WO2024119989A1 - Equalization control circuit and method for battery pack, and terminal device - Google Patents

Equalization control circuit and method for battery pack, and terminal device Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024119989A1
WO2024119989A1 PCT/CN2023/122296 CN2023122296W WO2024119989A1 WO 2024119989 A1 WO2024119989 A1 WO 2024119989A1 CN 2023122296 W CN2023122296 W CN 2023122296W WO 2024119989 A1 WO2024119989 A1 WO 2024119989A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
circuit
battery pack
battery
balancing
voltage
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/122296
Other languages
French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
曲春营
曾得志
陈社彪
田晨
张加亮
谢红斌
Original Assignee
Oppo广东移动通信有限公司
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Application filed by Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 filed Critical Oppo广东移动通信有限公司
Publication of WO2024119989A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024119989A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of circuit technology, and in particular to a battery pack balancing control circuit, method and terminal device.
  • terminal devices are carrying more and more functions, and the corresponding power consumption is also increasing accordingly, requiring larger and larger battery capacity.
  • two batteries or more batteries
  • the weakest capacity of the series battery will determine the capacity of the entire battery pack.
  • the voltage of the two batteries will be unbalanced, and the performance of the two batteries will be differentiated, reducing the battery life and the capacity of the entire battery pack.
  • a battery balancing method is usually used to balance the charging current and discharging current of the entire battery pack, so that the battery capacities of two batteries in the battery pack can be fully charged or discharged at the same time, thereby improving the battery life.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a battery pack balancing control circuit, method and terminal device, which reduce discharge loss.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a balancing control circuit of a battery pack, the balancing control circuit of the battery pack comprising: a controller, a load switch and a buck circuit; the battery pack comprises a first battery pack and a second battery pack connected in series, the battery capacity of the first battery pack is smaller than the battery capacity of the second battery pack;
  • the first end of the load switch is connected between the first battery group and the second battery group, the second end of the load switch is connected to the system circuit, and the first battery group is connected to the second end of the load switch through the step-down circuit;
  • the controller is configured to send a first control signal to the load switch when the difference between the remaining power of the second battery group obtained and the remaining power of the first battery group obtained is greater than a preset power range during the discharge process of the first battery group and the second battery group;
  • the load switch is configured to close under the action of the first control signal so that the second battery group discharges separately to the system circuit;
  • the controller is also configured to send a second control signal to the step-down circuit when the power difference is within the preset power range;
  • the step-down circuit is configured to be in a working state under the action of the second control signal, and to step down the voltage after the first battery group and the second battery group are connected in series and then discharge to the system circuit.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a terminal device, the terminal device comprising: a first battery group and a second battery group connected in series, and a balancing control circuit for the battery group as described in the first aspect; wherein the battery capacity of the first battery group is smaller than the battery capacity of the second battery group, the full charge voltage and the empty discharge voltage of the first battery group and the second battery group are the same, the first battery group belongs to a first battery cell system, and the second battery group belongs to a second battery cell system; the first end of the load switch in the balancing control circuit of the battery group is connected between the first battery group and the second battery group, and the positive electrode of the first battery group is connected to the second end of the load switch through a step-down circuit in the balancing control circuit of the battery group; the balancing control circuit of the battery group is configured to close the load switch under the action of a first control signal during the discharge process of the first battery group and the second battery group when the power difference between the remaining power of the second battery group and the remaining
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery pack balancing control method, the method comprising: during the discharge process of a first battery pack and a second battery pack, when the power difference between the acquired remaining power of the second battery pack and the acquired remaining power of the first battery pack is greater than a preset power range, closing the load switch under the action of a first control signal, so that the second battery pack discharges separately to the system circuit; wherein, the second battery pack is connected in series with the first battery pack, and the battery capacity of the first battery pack is smaller than the battery capacity of the second battery pack; when the power difference is within the preset power range, the step-down circuit is in working state under the action of the second control signal; and the voltage of the first battery pack and the second battery pack connected in series is stepped down by the step-down circuit and then discharged to the system circuit.
  • the balancing control circuit of the battery pack includes: the balancing control circuit of the battery pack includes: a controller, a load switch and a buck circuit; the battery pack includes a first battery pack and a second battery pack connected in series, and the battery capacity of the first battery pack is less than the battery capacity of the second battery pack; the first end of the load switch is connected between the first battery pack and the second battery pack, the second end of the load switch is connected to the system circuit, and the first battery pack is connected to the second end of the load switch through the buck circuit.
  • the controller is configured to send a first control signal to the load switch when the difference between the remaining power of the second battery group and the remaining power of the first battery group is greater than a preset power range during the discharge process of the first battery group and the second battery group; the load switch is configured to close under the action of the first control signal to achieve conduction between the second battery group and the system circuit, so that the second battery group discharges to the system circuit alone; the controller is also configured to send a second control signal to the buck circuit when the power difference is within the preset power range; the buck circuit is configured to be in a working state under the action of the second control signal, and discharge the voltage after the first battery group and the second battery group are connected in series to the system circuit after the voltage is reduced.
  • the second battery group is controlled to discharge directly to the system circuit through the load switch, that is, the large-capacity battery group is discharged alone, and when the difference between the remaining power of the two is within the preset power range, the load switch is disconnected, and the buck circuit in the working state is used to reduce the voltage and then supply power, thereby completing the entire discharge process.
  • the load switch only plays a switching role, and there are no other components. The circuit energy loss is less. Compared with the balanced discharge method through the balancing circuit and the step-down circuit, the discharge loss is reduced and the endurance of the terminal equipment is improved.
  • FIG1 is an optional schematic diagram of a balancing control circuit of a battery pack provided in an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG2 is an optional schematic diagram of another battery pack balancing control circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG3 is an optional schematic diagram of a discharge equalization path for batteries of unequal capacity provided in an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG4 is an optional schematic diagram of another battery pack balancing control circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG5 is an optional schematic diagram of a discharge path of batteries of unequal capacity provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG6 is an optional schematic diagram of a voltage discharge curve provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG7 is an optional schematic diagram of another battery pack balancing control circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG8 is a schematic diagram of an optional structure of a discharge equalization circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG9 is an optional schematic diagram of another voltage discharge curve provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG10 is an optional schematic diagram of another battery pack balancing control circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG11 is an optional schematic diagram of a charging path for batteries of unequal capacity provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG12 is an optional schematic diagram of a voltage charging curve provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG13 is an optional schematic diagram of another battery pack balancing control circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG14 is a schematic diagram of an optional structure of a charging equalization circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG15 is an optional schematic diagram of another voltage charging curve provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG16 is a schematic diagram of an optional structure of a terminal device provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG17 is a schematic diagram of an optional structure of a charge/discharge balancing circuit for batteries of different capacities in a terminal device provided in an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 18 is a flowchart of optional steps of a method for controlling a battery pack balance according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Terminal devices with folding forms can use special-shaped equal-capacity batteries connected in series or special-shaped unequal-capacity batteries connected in parallel.
  • the special-shaped equal-capacity battery series connection solution requires the cells to be of similar volume, and the volume size determines the cell capacity. It cannot fully utilize the structural space of the terminal device, reducing the endurance of the terminal device.
  • terminal devices e.g., mobile phones
  • terminal devices use dual batteries of the same system in series, with the same capacity, which cannot effectively utilize the structural space of the terminal device, resulting in capacity waste.
  • Terminal devices e.g., foldable screen mobile phones
  • the capacity difference is large, the battery capacity loss is large, which reduces the endurance of the terminal device.
  • the balancing control circuit of the battery pack in the embodiment of the present application can be applied to terminal devices, which may include but are not limited to user equipment (UE), mobile phones, folding screen mobile phones, power banks, wearable devices (for example, smart watches, smart necklaces, wearable electronic socks, wearable glasses and smart clothing, etc.), laptops, PDAs (Personal Digital Assistants, PDAs), tablets, e-books, game consoles and other electronic devices that require dual-cell series connection.
  • UE user equipment
  • mobile phones folding screen mobile phones
  • power banks wearable devices
  • wearable devices for example, smart watches, smart necklaces, wearable electronic socks, wearable glasses and smart clothing, etc.
  • laptops PDAs (Personal Digital Assistants, PDAs)
  • tablets e-books
  • game consoles game consoles and other electronic devices that require dual-cell series connection.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a balancing control circuit of a battery pack, as shown in FIG1 , which is an optional schematic diagram of a balancing control circuit of a battery pack provided in the embodiment of the present application, wherein the balancing control circuit 100 of the battery pack comprises: a controller 10, a load switch 20 and a buck circuit 30; the battery pack comprises a first battery pack 200 and a second battery pack 300 connected in series, and the battery capacity of the first battery pack 200 is smaller than that of the second battery pack 300; the first end of the load switch 20 is connected between the first battery pack 200 and the second battery pack 300, the second end of the load switch 20 is connected to the system circuit 400, and the first battery pack 200 is connected to the second end of the load switch 20 through the buck circuit 30; the controller 10 is configured as During the discharge process of the first battery pack 200 and the second battery pack 300, when the difference between the remaining power of the second battery pack 300 and the remaining power of the first battery pack 200 is greater than a preset power range, a first control signal
  • the first output terminal of the controller 10 is connected to the first control terminal of the load switch 20, and is configured to send a drive signal to the load switch 20;
  • the second output terminal of the controller 10 is connected to the second control terminal of the buck circuit 30, and is configured to send a drive signal to the buck circuit 30.
  • the system voltage Vsys in Figure 1 represents the discharge voltage required by the system circuit 400.
  • a fuel meter can be used to detect the voltage and current of the battery pack (the first battery pack 200 or the second battery pack 300), and then the controller 10 determines the amount of electricity discharged by the battery pack according to the discharge current and discharge time of the battery pack, and then determines the remaining amount of electricity of the battery pack in combination with the rated amount or initial amount of electricity of the battery pack.
  • the remaining amount of electricity of the battery pack is the rated amount of electricity of the battery pack.
  • the controller 10 does not need to calculate according to the discharge current and discharge time to know the remaining amount of electricity of the battery pack.
  • the preset power interval can be a small interval (for example, [0, 1], [0.5, 5], etc.) with a small value (for example, 0, 1, etc.) as the origin, indicating that the remaining power of the second battery pack 300 is much greater than or close to the first battery pack 200, which can be at the beginning of discharge or at any time during the discharge process, as long as the remaining power of the second battery pack 300 is not less than the first battery pack 200.
  • the controller 10 controls the load switch 20 to close, thereby connecting the second battery pack 300 and the system circuit 400, and the second battery pack 300 discharges to the system circuit 400 alone.
  • the load switch 20 only plays a switching role, and there are no other components, and the circuit energy loss is less. Therefore, the separate discharge of this part improves the discharge efficiency, reduces the discharge loss, and improves the endurance of the terminal device.
  • the controller 10 is further configured to send a third control signal to the load switch 20 when the power difference is within a preset power interval; the load switch 20 is further configured to change from closed to open under the action of the third control signal.
  • the load switch 20 and the buck circuit 30 do not work at the same time.
  • the controller 10 controls the load switch 20 from closed to open (to disconnect the second battery pack 300 from the system circuit 400), and controls the buck circuit 30 to be in a working state.
  • the series voltage of the first battery pack 200 and the second battery pack 300 after being connected in series is greater than the voltage required by the system circuit 400.
  • the voltages of the first battery pack 200 and the second battery pack 300 and the voltage required by the system circuit 400 are all 4V, and the voltage after the series connection is 8V. Therefore, the series voltage also needs to be discharged to the system circuit 400 after being stepped down by the buck circuit 30.
  • the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300 can be single-cell batteries, for example, including one battery A, or can be a battery pack composed of multiple batteries connected in series, in parallel, or a mixture of series and parallel, for example, composed of two batteries A connected in series, three batteries B connected in parallel, or two batteries connected in series and another battery connected in parallel.
  • the embodiment of the present application is not limited to this.
  • the controller 10 can be an application processor (AP), a central processing unit (CPU), etc.
  • AP application processor
  • CPU central processing unit
  • the controller 10 has computing and processing functions and drives and controls other devices through driving signals (or control logic) (for example, turning on, disconnecting, controlling the resistance of the device, etc.), the embodiment of the present application is not limited to this.
  • the load switch 20 can be a controllable power device, or other mechanical physical structure or device with controllable on-off function, or a reaction container based on chemical principles, etc. As long as it can play the on-off role under the control of the controller 10, it does not need to include other complex components, and the embodiment of the present application does not limit this.
  • the battery capacity represents the amount of electricity stored in the battery.
  • the battery capacity represents the rated power or initial power of the battery pack, and the remaining power is the remaining power after the battery pack discharges a period of time or a certain amount of power. The remaining power can be obtained by subtracting the discharged power from the battery capacity.
  • the preset power interval represents the timing of controlling the closing and opening of the load switch 20, and the preset power interval can be a numerical point, for example, 0, 1 mAh, etc.
  • the preset power interval can be a numerical point, for example, 0, 1 mAh, etc.
  • the second battery pack 300 is greater than the battery capacity of the first battery pack 200, or, during the discharge process (for example, the first battery pack 200 and the second battery pack 300 are discharged by the discharge balancing method, and then the second battery pack 300 is greater than the remaining power of the first battery pack 200, the load switch 20 can be closed and the buck circuit 30 is in an inoperative state, so that the second battery pack 300 is discharged alone.
  • the preset power interval can be a small interval, for example, [0, 1mAh], [2mAh, 10mAh], etc.
  • the preset power interval is [0, 10mAh] for explanation.
  • the battery capacity of the second battery pack 300 is greater than that of the first battery pack 200, and the condition that the power difference is greater than [0, 1mAh] is met.
  • the load switch 20 can be closed and the buck circuit 30 is in a non-working state, so that the second battery pack 300 can be discharged alone.
  • a low-loss discharge balancing method is implemented by using the load switch 20.
  • the balancing circuit 60 does not work.
  • the two discharge paths of large-capacity battery discharge alone and dual-battery series discharge are switched to ensure that the series-connected batteries with different capacities are discharged at the same time.
  • the discharge efficiency is improved. For example, it can be ensured that the remaining power of batteries of different capacities is the same, and then they are discharged in series through the step-down circuit 30, thereby reducing the discharge loss and improving the endurance of the terminal device.
  • the balancing control circuit 100 of the battery pack includes: a controller 10, a load switch 20 and a buck circuit 30; the battery pack includes a first battery pack 200 and a second battery pack 300 connected in series, and the battery capacity of the first battery pack 200 is smaller than that of the second battery pack 300; the first end of the load switch 20 is connected between the first battery pack 200 and the second battery pack 300, the second end of the load switch 20 is connected to the system circuit 400, the first output end of the controller 10 is connected to the first control end of the load switch 20, the second output end of the controller 10 is connected to the second control end of the buck circuit 30, the first battery pack 200 is connected to the second end of the load switch 20 through the buck circuit 30, and the load switch 20 is added to the original circuit without changing other structures of the original circuit, thereby improving the circuit reusability.
  • the controller 10 is configured to send a first control signal to the load switch 20 when the difference between the remaining power of the second battery group 300 and the remaining power of the first battery group 200 obtained during the discharge of the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300 is greater than a preset power range; the load switch 20 is configured to close under the action of the first control signal to achieve conduction between the second battery group 300 and the system circuit 400, so that the second battery group 300 discharges separately to the system circuit 400; the controller 10 is also configured to send a third control signal to the load switch 20 and a second control signal to the step-down circuit 30 when the power difference is within the preset power range; the load switch 20 is also configured to change from closed to open under the action of the third control signal to achieve disconnection between the second battery group 300 and the system circuit 400; the step-down circuit 30 is configured to be in a working state under the action of the second control signal, and to discharge to the system circuit 400 after stepping down the voltage after the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300 are connected in series.
  • the second battery pack 300 is controlled to discharge directly to the system circuit 400 through the load switch 20, that is, the large-capacity battery pack is discharged separately, and when the difference between the remaining power of the two is within the preset power range, the load switch 20 is disconnected, and the buck circuit 30 in the working state is used to step down the voltage and supply power, thereby completing the entire discharge process.
  • the load switch 20 only plays a switching function, and there are no other components. The circuit energy loss is small. Compared with the balanced discharge method through the balancing circuit 60 and the buck circuit 30, the discharge loss is reduced and the endurance of the terminal device is improved.
  • the on-off timing of the load switch 20 is determined according to the remaining power.
  • the load switch 20 is discharged separately in the first half of the time.
  • the buck circuit 30 is discharged in series in the second half of the time, thereby improving the discharge efficiency.
  • the present application embodiment further provides a battery pack balancing control circuit, as shown in FIG. 2, which is an optional schematic diagram of another battery pack balancing control circuit provided in the present application embodiment.
  • the battery pack balancing control circuit 100 It also includes: a first fuel meter 40 and a second fuel meter 50; the two measuring ends of the first fuel meter 40 are respectively connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the first battery group 200, and the output end of the first fuel meter 40 is connected to the first input end of the controller 10; the two measuring ends of the second fuel meter 50 are respectively connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the second battery group 300, and the output end of the second fuel meter 50 is connected to the second input end of the controller 10; the first fuel meter 40 is configured to output the discharge current of the first battery group 200 to the controller 10; the second fuel meter 50 is configured to output the discharge current of the second battery group 300 to the controller 10; the controller 10 is also configured to determine the remaining power of the first battery group 200 according to
  • a coulomb counter is connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the battery pack (the first battery pack 200 or the second battery pack 300), and is configured to measure the voltage across the battery pack and the current passing through the battery pack, and send the voltage and discharge current to the controller 10.
  • the controller 10 can determine the discharged power according to the discharge current and discharge time of the battery pack (the discharge time here refers to the discharge time of the battery pack alone), and integrate the current and the discharge time to obtain the discharged power, and the unit of the discharged power is mAh.
  • the battery capacity (i.e., rated power) of the battery pack is subtracted from the discharged power to obtain the remaining power of the battery pack.
  • the current and voltage of the battery pack are measured by a fuel meter and output to the controller 10, so that the controller 10 can determine whether the remaining power difference meets the preset power range based on the voltage and discharge current, thereby determining the timing of controlling the load switch 20 to close and open, thereby completing the discharge process, reducing the discharge loss, and improving the endurance of the terminal device.
  • FIG 3 is an optional schematic diagram of an unequal capacity battery discharge balancing path provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the system voltage Vsys represents the discharge voltage required by the system circuit 400
  • the small capacity Bat1 represents the first battery group 200
  • the large capacity Bat2 represents the second battery group 300.
  • the voltage of the small capacity Bat1, the voltage of the large capacity Bat2 and Vsys are the same.
  • the voltage can be set to 4V.
  • the unequal capacity battery discharge balancing path includes discharge path 1 and discharge path 2, wherein discharge path 1 is Bat2 discharged alone through the load switch 20, and discharge path 2 is the series voltage of Bat2 and Bat1, which is discharged after being stepped down by the buck circuit 30 (2:1).
  • the unequal capacity battery discharge balancing path provided in Figure 3 is applied to the discharge process, and the load switch 20 only plays a role of on and off. It cannot play a balancing role on the charging current of Bat2 during the charging process, so it is not suitable for the charging process.
  • FIG3 also shows an active balancing circuit 60, which can balance the charging current of Bat2 and Bat1 during the charging process, thereby reducing the voltage imbalance and performance differentiation of Bat2 and Bat1, and improving the service life of the battery pack.
  • the active balancing circuit 60 can also balance the discharge current of Bat2 and Bat1 during the discharge process.
  • the embodiment of the present application further provides a balancing control circuit of a battery pack, as shown in Figure 4, which is an optional schematic diagram of another balancing control circuit of a battery pack provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the balancing control circuit 100 of the battery pack also includes: a balancing circuit 60; the positive electrode of the first battery pack 200 is connected to the first end of the balancing circuit 60 through the buck circuit 30, and the second end of the balancing circuit 60 is connected to the positive electrode of the second battery pack 300; the controller 10 is further configured to send a fourth control signal to the balancing circuit 60 and a fifth control signal to the buck circuit 30 when the power difference is greater than the preset power range; the balancing circuit 60 is configured to be in a constant resistance working state under the action of the fourth control signal to balance the discharge current of the first battery pack 200 and the second battery pack 300, so that the second battery pack 300 discharges to the system circuit 400 through the balancing circuit 60; the buck circuit 30 is further configured to be in a working state under the action of the fifth control signal, and discharges to the system circuit 400 after the voltage after the first battery pack 200 and the second battery pack 300 are connected in series.
  • the third output terminal of the controller 10 is connected to the third control terminal of the balancing circuit 60, and is configured to send a driving signal to the balancing circuit 60.
  • the power difference is greater than the preset power interval, it means that the remaining power of the second battery group 300 is much greater than or close to that of the first battery group 200.
  • the remaining power of the second battery group 300 is much greater than that of the first battery group 200, and the balancing circuit 60 and the buck circuit 30 are directly controlled to be in a working state, and discharge is performed through a scheme of balancing the discharge current.
  • the load switch 20 is not involved.
  • the second battery group 300 is discharged alone through the load switch 20. After a period of time of single discharge, the load switch 20 is disconnected at a certain moment. At this time, (1) the remaining power of the second battery group 300 may be greater than that of the first battery group 200, and the balancing circuit 60 and the buck circuit 30 are controlled to be in a working state, and discharge is performed through a scheme of balancing the discharge current. (2) The remaining capacity of the second battery pack 300 may be equal to that of the first battery pack 200. By controlling the step-down circuit 30 to be in working state, the step-down circuit 30 steps down the series voltage and then discharges.
  • the remaining capacity of the second battery pack 300 and the first battery pack 200 is equal, the remaining capacity unit is mAh, and the remaining capacity is the same, the empty voltage can be reached at the same time within the same discharge time, and there is no need to turn on the balancing circuit 60.
  • the discharge process is simple to implement, the discharge efficiency is high, and the discharge loss is reduced.
  • the balancing circuit 60 can also be turned on to discharge through a solution of balancing the discharge current.
  • the remaining capacity of the second battery pack 300 may be less than that of the first battery pack 200.
  • the balancing circuit 60 and the step-down circuit 30 are controlled to be in working state, and the discharge is carried out through a solution of balancing the discharge current. Since the remaining capacity of the second battery pack 300 is less than that of the first battery pack 200, during the discharge process, the first battery pack 200 charges the second battery pack 300 through the step-down circuit 30 and the balancing circuit 60 to balance the remaining capacity of the two.
  • the first battery pack 200 is Bat1
  • the battery capacity of Bat1 is 2000 mAh
  • the second battery pack 300 is Bat2
  • the battery capacity of Bat2 is 2000 mAh.
  • the battery capacity is 2800mAh and the remaining capacity is the remaining capacity.
  • the controller 10 first controls the load switch 20 to close, and Bat2 discharges alone to 2000mAh (that is, the remaining capacity of Bat2 is 2000mAh). Then, the controller 10 controls the load switch 20 to disconnect, and controls the buck circuit 30 to be in working state (there is no need to turn on the balancing circuit 60 here). Since the remaining capacity of Bat2 and Bat1 is the same, the unit of the remaining capacity is mAh.
  • the controller 10 first controls the load switch 20 to close, and Bat2 discharges alone to 1400mAh or 2400mAh. Then, the controller 10 controls the load switch 20 to disconnect, controls the buck circuit 30 and the balancing circuit 60 to be in working state, and realizes the series discharge of Bat1 and Bat2 through active balancing.
  • the full charge voltage and the empty discharge voltage of the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300 are the same.
  • the load switch 20 is not involved, and the equalization circuit 60 and the step-down circuit 30 implement the equalization discharge process as an example.
  • the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300 start to discharge, the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300 both start to decrease from the full charge voltage, and the voltage reduction rate of the first battery group 200 is greater than that of the second battery group 300.
  • the equalization circuit 60 is in a constant resistance working state under the action of the fourth control signal (the equalization circuit 60 is equivalent to a constant resistor with a very small resistance value).
  • the discharge equalization current of the equalization circuit 60 is proportional to the discharge voltage difference between the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300.
  • the ratio of the discharge current of the first battery group 200 to the second battery group 300 is greater than the ratio of the battery capacity of the first battery group 200 to the second battery group 300, indicating that the discharge current of the first battery group 200 is too large.
  • the discharge voltage difference increases with time, and the discharge balancing current increases accordingly, until the discharge current ratio is equal to the battery capacity ratio, and the voltage reduction speed of the first battery pack 200 and the second battery pack 300 is the same.
  • the gear of the load current Isys corresponding to the system circuit 400 will be reduced.
  • the discharge current ratio is less than the battery capacity ratio
  • the discharge voltage difference decreases with time
  • the discharge balancing current decreases accordingly, until the discharge current ratio is equal to the battery capacity ratio.
  • the discharge current decreases again, the discharge voltage difference decreases again with time, and the discharge balancing current decreases again, until the discharge voltage difference is reduced to zero, so that the first battery pack 200 and the second battery pack 300 reach the emptying voltage at the same time, thereby reducing the voltage imbalance of the battery pack and improving the service life of the battery pack.
  • the balancing circuit 60 may include any combination of at least two of the components such as triodes, diodes, resistors, capacitors, inductors, field effect transistors (MOSFET, MOS tubes), etc., which can realize bidirectional current flow.
  • the on-off combination of the components can realize working in a constant resistance state (equivalent to a resistor with a very small resistance value), and the on-off combination of the components can also be used to control the current flowing (equivalent to an adjustable resistor), so as to work in a constant voltage state.
  • the balancing circuit 60 can be a bidirectional low dropout regulator (LDO), a C-UK (Care Unite Skin) chopper circuit, or a bidirectional buck-boost circuit, which is not limited by the embodiment of the present application.
  • the controller 10 controls the balancing circuit 60 to be in a constant resistance working state, and also controls the step-down circuit 30 to be in a working state, balancing the discharge current of the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300, so that the second battery group 300 discharges to the system circuit 400 through the balancing circuit 60, and the voltage after the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300 are connected in series is stepped down by the step-down circuit 30 and discharged to the system circuit 400, and the emptying voltage can be reached at the same time, thereby reducing the voltage imbalance of the battery group and the performance differentiation phenomenon, and improving the service life of the battery group.
  • the load switch 20 does not work simultaneously with the balancing circuit 60 and the buck circuit 30.
  • the balancing circuit 60 and the buck circuit 30 are both in a non-working state; when the load switch 20 is disconnected, the buck circuit 30 is in a working state, such as the balancing control method corresponding to FIG. 1 above; when the load switch 20 is disconnected, the balancing circuit 60 and the buck circuit 30 are both in a working state, such as the balancing control method corresponding to FIG. 4 above.
  • the balancing control method corresponding to FIG. 4 can be applied to the discharge process alone, that is, FIG. 4 may not include the load switch 20.
  • the second control signal related to Figure 1 and the fifth control signal related to Figure 4 are signals of the same type with the same function, and both are drive signals for controlling the buck circuit 30 to be in a working state.
  • Figure 1 is an application scenario in which the buck circuit 30 is controlled to be in a working state when the load switch 20 is disconnected and the power difference is in a preset power range
  • Figure 4 is an application scenario in which the buck circuit 30 is controlled to be in a working state when the power difference is greater than the preset power range
  • the embodiments of the present application use the second control signal and the fifth control signal to describe different application scenarios respectively.
  • Figure 5 is an optional schematic diagram of an unequal capacity battery discharge path provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • a circuit includes both a charging process and a discharging process, so Figure 5 also shows a charging circuit 80 to maintain the integrity of the circuit.
  • the small capacity Bat1 represents the first battery pack 200
  • the large capacity Bat2 represents the second battery pack 300
  • the bidirectional LDO represents the equalizing circuit 60
  • the adapter output voltage Vin represents the charging voltage of the charging circuit 80
  • the system voltage Vsys represents the discharge voltage required by the system circuit 400.
  • the rated voltage of Bat1 the rated voltage of Bat2 and Vsys are all the same.
  • the voltage can be set to 4V
  • Vin can be set to 8V.
  • Figure 6 is an optional schematic diagram of a voltage discharge curve provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the current of the first battery pack 200 as Ibat1 the current of the second battery pack 300 as Ibat2
  • the voltage of the first battery pack 200 as Vbat1 the voltage of the second battery pack 300 as Vbat2
  • the battery capacity of the first battery pack 200 as Cap1 the battery capacity of the second battery pack 300 as Cap2
  • the equalization current as Ib the voltage of the first battery pack 200 and the second battery pack 300 during discharge, and the change over time are described.
  • Vbat1 Vbat2
  • the large and small capacity batteries discharge with the same current.
  • Ibat1/Ibat2 (Ibat2-Ib)/Ibat2>Cap1/Cap2
  • the voltage difference Vbat1-Vbat2 between the large and small capacity batteries continues to decrease (the voltage difference Vb2 at time t3 in Figure 6 is less than the voltage difference Vb1 at time t1), until it finally reaches 0, at which time the large and small capacity batteries are just discharged (i.e., the discharge voltage is reached).
  • FIG6 shows the change of the voltage of Bat1 and Bat2 over time during discharge.
  • the embodiment of the present application further provides a balancing control circuit of a battery pack, as shown in Figure 7, which is an optional schematic diagram of another balancing control circuit of a battery pack provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the balancing control circuit 100 of the battery pack also includes: a balancing circuit 60 and a current sampling circuit 70; the positive electrode of the first battery pack 200 is connected to the first end of the current sampling circuit 70 through the step-down circuit 30, the second end of the current sampling circuit 70 is connected to the first end of the balancing circuit 60, and the third end of the current sampling circuit 70 is connected to the third input end of the controller 10; the second end of the balancing circuit 60 is connected to the positive electrode of the second battery pack 300; the current sampling circuit 70 is configured to monitor the discharge balancing current of the balancing circuit 60 in real time during the discharge process of the first battery pack 200 and the second battery pack 300, and send the discharge balancing current to the controller 10; the controller 10 is also ...
  • the step-down circuit 30 sending a fifth control signal to the step-down circuit 30; and, when the power difference is greater than the preset power interval and the discharge voltage difference between the voltage of the first battery group 200 output by the first power meter 40 and the voltage of the second battery group 300 output by the second power meter 50 is equal to the first preset threshold, determining a sixth control signal according to the discharge balancing current, the current of the first battery group 200 and the current of the second battery group 300, and sending the sixth control signal to the balancing circuit 60;
  • the balancing circuit 60 is configured to adjust its own resistance in real time under the action of the sixth control signal to achieve a constant voltage working state to balance the discharge current of the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300, so that the second battery group 300 discharges to the system circuit 400 through the balancing circuit 60;
  • the step-down circuit 30 is also configured to be in a working state under the action of the fifth control signal, and discharge to the system circuit 400 after stepping down the voltage after the first battery group 200 and the second battery
  • the third output terminal of the controller 10 is connected to the third control terminal of the equalizing circuit 60, and is configured to send a driving signal to the equalizing circuit 60.
  • the power difference is greater than the preset power interval, it means that the remaining power of the second battery group 300 is much greater than or close to that of the first battery group 200, and the controller 10 controls the buck circuit 30 to be in a working state.
  • the controller 10 controls the equalizing circuit 60 to be in a working state, and during the discharge process, the discharge equalizing current is monitored in real time through the current sampling circuit 70, and the self-resistance of the equalizing circuit 60 is adjusted according to the discharge equalizing current, the current of the first battery group 200 and the current of the second battery group 300, so as to achieve real-time adjustment of the discharge equalizing current, so that the equalizing circuit 60 is in a constant voltage working state, where the constant voltage of the equalizing circuit 60 is equal to half of the first preset threshold, and the voltage reduction speed of the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300 is the same.
  • the second battery pack 300 discharges to the system circuit 400 through the balancing circuit 60 , and discharges to the system circuit 400 after being stepped down by the step-down circuit 30 in combination with the first battery pack 200 .
  • the first preset threshold can be appropriately set by a person skilled in the art according to the operating voltage of the balancing circuit 60, as long as the balancing circuit 60 can work normally.
  • the operating voltage of the bidirectional LDO is around tens of millivolts, for example, 50mv.
