WO2024109924A1 - 一种车辆用夹层玻璃及其应用 - Google Patents

一种车辆用夹层玻璃及其应用 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024109924A1
WO2024109924A1 PCT/CN2023/133937 CN2023133937W WO2024109924A1 WO 2024109924 A1 WO2024109924 A1 WO 2024109924A1 CN 2023133937 W CN2023133937 W CN 2023133937W WO 2024109924 A1 WO2024109924 A1 WO 2024109924A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
glass
laminated glass
vehicle
visible light
film
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PCT/CN2023/133937
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
洪锦泉
李炜军
关金亮
Original Assignee
福耀玻璃工业集团股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2024109924A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024109924A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
    • B60J1/00—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
    • B60J1/00—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor
    • B60J1/08—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor arranged at vehicle sides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
    • B60J1/00—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor
    • B60J1/18—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor arranged at the vehicle rear
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
    • B60J7/00—Non-fixed roofs; Roofs with movable panels, e.g. rotary sunroofs

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a laminated glass for a vehicle and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of vehicle glass.
  • heat insulation and heat preservation functions are generally achieved through heat-reflecting metal films and/or heat-absorbing intermediate films and/or low-emissivity films, and the heat-absorbing intermediate films used generally have a lower visible light transmittance, thereby preventing sunlight from entering the cabin through the roof and causing adverse consequences such as glare and dizziness.
  • laminated glass for vehicles generally does not have sunshades and its visible light reflectivity is generally more than 8%
  • the passengers and objects in the car (such as the center console display or the display of other electronic devices) will be reflected on the sunroof glass due to mirror reflection, causing visual interference to the passengers, especially the rear passengers, and causing discomfort to the human eye.
  • the reflection on the panoramic sunroof glass or panoramic skylight glass on electric vehicles becomes clearer and clearer. If the passengers in the car use electronic devices such as mobile phones, the content of the electronic devices may be clearly displayed on the sunroof glass and observed by other passengers, thereby causing privacy leakage.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a laminated glass for a vehicle.
  • the present invention provides a laminated glass for a vehicle, wherein the laminated glass for a vehicle comprises an outer glass, an inner glass and an intermediate film, wherein the outer glass has a first surface facing the outside of the vehicle. and a second surface facing the interior of the vehicle, the inner glass having a third surface facing the exterior of the vehicle and a fourth surface facing the interior of the vehicle, the intermediate film bonding the second surface and the third surface, an infrared reflective film being provided between the outer glass and the inner glass, and a low-emissivity film being provided on the fourth surface;
  • the mirror coefficient ⁇ can be 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, etc.
  • the mirror coefficient ⁇ of the laminated glass for vehicles is 3-10.
  • the edge area of the second surface is covered with a first dark shielding layer, and/or the edge area of the third surface or the fourth surface is covered with a second dark shielding layer; the width of the second dark shielding layer is greater than the width of the first dark shielding layer.
  • the thickness of the first dark shielding layer and the second dark shielding layer are both in the range of 10 ⁇ m-22 ⁇ m, preferably 10 ⁇ m-15 ⁇ m.
  • the width of the second dark shielding layer is greater than that of the first dark shielding layer, so that the printed border can be prevented from being seen in the vehicle.
  • the width of the second dark shielding layer differs from that of the first dark shielding layer by 3 mm to 10 mm, preferably by 5 mm.
  • the material of the first dark shielding layer and the second dark shielding layer may be black ceramic ink, which is an existing conventional material and can be obtained commercially, and includes glass material (content greater than 60wt%) and colorant.
  • both the first dark shielding layer and the second dark shielding layer can be manufactured by screen printing or inkjet printing.
  • the outer glass is a transparent glass with a visible light transmittance of ⁇ 80%, and a thickness of 1.8 mm-4.2 mm.
  • the inner glass is a transparent glass or green glass with a visible light transmittance of ⁇ 80%, and a thickness of 0.7 mm-2.1 mm.
  • the visible light transmittance of the inner glass with the low-emissivity film is 50%-70%.
  • the mirror coefficient ⁇ 1 of the inner glass with low-emissivity film is ⁇ 0.1
  • RLinside is the visible light reflectance of the inner glass with low-emissivity film measured from the side close to the low-emissivity film
  • TLinside is the visible light reflectance of the inner glass with low-emissivity film measured from the side close to the low-emissivity film
  • the visible light transmittance of the inner glass can be 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.09, 0.1, etc.
  • the visible light transmittance of the intermediate film is 1%-20%, preferably 2%-10%;
  • the intermediate film is a colored thermoplastic polymer film, and its material includes PVB, EVA, SGP or PU.
  • the present invention does not make specific requirements on the thickness of the intermediate film, and can be reasonably adjusted according to the actual situation on site.
  • the thickness of the intermediate film can generally be 0.38mm-1.63mm, preferably 0.76mm-1.25mm.
  • the infrared reflective film includes at least one metal layer and at least two first dielectric layers, and each metal layer is located between two adjacent first dielectric layers.
  • the present invention does not make specific requirements on the thickness of the infrared reflective film, and can be reasonably adjusted according to the actual situation on site.
  • the thickness of the infrared reflective film can be 100nm-500nm.
  • the infrared reflective film is disposed between the first dark-colored shielding layer and the intermediate film.
  • the low-emissivity film includes at least one transparent conductive oxide layer and at least two second dielectric layers, and each transparent conductive oxide layer is located between two adjacent second dielectric layers.
  • the low-emissivity film further comprises at least one visible light blocking layer, and the visible light blocking layer is in direct contact with the transparent conductive oxide layer.
  • the present invention does not make specific requirements on the thickness of the low-emissivity film, and can be reasonably adjusted according to the actual situation on site.
  • the thickness of the low-emissivity film can be 100nm-500nm.
  • the emissivity of the low-emissivity film is ⁇ 0.25
  • the surface resistance is ⁇ 23ohm/ m2
  • the reflected color of the inner glass with the low-emissivity film measured from the side close to the low-emissivity film is measured according to Lab: -10 ⁇ a ⁇ 2, -5 ⁇ b ⁇ 5.
  • the visible light transmittance TL of the laminated glass for vehicles is 0.5%-10%
  • the visible light reflectance RL of the laminated glass for vehicles measured from the inner side of the vehicle is ⁇ 6%, preferably ⁇ 4%, even ⁇ 2%, and even ⁇ 1%
  • the total solar energy transmittance of the laminated glass for vehicles is ⁇ 20%.
  • the present invention also provides the use of the above-mentioned laminated glass for vehicles as a sunroof glass, side window glass or rear windshield of a vehicle.
  • the vehicle may be, for example, a car.
  • the laminated glass for vehicles provided by the present invention is used as the roof glass of the vehicle, that is, the skylight glass
  • the use of shading devices such as sunshades or blackout cloths can be avoided; and the obvious reflections of passengers and objects in the vehicle on the skylight glass due to mirror reflection can be reduced or even eliminated, thereby avoiding visual interference to passengers, especially rear passengers, effectively improving the mirror reflection effect of the interior of the vehicle, improving user experience and protecting passenger privacy.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a laminated glass for a vehicle provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the "range” disclosed in the present invention is given in the form of a lower limit and an upper limit. It can be one or more lower limits, And one or more upper limits.
  • a given range is defined by selecting a lower limit and an upper limit.
  • the selected lower limit and upper limit define the boundaries of a particular range. All ranges defined in this way are combinable, i.e. any lower limit can be combined with any upper limit to form a range.
  • a range of 60-120 and 80-110 is listed for a particular parameter, and it is understood that a range of 60-110 and 80-120 is also expected.
  • the minimum range values listed are 1 and 2
  • the maximum range values listed are 3, 4 and 5, then the following ranges can all be expected: 1-3, 1-4, 1-5, 2-3, 2-4 and 2-5.
  • the numerical range “a-b” represents an abbreviation of any real number combination between a and b, where a and b are real numbers.
  • the numerical range “0-5" means that all real numbers between "0-5" have been listed in the present invention, and "0-5" is just an abbreviation of these numerical combinations.
  • the infrared reflective film 3 can reflect infrared rays in sunlight, thereby reducing the total solar energy transmittance of the laminated glass for vehicles.
