined by the UE may be measured by the UE or known from manufacturing by the UE.
  • a lookup table may define various report lengths and may be used by the UE to generate the report. For example, in-depth reports may be prioritized in poor link quality.
  • the BS may store reports received from the UE and may maintain an up-to-date list of one or more parameters determined by the UE.
  • the BS may determine parameters so that a most appropriate block configuration for a resource block may be determined.
  • the parameters determined by the BS may be determined based on transmission between the UE and the BS.
  • the parameters determined by the BS may comprise at least one of a carrier frequency used for transmitting the resource block, a bandwidth allocated to the UE, a MCS used for transmitting the resource block, a variation of a position of the UE, an acknowledgment/non-acknowledgement report for a previous resource block or an estimation derived from RS symbols of a previous resource block.
  • the BS may determine a need to change a block configuration for a resource block based on at least one of parameters determined by the UE or parameters determined by the BS.
  • the BS may determine the block configuration for the resource block based on at least one of parameters determined by the UE or parameters determined by the BS.
  • a lookup table may define at least one of various block configurations for various parameters determined by the UE or the BS and may be used by the BS to determine the block configuration.
  • the BS may receive an indication of a specific block configuration for the resource block from the UE.
  • the specific block configuration may be determined by the UE based on the parameters determined by the UE.
  • the BS may determine the block configuration based on the specific block configuration (i.e. the determined block configuration may be the specific block configuration).
  • the BS may send an indication of the block configuration to the UE.
  • the indication may be sent explicitly using a new field or using an existing field or implicitly.
  • the indication may be sent in a downlink control information (DCI), a UE-specific or group-specific higher layer signalling (i.e. medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) or RRC signalling).
  • DCI downlink control information
  • CE medium access control control element
  • RRC Radio Resource Control
  • the indication of the block configuration may comprise an indication of the number of RS symbols.
  • the indication of the block configuration may comprise an indication of the positions in the block of all RS symbols.
  • the indication of the block configuration may comprise an indication of the number (e.g. expressed as a percentage of the number of all RS symbols) of RS symbols configured to convey data through IM.
  • the indication of the block configuration may comprise an indication of the positions in the block of RS symbols configured to convey data through IM.
  • the indication of the block configuration may comprise an indication of the number (e.g. expressed as a percentage of the number of all RS symbols) of RS symbols configured to not convey data through IM.
  • the indication of the block configuration may comprise an indication of the positions in the block of RS symbols configured to not convey data through IM.
  • the indication of the block configuration may comprise an indication of parameters to generate the RS symbols.
  • the indication of the block configuration may comprise a single bit indicating that all RS symbols are configured to convey data through IM (100% RS without IM) or that all RS symbols are configured to not convey data through IM (100% RS without IM).
  • the indication of the block configuration may comprise a plurality of bits indicating a preselected number (e.g. 2) of RS symbols configured to convey data through IM and a preselected number (e.g. 3) of RS symbols configured to not convey data through IM (hybrid). Different combination of bits may indicate different number of RS symbols configured to convey data through IM and number of RS symbols configured to not convey data through IM.
  • a preselected number e.g. 2
  • a preselected number e.g. 3
  • the different number of RS symbols configured to convey data through IM and number of RS symbols configured to not convey data through IM may be based on a trade-off to maintain a same total number of bits per block with more RS symbols compared to baseline legacy configuration using same modulation order (Fig. 12(a)).
  • the different number of RS symbols configured to convey data through IM and number of RS symbols configured to not convey data through IM may be based on a trade-off to increase the total number of bits per block with at least equal number of RS symbols to at least one of enhance SE or enable lower coding rate for better performance.
  • the indication of the block configuration may comprise an indication of an IM technique for at least one of RS or parameters to configure the IM technique (e.g., pulse shaping filter bank).
  • the BS may transmit the resource block on the DL according to the block configuration.
  • the BS may transmit the resource block over PDSCH or PDCCH.
  • the UE may transmit the resource block on the UL according to the block configuration.
  • the UE may transmit the resource block over PLISCH or PLICCH.