  • the controller 10 is further configured to send a seventh control signal to the balancing circuit 60 when the discharge voltage of the first battery pack 200 is equal to the first critical voltage; wherein the first critical voltage is greater than the empty voltage of the first battery pack 200; the balancing circuit 60 is further configured to adjust its own resistance again under the action of the seventh control signal, increase the discharge balancing current, and achieve the first battery pack 200 The discharge voltage of the second battery pack 300 is reached at the same time.
  • the discharge voltage of the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300 approaches the emptying voltage.
  • the voltage of the first battery group 200 is less than the voltage of the second battery group 300.
  • the controller 10 controls the resistance of the balancing circuit 60, increases the discharge balancing current, breaks the balance (the voltage reduction speed of the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300 is the same), so that the voltage reduction speed of the second battery group 300 is greater than that of the first battery group 200, so that both reach the emptying voltage at the same time (which can also be understood as being discharged at the same time).
  • the first critical voltage can be appropriately set by a person skilled in the art according to the discharge voltage, as long as it is close to the discharge voltage. Normally, the discharge voltage is not 0. Taking the discharge voltage as 1.3V as an example, the first critical voltage can be set to 1.5V, 1.7V, etc.
  • the load switch 20 does not work simultaneously with the balancing circuit 60 and the buck circuit 30.
  • the load switch 20 is disconnected, the buck circuit 30 is in working state, and then the balancing circuit 60 is in constant voltage working state, such as the balancing control method corresponding to FIG7.
  • the balancing control method corresponding to FIG7 can be applied to the discharge process alone, that is, FIG7 does not include the load switch 20.
  • the full charge voltage and the empty discharge voltage of the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300 are the same.
  • the load switch 20 is not involved, and the balancing circuit 60 and the buck circuit 30 realize the balanced discharge process.
  • the buck circuit 30 is in a working state under the action of the fifth control signal, and the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300 both start to decrease from the full charge voltage, and the voltage reduction rate of the first battery group 200 is greater than that of the second battery group 300.
  • the discharge balancing current of the balancing circuit 60 is monitored in real time by the current sampling circuit 70.
  • the discharge voltage difference increases with time until the discharge voltage difference is equal to the first preset threshold value.
  • the balancing circuit 60 is in a constant voltage working state (the balancing circuit 60 is equivalent to an adjustable resistor).
  • the resistance corresponding to the balancing circuit 60 is adjusted in real time, so that the balancing circuit 60 operates at a constant voltage (the constant voltage is half of the first preset threshold), the discharge current ratio is equal to the battery capacity ratio, and the voltage reduction speed of the first battery pack 200 and the second battery pack 300 is the same.
  • the resistance corresponding to the balancing circuit 60 is adjusted again, so that the discharge balancing current increases, the discharge current ratio is less than the battery capacity ratio, and the first battery pack 200 and the second battery pack 300 reach the emptying voltage at the same time, thereby reducing the phenomenon of voltage imbalance of the battery pack and improving the service life of the battery pack.
  • Figure 8 is an optional structural schematic diagram of a discharge balancing circuit 60 provided in the embodiment of the present application; in the circuit of Figure 8, the adapter is disconnected, the small capacity Bat1 represents the first battery pack 200, the large capacity Bat2 represents the second battery pack 300, the bidirectional LDO represents the balancing circuit 60, and the system current Isys represents the discharge current required by the system circuit 400.
  • FIG 8 two discharge paths are shown in the discharge balancing circuit 60, one is Bat2 discharging through the bidirectional LDO, and the other is the series voltage of Bat2 and Bat1, which is discharged after the circuit is stepped down.
  • Figure 8 also shows a controller 10, which is configured to receive the balancing current Ib flowing through the LDO, and send a drive signal (corresponding to the sixth control signal) to the LDO according to the balancing current Ib, so that the LDO works in the Vb constant voltage mode. Since the voltage drop rate of Bat1 is greater than that of Bat2 within a period of time at the beginning of discharge, after the LDO is turned on, the voltage drop rate of Bat1 tends to be equal to that of Bat2. Therefore, during the entire discharge process, the voltage Vbat1 of Bat1 is less than the voltage Vbat2 of Bat2, that is, Vbat1 ⁇ Vbat2.
  • the series dual batteries are stepped down by the step-down circuit 30 at a ratio of 2:1 to supply power to the system circuit 400.
  • the bidirectional LDO is turned off (i.e., not in operation), under the same discharge current, the voltage drop rate of Bat1 is greater than that of Bat2, and Vbat1 ⁇ Vbat2.
  • the bidirectional LDO is turned on to shunt, so that the discharge current of the small-capacity battery Bat1 is less than that of the large-capacity battery Bat2, thereby keeping the voltage difference between the large-capacity battery (i.e., Bat2 and Bat1) basically equal.
  • the logic of discharge balancing is the inverse process of charge balancing.
  • FIG9 is an optional schematic diagram of another voltage discharge curve provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the current of the first battery pack 200 as Ibat1 the current of the second battery pack 300 as Ibat2
  • the voltage of the first battery pack 200 as Vbat1 the voltage of the second battery pack 300 as Vbat2
  • the first preset threshold as Vth the first critical voltage as Vf
  • the battery capacity of the first battery pack 200 as Cap1 the battery capacity of the second battery pack 300 as Cap2
  • the equalization current as Ib as an example, the voltage of the first battery pack 200 and the second battery pack 300 during discharge, and the change over time are described.
  • Vth A very small voltage threshold Vth is set.
  • the battery capacity of the small-capacity battery Bat1 is Cap1.
  • the battery capacity of the large-capacity battery Bat2 is Cap2.
  • the system load current Isys Ibat2
  • the balancing current Ib flowing through the LDO Ibat2-Ibat1
  • the LDO works in a constant voltage state, which is equivalent to an adjustable resistor, and the voltage across the LDO remains unchanged at Vth/2.
  • the control method of the LDO constant voltage state is as follows: the balancing current Ib flowing through the LDO is monitored in real time through the current sampling circuit 70 (not shown in Figure 8), and the controller 10 controls the LDO drive signal (which can be understood as control logic) through a closed loop to achieve real-time adjustment of the balancing current Ib, so that the LDO works in a constant voltage mode.
  • a voltage threshold Vf close to the empty battery voltage (corresponding to the empty voltage) is set.
  • FIG9 shows the change of the voltage of Bat1 and Bat2 over time during discharge.
  • the discharge balancing method may include not only the method 1 shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 , but also the method 2 shown in FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 . It may also use strategies such as time-division multiplexing to simultaneously use method 1 and method 2 to form a new discharge method. It may also use strategies such as time-division multiplexing to simultaneously use the load switch 20 on and off, method 1 and method 2 to form a new discharge method. Time-division multiplexing refers to presetting the execution time of each method. In the same discharge process, it may not be a single discharge balancing method, but a combination of multiple methods. The actual time of using each method is controlled by the execution time. In actual applications, different methods cooperate with each other to complete the discharge process, and this embodiment of the present application is not limited to this.
  • the embodiment of the present application further provides a balancing control circuit of a battery pack, as shown in Figure 10, which is an optional schematic diagram of another balancing control circuit of a battery pack provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the balancing control circuit 100 of the battery pack also includes: a charging circuit 80 and a balancing circuit 60; the charging circuit 80 is connected to the positive electrode of the first battery pack 200; the positive electrode of the first battery pack 200 is connected to the first end of the balancing circuit 60 through the step-down circuit 30, and the second end of the balancing circuit 60 is connected to the positive electrode of the second battery pack 300; the charging circuit 80 is configured to charge the first battery pack 200 and the second battery group 300 are charged; the controller 10 is also configured to send an eighth control signal to the balancing circuit 60 and a ninth control signal to the buck circuit 30 when the charging circuit 80 starts to charge the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300; the balancing circuit 60 is configured to be in a constant resistance working state under the action of the eighth control signal to balance the charging current of the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300; the buck circuit 30 is also configured to be in a working state under the action of the ninth control signal to charge the second battery group 300 after stepping down the charging voltage of the charging
  • the third output terminal of the controller 10 is connected to the third control terminal of the equalization circuit 60, and is configured to send a driving signal to the equalization circuit 60.
  • the full charge voltage and the empty voltage of the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300 are the same.
  • the equalization circuit 60 and the buck circuit 30 to implement the equalization charging process as an example, when the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300 start to charge, the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300 both start to increase from the empty voltage, and the voltage increase rate of the first battery group 200 is greater than that of the second battery group 300; when the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300 start to charge, the equalization circuit 60 is in a constant resistance working state under the action of the eighth control signal (the equalization circuit 60 is equivalent to a constant resistor with a very small resistance value).
  • the charging equalization current of the equalization circuit 60 is proportional to the charging voltage difference between the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300.
  • the charging current ratio of the first battery group 200 to the second battery group 300 is greater than the battery capacity ratio, indicating that the charging current of the first battery group 200 is too large.
  • the charging voltage difference increases with time, and the charging balancing current increases accordingly, until the charging current ratio is equal to the battery capacity ratio, and the voltage increase speed of the first battery pack 200 and the second battery pack 300 is the same.
  • the total charging current will gradually decrease in different gears.
  • the charging current gear of the charging circuit 80 When the charging current gear of the charging circuit 80 is reduced, the charging current ratio is less than the battery capacity ratio, the charging voltage difference decreases with time, and the charging balancing current decreases accordingly, until the charging current ratio is equal to the battery capacity ratio; the charging current gear of the charging circuit 80 is reduced again, the charging voltage difference decreases again with time, and the charging balancing current decreases again, until the charging voltage difference and the charging balancing current are reduced to zero, so that the first battery pack 200 and the second battery pack 300 reach the full charging voltage at the same time, thereby reducing the voltage imbalance of the battery pack and improving the service life of the battery pack.
  • FIG11 is an optional schematic diagram of an unequal capacity battery charging path provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the small capacity Bat1 represents the first battery pack 200
  • the large capacity Bat2 represents the second battery pack 300
  • the bidirectional LDO represents the balancing circuit 60
  • the adapter output voltage Vin represents the charging voltage of the charging circuit 80
  • the system voltage Vsys represents the discharge voltage required by the system circuit 400.
  • the rated voltage of Bat1 and the rated voltage of Bat2 are The rated voltage and Vsys are the same, for example, the voltage can be set to 4 V, and correspondingly, Vin can be set to 8 V.
  • Figure 12 is an optional schematic diagram of a voltage charging curve provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the current of the first battery group 200 is Ibat1
  • the current of the second battery group 300 is Ibat2
  • the voltage of the first battery group 200 is Vbat1
  • the voltage of the second battery group 300 is Vbat2
  • the battery capacity of the first battery group 200 is Cap1
  • the battery capacity of the second battery group 300 is Cap2
  • the balancing current is Ib as an example
  • Vb (Vbat1-Vbat2)/2
  • Ibat1/Ibat2 (Ibat2-Ib)/Ibat2>Cap1/Cap2
  • the total charging current Ich will gradually decrease in different gears.
  • the gear is switched, the previous state of the voltage difference remaining unchanged is broken.
  • the reduced current Ibat1/Ibat2 (Ibat2-Ib)/Ibat2 ⁇ Cap1/Cap2
  • the voltage difference Vbat1-Vbat2 between the large and small capacity batteries continues to decrease (the voltage difference Vb2 at time t3 in Figure 12 is less than the voltage difference Vb1 at time t1), until it finally reaches 0, at which time Bat1 and Bat2 are just fully charged (i.e., reaching the full charge voltage).
  • FIG12 shows the change of the voltage of Bat1 and Bat2 over time during charging.
  • the embodiment of the present application further provides a balancing control circuit of a battery pack, as shown in Figure 13, which is an optional schematic diagram of another balancing control circuit of a battery pack provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the balancing control circuit 100 of the battery pack also includes: a charging circuit 80, a current sampling circuit 70 and a balancing circuit 60; the charging circuit 80 is connected to the positive electrode of the first battery pack 200; the positive electrode of the first battery pack 200 is connected to the first end of the current sampling circuit 70 through the step-down circuit 30, the second end of the current sampling circuit 70 is connected to the first end of the balancing circuit 60, and the third end of the current sampling circuit 70 is connected to the third input end of the controller 10; the second end of the balancing circuit 60 is connected to the positive electrode of the second battery pack 300; the current sampling circuit 70 is also configured to monitor the charging balancing current of the balancing circuit 60 in real time during the charging process of the charging circuit 80 to the first battery pack 200 and the second battery pack 300, and send the charging balancing current to the controller 10; the controller 10, is also configured to send an eighth control signal to the step-down circuit 30 when the charging circuit 80 starts charging the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300; and, when the charging voltage difference
  • the third output terminal of the controller 10 is connected to the third control terminal of the equalization circuit 60, and is configured to send a driving signal to the equalization circuit 60.
  • the controller 10 controls the equalization circuit 60 to be in a working state, and during the charging process, the current sampling circuit 70 monitors the charging equalization current in real time, and adjusts the resistance of the equalization circuit 60 according to the charging equalization current, the current of the first battery group 200 and the current of the second battery group 300, so as to achieve real-time adjustment of the charging equalization current, so that the equalization circuit 60 is in a constant voltage working state, where the constant voltage of the equalization circuit 60 is equal to half of the second preset threshold, and the voltage increase speed of the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300 is the same.
  • the charging circuit 80 charges the second battery group 300 through the step-down circuit 30 and the equalization circuit 60 on the one hand,
  • the second preset threshold can be appropriately set by a person skilled in the art according to the operating voltage of the balancing circuit 60, as long as the balancing circuit 60 can work normally.
  • the operating voltage of the bidirectional LDO is around tens of millivolts, for example, 50mv.
  • the controller 10 is further configured to, when the charging voltage of the first battery pack 200 reaches the second critical voltage, The balancing circuit 60 sends an eleventh control signal; wherein the second critical voltage is less than the full charge voltage of the first battery pack 200; the balancing circuit 60 is further configured to adjust its own resistance again under the action of the eleventh control signal, increase the charging balancing current, and achieve that the first battery pack 200 and the second battery pack 300 reach the full charge voltage at the same time.
  • the charging voltages of the first battery pack 200 and the second battery pack 300 approach the full charge voltage.
  • the voltage of the first battery pack 200 is greater than the voltage of the second battery pack 300.
  • the controller 10 controls the resistance of the equalization circuit 60, increases the charging equalization current, breaks the balance (the voltage increase speed of the first battery pack 200 and the second battery pack 300 is the same), so that the voltage increase speed of the second battery pack 300 is greater than that of the first battery pack 200, so that both reach the full charge voltage at the same time (which can also be understood as full charging at the same time).
  • the second critical voltage can be appropriately set by technical personnel in this field according to the full charge voltage, as long as it is close to the full charge voltage. Taking the full charge voltage as 4V as an example, the second critical voltage can be set to 3.8V, 3.9V, etc.
  • the full charge voltage and the empty voltage of the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300 are the same.
  • the balanced charging process implemented by the equalizing circuit 60 and the buck circuit 30 is taken as an example for explanation.
  • the charging current of the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300 is the same, and the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300 both start to increase from the empty voltage, and the voltage increase rate of the first battery group 200 is greater than that of the second battery group 300; during the charging process of the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300, the charging voltage difference increases with time until the charging voltage difference is equal to the second preset threshold value, and under the action of the tenth control signal, the equalizing circuit 60 is in a constant voltage working state (the equalizing circuit 60 is equivalent to an adjustable resistor).
  • the charging balancing current of the balancing circuit 60 is monitored in real time by the current sampling circuit 70, and the resistance corresponding to the balancing circuit 60 is adjusted in real time, so that the balancing circuit 60 operates at a constant voltage (the constant voltage is half of the second preset threshold value), the charging current ratio is equal to the battery capacity ratio, and the voltage increase speed of the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300 is the same; when the charging voltage of the first battery group 200 reaches the second critical voltage, the second critical voltage is less than the full charge voltage, and the resistance corresponding to the balancing circuit 60 is adjusted again, so that the charging balancing current increases, and the charging current ratio is less than the battery capacity ratio, so that the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300 reach the full charge voltage at the same time, thereby reducing the voltage imbalance of the battery group and improving the service life of the battery group.
  • the following describes the process in which the balancing circuit 60 and the buck circuit 30 cooperate with each other to achieve charging balancing.
  • FIG14 is an optional structural schematic diagram of a charging balancing circuit 60 provided in the embodiment of the present application; in FIG14 , the small capacity Bat1 represents the first battery pack 200, the large capacity Bat2 represents the second battery pack 300, the bidirectional LDO represents the balancing circuit 60, the adapter output voltage Vin represents the charging voltage of the charging circuit 80, and the system voltage Vsys represents the discharge voltage required by the system circuit 400.
  • the rated voltage of the first battery pack 200, the rated voltage of the second battery pack 300 and Vsys are all the same.
  • the voltage can be set to 4V, and correspondingly, Vin can be set to 8V.
  • the charging equalization circuit 60 shows two charging paths, one is charging Bat2 through the buck circuit 30 and the bidirectional LDO, and the other is directly charging Bat1 and Bat2.
  • FIG14 also shows a controller 10, which is configured to receive the equalization current Ib flowing through the LDO, and send a drive signal (corresponding to the tenth control signal) to the LDO according to the equalization current Ib, so that the LDO operates in the Vb constant voltage mode. Since the voltage rise rate of Bat1 is greater than that of Bat2 for a period of time after the start of charging, after the LDO is turned on, the voltage rise rate of Bat1 tends to be equal to that of Bat2. Therefore, during the entire charging process, the voltage Vbat1 of Bat1 is greater than the voltage Vbat2 of Bat2, that is, Vbat1>Vbat2.
  • the dual batteries of unequal capacity are charged in series through the charging circuit 80.
  • the bidirectional LDO is turned off (i.e., not working), under the same charging current, the voltage rise rate of the small-capacity battery Bat1 is greater than that of the large-capacity battery Bat2, then Vbat1>Vbat2.
  • the bidirectional LDO is turned on to shunt, so that the charging current of the small-capacity battery Bat1 is less than that of the large-capacity battery Bat2, so that the voltages of the large and small-capacity batteries (i.e., Bat2 and Bat1) remain basically equal.
  • the logical idea of charging balance is the inverse process of discharge balance.
  • a very small voltage threshold Vth is set.
  • the value of Vth can be determined according to the working voltage of the bidirectional LDO. Normally, the voltage of the bidirectional LDO is small when it is working. Therefore, Vth needs to be set to a small voltage, for example, 50mV.
  • the battery capacity of the small-capacity battery Bat1 is Cap1
  • the battery capacity of the large-capacity battery Bat2 is Cap2.
  • the embodiment of the present application further provides a terminal device, as shown in Figure 16, which is an optional structural schematic diagram of the terminal device proposed in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the terminal device 1000 proposed in the embodiment of the present application includes: a first battery pack 200 and a second battery pack 300 connected in series, and a battery pack balancing control circuit 100 described in any of the above embodiments, wherein the first battery pack 200 is smaller than the battery capacity of the second battery pack 300, the full charge voltage and the discharge voltage of the first battery pack 200 and the second battery pack 300 are the same, the first battery pack 200 belongs to the first battery cell system, and the second battery pack 300 belongs to the second battery cell system; the first end of the load switch 20 in the battery pack balancing control circuit 100 is connected between the first battery pack 200 and the second battery pack 300, and the positive electrode of the first battery pack 200 is connected to the positive electrode of the battery pack 200 through the battery pack balancing control circuit 100
  • the buck circuit 30 is connected to the second end
  • the first battery pack 200 adopts the A system battery (corresponding to the first battery system)
  • the second battery pack 300 adopts the B system battery (corresponding to the second battery system).
  • the low-temperature discharge performance of the terminal device 1000 is between the weakest warm discharge performance and the strongest low-temperature discharge performance of the A system battery and the B system battery; the energy density of the terminal device 1000 is between the lowest energy density and the highest energy density of the A system battery and the B system battery.
  • the load switch 20 When the power difference is in the preset power range, the load switch 20 is turned off, and the second battery pack 300 is disconnected from the system circuit 400; and the buck circuit 30 is controlled to be in a working state; after the first battery pack 200 and the second battery pack 300 are connected in series, the voltage is stepped down by the buck circuit 30 and then discharged to the system circuit 400, thereby completing the entire discharge process.
  • the load switch 20 only plays a switching role, and there are no other components, and the circuit energy loss is less.
  • the on/off timing of the load switch 20 is determined according to the remaining power.
  • the A system battery cells may include: silicon negative electrode system battery cells, graphite negative electrode system battery cells and lithium metal system battery cells, and the rate systems of the A system battery cells include: 0.5C, 0.7C, 0.9C, 1C, 1.5C, 2C, 2.5C, 3C, 3.5C, 4C, 4.5C, 5C, 5.5C, 6C, 6.5C, 7C, 7.5C, 8C, 8.5C, 9C, 9.5C, 10C, 10.5C, 11C, 11.5C, 12C, 12.5C, 13C, 13.5C, 14C, 14.5C, and 15C.
  • the B-system battery cells may include: silicon negative electrode system battery cells, graphite negative electrode system battery cells, and lithium metal system battery cells.
  • the rate systems of the B-system battery cells include: 0.5C, 0.7C, 0.9C, 1C, 1.5C, 2C, 2.5C, 3C, 3.5C, 4C, 4.5C, 5C, 5.5C, 6C, 6.5C, 7C, 7.5C, 8C, 8.5C, 9C, 9.5C, 10C, 10.5C, 11C, 11.5C, 12C, 12.5C, 13C, 13.5C, 14C, 14.5C, and 15C.
  • the first battery pack 200 and the second battery pack 300 use a combination of different systems of the A-system battery cells and the B-system battery cells.
  • the rate C indicates the battery charge/discharge capacity rate.
  • the rate C is proportional to the charge/discharge current.
  • the charge/discharge rate charge/discharge current/rated capacity. The larger the charge/discharge current
  • energy density refers to the amount of energy stored in a certain unit of space or mass.
  • the energy density of a battery is the amount of electrical energy released per unit volume or mass of the battery.
  • the discharge capacity of a battery is affected by low temperature conditions.
  • the low-temperature discharge capacity characterizes the performance of the battery when used in an environment with a specified temperature (for example, below 0°C, or -20°C or -30°C). The lower the temperature, the weaker the discharge capacity.
  • the low-temperature discharge capacity can be measured by the following method: after the battery is fully charged at room temperature, the ratio of the capacity that can be discharged at the specified current to the termination voltage in an environment with a specified temperature to the capacity released at room temperature.
  • the equalization control circuit 100 of the battery pack in the terminal device 1000 can not only realize the equalization discharge process, but also realize the equalization charging process.
  • Figure 17 is an optional structural schematic diagram of an unequal capacity battery charge/discharge equalization circuit in a terminal device provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the small capacity Bat1 represents the first battery pack 200
  • the large capacity Bat2 represents the second battery pack 300
  • the bidirectional LDO represents the equalization circuit 60
  • the adapter output voltage Vin represents the charging voltage of the charging circuit 80
  • the system voltage Vsys represents the discharge voltage required by the system circuit 400.
  • This solution uses two single-cell batteries with unequal capacities, the small capacity battery is placed at the high end, the large capacity battery is placed at the low end, and the negative electrode of the small capacity battery is connected to the positive electrode of the large capacity battery.
  • the dual batteries are charged in series through the charging circuit 80, and the small-capacity battery charges the large-capacity battery evenly through the buck circuit 30 and the bidirectional LDO, thereby ensuring that the large and small batteries are fully charged at the same time;
  • the adapter is disconnected, the dual batteries in series are powered by the buck circuit 30 at a 2:1 step-down to supply power to the system, and the large-capacity battery charges the small-capacity battery evenly through the buck circuit 30 and the bidirectional LDO, thereby ensuring that the large and small batteries are discharged at the same time.
  • the load switch 20 is not shown in FIG. 17.
  • the bidirectional LDO and the buck circuit 30 in FIG. 17 can achieve current balancing during the charging and discharging process.
  • FIG. 4-FIG. 15 please refer to FIG. 4-FIG. 15 above, which will not be described in detail here.
  • a load switch 20 can also be added to FIG. 17, and the current balancing during charging and discharging can be achieved by turning on and off the load switch 20 and the bidirectional LDO and the buck circuit 30.
  • FIG. 1-FIG. 3 which will not be described in detail here.
  • the battery pack balancing control circuit 100 provided in the embodiment of the present application can maximize the use of the structural space of a terminal device with a folding screen or a special-shaped battery compartment, increase the battery capacity of the terminal device, and thus improve the endurance of the terminal device.
  • the proposed active balancing architecture for charging and discharging series batteries with different capacities can meet the structural space requirements of mobile phones with folding screens or special-shaped battery compartments, thereby improving the flexibility of terminal device design.
  • the first battery cell system is a graphite negative electrode system
  • the second battery cell system is a silicon negative electrode system
  • the shapes of the first battery pack 200 and the second battery pack 300 may also be different, and both may be special-shaped batteries.
  • the battery capacities of the first battery pack 200 and the second battery pack 300 are different, and the battery cell systems they belong to are also different.
  • the first battery pack 200 adopts a 5C graphite negative electrode system battery cell with a battery capacity of 2000mAh
  • the second battery pack 300 adopts a 5C silicon negative electrode system battery cell with a battery capacity of 2800mAh.
  • this hybrid series connection method has better low-temperature discharge performance than the solution in which both the first battery pack 200 and the second battery pack 300 adopt the silicon negative electrode system battery cell. Since the silicon negative electrode has a higher energy density than the graphite negative electrode, this hybrid series connection method has a higher energy density than the solution in which both the first battery pack 200 and the second battery pack 300 adopt the graphite negative electrode system battery cell.
  • the silicon negative electrode has a higher energy density than the graphite negative electrode
  • this hybrid series connection method has a higher energy density than the solution in which both the first battery pack 200 and the second battery pack 300 adopt the graphite negative electrode system battery cell.
  • the large-capacity battery i.e., the second battery pack 300
  • the small-capacity battery i.e., the first battery pack 200
  • adopts a graphite negative electrode system The silicon negative electrode system has a higher energy density than the graphite negative electrode system, but has poor low-temperature performance.
  • this hybrid method can effectively improve the energy density of the combined battery.
  • the dual-cell series connection scheme in which both batteries adopt the silicon negative electrode system the low-temperature discharge performance of the combined battery is improved.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a battery pack balancing control method, which is applied to the battery pack balancing control circuit 100 described in any of the above embodiments, as shown in FIG18 , which is an optional step flow chart of a battery pack balancing control method provided by the embodiment of the present application, and the battery pack balancing control method includes the following steps:
  • the battery pack balancing control method further includes the following steps: when the power difference is within a preset power interval, under the action of a third control signal, the load switch changes from closed to open.
  • the balancing control method of the battery pack includes: during the discharge process of the first battery pack and the second battery pack, when the difference between the remaining power of the second battery pack and the remaining power of the first battery pack is greater than a preset power range, the load switch is closed under the action of the first control signal, and the second battery pack is connected to the system circuit, so that the second battery pack discharges separately to the system circuit; wherein the second battery pack is connected in series with the first battery pack, and the battery capacity of the first battery pack is smaller than the battery capacity of the second battery pack.
  • the second battery pack directly discharges to the system circuit through the load switch, that is, the large-capacity battery pack is discharged separately, and the load switch only serves to The on-off function has no other components, and the circuit energy loss is relatively low.
  • the load switch When the power difference is in the preset power range, under the action of the third control signal, the load switch changes from closed to open, so that the second battery pack is disconnected from the system circuit; and, under the action of the second control signal, the step-down circuit is in a working state; the voltage of the first battery pack and the second battery pack connected in series is stepped down by the step-down circuit and then discharged to the system circuit.
  • the load switch When the difference in the remaining power between the two is in the preset power range, the load switch is turned off, and the step-down circuit in the working state is used to step down the voltage and then supply power, thereby completing the entire discharge process.
  • the discharge loss is reduced and the endurance of the terminal equipment is improved.
  • the remaining power in the above S101 can be obtained in the following manner: determining the remaining power of the first battery group according to the battery capacity of the first battery group, the discharge current of the first battery group, and the first discharge time; determining the remaining power of the second battery group according to the battery capacity of the second battery group, the discharge current of the second battery group, and the second discharge time.
  • the battery pack balancing control method may further include the following steps: When the power difference is greater than a preset power range, the balancing circuit is in a constant resistance working state under the action of a fourth control signal to balance the discharge current of the first battery pack and the second battery pack, so that the second battery pack discharges to the system circuit through the balancing circuit; and the step-down circuit is in a working state under the action of a fifth control signal to step down the voltage after the first battery pack and the second battery pack are connected in series and then discharge to the system circuit.
  • the battery pack balancing control method may further include the following steps. During the discharge process of the first battery pack and the second battery pack, the discharge balancing current of the balancing circuit is monitored in real time; when the power difference is greater than the preset power range, and the discharge voltage difference between the voltage of the first battery pack and the voltage of the second battery pack is equal to the first preset threshold, a sixth control signal is determined according to the discharge balancing current, the current of the first battery pack and the current of the second battery pack; under the action of the sixth control signal, the resistance corresponding to the balancing circuit is adjusted in real time, so that the balancing circuit is in a constant voltage working state, so as to balance the discharge current of the first battery pack and the second battery pack, so that the second battery pack discharges to the system circuit through the balancing circuit; when the power difference is greater than the preset power range, the step-down circuit is in a working state under the action of the fifth control signal, and the voltage after the first battery pack and the second battery pack are connected
  • the resistance corresponding to the balancing circuit is adjusted again to increase the discharge balancing current so that the first battery group and the second battery group reach the discharge voltage at the same time; wherein the first critical voltage is greater than the discharge voltage of the first battery group.
  • the battery pack balancing control method further includes a charging process, and the charging process includes the following steps: When the charging circuit starts to charge the first battery pack and the second battery pack, the balancing circuit is in a constant resistance working state under the action of the eighth control signal to balance the charging current of the first battery pack and the second battery pack; under the action of the ninth control signal, the step-down circuit is in a working state, and the charging voltage of the charging circuit is stepped down before charging the second battery pack.
  • the battery pack balancing control method also includes a charging process, and the charging process includes the following steps.
  • the charging balancing current of the balancing circuit is monitored in real time; when the charging voltage difference between the voltage of the first battery pack and the voltage of the second battery pack is equal to the second preset threshold, the tenth control signal is determined according to the charging balancing current, the current of the first battery pack and the current of the second battery pack; under the action of the tenth control signal, the resistance corresponding to the balancing circuit is adjusted in real time, so that the balancing circuit is in a constant voltage working state to balance the charging current of the first battery pack and the second battery pack; under the action of the ninth control signal, the step-down circuit is in a working state, and the charging voltage of the charging circuit is stepped down before charging the second battery pack.
  • the resistance corresponding to the balancing circuit is adjusted again to increase the charging balancing current, so that the first battery group and the second battery group can reach the full charging voltage at the same time; wherein the second critical voltage is less than the full charging voltage of the first battery group.
  • the battery pack balancing control method provided in the embodiment of the present application can be executed by the battery pack balancing control circuit described in any of the above embodiments.
  • the battery pack balancing control method provided in the above embodiments and the battery pack balancing control circuit embodiment belong to the same concept.
  • the specific implementation process and beneficial effects thereof are detailed in the circuit embodiment, which will not be described in detail here.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program for implementing the battery pack balancing control method as described in any of the above embodiments when executed by a processor.
  • program instructions corresponding to a battery pack balancing control method in an embodiment of the present application may be stored on a storage medium such as a CD, a hard disk, or a USB flash drive.
  • a storage medium such as a CD, a hard disk, or a USB flash drive.
  • the embodiments of the present application may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present application may adopt the form of hardware embodiments, software embodiments, or embodiments in combination with software and hardware. Moreover, the present application may adopt the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage and optical storage, etc.) that contain computer-usable program code.
  • a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage and optical storage, etc.) that contain computer-usable program code.
  • These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce a manufactured product including an instruction device that implements the functions specified in implementing one or more processes in the flowchart and/or one or more boxes in the block diagram.