  • the infrared reflective film 3 is arranged between the outer glass 1 and the inner glass 5. Specifically, it can be arranged on the second surface 12 of the outer glass 1, or on the third surface 51 of the inner glass 5, or on a thermoplastic film such as PET.
  • the thermoplastic film provided with the infrared reflective film 3 is sandwiched between the second surface 12 and the third surface 51.
  • the infrared reflective film 3 includes at least one metal layer and at least two first dielectric layers, and each metal layer is located between two adjacent first dielectric layers.
  • the material of the metal layer can be selected from metals or metal alloys such as silver (Ag), gold (Au), copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), platinum (Pt), etc., and the present invention is preferably silver metal or silver alloy, wherein the silver alloy is preferably an alloy of silver and at least one of gold, aluminum, copper, and platinum.
  • the number of metal layers in the infrared reflective film 3 can be exemplified as two, three, four, five or even more; taking silver metal or silver alloy as an example, there can be double silver infrared reflective film, triple silver infrared reflective film, quadruple silver infrared reflective film, five silver infrared reflective film, etc.
  • the material of the first dielectric layer can be selected from Zn, Mg, Sn, Ti, Nb, Zr, Ni, In, Al, Ce, W, Mo, Sb, Bi elements Oxides, or at least one of nitrides, oxynitrides and mixtures thereof of Si, Al, Zr, Y, Ce, La elements, such as zinc stannate, magnesium-doped zinc stannate, zinc oxide, magnesium-doped zinc oxide, zirconium-doped zinc oxide, niobium oxide, bismuth oxide, aluminum-doped zinc oxide, zirconium oxide, titanium oxide, titanium peroxide, etc.
  • the metal layer and the first dielectric layer can be formed by a magnetron sputtering process respectively, and the thickness of each metal layer is 4nm-20nm.
  • the infrared reflective film 3 can withstand subsequent high-temperature heat treatment or other bending forming processes, and the optical properties and mechanical properties of the obtained vehicle laminated glass can meet the use standards of vehicle glass.
  • the low-emissivity film 6 is arranged on the fourth surface 52 of the inner glass 5 to reduce the emissivity of the laminated glass for vehicles.
  • the emissivity of the low-emissivity film 6 is ⁇ 0.25, and more preferably ⁇ 0.20.
  • the low-emissivity film 6 includes at least one transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layer.
  • the material of the transparent conductive oxide layer can be selected from at least one of doped zinc oxide, indium tin oxide (ITO), and fluorine-doped tin dioxide (FTO).
  • the doped zinc oxide is one or more doped zinc oxides of elements such as aluminum, tungsten, hafnium, gallium, yttrium, niobium, and neodymium, and can specifically be at least one of aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), yttrium-doped zinc oxide (YZO), hafnium and aluminum-doped zinc oxide (HAZO), tungsten and aluminum-doped zinc oxide (W-AZO), and gallium-doped zinc oxide (GZO).
  • AZO aluminum-doped zinc oxide
  • YZO yttrium-doped zinc oxide
  • HZO hafnium and aluminum-doped zinc oxide
  • W-AZO tungsten and aluminum-doped zinc oxide
  • GZO gallium-doped zinc oxide
  • the total thickness of the transparent conductive oxide layer in the low-radiation film 6 is 50nm-300nm, and the low-radiation film 6 also includes at least two second dielectric layers, each transparent conductive oxide layer is located between two adjacent second dielectric layers, and the transparent conductive oxide layer and the second dielectric layer can be formed by magnetron sputtering process respectively.
  • the low-radiation film 6 can withstand subsequent high-temperature heat treatment or other bending forming processes, and the optical properties and mechanical properties of the obtained laminated glass for vehicles can meet the use standards of vehicle glass.
  • the anti-reflection effect of the low-radiation film 6 can also be achieved, which can reduce or even eliminate the obvious reflections of passengers and objects in the car on the sunroof glass due to mirror reflection, avoid visual interference to passengers, especially rear passengers, and improve user experience.
  • the material of the second dielectric layer is selected from nitrides, oxides, and nitrogen oxides of at least one element of Zn, Sn, Ti, Si, Al, Mg, and Zr.
  • the low-emissivity film 6 also includes at least one visible light blocking layer, the thickness of the visible light blocking layer is 4nm-20nm, and the visible light blocking layer is at least one selected from nickel-chromium alloy (NiCr), nickel-aluminum alloy (NiAl), nickel-silicon alloy (NiSi), metal chromium (Cr), titanium nitride (TiN), niobium nitride (NbN), and titanium-molybdenum alloy (MoTi).
  • NiCr nickel-chromium alloy
  • NiAl nickel-aluminum alloy
  • NiSi nickel-silicon alloy
  • Cr metal chromium
  • TiN titanium nitride
  • NbN niobium nitride
  • MoTi titanium-molybdenum alloy
  • the inner glass 5 can be made of transparent glass or green glass with a visible light transmittance ⁇ 80%, thereby achieving a mirror coefficient ⁇ 15 for the laminated glass for vehicles, which is beneficial to reduce or even eliminate the obvious reflections of passengers and objects in the car on the sunroof glass due to mirror reflection, avoiding visual interference to passengers, especially rear passengers, and improving user experience.
  • the laminated glass for a vehicle comprises an outer sheet of glass 1, an inner sheet of glass 5 and an intermediate film 4.
  • the outer sheet of glass 1 has a first surface 11 facing the outside of the vehicle and a second surface 12 facing the inside of the vehicle.
  • the inner sheet of glass 5 has a third surface 51 facing the outside of the vehicle and a fourth surface 52 facing the inside of the vehicle.
  • the intermediate film 4 joins the outer sheet of glass 1 and the inner sheet of glass 5.
  • An infrared reflective film 3 is provided on the second surface 12 of the outer sheet of glass 1, and a low-emissivity film 6 is provided on the fourth surface of the inner sheet of glass 5.
  • the edge area of the second surface 12 of the outer glass 1 is covered with a first dark shielding layer 2, and the edge area of the fourth surface 52 of the inner glass 5 is covered with a second dark shielding layer 7, and the width of the second dark shielding layer 7 is greater than the width of the first dark shielding layer 2; the materials of the first dark shielding layer 2 and the second dark shielding layer 7 are black ceramic ink.
  • the first dark shielding layer 2 can be directly printed on the second surface 12 by screen printing or other processes, or directly printed on the infrared reflective film 3.
  • the second dark shielding layer 7 can be directly printed on the fourth surface 52 by screen printing or other processes, or directly printed on the low-emissivity film 6.
  • the outer glass 1 is a transparent glass with a thickness of 2.1 mm and a visible light transmittance of 88%;
  • the inner glass 5 is a transparent glass with a thickness of 2.1 mm and a visible light transmittance of 88%;
  • the intermediate film 4 is gray PVB with a visible light transmittance of 8%.
  • the infrared reflection film 3 is a double silver infrared reflection film, and specifically comprises: transparent glass/ SiO2 (15nm)/ZnSnOx (32nm)/AZO (9nm)/Ag (9.6nm)/AZO (12.3nm)/ZnSnOx (46.3nm)/AZO (12nm)/Ag (11.8nm)/AZO (11nm)/ZnSnOx (25nm)/ Si3N4 ( 11nm ), Ag is a metal layer, and the others are a first dielectric layer.
  • the low-emissivity film 6 includes a visible light blocking layer, and is specifically: transparent glass/Si 3 N 4 (5nm)/ITO (160nm)/NiCr (4nm)/Si 3 N 4 (23nm)/SiO 2 (60nm)/Si 3 N 4 (5nm), wherein ITO is a transparent conductive oxide layer, NiCr is a visible light blocking layer, and the others are second dielectric layers.
  • This embodiment provides a laminated glass for a vehicle, which is different from the laminated glass for a vehicle provided in Embodiment 1 only in that:
  • the low-emissivity film 6 does not include a visible light blocking layer.
  • the low-emissivity film 6 is specifically: transparent glass/Si 3 N 4 (5nm)/ITO (118nm)/Si 3 N 4 (8nm)/SiO 2 (180nm), wherein ITO is a transparent conductive oxide layer, and the others are second dielectric layers.