  • the proposed techniques may allow to have different RS symbol time/frequency density in a resource block of any waveform (e.g. SC-FDE, DFT-s-OFDM, CP-OFDM).
  • the RS symbol fine time/frequency density may be up to 1 at resource element level.
  • the resource block may comprise RS symbols and may not comprise data symbols. All RS symbols may be configured to convey data through IM. This may be useful for control channels (e.g., PLICCH, PDCCH) which are critical to enable the communication.
  • the proposed techniques allow to have a RS symbol fine density at resource element level or modulation symbol level equal to one with any waveform while conveying data information by means of IM within at least one RS to avoid zero SE. Any other RS symbol density may be possible to adapt with the channel and RF impairments conditions.
  • the proposed techniques may tackle one or more of the above mentioned challenges.
  • the proposed techniques may tackle one or more of the below mentioned challenges.
  • a challenge may be coverage enhancement by enhancing in general the channel and RF impairments estimation accuracy by using more RS symbols especially at low signal to noise ratio.
  • Another challenge may be coverage enhancement by increasing a number of data bits conveyed through IM with at least same number of RS symbols and thus allowing smaller coding rate.
  • Another challenge may be SE enhancement by increasing TBS and reducing RS symbol overhead.
  • Another challenge may be to enable the estimation of fast-time varying parameters with less RS symbol overhead which may be crucial with high uncorrelated PN changing from symbol to symbol and high doppler spread (small coherence time).
  • Another challenge may be to enable up to 100% RS symbol allocation on all modulation symbols or resource elements while transmitting data within RS symbols by means of IM. A fine density at resource element level equals 1 is not possible without the proposed techniques.
  • the proposed techniques focus on single carrier (e.g. DFT-s-OFDM or the like, SC-FDE systems that may be adopted in higher frequencies). However, the proposed techniques may be applied also to multicarrier systems.
  • the proposed techniques may be applied to all data and control channels carrying RS symbols in UL and DL.
  • the block configuration can be fixed for some channels according to the required reliability especially for the control channel.
  • PLICCH and PDCCH can use a block configuration for a resource block configuring all RS symbols to convey data through IM as they are more critical.
  • Some formats e.g. PUCCH/PDCCH formats based on reference signals (not sequence based like PLICCH format 0)
  • PUCCH/PDCCH formats based on reference signals not sequence based like PLICCH format 0
  • channel estimation capability may be enhanced whilst allowing for better coverage with high mobility.
  • the UE or BS may detect high speeds. Based on the capability of the UE and the signal quality, the BS may determine a block configuration for a resource block configuring some or all DM RS symbols of the resource block to convey data through IM. By offering more accurate and frequent channel estimates, this may improve coverage when channel coherence times are small and other Rel-17 techniques are not feasible or enough alone (e.g. DMRS bundling, joint channel estimation).
  • phase noise estimation capability may be enhanced whilst allowing for better coverage in higher frequency ranges.
  • the oscillator PN may be strong and modelled primarily by an uncorrelated distribution (dominant at sub-THz).
  • the BS may determine a block configuration for a resource block configuring some or all PT-RS symbols of the resource block to convey data through IM.
  • PN may be estimated accurately at some or all s PT- RS symbols independently or jointly to improve coverage in those scenarios.
  • increasing the number of symbols dedicated to RS could not lead to loss in spectral efficiency in some cases. Indeed, RS symbols can convey data which is not the case with legacy solutions in the standard. So, the proposed techniques may allow to have better estimations, coverage enhancement without any loss in SE (more RS with same TBS) by increasing the number of bits to enable lower coding rate.
  • Figure 15 shows a block diagram of a method for determining a block configuration for a resource block.
  • the method may be performed by a BS (e.g. gNB).
  • BS e.g. gNB
  • the BS may determine if the UE supports block configurations for a resource block configuring some or all RS symbols to convey data through IM. The determination may be based on an indication received from the UE indicating that the UE supports block configurations for a resource block configuring some or all RS symbols to convey data through IM.
  • the method may go to step 1502. If the UE supports block configurations for a resource block configuring some or all RS symbols to convey data through IM, the method may go to step 1504.