  • These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operational steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, whereby the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable device provide steps for implementing the functions specified in one or more processes in the flowchart and/or one or more boxes in the block diagram.
  • the embodiment of the present application discloses a battery pack balancing control circuit, method and terminal device. It includes: a controller, a load switch and a buck circuit; the first end of the load switch is connected between the first battery pack and the second battery pack connected in series, the second end of the load switch is connected to the system circuit, and the first battery pack is connected to the second end of the load switch through the buck circuit; during the discharge process, when the difference between the remaining power of the first battery pack and the remaining power of the second battery pack is greater than the preset power interval, the controller sends a first control signal to the load switch; the load switch is closed, and the second battery pack is discharged to the system circuit alone; when the power difference is in the preset power interval, the controller sends a second control signal to the buck circuit; the buck circuit is in a working state, and the voltage of the first battery pack and the second battery pack connected in series is reduced and then discharged to the system circuit.
  • the second battery pack is controlled to discharge directly to the system circuit through the load switch, that is, the large-capacity battery pack is discharged alone, and when the difference between the remaining power of the two is in the preset power interval, the load switch is disconnected, and the buck circuit in the working state is used to reduce the voltage and then supply power, thereby completing the entire discharge process.
  • the load switch only plays a switching role, and there are no other components. The circuit energy loss is less. Compared with the balanced discharge method through the balancing circuit and the step-down circuit, the discharge loss is reduced and the endurance of the terminal equipment is improved.

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Abstract

Disclosed in the embodiments of the present application are an equalization control circuit and method for a battery pack, and a terminal device. The equalization control circuit comprises a controller, a load switch and a step-down circuit, wherein a first end of the load switch is connected between a first battery pack and a second battery pack, which are connected in series; a second end of the load switch is connected to a system circuit; and the first battery pack is connected to the second end of the load switch by means of the step-down circuit. During discharging, when the quantity-of-electricity difference between the quantity of remaining electricity of the first battery pack and the quantity of remaining electricity of the second battery pack exceeds a preset quantity-of-electricity interval, the controller sends a first control signal to the load switch, the load switch is closed, and the second battery pack separately discharges to the system circuit; and when the quantity-of-electricity difference is located within the preset quantity-of-electricity interval, the controller sends a second control signal to the step-down circuit, and the step-down circuit is in an operating state, and decreases the voltage after the first battery pack and the second battery pack are connected in series and then discharges to the system circuit.

Description

电池组的均衡控制电路、方法和终端设备Battery pack balancing control circuit, method and terminal device
相关申请的交叉引用CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
本申请基于申请号为202211583178.4、申请日为2022年12月09日的中国专利申请提出，并要求该中国专利申请的优先权，该中国专利申请的全部内容在此引入本公开作为参考。This application is based on the Chinese patent application with application number 202211583178.4 and application date December 9, 2022, and claims the priority of the Chinese patent application. The entire content of the Chinese patent application is hereby introduced into this disclosure as a reference.
技术领域Technical Field
本申请涉及电路技术领域，尤其涉及一种电池组的均衡控制电路、方法和终端设备。The present application relates to the field of circuit technology, and in particular to a battery pack balancing control circuit, method and terminal device.
背景技术Background technique
随着科技的发展，终端设备所承载的功能越来越多，对应的功耗也相应增加，需要的电池容量越来越大。考虑到终端设备的续航能力，为满足智能终端的电池容量，通常需要两个电池(或多个电池)串联或者并联使用。对于两个不等容电池串联的电池组，串联电池中容量最弱的会决定整个电池组的容量。随着使用时间的增长，在不断的充电和放电过程中，由于每个电池的内阻和其他特性不同，会导致两个电池电压不均衡，两个电池的性能会出现差异化，降低电池使用寿命以及整个电池组的容量。With the development of science and technology, terminal devices are carrying more and more functions, and the corresponding power consumption is also increasing accordingly, requiring larger and larger battery capacity. Considering the endurance of terminal devices, in order to meet the battery capacity of smart terminals, two batteries (or more batteries) are usually required to be used in series or in parallel. For a battery pack with two batteries of unequal capacity connected in series, the weakest capacity of the series battery will determine the capacity of the entire battery pack. As the use time increases, during the continuous charging and discharging process, due to the different internal resistance and other characteristics of each battery, the voltage of the two batteries will be unbalanced, and the performance of the two batteries will be differentiated, reducing the battery life and the capacity of the entire battery pack.
相关技术中，通常采用电池均衡方法对整个电池组的充电电流和放电电流进行均衡，以使电池组中两个电池的电池容量能够同时充满或放空，提高电池使用寿命。In the related art, a battery balancing method is usually used to balance the charging current and discharging current of the entire battery pack, so that the battery capacities of two batteries in the battery pack can be fully charged or discharged at the same time, thereby improving the battery life.
然而，对于放电过程，通过相关技术中电池均衡方法控制整个电池组的放电过程，需要通过各种元器件之间的配合，元器件本身具有损耗，在实现均衡放电的过程中，放电损耗较高。However, for the discharge process, controlling the discharge process of the entire battery pack through the battery balancing method in the related art requires the coordination between various components. The components themselves have losses, and in the process of achieving balanced discharge, the discharge loss is high.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本申请实施例提供一种电池组的均衡控制电路、方法和终端设备，降低了放电损耗。The embodiments of the present application provide a battery pack balancing control circuit, method and terminal device, which reduce discharge loss.
本申请实施例的技术方案是这样实现的：The technical solution of the embodiment of the present application is implemented as follows:
第一方面，本申请实施例提供一种电池组的均衡控制电路，所述电池组的均衡控制电路包括：控制器、负载开关和降压电路；所述电池组包括串联连接的第一电池组和第二电池组，所述第一电池组的电池容量小于所述第二电池组的电池容量；In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a balancing control circuit of a battery pack, the balancing control circuit of the battery pack comprising: a controller, a load switch and a buck circuit; the battery pack comprises a first battery pack and a second battery pack connected in series, the battery capacity of the first battery pack is smaller than the battery capacity of the second battery pack;
所述负载开关的第一端连接于所述第一电池组与所述第二电池组之间，所述负载开关的第二端与***电路连接，所述第一电池组通过所述降压电路与所述负载开关的第二端连接；所述控制器，被配置为在所述第一电池组和所述第二电池组放电过程中，当获取的所述第二电池组的剩余电量和获取的所述第一电池组的剩余电量之间的电量差大于预设电量区间时，向所述负载开关发送第一控制信号；所述负载开关，被配置为在所述第一控制信号的作用下闭合，使得所述第二电池组向所述***电路单独放电；所述控制器，还被配置为当所述电量差位于所述预设电量区间时，向所述降压电路发送第二控制信号；所述降压电路，被配置为在所述第二控制信号的作用下处于工作状态，对所述第一电池组和所述第二电池组串联后的电压进行降压后向所述***电路放电。The first end of the load switch is connected between the first battery group and the second battery group, the second end of the load switch is connected to the system circuit, and the first battery group is connected to the second end of the load switch through the step-down circuit; the controller is configured to send a first control signal to the load switch when the difference between the remaining power of the second battery group obtained and the remaining power of the first battery group obtained is greater than a preset power range during the discharge process of the first battery group and the second battery group; the load switch is configured to close under the action of the first control signal so that the second battery group discharges separately to the system circuit; the controller is also configured to send a second control signal to the step-down circuit when the power difference is within the preset power range; the step-down circuit is configured to be in a working state under the action of the second control signal, and to step down the voltage after the first battery group and the second battery group are connected in series and then discharge to the system circuit.
第二方面，本申请实施例提供一种终端设备，所述终端设备包括：串联连接的第一电池组和第二电池组，以及如第一方面所述的电池组的均衡控制电路；其中，所述第一电池组的电池容量小于所述第二电池组的电池容量，所述第一电池组与所述第二电池组的满充电压和放空电压均相同，所述第一电池组属于第一电芯体系，所述第二电池组属于第二电芯体系；所述电池组的均衡控制电路中所述负载开关的第一端连接于所述第一电池组与所述第二电池组之间，所述第一电池组的正极通过所述电池组的均衡控制电路中降压电路与所述负载开关的第二端连接；所述电池组的均衡控制电路，被配置为在所述第一电池组和所述第二电池组放电过程中，当所述第二电池组的剩余电量和所述第一电池组的剩余电量之间的电量差大于预设电量区间时，在第一控制信号的作用下闭合所述负载开关，所述第二电池组与***电路导通；所述第二电池组，被配置为向所述***电路单独放电；所述电池组的均衡控制电路，还被配置为当所述电量差位于所述预设电量区间时，在所述第二控制信号的作用下所述降压电路处于工作状态；所 述第一电池组和所述第二电池组，被配置为通过所述降压电路进行降压后向所述***电路放电。In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a terminal device, the terminal device comprising: a first battery group and a second battery group connected in series, and a balancing control circuit for the battery group as described in the first aspect; wherein the battery capacity of the first battery group is smaller than the battery capacity of the second battery group, the full charge voltage and the empty discharge voltage of the first battery group and the second battery group are the same, the first battery group belongs to a first battery cell system, and the second battery group belongs to a second battery cell system; the first end of the load switch in the balancing control circuit of the battery group is connected between the first battery group and the second battery group, and the positive electrode of the first battery group is connected to the second end of the load switch through a step-down circuit in the balancing control circuit of the battery group; the balancing control circuit of the battery group is configured to close the load switch under the action of a first control signal during the discharge process of the first battery group and the second battery group when the power difference between the remaining power of the second battery group and the remaining power of the first battery group is greater than a preset power range, so that the second battery group is connected to the system circuit; the second battery group is configured to discharge to the system circuit alone; the balancing control circuit of the battery group is also configured to be in a working state under the action of the second control signal when the power difference is within the preset power range; The first battery pack and the second battery pack are configured to discharge to the system circuit after being stepped down by the step-down circuit.
第三方面，本申请实施例提供一种电池组的均衡控制方法，所述方法包括：在第一电池组和第二电池组放电过程中，当获取的所述第二电池组的剩余电量和获取的所述第一电池组的剩余电量之间的电量差大于预设电量区间时，在第一控制信号的作用下闭合负载开关，使得所述第二电池组向所述***电路单独放电；其中，所述第二电池组与所述第一电池组串联连接，所述第一电池组的电池容量小于所述第二电池组的电池容量；当所述电量差位于所述预设电量区间时，在第二控制信号的作用下降压电路处于工作状态；通过所述降压电路对所述第一电池组和所述第二电池组串联后的电压进行降压后向所述***电路放电。In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a battery pack balancing control method, the method comprising: during the discharge process of a first battery pack and a second battery pack, when the power difference between the acquired remaining power of the second battery pack and the acquired remaining power of the first battery pack is greater than a preset power range, closing the load switch under the action of a first control signal, so that the second battery pack discharges separately to the system circuit; wherein, the second battery pack is connected in series with the first battery pack, and the battery capacity of the first battery pack is smaller than the battery capacity of the second battery pack; when the power difference is within the preset power range, the step-down circuit is in working state under the action of the second control signal; and the voltage of the first battery pack and the second battery pack connected in series is stepped down by the step-down circuit and then discharged to the system circuit.
本申请实施例提供了一种电池组的均衡控制电路、方法和终端设备。根据本申请实施例提供的方案，该电池组的均衡控制电路包括：电池组的均衡控制电路包括：控制器、负载开关和降压电路；电池组包括串联连接的第一电池组和第二电池组，第一电池组的电池容量小于第二电池组的电池容量；负载开关的第一端连接于第一电池组与第二电池组之间，负载开关的第二端与***电路连接，第一电池组通过降压电路与负载开关的第二端连接，在原有电路的基础上，增加负载开关，无需改变原有电路的其他结构，提高了电路复用性。控制器，被配置为在第一电池组和第二电池组放电过程中，当获取的第二电池组的剩余电量和获取的第一电池组的剩余电量之间的电量差大于预设电量区间时，向负载开关发送第一控制信号；负载开关，被配置为在第一控制信号的作用下闭合，实现第二电池组与***电路导通，使得第二电池组向***电路单独放电；控制器，还被配置为当电量差位于预设电量区间时，向降压电路发送第二控制信号；降压电路，被配置为在第二控制信号的作用下处于工作状态，对第一电池组和第二电池组串联后的电压进行降压后向***电路放电。在开始放电或放电过程中，在第二电池组和第一电池组两者剩余电量相差大于预设电量区间时，控制第二电池组直接通过负载开关向***电路放电，也就是将大容量的电池组进行单独放电，并在两者剩余电量相差在预设电量区间时，断开负载开关，通过处于工作状态的降压电路进行降压后供电，从而完成整个放电过程。负载开关仅起到通断作用，没有其他元器件，电路能量损耗较少，相较于通过均衡电路和降压电路的均衡放电方式，降低了放电损耗，提高了终端设备的续航能力。The embodiment of the present application provides a battery pack balancing control circuit, method and terminal device. According to the solution provided in the embodiment of the present application, the balancing control circuit of the battery pack includes: the balancing control circuit of the battery pack includes: a controller, a load switch and a buck circuit; the battery pack includes a first battery pack and a second battery pack connected in series, and the battery capacity of the first battery pack is less than the battery capacity of the second battery pack; the first end of the load switch is connected between the first battery pack and the second battery pack, the second end of the load switch is connected to the system circuit, and the first battery pack is connected to the second end of the load switch through the buck circuit. On the basis of the original circuit, the load switch is added without changing other structures of the original circuit, thereby improving the circuit reusability. The controller is configured to send a first control signal to the load switch when the difference between the remaining power of the second battery group and the remaining power of the first battery group is greater than a preset power range during the discharge process of the first battery group and the second battery group; the load switch is configured to close under the action of the first control signal to achieve conduction between the second battery group and the system circuit, so that the second battery group discharges to the system circuit alone; the controller is also configured to send a second control signal to the buck circuit when the power difference is within the preset power range; the buck circuit is configured to be in a working state under the action of the second control signal, and discharge the voltage after the first battery group and the second battery group are connected in series to the system circuit after the voltage is reduced. At the beginning of discharge or during discharge, when the difference between the remaining power of the second battery group and the first battery group is greater than the preset power range, the second battery group is controlled to discharge directly to the system circuit through the load switch, that is, the large-capacity battery group is discharged alone, and when the difference between the remaining power of the two is within the preset power range, the load switch is disconnected, and the buck circuit in the working state is used to reduce the voltage and then supply power, thereby completing the entire discharge process. The load switch only plays a switching role, and there are no other components. The circuit energy loss is less. Compared with the balanced discharge method through the balancing circuit and the step-down circuit, the discharge loss is reduced and the endurance of the terminal equipment is improved.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图1为本申请实施例提供的一种电池组的均衡控制电路的可选的示意图；FIG1 is an optional schematic diagram of a balancing control circuit of a battery pack provided in an embodiment of the present application;
图2为本申请实施例提供的另一种电池组的均衡控制电路的可选的示意图；FIG2 is an optional schematic diagram of another battery pack balancing control circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application;
图3为本申请实施例提供的一种不等容电池放电均衡路径的可选的示意图；FIG3 is an optional schematic diagram of a discharge equalization path for batteries of unequal capacity provided in an embodiment of the present application;
图4为本申请实施例提供的再一种电池组的均衡控制电路的可选的示意图；FIG4 is an optional schematic diagram of another battery pack balancing control circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application;
图5为本申请实施例提供的一种不等容电池放电路径的可选的示意图；FIG5 is an optional schematic diagram of a discharge path of batteries of unequal capacity provided in an embodiment of the present application;
图6为本申请实施例提供的一种电压放电曲线的可选的示意图；FIG6 is an optional schematic diagram of a voltage discharge curve provided in an embodiment of the present application;
图7为本申请实施例提供的又一种电池组的均衡控制电路的可选的示意图；FIG7 is an optional schematic diagram of another battery pack balancing control circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application;
图8为本申请实施例提供的一种放电均衡电路的可选的结构示意图；FIG8 is a schematic diagram of an optional structure of a discharge equalization circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application;
图9为本申请实施例提供的另一种电压放电曲线的可选的示意图；FIG9 is an optional schematic diagram of another voltage discharge curve provided in an embodiment of the present application;
图10为本申请实施例提供的又一种电池组的均衡控制电路的可选的示意图；FIG10 is an optional schematic diagram of another battery pack balancing control circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application;
图11为本申请实施例提供的一种不等容电池充电路径的可选的示意图；FIG11 is an optional schematic diagram of a charging path for batteries of unequal capacity provided in an embodiment of the present application;
图12为本申请实施例提供的一种电压充电曲线的可选的示意图；FIG12 is an optional schematic diagram of a voltage charging curve provided in an embodiment of the present application;
图13为本申请实施例提供的又一种电池组的均衡控制电路的可选的示意图；FIG13 is an optional schematic diagram of another battery pack balancing control circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application;
图14为本申请实施例提供的一种充电均衡电路的可选的结构示意图；FIG14 is a schematic diagram of an optional structure of a charging equalization circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application;
图15为本申请实施例提供的另一种电压充电曲线的可选的示意图；FIG15 is an optional schematic diagram of another voltage charging curve provided in an embodiment of the present application;
图16为本申请实施例提供的一种终端设备的可选的结构示意图；FIG16 is a schematic diagram of an optional structure of a terminal device provided in an embodiment of the present application;
图17为本申请实施例提供的一种终端设备中的不等容电池充/放电均衡电路的可选的结构示意图；FIG17 is a schematic diagram of an optional structure of a charge/discharge balancing circuit for batteries of different capacities in a terminal device provided in an embodiment of the present application;
图18为本申请实施例提供的一种电池组的均衡控制方法的可选的步骤流程图。FIG. 18 is a flowchart of optional steps of a method for controlling a battery pack balance according to an embodiment of the present application.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。应当理解的是，此处所描述的一些实施例仅用以解释本申请的技术方案，并不用于限定本申请的技术范围。The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that some embodiments described here are only used to explain the technical solutions of the present application and are not used to limit the technical scope of the present application.
在以下的描述中，所涉及的术语“第一\第二\第三”仅是为了区别类似的对象，不代表针对对象的 特定排序，可以理解地，“第一\第二\第三”在允许的情况下可以互换特定的顺序或先后次序，以使这里描述的本申请实施例能够以除了在这里图示或描述的以外的顺序实施。In the following description, the terms "first, second, and third" are only used to distinguish similar objects and do not represent the same object. Specific order, it can be understood that "first\second\third" can be interchanged in a specific order or sequence where permitted, so that the embodiments of the present application described herein can be implemented in an order other than that illustrated or described herein.
为了更好地理解本申请实施例中提供的电池组的均衡控制电路，在对本申请实施例的技术方案进行介绍之前，先对应用背景和相关技术进行说明。In order to better understand the balancing control circuit of the battery pack provided in the embodiment of the present application, before introducing the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the application background and related technologies are first explained.
相关技术中包括以下两种技术方案：异型等容电池串联和异型不等容电池并联。通常情况下，直板手机、平板等终端设备使用的电池一般采用同体系双电芯串联，要求两个电芯的尺寸、容量等参数相同，从而保证两个电芯充/放电均衡，因此，电池形状基本上是中心对称的，限制了终端设备的结构堆叠。而具有折叠形态的终端设备一般需要内置两个单电芯电池，例如，折叠屏手机，由于主副屏体积差异，一般两个单电芯电池的体积不同，电池容量也不同。具有折叠形态的终端设备可以采用异型等容电池串联或异型不等容电池并联，异型等容电池串联方案要求电芯体积相近，且体积大小决定电芯容量大小，无法充分利用终端设备的结构空间，降低了终端设备的续航能力。The related technology includes the following two technical solutions: special-shaped equal-capacity batteries connected in series and special-shaped unequal-capacity batteries connected in parallel. Under normal circumstances, the batteries used in terminal devices such as straight-bar mobile phones and tablets generally adopt the same system dual-cell series connection, requiring the size, capacity and other parameters of the two cells to be the same, so as to ensure the balanced charge/discharge of the two cells. Therefore, the shape of the battery is basically centrally symmetrical, which limits the structural stacking of the terminal device. Terminal devices with folding forms generally need to have two built-in single-cell batteries. For example, folding screen mobile phones, due to the difference in the volume of the main and secondary screens, the volumes of the two single-cell batteries are generally different, and the battery capacity is also different. Terminal devices with folding forms can use special-shaped equal-capacity batteries connected in series or special-shaped unequal-capacity batteries connected in parallel. The special-shaped equal-capacity battery series connection solution requires the cells to be of similar volume, and the volume size determines the cell capacity. It cannot fully utilize the structural space of the terminal device, reducing the endurance of the terminal device.
相关技术中终端设备(例如，手机)采用同体系双电池串联方式，容量相同，无法有效利用终端设备的结构空间，造成容量浪费。终端设备(例如，折叠屏手机)采用同体系异型不等容电池并联方式，在容量差大时电池容量损耗较大，降低了终端设备的续航能力。In the related art, terminal devices (e.g., mobile phones) use dual batteries of the same system in series, with the same capacity, which cannot effectively utilize the structural space of the terminal device, resulting in capacity waste. Terminal devices (e.g., foldable screen mobile phones) use batteries of the same system with different shapes and different capacities in parallel. When the capacity difference is large, the battery capacity loss is large, which reduces the endurance of the terminal device.
本申请实施例中的电池组的均衡控制电路可应用于终端设备，终端设备可以包括但不限于用户设备(User Equipment，UE)、手机、折叠屏手机、充电宝、可穿戴设备(例如，智能手表、智能项链、可穿戴电子袜子、可穿戴眼镜和智能服装等)、笔记本电脑、掌上电脑(Personal Digital Assistant，PDA)、平板电脑、电子书、游戏机等需要双电芯串联的电子设备。The balancing control circuit of the battery pack in the embodiment of the present application can be applied to terminal devices, which may include but are not limited to user equipment (UE), mobile phones, folding screen mobile phones, power banks, wearable devices (for example, smart watches, smart necklaces, wearable electronic socks, wearable glasses and smart clothing, etc.), laptops, PDAs (Personal Digital Assistants, PDAs), tablets, e-books, game consoles and other electronic devices that require dual-cell series connection.
本申请实施例提供一种电池组的均衡控制电路，如图1所示，图1为本申请实施例提供的一种电池组的均衡控制电路的可选的示意图，电池组的均衡控制电路100包括：控制器10、负载开关20和降压电路30；电池组包括串联连接的第一电池组200和第二电池组300，第一电池组200小于第二电池组300的电池容量；负载开关20的第一端连接于第一电池组200与第二电池组300之间，负载开关20的第二端与***电路400连接，第一电池组200通过降压电路30与负载开关20的第二端连接；控制器10，被配置为在第一电池组200和第二电池组300放电过程中，当获取的第二电池组300的剩余电量和获取的第一电池组200的剩余电量之间的电量差大于预设电量区间时，向负载开关20发送第一控制信号；负载开关20，被配置为在第一控制信号的作用下闭合，使得第二电池组300向***电路400单独放电；控制器10，还被配置为当电量差位于预设电量区间时，向降压电路30发送第二控制信号；降压电路30，被配置为在第二控制信号的作用下处于工作状态，对第一电池组200和第二电池组300进行降压后向***电路400放电。The embodiment of the present application provides a balancing control circuit of a battery pack, as shown in FIG1 , which is an optional schematic diagram of a balancing control circuit of a battery pack provided in the embodiment of the present application, wherein the balancing control circuit 100 of the battery pack comprises: a controller 10, a load switch 20 and a buck circuit 30; the battery pack comprises a first battery pack 200 and a second battery pack 300 connected in series, and the battery capacity of the first battery pack 200 is smaller than that of the second battery pack 300; the first end of the load switch 20 is connected between the first battery pack 200 and the second battery pack 300, the second end of the load switch 20 is connected to the system circuit 400, and the first battery pack 200 is connected to the second end of the load switch 20 through the buck circuit 30; the controller 10 is configured as During the discharge process of the first battery pack 200 and the second battery pack 300, when the difference between the remaining power of the second battery pack 300 and the remaining power of the first battery pack 200 is greater than a preset power range, a first control signal is sent to the load switch 20; the load switch 20 is configured to close under the action of the first control signal, so that the second battery pack 300 discharges separately to the system circuit 400; the controller 10 is also configured to send a second control signal to the buck circuit 30 when the power difference is within the preset power range; the buck circuit 30 is configured to be in a working state under the action of the second control signal, and discharges to the system circuit 400 after stepping down the voltage of the first battery pack 200 and the second battery pack 300.
在本申请实施例中，控制器10的第一输出端与负载开关20的第一控制端连接，被配置为向负载开关20发送驱动信号；控制器10的第二输出端与降压电路30的第二控制端连接，被配置为向降压电路30发送驱动信号。图1中的***电压Vsys表示***电路400所需要的放电电压。在第一电池组200和第二电池组300的放电过程中，可以采用电量计对电池组(第一电池组200或第二电池组300)的电压和电流进行检测，然后由控制器10根据电池组的放电电流和放电时间确定电池组放出的电量，再结合电池组的额定电量或初始电量，确定电池组的剩余电量。或者，在第一电池组200和第二电池组300开始放电时，电池组(第一电池组200或第二电池组300)的剩余电量即为电池组的额定电量，由于开始放电时，电池组实际并未放出电量，因此，控制器10无需根据放电电流和放电时间进行计算，即可获知电池组的剩余电量。当两者之间的电量差大于预设电量区间时，预设电量区间可以是一个以小数值(例如，0、1等)为原点的一个小区间(例如，[0，1]、[0.5，5]等)，说明第二电池组300的剩余电量远大于或接近于第一电池组200，可以是在开始放电时，也可以是在放电过程中任一时刻，只要第二电池组300的剩余电量不小于第一电池组200即可。控制器10控制负载开关20闭合，从而导通第二电池组300与***电路400，第二电池组300向***电路400单独放电，负载开关20仅起到通断作用，没有其他元器件，电路能量损耗较少，因此单独放电这部分，提高了放电效率，降低了放电损耗，提高了终端设备的续航能力。In the embodiment of the present application, the first output terminal of the controller 10 is connected to the first control terminal of the load switch 20, and is configured to send a drive signal to the load switch 20; the second output terminal of the controller 10 is connected to the second control terminal of the buck circuit 30, and is configured to send a drive signal to the buck circuit 30. The system voltage Vsys in Figure 1 represents the discharge voltage required by the system circuit 400. During the discharge process of the first battery pack 200 and the second battery pack 300, a fuel meter can be used to detect the voltage and current of the battery pack (the first battery pack 200 or the second battery pack 300), and then the controller 10 determines the amount of electricity discharged by the battery pack according to the discharge current and discharge time of the battery pack, and then determines the remaining amount of electricity of the battery pack in combination with the rated amount or initial amount of electricity of the battery pack. Alternatively, when the first battery pack 200 and the second battery pack 300 start to discharge, the remaining amount of electricity of the battery pack (the first battery pack 200 or the second battery pack 300) is the rated amount of electricity of the battery pack. Since the battery pack does not actually discharge electricity when the discharge starts, the controller 10 does not need to calculate according to the discharge current and discharge time to know the remaining amount of electricity of the battery pack. When the power difference between the two is greater than the preset power interval, the preset power interval can be a small interval (for example, [0, 1], [0.5, 5], etc.) with a small value (for example, 0, 1, etc.) as the origin, indicating that the remaining power of the second battery pack 300 is much greater than or close to the first battery pack 200, which can be at the beginning of discharge or at any time during the discharge process, as long as the remaining power of the second battery pack 300 is not less than the first battery pack 200. The controller 10 controls the load switch 20 to close, thereby connecting the second battery pack 300 and the system circuit 400, and the second battery pack 300 discharges to the system circuit 400 alone. The load switch 20 only plays a switching role, and there are no other components, and the circuit energy loss is less. Therefore, the separate discharge of this part improves the discharge efficiency, reduces the discharge loss, and improves the endurance of the terminal device.
在一些实施例中，控制器10，还被配置为当电量差位于预设电量区间时，向负载开关20发送第三控制信号；负载开关20，还被配置为在第三控制信号的作用下由闭合变为断开。In some embodiments, the controller 10 is further configured to send a third control signal to the load switch 20 when the power difference is within a preset power interval; the load switch 20 is further configured to change from closed to open under the action of the third control signal.
在本申请实施例中，负载开关20和降压电路30不同时工作，当电量差位于预设电量区间时，说明第二电池组300的剩余电量接近于(或者小于)第一电池组200，控制器10控制负载开关20由闭合变为断开(以实现第二电池组300与***电路400断开)，并控制降压电路30处于工作状态，第一电池组200和第二电池组300串联后的串联电压大于***电路400所需电压，例如，第一电池组200、第二电池组300的电压和***电路400所需电压均为4V，串联后的电压是8V，因此，串联电压还需要通过降压电路30降压后向***电路400放电。 In the embodiment of the present application, the load switch 20 and the buck circuit 30 do not work at the same time. When the power difference is within the preset power range, it indicates that the remaining power of the second battery pack 300 is close to (or less than) that of the first battery pack 200. The controller 10 controls the load switch 20 from closed to open (to disconnect the second battery pack 300 from the system circuit 400), and controls the buck circuit 30 to be in a working state. The series voltage of the first battery pack 200 and the second battery pack 300 after being connected in series is greater than the voltage required by the system circuit 400. For example, the voltages of the first battery pack 200 and the second battery pack 300 and the voltage required by the system circuit 400 are all 4V, and the voltage after the series connection is 8V. Therefore, the series voltage also needs to be discharged to the system circuit 400 after being stepped down by the buck circuit 30.
在本申请实施例中，第一电池组200和第二电池组300可以是单电芯电池，例如，包含一节电池A，也可以是多电池串联、并联或串并联混合组成的电池包，例如，由两节电池A串联构成、由三节电池B并联构成、由串联的两节电池与另一节电池并联构成，只要第一电池组200和第二电池组300的满充电压和放空电压相同即可，对此本申请实施例不做限制。In the embodiment of the present application, the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300 can be single-cell batteries, for example, including one battery A, or can be a battery pack composed of multiple batteries connected in series, in parallel, or a mixture of series and parallel, for example, composed of two batteries A connected in series, three batteries B connected in parallel, or two batteries connected in series and another battery connected in parallel. As long as the full charge voltage and the discharge voltage of the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300 are the same, the embodiment of the present application is not limited to this.
在本申请实施例中，控制器10(controller)可以是应用处理器(Application Processor，AP)，中央处理器(central processing unit，CPU)等，只要该控制器10，具有计算处理功能，以及通过驱动信号(或控制逻辑)对其他器件起到驱动控制作用(例如，开启、断开、控制器件的电阻大小等)即可，对此本申请实施例不做限制。In the embodiment of the present application, the controller 10 (controller) can be an application processor (AP), a central processing unit (CPU), etc. As long as the controller 10 has computing and processing functions and drives and controls other devices through driving signals (or control logic) (for example, turning on, disconnecting, controlling the resistance of the device, etc.), the embodiment of the present application is not limited to this.
在本申请实施例中，负载开关20可以是可控功率器件，也可以是其他具有可控通断功能的机械物理结构或者器件，也可以是基于化学原理的反应容器等，只要是能够在控制器10的控制下起到通断作用即可，不需要包括其他复杂的元器件，对此本申请实施例不做限制。In the embodiment of the present application, the load switch 20 can be a controllable power device, or other mechanical physical structure or device with controllable on-off function, or a reaction container based on chemical principles, etc. As long as it can play the on-off role under the control of the controller 10, it does not need to include other complex components, and the embodiment of the present application does not limit this.
在本申请实施例中，电池容量表征电池存储电量的大小，电池容量的单位是毫安时(mAh)，1000mAh＝3600C，倍率C表示电池充/放电能力倍率。在此，以电池容量表示电池组的额定电量或初始电量，剩余电量为电池组放出一段时间或一定量的电量之后的剩余电量，将电池容量减去放出的电量，可以得到剩余电量。In the embodiment of the present application, the battery capacity represents the amount of electricity stored in the battery. The unit of the battery capacity is milliampere-hour (mAh), 1000mAh=3600C, and the rate C represents the battery charge/discharge capacity rate. Here, the battery capacity represents the rated power or initial power of the battery pack, and the remaining power is the remaining power after the battery pack discharges a period of time or a certain amount of power. The remaining power can be obtained by subtracting the discharged power from the battery capacity.
