WO2024119822A1 - 浸没式动力电池热管理*** - Google Patents

浸没式动力电池热管理*** Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024119822A1
WO2024119822A1 PCT/CN2023/106476 CN2023106476W WO2024119822A1 WO 2024119822 A1 WO2024119822 A1 WO 2024119822A1 CN 2023106476 W CN2023106476 W CN 2023106476W WO 2024119822 A1 WO2024119822 A1 WO 2024119822A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
liquid
external
cooling plate
flow channel
thermal management
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PCT/CN2023/106476
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
肖鹏辉
庄志恒
王帅
Original Assignee
江苏汇智高端工程机械创新中心有限公司
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Application filed by 江苏汇智高端工程机械创新中心有限公司 filed Critical 江苏汇智高端工程机械创新中心有限公司
Priority to EP23848459.6A priority Critical patent/EP4404336A1/en
Priority to AU2023316922A priority patent/AU2023316922A1/en
Publication of WO2024119822A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024119822A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/617—Types of temperature control for achieving uniformity or desired distribution of temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/63—Control systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6554—Rods or plates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6567—Liquids
    • H01M10/6568—Liquids characterised by flow circuits, e.g. loops, located externally to the cells or cell casings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of power battery thermal management, and in particular to an immersion power battery thermal management system.
  • the heat exchange efficiency is low when the hot liquid is replaced in the closed cavity.
  • a sealed battery box is used, in which the liquid medium used for heat exchange only flows inside, and the heat/cold of the battery is indirectly transferred to the outside through the heat exchange device, which greatly reduces the heat exchange efficiency.
  • the flow characteristics of the sealed liquid are very poor, and the flow field cannot be driven to dissipate heat evenly, so the thermal management effect cannot be guaranteed;
  • Heating is not considered and exhaust measures are lacking.
  • the heating method of the power battery in extremely cold weather and the corresponding thermal uniformity performance are not considered.
  • the liquid outlet is set at the bottom of the battery box. Gas will be generated during the use of the power battery. The gas generated by the power battery cannot be discharged in a timely and effective manner, which will greatly affect the safety of the power battery;
  • the present invention provides an immersion-type power battery thermal management system, which effectively solves the problems of poor thermal uniformity and low thermal safety during the use of power batteries, is conducive to the efficient and convenient use of power battery thermal management, and prevents the occurrence of power battery thermal runaway accidents.
  • An immersion-type power battery thermal management system includes a battery unit and a thermal management unit;
  • the battery unit includes a box, a battery module and a liquid cooling plate, the box is provided with an external liquid inlet and an external liquid outlet, the liquid cooling plate is provided with an internal liquid outlet, the liquid cooling plate is located below the battery module, a liquid flow channel is provided inside the liquid cooling plate, an immersion space is formed in the box, the internal liquid outlet is connected between the liquid flow channel and the immersion space, the external liquid inlet is connected to the liquid flow channel, and the external liquid outlet is connected to the immersion space;
  • the thermal management unit includes a controller and a heat exchanger in the box.
  • An external circulation path is formed outside, the external circulation path is connected from the external liquid port to the external liquid inlet, the external circulation path includes an expansion tank, a circulation pump, a water cooling unit, a heater and a check valve connected in sequence from the external liquid port, the expansion tank, the circulation pump, the water cooling unit and the heater are all connected to the controller; the liquid enters the liquid flow channel from the external liquid inlet through the external circulation path, then enters the immersion space through the internal liquid outlet, and then enters the external circulation path from the external liquid port; the system has at least a cooling mode and a heating mode, and the controller controls the system to switch between the cooling mode and the heating mode.
  • the liquid flow channel includes a plurality of serpentine flow channels arranged in parallel, and a plurality of flow dividing baffles are arranged at the external liquid inlet for allowing the liquid entering from the external liquid inlet to enter each of the serpentine flow channels evenly.
  • the liquid outlet is located at the upper part of the box body and above the battery module.
  • a filter is provided between the expansion tank and the circulation pump.
  • a first temperature sensor is provided at the external liquid inlet, and the first temperature sensor is connected to the controller and is used to monitor the temperature of the liquid entering through the external liquid inlet.