  • the BS may determine a block configuration for a resource block configuring all RS symbols to not convey data through IM (e.g. Figure 12(a)).
  • the BS may determine whether the UE experiences poor coverage. If the UE experiences poor coverage, the method goes to step 1506. If the UE does not experience poor coverage, the method goes to step 1508.
  • the BS may determine a block configuration for a resource block configuring some or all RS symbols to convey data through IM (e.g. Figure 12(b) to 12(e)).
  • the BS may determine the block configuration to increase the number of RS symbols and achieve an appropriate density.
  • the BS may determine the block configuration to increase the number of bits while reducing the coding rate with the capability to maintain the same TBS.
  • the BS may determine the block configuration to increase the number of RS symbols and transmitting the same data to reduce the coding rate (hybrid).
  • the BS may determine whether higher SE is required. If higher SE is required, the method goes to 1510. If higher SE is not required, the method goes to 1512.
  • the BS may determine a block configuration for a resource block configuring some or all RS symbols to convey data through IM (e.g. Figure 12(b) to Figure 12(e)).
  • the BS may determine the block configuration to increase the number of data bits and increase TBS and SE.
  • the BS may determine a block configuration for a resource block configuring some or all RS symbols to convey data through IM (e.g. Figure 12(b) to Figure 12(e)).
  • the BS may determine the block configuration to increase EE.
  • the BS may adjust a transmission power command (TPC) to lower UE power consumption in UL.
  • the TPC may be sent to the UE through an appropriate DCI format (e.g. format 2_2).
  • Figure 16 shows signal diagrams of a process for transmitting and receiving a RS and data over different physical channels.
  • the BS may send a request to the UE to send a report indicating one or more parameters determined by the UE.
  • the BS may receive the report indicating one or more parameters determined by the UE from the UE.
  • the BS may determine a block configuration for a resource block based on the one or more parameters determined by the UE and one or more parameters autonomously determined by the BS.
  • the BS may receive an indication of a specific block configuration for a resource block from the UE.
  • the BS may determine a block configuration for a resource block based on the specific block configuration.
  • the BS may transmit an indication of the block configuration for the resource block to the UE.
  • the BS may transmit the indication of the block configuration using DCI or higher layer signalling.
  • the BS may receive a resource block over PUSCH or PUCCH according to the block configuration.
  • the BS may transmit a resource block over PDSCH or PDCCH according to the block configuration
  • IM schemes on RS symbols may be used. Any modulation can be used on data symbols. This includes conventional modulations (e.g., QAM, PSK, etc.) and even modulation schemes with IM where data can also transmitted by indexing a selected transceiver state (e.g. filter shapes can be used with data symbols to at least one of increase the number of bits for better coverage with lower coding rate or better spectral efficiency).
  • modulation schemes with IM where data can also transmitted by indexing a selected transceiver state (e.g. filter shapes can be used with data symbols to at least one of increase the number of bits for better coverage with lower coding rate or better spectral efficiency).
  • Any data and control channel in UL and DL can adopt this method as long as it needs some RS.
  • Figure 17 shows a block diagram of a method for receiving a RS and data performed by an apparatus, for example a UE.
  • the UE may receive, from a BS, an indication of a block configuration for a resource block, wherein the block configuration configures at least one RS symbol on a predefined fixed position in the resource block to convey data via IM.
  • the UE may receive, from the BS, the resource block according to the block configuration or transmit, to the BS, the resource block according to the block configuration.
  • the resource block may comprise RS symbols and data symbols.
  • the block configuration may configure all RS symbol on pre-defined fixed positions in the resource block to convey data via IM.
  • data symbols or “data resource elements” may refer to symbols or resource elements conveying at least an explicit data part (data symbols could have also additional data implicitly via index modulation).
  • data symbols or “data resource elements” may refer to symbols or resource elements not carrying a reference signal.
  • the resource block may comprise RS symbols and data symbols.
  • the block configuration configures at least one RS symbol on a pre-defined fixed position in the resource block to convey data via IM and at least one other RS symbol on a pre-defined fixed position in the resource block to not convey data via IM.