在本申请实施例中，预设电量区间表征控制负载开关20闭合和断开的时机，预设电量区间可以是一个数值点，例如，0、1mAh等。示例性的，以预设电量区间是0为例进行说明，在开始放电时，第二电池组300大于第一电池组200的电池容量，或者，在放电过程中(例如，先通过放电均衡方法对第一电池组200和第二电池组300进行放电，在放了一段时间之后的场景)，第二电池组300大于第一电池组200的剩余电量，可以通过闭合负载开关20、降压电路30处于不工作状态的方案，使得第二电池组300单独放电。预设电量区间可以是一个小区间，例如，[0，1mAh]、[2mAh，10mAh]等，示例性的，以预设电量区间是[0，10mAh]为例进行说明，在开始放电或放电过程中，第二电池组300大于第一电池组200的电池容量，满足电量差大于[0，1mAh]的条件，可以通过闭合负载开关20、降压电路30处于不工作状态的方案，使得第二电池组300单独放电。In the embodiment of the present application, the preset power interval represents the timing of controlling the closing and opening of the load switch 20, and the preset power interval can be a numerical point, for example, 0, 1 mAh, etc. Exemplarily, taking the preset power interval as 0 as an example, when the discharge starts, the second battery pack 300 is greater than the battery capacity of the first battery pack 200, or, during the discharge process (for example, the first battery pack 200 and the second battery pack 300 are discharged by the discharge balancing method, and then the second battery pack 300 is greater than the remaining power of the first battery pack 200, the load switch 20 can be closed and the buck circuit 30 is in an inoperative state, so that the second battery pack 300 is discharged alone. The preset power interval can be a small interval, for example, [0, 1mAh], [2mAh, 10mAh], etc. For example, the preset power interval is [0, 10mAh] for explanation. At the beginning of discharge or during discharge, the battery capacity of the second battery pack 300 is greater than that of the first battery pack 200, and the condition that the power difference is greater than [0, 1mAh] is met. The load switch 20 can be closed and the buck circuit 30 is in a non-working state, so that the second battery pack 300 can be discharged alone.
在本申请实施例中，利用负载开关20实现低损耗的放电均衡方法，在放电时，均衡电路60不工作，通过控制负载开关20的通断，切换大容量电池单独放电和双电池串联放电两种放电路径，保证容量不同的串联电池同时放空，在保证电池放电均衡的前提下，提高了放电效率。例如，可以保证容量不同的大小电池的剩余电量相同，然后通过降压电路30串联放电，从而降低了放电损耗，提高了终端设备的续航能力。In the embodiment of the present application, a low-loss discharge balancing method is implemented by using the load switch 20. During discharge, the balancing circuit 60 does not work. By controlling the on and off of the load switch 20, the two discharge paths of large-capacity battery discharge alone and dual-battery series discharge are switched to ensure that the series-connected batteries with different capacities are discharged at the same time. Under the premise of ensuring balanced battery discharge, the discharge efficiency is improved. For example, it can be ensured that the remaining power of batteries of different capacities is the same, and then they are discharged in series through the step-down circuit 30, thereby reducing the discharge loss and improving the endurance of the terminal device.
根据本申请实施例提供的方案，该电池组的均衡控制电路100包括：控制器10、负载开关20和降压电路30；电池组包括串联连接的第一电池组200和第二电池组300，第一电池组200小于第二电池组300的电池容量；负载开关20的第一端连接于第一电池组200与第二电池组300之间，负载开关20的第二端与***电路400连接，控制器10的第一输出端与负载开关20的第一控制端连接，控制器10的第二输出端与降压电路30的第二控制端连接，第一电池组200通过降压电路30与负载开关20的第二端连接，在原有电路的基础上，增加负载开关20，无需改变原有电路的其他结构，提高了电路复用性。控制器10，被配置为在第一电池组200和第二电池组300放电过程中，当获取的第二电池组300的剩余电量和获取的第一电池组200的剩余电量之间的电量差大于预设电量区间时，向负载开关20发送第一控制信号；负载开关20，被配置为在第一控制信号的作用下闭合，实现第二电池组300与***电路400导通，使得第二电池组300向***电路400单独放电；控制器10，还被配置为当电量差位于预设电量区间时，向负载开关20发送第三控制信号，以及向降压电路30发送第二控制信号；负载开关20，还被配置为在第三控制信号的作用下由闭合变为断开，实现第二电池组300与***电路400断开；降压电路30，被配置为在第二控制信号的作用下处于工作状态，对第一电池组200和第二电池组300串联后的电压进行降压后向***电路400放电。在开始放电或放电过程中，在第二电池组300和第一电池组200两者剩余电量相差大于预设电量区间时，控制第二电池组300直接通过负载开关20向***电路400放电，也就是将大容量的电池组进行单独放电，并在两者剩余电量相差在预设电量区间时，断开负载开关20，通过处于工作状态的降压电路30进行降压后供电，从而完成整个放电过程。负载开关20仅起到通断作用，没有其他元器件，电路能量损耗较少，相较于通过均衡电路60和降压电路30的均衡放电方式，降低了放电损耗，提高了终端设备的续航能力。根据剩余电量判断负载开关20的通断时机，前半段时间通过负载开关20单独放电，当两者剩余电量接近时，后半段时间通过降压电路30串联放电，提高了放电效率。According to the solution provided in the embodiment of the present application, the balancing control circuit 100 of the battery pack includes: a controller 10, a load switch 20 and a buck circuit 30; the battery pack includes a first battery pack 200 and a second battery pack 300 connected in series, and the battery capacity of the first battery pack 200 is smaller than that of the second battery pack 300; the first end of the load switch 20 is connected between the first battery pack 200 and the second battery pack 300, the second end of the load switch 20 is connected to the system circuit 400, the first output end of the controller 10 is connected to the first control end of the load switch 20, the second output end of the controller 10 is connected to the second control end of the buck circuit 30, the first battery pack 200 is connected to the second end of the load switch 20 through the buck circuit 30, and the load switch 20 is added to the original circuit without changing other structures of the original circuit, thereby improving the circuit reusability. The controller 10 is configured to send a first control signal to the load switch 20 when the difference between the remaining power of the second battery group 300 and the remaining power of the first battery group 200 obtained during the discharge of the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300 is greater than a preset power range; the load switch 20 is configured to close under the action of the first control signal to achieve conduction between the second battery group 300 and the system circuit 400, so that the second battery group 300 discharges separately to the system circuit 400; the controller 10 is also configured to send a third control signal to the load switch 20 and a second control signal to the step-down circuit 30 when the power difference is within the preset power range; the load switch 20 is also configured to change from closed to open under the action of the third control signal to achieve disconnection between the second battery group 300 and the system circuit 400; the step-down circuit 30 is configured to be in a working state under the action of the second control signal, and to discharge to the system circuit 400 after stepping down the voltage after the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300 are connected in series. At the beginning of discharge or during discharge, when the difference between the remaining power of the second battery pack 300 and the first battery pack 200 is greater than the preset power range, the second battery pack 300 is controlled to discharge directly to the system circuit 400 through the load switch 20, that is, the large-capacity battery pack is discharged separately, and when the difference between the remaining power of the two is within the preset power range, the load switch 20 is disconnected, and the buck circuit 30 in the working state is used to step down the voltage and supply power, thereby completing the entire discharge process. The load switch 20 only plays a switching function, and there are no other components. The circuit energy loss is small. Compared with the balanced discharge method through the balancing circuit 60 and the buck circuit 30, the discharge loss is reduced and the endurance of the terminal device is improved. The on-off timing of the load switch 20 is determined according to the remaining power. The load switch 20 is discharged separately in the first half of the time. When the remaining power of the two is close, the buck circuit 30 is discharged in series in the second half of the time, thereby improving the discharge efficiency.
在一些实施例中，基于上述图1，本申请实施例还提供了一种电池组的均衡控制电路，如图2所示，图2为本申请实施例提供的另一种电池组的均衡控制电路的可选的示意图，电池组的均衡控制电路100 还包括：第一电量计40和第二电量计50；第一电量计40的两个测量端分别与第一电池组200的正极和负极连接，第一电量计40的输出端与控制器10的第一输入端连接；第二电量计50的两个测量端分别与第二电池组300的正极和负极连接，第二电量计50的输出端与控制器10的第二输入端连接；第一电量计40，被配置为向控制器10输出第一电池组200的放电电流；第二电量计50，被配置为向控制器10输出第二电池组300的放电电流；控制器10，还被配置为根据第一电池组200的电池容量、第一电池组200的放电电流和第一放电时间确定第一电池组200的剩余电量，以及，根据第二电池组300的电池容量、第二电池组300的放电电流和第二放电时间确定第二电池组300的剩余电量。In some embodiments, based on FIG. 1 above, the present application embodiment further provides a battery pack balancing control circuit, as shown in FIG. 2, which is an optional schematic diagram of another battery pack balancing control circuit provided in the present application embodiment. The battery pack balancing control circuit 100 It also includes: a first fuel meter 40 and a second fuel meter 50; the two measuring ends of the first fuel meter 40 are respectively connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the first battery group 200, and the output end of the first fuel meter 40 is connected to the first input end of the controller 10; the two measuring ends of the second fuel meter 50 are respectively connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the second battery group 300, and the output end of the second fuel meter 50 is connected to the second input end of the controller 10; the first fuel meter 40 is configured to output the discharge current of the first battery group 200 to the controller 10; the second fuel meter 50 is configured to output the discharge current of the second battery group 300 to the controller 10; the controller 10 is also configured to determine the remaining power of the first battery group 200 according to the battery capacity of the first battery group 200, the discharge current of the first battery group 200 and the first discharge time, and to determine the remaining power of the second battery group 300 according to the battery capacity of the second battery group 300, the discharge current of the second battery group 300 and the second discharge time.
在本申请实施例中，电量计(coulomb counter)连接在电池组(第一电池组200或第二电池组300)的正负极，被配置为测量电池组两端的电压，以及测量电池组中所通过的电流，并将电压和放电电流发送给控制器10。控制器10可以根据电池组的放电电流和放电时间(这里的放电时间是指该电池组单独放电的放电时间)确定放出电量，求电流与放电时间的积分，得到放出电量，放出电量的单位是mAh。将电池组的电池容量(即，额定电量)减去放出电量，得到电池组的剩余电量。In the embodiment of the present application, a coulomb counter is connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the battery pack (the first battery pack 200 or the second battery pack 300), and is configured to measure the voltage across the battery pack and the current passing through the battery pack, and send the voltage and discharge current to the controller 10. The controller 10 can determine the discharged power according to the discharge current and discharge time of the battery pack (the discharge time here refers to the discharge time of the battery pack alone), and integrate the current and the discharge time to obtain the discharged power, and the unit of the discharged power is mAh. The battery capacity (i.e., rated power) of the battery pack is subtracted from the discharged power to obtain the remaining power of the battery pack.
在本申请实施例中，通过电量计实现对电池组的电流和电压的测量，并输出至控制器10，使得控制器10可以根据电压和放电电流，判断剩余电量差是否满足预设电量区间，从而确定控制负载开关20闭合和断开的时机，从而完成放电过程，降低了放电损耗，提高了终端设备的续航能力。In an embodiment of the present application, the current and voltage of the battery pack are measured by a fuel meter and output to the controller 10, so that the controller 10 can determine whether the remaining power difference meets the preset power range based on the voltage and discharge current, thereby determining the timing of controlling the load switch 20 to close and open, thereby completing the discharge process, reducing the discharge loss, and improving the endurance of the terminal device.
下面，将说明本申请实施例在一个实际的应用场景中的示例性应用。The following is an explanation of an exemplary application of an embodiment of the present application in a practical application scenario.
在本申请实施例中，为便于了解负载开关20和降压电路30在放电过程中的工作模式，以下通过放电均衡路径进行说明，如图3所示，图3为本申请实施例提供的一种不等容电池放电均衡路径的可选的示意图。图3中***电压Vsys表示***电路400所需要的放电电压、小容量Bat1表示第一电池组200、大容量Bat2表示第二电池组300，小容量Bat1的电压、大容量Bat2的电压和Vsys均相同，例如，电压可以设置为4V。不等容电池放电均衡路径包括放电路径1和放电路径2，其中，放电路径1是Bat2通过负载开关20单独放电，放电路径2是Bat2和Bat1的串联电压，通过降压电路30(2:1)降压后放电。图3中提供的不等容电池放电均衡路径应用于放电过程，负载开关20仅起到通断作用，在充电过程中无法对Bat2的充电电流起到均衡作用，因此不适用于充电过程。基于此，图3中还示出了主动均衡电路60，该主动均衡电路60可以在充电过程中均衡Bat2和Bat1的充电电流，从而减少Bat2和Bat1的电压出现不均衡，性能出现差异化的现象，提高了电池组的使用寿命。同理，该主动均衡电路60也可以在放电过程中均衡Bat2和Bat1的放电电流。In the embodiment of the present application, in order to facilitate understanding of the working mode of the load switch 20 and the buck circuit 30 during the discharge process, the following is explained through the discharge balancing path, as shown in Figure 3, which is an optional schematic diagram of an unequal capacity battery discharge balancing path provided in the embodiment of the present application. In Figure 3, the system voltage Vsys represents the discharge voltage required by the system circuit 400, the small capacity Bat1 represents the first battery group 200, and the large capacity Bat2 represents the second battery group 300. The voltage of the small capacity Bat1, the voltage of the large capacity Bat2 and Vsys are the same. For example, the voltage can be set to 4V. The unequal capacity battery discharge balancing path includes discharge path 1 and discharge path 2, wherein discharge path 1 is Bat2 discharged alone through the load switch 20, and discharge path 2 is the series voltage of Bat2 and Bat1, which is discharged after being stepped down by the buck circuit 30 (2:1). The unequal capacity battery discharge balancing path provided in Figure 3 is applied to the discharge process, and the load switch 20 only plays a role of on and off. It cannot play a balancing role on the charging current of Bat2 during the charging process, so it is not suitable for the charging process. Based on this, FIG3 also shows an active balancing circuit 60, which can balance the charging current of Bat2 and Bat1 during the charging process, thereby reducing the voltage imbalance and performance differentiation of Bat2 and Bat1, and improving the service life of the battery pack. Similarly, the active balancing circuit 60 can also balance the discharge current of Bat2 and Bat1 during the discharge process.
在一些实施例中，基于上述图1和图2，本申请实施例还提供了一种电池组的均衡控制电路，如图4所示，图4为本申请实施例提供的再一种电池组的均衡控制电路的可选的示意图，电池组的均衡控制电路100还包括：均衡电路60；第一电池组200的正极通过降压电路30与均衡电路60的第一端连接，均衡电路60的第二端与第二电池组300的正极连接；控制器10，还被配置为当电量差大于预设电量区间时，向均衡电路60发送第四控制信号，以及向降压电路30发送第五控制信号；均衡电路60，被配置为在第四控制信号的作用下处于恒阻工作状态，以均衡第一电池组200和第二电池组300的放电电流，使得第二电池组300通过均衡电路60向***电路400放电；降压电路30，还被配置为在第五控制信号的作用下处于工作状态，对第一电池组200和第二电池组300串联后的电压进行降压后向***电路400放电。In some embodiments, based on the above-mentioned Figures 1 and 2, the embodiment of the present application further provides a balancing control circuit of a battery pack, as shown in Figure 4, which is an optional schematic diagram of another balancing control circuit of a battery pack provided in the embodiment of the present application. The balancing control circuit 100 of the battery pack also includes: a balancing circuit 60; the positive electrode of the first battery pack 200 is connected to the first end of the balancing circuit 60 through the buck circuit 30, and the second end of the balancing circuit 60 is connected to the positive electrode of the second battery pack 300; the controller 10 is further configured to send a fourth control signal to the balancing circuit 60 and a fifth control signal to the buck circuit 30 when the power difference is greater than the preset power range; the balancing circuit 60 is configured to be in a constant resistance working state under the action of the fourth control signal to balance the discharge current of the first battery pack 200 and the second battery pack 300, so that the second battery pack 300 discharges to the system circuit 400 through the balancing circuit 60; the buck circuit 30 is further configured to be in a working state under the action of the fifth control signal, and discharges to the system circuit 400 after the voltage after the first battery pack 200 and the second battery pack 300 are connected in series.
在本申请实施例中，控制器10的第三输出端与均衡电路60的第三控制端连接，被配置为向均衡电路60发送驱动信号。当电量差大于预设电量区间时，说明第二电池组300的剩余电量远大于或接近于第一电池组200。一种情况中，在开始放电时，此时，第二电池组300的剩余电量远大于第一电池组200，直接控制均衡电路60和降压电路30处于工作状态，通过均衡放电电流的方案进行放电，这种情况中负载开关20没有参与。另一种情况中，一开始是第二电池组300通过负载开关20进行单独放电，单独放电一段时间后，在某一时刻断开负载开关20，此时，(1)第二电池组300的剩余电量可能大于第一电池组200，控制均衡电路60和降压电路30处于工作状态，通过均衡放电电流的方案进行放电。(2)第二电池组300的剩余电量可能等于第一电池组200，通过控制降压电路30处于工作状态，降压电路30对串联电压进行降压后放电，由于第二电池组300和第一电池组200的剩余电量相等，剩余电量单位是mAh，剩余电量相同，在相同的放电时间内，可以同时达到放空电压，无需打开均衡电路60，放电过程实现简单，放电效率高，减少了放电损耗。当然，也可以打开均衡电路60，通过均衡放电电流的方案进行放电。(3)第二电池组300的剩余电量可能小于第一电池组200，控制均衡电路60和降压电路30处于工作状态，通过均衡放电电流的方案进行放电，由于第二电池组300小于第一电池组200的剩余电量，因此在放电过程中，第一电池组200通过降压电路30和均衡电路60向第二电池组300充电，以均衡两者的剩余电量。In the embodiment of the present application, the third output terminal of the controller 10 is connected to the third control terminal of the balancing circuit 60, and is configured to send a driving signal to the balancing circuit 60. When the power difference is greater than the preset power interval, it means that the remaining power of the second battery group 300 is much greater than or close to that of the first battery group 200. In one case, at the beginning of discharge, at this time, the remaining power of the second battery group 300 is much greater than that of the first battery group 200, and the balancing circuit 60 and the buck circuit 30 are directly controlled to be in a working state, and discharge is performed through a scheme of balancing the discharge current. In this case, the load switch 20 is not involved. In another case, at the beginning, the second battery group 300 is discharged alone through the load switch 20. After a period of time of single discharge, the load switch 20 is disconnected at a certain moment. At this time, (1) the remaining power of the second battery group 300 may be greater than that of the first battery group 200, and the balancing circuit 60 and the buck circuit 30 are controlled to be in a working state, and discharge is performed through a scheme of balancing the discharge current. (2) The remaining capacity of the second battery pack 300 may be equal to that of the first battery pack 200. By controlling the step-down circuit 30 to be in working state, the step-down circuit 30 steps down the series voltage and then discharges. Since the remaining capacity of the second battery pack 300 and the first battery pack 200 is equal, the remaining capacity unit is mAh, and the remaining capacity is the same, the empty voltage can be reached at the same time within the same discharge time, and there is no need to turn on the balancing circuit 60. The discharge process is simple to implement, the discharge efficiency is high, and the discharge loss is reduced. Of course, the balancing circuit 60 can also be turned on to discharge through a solution of balancing the discharge current. (3) The remaining capacity of the second battery pack 300 may be less than that of the first battery pack 200. The balancing circuit 60 and the step-down circuit 30 are controlled to be in working state, and the discharge is carried out through a solution of balancing the discharge current. Since the remaining capacity of the second battery pack 300 is less than that of the first battery pack 200, during the discharge process, the first battery pack 200 charges the second battery pack 300 through the step-down circuit 30 and the balancing circuit 60 to balance the remaining capacity of the two.
示例性的，以第一电池组200是Bat1、Bat1的电池容量2000mAh、第二电池组300是Bat2、Bat2 的电池容量2800mAh、剩余电量是剩余容量为例进行说明，第一种情况中，在开始放电时，控制器10先控制负载开关20闭合，Bat2单独放电至2000mAh(即Bat2的剩余容量是2000mAh)，然后，控制器10控制负载开关20断开，控制降压电路30处于工作状态(此处无需开启均衡电路60)，由于Bat2和Bat1的剩余容量相同，剩余容量的单位是mAh，在相同的放电时间内，两者所释放的容量相同，可以达到同时放空。第二种情况中，在开始放电时，控制器10先控制负载开关20闭合，Bat2单独放电至1400mAh或2400mAh，然后控制器10控制负载开关20断开、控制降压电路30和均衡电路60处于工作状态，通过主动均衡实现Bat1和Bat2串联放电。For example, the first battery pack 200 is Bat1, the battery capacity of Bat1 is 2000 mAh, the second battery pack 300 is Bat2, and the battery capacity of Bat2 is 2000 mAh. The battery capacity is 2800mAh and the remaining capacity is the remaining capacity. In the first case, at the beginning of discharge, the controller 10 first controls the load switch 20 to close, and Bat2 discharges alone to 2000mAh (that is, the remaining capacity of Bat2 is 2000mAh). Then, the controller 10 controls the load switch 20 to disconnect, and controls the buck circuit 30 to be in working state (there is no need to turn on the balancing circuit 60 here). Since the remaining capacity of Bat2 and Bat1 is the same, the unit of the remaining capacity is mAh. Within the same discharge time, the capacity released by the two is the same, and they can be discharged at the same time. In the second case, at the beginning of discharge, the controller 10 first controls the load switch 20 to close, and Bat2 discharges alone to 1400mAh or 2400mAh. Then, the controller 10 controls the load switch 20 to disconnect, controls the buck circuit 30 and the balancing circuit 60 to be in working state, and realizes the series discharge of Bat1 and Bat2 through active balancing.
在本申请实施例中，第一电池组200和第二电池组300的满充电压和放空电压均相同，以负载开关20不参与、均衡电路60和降压电路30实现均衡放电过程为例进行说明，在第一电池组200和第二电池组300开始放电时，第一电池组200和第二电池组300均从满充电压开始降低，第一电池组200大于第二电池组300的电压降低速度。在第一电池组200和第二电池组300开始放电时，在第四控制信号的作用下均衡电路60处于恒阻工作状态(均衡电路60相当于一个阻值很小的恒定电阻)。均衡电路60的放电均衡电流与第一电池组200和第二电池组300的放电电压差呈正比，第一电池组200与第二电池组300的放电电流比值大于第一电池组200与第二电池组300的电池容量比值，说明第一电池组200的放电电流过大。在第一电池组200和第二电池组300的放电过程中，放电电压差随时间增加，放电均衡电流随之增加，直至放电电流比值等于电池容量比值，第一电池组200和第二电池组300的电压降低速度相同。在放电过程中，***电路400对应的抽载电流Isys的档位会降低，当放电电流降低时，放电电流比值小于电池容量比值，放电电压差随时间减小，放电均衡电流随之减小，直至放电电流比值等于电池容量比值。放电电流再次降低，放电电压差再次随时间减小，放电均衡电流再次随之减小，直至放电电压差减小为零，实现第一电池组200和第二电池组300同时达到放空电压，从而减少电池组的电压出现不均衡的现象，提高了电池组的使用寿命。In the embodiment of the present application, the full charge voltage and the empty discharge voltage of the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300 are the same. The load switch 20 is not involved, and the equalization circuit 60 and the step-down circuit 30 implement the equalization discharge process as an example. When the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300 start to discharge, the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300 both start to decrease from the full charge voltage, and the voltage reduction rate of the first battery group 200 is greater than that of the second battery group 300. When the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300 start to discharge, the equalization circuit 60 is in a constant resistance working state under the action of the fourth control signal (the equalization circuit 60 is equivalent to a constant resistor with a very small resistance value). The discharge equalization current of the equalization circuit 60 is proportional to the discharge voltage difference between the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300. The ratio of the discharge current of the first battery group 200 to the second battery group 300 is greater than the ratio of the battery capacity of the first battery group 200 to the second battery group 300, indicating that the discharge current of the first battery group 200 is too large. During the discharge process of the first battery pack 200 and the second battery pack 300, the discharge voltage difference increases with time, and the discharge balancing current increases accordingly, until the discharge current ratio is equal to the battery capacity ratio, and the voltage reduction speed of the first battery pack 200 and the second battery pack 300 is the same. During the discharge process, the gear of the load current Isys corresponding to the system circuit 400 will be reduced. When the discharge current decreases, the discharge current ratio is less than the battery capacity ratio, the discharge voltage difference decreases with time, and the discharge balancing current decreases accordingly, until the discharge current ratio is equal to the battery capacity ratio. The discharge current decreases again, the discharge voltage difference decreases again with time, and the discharge balancing current decreases again, until the discharge voltage difference is reduced to zero, so that the first battery pack 200 and the second battery pack 300 reach the emptying voltage at the same time, thereby reducing the voltage imbalance of the battery pack and improving the service life of the battery pack.
在本申请实施例中，均衡电路60可以包括三级管、二极管、电阻、电容、电感、场效应管(MOSFET，MOS管)等元器件的至少两项的任意组合，可以实现电流双向流动，在控制器10的驱动信号(或控制逻辑)的作用下，通过元器件的通断组合，实现工作在恒阻状态(相当于一个阻值很小的电阻)，也可以通过元器件的通断组合，控制流过的电流(相当于一个可调整电阻)，从而工作在恒压状态。均衡电路60可以是双向低压差线性稳压器(low dropout regulator，LDO)，也可以是C-UK(Care Unite Skin)斩波电路，或者，双向降压-升压(BUCK-BOOST)电路，对此本申请实施例不做限制。In the embodiment of the present application, the balancing circuit 60 may include any combination of at least two of the components such as triodes, diodes, resistors, capacitors, inductors, field effect transistors (MOSFET, MOS tubes), etc., which can realize bidirectional current flow. Under the action of the driving signal (or control logic) of the controller 10, the on-off combination of the components can realize working in a constant resistance state (equivalent to a resistor with a very small resistance value), and the on-off combination of the components can also be used to control the current flowing (equivalent to an adjustable resistor), so as to work in a constant voltage state. The balancing circuit 60 can be a bidirectional low dropout regulator (LDO), a C-UK (Care Unite Skin) chopper circuit, or a bidirectional buck-boost circuit, which is not limited by the embodiment of the present application.
在本申请实施例中，当电量差大于预设电量区间时，控制器10控制均衡电路60处于恒阻工作状态，还控制降压电路30处于工作状态，均衡第一电池组200和第二电池组300的放电电流，使得第二电池组300通过均衡电路60向***电路400放电，第一电池组200和第二电池组300串联后的电压通过降压电路30降压后向***电路400放电，可以同时达到放空电压，从而减少电池组的电压出现不均衡，性能出现差异化的现象，提高了电池组的使用寿命。In the embodiment of the present application, when the charge difference is greater than the preset charge range, the controller 10 controls the balancing circuit 60 to be in a constant resistance working state, and also controls the step-down circuit 30 to be in a working state, balancing the discharge current of the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300, so that the second battery group 300 discharges to the system circuit 400 through the balancing circuit 60, and the voltage after the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300 are connected in series is stepped down by the step-down circuit 30 and discharged to the system circuit 400, and the emptying voltage can be reached at the same time, thereby reducing the voltage imbalance of the battery group and the performance differentiation phenomenon, and improving the service life of the battery group.
在本申请实施例中，负载开关20与均衡电路60和降压电路30不同时工作，负载开关20闭合时，均衡电路60和降压电路30均处于不工作状态；负载开关20断开，降压电路30处于工作状态，如上述图1对应的均衡控制方法；负载开关20断开，均衡电路60和降压电路30均处于工作状态，如上述图4对应的均衡控制方法。图4对应的均衡控制方法可以单独适用于放电过程，也就是说图4可以不包括负载开关20。In the embodiment of the present application, the load switch 20 does not work simultaneously with the balancing circuit 60 and the buck circuit 30. When the load switch 20 is closed, the balancing circuit 60 and the buck circuit 30 are both in a non-working state; when the load switch 20 is disconnected, the buck circuit 30 is in a working state, such as the balancing control method corresponding to FIG. 1 above; when the load switch 20 is disconnected, the balancing circuit 60 and the buck circuit 30 are both in a working state, such as the balancing control method corresponding to FIG. 4 above. The balancing control method corresponding to FIG. 4 can be applied to the discharge process alone, that is, FIG. 4 may not include the load switch 20.
需要说明的是，图1中相关的第二控制信号和图4中相关的第五控制信号是同一类具有相同功能的信号，均是控制降压电路30处于工作状态的驱动信号，在实际应用场景中，由于图1中是在负载开关20断开、且电量差位于预设电量区间时控制降压电路30处于工作状态的应用场景，图4中是在电量差大于预设电量区间时控制降压电路30处于工作状态的应用场景，为避免混淆两个应用场景，本申请实施例在不同的应用场景中分别采用第二控制信号和第五控制信号进行描述。It should be noted that the second control signal related to Figure 1 and the fifth control signal related to Figure 4 are signals of the same type with the same function, and both are drive signals for controlling the buck circuit 30 to be in a working state. In actual application scenarios, since Figure 1 is an application scenario in which the buck circuit 30 is controlled to be in a working state when the load switch 20 is disconnected and the power difference is in a preset power range, and Figure 4 is an application scenario in which the buck circuit 30 is controlled to be in a working state when the power difference is greater than the preset power range, in order to avoid confusing the two application scenarios, the embodiments of the present application use the second control signal and the fifth control signal to describe different application scenarios respectively.
下面，将说明本申请实施例在一个实际的应用场景中的示例性应用。The following is an explanation of an exemplary application of an embodiment of the present application in a practical application scenario.
在本申请实施例中，为便于了解均衡电路60和降压电路30在放电过程中的工作模式，以下对均衡电路60和降压电路30相互配合实现放电均衡的过程进行说明，由于此过程中负载开关20断开，可以相当于没有负载开关20这个元器件，如图5所示，图5为本申请实施例提供的一种不等容电池放电路径的可选的示意图。通常情况下，一个电路中既包括充电过程，还包括放电过程，因此，图5中还示出了充电电路80，保持电路的完整性。图5中小容量Bat1表示第一电池组200、大容量Bat2表示第二电池组300，双向LDO表示均衡电路60，适配器输出电压Vin表示充电电路80的充电电压，***电压Vsys表示***电路400所需要的放电电压，在本示例中，Bat1的额定电压、Bat2的额定电压和Vsys均相同，例如，电压可以设置为4V，相对应的，Vin可以设置为8V。不等容电池放电路径包括两条，一条是Bat2通过双向LDO放电，一条是Bat2和Bat1的串联电压，通过降低电路降压后放电。 In the embodiment of the present application, in order to facilitate understanding of the working mode of the equalizing circuit 60 and the buck circuit 30 during the discharge process, the following is an explanation of the process in which the equalizing circuit 60 and the buck circuit 30 cooperate with each other to achieve discharge equalization. Since the load switch 20 is disconnected during this process, it can be equivalent to not having the load switch 20 as a component, as shown in Figure 5, Figure 5 is an optional schematic diagram of an unequal capacity battery discharge path provided by the embodiment of the present application. Generally, a circuit includes both a charging process and a discharging process, so Figure 5 also shows a charging circuit 80 to maintain the integrity of the circuit. In Figure 5, the small capacity Bat1 represents the first battery pack 200, the large capacity Bat2 represents the second battery pack 300, the bidirectional LDO represents the equalizing circuit 60, the adapter output voltage Vin represents the charging voltage of the charging circuit 80, and the system voltage Vsys represents the discharge voltage required by the system circuit 400. In this example, the rated voltage of Bat1, the rated voltage of Bat2 and Vsys are all the same. For example, the voltage can be set to 4V, and correspondingly, Vin can be set to 8V. There are two discharge paths for batteries of unequal capacity. One is the discharge of Bat2 through a bidirectional LDO, and the other is the series voltage of Bat2 and Bat1, which is discharged after the voltage is reduced by a voltage reduction circuit.