  • a second temperature sensor is provided at the liquid outlet, and the second temperature sensor is connected to the controller and is used to monitor the temperature of the liquid flowing out of the liquid outlet.
  • the system also has a self-circulation mode and a static mode, and the controller controls the system to switch among the cooling mode, the heating mode, the self-circulation mode and the static mode.
  • thermally conductive silica gel is provided between the battery module and the liquid cooling plate.
  • the number of the external liquid inlets is N, where N is a positive integer, the interior of the liquid cooling plate is divided into N liquid inlet spaces, the external liquid inlets are connected to the liquid inlet spaces in a one-to-one correspondence, and each of the liquid inlet spaces is provided with a liquid flow channel.
  • the inner liquid outlet is arranged at two ends of the liquid cooling plate.
  • the technical solution of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: it provides an immersion-type power battery thermal management system, which has both a heating mode and a cooling mode, which can be conveniently controlled as needed, and the liquid and the battery module can fully exchange heat with each other, with high efficiency and good effect, and effectively solves the problems of poor thermal uniformity and low thermal safety during the use of power batteries, which is conducive to the efficient and convenient use of power battery thermal management and the prevention of thermal runaway accidents of power batteries.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of an immersion-type power battery thermal management system of the present invention (wherein arrows indicate the direction of liquid flow and dashed lines indicate signal connections);
  • FIG2 is a schematic diagram of a battery unit in an immersion-type power battery thermal management system of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A in Fig. 2 .
  • 1-box 2-battery module, 3-liquid cooling plate, 4-external liquid inlet, 5-external liquid outlet, 6-liquid flow channel, 7-immersion space, 8-internal liquid outlet, 9-expansion tank, 10-circulating pump, 11-water cooling unit, 12-heater, 13-check valve, 14- Diverter baffle, 15-filter, 16-first temperature sensor, 17-second temperature sensor, 18-controller.
  • the immersion power battery thermal management system in the embodiment of the present invention includes a battery unit and a thermal management unit; wherein the battery unit includes a box body 1, a battery module 2 and a liquid cooling plate 3, the box body 1 is provided with an external liquid inlet 4 and an external liquid outlet 5, the liquid cooling plate 3 is provided with an internal liquid outlet 8, the liquid cooling plate 3 is located below the battery module 2, a liquid flow channel 6 is provided inside the liquid cooling plate 3, an immersion space 7 is formed inside the box body 1, the internal liquid outlet 8 is connected between the liquid flow channel 6 and the immersion space 7, the external liquid inlet 4 is connected to the liquid flow channel 6, and the external liquid outlet 5 is connected to the immersion space 7; the thermal management unit includes a controller 18 and an external circulation path formed outside the box body 1, the external circulation path is connected from the external liquid outlet 5 to the external liquid inlet 4, and the external circulation path includes an expansion tank 9 connected in sequence from the external liquid outlet 5 , a circulation pump 10, a water cooling unit 11, a heater 12 and a check valve 13, the expansion
  • the liquid flow channel 6 includes a plurality of serpentine flow channels arranged in parallel, a plurality of diversion baffles 14 are arranged at the external liquid inlet 4, which are used to make the liquid entering from the external liquid inlet 4 evenly enter each serpentine flow channel, the external liquid outlet 5 is located at the upper part of the box body 1 and above the battery module 2, and a filter 15 is arranged between the expansion tank 9 and the circulation pump 10, which is used to filter out impurities in the liquid; a first temperature sensor 16 is arranged at the external liquid inlet 4, and the first temperature sensor 16 is connected to the controller 18 for monitoring the temperature of the liquid entering through the external liquid inlet 4; a second temperature sensor 17 is arranged at the external liquid outlet 5, and the second temperature sensor 17 is connected to the controller 18 for monitoring the temperature of the liquid flowing out from the external liquid outlet 5.
  • the serpentine flow channels in this embodiment are in the form of four parallel channels.
  • the liquid entering from the external liquid inlet 4 enters the liquid cooling plate 3 from the four channels at the same time. After the interior of the liquid cooling plate 3 is filled with liquid, the liquid overflows from the internal liquid outlet 8 to the immersion space 7.
  • Thermally conductive silicone is provided between the battery module 2 and the liquid cooling plate 3 to enhance heat transfer therebetween.