  • This embodiment provides a laminated glass for a vehicle, which is different from the laminated glass for a vehicle provided in Embodiment 1. The only difference is:
  • the intermediate film 4 is grey PVB, and its visible light transmittance is 5%.
  • This comparative example provides a laminated glass for a vehicle, which is different from the laminated glass for a vehicle provided in Example 1 only in that:
  • the fourth surface 52 of the inner glass 5 is not provided with a low-emissivity film 6 .
  • This comparative example provides a laminated glass for a vehicle, which is different from the laminated glass for a vehicle provided in Example 1 only in that:
  • the second surface 12 of the outer glass 1 is not provided with an infrared reflective film 3;
  • the outer glass 1 is a gray glass with a thickness of 2.1 mm and a visible light transmittance of 40%;
  • the inner glass 5 is a gray glass with a thickness of 2.1 mm and a visible light transmittance of 40%;
  • the intermediate film 4 is a gray PVB with a visible light transmittance of 18%.
  • This comparative example provides a laminated glass for a vehicle, which is different from the laminated glass for a vehicle provided in Example 1 only in that:
  • the low-emissivity film 6 is a single FTO layer, and the FTO layer is formed by a float online chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process.
  • CVD chemical vapor deposition
  • the laminated glass for vehicles provided in Examples 1 to 3 and the laminated glass for vehicles provided in Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were obtained, and then the visible light transmittance (TL), visible light reflectance (RL), total solar transmittance (TTS) and other tests were performed on them, and the mirror coefficient ( ⁇ ) was calculated.
  • the relevant test results and calculation results are shown in Table 1.
  • Visible light transmittance The visible light transmittance of laminated glass for vehicles in the wavelength range of 380nm to 780nm is measured and calculated according to ISO9050;
  • Visible light reflectance The visible light reflectance of laminated glass for vehicles in the wavelength range of 380nm to 780nm is measured and calculated from the inside of the vehicle according to ISO9050;
  • Total Solar Transmittance The total solar transmittance of laminated glass for vehicles in the wavelength range of 300nm to 2500nm is measured and calculated according to ISO9050;
  • the visible light transmittance TL of the laminated glass for vehicles provided by Examples 1 to 3 of the present invention is 0.5%-10%, the visible light reflectance ⁇ 3%, the mirror coefficient is 3-10, and the total solar energy transmittance ⁇ 20%.
  • the laminated glass for vehicles provided in Comparative Example 1 does not have a low-emissivity film 6, so its emissivity is about 0.9, and it does not have the effect of heat insulation in summer and heat preservation in winter. Not only is its total solar energy transmittance greater than 20%, but its mirror coefficient is also greater than 15. Compared with Examples 1 to 3, the laminated glass for vehicles provided in Comparative Example 1 does not have low-emissivity performance, has poor heat insulation effect, and has strong mirror reflection, and cannot meet the demand for canceling the sunshade.
  • the vehicle laminated glass provided in Comparative Example 2 is not provided with an infrared reflective film 3, in order to reduce its total solar energy transmittance to about 20% as much as possible, two pieces of gray glass are used. Although its visible light transmittance and visible light reflectance meet the use requirements and its total solar energy transmittance is also close to 20%, its mirror coefficient is greater than 15, and the mirror reflection is too strong to meet the use requirements of canceling the sunshade.
  • the visible light transmittance, mirror coefficient and total solar energy transmittance of the laminated glass for vehicles provided in Comparative Example 3 all meet the use requirements, but its visible light reflectance is greater than 8%, and cannot meet the use requirements of canceling the sunshade.
  • the laminated glass for a vehicle comprises an outer glass 1, an inner glass 5 and an intermediate film 4.
  • the outer glass 1 has a first surface 11 facing the outside of the vehicle and a second surface 12 facing the inside of the vehicle.
  • the inner glass 5 has a third surface 51 facing the outside of the vehicle and a fourth surface 52 facing the inside of the vehicle.
  • the intermediate film 4 joins the outer glass 1 and the inner glass 5.
  • An infrared reflective film 3 is provided on the second surface 12 of the outer glass 1, and an infrared reflective film 3 is provided on the fourth surface 52 of the inner glass 5.
  • a low-emissivity film 6 is provided.
  • the edge area of the second surface 12 of the outer glass 1 is covered with a first dark shielding layer 2, and the edge area of the fourth surface 52 of the inner glass 5 is covered with a second dark shielding layer 7, and the width of the second dark shielding layer 7 is greater than the width of the first dark shielding layer 2; the materials of the first dark shielding layer 2 and the second dark shielding layer 7 are black ceramic ink.
  • the first dark shielding layer 2 can be directly printed on the second surface 12 by screen printing or other processes, or directly printed on the infrared reflective film 3.
  • the second dark shielding layer 7 can be directly printed on the fourth surface 52 by screen printing or other processes, or directly printed on the low-emissivity film 6.
  • the outer glass 1 is a transparent glass with a thickness of 2.1 mm and a visible light transmittance of 88%;
  • the inner glass 5 is a transparent glass with a thickness of 2.1 mm and a visible light transmittance of 88%;
  • the intermediate film 4 is gray PVB with a visible light transmittance of 8%.
  • the infrared reflection film 3 is a triple-silver infrared reflection film, and the infrared reflection film 3 is specifically: transparent glass/SiO2(13nm)/ZnSnOx(26.8nm)/AZO(15.2nm)/Ag(10.7nm)/AZO(8.2nm)/TiO2(12.6nm)/ZnSnOx(55.3nm)/AZO(6.2nm)/Ag(13.2nm)/AZO(6nm)/ZnSnOx(56.3nm)/AZO(7nm)/Ag(12.5nm)/AZO(6.5nm)/TiO2(14.9nm)/ZnSnOx(19nm)/Si3N4(11nm), Ag is a metal layer, and the others are the first dielectric layer.
  • the low-emissivity film 6 includes a visible light blocking layer, and is specifically: transparent glass/Si 3 N 4 (5nm)/ITO (160nm)/NiCr (4nm)/Si 3 N 4 (23nm)/SiO 2 (60nm)/Si 3 N 4 (5nm), wherein ITO is a transparent conductive oxide layer, NiCr is a visible light blocking layer, and the others are second dielectric layers.
  • This embodiment provides a laminated glass for a vehicle, which is different from the laminated glass for a vehicle provided in Embodiment 4 only in that:
  • the inner glass 5 is green glass with a thickness of 2.1 mm and a visible light transmittance of 82%.
  • This embodiment provides a laminated glass for a vehicle, which is different from the laminated glass for a vehicle provided in Embodiment 4 only in that:
  • the intermediate film 4 is grey PVB, and its visible light transmittance is 5%.
  • This comparative example provides a laminated glass for a vehicle, which is different from the laminated glass for a vehicle provided in Example 4 only in that:
  • the intermediate film 4 is grey PVB, and its visible light transmittance is 2%;
  • the low-radiation film 6 does not include a visible light blocking layer.
  • the low-radiation film 6 is specifically: transparent glass /Si 3 N 4 (5nm)/ITO (118nm)/Si 3 N 4 (8nm)/SiO 2 (180nm), wherein ITO is a transparent conductive oxide layer, and the others are a second dielectric layer.
  • This embodiment provides a laminated glass for a vehicle, which is different from the laminated glass for a vehicle provided in Embodiment 4 only in that:
  • the inner glass 5 is green glass with a thickness of 2.1 mm and a visible light transmittance of 82%; the intermediate film 4 is gray PVB with a visible light transmittance of 2%;
  • the low-emissivity film 6 does not include a visible light blocking layer.
  • the low-emissivity film 6 is specifically: transparent glass/Si 3 N 4 (5nm)/ITO (118nm)/Si 3 N 4 (8nm)/SiO 2 (180nm), wherein ITO is a transparent conductive oxide layer, and the others are second dielectric layers.
  • This embodiment provides a laminated glass for a vehicle, which is different from the laminated glass for a vehicle provided in Embodiment 4 only in that:
  • the inner glass 5 is gray glass with a thickness of 2.1 mm and a visible light transmittance of 40%; the intermediate film 4 is gray PVB with a visible light transmittance of 2%.