在本申请实施例中，基于上述图5，大小容量电池整体放电曲线如图6所示，图6为本申请实施例提供的一种电压放电曲线的可选的示意图。以第一电池组200的电流是Ibat1、第二电池组300的电流是Ibat2、第一电池组200的电压是Vbat1、第二电池组300的电压是Vbat2、第一电池组200的电池容量是Cap1、第二电池组300的电池容量是Cap2、均衡电流是Ib为例，对放电时第一电池组200和第二电池组300的电压，随时间的变化情况进行说明。由于在放电完成后，电池组还会有残余电量(以维持正常设备)，因此，Bat1和Bat2在放空后还是会存储一部分的电压，其放空电压不为0，因此，图6中Bat1和Bat2在放电结束后电压不是0，同时放空指的是Bat1和Bat2同时达到放空电压。LDO工作在开启状态时，相当于一个阻值很小的恒定电阻Rb，LDO两端电压Vb＝(Vbat1-Vbat2)/2，Vb与均衡电流Ib成正比，即Ib＝Vb/Rb。开始放电时(对应于图6中0时刻)，Vbat1＝Vbat2，均衡电流Ib＝Vb/Rb＝(Vbat1-Vbat2)/(2*Rb)＝0，大小容量电池以相同的电流放电，随着时间的增加，很快，Vbat2>Vbat1，均衡电流Ib＝Vb/Rb＝(Vbat1-Vbat2)/(2*Rb)>0。当大小容量电池之间的电压差值较小时，Ibat1/Ibat2＝(Ibat2-Ib)/Ibat2>Cap1/Cap2，大小容量电池之间电压差值随着时间不断增大，直至Ibat1/Ibat2＝(Ibat2-Ib)/Ibat2＝Cap1/Cap2，之后大小容量电池之间的电压差保持不变。当***抽载电流Isys降低时，降低后电流Ibat1/Ibat2＝(Ibat2-Ib)/Ibat2<Cap1/Cap2，大小容量电池之间的电压差减小，均衡电流Ib随之减小，直至Ibat1/Ibat2＝(Ibat2+Ib)/Ibat2＝Cap1/Cap2，此后大小容量电池之间的电压差维持不变。在不断降电流的放电过程中，大小容量电池之间的电压差Vbat1-Vbat2不断缩小(图6中t3时刻下的电压差Vb2小于t1时刻下的电压差Vb1)，直至最后为0，此时大小容量电池刚好放空(即达到放空电压)。In the embodiment of the present application, based on the above-mentioned Figure 5, the overall discharge curve of the large and small capacity batteries is shown in Figure 6, and Figure 6 is an optional schematic diagram of a voltage discharge curve provided in the embodiment of the present application. Taking the current of the first battery pack 200 as Ibat1, the current of the second battery pack 300 as Ibat2, the voltage of the first battery pack 200 as Vbat1, the voltage of the second battery pack 300 as Vbat2, the battery capacity of the first battery pack 200 as Cap1, the battery capacity of the second battery pack 300 as Cap2, and the equalization current as Ib as an example, the voltage of the first battery pack 200 and the second battery pack 300 during discharge, and the change over time are described. Since the battery pack will still have residual power after the discharge is completed (to maintain normal equipment), Bat1 and Bat2 will still store a part of the voltage after emptying, and its emptying voltage is not 0. Therefore, in Figure 6, the voltage of Bat1 and Bat2 is not 0 after the discharge is completed, and simultaneous emptying means that Bat1 and Bat2 reach the emptying voltage at the same time. When the LDO is turned on, it is equivalent to a constant resistor Rb with a very small resistance. The voltage across the LDO Vb = (Vbat1-Vbat2)/2, and Vb is proportional to the balancing current Ib, that is, Ib = Vb/Rb. When the discharge starts (corresponding to time 0 in Figure 6), Vbat1 = Vbat2, the balancing current Ib = Vb/Rb = (Vbat1-Vbat2)/(2*Rb) = 0, and the large and small capacity batteries discharge with the same current. As time goes by, soon Vbat2>Vbat1, and the balancing current Ib = Vb/Rb = (Vbat1-Vbat2)/(2*Rb)>0. When the voltage difference between the large and small capacity batteries is small, Ibat1/Ibat2 = (Ibat2-Ib)/Ibat2>Cap1/Cap2, and the voltage difference between the large and small capacity batteries increases with time until Ibat1/Ibat2 = (Ibat2-Ib)/Ibat2 = Cap1/Cap2, and then the voltage difference between the large and small capacity batteries remains unchanged. When the system load current Isys decreases, the reduced current Ibat1/Ibat2＝(Ibat2-Ib)/Ibat2<Cap1/Cap2, the voltage difference between the large and small capacity batteries decreases, and the balancing current Ib decreases accordingly, until Ibat1/Ibat2＝(Ibat2+Ib)/Ibat2＝Cap1/Cap2, after which the voltage difference between the large and small capacity batteries remains unchanged. In the process of continuously decreasing current discharge, the voltage difference Vbat1-Vbat2 between the large and small capacity batteries continues to decrease (the voltage difference Vb2 at time t3 in Figure 6 is less than the voltage difference Vb1 at time t1), until it finally reaches 0, at which time the large and small capacity batteries are just discharged (i.e., the discharge voltage is reached).
在本申请实施例中，如图6所示，横坐标表示时间，纵坐标表示电压。图6中示出了在放电时Bat1和Bat2的电压随时间的变化情况。0～t1时间段LDO恒阻均衡，大小容量电池之间的电压差不断增大，此时Ibat1/Ibat2>Cap1/Cap2；t1～t2时间段LDO恒阻均衡，大小容量电池之间的电压差保持不变，此时Ibat1/Ibat2＝Cap1/Cap2；t2时刻降低放电电流，t2～t3时间段，大小容量电池之间的电压差不断减小，此时Ibat1/Ibat2<Cap1/Cap2，直至t4时刻大小容量电池之间的电压差保持不变，不断重复t2～t4降电流的过程，直至tL时刻大小容量电池同时放空。In the embodiment of the present application, as shown in FIG6 , the horizontal axis represents time, and the vertical axis represents voltage. FIG6 shows the change of the voltage of Bat1 and Bat2 over time during discharge. In the time period 0 to t1, the LDO constant resistance balance is performed, and the voltage difference between the large and small capacity batteries continues to increase, at which time Ibat1/Ibat2>Cap1/Cap2; in the time period t1 to t2, the LDO constant resistance balance is performed, and the voltage difference between the large and small capacity batteries remains unchanged, at which time Ibat1/Ibat2＝Cap1/Cap2; at t2, the discharge current is reduced, and in the time period t2 to t3, the voltage difference between the large and small capacity batteries continues to decrease, at which time Ibat1/Ibat2<Cap1/Cap2, until the voltage difference between the large and small capacity batteries remains unchanged at t4, and the process of reducing the current from t2 to t4 is repeated continuously until the large and small capacity batteries are discharged at the same time at tL.
在一些实施例中，基于上述图1和图2，本申请实施例还提供了一种电池组的均衡控制电路，如图7所示，图7为本申请实施例提供的又一种电池组的均衡控制电路的可选的示意图，电池组的均衡控制电路100还包括：均衡电路60和电流采样电路70；第一电池组200的正极通过降压电路30与电流采样电路70的第一端连接，电流采样电路70的第二端与均衡电路60的第一端连接，电流采样电路70的第三端与控制器10的第三输入端连接；均衡电路60的第二端与第二电池组300的正极连接；电流采样电路70，被配置为在第一电池组200和第二电池组300放电过程中，实时监测均衡电路60的放电均衡电流，并将放电均衡电流发送至控制器10；控制器10，还被配置为当电量差大于预设电量区间时，向降压电路30发送第五控制信号；以及，当电量差大于预设电量区间、且第一电量计40输出的第一电池组200的电压与第二电量计50输出的第二电池组300的电压之间的放电电压差等于第一预设阈值时，根据放电均衡电流、第一电池组200的电流和第二电池组300的电流，确定第六控制信号，并向均衡电路60发送第六控制信号；均衡电路60，被配置为在第六控制信号的作用下，实时调节自身电阻，实现处于恒压工作状态，以均衡第一电池组200和第二电池组300的放电电流，使得第二电池组300通过均衡电路60向***电路400放电；降压电路30，还被配置为在第五控制信号的作用下处于工作状态，对第一电池组200和第二电池组300串联后的电压进行降压后向***电路400放电。In some embodiments, based on the above-mentioned Figures 1 and 2, the embodiment of the present application further provides a balancing control circuit of a battery pack, as shown in Figure 7, which is an optional schematic diagram of another balancing control circuit of a battery pack provided in the embodiment of the present application. The balancing control circuit 100 of the battery pack also includes: a balancing circuit 60 and a current sampling circuit 70; the positive electrode of the first battery pack 200 is connected to the first end of the current sampling circuit 70 through the step-down circuit 30, the second end of the current sampling circuit 70 is connected to the first end of the balancing circuit 60, and the third end of the current sampling circuit 70 is connected to the third input end of the controller 10; the second end of the balancing circuit 60 is connected to the positive electrode of the second battery pack 300; the current sampling circuit 70 is configured to monitor the discharge balancing current of the balancing circuit 60 in real time during the discharge process of the first battery pack 200 and the second battery pack 300, and send the discharge balancing current to the controller 10; the controller 10 is also ... , sending a fifth control signal to the step-down circuit 30; and, when the power difference is greater than the preset power interval and the discharge voltage difference between the voltage of the first battery group 200 output by the first power meter 40 and the voltage of the second battery group 300 output by the second power meter 50 is equal to the first preset threshold, determining a sixth control signal according to the discharge balancing current, the current of the first battery group 200 and the current of the second battery group 300, and sending the sixth control signal to the balancing circuit 60; the balancing circuit 60 is configured to adjust its own resistance in real time under the action of the sixth control signal to achieve a constant voltage working state to balance the discharge current of the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300, so that the second battery group 300 discharges to the system circuit 400 through the balancing circuit 60; the step-down circuit 30 is also configured to be in a working state under the action of the fifth control signal, and discharge to the system circuit 400 after stepping down the voltage after the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300 are connected in series.
在本申请实施例中，控制器10的第三输出端与均衡电路60的第三控制端连接，被配置为向均衡电路60发送驱动信号。当电量差大于预设电量区间时，说明第二电池组300的剩余电量远大于或接近于第一电池组200，控制器10控制降压电路30处于工作状态。在第一电池组200的电压与第二电池组300的电压之间的放电电压差等于第一预设阈值时，控制器10控制均衡电路60处于工作状态，并在放电过程中，通过电流采样电路70实时监测放电均衡电流，根据放电均衡电流、第一电池组200的电流和第二电池组300的电流，调节均衡电路60的自身电阻，实现对放电均衡电流的实时调节，从而使均衡电路60处于恒压工作状态，此处，均衡电路60的恒定电压等于第一预设阈值的一半，第一电池组200和第二电池组300的电压降低速度相同。第二电池组300一方面通过均衡电路60向***电路400放电，另一方面结合第一电池组200通过降压电路30降压后向***电路400放电。In the embodiment of the present application, the third output terminal of the controller 10 is connected to the third control terminal of the equalizing circuit 60, and is configured to send a driving signal to the equalizing circuit 60. When the power difference is greater than the preset power interval, it means that the remaining power of the second battery group 300 is much greater than or close to that of the first battery group 200, and the controller 10 controls the buck circuit 30 to be in a working state. When the discharge voltage difference between the voltage of the first battery group 200 and the voltage of the second battery group 300 is equal to the first preset threshold, the controller 10 controls the equalizing circuit 60 to be in a working state, and during the discharge process, the discharge equalizing current is monitored in real time through the current sampling circuit 70, and the self-resistance of the equalizing circuit 60 is adjusted according to the discharge equalizing current, the current of the first battery group 200 and the current of the second battery group 300, so as to achieve real-time adjustment of the discharge equalizing current, so that the equalizing circuit 60 is in a constant voltage working state, where the constant voltage of the equalizing circuit 60 is equal to half of the first preset threshold, and the voltage reduction speed of the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300 is the same. The second battery pack 300 discharges to the system circuit 400 through the balancing circuit 60 , and discharges to the system circuit 400 after being stepped down by the step-down circuit 30 in combination with the first battery pack 200 .
需要说明的是，第一预设阈值可以由本领域技术人员根据均衡电路60的工作电压进行适当设置，只要是能够使得均衡电路60正常工作即可，通常情况下，以均衡电路60是双向LDO为例，双向LDO的工作电压在几十毫伏左右，例如，50mv。It should be noted that the first preset threshold can be appropriately set by a person skilled in the art according to the operating voltage of the balancing circuit 60, as long as the balancing circuit 60 can work normally. Normally, taking the balancing circuit 60 as a bidirectional LDO as an example, the operating voltage of the bidirectional LDO is around tens of millivolts, for example, 50mv.
在一些实施例中，控制器10，还被配置为当第一电池组200的放电电压等于第一临界电压时，向均衡电路60发送第七控制信号；其中，第一临界电压大于第一电池组200的放空电压；均衡电路60，还被配置为在第七控制信号的作用下，再次调节自身电阻，增加放电均衡电流，实现第一电池组200 和第二电池组300同时达到放空电压。In some embodiments, the controller 10 is further configured to send a seventh control signal to the balancing circuit 60 when the discharge voltage of the first battery pack 200 is equal to the first critical voltage; wherein the first critical voltage is greater than the empty voltage of the first battery pack 200; the balancing circuit 60 is further configured to adjust its own resistance again under the action of the seventh control signal, increase the discharge balancing current, and achieve the first battery pack 200 The discharge voltage of the second battery pack 300 is reached at the same time.
在本申请实施例中，随着放电时间的增加，第一电池组200和第二电池组300的放电电压趋近于放空电压，在放电过程中，第一电池组200的电压小于第二电池组300的电压。当第一电池组200的放电电压等于第一临界电压，即接近于放空电压时。控制器10控制均衡电路60的电阻，增加放电均衡电流，打破平衡(第一电池组200和第二电池组300的电压降低速度相同)，使得第二电池组300的电压降低速度大于第一电池组200，从而使两者同时达到放空电压(也可以理解为同时放空)。In the embodiment of the present application, as the discharge time increases, the discharge voltage of the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300 approaches the emptying voltage. During the discharge process, the voltage of the first battery group 200 is less than the voltage of the second battery group 300. When the discharge voltage of the first battery group 200 is equal to the first critical voltage, that is, close to the emptying voltage. The controller 10 controls the resistance of the balancing circuit 60, increases the discharge balancing current, breaks the balance (the voltage reduction speed of the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300 is the same), so that the voltage reduction speed of the second battery group 300 is greater than that of the first battery group 200, so that both reach the emptying voltage at the same time (which can also be understood as being discharged at the same time).
需要说明的是，第一临界电压可以由本领域技术人员根据放空电压进行适当设置，只要是接近于放空电压即可，通常情况下，放空电压不为0，以放空电压是1.3V为例，第一临界电压可以设置为1.5V、1.7V等。It should be noted that the first critical voltage can be appropriately set by a person skilled in the art according to the discharge voltage, as long as it is close to the discharge voltage. Normally, the discharge voltage is not 0. Taking the discharge voltage as 1.3V as an example, the first critical voltage can be set to 1.5V, 1.7V, etc.
在本申请实施例中，负载开关20与均衡电路60和降压电路30不同时工作，负载开关20断开，降压电路30处于工作状态，然后均衡电路60处于恒压工作状态，如上述图7对应的均衡控制方法。图7对应的均衡控制方法可以单独适用于放电过程，也就是说图7可以不包括负载开关20。In the embodiment of the present application, the load switch 20 does not work simultaneously with the balancing circuit 60 and the buck circuit 30. The load switch 20 is disconnected, the buck circuit 30 is in working state, and then the balancing circuit 60 is in constant voltage working state, such as the balancing control method corresponding to FIG7. The balancing control method corresponding to FIG7 can be applied to the discharge process alone, that is, FIG7 does not include the load switch 20.
在本申请实施例中，第一电池组200和第二电池组300的满充电压和放空电压均相同，以负载开关20不参与、均衡电路60和降压电路30实现均衡放电过程为例进行说明，在第一电池组200和第二电池组300开始放电时，降压电路30在第五控制信号的作用下处于工作状态，第一电池组200和第二电池组300均从满充电压开始降低，第一电池组200大于第二电池组300的电压降低速度。在第一电池组200和第二电池组300放电过程中，通过电流采样电路70实时监测均衡电路60的放电均衡电流。在第一电池组200和第二电池组300的放电过程中，放电电压差随时间增加，直至放电电压差等于第一预设阈值时，在第六控制信号的作用下均衡电路60处于恒压工作状态(均衡电路60相当于一个可调整电阻)。通过实时监测均衡电路60的放电均衡电流，对均衡电路60对应的电阻进行实时调节，使得均衡电路60工作在恒定电压(恒定电压为第一预设阈值的二分之一)下，放电电流比值等于电池容量比值，第一电池组200和第二电池组300的电压降低速度相同。在第一电池组200的放电电压达到第一临界电压时，在第七控制信号的作用下，再次调节均衡电路60对应的电阻，使得放电均衡电流增加，放电电流比值小于电池容量比值，实现第一电池组200和第二电池组300同时达到放空电压，从而减少电池组的电压出现不均衡的现象，提高了电池组的使用寿命。In the embodiment of the present application, the full charge voltage and the empty discharge voltage of the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300 are the same. The load switch 20 is not involved, and the balancing circuit 60 and the buck circuit 30 realize the balanced discharge process. When the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300 start to discharge, the buck circuit 30 is in a working state under the action of the fifth control signal, and the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300 both start to decrease from the full charge voltage, and the voltage reduction rate of the first battery group 200 is greater than that of the second battery group 300. During the discharge process of the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300, the discharge balancing current of the balancing circuit 60 is monitored in real time by the current sampling circuit 70. During the discharge process of the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300, the discharge voltage difference increases with time until the discharge voltage difference is equal to the first preset threshold value. Under the action of the sixth control signal, the balancing circuit 60 is in a constant voltage working state (the balancing circuit 60 is equivalent to an adjustable resistor). By real-time monitoring of the discharge balancing current of the balancing circuit 60, the resistance corresponding to the balancing circuit 60 is adjusted in real time, so that the balancing circuit 60 operates at a constant voltage (the constant voltage is half of the first preset threshold), the discharge current ratio is equal to the battery capacity ratio, and the voltage reduction speed of the first battery pack 200 and the second battery pack 300 is the same. When the discharge voltage of the first battery pack 200 reaches the first critical voltage, under the action of the seventh control signal, the resistance corresponding to the balancing circuit 60 is adjusted again, so that the discharge balancing current increases, the discharge current ratio is less than the battery capacity ratio, and the first battery pack 200 and the second battery pack 300 reach the emptying voltage at the same time, thereby reducing the phenomenon of voltage imbalance of the battery pack and improving the service life of the battery pack.
下面，将说明本申请实施例在一个实际的应用场景中的示例性应用。The following is an explanation of an exemplary application of an embodiment of the present application in a practical application scenario.
在本申请实施例中，为便于了解均衡电路60和降压电路30在放电过程中的工作模式，以下对均衡电路60和降压电路30相互配合实现放电均衡的过程进行说明，由于此过程中负载开关20断开，可以相当于没有负载开关20这个元器件，如图8所示，图8为本申请实施例提供的一种放电均衡电路60的可选的结构示意图；图8中电路中适配器断开，小容量Bat1表示第一电池组200、大容量Bat2表示第二电池组300，双向LDO表示均衡电路60，***电流Isys表示***电路400所需要的放电电流。图8中放电均衡电路60中示出了两条放电路径，一条是Bat2通过双向LDO放电，一条是Bat2和Bat1的串联电压，通过降低电路降压后放电。图8中还示出了控制器10，控制器10被配置为接收流过LDO的均衡电流Ib，并根据均衡电流Ib向LDO发送驱动信号(对应于第六控制信号)，使得LDO工作在Vb恒压模式。由于在开始放电一段时间内，Bat1的电压下降速度大于Bat2，在开启LDO之后，Bat1的电压下降速度与Bat2趋于相等，因此，在整个放电过程中，Bat1的电压Vbat1小于Bat2的电压Vbat2，即Vbat1<Vbat2。In the embodiment of the present application, in order to facilitate understanding of the working mode of the balancing circuit 60 and the buck circuit 30 during the discharge process, the following describes the process of the balancing circuit 60 and the buck circuit 30 cooperating with each other to achieve discharge balancing. Since the load switch 20 is disconnected during this process, it can be equivalent to not having the load switch 20 as a component, as shown in Figure 8, Figure 8 is an optional structural schematic diagram of a discharge balancing circuit 60 provided in the embodiment of the present application; in the circuit of Figure 8, the adapter is disconnected, the small capacity Bat1 represents the first battery pack 200, the large capacity Bat2 represents the second battery pack 300, the bidirectional LDO represents the balancing circuit 60, and the system current Isys represents the discharge current required by the system circuit 400. In Figure 8, two discharge paths are shown in the discharge balancing circuit 60, one is Bat2 discharging through the bidirectional LDO, and the other is the series voltage of Bat2 and Bat1, which is discharged after the circuit is stepped down. Figure 8 also shows a controller 10, which is configured to receive the balancing current Ib flowing through the LDO, and send a drive signal (corresponding to the sixth control signal) to the LDO according to the balancing current Ib, so that the LDO works in the Vb constant voltage mode. Since the voltage drop rate of Bat1 is greater than that of Bat2 within a period of time at the beginning of discharge, after the LDO is turned on, the voltage drop rate of Bat1 tends to be equal to that of Bat2. Therefore, during the entire discharge process, the voltage Vbat1 of Bat1 is less than the voltage Vbat2 of Bat2, that is, Vbat1<Vbat2.
在本申请实施例中，当适配器断开后，串联双电池通过降压电路30按2:1降压后，给***电路400供电，若双向LDO关闭(即，处于不工作状态)，在同样的放电电流下，Bat1的电压下降速度大于Bat2，则Vbat1<Vbat2。此种情况下，双向LDO开通分流，使小容量电池Bat1的放电电流小于大容量电池Bat2，从而使大小容量电池(即Bat2和Bat1)之间的电压差保持基本相等，放电均衡的逻辑思路与充电均衡互为逆过程。In the embodiment of the present application, when the adapter is disconnected, the series dual batteries are stepped down by the step-down circuit 30 at a ratio of 2:1 to supply power to the system circuit 400. If the bidirectional LDO is turned off (i.e., not in operation), under the same discharge current, the voltage drop rate of Bat1 is greater than that of Bat2, and Vbat1<Vbat2. In this case, the bidirectional LDO is turned on to shunt, so that the discharge current of the small-capacity battery Bat1 is less than that of the large-capacity battery Bat2, thereby keeping the voltage difference between the large-capacity battery (i.e., Bat2 and Bat1) basically equal. The logic of discharge balancing is the inverse process of charge balancing.
在本申请实施例中，基于上述图8，大小容量电池整体放电曲线如图9所示，图9为本申请实施例提供的另一种电压放电曲线的可选的示意图。以第一电池组200的电流是Ibat1、第二电池组300的电流是Ibat2、第一电池组200的电压是Vbat1、第二电池组300的电压是Vbat2、第一预设阈值是Vth、第一临界电压是Vf、第一电池组200的电池容量是Cap1、第二电池组300的电池容量是Cap2、均衡电流是Ib为例，对放电时第一电池组200和第二电池组300的电压，随时间的变化情况进行说明。由于在放电完成后，电池组还会有残余电量(以维持正常设备)，因此，Bat1和Bat2在放空后还是会存储一部分的电压，其放空电压不为0，因此，图9中Bat1和Bat2在放电结束后电压不是0，同时放空指的是Bat1和Bat2同时达到放空电压。设置一个很小的电压阈值Vth，Vth的数值可以根据双向LDO的工作电压确定，通常情况下，双向LDO工作时的电压较小，因此，Vth需要设置成一个小电压，例如，50mV。当Vbat2-Vbat1＝Vth时，开启双向LDO(即处于工作状态)小容量电池Bat1的电池容量是Cap1， 大容量电池Bat2的电池容量是Cap2，为了维持大小容量电池在放电过程中始终保持Vbat2-Vbat1＝Vth的小压差，需要保证Ibat1/Ibat2＝Cap1/Cap2，使大小容量电池的电压下降速度相同。此时，***抽载电流Isys＝Ibat2，流过LDO的均衡电流Ib＝Ibat2-Ibat1，LDO两端电压为Vb＝Vbat2-(Vbat1+Vbat2)/2＝(Vbat2-Vbat1)/2＝Vth/2，本示例中LDO工作在恒压状态，相当于一个可调整电阻，LDO两端电压保持Vth/2不变。LDO恒压状态的控制方法如下：通过电流采样电路70(图8中未示出)实时监测流过LDO的均衡电流Ib，控制器10通过闭环控制LDO驱动信号(可以理解为控制逻辑)，实现均衡电流Ib的实时调节，使得LDO工作在恒压模式。设置一个接近放空电池电压(对应于放空电压)的电压阈值Vf，当Vbat1＝Vf时，通过控制器10调节LDO均衡电流Ib，使Iba1/Iba2<Cap1/Cap2，大小容量电池电压压差减小直至为0，此时Bat1和Bat2刚好放空。In the embodiment of the present application, based on the above-mentioned FIG8, the overall discharge curve of the large and small capacity batteries is shown in FIG9, and FIG9 is an optional schematic diagram of another voltage discharge curve provided in the embodiment of the present application. Taking the current of the first battery pack 200 as Ibat1, the current of the second battery pack 300 as Ibat2, the voltage of the first battery pack 200 as Vbat1, the voltage of the second battery pack 300 as Vbat2, the first preset threshold as Vth, the first critical voltage as Vf, the battery capacity of the first battery pack 200 as Cap1, the battery capacity of the second battery pack 300 as Cap2, and the equalization current as Ib as an example, the voltage of the first battery pack 200 and the second battery pack 300 during discharge, and the change over time are described. Since the battery pack will still have residual power after the discharge is completed (to maintain normal equipment), Bat1 and Bat2 will still store a part of the voltage after emptying, and its emptying voltage is not 0. Therefore, the voltage of Bat1 and Bat2 in FIG9 is not 0 after the discharge is completed, and simultaneous emptying means that Bat1 and Bat2 reach the emptying voltage at the same time. A very small voltage threshold Vth is set. The value of Vth can be determined according to the working voltage of the bidirectional LDO. Usually, the voltage of the bidirectional LDO is small when it is working. Therefore, Vth needs to be set to a small voltage, for example, 50mV. When Vbat2-Vbat1=Vth, the bidirectional LDO is turned on (i.e. in working state). The battery capacity of the small-capacity battery Bat1 is Cap1. The battery capacity of the large-capacity battery Bat2 is Cap2. In order to maintain the small voltage difference of Vbat2-Vbat1=Vth between the large and small-capacity batteries during the discharge process, it is necessary to ensure that Ibat1/Ibat2=Cap1/Cap2, so that the voltage drop rate of the large and small-capacity batteries is the same. At this time, the system load current Isys=Ibat2, the balancing current Ib flowing through the LDO=Ibat2-Ibat1, and the voltage across the LDO is Vb=Vbat2-(Vbat1+Vbat2)/2=(Vbat2-Vbat1)/2=Vth/2. In this example, the LDO works in a constant voltage state, which is equivalent to an adjustable resistor, and the voltage across the LDO remains unchanged at Vth/2. The control method of the LDO constant voltage state is as follows: the balancing current Ib flowing through the LDO is monitored in real time through the current sampling circuit 70 (not shown in Figure 8), and the controller 10 controls the LDO drive signal (which can be understood as control logic) through a closed loop to achieve real-time adjustment of the balancing current Ib, so that the LDO works in a constant voltage mode. A voltage threshold Vf close to the empty battery voltage (corresponding to the empty voltage) is set. When Vbat1=Vf, the LDO balancing current Ib is adjusted by the controller 10 to make Iba1/Iba2<Cap1/Cap2, and the voltage difference between the large and small capacity batteries is reduced to 0. At this time, Bat1 and Bat2 are just discharged.
在本申请实施例中，如图9所示，横坐标表示时间，纵坐标表示电压。图9中示出了在放电时Bat1和Bat2的电压随时间的变化情况，0～t1时间段LDO关闭，大小容量电池放电电流相同Ibat1＝Ibat2，Bat1的电压降低速度大于Bat2；t1～t2时间段LDO打开均衡，调节均衡电流Ib，LDO工作在恒压状态，相当于一个可调整电阻，Ibat1<Ibat2，Ibat1/Ibat2＝Cap1/Cap2，Bat1的电压降低速度和Bat2相同；t2～t3时间段LDO打开均衡，调节均衡电流Ib，Ibat1<Ibat2(相较于t1～t2，Ib更大)，Ibat1/Ibat2<Cap1/Cap2；在t3时刻，Bat1和Bat2同时达到放空电压。In the embodiment of the present application, as shown in FIG9 , the horizontal axis represents time, and the vertical axis represents voltage. FIG9 shows the change of the voltage of Bat1 and Bat2 over time during discharge. In the time period 0 to t1, the LDO is turned off, and the discharge current of the large and small capacity batteries is the same, Ibat1=Ibat2, and the voltage reduction rate of Bat1 is greater than that of Bat2; in the time period t1 to t2, the LDO is turned on for balancing and the balancing current Ib is adjusted. The LDO works in a constant voltage state, which is equivalent to an adjustable resistor, Ibat1<Ibat2, Ibat1/Ibat2=Cap1/Cap2, and the voltage reduction rate of Bat1 is the same as that of Bat2; in the time period t2 to t3, the LDO is turned on for balancing and the balancing current Ib is adjusted, Ibat1<Ibat2 (compared to t1 to t2, Ib is larger), Ibat1/Ibat2<Cap1/Cap2; at time t3, Bat1 and Bat2 reach the emptying voltage at the same time.
需要说明的是，放电均衡方法不仅可以包括上述图5和图6所示的方式一，也可以包括上述图8和图9所示的方式二，还可以利用分时复用等策略同时使用方式一和方式二形成新的放电方式，也可以利用分时复用等策略同时使用负载开关20通断、方式一和方式二形成新的放电方式。分时复用是指预先设置每种方法的执行时长，在同一放电过程中，可以不是单一的放电均衡方式，可以是多种方式的组合，通过执行时长，控制采用每个方式的实际时间。在实际应用中，不同的方法之间相互配合完成放电过程，对此本申请实施例不做限制。It should be noted that the discharge balancing method may include not only the method 1 shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 , but also the method 2 shown in FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 . It may also use strategies such as time-division multiplexing to simultaneously use method 1 and method 2 to form a new discharge method. It may also use strategies such as time-division multiplexing to simultaneously use the load switch 20 on and off, method 1 and method 2 to form a new discharge method. Time-division multiplexing refers to presetting the execution time of each method. In the same discharge process, it may not be a single discharge balancing method, but a combination of multiple methods. The actual time of using each method is controlled by the execution time. In actual applications, different methods cooperate with each other to complete the discharge process, and this embodiment of the present application is not limited to this.