  • Internal liquid outlets 8 are provided at both ends of the liquid cooling plate 3, and the thermally conductive silicone should not block the nearby internal liquid outlets 8.
  • the system also has a self-circulation mode and a static mode.
  • the controller 18 controls the system to switch between the cooling mode, the heating mode, the self-circulation mode and the static mode, as follows:
  • the circulation loop is filled with heat transfer liquid, including the interior of the power battery unit box 1 .
  • the controller 18 When the cooling mode is running, the controller 18 will send an operation instruction to the circulation pump 10 and the water cooling unit 11 to start working. At this time, the heat generated by the battery module 2 will gradually be transferred to the immersion liquid in the power battery unit. Driven by the circulation pump 10, the liquid enters the external circulation path through the external liquid port 5. Since the battery module 2 will generate gas overflow in the internal cavity of the power battery unit during use, if it cannot be removed in time, it will seriously affect the system's heat transfer efficiency and the safety of the power battery. Therefore, the liquid enters the external circulation path, first through the expansion tank 9 to remove the generated gas, and then the liquid flows through the filter 15 to filter out the impurities carried out of the power battery unit, and the liquid then flows into the circulation pump 10.
  • the liquid enters the water cooling unit 11, transfers the heat absorbed from the battery module 2 to the water cooling unit 11, and reduces the temperature of the liquid itself.
  • the heater 12 does not work at this time, so the liquid does not change after passing through the heater 12, and directly flows into the check valve 13.
  • the check valve 13 is used to prevent the liquid from flowing back, and finally flows into the liquid flow channel 6 of the liquid cooling plate 3 through the external liquid inlet 4, and overflows from the internal liquid outlet 8, gradually replacing the original liquid filled in the power battery unit, and taking away the heat, gas and impurities generated during the use of the battery module 2, thereby forming a complete power battery cooling circuit.
  • the controller 18 monitors the temperature of the liquid entering and leaving the power battery unit through the first temperature sensor 16 and the second temperature sensor 17, and then adjusts the operating power of the circulation pump 10 and the water cooling unit 11.
  • the controller 18 will send an operation instruction to the circulation pump 10 and the heater 12 to start working.
  • Other operation methods are the same as the cooling mode.
  • the controller 18 will send an operation instruction to the circulation pump 10 to start it working, so as to achieve uniform temperature inside the power battery unit through the flow of liquid. At this time, the water cooling unit and the heater are not working.
  • the thermal management system In static mode, the thermal management system is at rest and does not operate.
  • the liquid overflows from just above the serpentine flow channel in the liquid cooling plate 3, the overflowing fluid can directly immerse the battery module 2, and the liquid in the serpentine flow channel of the liquid cooling plate 3 can indirectly exchange heat with the bottom of the module, thereby solving the problem of poor heat exchange uniformity caused by the bottom of the battery module 2 not being able to be immersed, and ensuring good heat exchange uniformity of the battery module 2.
  • the liquid outlet of the power battery unit is arranged at the upper part of the box body 1.
  • the generated gas will undoubtedly accumulate in the upper part of the box body 1. Setting the liquid outlet at the upper part of the box body 1 can more conveniently discharge the generated gas together with the liquid in the box, greatly reducing the risk of thermal safety accidents of the power battery unit.
  • the present invention provides an expansion tank 9 in the system loop, and the connection is close to the outgoing liquid port 5 of the power battery unit, which can quickly and effectively absorb the gas brought out of the liquid from the inside of the power battery unit and discharge it into the atmosphere, thereby alleviating the harm caused by the gas to the system.
  • the serpentine flow channel used in this design is a parallel four-channel, and the liquid enters from both ends of the serpentine flow channel to ensure the temperature consistency of the liquid inside the liquid cooling plate 3.
  • the inner liquid outlet 8 is set above the serpentine flow channel at both ends of the liquid cooling plate 3 to ensure that the liquid enters the power battery Temperature uniformity of the unit cavity.
  • the present invention provides a water cooling unit 11 and a heater 12 in the system loop, so that the system has the functions of cooling and heating the power battery, thereby improving the adaptability of the power battery to operate in high and low temperature harsh working conditions.
  • a liquid level sensor is provided in the expansion tank 9, and a signal acquisition line is provided to connect to the controller 18.