  • the laminated glass for vehicles provided in Examples 4 to 6 and the laminated glass for vehicles provided in Comparative Examples 4 to 6 were obtained, and then the visible light transmittance (TL), visible light reflectance (RL), total solar energy transmittance (TTS) and other tests were performed on them, and the mirror coefficient ( ⁇ ) was calculated.
  • TL visible light transmittance
  • RL visible light reflectance
  • TTS total solar energy transmittance
  • ⁇ mirror coefficient
  • Visible light transmittance The visible light transmittance of laminated glass for vehicles in the wavelength range of 380nm to 780nm is measured and calculated according to ISO9050;
  • Visible light reflectance The visible light reflectance of laminated glass for vehicles in the wavelength range of 380nm to 780nm is measured and calculated from the inside of the vehicle according to ISO9050;
  • Total Solar Transmittance The total solar transmittance of laminated glass for vehicles in the wavelength range of 300nm to 2500nm is measured and calculated according to ISO9050;
  • the visible light transmittance TL of the laminated glass for vehicles provided by Examples 4 to 6 of the present invention is 0.5%-6%, the visible light reflectance ⁇ 2%, the mirror coefficient is 3-10, and the total solar energy transmittance ⁇ 13%.
  • the visible light transmittance, visible light reflectance, and total solar energy transmittance of the laminated glass for vehicles provided in Comparative Examples 4 to 6 all meet the use requirements, when the visible light transmittance TL is reduced to TL ⁇ 2%, if the visible light reflectance RL is not further reduced to a lower level, its mirror coefficient is much greater than 15, or even greater than 100, and the mirror reflection is very strong, which cannot meet the use requirements of canceling the sunshade. In order to meet the use requirements of canceling the sunshade by making its mirror coefficient ⁇ 15 and thereby reducing the mirror reflection, when the visible light transmittance is reduced to TL ⁇ 2%, the visible light reflectance RL needs to be further reduced to RL ⁇ 0.6%.
  • the inner glass 5 used in Examples 1, 3, 4, 5 and 6 of the present invention is transparent glass or green glass with a visible light transmittance ⁇ 80%, and the low-emissivity film 6 also includes at least one visible light blocking layer, which is in direct contact with the transparent conductive oxide layer.
  • the inner glass 5 provided with the low-emissivity film 6 in Example 1, Example 3, Example 4, Example 5, and Example 6 were selected for performance testing. Please see Table 3 for relevant performance test results.
  • Visible light transmittance ( in TL): the visible light transmittance of the inner glass 5 provided with the low-emissivity film 6 in the wavelength range of 380nm to 780nm is measured and calculated according to ISO9050;
  • Visible light reflectance (RL inner ): the visible light reflectance of the inner glass 5 provided with the low-emissivity film 6 in the wavelength range of 380nm to 780nm is measured and calculated from the side close to the low-emissivity film 6 according to ISO9050;
  • Total solar transmittance ( inside TTS): the total solar transmittance of the inner glass 5 with low-emissivity film 6 in the wavelength range of 300nm to 2500nm is measured and calculated according to ISO9050;
  • Emissivity measured from the side close to the low-emissivity film 6, using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and according to the standard EN12898 calculation calibration;
  • Reflected color measured from the side close to the low-emissivity film 6, at an incident angle of 65°, based on D65 light source and a viewing angle of 10°, calculated according to the CIE Lab color model, the a value represents the red-green value, and the b value represents the yellow-blue value.
  • the transmittance of the inner glass 5 after the low-emissivity film 6 is 50%-70%