在一些实施例中，基于上述图1和图2，本申请实施例还提供了一种电池组的均衡控制电路，如图10所示，图10为本申请实施例提供的又一种电池组的均衡控制电路的可选的示意图，电池组的均衡控制电路100还包括：充电电路80和均衡电路60；充电电路80与第一电池组200的正极连接；第一电池组200的正极通过降压电路30与均衡电路60的第一端连接，均衡电路60的第二端与第二电池组300的正极连接；充电电路80，被配置为向第一电池组200和第二电池组300进行充电；控制器10，还被配置为在充电电路80向第一电池组200和第二电池组300开始充电时，向均衡电路60发送第八控制信号，以及向降压电路30发送第九控制信号；均衡电路60，被配置为在第八控制信号的作用下处于恒阻工作状态，以均衡第一电池组200和第二电池组300的充电电流；降压电路30，还被配置为在第九控制信号的作用下处于工作状态，对充电电路80的充电电压进行降压后向第二电池组300充电。In some embodiments, based on the above-mentioned Figures 1 and 2, the embodiment of the present application further provides a balancing control circuit of a battery pack, as shown in Figure 10, which is an optional schematic diagram of another balancing control circuit of a battery pack provided in the embodiment of the present application. The balancing control circuit 100 of the battery pack also includes: a charging circuit 80 and a balancing circuit 60; the charging circuit 80 is connected to the positive electrode of the first battery pack 200; the positive electrode of the first battery pack 200 is connected to the first end of the balancing circuit 60 through the step-down circuit 30, and the second end of the balancing circuit 60 is connected to the positive electrode of the second battery pack 300; the charging circuit 80 is configured to charge the first battery pack 200 and the second battery group 300 are charged; the controller 10 is also configured to send an eighth control signal to the balancing circuit 60 and a ninth control signal to the buck circuit 30 when the charging circuit 80 starts to charge the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300; the balancing circuit 60 is configured to be in a constant resistance working state under the action of the eighth control signal to balance the charging current of the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300; the buck circuit 30 is also configured to be in a working state under the action of the ninth control signal to charge the second battery group 300 after stepping down the charging voltage of the charging circuit 80.
在本申请实施例中，控制器10的第三输出端与均衡电路60的第三控制端连接，被配置为向均衡电路60发送驱动信号。第一电池组200和第二电池组300的满充电压和放空电压均相同，以均衡电路60和降压电路30实现均衡充电过程为例进行说明，在第一电池组200和第二电池组300开始充电时，第一电池组200和第二电池组300均从放空电压开始升高，第一电池组200大于第二电池组300的电压升高速度；在第一电池组200和第二电池组300开始充电时，在第八控制信号的作用下均衡电路60处于恒阻工作状态(均衡电路60相当于一个阻值很小的恒定电阻)。均衡电路60的充电均衡电流与第一电池组200和第二电池组300的充电电压差呈正比，第一电池组200与第二电池组300的充电电流比值大于电池容量比值，说明第一电池组200的充电电流过大。在第一电池组200和第二电池组300的充电过程中，充电电压差随时间增加，充电均衡电流随之增加，直至充电电流比值等于电池容量比值，第一电池组200和第二电池组300的电压升高速度相同。在充电过程中，由于被充电设备温度升高或者适配器温度升高等原因，总充电电流会分档位逐渐降低，当充电电路80的充电电流档位降低时，充电电流比值小于电池容量比值，充电电压差随时间减小，充电均衡电流随之减小，直至充电电流比值等于电池容量比值；充电电路80的充电电流档位再次降低，充电电压差再次随时间减小，充电均衡电流再次随之减小，直至充电电压差和充电均衡电流减小为零，实现第一电池组200和第二电池组300同时达到满充电压，从而减少电池组的电压出现不均衡的现象，提高了电池组的使用寿命。In the embodiment of the present application, the third output terminal of the controller 10 is connected to the third control terminal of the equalization circuit 60, and is configured to send a driving signal to the equalization circuit 60. The full charge voltage and the empty voltage of the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300 are the same. Taking the equalization circuit 60 and the buck circuit 30 to implement the equalization charging process as an example, when the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300 start to charge, the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300 both start to increase from the empty voltage, and the voltage increase rate of the first battery group 200 is greater than that of the second battery group 300; when the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300 start to charge, the equalization circuit 60 is in a constant resistance working state under the action of the eighth control signal (the equalization circuit 60 is equivalent to a constant resistor with a very small resistance value). The charging equalization current of the equalization circuit 60 is proportional to the charging voltage difference between the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300. The charging current ratio of the first battery group 200 to the second battery group 300 is greater than the battery capacity ratio, indicating that the charging current of the first battery group 200 is too large. During the charging process of the first battery pack 200 and the second battery pack 300, the charging voltage difference increases with time, and the charging balancing current increases accordingly, until the charging current ratio is equal to the battery capacity ratio, and the voltage increase speed of the first battery pack 200 and the second battery pack 300 is the same. During the charging process, due to the increase in the temperature of the charged device or the adapter temperature, the total charging current will gradually decrease in different gears. When the charging current gear of the charging circuit 80 is reduced, the charging current ratio is less than the battery capacity ratio, the charging voltage difference decreases with time, and the charging balancing current decreases accordingly, until the charging current ratio is equal to the battery capacity ratio; the charging current gear of the charging circuit 80 is reduced again, the charging voltage difference decreases again with time, and the charging balancing current decreases again, until the charging voltage difference and the charging balancing current are reduced to zero, so that the first battery pack 200 and the second battery pack 300 reach the full charging voltage at the same time, thereby reducing the voltage imbalance of the battery pack and improving the service life of the battery pack.
下面，将说明本申请实施例在一个实际的应用场景中的示例性应用。The following is an explanation of an exemplary application of an embodiment of the present application in a practical application scenario.
在本申请实施例中，为便于了解均衡电路60和降压电路30在充电过程中的工作模式，以下对均衡电路60和降压电路30相互配合实现充电均衡的过程进行说明，由于此过程中负载开关20断开(负载开关20适应于放电过程)，可以相当于没有负载开关20这个元器件，如图11所示，图11为本申请实施例提供的一种不等容电池充电路径的可选的示意图。图11中小容量Bat1表示第一电池组200、大容量Bat2表示第二电池组300，双向LDO表示均衡电路60，适配器输出电压Vin表示充电电路80的充电电压，***电压Vsys表示***电路400所需要的放电电压，在本示例中，Bat1的额定电压、Bat2的 额定电压和Vsys均相同，例如，电压可以设置为4V，相对应的，Vin可以设置为8V。不等容电池充电路径包括两条，一条是通过降压电路30和双向LDO向Bat2充电，一条是直接对Bat1和Bat2充电。In the embodiment of the present application, in order to facilitate understanding of the working mode of the balancing circuit 60 and the buck circuit 30 during the charging process, the following describes the process in which the balancing circuit 60 and the buck circuit 30 cooperate with each other to achieve charging balancing. Since the load switch 20 is disconnected during this process (the load switch 20 is adapted to the discharge process), it can be equivalent to not having the load switch 20 as a component, as shown in FIG11 . FIG11 is an optional schematic diagram of an unequal capacity battery charging path provided in the embodiment of the present application. In FIG11 , the small capacity Bat1 represents the first battery pack 200, the large capacity Bat2 represents the second battery pack 300, the bidirectional LDO represents the balancing circuit 60, the adapter output voltage Vin represents the charging voltage of the charging circuit 80, and the system voltage Vsys represents the discharge voltage required by the system circuit 400. In this example, the rated voltage of Bat1 and the rated voltage of Bat2 are The rated voltage and Vsys are the same, for example, the voltage can be set to 4 V, and correspondingly, Vin can be set to 8 V. There are two charging paths for batteries of different capacities, one is to charge Bat2 through the step-down circuit 30 and the bidirectional LDO, and the other is to charge Bat1 and Bat2 directly.
在本申请实施例中，基于上述图11，大小容量电池整体充电曲线如图12所示，图12为本申请实施例提供的一种电压充电曲线的可选的示意图。以第一电池组200的电流是Ibat1、第二电池组300的电流是Ibat2、第一电池组200的电压是Vbat1、第二电池组300的电压是Vbat2、第一电池组200的电池容量是Cap1、第二电池组300的电池容量是Cap2、均衡电流是Ib为例，对充电时第一电池组200和第二电池组300的电压，随时间的变化情况进行说明。LDO工作在开启状态时，相当于一个阻值很小的恒定电阻Rb，LDO两端电压Vb＝(Vbat1-Vbat2)/2，Vb与均衡电流Ib成正比，即Ib＝Vb/Rb。开始充电时(对应于0时刻)，Vbat1＝Vbat2，均衡电流Ib＝Vb/Rb＝(Vbat1-Vbat2)/(2*Rb)＝0，大小容量电池以相同的电流充电，随着时间的增加，很快，Vbat1>Vbat2，均衡电流Ib＝Vb/Rb＝(Vbat1-Vbat2)/(2*Rb)>0。当大小容量电池之间的电压差值较小时，Ibat1/Ibat2＝(Ibat2-Ib)/Ibat2>Cap1/Cap2，大小容量电池之间的电压差值随着时间不断增大，直至Ibat1/Ibat2＝(Ibat2-Ib)/Ibat2＝Cap1/Cap2，之后大小容量电池之间的电压差保持不变。在恒流充电阶段，由于被充电设备温度升高或者适配器温度升高等原因，总充电电流Ich会分档位逐渐降低，当出现档位切换时，前面电压差保持不变的状态被打破。例如，当总充电电流Ich降低时，降低后电流Ibat1/Ibat2＝(Ibat2-Ib)/Ibat2<Cap1/Cap2，大小容量电池之间的电压差减小，均衡电流Ib随之减小，直至Ibat1/Ibat2＝(Ibat2+Ib)/Ibat2＝Cap1/Cap2，此后大小容量电池之间的电压差维持不变。在不断降电流的充电过程中，大小容量电池之间的电压差Vbat1-Vbat2不断缩小(图12中t3时刻下的电压差Vb2小于t1时刻下的电压差Vb1)，直至最后为0，此时Bat1和Bat2刚好充满(即达到满充电压)。In the embodiment of the present application, based on the above-mentioned Figure 11, the overall charging curve of the large and small capacity batteries is shown in Figure 12, and Figure 12 is an optional schematic diagram of a voltage charging curve provided in the embodiment of the present application. Taking the current of the first battery group 200 is Ibat1, the current of the second battery group 300 is Ibat2, the voltage of the first battery group 200 is Vbat1, the voltage of the second battery group 300 is Vbat2, the battery capacity of the first battery group 200 is Cap1, the battery capacity of the second battery group 300 is Cap2, and the balancing current is Ib as an example, the voltage of the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300 during charging, the change over time is described. When the LDO is working in the on state, it is equivalent to a constant resistor Rb with a very small resistance value. The voltage Vb across the LDO is Vb = (Vbat1-Vbat2)/2, and Vb is proportional to the balancing current Ib, that is, Ib = Vb/Rb. At the beginning of charging (corresponding to time 0), Vbat1=Vbat2, balancing current Ib=Vb/Rb=(Vbat1-Vbat2)/(2*Rb)=0, and batteries of large and small capacities are charged with the same current. As time goes by, soon, Vbat1>Vbat2, and balancing current Ib=Vb/Rb=(Vbat1-Vbat2)/(2*Rb)>0. When the voltage difference between batteries of large and small capacities is small, Ibat1/Ibat2=(Ibat2-Ib)/Ibat2>Cap1/Cap2, and the voltage difference between batteries of large and small capacities increases with time until Ibat1/Ibat2=(Ibat2-Ib)/Ibat2=Cap1/Cap2, after which the voltage difference between batteries of large and small capacities remains unchanged. In the constant current charging stage, due to the increase in the temperature of the charged device or the adapter, the total charging current Ich will gradually decrease in different gears. When the gear is switched, the previous state of the voltage difference remaining unchanged is broken. For example, when the total charging current Ich is reduced, the reduced current Ibat1/Ibat2＝(Ibat2-Ib)/Ibat2<Cap1/Cap2, the voltage difference between the large and small capacity batteries is reduced, and the balancing current Ib is reduced accordingly, until Ibat1/Ibat2＝(Ibat2+Ib)/Ibat2＝Cap1/Cap2, after which the voltage difference between the large and small capacity batteries remains unchanged. In the charging process of continuously reducing the current, the voltage difference Vbat1-Vbat2 between the large and small capacity batteries continues to decrease (the voltage difference Vb2 at time t3 in Figure 12 is less than the voltage difference Vb1 at time t1), until it finally reaches 0, at which time Bat1 and Bat2 are just fully charged (i.e., reaching the full charge voltage).
在本申请实施例中，如图12所示，横坐标表示时间，纵坐标表示电压。图12中示出了在充电时Bat1和Bat2的电压随时间的变化情况，0～t1时间段LDO恒阻均衡，大小容量电池之间的电压差不断增大，此时Ibat1/Ibat2>Cap1/Cap2；t1～t2时间段LDO恒阻均衡，大小容量电池之间的电压差保持不变，此时Ibat1/Ibat2＝Cap1/Cap2；t2时刻降低充电电流，t2～t3时间段大小容量电池之间的电压差不断减小，此时Ibat1/Ibat2<Cap1/Cap2，直至t4时刻大小容量电池之间的电压差保持不变，不断重复t2～t3～t4降电流的过程，直至tL时刻大小容量电池同时充满。In the embodiment of the present application, as shown in FIG12 , the horizontal axis represents time, and the vertical axis represents voltage. FIG12 shows the change of the voltage of Bat1 and Bat2 over time during charging. In the time period 0 to t1, the LDO constant resistance balance is performed, and the voltage difference between the large and small capacity batteries continues to increase, at which time Ibat1/Ibat2>Cap1/Cap2; in the time period t1 to t2, the LDO constant resistance balance is performed, and the voltage difference between the large and small capacity batteries remains unchanged, at which time Ibat1/Ibat2＝Cap1/Cap2; the charging current is reduced at t2, and the voltage difference between the large and small capacity batteries is continuously reduced during the time period t2 to t3, at which time Ibat1/Ibat2<Cap1/Cap2, until the voltage difference between the large and small capacity batteries remains unchanged at t4, and the process of reducing the current from t2 to t3 to t4 is continuously repeated until the large and small capacity batteries are fully charged at the same time at tL.
在一些实施例中，基于上述图1和图2，本申请实施例还提供了一种电池组的均衡控制电路，如图13所示，图13为本申请实施例提供的又一种电池组的均衡控制电路的可选的示意图，电池组的均衡控制电路100还包括：充电电路80、电流采样电路70和均衡电路60；充电电路80与第一电池组200的正极连接；第一电池组200的正极通过降压电路30与电流采样电路70的第一端连接，电流采样电路70的第二端与均衡电路60的第一端连接，电流采样电路70的第三端与控制器10的第三输入端连接；均衡电路60的第二端与第二电池组300的正极连接；电流采样电路70，还被配置为在充电电路80向第一电池组200和第二电池组300充电过程中，实时监测均衡电路60的充电均衡电流，并将充电均衡电流发送至控制器10；控制器10，还被配置为在充电电路80向第一电池组200和第二电池组300开始充电时，向降压电路30发送第八控制信号；以及，当第一电量计40输出的第一电池组200的电压与第二电量计50输出的第二电池组300的电压之间的充电电压差等于第二预设阈值时，根据充电均衡电流、第一电池组200的电流和第二电池组300的电流，确定第十控制信号，并向均衡电路60发送第十控制信号；均衡电路60，还被配置为在第十控制信号的作用下，实时调节自身电阻，实现处于恒压工作状态，以均衡第一电池组200和第二电池组300的充电电流，使得充电电路80对第一电池组200和第二电池组300进行充电；降压电路30，还被配置为在第八控制信号的作用下处于工作状态，对充电电路80的充电电压进行降压后向第二电池组300充电。In some embodiments, based on the above-mentioned Figures 1 and 2, the embodiment of the present application further provides a balancing control circuit of a battery pack, as shown in Figure 13, which is an optional schematic diagram of another balancing control circuit of a battery pack provided in the embodiment of the present application. The balancing control circuit 100 of the battery pack also includes: a charging circuit 80, a current sampling circuit 70 and a balancing circuit 60; the charging circuit 80 is connected to the positive electrode of the first battery pack 200; the positive electrode of the first battery pack 200 is connected to the first end of the current sampling circuit 70 through the step-down circuit 30, the second end of the current sampling circuit 70 is connected to the first end of the balancing circuit 60, and the third end of the current sampling circuit 70 is connected to the third input end of the controller 10; the second end of the balancing circuit 60 is connected to the positive electrode of the second battery pack 300; the current sampling circuit 70 is also configured to monitor the charging balancing current of the balancing circuit 60 in real time during the charging process of the charging circuit 80 to the first battery pack 200 and the second battery pack 300, and send the charging balancing current to the controller 10; the controller 10, is also configured to send an eighth control signal to the step-down circuit 30 when the charging circuit 80 starts charging the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300; and, when the charging voltage difference between the voltage of the first battery group 200 output by the first fuel gauge 40 and the voltage of the second battery group 300 output by the second fuel gauge 50 is equal to the second preset threshold, determine the tenth control signal according to the charging equalization current, the current of the first battery group 200 and the current of the second battery group 300, and send the tenth control signal to the equalization circuit 60; the equalization circuit 60, is also configured to adjust its own resistance in real time under the action of the tenth control signal to achieve a constant voltage working state to balance the charging current of the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300, so that the charging circuit 80 charges the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300; the step-down circuit 30, is also configured to be in a working state under the action of the eighth control signal, and charge the second battery group 300 after stepping down the charging voltage of the charging circuit 80.
在本申请实施例中，控制器10的第三输出端与均衡电路60的第三控制端连接，被配置为向均衡电路60发送驱动信号。在第一电池组200的电压与第二电池组300的电压之间的充电电压差等于第二预设阈值时，控制器10控制均衡电路60处于工作状态，并在充电过程中，通过电流采样电路70实时监测充电均衡电流，根据充电均衡电流、第一电池组200的电流和第二电池组300的电流，调节均衡电路60的自身电阻，实现对充电均衡电流的实时调节，从而使均衡电路60处于恒压工作状态，此处，均衡电路60的恒定电压等于第二预设阈值的一半，第一电池组200和第二电池组300的电压升高速度相同。充电电路80一方面通过降压电路30和均衡电路60向第二电池组300充电，另一方面对第一电池组200和第二电池组300直接充电。In the embodiment of the present application, the third output terminal of the controller 10 is connected to the third control terminal of the equalization circuit 60, and is configured to send a driving signal to the equalization circuit 60. When the charging voltage difference between the voltage of the first battery group 200 and the voltage of the second battery group 300 is equal to the second preset threshold, the controller 10 controls the equalization circuit 60 to be in a working state, and during the charging process, the current sampling circuit 70 monitors the charging equalization current in real time, and adjusts the resistance of the equalization circuit 60 according to the charging equalization current, the current of the first battery group 200 and the current of the second battery group 300, so as to achieve real-time adjustment of the charging equalization current, so that the equalization circuit 60 is in a constant voltage working state, where the constant voltage of the equalization circuit 60 is equal to half of the second preset threshold, and the voltage increase speed of the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300 is the same. The charging circuit 80 charges the second battery group 300 through the step-down circuit 30 and the equalization circuit 60 on the one hand, and directly charges the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300 on the other hand.
需要说明的是，第二预设阈值可以由本领域技术人员根据均衡电路60的工作电压进行适当设置，只要是能够使得均衡电路60正常工作即可，通常情况下，以均衡电路60是双向LDO为例，双向LDO的工作电压在几十毫伏左右，例如，50mv。It should be noted that the second preset threshold can be appropriately set by a person skilled in the art according to the operating voltage of the balancing circuit 60, as long as the balancing circuit 60 can work normally. Normally, taking the balancing circuit 60 as a bidirectional LDO as an example, the operating voltage of the bidirectional LDO is around tens of millivolts, for example, 50mv.
在一些实施例中，控制器10，还被配置为当第一电池组200的充电电压达到第二临界电压时，向 均衡电路60发送第十一控制信号；其中，第二临界电压小于第一电池组200的满充电压；均衡电路60，还被配置为在第十一控制信号的作用下，再次调节自身电阻，增加充电均衡电流，实现第一电池组200和第二电池组300同时达到满充电压。In some embodiments, the controller 10 is further configured to, when the charging voltage of the first battery pack 200 reaches the second critical voltage, The balancing circuit 60 sends an eleventh control signal; wherein the second critical voltage is less than the full charge voltage of the first battery pack 200; the balancing circuit 60 is further configured to adjust its own resistance again under the action of the eleventh control signal, increase the charging balancing current, and achieve that the first battery pack 200 and the second battery pack 300 reach the full charge voltage at the same time.
在本申请实施例中，随着充电时间的增加，第一电池组200和第二电池组300的充电电压趋近于满充电压，在充电过程中，第一电池组200的电压大于第二电池组300的电压。当第一电池组200的充电电压等于第二临界电压，即接近于满充电压时。控制器10控制均衡电路60的电阻，增加充电均衡电流，打破平衡(第一电池组200和第二电池组300的电压升高速度相同)，使得第二电池组300的电压升高速度大于第一电池组200，从而使两者同时达到满充电压(也可以理解为同时满充)。In the embodiment of the present application, as the charging time increases, the charging voltages of the first battery pack 200 and the second battery pack 300 approach the full charge voltage. During the charging process, the voltage of the first battery pack 200 is greater than the voltage of the second battery pack 300. When the charging voltage of the first battery pack 200 is equal to the second critical voltage, that is, close to the full charge voltage. The controller 10 controls the resistance of the equalization circuit 60, increases the charging equalization current, breaks the balance (the voltage increase speed of the first battery pack 200 and the second battery pack 300 is the same), so that the voltage increase speed of the second battery pack 300 is greater than that of the first battery pack 200, so that both reach the full charge voltage at the same time (which can also be understood as full charging at the same time).
需要说明的是，第二临界电压可以由本领域技术人员根据满充电压进行适当设置，只要是接近于满充电压即可，以，满充电压是4V为例，第二临界电压可以设置为3.8V、3.9V等。It should be noted that the second critical voltage can be appropriately set by technical personnel in this field according to the full charge voltage, as long as it is close to the full charge voltage. Taking the full charge voltage as 4V as an example, the second critical voltage can be set to 3.8V, 3.9V, etc.
在本申请实施例中，第一电池组200和第二电池组300的满充电压和放空电压均相同，以均衡电路60和降压电路30实现均衡充电过程为例进行说明，在第一电池组200和第二电池组300开始充电时，第一电池组200与第二电池组300的充电电流相同，第一电池组200和第二电池组300均从放空电压开始升高，第一电池组200大于第二电池组300的电压升高速度；在第一电池组200和第二电池组300的充电过程中，充电电压差随时间增加，直至充电电压差等于第二预设阈值时，在第十控制信号的作用下均衡电路60处于恒压工作状态(均衡电路60相当于一个可调整电阻)。通过电流采样电路70实时监测均衡电路60的充电均衡电流，对均衡电路60对应的电阻进行实时调节，使得均衡电路60工作在恒定电压下(恒定电压为第二预设阈值的二分之一)，充电电流比值等于电池容量比值，第一电池组200和第二电池组300的电压升高速度相同；在第一电池组200的充电电压达到第二临界电压时，第二临界电压小于满充电压，再次调节均衡电路60对应的电阻，使得充电均衡电流增加，充电电流比值小于电池容量比值，实现第一电池组200和第二电池组300同时达到满充电压，从而减少电池组的电压出现不均衡的现象，提高了电池组的使用寿命。In the embodiment of the present application, the full charge voltage and the empty voltage of the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300 are the same. The balanced charging process implemented by the equalizing circuit 60 and the buck circuit 30 is taken as an example for explanation. When the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300 start to charge, the charging current of the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300 is the same, and the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300 both start to increase from the empty voltage, and the voltage increase rate of the first battery group 200 is greater than that of the second battery group 300; during the charging process of the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300, the charging voltage difference increases with time until the charging voltage difference is equal to the second preset threshold value, and under the action of the tenth control signal, the equalizing circuit 60 is in a constant voltage working state (the equalizing circuit 60 is equivalent to an adjustable resistor). The charging balancing current of the balancing circuit 60 is monitored in real time by the current sampling circuit 70, and the resistance corresponding to the balancing circuit 60 is adjusted in real time, so that the balancing circuit 60 operates at a constant voltage (the constant voltage is half of the second preset threshold value), the charging current ratio is equal to the battery capacity ratio, and the voltage increase speed of the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300 is the same; when the charging voltage of the first battery group 200 reaches the second critical voltage, the second critical voltage is less than the full charge voltage, and the resistance corresponding to the balancing circuit 60 is adjusted again, so that the charging balancing current increases, and the charging current ratio is less than the battery capacity ratio, so that the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300 reach the full charge voltage at the same time, thereby reducing the voltage imbalance of the battery group and improving the service life of the battery group.
下面，将说明本申请实施例在一个实际的应用场景中的示例性应用。The following is an explanation of an exemplary application of an embodiment of the present application in a practical application scenario.
在本申请实施例中，为便于了解均衡电路60和降压电路30在充电过程中的工作模式，以下对均衡电路60和降压电路30相互配合实现充电均衡的过程进行说明，由于此过程中负载开关20断开(负载开关20适应于放电过程)，可以相当于没有负载开关20这个元器件，如图14所示，图14为本申请实施例提供的一种充电均衡电路60的可选的结构示意图；图14中小容量Bat1表示第一电池组200、大容量Bat2表示第二电池组300，双向LDO表示均衡电路60，适配器输出电压Vin表示充电电路80的充电电压，***电压Vsys表示***电路400所需要的放电电压，在本示例中，第一电池组200的额定电压、第二电池组300的额定压和Vsys均相同，例如，电压可以设置为4V，相对应的，Vin可以设置为8V。图14中充电均衡电路60中示出了两条充电路径，一条是通过降压电路30和双向LDO向Bat2充电，一条是直接对Bat1和Bat2充电。图14中还示出了控制器10，控制器10被配置为接收流过LDO的均衡电流Ib，并根据均衡电流Ib向LDO发送驱动信号(对应于第十控制信号)，使得LDO工作在Vb恒压模式。由于在开始充电后一段时间内，Bat1的电压升高速度大于Bat2，在开启LDO之后，Bat1的电压升高速度与Bat2趋于相等，因此，在整个充电过程中，Bat1的电压Vbat1大于Bat2的电压Vbat2，即Vbat1>Vbat2。In the embodiment of the present application, in order to facilitate understanding of the working modes of the balancing circuit 60 and the buck circuit 30 during the charging process, the following describes the process in which the balancing circuit 60 and the buck circuit 30 cooperate with each other to achieve charging balancing. Since the load switch 20 is disconnected during this process (the load switch 20 is adapted to the discharge process), it can be equivalent to not having the load switch 20 as a component, as shown in FIG14 , FIG14 is an optional structural schematic diagram of a charging balancing circuit 60 provided in the embodiment of the present application; in FIG14 , the small capacity Bat1 represents the first battery pack 200, the large capacity Bat2 represents the second battery pack 300, the bidirectional LDO represents the balancing circuit 60, the adapter output voltage Vin represents the charging voltage of the charging circuit 80, and the system voltage Vsys represents the discharge voltage required by the system circuit 400. In this example, the rated voltage of the first battery pack 200, the rated voltage of the second battery pack 300 and Vsys are all the same. For example, the voltage can be set to 4V, and correspondingly, Vin can be set to 8V. In FIG14 , the charging equalization circuit 60 shows two charging paths, one is charging Bat2 through the buck circuit 30 and the bidirectional LDO, and the other is directly charging Bat1 and Bat2. FIG14 also shows a controller 10, which is configured to receive the equalization current Ib flowing through the LDO, and send a drive signal (corresponding to the tenth control signal) to the LDO according to the equalization current Ib, so that the LDO operates in the Vb constant voltage mode. Since the voltage rise rate of Bat1 is greater than that of Bat2 for a period of time after the start of charging, after the LDO is turned on, the voltage rise rate of Bat1 tends to be equal to that of Bat2. Therefore, during the entire charging process, the voltage Vbat1 of Bat1 is greater than the voltage Vbat2 of Bat2, that is, Vbat1>Vbat2.
在本申请实施例中，当适配器***时，通过充电电路80给不等容双电池串联充电，若双向LDO关闭(即，处于不工作状态)，在同样的充电电流下，小容量电池Bat1的电压升高速度大于大容量电池Bat2，则Vbat1>Vbat2。此种情况下，双向LDO开通分流，使小容量电池Bat1的充电电流小于大容量电池Bat2，从而使大小容量电池(即Bat2和Bat1)的电压保持基本相等。充电均衡的逻辑思路与放电均衡互为逆过程。在此，以第一电池组200的电流是Ibat1、第二电池组300的电流是Ibat2、第一电池组200的电压是Vbat1、第二电池组300的电压是Vbat2、第二预设阈值是Vth、第二临界电压是Vf、第一电池组200的电池容量是Cap1、第二电池组300的电池容量是Cap2、均衡电流是Ib为例，对充电时第一电池组200和第二电池组300的电压，随时间的变化情况进行说明。In the embodiment of the present application, when the adapter is inserted, the dual batteries of unequal capacity are charged in series through the charging circuit 80. If the bidirectional LDO is turned off (i.e., not working), under the same charging current, the voltage rise rate of the small-capacity battery Bat1 is greater than that of the large-capacity battery Bat2, then Vbat1>Vbat2. In this case, the bidirectional LDO is turned on to shunt, so that the charging current of the small-capacity battery Bat1 is less than that of the large-capacity battery Bat2, so that the voltages of the large and small-capacity batteries (i.e., Bat2 and Bat1) remain basically equal. The logical idea of charging balance is the inverse process of discharge balance. Here, taking the current of the first battery group 200 being Ibat1, the current of the second battery group 300 being Ibat2, the voltage of the first battery group 200 being Vbat1, the voltage of the second battery group 300 being Vbat2, the second preset threshold being Vth, the second critical voltage being Vf, the battery capacity of the first battery group 200 being Cap1, the battery capacity of the second battery group 300 being Cap2, and the balancing current being Ib as an example, how the voltages of the first battery group 200 and the second battery group 300 change over time during charging is described.
在本申请实施例中，设置一个很小的电压阈值Vth，Vth的数值可以根据双向LDO的工作电压确定，通常情况下，双向LDO工作时的电压较小，因此，Vth需要设置成一个小电压，例如，50mV。当Vbat1-Vbat2＝Vth时，开启双向LDO(即处于工作状态)。小容量电池Bat1的电池容量是Cap1，大容量电池Bat2的电池容量是Cap2，为了维持大小容量电池在充电过程中始终保持Vbat1-Vbat2＝Vth的小压差，需要保证Ibat1/Ibat2＝Cap1/Cap2，使大小容量电池的电压升高速度相同。此时，充电电路80输出电流(即，总充电电流Ich)Ich＝Ibat2，流过LDO的均衡电流Ib＝Ibat2-Ibat1，LDO两端电压为Vb＝(Vbat1+Vbat2)/2-Vbat2＝(Vbat1-Vbat2)/2＝Vth/2，本示例中LDO工作在恒压状态，相当于一个可调整电阻，LDO两端电压保持Vth/2不变。LDO恒压状态的控制方法如下：通过电流采样电路70(图14 中未示出)实时监测流过LDO的均衡电流Ib，控制器10通过闭环控制LDO驱动信号(可以理解为控制逻辑)，实现均衡电流Ib的实时调节，使得LDO工作在恒压模式。设置一个接近满充电池电压(即满充电压)的电压阈值Vf，当Vbat1＝Vf时，通过控制器10调节LDO均衡电流Ib，使Iba1/Iba2<Cap1/Cap2，大小容量电池电压压差减小直至为0，此时Bat1和Bat2刚好充满。In an embodiment of the present application, a very small voltage threshold Vth is set. The value of Vth can be determined according to the working voltage of the bidirectional LDO. Normally, the voltage of the bidirectional LDO is small when it is working. Therefore, Vth needs to be set to a small voltage, for example, 50mV. When Vbat1-Vbat2=Vth, the bidirectional LDO is turned on (i.e., in working state). The battery capacity of the small-capacity battery Bat1 is Cap1, and the battery capacity of the large-capacity battery Bat2 is Cap2. In order to maintain the small voltage difference of Vbat1-Vbat2=Vth for the large and small-capacity batteries during the charging process, it is necessary to ensure that Ibat1/Ibat2=Cap1/Cap2 so that the voltage rise rate of the large and small-capacity batteries is the same. At this time, the output current of the charging circuit 80 (i.e., the total charging current Ich) Ich = Ibat2, the balanced current flowing through the LDO Ib = Ibat2-Ibat1, and the voltage across the LDO is Vb = (Vbat1+Vbat2)/2-Vbat2 = (Vbat1-Vbat2)/2 = Vth/2. In this example, the LDO works in a constant voltage state, which is equivalent to an adjustable resistor, and the voltage across the LDO remains unchanged at Vth/2. The control method of the LDO constant voltage state is as follows: Through the current sampling circuit 70 (Figure 14 The controller 10 (not shown) monitors the balancing current Ib flowing through the LDO in real time. The controller 10 controls the LDO drive signal (which can be understood as control logic) through a closed loop to achieve real-time adjustment of the balancing current Ib, so that the LDO works in a constant voltage mode. A voltage threshold Vf close to the fully charged battery voltage (i.e., full charge voltage) is set. When Vbat1 = Vf, the LDO balancing current Ib is adjusted by the controller 10 to make Iba1/Iba2 < Cap1/Cap2, and the voltage difference between the large and small capacity batteries is reduced to 0. At this time, Bat1 and Bat2 are just fully charged.