  • the liquid flow rate in the system can be properly adjusted by the change of the liquid level, and a refilling signal can also be given, which is conducive to the efficient and safe use of the thermal management system.
  • the interior of the liquid cooling plate 3 is divided into two liquid inlet spaces.
  • the external liquid inlets 4 are connected one-to-one with the liquid flow channels 6 of the liquid inlet spaces to allow liquid to circulate from the outside into the interior of the liquid cooling plate 3.
  • the number of external liquid inlets 4 can be designed according to factors such as the size of the liquid cooling plate 3, the amount of liquid entering, the heating/cooling effect requirements, etc., such as 1, 3, 4, 5, etc.
  • the interior of the liquid cooling plate 3 is divided into the same number of liquid inlet spaces, and the external liquid inlet 4 is connected to the liquid inlet space one-to-one, and each liquid inlet space is provided with a liquid flow channel 6.
  • the immersed power battery thermal management system of the present invention has both heating mode and cooling mode, which can be easily controlled according to needs, and the liquid and the battery module fully exchange heat, with high efficiency and good effect. It effectively solves the problems of poor thermal uniformity and low thermal safety during the use of power batteries, is conducive to the efficient and convenient use of power battery thermal management, and prevents the occurrence of thermal runaway accidents of power batteries.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种浸没式动力电池热管理***，包括电池单元和热管理单元；电池单元包括箱体、电池模组及液冷板，箱体上设置有外进液口、外出液口，液冷板上设置有内出液口，液冷板位于电池模组的下方，液冷板的内部设置有液体流道，箱体内形成浸没空间，内出液口连通在液体流道与浸没空间之间，外进液口连通至液体流道，外出液口连通至浸没空间；热管理单元包括控制器及外循环路径，外循环路径从外出液口连接至外进液口，外循环路径包括膨胀箱、循环泵、水冷机组、加热器及止回阀。该***兼具加热模式和冷却模式，根据需要便捷控制，且液体与电池模组充分进行热交换，效率高、效果好，解决动力电池使用过程中热均匀性差及热安全性低的难题。

Description

浸没式动力电池热管理*** 技术领域
本发明涉及动力电池热管理技术领域，特别是涉及一种浸没式动力电池热管理***。
背景技术
近年来，随着动力电池广泛使用，其应用场景也逐渐多样化、复杂化，随之而来的应用问题在逐步显现，其中，由动力电池温度均匀性差引起的电性能一致性差、循环寿命短、续航时间短等问题较为显著，此外，由于动力电池***、起火事故屡见不鲜，其热安全性也引起了广泛关注。