  • the reflectivity is ⁇ 4%
  • the mirror coefficient is ⁇ 0.1
  • the emissivity is ⁇ 0.25
  • the surface resistance is ⁇ 23ohm/m 2.
  • the reflected color of the inner glass 5 with the low-emissivity film 6 measured from the side close to the low-emissivity film 6 is measured by Lab: -10 ⁇ a ⁇ 2, -5 ⁇ b ⁇ 5.
  • adding at least one visible light blocking layer to the low-emissivity film 6 can further improve the visible light transmittance, visible light reflectance, mirror coefficient and total solar energy transmittance, etc., and further, when achieving the same level of visible light transmittance, visible light reflectance and total solar energy transmittance, there is no need to use the intermediate film 4 or gray glass with lower visible light transmittance, thereby greatly reducing the production cost and difficulty, and avoiding the mirror coefficient being much greater than 15, which can better meet the use requirements of canceling the sunshade.

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Abstract

一种车辆用夹层玻璃及其应用，该车辆用夹层玻璃包括外片玻璃、内片玻璃和中间膜，外片玻璃具有朝向车外的第一表面和朝向车内的第二表面，内片玻璃具有朝向车外的第三表面和朝向车内的第四表面，中间膜将第二表面和第三表面接合，外片玻璃和内片玻璃之间设有红外反射膜，第四表面上设有低辐射膜；车辆用夹层玻璃的镜面系数α≤15，所述镜面系数α根据公式α＝RL/TL2计算，RL为从车内一侧测量所述车辆用夹层玻璃的可见光反射率，TL为所述车辆用夹层玻璃的可见光透过率。将所述车辆用夹层玻璃用作车辆车顶的天窗玻璃时，能够满足取消遮阳帘的使用需求，并且可以有效改善车内面的镜面反射效果，提高用户体验和保护乘客隐私。

Description

一种车辆用夹层玻璃及其应用
本申请要求于2022年11月24日提交中国专利局、申请号为202211479714.6、发明名称为“一种车辆用夹层玻璃及其应用”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种车辆用夹层玻璃及其应用，属于车用玻璃技术领域。
背景技术
对于现有技术，如US20040219368A1和CN101400515A等中使用的用于无遮阳帘的汽车全景天幕玻璃，其一般是通过热反射金属膜和/或吸热中间膜和/或低辐射膜来实现隔热和保温功能，且其采用的吸热中间膜一般具有较低的可见光透过率，避免阳光通过车顶入射至舱内引起刺眼、晕眩的不良后果。
同时，由于车辆用夹层玻璃一般是不带遮阳帘的，且其可见光反射率一般都超过8％，当用作车辆车顶的天窗玻璃时，车内的乘客和物品(例如中控台显示器或其他电子设备的显示器)在天窗玻璃上因镜面反射而形成明显的倒影，对乘客特别是后排乘客造成视觉干扰，给人眼造成不适感。而且，随着天窗玻璃的尺寸越来越大且可见光透过率越来越低，例如电动汽车上的全景天窗玻璃或全景天幕玻璃上的倒影越来越清晰，如果车内乘客使用手机等电子设备，电子设备中的内容可能清晰显示在天窗玻璃上而被其他乘客观察到，从而造成隐私泄露。
因此，为了实现在无遮阳帘的情况下，改善镜面反射情况，提供一种车辆用夹层玻璃及其应用已经成为本领域亟需解决的技术问题。
发明内容
为了实现在无遮阳帘的情况下，改善镜面反射情况，本发明的一个目的在于提供一种车辆用夹层玻璃。
本发明的另一个目的还在于提供以上所述的车辆用夹层玻璃作为车辆的天窗玻璃、边窗玻璃或后挡风玻璃的应用。
为了实现以上目的，一方面，本发明提供了一种车辆用夹层玻璃，其中，所述车辆用夹层玻璃包括外片玻璃、内片玻璃和中间膜，所述外片玻璃具有朝向车外的第一表面 和朝向车内的第二表面，所述内片玻璃具有朝向车外的第三表面和朝向车内的第四表面，所述中间膜将所述第二表面和所述第三表面接合，所述外片玻璃和所述内片玻璃之间设有红外反射膜，所述第四表面上设有低辐射膜；
所述车辆用夹层玻璃的镜面系数α≤15，所述镜面系数α根据公式α＝RL/TL2计算，RL为从车内一侧测量所述车辆用夹层玻璃的可见光反射率，TL为所述车辆用夹层玻璃的可见光透过率。其中，镜面系数α具体可举例为3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15等。
作为本发明以上所述车辆用夹层玻璃的一具体实施方式，其中，所述车辆用夹层玻璃的镜面系数α为3-10。
作为本发明以上所述车辆用夹层玻璃的一具体实施方式，其中，所述第二表面的边缘区域覆盖有第一深色遮蔽层，和/或，所述第三表面或所述第四表面的边缘区域覆盖有第二深色遮蔽层；所述第二深色遮蔽层的宽度大于所述第一深色遮蔽层的宽度。
作为本发明以上所述车辆用夹层玻璃的一具体实施方式，其中，第一深色遮蔽层和第二深色遮蔽层的厚度范围均为10μm-22μm，优选为10μm-15μm。
本发明中，第二深色遮蔽层的宽度大于第一深色遮蔽层的宽度，此时可以避免车内看到印刷边界。作为本发明以上所述车辆用夹层玻璃的一具体实施方式，其中，第二深色遮蔽层和第一深色遮蔽层的宽度相差3mm-10mm，优选为5mm。
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述第一深色遮蔽层和第二深色遮蔽层的材质可为黑色陶瓷油墨，该黑色陶瓷油墨为现有常规材料，可通过商购获得，其包含玻璃料(含量大于60wt％)和色料等。
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述第一深色遮蔽层和第二深色遮蔽层均可通过丝网印刷或者喷墨印刷方式制得。
作为本发明以上所述车辆用夹层玻璃的一具体实施方式，其中，所述外片玻璃为可见光透过率≥80％的透明玻璃，其厚度为1.8mm-4.2mm。
作为本发明以上所述车辆用夹层玻璃的一具体实施方式，其中，所述内片玻璃为可见光透过率≥80％的透明玻璃或者绿色玻璃，其厚度为0.7mm-2.1mm。
作为本发明以上所述车辆用夹层玻璃的一具体实施方式，其中，设有低辐射膜的内片玻璃的可见光透过率为50％-70％。
作为本发明以上所述车辆用夹层玻璃的一具体实施方式，其中，设有低辐射膜的内片玻璃的镜面系数α1≤0.1，所述镜面系数α1根据公式α1＝RL内/TL内 2计算，RL内为从靠近低辐射膜一侧测量设有低辐射膜的内片玻璃的可见光反射率，TL内为设有低辐射膜 的内片玻璃的可见光透过率。其中，镜面系数α1具体可举例为0.05、0.06、0.07、0.08、0.09、0.1等。
作为本发明以上所述车辆用夹层玻璃的一具体实施方式，其中，所述中间膜的可见光透过率为1％-20％，优选为2％-10％；
更优选地，所述中间膜为着色的热塑性聚合物薄膜，其材质包括PVB、EVA、SGP或者PU。
本发明对所述中间膜的厚度不做具体要求，可根据现场实际情况进行合理调整。例如，在本发明的一些实施例中，所述中间膜的厚度一般可为0.38mm-1.63mm，优选为0.76mm-1.25mm。
作为本发明以上所述车辆用夹层玻璃的一具体实施方式，其中，所述红外反射膜包括至少一个金属层和至少两个第一介质层，每个金属层位于相邻两个第一介质层之间。
本发明对所述红外反射膜的厚度不做具体要求，可根据现场实际情况进行合理调整。例如，在本发明的一些实施例中，所述红外反射膜的厚度可为100nm-500nm。
本发明中，当所述外片玻璃的第二表面的边缘区域覆盖有第一深色遮蔽层时，红外反射膜设置于该第一深色遮蔽层和中间膜之间。
作为本发明以上所述车辆用夹层玻璃的一具体实施方式，其中，所述低辐射膜包括至少一个透明导电氧化物层和至少两个第二介质层，每个透明导电氧化物层位于相邻两个第二介质层之间。
作为本发明以上所述车辆用夹层玻璃的一具体实施方式，其中，所述低辐射膜还包括至少一个可见光阻挡层，所述可见光阻挡层与所述透明导电氧化物层直接接触。