在本申请实施例中，基于上述图14，大小容量电池整体充电曲线如图15所示，图15为本申请实施例提供的另一种电压充电曲线的可选的示意图；由于Bat1和Bat2在放空后还是会存储一部分的电压，其放空电压不为0，因此，图15中Bat1和Bat2在充电起始时电压不是从0开始的。In an embodiment of the present application, based on the above-mentioned Figure 14, the overall charging curves of large and small capacity batteries are shown in Figure 15, which is an optional schematic diagram of another voltage charging curve provided in an embodiment of the present application; since Bat1 and Bat2 still store a part of the voltage after being discharged, their empty voltage is not 0, therefore, the voltage of Bat1 and Bat2 in Figure 15 does not start from 0 at the start of charging.
在本申请实施例中，如图15所示，横坐标表示时间，纵坐标表示电压，图15中示出了在充电时Bat1和Bat2的电压随时间的变化情况，0～t1时间段LDO关闭，大小容量电池充电电流相同Ibat1＝Ibat2，Bat1的电压升高速度大于Bat2；t1～t2时间段LDO打开均衡，调节均衡电流Ib，LDO工作在恒压状态，相当于一个可调整电阻，Ibat1<Ibat2，Ibat1/Ibat2＝Cap1/Cap2，Bat1的电压升高速度和Bat2相同；t2～t3时间段LDO打开均衡，调节均衡电流Ib，Ibat1<Ibat2(相较于t1～t2时间段，Ib更大)，Ibat1/Ibat2<Cap1/Cap2，在t3时刻，Bat1和Bat2同时达到满充电压。In the embodiment of the present application, as shown in Figure 15, the horizontal axis represents time and the vertical axis represents voltage. Figure 15 shows the change of the voltage of Bat1 and Bat2 over time during charging. In the time period 0 to t1, the LDO is turned off, and the charging current of the large and small capacity batteries is the same Ibat1=Ibat2, and the voltage rise rate of Bat1 is greater than that of Bat2; in the time period t1 to t2, the LDO is turned on for balancing and adjusts the balancing current Ib. The LDO works in a constant voltage state, which is equivalent to an adjustable resistor, Ibat1<Ibat2, Ibat1/Ibat2=Cap1/Cap2, and the voltage rise rate of Bat1 is the same as that of Bat2; in the time period t2 to t3, the LDO is turned on for balancing and adjusts the balancing current Ib, Ibat1<Ibat2 (compared with the time period t1 to t2, Ib is larger), Ibat1/Ibat2<Cap1/Cap2, and at time t3, Bat1 and Bat2 reach the full charging voltage at the same time.
基于上述任一实施例所描述的电池组的均衡控制电路100，本申请实施例还提供一种终端设备，如图16所示，图16为本申请实施例提出的终端设备的可选的结构示意图，本申请实施例提出的终端设备1000包括：串联连接的第一电池组200和第二电池组300，以及上述任意一个实施例中所描述的电池组的均衡控制电路100，其中，第一电池组200小于第二电池组300的电池容量，第一电池组200与第二电池组300的满充电压和放空电压均相同，第一电池组200属于第一电芯体系，第二电池组300属于第二电芯体系；电池组的均衡控制电路100中负载开关20的第一端连接于第一电池组200与第二电池组300之间，第一电池组200的正极通过电池组的均衡控制电路100中降压电路30与负载开关20的第二端连接；电池组的均衡控制电路100，被配置为在第一电池组200和第二电池组300放电过程中，当第二电池组300的剩余电量和第一电池组200的剩余电量之间的电量差大于预设电量区间时，在第一控制信号的作用下闭合负载开关20，第二电池组300与***电路400导通；第二电池组300，被配置为向***电路400单独放电；电池组的均衡控制电路100，还被配置为当电量差位于预设电量区间时，在第三控制信号的作用下断开负载开关20，第二电池组300与***电路400断开；以及，在第二控制信号的作用下降压电路30处于工作状态；第一电池组200和第二电池组300，被配置为通过降压电路30进行降压后向***电路400放电。Based on the battery pack balancing control circuit 100 described in any of the above embodiments, the embodiment of the present application further provides a terminal device, as shown in Figure 16, which is an optional structural schematic diagram of the terminal device proposed in the embodiment of the present application. The terminal device 1000 proposed in the embodiment of the present application includes: a first battery pack 200 and a second battery pack 300 connected in series, and a battery pack balancing control circuit 100 described in any of the above embodiments, wherein the first battery pack 200 is smaller than the battery capacity of the second battery pack 300, the full charge voltage and the discharge voltage of the first battery pack 200 and the second battery pack 300 are the same, the first battery pack 200 belongs to the first battery cell system, and the second battery pack 300 belongs to the second battery cell system; the first end of the load switch 20 in the battery pack balancing control circuit 100 is connected between the first battery pack 200 and the second battery pack 300, and the positive electrode of the first battery pack 200 is connected to the positive electrode of the battery pack 200 through the battery pack balancing control circuit 100 The buck circuit 30 is connected to the second end of the load switch 20; the balancing control circuit 100 of the battery pack is configured to close the load switch 20 under the action of the first control signal, and the second battery pack 300 is connected to the system circuit 400 when the difference between the remaining power of the second battery pack 300 and the remaining power of the first battery pack 200 is greater than the preset power range during the discharge process of the first battery pack 200 and the second battery pack 300; the second battery pack 300 is configured to discharge to the system circuit 400 alone; the balancing control circuit 100 of the battery pack is also configured to disconnect the load switch 20 under the action of the third control signal when the power difference is within the preset power range, and the second battery pack 300 is disconnected from the system circuit 400; and the buck circuit 30 is in a working state under the action of the second control signal; the first battery pack 200 and the second battery pack 300 are configured to discharge to the system circuit 400 after being stepped down by the buck circuit 30.
在本申请实施例中，采用不等容且不同体系的双电池串联方案，第一电池组200采用A体系电芯(对应于第一电芯体系)，第二电池组300采用B体系电芯(对应于第二电芯体系)。终端设备1000的低温放电性能介于A体系电芯和B体系电芯中最弱的温放电性能和最强的低温放电性能之间；终端设备1000的能量密度介于A体系电芯和B体系电芯中最低的能量密度和最高的能量密度之间。In the embodiment of the present application, a dual-battery series scheme of unequal capacity and different systems is adopted, the first battery pack 200 adopts the A system battery (corresponding to the first battery system), and the second battery pack 300 adopts the B system battery (corresponding to the second battery system). The low-temperature discharge performance of the terminal device 1000 is between the weakest warm discharge performance and the strongest low-temperature discharge performance of the A system battery and the B system battery; the energy density of the terminal device 1000 is between the lowest energy density and the highest energy density of the A system battery and the B system battery.
在本申请实施例中，在第一电池组200和第二电池组300放电过程中，通过电池组的均衡控制电路100，当第二电池组300和第一电池组200的两者剩余电量之差大于预设电量区间时，闭合负载开关20，第二电池组300与***电路400导通；第二电池组300可以向***电路400单独放电。当电量差位于预设电量区间时，断开负载开关20，第二电池组300与***电路400断开；并控制降压电路30处于工作状态；第一电池组200和第二电池组300串联后电压通过降压电路30进行降压后向***电路400放电，从而完成整个放电过程。本方案中负载开关20仅起到通断作用，没有其他元器件，电路能量损耗较少，相较于通过均衡电路60和降压电路30的均衡放电方式，降低了不等容且不同体系的双电池的放电损耗，提高了终端设备的续航能力。根据剩余电量判断负载开关20的通断时机，前半段时间通过负载开关20单独放电，当两者剩余电量接近时，后半段时间通过降压电路30串联放电，提高了不等容且不同体系的双电池的放电效率。In the embodiment of the present application, during the discharge process of the first battery pack 200 and the second battery pack 300, through the battery pack balancing control circuit 100, when the difference between the remaining power of the second battery pack 300 and the first battery pack 200 is greater than the preset power range, the load switch 20 is closed, and the second battery pack 300 is connected to the system circuit 400; the second battery pack 300 can be discharged to the system circuit 400 alone. When the power difference is in the preset power range, the load switch 20 is turned off, and the second battery pack 300 is disconnected from the system circuit 400; and the buck circuit 30 is controlled to be in a working state; after the first battery pack 200 and the second battery pack 300 are connected in series, the voltage is stepped down by the buck circuit 30 and then discharged to the system circuit 400, thereby completing the entire discharge process. In this solution, the load switch 20 only plays a switching role, and there are no other components, and the circuit energy loss is less. Compared with the balanced discharge method through the balancing circuit 60 and the buck circuit 30, the discharge loss of dual batteries of unequal capacity and different systems is reduced, and the endurance of the terminal equipment is improved. The on/off timing of the load switch 20 is determined according to the remaining power. The load switch 20 is used for discharge alone in the first half of the time. When the remaining power of the two batteries is close, the step-down circuit 30 is used for series discharge in the second half of the time, thereby improving the discharge efficiency of dual batteries of unequal capacity and different systems.
示例性的，A体系电芯(对应于第一电芯体系)可以包括：硅负极体系电芯、石墨负极体系电芯和锂金属体系电芯，A体系电芯各自的倍率体系均包括：0.5C、0.7C、0.9C、1C、1.5C、2C、2.5C、3C、3.5C、4C、4.5C、5C、5.5C、6C、6.5C、7C、7.5C、8C、8.5C、9C、9.5C、10C、10.5C、11C、11.5C、12C、12.5C、13C、13.5C、14C、14.5C、15C。B体系电芯可以包括：硅负极体系电芯、石墨负极体系电芯、锂金属体系电芯，B体系电芯各自的倍率体系均包括：0.5C、0.7C、0.9C、1C、1.5C、2C、2.5C、3C、3.5C、4C、4.5C、5C、5.5C、6C、6.5C、7C、7.5C、8C、8.5C、9C、9.5C、10C、10.5C、11C、11.5C、12C、12.5C、13C、13.5C、14C、14.5C、15C。第一电池组200和第二电池组300采用A体系电芯和B体系电芯之中不同体系的电芯组合。倍率C表示电池充/放电能力倍率，倍率C与充/放电电流呈正比，充放电倍率＝充放电电流/额定容量，充/放电电流越大，倍率越大。Exemplarily, the A system battery cells (corresponding to the first battery cell system) may include: silicon negative electrode system battery cells, graphite negative electrode system battery cells and lithium metal system battery cells, and the rate systems of the A system battery cells include: 0.5C, 0.7C, 0.9C, 1C, 1.5C, 2C, 2.5C, 3C, 3.5C, 4C, 4.5C, 5C, 5.5C, 6C, 6.5C, 7C, 7.5C, 8C, 8.5C, 9C, 9.5C, 10C, 10.5C, 11C, 11.5C, 12C, 12.5C, 13C, 13.5C, 14C, 14.5C, and 15C. The B-system battery cells may include: silicon negative electrode system battery cells, graphite negative electrode system battery cells, and lithium metal system battery cells. The rate systems of the B-system battery cells include: 0.5C, 0.7C, 0.9C, 1C, 1.5C, 2C, 2.5C, 3C, 3.5C, 4C, 4.5C, 5C, 5.5C, 6C, 6.5C, 7C, 7.5C, 8C, 8.5C, 9C, 9.5C, 10C, 10.5C, 11C, 11.5C, 12C, 12.5C, 13C, 13.5C, 14C, 14.5C, and 15C. The first battery pack 200 and the second battery pack 300 use a combination of different systems of the A-system battery cells and the B-system battery cells. The rate C indicates the battery charge/discharge capacity rate. The rate C is proportional to the charge/discharge current. The charge/discharge rate = charge/discharge current/rated capacity. The larger the charge/discharge current, the greater the rate.
在本申请实施例中，能量密度(Energy density)表征在单位一定的空间或质量物质中储存能量的大小。电池的能量密度也就是电池平均单位体积或质量所释放出的电能。电池的放电能力会受到低温条件 的影响，低温放电能力表征电池在规定温度(例如，0℃以下，或者-20℃或-30℃)的环境中使用时的性能，温度越低放电能力越弱。低温放电能力可以通过以下方式度量，电池在常温条件下充满电后，在规定温度的环境中，按照规定的电流放电到终止电压所能放出的容量，与在常温下所释放出的容量的比值。In the present application, energy density refers to the amount of energy stored in a certain unit of space or mass. The energy density of a battery is the amount of electrical energy released per unit volume or mass of the battery. The discharge capacity of a battery is affected by low temperature conditions. The low-temperature discharge capacity characterizes the performance of the battery when used in an environment with a specified temperature (for example, below 0°C, or -20°C or -30°C). The lower the temperature, the weaker the discharge capacity. The low-temperature discharge capacity can be measured by the following method: after the battery is fully charged at room temperature, the ratio of the capacity that can be discharged at the specified current to the termination voltage in an environment with a specified temperature to the capacity released at room temperature.
在本申请实施例中，终端设备1000中电池组的均衡控制电路100不仅可以实现均衡放电过程，还可以实现均衡充电过程。如图17所示，图17为本申请实施例提供的一种终端设备中的不等容电池充/放电均衡电路的可选的结构示意图，图17中提供的不等容电池充/放电均衡电路中小容量Bat1表示第一电池组200、大容量Bat2表示第二电池组300，双向LDO表示均衡电路60，适配器输出电压Vin表示充电电路80的充电电压，***电压Vsys表示***电路400所需要的放电电压，本方案采用两个容量不相等的单电芯电池，小容量电池置于高端，大容量电池置于低端，小容量电池负极与大容量电池正极相连。当适配器接入时，通过充电电路80给双电池串联充电，小容量电池通过降压电路30和双向LDO给大容量电池均衡充电，从而保证大小电池同时充满；当适配器断开时，串联双电池通过降压电路30按2:1降压给***供电，大容量电池通过降压电路30和双向LDO给小容量电池均衡充电，从而保证大小容量电池同时放空。图17中未示出负载开关20，图17中的双向LDO和降压电路30可以在充电和放电过程中实现电流均衡，具体过程可参考上述图4-图15，在此不再赘述。图17中也可以增加负载开关20，通过负载开关20的通断以及双向LDO和降压电路30实现充电和放电时的电流均衡，具体过程可参考上述图1-图3，在此不再赘述。In the embodiment of the present application, the equalization control circuit 100 of the battery pack in the terminal device 1000 can not only realize the equalization discharge process, but also realize the equalization charging process. As shown in Figure 17, Figure 17 is an optional structural schematic diagram of an unequal capacity battery charge/discharge equalization circuit in a terminal device provided in an embodiment of the present application. In the unequal capacity battery charge/discharge equalization circuit provided in Figure 17, the small capacity Bat1 represents the first battery pack 200, the large capacity Bat2 represents the second battery pack 300, the bidirectional LDO represents the equalization circuit 60, the adapter output voltage Vin represents the charging voltage of the charging circuit 80, and the system voltage Vsys represents the discharge voltage required by the system circuit 400. This solution uses two single-cell batteries with unequal capacities, the small capacity battery is placed at the high end, the large capacity battery is placed at the low end, and the negative electrode of the small capacity battery is connected to the positive electrode of the large capacity battery. When the adapter is connected, the dual batteries are charged in series through the charging circuit 80, and the small-capacity battery charges the large-capacity battery evenly through the buck circuit 30 and the bidirectional LDO, thereby ensuring that the large and small batteries are fully charged at the same time; when the adapter is disconnected, the dual batteries in series are powered by the buck circuit 30 at a 2:1 step-down to supply power to the system, and the large-capacity battery charges the small-capacity battery evenly through the buck circuit 30 and the bidirectional LDO, thereby ensuring that the large and small batteries are discharged at the same time. The load switch 20 is not shown in FIG. 17. The bidirectional LDO and the buck circuit 30 in FIG. 17 can achieve current balancing during the charging and discharging process. For the specific process, please refer to FIG. 4-FIG. 15 above, which will not be described in detail here. A load switch 20 can also be added to FIG. 17, and the current balancing during charging and discharging can be achieved by turning on and off the load switch 20 and the bidirectional LDO and the buck circuit 30. For the specific process, please refer to FIG. 1-FIG. 3 above, which will not be described in detail here.
本申请实施例提供的电池组的均衡控制电路100，能够最大化利用具有折叠屏形态或者异型电池仓的终端设备的结构空间，增大终端设备的电池容量，从而提高终端设备的续航能力。通过提出的适用于容量不同的串联电池充电和放电主动均衡架构，能够满足具有折叠屏形态或者异型电池仓手机的结构空间要求，提高终端设备设计的灵活性。The battery pack balancing control circuit 100 provided in the embodiment of the present application can maximize the use of the structural space of a terminal device with a folding screen or a special-shaped battery compartment, increase the battery capacity of the terminal device, and thus improve the endurance of the terminal device. The proposed active balancing architecture for charging and discharging series batteries with different capacities can meet the structural space requirements of mobile phones with folding screens or special-shaped battery compartments, thereby improving the flexibility of terminal device design.
在一些实施例中，第一电芯体系是石墨负极体系，第二电芯体系是硅负极体系。In some embodiments, the first battery cell system is a graphite negative electrode system, and the second battery cell system is a silicon negative electrode system.
在本申请实施例中，由于第一电池组200和第二电池组300的电池容量不同，所以第一电池组200和第二电池组300的形状也可以不同，均可以是异型电池。本申请实施例提供的异型不等容电池混合串联的方案中，第一电池组200和第二电池组300的电池容量不同，所属的电芯体系也不同。示例性的，第一电池组200采用5C石墨负极体系电芯，电池容量为2000mAh，第二电池组300采用5C硅负极体系电芯，电池容量为2800mAh。由于石墨负极比硅负极有着更好的低温放电性能，因此，相比第一电池组200和第二电池组300均采用硅负极体系电芯的方案，这种混合串联的方式有着更好的低温放电性能。由于硅负极比石墨负极有着更高的能量密度，因此相比第一电池组200和第二电池组300均采用石墨负极体系电芯的方案，这种混合串联的方式有着更高的能量密度。当然不同的组合方式有着不同的好处，在此不再赘述，只要是采用混合串联的技术方案均在本申请实施例的保护范围内。In the embodiment of the present application, since the battery capacities of the first battery pack 200 and the second battery pack 300 are different, the shapes of the first battery pack 200 and the second battery pack 300 may also be different, and both may be special-shaped batteries. In the scheme of hybrid series connection of special-shaped unequal-capacity batteries provided in the embodiment of the present application, the battery capacities of the first battery pack 200 and the second battery pack 300 are different, and the battery cell systems they belong to are also different. Exemplarily, the first battery pack 200 adopts a 5C graphite negative electrode system battery cell with a battery capacity of 2000mAh, and the second battery pack 300 adopts a 5C silicon negative electrode system battery cell with a battery capacity of 2800mAh. Since the graphite negative electrode has better low-temperature discharge performance than the silicon negative electrode, this hybrid series connection method has better low-temperature discharge performance than the solution in which both the first battery pack 200 and the second battery pack 300 adopt the silicon negative electrode system battery cell. Since the silicon negative electrode has a higher energy density than the graphite negative electrode, this hybrid series connection method has a higher energy density than the solution in which both the first battery pack 200 and the second battery pack 300 adopt the graphite negative electrode system battery cell. Of course, different combinations have different advantages, which will not be elaborated here. As long as a hybrid series technical solution is adopted, it is within the protection scope of the embodiments of this application.
在本申请实施例中，大容量电池(即第二电池组300)采用硅负极体系，小容量电池(即第一电池组200)采用石墨负极体系。硅负极体系比石墨负极体系能量密度高，但低温性能差，相比于两个电池都采用石墨负极体系的双电芯串联方案，此混合方法可有效提高了组合电池的能量密度。相比于两个电池都采用硅负极体系的双电芯串联方案，提高了组合电池的低温放电性能。In the embodiment of the present application, the large-capacity battery (i.e., the second battery pack 300) adopts a silicon negative electrode system, and the small-capacity battery (i.e., the first battery pack 200) adopts a graphite negative electrode system. The silicon negative electrode system has a higher energy density than the graphite negative electrode system, but has poor low-temperature performance. Compared with the dual-cell series connection scheme in which both batteries adopt the graphite negative electrode system, this hybrid method can effectively improve the energy density of the combined battery. Compared with the dual-cell series connection scheme in which both batteries adopt the silicon negative electrode system, the low-temperature discharge performance of the combined battery is improved.
本申请实施例提供了一种电池组的均衡控制方法，该电池组的均衡控制方法应用于上述任一实施例描述的电池组的均衡控制电路100，如图18所示，图18为本申请实施例提供的一种电池组的均衡控制方法的可选的步骤流程图，电池组的均衡控制方法包括以下步骤：The embodiment of the present application provides a battery pack balancing control method, which is applied to the battery pack balancing control circuit 100 described in any of the above embodiments, as shown in FIG18 , which is an optional step flow chart of a battery pack balancing control method provided by the embodiment of the present application, and the battery pack balancing control method includes the following steps:
S101、在第一电池组和第二电池组放电过程中，当获取的第二电池组的剩余电量和获取的第一电池组的剩余电量之间的电量差大于预设电量区间时，在第一控制信号的作用下闭合负载开关，使得第二电池组向***电路单独放电；其中，第二电池组与第一电池组串联连接，第一电池组的电池容量小于第二电池组的电池容量。S101. During the discharge process of the first battery group and the second battery group, when the difference between the remaining power of the second battery group and the remaining power of the first battery group is greater than a preset power range, the load switch is closed under the action of the first control signal, so that the second battery group discharges separately to the system circuit; wherein the second battery group is connected in series with the first battery group, and the battery capacity of the first battery group is smaller than the battery capacity of the second battery group.
S102、当电量差位于预设电量区间时，在第二控制信号的作用下降压电路处于工作状态。S102: When the power difference is within a preset power interval, the step-down circuit is in operation under the action of the second control signal.
S103、通过降压电路对第一电池组和第二电池组串联后的电压进行降压后向***电路放电。S103, using a step-down circuit to step down the voltage of the first battery pack and the second battery pack connected in series, and then discharge the voltage to the system circuit.
在一些实施例中，该电池组的均衡控制方法还包括以下步骤：当电量差位于预设电量区间时，在第三控制信号的作用下，负载开关由闭合变为断开。In some embodiments, the battery pack balancing control method further includes the following steps: when the power difference is within a preset power interval, under the action of a third control signal, the load switch changes from closed to open.
根据本申请实施例提供的方案，该电池组的均衡控制方法包括：在第一电池组和第二电池组放电过程中，当获取的第二电池组的剩余电量和获取的第一电池组的剩余电量之间的电量差大于预设电量区间时，在第一控制信号的作用下闭合负载开关，第二电池组与***电路导通，使得第二电池组向***电路单独放电；其中，第二电池组与第一电池组串联连接，第一电池组的电池容量小于第二电池组的电池容量。在开始放电或放电过程中，在第二电池组和第一电池组两者剩余电量相差大于预设电量区间时，第二电池组直接通过负载开关向***电路放电，也就是将大容量的电池组进行单独放电，负载开关仅起到 通断作用，没有其他元器件，电路能量损耗较少。当电量差位于预设电量区间时，在第三控制信号的作用下，负载开关由闭合变为断开，实现第二电池组与***电路断开；以及，在第二控制信号的作用下降压电路处于工作状态；通过降压电路对第一电池组和第二电池组串联后的电压进行降压后向***电路放电。在两者剩余电量相差在预设电量区间时，断开负载开关，通过处于工作状态的降压电路进行降压后供电，从而完成整个放电过程。相较于通过均衡电路和降压电路的均衡放电方式，降低了放电损耗，提高了终端设备的续航能力。According to the solution provided in the embodiment of the present application, the balancing control method of the battery pack includes: during the discharge process of the first battery pack and the second battery pack, when the difference between the remaining power of the second battery pack and the remaining power of the first battery pack is greater than a preset power range, the load switch is closed under the action of the first control signal, and the second battery pack is connected to the system circuit, so that the second battery pack discharges separately to the system circuit; wherein the second battery pack is connected in series with the first battery pack, and the battery capacity of the first battery pack is smaller than the battery capacity of the second battery pack. At the beginning of discharge or during discharge, when the difference between the remaining power of the second battery pack and the first battery pack is greater than the preset power range, the second battery pack directly discharges to the system circuit through the load switch, that is, the large-capacity battery pack is discharged separately, and the load switch only serves to The on-off function has no other components, and the circuit energy loss is relatively low. When the power difference is in the preset power range, under the action of the third control signal, the load switch changes from closed to open, so that the second battery pack is disconnected from the system circuit; and, under the action of the second control signal, the step-down circuit is in a working state; the voltage of the first battery pack and the second battery pack connected in series is stepped down by the step-down circuit and then discharged to the system circuit. When the difference in the remaining power between the two is in the preset power range, the load switch is turned off, and the step-down circuit in the working state is used to step down the voltage and then supply power, thereby completing the entire discharge process. Compared with the balanced discharge method through the balancing circuit and the step-down circuit, the discharge loss is reduced and the endurance of the terminal equipment is improved.
在一些实施例中，上述S101中的剩余电量可以通过以下方式获得。根据第一电池组的电池容量、第一电池组的放电电流和第一放电时间确定第一电池组的剩余电量；根据第二电池组的电池容量、第二电池组的放电电流和第二放电时间确定第二电池组的剩余电量。In some embodiments, the remaining power in the above S101 can be obtained in the following manner: determining the remaining power of the first battery group according to the battery capacity of the first battery group, the discharge current of the first battery group, and the first discharge time; determining the remaining power of the second battery group according to the battery capacity of the second battery group, the discharge current of the second battery group, and the second discharge time.
在一些实施例中，该电池组的均衡控制方法还可以包括以下步骤。当电量差大于预设电量区间时，在第四控制信号的作用下均衡电路处于恒阻工作状态，以均衡第一电池组和第二电池组的放电电流，使得第二电池组通过均衡电路向***电路放电；在第五控制信号的作用下降压电路处于工作状态，对第一电池组和第二电池组串联后的电压进行降压后向***电路放电。In some embodiments, the battery pack balancing control method may further include the following steps: When the power difference is greater than a preset power range, the balancing circuit is in a constant resistance working state under the action of a fourth control signal to balance the discharge current of the first battery pack and the second battery pack, so that the second battery pack discharges to the system circuit through the balancing circuit; and the step-down circuit is in a working state under the action of a fifth control signal to step down the voltage after the first battery pack and the second battery pack are connected in series and then discharge to the system circuit.
在一些实施例中，该电池组的均衡控制方法还可以包括以下步骤。在第一电池组和第二电池组放电过程中，实时监测均衡电路的放电均衡电流；当电量差大于预设电量区间、且第一电池组的电压与第二电池组的电压之间的放电电压差等于第一预设阈值时，根据放电均衡电流、第一电池组的电流和第二电池组的电流，确定第六控制信号；在第六控制信号的作用下，对均衡电路对应的电阻进行实时调节，使得均衡电路处于恒压工作状态，以均衡第一电池组和第二电池组的放电电流，使得第二电池组通过均衡电路向***电路放电；当电量差大于预设电量区间时，在第五控制信号的作用下降压电路处于工作状态，对第一电池组和第二电池组串联后的电压进行降压后向***电路放电。In some embodiments, the battery pack balancing control method may further include the following steps. During the discharge process of the first battery pack and the second battery pack, the discharge balancing current of the balancing circuit is monitored in real time; when the power difference is greater than the preset power range, and the discharge voltage difference between the voltage of the first battery pack and the voltage of the second battery pack is equal to the first preset threshold, a sixth control signal is determined according to the discharge balancing current, the current of the first battery pack and the current of the second battery pack; under the action of the sixth control signal, the resistance corresponding to the balancing circuit is adjusted in real time, so that the balancing circuit is in a constant voltage working state, so as to balance the discharge current of the first battery pack and the second battery pack, so that the second battery pack discharges to the system circuit through the balancing circuit; when the power difference is greater than the preset power range, the step-down circuit is in a working state under the action of the fifth control signal, and the voltage after the first battery pack and the second battery pack are connected in series is stepped down and then discharged to the system circuit.
在一些实施例中，当第一电池组的放电电压等于第一临界电压时，在第七控制信号的作用下，再次对均衡电路对应的电阻进行调节，增加放电均衡电流，实现第一电池组和第二电池组同时达到放空电压；其中，第一临界电压大于第一电池组的放空电压。In some embodiments, when the discharge voltage of the first battery group is equal to the first critical voltage, under the action of the seventh control signal, the resistance corresponding to the balancing circuit is adjusted again to increase the discharge balancing current so that the first battery group and the second battery group reach the discharge voltage at the same time; wherein the first critical voltage is greater than the discharge voltage of the first battery group.
在一些实施例中，该电池组的均衡控制方法还包括充电过程，充电过程包括以下步骤。在充电电路向第一电池组和第二电池组开始充电时，在第八控制信号的作用下均衡电路处于恒阻工作状态，以均衡第一电池组和第二电池组的充电电流；在第九控制信号的作用下降压电路处于工作状态，对充电电路的充电电压进行降压后向第二电池组充电。In some embodiments, the battery pack balancing control method further includes a charging process, and the charging process includes the following steps: When the charging circuit starts to charge the first battery pack and the second battery pack, the balancing circuit is in a constant resistance working state under the action of the eighth control signal to balance the charging current of the first battery pack and the second battery pack; under the action of the ninth control signal, the step-down circuit is in a working state, and the charging voltage of the charging circuit is stepped down before charging the second battery pack.
在一些实施例中，该电池组的均衡控制方法还包括充电过程，充电过程包括以下步骤。在充电电路向第一电池组和第二电池组的充电过程中，实时监测均衡电路的充电均衡电流；当第一电池组的电压与第二电池组的电压之间的充电电压差等于第二预设阈值时，根据充电均衡电流、第一电池组的电流和第二电池组的电流，确定第十控制信号；在第十控制信号的作用下，对均衡电路对应的电阻进行实时调节，使得均衡电路处于恒压工作状态，以均衡第一电池组和第二电池组的充电电流；在第九控制信号的作用下降压电路处于工作状态，对充电电路的充电电压进行降压后向第二电池组充电。In some embodiments, the battery pack balancing control method also includes a charging process, and the charging process includes the following steps. In the process of charging the first battery pack and the second battery pack by the charging circuit, the charging balancing current of the balancing circuit is monitored in real time; when the charging voltage difference between the voltage of the first battery pack and the voltage of the second battery pack is equal to the second preset threshold, the tenth control signal is determined according to the charging balancing current, the current of the first battery pack and the current of the second battery pack; under the action of the tenth control signal, the resistance corresponding to the balancing circuit is adjusted in real time, so that the balancing circuit is in a constant voltage working state to balance the charging current of the first battery pack and the second battery pack; under the action of the ninth control signal, the step-down circuit is in a working state, and the charging voltage of the charging circuit is stepped down before charging the second battery pack.
在一些实施例中，当第一电池组的充电电压达到第二临界电压时，在第十一控制信号的作用下，再次对均衡电路对应的电阻进行调节，增加充电均衡电流，实现第一电池组和第二电池组同时达到满充电压；其中，第二临界电压小于第一电池组的满充电压。In some embodiments, when the charging voltage of the first battery group reaches the second critical voltage, under the action of the eleventh control signal, the resistance corresponding to the balancing circuit is adjusted again to increase the charging balancing current, so that the first battery group and the second battery group can reach the full charging voltage at the same time; wherein the second critical voltage is less than the full charging voltage of the first battery group.