现有技术中的电池热管理***，至少存在以下缺点：
1.封闭腔体内置换热液体，换热效率低下。现有技术中，有采用密封电池箱体的方式，其用作换热的液体介质仅在内部流动，通过换热装置间接将电池的热/冷量传递到外界，会导致换热效率大打折扣，而且密封的液体流动特性很差，无法驱动流场进行均匀散热，其热管理效果得不到保证；
2.未考虑加热，缺乏排气措施。在一些热管理***的结构中，未考虑动力电池在极寒天气的加热方式以及相应的热均匀性能，此外其还将出液口设置于电池箱底部，动力电池使用过程中会产生气体，无法及时有效的排出动力电池所产生的气体，将极大影响动力电池使用安全；
3.构件繁杂多样，成本高昂，不利于产业化。现有技术中有增设流道的结构，但这样的结构大大增加了动力电池装配构件的数量以及工艺难度，此外，动力电池使用环境较为恶劣，其可靠性无法得到保证；还有增设凹槽的结构，其也会大幅增加动力电池成本，且不利于产业化推广。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的不足，本发明提供一种浸没式动力电池热管理***，有效解决动力电池使用过程中热均匀性差及热安全性低的难题，有利于动力电池热管理高效便捷的使用，以及防范动力电池热失控事故的发生。
浸没式动力电池热管理***，包括电池单元和热管理单元；所述电池单元包括箱体、电池模组及液冷板，所述箱体上设置有外进液口、外出液口，所述液冷板上设置有内出液口，所述液冷板位于所述电池模组的下方，所述液冷板的内部设置有液体流道，所述箱体内形成浸没空间，所述内出液口连通在所述液体流道与所述浸没空间之间，所述外进液口连通至所述液体流道，所述外出液口连通至所述浸没空间；所述热管理单元包括控制器及在所述箱体 外部形成的外循环路径，所述外循环路径从所述外出液口连接至所述外进液口，所述外循环路径包括从所述外出液口依次连接的膨胀箱、循环泵、水冷机组、加热器及止回阀，所述膨胀箱、所述循环泵、所述水冷机组、所述加热器均连接至所述控制器；液体经所述外循环路径从所述外进液口进入所述液体流道，然后经所述内出液口进入浸没空间，然后从所述外出液口进入外循环路径；该***至少具有冷却模式和加热模式，所述控制器控制该***在冷却模式和加热模式之间切换。
可选地，所述液体流道包括多条平行设置的蛇形流道，所述外进液口处设置有多个分流隔板，用于使从所述外进液口进入的液体均匀进入各所述蛇形流道。
可选地，所述外出液口位于所述箱体的上部且位于所述电池模组的上方。
可选地，所述膨胀箱与所述循环泵之间设置有过滤器。
可选地，所述外进液口处设置有第一温度传感器，所述第一温度传感器连接至所述控制器，用于监测经所述外进液口进入的液体的温度。
可选地，所述外出液口处设置有第二温度传感器，所述第二温度传感器连接至所述控制器，用于监测从所述外出液口流出的液体的温度。
可选地，该***还具有自循环模式和静态模式，所述控制器控制该***在冷却模式、加热模式、自循环模式和静态模式之间切换。
可选地，所述电池模组与所述液冷板之间设置有导热硅胶。
可选地，所述外进液口的数量为N个，N为正整数，所述液冷板的内部被分隔为N个进液空间，所述外进液口与所述进液空间一一对应连通，每个所述进液空间均设置有液体流道。
可选地，所述内出液口设置在所述液冷板的两端。
与现有技术相比，本发明的技术方案至少具有以下有益效果：提供一种浸没式动力电池热管理***，兼具加热模式和冷却模式，根据需要便捷控制，且液体与电池模组充分进行热交换，效率高、效果好，有效解决动力电池使用过程中热均匀性差及热安全性低的难题，有利于动力电池热管理高效便捷的使用，以及防范动力电池热失控事故的发生。
附图说明
图1为本发明的浸没式动力电池热管理***的示意图(其中，箭头表示液体流动方向，虚线表示信号连接)；
图2为本发明的浸没式动力电池热管理***中的电池单元的示意图；
图3为图2中A-A剖视图。
附图中：1-箱体，2-电池模组，3-液冷板，4-外进液口，5-外出液口，6-液体流道，7-浸没空间，8-内出液口，9-膨胀箱，10-循环泵，11-水冷机组，12-加热器，13-止回阀，14- 分流隔板，15-过滤器，16-第一温度传感器，17-第二温度传感器，18-控制器。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的示范性实施例做出说明，其中包括本发明实施例的各种细节以助于理解，应当将它们认为仅仅是示范性的。因此，本领域普通技术人员应当认识到，可以对这里描述的实施例做出各种改变和修改，而不会背离本发明的范围和精神。同样，为了清楚和简明，以下的描述中省略了对公知功能和结构的描述。