本发明对所述低辐射膜的厚度不做具体要求，可根据现场实际情况进行合理调整。例如，在本发明的一些实施例中，所述低辐射膜的厚度可为100nm-500nm。
作为本发明以上所述车辆用夹层玻璃的一具体实施方式，其中，所述低辐射膜的辐射率≤0.25，面电阻≤23ohm/m2，从靠近低辐射膜一侧测量设有低辐射膜的内片玻璃的反射颜色按Lab计：-10≤a≤2，-5≤b≤5。
作为本发明以上所述车辆用夹层玻璃的一具体实施方式，其中，所述车辆用夹层玻璃的可见光透过率TL为0.5％-10％，从车内一侧测量所述车辆用夹层玻璃的可见光反射率RL≤6％，优选≤4％，甚至≤2％，更甚至≤1％，所述车辆用夹层玻璃的太阳能总透过率≤20％。
另一方面，本发明还提供了以上所述的车辆用夹层玻璃作为车辆的天窗玻璃、边窗玻璃或后挡风玻璃的应用。
作为本发明以上所述应用的一具体实施方式，其中，所述车辆例如可为汽车等。
将本发明所提供的车辆用夹层玻璃作为车辆的车顶玻璃，即天窗玻璃使用时，可避免使用遮阳帘或遮光布等遮光设备；并且可以减弱甚至消除车内的乘客和物品在天窗玻璃上因镜面反射而形成明显的倒影，避免对乘客特别是后排乘客造成视觉干扰，有效改善车内面的镜面反射效果，提高用户体验和保护乘客隐私。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明实施例提供的车辆用夹层玻璃的结构示意图。
主要附图标号说明：
1、外片玻璃；
11、第一表面；
12、第二表面；
2、第一深色遮蔽层；
3、红外反射膜；
4、中间膜；
5、内片玻璃；
51、第三表面；
52、第四表面；
6、低辐射膜；
7、第二深色遮蔽层。
具体实施方式
需要说明的是，本发明的说明书、权利要求书和以上附图中的术语“包括”以及其任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含，例如，包含了一系列步骤、单元或者组分的过程、方法、***、产品、设备或者组合物不必限于清楚地列出的那些步骤、单元或者组分，而是可包括没有清楚地列出的或对于这些过程、方法、产品、设备或者组合物固有的其它步骤、单元或者组分。
本发明所公开的“范围”以下限和上限的形式给出。可以分别为一个或多个下限， 和一个或多个上限。给定的范围是通过选定一个下限和一个上限进行限定的。选定的下限和上限限定了特别范围的边界。所有以这种方式进行限定的范围是可组合的，即任何下限可以与任何上限组合形成一个范围。例如，针对特定参数列出了60-120和80-110的范围，理解为60-110和80-120的范围也是可以预料到的。此外，如果列出的最小范围值为1和2，列出的最大范围值为3，4和5，则下面的范围可全部预料到：1-3、1-4、1-5、2-3、2-4和2-5。
在本发明中，除非有其他说明，数值范围“a-b”表示a到b之间的任意实数组合的缩略表示，其中a和b都是实数。例如数值范围“0-5”表示本发明中已经全部列出了“0-5”之间的全部实数，“0-5”只是这些数值组合的缩略表示。
在本发明中，如果没有特别的说明，本发明所提到的所有实施方式以及优选实施方式可以相互组合形成新的技术方案。
在本发明中，如果没有特别的说明，本发明所提到的所有技术特征以及优选特征可以相互组合形成新的技术方案。
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附表、附图和实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。下列所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例，仅用于说明本发明，而不应视为限制本发明的范围。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。实施例中未注明具体条件者，按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者，均为可以通过市售购买获得的常规产品。
本发明中，所述红外反射膜3能够反射太阳光中的红外线，从而降低车辆用夹层玻璃的太阳能总透过率，所述红外反射膜3设置在所述外片玻璃1和所述内片玻璃5之间，具体可以设置在所述外片玻璃1的第二表面12上，也可以设置在内片玻璃5的第三表面51上，还可以设置在PET等热塑性薄膜上，设置有所述红外反射膜3的热塑性薄膜夹设在第二表面12和第三表面51之间。
其中，所述红外反射膜3包括至少一个金属层和至少两个第一介质层，每个金属层位于相邻两个第一介质层之间。金属层的材料可以选用银(Ag)、金(Au)、铜(Cu)、铝(Al)、铂金(Pt)等金属或金属合金，本发明优选为银金属或银合金，其中银合金优选为银与金、铝、铜、铂金中至少一种的合金。根据实际应用的需要，所述红外反射膜3中的金属层的数量可以举例为两个、三个、四个、五个甚至更多个；以银金属或银合金举例，可以有双银红外反射膜、三银红外反射膜、四银红外反射膜、五银红外反射膜等。第一介质层的材料可以选自Zn、Mg、Sn、Ti、Nb、Zr、Ni、In、Al、Ce、W、Mo、Sb、Bi元素 的氧化物，或Si、Al、Zr、Y、Ce、La元素的氮化物、氮氧化物及其混合物中的至少一种，例如锡酸锌、掺镁锡酸锌、氧化锌、掺镁氧化锌、掺锆氧化锌、氧化铌、氧化铋、掺铝氧化锌、氧化锆、氧化钛、过氧化钛等。
其中，所述金属层和所述第一介质层可以分别通过磁控溅射工艺形成，每个金属层的厚度为4nm-20nm，通过对金属层和第一介质层的材料和厚度进行优化设计，使所述红外反射膜3能够承受后续高温热处理或其他弯曲成型工艺，并且得到的车辆用夹层玻璃的光学性能、机械性能等均能够满足车辆玻璃的使用标准。
本发明中，所述低辐射膜6设置在所述内片玻璃5的第四表面52上，用于降低车辆用夹层玻璃的辐射率，优选所述低辐射膜6的辐射率≤0.25，更优选≤0.20，所述低辐射膜6包括至少一个的透明导电氧化物(TCO)层，透明导电氧化物层的材料可以选自掺杂的氧化锌、氧化铟锡(ITO)、掺氟的二氧化锡(FTO)中至少一种，所述掺杂的氧化锌为铝、钨、铪、镓、钇、铌、钕等元素中的一种或几种掺杂的氧化锌，具体可以为铝掺杂的氧化锌(AZO)、钇掺杂的氧化锌(YZO)、铪和铝掺杂的氧化锌(HAZO)、钨和铝掺杂的氧化锌(W-AZO)、镓掺杂的氧化锌(GZO)中的至少一种。
其中，所述低辐射膜6中的透明导电氧化物层的总厚度为50nm-300nm，所述低辐射膜6还包括至少两个第二介质层，每个透明导电氧化物层位于相邻两个第二介质层之间，所述透明导电氧化物层和所述第二介质层可以分别通过磁控溅射工艺形成，通过对透明导电氧化物层和第二介质层的材料和厚度进行优化设计，使所述低辐射膜6能够承受后续高温热处理或其他弯曲成型工艺，并且得到的车辆用夹层玻璃的光学性能、机械性能等均能够满足车辆玻璃的使用标准。此外，还能够实现所述低辐射膜6的减反射效果，可以减弱甚至消除车内的乘客和物品在天窗玻璃上因镜面反射而形成明显的倒影，避免对乘客特别是后排乘客造成视觉干扰，提高用户体验。可选地，所述第二介质层的材料选自Zn、Sn、Ti、Si、Al、Mg、Zr中至少一种元素的氮化物、氧化物、氮氧化物。
此外，所述低辐射膜6还包括至少一个可见光阻挡层，所述可见光阻挡层的厚度为4nm-20nm，所述可见光阻挡层为选自镍铬合金(NiCr)、镍铝合金(NiAl)、镍硅合金(NiSi)、金属铬(Cr)、氮化钛(TiN)、氮化铌(NbN)、钛钼合金(MoTi)中的至少一种，通过在所述低辐射膜6中增设可见光阻挡层使得内片玻璃5可以选用可见光透过率≥80％的透明玻璃或绿色玻璃，进而实现车辆用夹层玻璃的镜面系数α≤15，有利于减弱甚至消除车内的乘客和物品在天窗玻璃上因镜面反射而形成明显的倒影，避免对乘客特别是后排乘客造成视觉干扰，提高用户体验。
实施例1-实施例3和对比例1-对比例3
实施例1
本实施例提供了一种车辆用夹层玻璃，其结构示意图如图1所示，从图1中可以看出，所述车辆用夹层玻璃包括外片玻璃1、内片玻璃5和中间膜4，所述外片玻璃1具有朝向车外的第一表面11和朝向车内的第二表面12，所述内片玻璃5具有朝向车外的第三表面51和朝向车内的第四表面52，所述中间膜4将外片玻璃1和内片玻璃5接合，所述外片玻璃1的第二表面12上设有红外反射膜3，所述内片玻璃5的第四表面上设有低辐射膜6。
所述外片玻璃1的第二表面12的边缘区域覆盖有第一深色遮蔽层2，所述内片玻璃5的第四表面52的边缘区域覆盖有第二深色遮蔽层7，且第二深色遮蔽层7的宽度大于第一深色遮蔽层2的宽度；所述第一深色遮蔽层2和第二深色遮蔽层7的材料为黑色陶瓷油墨。所述第一深色遮蔽层2可以通过丝网印刷等工艺直接印刷在第二表面12上，也可以直接印刷在红外反射膜3上。第二深色遮蔽层7可以通过丝网印刷等工艺直接印刷在第四表面52上，也可以直接印刷在低辐射膜6上。
本实施例中，所述外片玻璃1为厚度是2.1mm的透明玻璃，其可见光透过率为88％；所述内片玻璃5为厚度是2.1mm的透明玻璃，其可见光透过率为88％；所述中间膜4为灰色PVB，其可见光透过率为8％。
所述红外反射膜3为双银红外反射膜，所述红外反射膜3具体为：透明玻璃/SiO2(15nm)/ZnSnOx(32nm)/AZO(9nm)/Ag(9.6nm)/AZO(12.3nm)/ZnSnOx(46.3nm)/AZO(12nm)/Ag(11.8nm)/AZO(11nm)/ZnSnOx(25nm)/Si3N4(11nm)，Ag为金属层，其他为第一介质层。