  • the resource block may comprise RS symbols and may not comprise data symbols.
  • the block configuration may configure all RS symbol on pre-defined fixed positions in the resource block to convey data via IM or the block configuration may configure at least one RS symbol on a pre-defined fixed position in the resource block to convey data via IM and at least one other RS symbol on a pre-defined fixed position in the resource block to not convey data via IM.
  • At least one RS symbol on a pre-defined fixed position in the resource block may convey data independently via IM.
  • At least two RS symbols on pre-defined fixed positions in the resource block may convey data jointly via index modulation.
  • RS symbols on pre-defined fixed positions known by Tx and Rx in cases Fig. 12(b) to Fig. 12(e) can convey implicit data: independently per RS (e.g. using filter shapes indexation technique or other techniques); or jointly with more than one RS or all RS symbols while keeping RS on same pre-defined positions.
  • a known pre-defined DMRS sequence forTx/Rx (e.g., ⁇ s1 ,s2,s3,s4,s5,s6 ⁇ ) is mapped to pre-defined positions (e.g., ⁇ 1 ,3,5,7,9,11 ⁇ in one resource block or ⁇ 1 ,2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ⁇ as Fig. 12(b)).
  • pre-defined positions e.g., ⁇ 1 ,3,5,7,9,11 ⁇ in one resource block or ⁇ 1 ,2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ⁇ as Fig. 12(b)
  • the index of shift applied to sequence at Tx according to information bits conveys implicit data jointly with all RS and the shift index is detected at Rx by a correlator with peak detection for example.
  • two bits may be conveyed jointly by shift index of the sequence and these DMRS symbols may be carried on the pre-defined fixed RS positions:
  • RS are still on fixed pre-defined positions and all RS convey jointly data implicitly.
  • the pre-defined fixed positions of the RS symbols in the resource block may be known by the apparatus and the BS.
  • the pre-defined fixed positions of the RS symbols may be reconfigurable.
  • the resource block may be a single carrier resource block or a multicarrier resource block.
  • the apparatus may transmit, to the BS, at least one of an indication of whether the apparatus supports a block configuration configuring at least one RS symbol on pre-defined fixed position in the resource block to convey data via IM or an indication of at least one parameter determined by the apparatus.
  • the at least one parameter may be measured by the apparatus or known from manufacturing by the apparatus.
  • the indication may explicitly or implicitly indicate the at least one parameter.
  • the apparatus may receive, from the BS, a request to transmit the indication of the at least one parameter.
  • the at least one parameter may comprise: a channel characteristics where the resource block is transmitted, a type of RF impairment experienced by the apparatus, a level of RF impairment experienced by the apparatus, conditions of a link used for transmitting the resource block, an apparatus class, an apparatus capability.
  • the type of radio frequency impairment may comprise at least one of a phase noise impairment, a doppler spread, a quantization impairment, an in phase and quadrature imbalance impairment; a power amplifier non-linearity, a time jitter; or a carrier frequency offset.
  • the apparatus may transmit, to the BS, an indication of a specific block configuration.
  • the indication of the block configuration may be received, from the BS, via at least one of: UE specific DCI, group specific DCI, MAC CE, RRC configuration of higher layer signaling.
  • the IM on the at least one RS symbol may be performed by selecting a pulse shaping filter amongst a plurality of pulse shaping filters based on the data to be conveyed.
  • the resource block may be received, from the BS, over a PDCCH or a PDSCH or transmitted, to the BS over a PLISCH or a PLICCH.
  • the resource block may be received, from the BS, or transmitted, to the BS, over a frequency band above 71GHz or below 71GHz.
  • Figure 18 shows a block diagram of a method for transmitting a RS and data performed by an apparatus, for example a BS.
  • the apparatus may determine a block configuration for a resource block, wherein the block configuration configures at least one RS symbol slot on a pre-defined fixed position in the resource block to convey data via IM.
  • the apparatus may transmit, to a UE, an indication of the block configuration.
  • the apparatus may transmit, to the UE, a resource block according to the block configuration or receive, from the UE, a resource block according to the block configuration.