如图1至图3所示，本发明实施例中的浸没式动力电池热管理***，包括电池单元和热管理单元；其中，电池单元包括箱体1、电池模组2及液冷板3，箱体1上设置有外进液口4、外出液口5，液冷板3上设置有内出液口8，液冷板3位于电池模组2的下方，液冷板3的内部设置有液体流道6，箱体1内形成浸没空间7，内出液口8连通在液体流道6与浸没空间7之间，外进液口4连通至液体流道6，外出液口5连通至浸没空间7；热管理单元包括控制器18及在箱体1外部形成的外循环路径，外循环路径从外出液口5连接至外进液口4，外循环路径包括从外出液口5依次连接的膨胀箱9、循环泵10、水冷机组11、加热器12及止回阀13，膨胀箱9、循环泵10、水冷机组11、加热器12均连接至控制器18，膨胀箱9用于滤除热管理***运行过程中产生的气体，循环泵10为整个热管理***提供运转动力，水冷机组11用于提供热管理***所需冷源，加热器12用于提供热管理***所需热源，止回阀13用于阻断管路内液体回流；液体经外循环路径从外进液口4进入液体流道6，然后经内出液口8进入浸没空间7，待浸没空间7中的液体的液面高度到达外出液口5所在位置时，液体从外出液口5排出并进入外循环路径；控制器18控制该***在不同模式之间切换。
其中，更具体地，液体流道6包括多条平行设置的蛇形流道，外进液口4处设置有多个分流隔板14，用于使从外进液口4进入的液体均匀进入各蛇形流道，外出液口5位于箱体1的上部且位于电池模组2的上方，膨胀箱9与循环泵10之间设置有过滤器15，用于滤除液体中的杂质；外进液口4处设置有第一温度传感器16，第一温度传感器16连接至控制器18，用于监测经外进液口4进入的液体的温度，外出液口5处设置有第二温度传感器17，第二温度传感器17连接至控制器18，用于监测从外出液口5流出的液体的温度。
本实施例中的蛇形流道为四道并联的形式，从外进液口4进入的液体同时从四道进入液冷板3内，待液冷板3的内部被液体充满后，液体从内出液口8外溢至浸没空间7。
电池模组2与液冷板3之间设置有导热硅胶，用于增强两者之间的热传递，内出液口8设置在液冷板3的两端，导热硅胶不应堵塞附近的内出液口8。
该***还具有自循环模式和静态模式，控制器18控制该***在冷却模式、加热模式、自循环模式和静态模式之间切换，具体如下：
整个***运行之前，循环回路内注满传热液体，包括动力电池单元箱体1内部。
冷却模式运行时，控制器18会发送运行指令到循环泵10和水冷机组11，让其开始工作。此时电池模组2产生的热量将逐渐传递到动力电池单元内的浸没液体中，液体在循环泵10的驱动下经由外出液口5进入外循环路径，由于电池模组2在使用过程中会产生气体溢出在动力电池单元内部腔体中，如果不能及时排除，将严重影响***传热效率以及动力电池使用安全，因此，液体进入外循环路径中，首先途径膨胀箱9将产生的气体排除，而后液体流经过滤器15将携带而出的动力电池单元内部杂质过滤掉，液体紧接着流入循环泵10，增强自身驱动力，液体进入水冷机组11，将从电池模组2吸收的热量传递给水冷机组11带走，降低液体自身温度，加热器12此时不工作，故液体流经加热器12后无变化，直接流入止回阀13，止回阀13用于防止液体回流，最终经外进液口4流入液冷板3的液体流道6中，并从内出液口8溢出，逐渐替换充盈在动力电池单元内部的原有液体，重新带走电池模组2使用过程中产生的热量、气体及杂质，以此形成一个完整的动力电池冷却回路。控制器18通过第一温度传感器16和第二温度传感器17监测液体进、出动力电池单元的液体的温度，进而调整循环泵10和水冷机组11的运行功率。
相较于冷却模式，加热模式运行时，控制器18会发送运行指令到循环泵10和加热器12，让其开始工作，其他运行方法与冷却模式相同。
相较于冷却模式，自循环模式运行时，控制器18会发送运行指令到循环泵10，让其开始工作，通过液体的流动实现动力电池单元内部均温，此时，水冷机组和加热器均不工作。
在静态模式下，热管理***处于静止状态，不进行工作。
本实施例的设计中，液体从液冷板3中的蛇形流道正上方溢出，溢出流体可直接浸没电池模组2，且液冷板3蛇形流道中液体可间接对模组底部进行换热，解决了电池模组2底部无法浸没而导致换热均匀性差的难题，确保了电池模组2良好的换热均匀性。
本设计将动力电池单元的液体出口设置在箱体1上部，鉴于动力电池使用过程中会产生易燃易爆的气体，需要及时排除，当液体将动力电池单元腔体内全部浸没时，所产生的气体无疑都将积聚在箱体1上部，将液体出口设置在箱体1上部能较为便捷的将产生的气体随箱内液体一起排出，大大降低了动力电池单元发生热安全事故的风险。
本发明在***回路中设有膨胀箱9，且连接处靠近动力电池单元的外出液口5，能十分快捷有效的将液体从动力电池单元内部带出的气体吸纳，并排放到大气中，缓解了气体对***带来的危害。
本设计采用的蛇形流道为并联四通道，液体从蛇形流道两端进入，确保了液体在液冷板3内部温度一致性，在液冷板3两端蛇形流道上方设置内出液口8，确保了液体进入动力电池 单元腔体的温度均匀性。