所述低辐射膜6中包括可见光阻挡层，所述低辐射膜6具体为：透明玻璃/Si3N4(5nm)/ITO(160nm)/NiCr(4nm)/Si3N4(23nm)/SiO2(60nm)/Si3N4(5nm)，其中ITO为透明导电氧化物层，NiCr为可见光阻挡层，其他为第二介质层。
实施例2
本实施例提供了一种车辆用夹层玻璃，其与实施例1提供的车辆用夹层玻璃的区别之处仅在于：
所述低辐射膜6中不包括可见光阻挡层，所述低辐射膜6具体为：透明玻璃/Si3N4(5nm)/ITO(118nm)/Si3N4(8nm)/SiO2(180nm)，其中ITO为透明导电氧化物层，其他为第二介质层。
实施例3
本实施例提供了一种车辆用夹层玻璃，其与实施例1提供的车辆用夹层玻璃的区别 之处仅在于：
所述中间膜4为灰色PVB，其可见光透过率为5％。
对比例1
本对比例提供了一种车辆用夹层玻璃，其与实施例1提供的车辆用夹层玻璃的区别之处仅在于：
所述内片玻璃5的第四表面52上不设有低辐射膜6。
对比例2
本对比例提供了一种车辆用夹层玻璃，其与实施例1提供的车辆用夹层玻璃的区别之处仅在于：
所述外片玻璃1的第二表面12上不设有红外反射膜3；所述外片玻璃1为厚度是2.1mm的灰色玻璃，其可见光透过率为40％；所述内片玻璃5为厚度是2.1mm的灰色玻璃，其可见光透过率为40％；所述中间膜4为灰色PVB，其可见光透过率为18％。
对比例3
本对比例提供了一种车辆用夹层玻璃，其与实施例1提供的车辆用夹层玻璃的区别之处仅在于：
所述低辐射膜6为单个FTO层，FTO层通过浮法在线化学气相沉积(CVD)工艺形成。
性能测试例1
根据汽车玻璃生产工艺得到实施例1-实施例3提供的车辆用夹层玻璃以及对比例1-对比例3提供的车辆用夹层玻璃，然后对其分别进行可见光透过率(TL)、可见光反射率(RL)、太阳能总透过率(TTS)等测试，并计算得到镜面系数(α)，相关测试结果及计算结果请见表1。
可见光透过率(TL)：根据ISO9050测量计算车辆用夹层玻璃在380nm至780nm波长范围内的可见光透过率；
可见光反射率(RL)：根据ISO9050从车内一侧测量计算车辆用夹层玻璃在380nm至780nm波长范围内的可见光反射率；
太阳能总透过率(TTS)：根据ISO9050测量计算车辆用夹层玻璃在300nm至2500nm波长范围内的太阳能总透过率；
镜面系数(α)：根据公式α＝RL/TL2计算。
表1：实施例1-实施例3和对比例1-对比例3的测试结果及计算结果
从以上表1中可以看出，本发明实施例1-实施例3提供的车辆用夹层玻璃的可见光透过率TL为0.5％-10％、可见光反射率≤3％、镜面系数为3-10、太阳能总透过率≤20％，这表明相较于对比例1-对比例3提供的车辆用夹层玻璃，当将实施例1-实施例3提供的车辆用夹层玻璃用作车辆车顶的天窗玻璃时，能够满足取消遮阳帘的使用需求，并且可以减弱甚至消除车内的乘客和物品在天窗玻璃上因镜面反射而形成明显的倒影，避免对乘客特别是后排乘客造成视觉干扰，有效改善车内面的镜面反射效果，提高用户体验和保护乘客隐私。
对比例1提供的车辆用夹层玻璃由于不设有低辐射膜6，使其辐射率在0.9左右，不具有夏天隔热、冬天保温的效果，不仅其太阳能总透过率大于20％，而且其镜面系数大于15；与实施例1-实施例3相比，对比例1提供的车辆用夹层玻璃不具有低辐射性能、隔热效果较差、镜面反射较强，无法满足取消遮阳帘的使用需求。
对比例2提供的车辆用夹层玻璃由于不设有红外反射膜3，为了使其太阳能总透过率尽可能降低至20％左右，采用了两片灰色玻璃，虽然其可见光透过率、可见光反射率满足使用要求，其太阳能总透过率也接近20％，但其镜面系数大于15，镜面反射较强而无法满足取消遮阳帘的使用需求。
对比例3提供的车辆用夹层玻璃的可见光透过率、镜面系数、太阳能总透过率均满足使用要求，但其可见光反射率大于8％，也无法满足取消遮阳帘的使用需求。
实施例4-实施例6和对比例4-对比例6
实施例4
本实施例提供了一种车辆用夹层玻璃，其结构示意图如图1所示，从图1中可以看出，所述车辆用夹层玻璃包括外片玻璃1、内片玻璃5和中间膜4，所述外片玻璃1具有朝向车外的第一表面11和朝向车内的第二表面12，所述内片玻璃5具有朝向车外的第三表面51和朝向车内的第四表面52，所述中间膜4将外片玻璃1和内片玻璃5接合，所述外片玻璃1的第二表面12上设有红外反射膜3，所述内片玻璃5的第四表面52上 设有低辐射膜6。
所述外片玻璃1的第二表面12的边缘区域覆盖有第一深色遮蔽层2，所述内片玻璃5的第四表面52的边缘区域覆盖有第二深色遮蔽层7，且第二深色遮蔽层7的宽度大于第一深色遮蔽层2的宽度；所述第一深色遮蔽层2和第二深色遮蔽层7的材料为黑色陶瓷油墨。所述第一深色遮蔽层2可以通过丝网印刷等工艺直接印刷在第二表面12上，也可以直接印刷在红外反射膜3上。第二深色遮蔽层7可以通过丝网印刷等工艺直接印刷在第四表面52上，也可以直接印刷在低辐射膜6上。
本实施例中，所述外片玻璃1为厚度是2.1mm的透明玻璃，其可见光透过率为88％；所述内片玻璃5为厚度是2.1mm的透明玻璃，其可见光透过率为88％；所述中间膜4为灰色PVB，其可见光透过率为8％。
所述红外反射膜3为三银红外反射膜，所述红外反射膜3具体为：透明玻璃/SiO2(13nm)/ZnSnOx(26.8nm)/AZO(15.2nm)/Ag(10.7nm)/AZO(8.2nm)/TiO2(12.6nm)/ZnSnOx(55.3nm)/AZO(6.2nm)/Ag(13.2nm)/AZO(6nm)/ZnSnOx(56.3nm)/AZO(7nm)/Ag(12.5nm)/AZO(6.5nm)/TiO2(14.9nm)/ZnSnOx(19nm)/Si3N4(11nm)，Ag为金属层，其他为第一介质层。
所述低辐射膜6中包括可见光阻挡层，所述低辐射膜6具体为：透明玻璃/Si3N4(5nm)/ITO(160nm)/NiCr(4nm)/Si3N4(23nm)/SiO2(60nm)/Si3N4(5nm)，其中ITO为透明导电氧化物层，NiCr为可见光阻挡层，其他为第二介质层。
实施例5
本实施例提供了一种车辆用夹层玻璃，其与实施例4提供的车辆用夹层玻璃的区别之处仅在于：
所述内片玻璃5为厚度是2.1mm的绿色玻璃，其可见光透过率为82％。
实施例6
本实施例提供了一种车辆用夹层玻璃，其与实施例4提供的车辆用夹层玻璃的区别之处仅在于：
所述中间膜4为灰色PVB，其可见光透过率为5％。
对比例4
本对比例提供了一种车辆用夹层玻璃，其与实施例4提供的车辆用夹层玻璃的区别之处仅在于：
所述中间膜4为灰色PVB，其可见光透过率为2％；
所述低辐射膜6中不包括可见光阻挡层，所述低辐射膜6具体为：透明玻璃 /Si3N4(5nm)/ITO(118nm)/Si3N4(8nm)/SiO2(180nm)，其中ITO为透明导电氧化物层，其他为第二介质层。
对比例5
本实施例提供了一种车辆用夹层玻璃，其与实施例4提供的车辆用夹层玻璃的区别之处仅在于：
所述内片玻璃5为厚度是2.1mm的绿色玻璃，其可见光透过率为82％；所述中间膜4为灰色PVB，其可见光透过率为2％；
所述低辐射膜6中不包括可见光阻挡层，所述低辐射膜6具体为：透明玻璃/Si3N4(5nm)/ITO(118nm)/Si3N4(8nm)/SiO2(180nm)，其中ITO为透明导电氧化物层，其他为第二介质层。
对比例6
本实施例提供了一种车辆用夹层玻璃，其与实施例4提供的车辆用夹层玻璃的区别之处仅在于：
所述内片玻璃5为厚度是2.1mm的灰色玻璃，其可见光透过率为40％；所述中间膜4为灰色PVB，其可见光透过率为2％。
性能测试例2
根据汽车玻璃生产工艺得到实施例4-实施例6提供的车辆用夹层玻璃以及对比例4-对比例6提供的车辆用夹层玻璃，然后对其分别进行可见光透过率(TL)、可见光反射率(RL)、太阳能总透过率(TTS)等测试，并计算得到镜面系数(α)，相关测试结果及计算结果请见表2。
可见光透过率(TL)：根据ISO9050测量计算车辆用夹层玻璃在380nm至780nm波长范围内的可见光透过率；
可见光反射率(RL)：根据ISO9050从车内一侧测量计算车辆用夹层玻璃在380nm至780nm波长范围内的可见光反射率；
太阳能总透过率(TTS)：根据ISO9050测量计算车辆用夹层玻璃在300nm至2500nm波长范围内的太阳能总透过率；
镜面系数(α)：根据公式α＝RL/TL2计算。
表2：实施例4-实施例6和对比例4-对比例6的测试结果及计算结果

从以上表2中可以看出，本发明实施例4-实施例6提供的车辆用夹层玻璃的可见光透过率TL为0.5％-6％、可见光反射率≤2％、镜面系数为3-10、太阳能总透过率≤13％，这表明相较于对比例4-对比例6提供的车辆用夹层玻璃，当将实施例4-实施例6提供的车辆用夹层玻璃用作车辆车顶的天窗玻璃时，能够满足取消遮阳帘的使用需求，并且可以减弱甚至消除车内的乘客和物品在天窗玻璃上因镜面反射而形成明显的倒影，避免对乘客特别是后排乘客造成视觉干扰，有效改善车内面的镜面反射效果，提高用户体验和保护乘客隐私。