需要说明的是，本申请实施例提供的电池组的均衡控制方法可以由以上任一实施例所描述的电池组的均衡控制电路执行，上述实施例提供的电池组的均衡控制方法与电池组的均衡控制电路实施例属于同一构思，其具体实现过程及有益效果详见电路实施例，这里不再赘述。对于本方法实施例中未披露的技术细节，请参照本申请电路实施例的描述而理解。It should be noted that the battery pack balancing control method provided in the embodiment of the present application can be executed by the battery pack balancing control circuit described in any of the above embodiments. The battery pack balancing control method provided in the above embodiments and the battery pack balancing control circuit embodiment belong to the same concept. The specific implementation process and beneficial effects thereof are detailed in the circuit embodiment, which will not be described in detail here. For technical details not disclosed in the embodiment of the method, please refer to the description of the circuit embodiment of the present application for understanding.
本申请实施例提供一种计算机可读存储介质，存储有计算机程序，用于被处理器执行时实现如上任一实施例所述的电池组的均衡控制方法。An embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program for implementing the battery pack balancing control method as described in any of the above embodiments when executed by a processor.
示例性的，本申请实施例中的一种电池组的均衡控制方法对应的程序指令可以被存储在光盘，硬盘，U盘等存储介质上，当存储介质中的与一种电池组的均衡控制方法对应的程序指令被一电子设备读取或被执行时，可以实现如上述任一实施例所述的电池组的均衡控制方法。Exemplarily, program instructions corresponding to a battery pack balancing control method in an embodiment of the present application may be stored on a storage medium such as a CD, a hard disk, or a USB flash drive. When the program instructions corresponding to a battery pack balancing control method in the storage medium are read or executed by an electronic device, the battery pack balancing control method described in any of the above embodiments may be implemented.
本领域内的技术人员应明白，本申请实施例可提供为方法、***、或计算机程序产品。因此，本申请可采用硬件实施例、软件实施例、或结合软件和硬件方面的实施例的形式。而且，本申请可采用在一个或多个其中包含有计算机可用程序代码的计算机可用存储介质(包括但不限于磁盘存储器和光学存储器等)上实施的计算机程序产品的形式。Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments of the present application may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present application may adopt the form of hardware embodiments, software embodiments, or embodiments in combination with software and hardware. Moreover, the present application may adopt the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage and optical storage, etc.) that contain computer-usable program code.
本申请是参照根据本申请实施例的方法、设备(***)、和计算机程序产品的实现流程示意图和/或方框图来描述的。应理解可由计算机程序指令实现流程示意图和/或方框图中的每一流程和/或方框、以及实现流程示意图和/或方框图中的流程和/或方框的结合。可提供这些计算机程序指令到通用计算机、 专用计算机、嵌入式处理机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器以产生一个机器，使得通过计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器执行的指令产生用于实现在实现流程示意图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的装置。The present application is described with reference to the implementation flowcharts and/or block diagrams of the methods, devices (systems), and computer program products according to the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that each process and/or block in the flowchart and/or block diagram, as well as the combination of processes and/or blocks in the flowchart and/or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a general-purpose computer, A processor of a special-purpose computer, an embedded processing machine or other programmable data processing device is used to produce a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device produce a device for implementing the functions specified in one or more processes in the flowchart and/or one or more blocks in the block diagram.
这些计算机程序指令也可存储在能引导计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备以特定方式工作的计算机可读存储器中，使得存储在该计算机可读存储器中的指令产生包括指令装置的制造品，该指令装置实现在实现流程示意图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能。These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce a manufactured product including an instruction device that implements the functions specified in implementing one or more processes in the flowchart and/or one or more boxes in the block diagram.
这些计算机程序指令也可装载到计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备上，使得在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行一系列操作步骤以产生计算机实现的处理，从而在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行的指令提供用于实现在实现流程示意图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的步骤。These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operational steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, whereby the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable device provide steps for implementing the functions specified in one or more processes in the flowchart and/or one or more boxes in the block diagram.
以上所述，仅为本申请的较佳实施例而已，并非用于限定本申请的保护范围。The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the protection scope of the present application.
工业实用性Industrial Applicability
本申请实施例公开了一种电池组的均衡控制电路、方法和终端设备。包括：控制器、负载开关和降压电路；负载开关的第一端连接于串联连接的第一电池组与第二电池组之间，负载开关的第二端与***电路连接，第一电池组通过降压电路与负载开关的第二端连接；在放电过程中，当第一电池组的剩余电量和第二电池组的剩余电量的电量差大于预设电量区间时，控制器向负载开关发送第一控制信号；负载开关闭合，第二电池组单独向***电路放电；当电量差位于预设电量区间时，控制器向降压电路发送第二控制信号；降压电路处于工作状态，对第一电池组和第二电池组串联后的电压进行降压后向***电路放电。在开始放电或放电过程中，在第二电池组和第一电池组两者剩余电量相差大于预设电量区间时，控制第二电池组直接通过负载开关向***电路放电，也就是将大容量的电池组进行单独放电，并在两者剩余电量相差在预设电量区间时，断开负载开关，通过处于工作状态的降压电路进行降压后供电，从而完成整个放电过程。负载开关仅起到通断作用，没有其他元器件，电路能量损耗较少，相较于通过均衡电路和降压电路的均衡放电方式，降低了放电损耗，提高了终端设备的续航能力。 The embodiment of the present application discloses a battery pack balancing control circuit, method and terminal device. It includes: a controller, a load switch and a buck circuit; the first end of the load switch is connected between the first battery pack and the second battery pack connected in series, the second end of the load switch is connected to the system circuit, and the first battery pack is connected to the second end of the load switch through the buck circuit; during the discharge process, when the difference between the remaining power of the first battery pack and the remaining power of the second battery pack is greater than the preset power interval, the controller sends a first control signal to the load switch; the load switch is closed, and the second battery pack is discharged to the system circuit alone; when the power difference is in the preset power interval, the controller sends a second control signal to the buck circuit; the buck circuit is in a working state, and the voltage of the first battery pack and the second battery pack connected in series is reduced and then discharged to the system circuit. At the beginning of discharge or during discharge, when the difference between the remaining power of the second battery pack and the first battery pack is greater than the preset power interval, the second battery pack is controlled to discharge directly to the system circuit through the load switch, that is, the large-capacity battery pack is discharged alone, and when the difference between the remaining power of the two is in the preset power interval, the load switch is disconnected, and the buck circuit in the working state is used to reduce the voltage and then supply power, thereby completing the entire discharge process. The load switch only plays a switching role, and there are no other components. The circuit energy loss is less. Compared with the balanced discharge method through the balancing circuit and the step-down circuit, the discharge loss is reduced and the endurance of the terminal equipment is improved.

Claims (18)

  1. 一种电池组的均衡控制电路，所述电池组的均衡控制电路包括：控制器、负载开关和降压电路；所述电池组包括串联连接的第一电池组和第二电池组，所述第一电池组的电池容量小于所述第二电池组的电池容量；A balancing control circuit for a battery pack, the balancing control circuit for the battery pack comprising: a controller, a load switch and a step-down circuit; the battery pack comprises a first battery pack and a second battery pack connected in series, the battery capacity of the first battery pack being smaller than the battery capacity of the second battery pack;
    所述负载开关的第一端连接于所述第一电池组与所述第二电池组之间，所述负载开关的第二端与***电路连接，所述第一电池组通过所述降压电路与所述负载开关的第二端连接；The first end of the load switch is connected between the first battery pack and the second battery pack, the second end of the load switch is connected to the system circuit, and the first battery pack is connected to the second end of the load switch through the step-down circuit;
    所述控制器，被配置为在所述第一电池组和所述第二电池组放电过程中，当获取的所述第二电池组的剩余电量和获取的所述第一电池组的剩余电量之间的电量差大于预设电量区间时，向所述负载开关发送第一控制信号；The controller is configured to send a first control signal to the load switch when a power difference between the acquired remaining power of the second battery pack and the acquired remaining power of the first battery pack is greater than a preset power range during the discharge process of the first battery pack and the second battery pack;
    所述负载开关，被配置为在所述第一控制信号的作用下闭合，使得所述第二电池组向所述***电路单独放电；The load switch is configured to be closed under the action of the first control signal so that the second battery pack discharges independently to the system circuit;
    所述控制器，还被配置为当所述电量差位于所述预设电量区间时，向所述降压电路发送第二控制信号；The controller is further configured to send a second control signal to the step-down circuit when the power difference is within the preset power interval;
    所述降压电路，被配置为在所述第二控制信号的作用下处于工作状态，对所述第一电池组和所述第二电池组串联后的电压进行降压后向所述***电路放电。The step-down circuit is configured to be in a working state under the action of the second control signal, and to step down the voltage of the first battery group and the second battery group connected in series and then discharge it to the system circuit.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池组的均衡控制电路，其中，The balancing control circuit of the battery pack according to claim 1, wherein:
    所述控制器，还被配置为当所述电量差位于所述预设电量区间时，向所述负载开关发送第三控制信号；The controller is further configured to send a third control signal to the load switch when the power difference is within the preset power interval;
    所述负载开关，还被配置为在所述第三控制信号的作用下由闭合变为断开。The load switch is further configured to change from closed to open under the action of the third control signal.
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的电池组的均衡控制电路，其中，所述电池组的均衡控制电路还包括：第一电量计和第二电量计；The balancing control circuit of the battery pack according to claim 1, wherein the balancing control circuit of the battery pack further comprises: a first fuel gauge and a second fuel gauge;
    所述第一电量计的两个测量端分别与所述第一电池组的正极和负极连接，所述第一电量计的输出端与所述控制器的第一输入端连接；所述第二电量计的两个测量端分别与所述第二电池组的正极和负极连接，所述第二电量计的输出端与所述控制器的第二输入端连接；The two measuring terminals of the first fuel gauge are respectively connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the first battery pack, and the output terminal of the first fuel gauge is connected to the first input terminal of the controller; the two measuring terminals of the second fuel gauge are respectively connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the second battery pack, and the output terminal of the second fuel gauge is connected to the second input terminal of the controller;
    所述第一电量计，被配置为向所述控制器输出所述第一电池组的放电电流；The first fuel gauge is configured to output a discharge current of the first battery pack to the controller;
    所述第二电量计，被配置为向所述控制器输出所述第二电池组的放电电流；The second fuel gauge is configured to output a discharge current of the second battery pack to the controller;
    所述控制器，还被配置为根据所述第一电池组的电池容量、所述第一电池组的放电电流和第一放电时间确定所述第一电池组的剩余电量，以及，根据所述第二电池组的电池容量、所述第二电池组的放电电流和第二放电时间确定所述第二电池组的剩余电量。The controller is further configured to determine the remaining power of the first battery group based on the battery capacity of the first battery group, the discharge current of the first battery group and the first discharge time, and to determine the remaining power of the second battery group based on the battery capacity of the second battery group, the discharge current of the second battery group and the second discharge time.
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的电池组的均衡控制电路，其中，所述电池组的均衡控制电路还包括：均衡电路；The balancing control circuit of the battery pack according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the balancing control circuit of the battery pack further comprises: a balancing circuit;
    所述第一电池组的正极通过所述降压电路与所述均衡电路的第一端连接，所述均衡电路的第二端与所述第二电池组的正极连接；The positive electrode of the first battery pack is connected to the first end of the equalization circuit through the step-down circuit, and the second end of the equalization circuit is connected to the positive electrode of the second battery pack;
    所述控制器，还被配置为当所述电量差大于所述预设电量区间时，向所述均衡电路发送第四控制信号，以及向所述降压电路发送第五控制信号；The controller is further configured to send a fourth control signal to the balancing circuit and a fifth control signal to the step-down circuit when the power difference is greater than the preset power interval;
    所述均衡电路，被配置为在所述第四控制信号的作用下处于恒阻工作状态，以均衡所述第一电池组和所述第二电池组的放电电流，使得所述第二电池组通过所述均衡电路向所述***电路放电；The balancing circuit is configured to be in a constant resistance working state under the action of the fourth control signal to balance the discharge current of the first battery group and the second battery group, so that the second battery group discharges to the system circuit through the balancing circuit;
    所述降压电路，还被配置为在所述第五控制信号的作用下处于工作状态，对所述第一电池组和所述第二电池组串联后的电压进行降压后向所述***电路放电。The step-down circuit is further configured to be in a working state under the action of the fifth control signal, and to step down the voltage of the first battery pack and the second battery pack connected in series and then discharge the voltage to the system circuit.
  5. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的电池组的均衡控制电路，其中，所述电池组的均衡控制电路还包括：均衡电路和电流采样电路；The balancing control circuit of the battery pack according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the balancing control circuit of the battery pack further comprises: a balancing circuit and a current sampling circuit;
    所述第一电池组的正极通过所述降压电路与所述电流采样电路的第一端连接，所述电流采样电路的第二端与所述均衡电路的第一端连接，所述电流采样电路的第三端与所述控制器的第三输入端连接；所述均衡电路的第二端与所述第二电池组的正极连接；The positive electrode of the first battery pack is connected to the first end of the current sampling circuit through the step-down circuit, the second end of the current sampling circuit is connected to the first end of the equalization circuit, and the third end of the current sampling circuit is connected to the third input end of the controller; the second end of the equalization circuit is connected to the positive electrode of the second battery pack;
    所述电流采样电路，被配置为在所述第一电池组和所述第二电池组放电过程中，实时监测所述均衡电路的放电均衡电流，并将所述放电均衡电流发送至所述控制器；The current sampling circuit is configured to monitor the discharge balancing current of the balancing circuit in real time during the discharge process of the first battery pack and the second battery pack, and send the discharge balancing current to the controller;
    所述控制器，还被配置为当所述电量差大于所述预设电量区间时，向所述降压电路发送第五控制信号；以及，当所述电量差大于所述预设电量区间、且第一电量计输出的所述第一电池组的电压与第二电量计输出的所述第二电池组的电压之间的放电电压差等于第一预设阈值时，根据所述放电均衡电流、所述第一电池组的电流和所述第二电池组的电流，确定第六控制信号，并向所述均衡电路发送所述第六控 制信号；The controller is further configured to send a fifth control signal to the step-down circuit when the power difference is greater than the preset power interval; and when the power difference is greater than the preset power interval and the discharge voltage difference between the voltage of the first battery group output by the first power meter and the voltage of the second battery group output by the second power meter is equal to a first preset threshold, determine a sixth control signal according to the discharge balancing current, the current of the first battery group and the current of the second battery group, and send the sixth control signal to the balancing circuit. control signal;
    所述均衡电路，被配置为在所述第六控制信号的作用下，实时调节自身电阻，实现处于恒压工作状态，以均衡所述第一电池组和所述第二电池组的放电电流，使得所述第二电池组通过所述均衡电路向所述***电路放电；The balancing circuit is configured to adjust its own resistance in real time under the action of the sixth control signal to achieve a constant voltage working state, so as to balance the discharge current of the first battery group and the second battery group, so that the second battery group discharges to the system circuit through the balancing circuit;
    所述降压电路，还被配置为在所述第五控制信号的作用下处于工作状态，对所述第一电池组和所述第二电池组串联后的电压进行降压后向所述***电路放电。The step-down circuit is further configured to be in a working state under the action of the fifth control signal, and to step down the voltage of the first battery group and the second battery group connected in series and then discharge the voltage to the system circuit.
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电池组的均衡控制电路，其中，The balancing control circuit of the battery pack according to claim 5, wherein:
    所述控制器，还被配置为当所述第一电池组的放电电压等于第一临界电压时，向所述均衡电路发送第七控制信号；其中，所述第一临界电压大于所述第一电池组的放空电压；The controller is further configured to send a seventh control signal to the balancing circuit when the discharge voltage of the first battery group is equal to a first critical voltage; wherein the first critical voltage is greater than the empty voltage of the first battery group;
    所述均衡电路，还被配置为在所述第七控制信号的作用下，再次调节自身电阻，增加所述放电均衡电流，实现所述第一电池组和所述第二电池组同时达到所述放空电压。The balancing circuit is further configured to adjust its own resistance again under the action of the seventh control signal, increase the discharge balancing current, and achieve that the first battery group and the second battery group reach the emptying voltage at the same time.
  7. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的电池组的均衡控制电路，其中，所述电池组的均衡控制电路还包括：充电电路和均衡电路；The balancing control circuit of the battery pack according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the balancing control circuit of the battery pack further comprises: a charging circuit and a balancing circuit;
    所述充电电路与所述第一电池组的正极连接；所述第一电池组的正极通过所述降压电路与所述均衡电路的第一端连接，所述均衡电路的第二端与所述第二电池组的正极连接；The charging circuit is connected to the positive electrode of the first battery pack; the positive electrode of the first battery pack is connected to the first end of the equalization circuit through the step-down circuit, and the second end of the equalization circuit is connected to the positive electrode of the second battery pack;
    所述充电电路，被配置为向所述第一电池组和所述第二电池组进行充电；The charging circuit is configured to charge the first battery pack and the second battery pack;
    所述控制器，还被配置为在所述充电电路向所述第一电池组和所述第二电池组开始充电时，向所述均衡电路发送第八控制信号，以及向所述降压电路发送第九控制信号；The controller is further configured to send an eighth control signal to the balancing circuit and a ninth control signal to the step-down circuit when the charging circuit starts charging the first battery pack and the second battery pack;
    所述均衡电路，被配置为在所述第八控制信号的作用下处于恒阻工作状态，以均衡所述第一电池组和所述第二电池组的充电电流；The balancing circuit is configured to be in a constant resistance working state under the action of the eighth control signal to balance the charging current of the first battery group and the second battery group;
    所述降压电路，还被配置为在所述第九控制信号的作用下处于工作状态，对所述充电电路的充电电压进行降压后向所述第二电池组充电。The step-down circuit is further configured to be in a working state under the action of the ninth control signal, and to charge the second battery pack after stepping down the charging voltage of the charging circuit.
  8. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的电池组的均衡控制电路，其中，所述电池组的均衡控制电路还包括：充电电路、电流采样电路和均衡电路；The balancing control circuit of the battery pack according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the balancing control circuit of the battery pack further comprises: a charging circuit, a current sampling circuit and a balancing circuit;
    所述充电电路与所述第一电池组的正极连接；所述第一电池组的正极通过所述降压电路与所述电流采样电路的第一端连接，所述电流采样电路的第二端与所述均衡电路的第一端连接，所述电流采样电路的第三端与所述控制器的第三输入端连接；所述均衡电路的第二端与所述第二电池组的正极连接；The charging circuit is connected to the positive electrode of the first battery pack; the positive electrode of the first battery pack is connected to the first end of the current sampling circuit through the step-down circuit, the second end of the current sampling circuit is connected to the first end of the equalization circuit, and the third end of the current sampling circuit is connected to the third input end of the controller; the second end of the equalization circuit is connected to the positive electrode of the second battery pack;
    所述电流采样电路，还被配置为在所述充电电路向所述第一电池组和所述第二电池组充电过程中，实时监测所述均衡电路的充电均衡电流，并将所述充电均衡电流发送至所述控制器；The current sampling circuit is further configured to monitor the charging balancing current of the balancing circuit in real time during the process in which the charging circuit charges the first battery pack and the second battery pack, and send the charging balancing current to the controller;
    所述控制器，还被配置为在所述充电电路向所述第一电池组和所述第二电池组开始充电时，向所述降压电路发送第八控制信号；以及，当第一电量计输出的所述第一电池组的电压与第二电量计输出的所述第二电池组的电压之间的充电电压差等于第二预设阈值时，根据所述充电均衡电流、所述第一电池组的电流和所述第二电池组的电流，确定第十控制信号，并向所述均衡电路发送所述第十控制信号；The controller is further configured to send an eighth control signal to the step-down circuit when the charging circuit starts to charge the first battery group and the second battery group; and when a charging voltage difference between a voltage of the first battery group output by a first fuel gauge and a voltage of the second battery group output by a second fuel gauge is equal to a second preset threshold, determine a tenth control signal according to the charging equalization current, a current of the first battery group, and a current of the second battery group, and send the tenth control signal to the equalization circuit;
    所述均衡电路，还被配置为在所述第十控制信号的作用下，实时调节自身电阻，实现处于恒压工作状态，以均衡所述第一电池组和所述第二电池组的充电电流，使得所述充电电路对所述第一电池组和所述第二电池组进行充电；The balancing circuit is further configured to adjust its own resistance in real time under the action of the tenth control signal to achieve a constant voltage working state to balance the charging current of the first battery group and the second battery group, so that the charging circuit charges the first battery group and the second battery group;
    所述降压电路，还被配置为在所述第八控制信号的作用下处于工作状态，对所述充电电路的充电电压进行降压后向所述第二电池组充电。The step-down circuit is further configured to be in a working state under the action of the eighth control signal, and to charge the second battery pack after stepping down the charging voltage of the charging circuit.
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电池组的均衡控制电路，其中，The balancing control circuit of the battery pack according to claim 8, wherein:
    所述控制器，还被配置为当所述第一电池组的充电电压达到第二临界电压时，向所述均衡电路发送第十一控制信号；其中，所述第二临界电压小于所述第一电池组的满充电压；The controller is further configured to send an eleventh control signal to the balancing circuit when the charging voltage of the first battery pack reaches a second critical voltage; wherein the second critical voltage is less than a full charging voltage of the first battery pack;
    所述均衡电路，还被配置为在所述第十一控制信号的作用下，再次调节自身电阻，增加所述充电均衡电流，实现所述第一电池组和所述第二电池组同时达到所述满充电压。The balancing circuit is further configured to adjust its own resistance again under the action of the eleventh control signal, increase the charging balancing current, and achieve that the first battery group and the second battery group reach the full charging voltage at the same time.
  10. 一种终端设备，所述终端设备包括：串联连接的第一电池组和第二电池组，以及如权利要求1-9任一项所述的电池组的均衡控制电路；其中，所述第一电池组的电池容量小于所述第二电池组的电池容量，所述第一电池组与所述第二电池组的满充电压和放空电压均相同，所述第一电池组属于第一电芯体系，所述第二电池组属于第二电芯体系；A terminal device, comprising: a first battery group and a second battery group connected in series, and a battery group balancing control circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 9; wherein the battery capacity of the first battery group is smaller than the battery capacity of the second battery group, the first battery group and the second battery group have the same full charge voltage and discharge voltage, the first battery group belongs to a first battery cell system, and the second battery group belongs to a second battery cell system;
    所述电池组的均衡控制电路中所述负载开关的第一端连接于所述第一电池组与所述第二电池组之间，所述第一电池组的正极通过所述电池组的均衡控制电路中降压电路与所述负载开关的第二端连接；The first end of the load switch in the balancing control circuit of the battery pack is connected between the first battery pack and the second battery pack, and the positive electrode of the first battery pack is connected to the second end of the load switch through the step-down circuit in the balancing control circuit of the battery pack;
    所述电池组的均衡控制电路，被配置为在所述第一电池组和所述第二电池组放电过程中，当所述第二电池组的剩余电量和所述第一电池组的剩余电量之间的电量差大于预设电量区间时，在第一控制信号的作用下闭合所述负载开关，所述第二电池组与***电路导通； The balancing control circuit of the battery pack is configured to close the load switch under the action of a first control signal when the difference between the remaining power of the second battery pack and the remaining power of the first battery pack is greater than a preset power range during the discharge process of the first battery pack and the second battery pack, so that the second battery pack is connected to the system circuit;
    所述第二电池组，被配置为向所述***电路单独放电；The second battery pack is configured to discharge to the system circuit alone;
    所述电池组的均衡控制电路，还被配置为当所述电量差位于所述预设电量区间时，在所述第二控制信号的作用下所述降压电路处于工作状态；The balancing control circuit of the battery pack is further configured such that when the power difference is within the preset power interval, the step-down circuit is in a working state under the action of the second control signal;
    所述第一电池组和所述第二电池组，被配置为通过所述降压电路进行降压后向所述***电路放电。The first battery pack and the second battery pack are configured to discharge to the system circuit after being stepped down by the step-down circuit.
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的终端设备，其中，The terminal device according to claim 10, wherein:
    所述第一电芯体系是石墨负极体系，所述第二电芯体系是硅负极体系。The first battery cell system is a graphite negative electrode system, and the second battery cell system is a silicon negative electrode system.
  12. 一种电池组的均衡控制方法，所述方法包括：A battery pack balancing control method, the method comprising:
    在第一电池组和第二电池组放电过程中，当获取的所述第二电池组的剩余电量和获取的所述第一电池组的剩余电量之间的电量差大于预设电量区间时，在第一控制信号的作用下闭合负载开关，使得所述第二电池组向***电路单独放电；其中，所述第二电池组与所述第一电池组串联连接，所述第一电池组的电池容量小于所述第二电池组的电池容量；During the discharge process of the first battery group and the second battery group, when the power difference between the acquired remaining power of the second battery group and the acquired remaining power of the first battery group is greater than a preset power range, the load switch is closed under the action of the first control signal, so that the second battery group discharges to the system circuit alone; wherein the second battery group is connected in series with the first battery group, and the battery capacity of the first battery group is smaller than the battery capacity of the second battery group;
    当所述电量差位于所述预设电量区间时，在第二控制信号的作用下降压电路处于工作状态；When the power difference is within the preset power interval, the step-down circuit is in working state under the action of the second control signal;
    通过所述降压电路对所述第一电池组和所述第二电池组串联后的电压进行降压后向所述***电路放电。The voltage of the first battery group and the second battery group connected in series is stepped down by the step-down circuit and then discharged to the system circuit.
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的方法，其中，所述方法还包括：The method according to claim 12, wherein the method further comprises:
    当所述电量差位于所述预设电量区间时，在第三控制信号的作用下，所述负载开关由闭合变为断开。When the power difference is within the preset power interval, under the action of the third control signal, the load switch changes from closed to open.
  14. 根据权利要求12所述的方法，其中，所述方法还包括：The method according to claim 12, wherein the method further comprises:
    根据所述第一电池组的电池容量、所述第一电池组的放电电流和第一放电时间确定所述第一电池组的剩余电量；determining a remaining power of the first battery group according to a battery capacity of the first battery group, a discharge current of the first battery group, and a first discharge time;
    根据所述第二电池组的电池容量、所述第二电池组的放电电流和第二放电时间确定所述第二电池组的剩余电量。The remaining capacity of the second battery pack is determined according to the battery capacity of the second battery pack, the discharge current of the second battery pack, and the second discharge time.
  15. 根据权利要求12-14任一项所述的方法，其中，所述方法还包括：The method according to any one of claims 12 to 14, wherein the method further comprises:
    当所述电量差大于所述预设电量区间时，在第四控制信号的作用下均衡电路处于恒阻工作状态，以均衡所述第一电池组和所述第二电池组的放电电流，使得所述第二电池组通过所述均衡电路向所述***电路放电；When the power difference is greater than the preset power range, the balancing circuit is in a constant resistance working state under the action of a fourth control signal to balance the discharge currents of the first battery group and the second battery group, so that the second battery group discharges to the system circuit through the balancing circuit;
    在第五控制信号的作用下所述降压电路处于工作状态，对所述第一电池组和所述第二电池组串联后的电压进行降压后向所述***电路放电。Under the action of the fifth control signal, the voltage-reducing circuit is in a working state, and the voltage of the first battery pack and the second battery pack connected in series is reduced and then discharged to the system circuit.
  16. 根据权利要求12-14任一项所述的方法，其中，所述方法还包括：The method according to any one of claims 12 to 14, wherein the method further comprises:
    在所述第一电池组和所述第二电池组放电过程中，实时监测均衡电路的放电均衡电流；During the discharge process of the first battery group and the second battery group, real-time monitoring of the discharge balancing current of the balancing circuit;
    当所述电量差大于所述预设电量区间、且所述第一电池组的电压与所述第二电池组的电压之间的放电电压差等于第一预设阈值时，根据所述放电均衡电流、所述第一电池组的电流和所述第二电池组的电流，确定第六控制信号；When the power difference is greater than the preset power range and the discharge voltage difference between the voltage of the first battery group and the voltage of the second battery group is equal to a first preset threshold, determining a sixth control signal according to the discharge balancing current, the current of the first battery group and the current of the second battery group;
    在所述第六控制信号的作用下，对所述均衡电路对应的电阻进行实时调节，使得所述均衡电路处于恒压工作状态，以均衡所述第一电池组和所述第二电池组的放电电流，使得所述第二电池组通过所述均衡电路向所述***电路放电；Under the action of the sixth control signal, the resistance corresponding to the balancing circuit is adjusted in real time, so that the balancing circuit is in a constant voltage working state, so as to balance the discharge current of the first battery group and the second battery group, so that the second battery group discharges to the system circuit through the balancing circuit;
    当所述电量差大于所述预设电量区间时，在第五控制信号的作用下所述降压电路处于工作状态，对所述第一电池组和所述第二电池组串联后的电压进行降压后向所述***电路放电。When the power difference is greater than the preset power range, the step-down circuit is in operation under the action of the fifth control signal, and steps down the voltage of the first battery pack and the second battery pack connected in series and then discharges the voltage to the system circuit.
  17. 根据权利要求12-14任一项所述的方法，其中，所述方法还包括：The method according to any one of claims 12 to 14, wherein the method further comprises:
    在充电电路向所述第一电池组和所述第二电池组开始充电时，在第八控制信号的作用下均衡电路处于恒阻工作状态，以均衡所述第一电池组和所述第二电池组的充电电流；When the charging circuit starts to charge the first battery group and the second battery group, the balancing circuit is in a constant resistance working state under the action of the eighth control signal to balance the charging current of the first battery group and the second battery group;
    在第九控制信号的作用下降压电路处于工作状态，对所述充电电路的充电电压进行降压后向所述第二电池组充电。Under the effect of the ninth control signal, the step-down circuit is in working state, and charges the second battery pack after stepping down the charging voltage of the charging circuit.
  18. 根据权利要求12-14任一项所述的方法，其中，所述方法还包括：The method according to any one of claims 12 to 14, wherein the method further comprises:
    在充电电路向所述第一电池组和所述第二电池组的充电过程中，实时监测均衡电路的充电均衡电流；During the process of charging the first battery group and the second battery group by the charging circuit, real-time monitoring of the charging equalization current of the equalization circuit;
    当所述第一电池组的电压与所述第二电池组的电压之间的充电电压差等于第二预设阈值时，根据所述充电均衡电流、所述第一电池组的电流和所述第二电池组的电流，确定第十控制信号；When a charging voltage difference between the voltage of the first battery group and the voltage of the second battery group is equal to a second preset threshold, determining a tenth control signal according to the charging balancing current, the current of the first battery group and the current of the second battery group;
    在所述第十控制信号的作用下，对所述均衡电路对应的电阻进行实时调节，使得所述均衡电路处于恒压工作状态，以均衡所述第一电池组和所述第二电池组的充电电流；Under the action of the tenth control signal, the resistance corresponding to the balancing circuit is adjusted in real time, so that the balancing circuit is in a constant voltage working state to balance the charging current of the first battery group and the second battery group;
    在第九控制信号的作用下降压电路处于工作状态，对所述充电电路的充电电压进行降压后向所述第二电池组充电。 Under the effect of the ninth control signal, the step-down circuit is in working state, and the charging voltage of the charging circuit is stepped down to charge the second battery pack.
PCT/CN2023/122296 2022-12-09 2023-09-27 Equalization control circuit and method for battery pack, and terminal device WO2024119989A1 (en)

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WO2012157747A1 (en) * 2011-05-18 2012-11-22 古河電気工業株式会社 Method for controlling battery assembly and control device
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CN110224455A (en) * 2019-04-08 2019-09-10 东莞新能德科技有限公司 Series-parallel switching device and the battery pack comprising series-parallel switching device
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CN104362695A (en) * 2014-11-10 2015-02-18 中南民族大学 Series-battery-pack equalization system and control method thereof
CN110224455A (en) * 2019-04-08 2019-09-10 东莞新能德科技有限公司 Series-parallel switching device and the battery pack comprising series-parallel switching device
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