本发明在***回路中设有水冷机组11和加热器12，使得***兼具冷却、加热动力电池的功能，提高了动力电池在高低温恶劣工况作业的适应能力。
另外，膨胀箱9中设有液位传感器，并设有信号采集线连接至控制器18，通过液位的变化可适当调节***中液体流速，还可给出补液信号，有利于热管理***高效安全的使用。
本实施例中，外进液口4为2个，液冷板3的内部被分隔为2个进液空间，外进液口4与进液空间的液体流道6一对一连通以供液体从外循环进入液冷板3内部。
在其他一些实施例中，可以根据液冷板3的大小、液体进入量、加热/冷却效果要求等因素设计外进液口4的数量，如1、3、4、5个等等，同样对应地，液冷板3的内部被分隔为相同个数的进液空间，外进液口4与进液空间一一对应连通，每个进液空间均设置有液体流道6。
相较于已有技术，本发明的浸没式动力电池热管理***，兼具加热模式和冷却模式，根据需要便捷控制，且液体与电池模组充分进行热交换，效率高、效果好，有效解决动力电池使用过程中热均匀性差及热安全性低的难题，有利于动力电池热管理高效便捷的使用，以及防范动力电池热失控事故的发生。
以上具体实施方式，并不构成对本发明保护范围的限制。本领域技术人员应该明白的是，取决于设计要求和其他因素，可以发生各种各样的修改、组合、子组合和替代。任何在本发明的精神和原则之内所做的修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 浸没式动力电池热管理***，其特征在于，包括电池单元和热管理单元；
    所述电池单元包括箱体、电池模组及液冷板，所述箱体上设置有外进液口、外出液口，所述液冷板上设置有内出液口，所述液冷板位于所述电池模组的下方，所述液冷板的内部设置有液体流道，所述箱体内形成浸没空间，所述内出液口连通在所述液体流道与所述浸没空间之间，所述外进液口连通至所述液体流道，所述外出液口连通至所述浸没空间；
    所述热管理单元包括控制器及在所述箱体外部形成的外循环路径，所述外循环路径从所述外出液口连接至所述外进液口，所述外循环路径包括从所述外出液口依次连接的膨胀箱、循环泵、水冷机组、加热器及止回阀，所述膨胀箱、所述循环泵、所述水冷机组、所述加热器均连接至所述控制器；
    液体经所述外循环路径从所述外进液口进入所述液体流道，然后经所述内出液口进入浸没空间，然后从所述外出液口进入外循环路径；
    该***至少具有冷却模式和加热模式，所述控制器控制该***在冷却模式和加热模式之间切换。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的***，其特征在于，所述液体流道包括多条平行设置的蛇形流道，所述外进液口处设置有多个分流隔板，用于使从所述外进液口进入的液体均匀进入各所述蛇形流道。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的***，其特征在于，所述外出液口位于所述箱体的上部且位于所述电池模组的上方。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的***，其特征在于，所述膨胀箱与所述循环泵之间设置有过滤器。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的***，其特征在于，所述外进液口处设置有第一温度传感器，所述第一温度传感器连接至所述控制器，用于监测经所述外进液口进入的液体的温度。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的***，其特征在于，所述外出液口处设置有第二温度传感器，所述第二温度传感器连接至所述控制器，用于监测从所述外出液口流出的液体的温度。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的***，其特征在于，该***还具有自循环模式和静态模式，所述控制器控制该***在冷却模式、加热模式、自循环模式和静态模式之间切换。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的***，其特征在于，所述电池模组与所述液冷板之间设置有导热硅胶。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的***，其特征在于，所述外进液口的数量为N个，N为正整数，所述液冷板的内部被分隔为N个进液空间，所述外进液口与所述进液空间一一对应连通，每个所述进液空间均设置有液体流道。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的***，其特征在于，所述内出液口设置在所述液冷板的两端。
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