  • the apparatus may receive, from the UE, at least one of an indication of whether the UE supports a block configuration configuring at least one RS symbol on a pre-defined fixed position in the resource block to convey data via IM or an indication of at least one parameter determined by the UE.
  • the apparatus may determine the block configuration based on the indication.
  • the apparatus may send, to the UE, a request to send the indication of the at least one parameter.
  • the apparatus may store the indication of the at least one parameter.
  • the apparatus may retrieve an indication of at least one parameter determined by the UE for a previous resource block.
  • the apparatus may determine the block configuration based on the at least one parameter.
  • the at least one parameter may be measured by the UE or known from manufacturing by the UE.
  • the at least one parameter may comprise at least one of: a channel characteristics where the resource block is transmitted, a type of RF impairment experienced by the UE, a level of RF impairment experienced by the UE, conditions of a link used for transmitting the resource block, a UE class or a UE capability.
  • the apparatus may determine at least one parameter.
  • the apparatus may determine the block configuration based on the at least one parameter.
  • the at least one parameter may comprise at least one of: a carrier frequency used for transmitting the resource block, a bandwidth allocated to the UE, a modulation and coding scheme used for transmitting the resource block, a variation of a position of the UE, an acknowledgment/non-acknowledgement report for a previous resource block or an estimation derived from RS symbols of a previous resource block.
  • the apparatus may receive, from the UE, an indication of a specific block configuration.
  • the apparatus may determine the block configuration based on the specific block configuration.
  • Figure 19 shows a schematic representation of non-volatile memory media 1900 storing at least one of instructions or parameters which when executed by a processor allow the processor to perform one or more of the steps of the methods of Figures 17 and 18.
  • some embodiments may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof.
  • some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device, although embodiments are not limited thereto.
  • firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device, although embodiments are not limited thereto. While various embodiments may be illustrated and described as block diagrams, flow charts, or using some other pictorial representation, it is well understood that these blocks, apparatus, systems, techniques or methods described herein may be implemented in, as nonlimiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
  • the embodiments may be implemented by computer software stored in a memory and executable by at least one data processor of the involved entities or by hardware, or by a combination of software and hardware. Further in this regard it should be noted that any procedures, e.g., as in Figures 17 and 18, may represent program steps, or interconnected logic circuits, blocks and functions, or a combination of program steps and logic circuits, blocks and functions.
  • the software may be stored on such physical media as memory chips, or memory blocks implemented within the processor, magnetic media such as hard disk or floppy disks, and optical media such as for example DVD and the data variants thereof, CD.
  • the memory may be of any type suitable to the local technical environment and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as semiconductor-based memory devices, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory and removable memory.
  • the data processors may be of any type suitable to the local technical environment, and may include one or more of general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application specific integrated circuits (ASIC), gate level circuits and processors based on multi-core processor architecture, as non-limiting examples.
  • circuitry may be configured to perform at least one of one or more of the functions or method steps previously described. That circuitry may be provided in the base station and/or in the communications device.
  • circuitry may refer to one or more or all of the following:
  • circuit(s) and or processor(s) such as a microprocessor(s) or a portion of a microprocessor(s), that requires software (e.g., firmware) for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation.
  • software e.g., firmware
  • circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (or multiple processors) or portion of a hardware circuit or processor and its (or their) accompanying at least one of software or firmware.
  • circuitry also covers, for example integrated device.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

La divulgation concerne un appareil comprenant : des moyens permettant de recevoir (1700), en provenance d'une station de base, une indication d'une configuration de bloc pour un bloc de ressource, la configuration de bloc configurant au moins un symbole de signal de référence sur une position fixe prédéfinie dans le bloc de ressource pour transporter des données par l'intermédiaire d'une modulation d'indice ; et des moyens permettant de recevoir (1702), en provenance de la station de base, le bloc de ressource selon la configuration de bloc ou des moyens permettant de transmettre (1702), à la station de base, le bloc de ressource selon la configuration de bloc.
PCT/EP2022/085553 2022-12-13 2022-12-13 Appareils, procédés et programme informatique pour modulation d'indice WO2024125765A1 (fr)

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