虽然对比例4-对比例6提供的车辆用夹层玻璃的可见光透过率、可见光反射率、太阳能总透过率均满足使用要求，但在将可见光透过率TL降低至TL≤2％时，如果没有将可见光反射率RL进一步降低至更低，则其镜面系数远大于15、甚至大于100，镜面反射非常强，无法满足取消遮阳帘的使用需求。为了满足使其镜面系数≤15，从而降低镜面反射以满足取消遮阳帘的使用需求，在将可见光透过率降低至TL≤2％时，需要将可见光反射率RL进一步降低至RL≤0.6％。
本发明实施例1、实施例3、实施例4、实施例5、实施例6采用的内片玻璃5均为可见光透过率≥80％的透明玻璃或者绿色玻璃，且低辐射膜6还包括至少一个可见光阻挡层，可见光阻挡层与其中的透明导电氧化物层直接接触。
选取实施例1、实施例3、实施例4、实施例5、实施例6中的设有低辐射膜6的内片玻璃5进行性能测试，相关性能测试结果请见表3。
可见光透过率(TL内)：根据ISO9050测量计算设有低辐射膜6的内片玻璃5在380nm至780nm波长范围内的可见光透过率；
可见光反射率(RL内)：根据ISO9050从靠近低辐射膜6一侧测量计算设有低辐射膜6的内片玻璃5在380nm至780nm波长范围内的可见光反射率；
太阳能总透过率(TTS内)：根据ISO9050测量计算设有低辐射膜6的内片玻璃5在300nm至2500nm波长范围内的太阳能总透过率；
镜面系数(α1)：根据公式α1＝RL内/TL内 2计算；
辐射率：从靠近低辐射膜6一侧测量，采用傅里叶红外光谱仪测量并根据标准 EN12898计算校准；
面电阻：采用表面电阻测试仪进行测量；
反射颜色：从靠近低辐射膜6一侧测量，在65°入射角情况下，基于D65光源、10°视场角下，按照CIE Lab颜色模型计算，a值表示红绿值，b值表示黄蓝值。
表3：实施例1及实施例3-实施例6中设有低辐射膜的内片玻璃的性能测试结果
从以上表3中可以看出，本发明实施例中，设有低辐射膜6后的内片玻璃5的透过率为50％-70％、反射率≤4％、镜面系数≤0.1、辐射率≤0.25、面电阻≤23ohm/m2，从靠近低辐射膜6一侧测量设有低辐射膜6的内片玻璃5的反射颜色按Lab计：-10≤a≤2，-5≤b≤5。结合表1和表2还可以看出，在低辐射膜6增设至少一个可见光阻挡层可以进一步改善可见光透过率、可见光反射率、镜面系数和太阳能总透过率等，进一步可以在达到同等水平的可见光透过率、可见光反射率和太阳能总透过率时无需采用可见光透过率更低的中间膜4或灰色玻璃，从而可以大幅降低生产成本和生产难度，以及避免镜面系数远大于15，能够更好满足取消遮阳帘的使用需求。
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施例，不能以其限定发明实施的范围，所以其等同组件的置换，或依本发明专利保护范围所作的等同变化与修饰，都应仍属于本专利涵盖的范畴。另外，本发明中的技术特征与技术特征之间、技术特征与技术发明之间、技术发明与技术发明之间均可以自由组合使用。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种车辆用夹层玻璃，其特征在于，所述车辆用夹层玻璃包括外片玻璃、内片玻璃和中间膜，所述外片玻璃具有朝向车外的第一表面和朝向车内的第二表面，所述内片玻璃具有朝向车外的第三表面和朝向车内的第四表面，所述中间膜将所述第二表面和所述第三表面接合，所述外片玻璃和所述内片玻璃之间设有红外反射膜，所述第四表面上设有低辐射膜；
    所述车辆用夹层玻璃的镜面系数α≤15，所述镜面系数α根据公式α＝RL/TL2计算，RL为从车内一侧测量所述车辆用夹层玻璃的可见光反射率，TL为所述车辆用夹层玻璃的可见光透过率。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的车辆用夹层玻璃，其特征在于，所述车辆用夹层玻璃的镜面系数α为3-10。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的车辆用夹层玻璃，其特征在于，所述第二表面的边缘区域覆盖有第一深色遮蔽层，和/或，所述第三表面或所述第四表面的边缘区域覆盖有第二深色遮蔽层；所述第二深色遮蔽层的宽度大于所述第一深色遮蔽层的宽度。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的车辆用夹层玻璃，其特征在于，所述外片玻璃为可见光透过率≥80％的透明玻璃，其厚度为1.8mm-4.2mm。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的车辆用夹层玻璃，其特征在于，所述内片玻璃为可见光透过率≥80％的透明玻璃或者绿色玻璃，其厚度为0.7mm-2.1mm。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的车辆用夹层玻璃，其特征在于，设有低辐射膜的内片玻璃的可见光透过率为50％-70％。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的车辆用夹层玻璃，其特征在于，设有低辐射膜的内片玻璃的镜面系数α1≤0.1，所述镜面系数α1根据公式α1＝RL内/TL内 2计算，RL内为从靠近低辐射膜一侧测量设有低辐射膜的内片玻璃的可见光反射率，TL内为设有低辐射膜的内片玻璃的可见光透过率。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的车辆用夹层玻璃，其特征在于，所述中间膜的可见光透过率为1％-20％。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的车辆用夹层玻璃，其特征在于，所述中间膜的可见光透过率为2％-10％。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的车辆用夹层玻璃，其特征在于，所述中间膜为着色的热塑性聚合物薄膜，其材质包括PVB、EVA、SGP或者PU。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的车辆用夹层玻璃，其特征在于，所述红外反射膜包括至 少一个金属层和至少两个第一介质层，每个金属层位于相邻两个第一介质层之间。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的车辆用夹层玻璃，其特征在于，所述低辐射膜包括至少一个透明导电氧化物层和至少两个第二介质层，每个透明导电氧化物层位于相邻两个第二介质层之间。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的车辆用夹层玻璃，其特征在于，所述低辐射膜还包括至少一个可见光阻挡层，所述可见光阻挡层与所述透明导电氧化物层直接接触。
  14. 根据权利要求1所述的车辆用夹层玻璃，其特征在于，所述低辐射膜的辐射率≤0.25，面电阻≤23ohm/m2，从靠近低辐射膜一侧测量设有低辐射膜的内片玻璃的反射颜色按Lab计：-10≤a≤2，-5≤b≤5。
  15. 根据权利要求1-14任一项所述的车辆用夹层玻璃，其特征在于，所述车辆用夹层玻璃的可见光透过率TL为0.5％-10％，从车内一侧测量所述车辆用夹层玻璃的可见光反射率RL≤6％，所述车辆用夹层玻璃的太阳能总透过率≤20％。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的车辆用夹层玻璃，其特征在于，从车内一侧测量所述车辆用夹层玻璃的可见光反射率RL≤4％。
  17. 权利要求1-16任一项所述的车辆用夹层玻璃作为车辆的天窗玻璃、边窗玻璃或后挡风玻璃的应用。
PCT/CN2023/133937 2022-11-24 2023-11-24 一种车辆用夹层玻璃及其应用 WO2024109924A1 (zh)

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JP2008037667A (ja) * 2006-08-02 2008-02-21 Asahi Glass Co Ltd 窓用合わせガラス
CN114043787A (zh) * 2021-11-09 2022-02-15 福耀玻璃工业集团股份有限公司 一种低辐射复合玻璃及天窗
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CN115923458A (zh) * 2022-11-24 2023-04-07 福耀玻璃工业集团股份有限公司 一种车辆用夹层玻璃及其应用

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JP2008037667A (ja) * 2006-08-02 2008-02-21 Asahi Glass Co Ltd 窓用合わせガラス
CN114043787A (zh) * 2021-11-09 2022-02-15 福耀玻璃工业集团股份有限公司 一种低辐射复合玻璃及天窗
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