WO2024093942A1 - Radiation unit and base station antenna - Google Patents

Radiation unit and base station antenna Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024093942A1
WO2024093942A1 PCT/CN2023/127920 CN2023127920W WO2024093942A1 WO 2024093942 A1 WO2024093942 A1 WO 2024093942A1 CN 2023127920 W CN2023127920 W CN 2023127920W WO 2024093942 A1 WO2024093942 A1 WO 2024093942A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
radiation unit
radiation
frequency
arm
present disclosure
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2023/127920
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
李明超
苏国生
高超宁
陈仁伟
李轶帆
刘培涛
Original Assignee
京信通信技术(广州)有限公司
京信射频技术(广州)有限公司
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Publication of WO2024093942A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024093942A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a radiation unit and a base station antenna.
  • base station antennas can effectively improve the space utilization of antennas and reduce the cost of antenna equipment site rental while providing more diversified services. Therefore, base station antennas have become an important research direction in the field of new generation wireless communications.
  • Base station antennas are usually composed of radiating units working in different frequency bands, including at least one low-frequency radiating unit and at least one high-frequency radiating unit. Each radiating unit in a multi-band antenna is placed in a limited space. Traditional radiating units are relatively large in size, difficult to lay out, and there will be strong cross-band scattering interference between different radiating units. Traditional radiating units will seriously deteriorate the performance of multi-band antennas. For example, low-frequency radiating units affect the performance of high-frequency radiating units, which is specifically manifested in the deterioration of port isolation between radiating units of different frequency bands and the distortion of the radiation pattern of high-frequency radiating units, thereby affecting the user experience.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present disclosure is to solve the problem that the existing radiation units will seriously deteriorate the performance of the multi-band antenna.
  • the low-frequency radiation unit affects the performance of the high-frequency radiation unit, which is specifically manifested in the deterioration of the port isolation between the radiation units of different frequency bands and the distortion of the radiation pattern of the high-frequency radiation unit.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a radiation unit, including:
  • the slow-wave circuit structure comprises a plurality of conductor segments spaced apart from each other, the first ends of the plurality of conductor segments are all connected to the radiation arm, and a contact surface between each of the conductor segments and the radiation arm has a certain angle.
  • the second ends of the plurality of conductor segments are insulated from each other, or the second ends of the plurality of conductor segments are electrically connected to each other.
  • the radiation unit operates in a low frequency band, and a gap between the first ends of any two adjacent conductor segments is less than 0.05 ⁇ , wherein ⁇ is the wavelength of the operating frequency band of the high frequency radiation unit.
  • the length of the conductor segment is 0.05 ⁇ -0.25 ⁇ .
  • the radiating arm is configured as a ring-shaped radiating arm.
  • the slow-wave circuit structure is disposed on an inner arm of the annular radiation arm.
  • the radiation unit further comprises:
  • An independent conductor structure wherein the high-frequency radiation unit corresponding to the lower side of the independent conductor structure is arranged on the inner side of the annular radiation arm.
  • the total length of the vertical projection of the independent conductor structure on the plane where the radiation arm is located is 0.4 ⁇ -1 ⁇ , wherein ⁇ is the wavelength of the working frequency band of the high-frequency radiation unit.
  • a base station antenna including:
  • a low-frequency radiation unit and a high-frequency radiation unit wherein the low-frequency radiation unit is a radiation unit as described in any one of the first aspects.
  • a plurality of the high-frequency radiation units form a high-frequency array
  • the low-frequency radiation units are inserted in the array gaps of the high-frequency array, or the low-frequency radiation units and the high-frequency radiation units are nested.
  • the radiation unit provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure includes a plurality of radiation arms and a slow-wave circuit structure, and the slow-wave circuit structure is arranged on at least one radiation arm; the slow-wave circuit structure includes a plurality of conductor segments arranged at intervals from each other, and the first ends of the plurality of conductor segments are connected to the radiation arm, and the contact surface of each conductor segment and the radiation arm has a certain angle.
  • the caliber of the low-frequency radiation unit can be reduced, on the one hand, the coupling effect between adjacent radiation units in the array-type low-frequency radiation unit can be reduced, which is conducive to improving the stability of the radiation pattern of the array-type low-frequency radiation unit; on the other hand, the shielding effect of the low-frequency radiation unit on the high-frequency radiation unit can be reduced, thereby reducing the coupling effect between the low-frequency radiation unit and the high-frequency radiation unit, which is conducive to improving the stability of the radiation pattern of the high-frequency radiation unit in the array-type base station antenna.
  • the slow-wave circuit structure is simple and flexible in design, which is conducive to realizing the miniaturization design of the low-frequency radiation unit, and can weaken the influence of the low-frequency radiation unit on the performance of the high-frequency radiation unit, thereby improving the stability of the radiation pattern of the high-frequency radiation unit in the array-type base station antenna.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a top view of a radiation unit provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG2 is a schematic diagram showing a comparison of the apertures of a radiation unit provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure and a traditional radiation unit;
  • FIG3 is a comparison diagram of simulation results of radar cross-sectional areas of a radiation unit provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure and a traditional radiation unit as a function of frequency;
  • FIG4 is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of a top view structure of a radiation unit provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG5 is a schematic diagram of a top view of another radiation unit provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG6 is a schematic diagram of a top view of another radiation unit provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 7 is an impedance diagram of a slow-wave circuit structure provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure in a high frequency band. Simulation schematic diagram;
  • FIG8 is a schematic diagram of a top view of another radiation unit provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG9 is a schematic diagram of a top view of another radiation unit provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG10 is a simulated standing wave diagram of a radiation unit provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG11 is a schematic diagram of a side view structure of a base station antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG12 is a schematic diagram of simulated fluctuations of a base station antenna in a high-frequency working frequency band provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of simulated fluctuations of a base station antenna in a high-frequency working frequency band provided in the related art.
  • the slow-wave circuit structure of the radiation unit provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure is simple and flexible in design, which is conducive to the miniaturization design of the low-frequency radiation unit. At the same time, it can weaken the influence of the low-frequency radiation unit on the performance of the high-frequency radiation unit, thereby improving the stability of the radiation pattern of the high-frequency radiation unit in the array base station antenna.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a top view of a radiation unit provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the radiation unit 010 includes a plurality of radiation arms 11 and a slow-wave circuit structure 12, wherein the slow-wave circuit structure 12 is arranged on at least one radiation arm 11, and Fig. 1 exemplarily shows four radiation arms 11, and each radiation arm 11 is provided with a slow-wave circuit structure 12;
  • the slow-wave circuit structure 12 includes a plurality of conductor segments arranged at intervals from each other, wherein the first ends of the plurality of conductor segments are connected to the radiation arm 11, and the contact surface between each conductor segment and the radiation arm 11 has a certain angle.
  • the radiation unit 010 works in the low frequency band, that is, the radiation unit 010 is a low frequency Radiating unit.
  • the radiating unit 010 includes a radiating arm 11 and a slow-wave circuit structure 12, which can effectively radiate or receive radio waves.
  • the specific number of the radiation arms 11 and the specific number of the slow-wave circuit structures 12 can be set according to actual needs, and the embodiments of the present disclosure do not specifically limit this.
  • the slow-wave circuit structure 12 provided on the radiation arm 11 serves as a current extension path and has an electrical delay effect, which can effectively increase the electrical length of the antenna radiation unit.
  • the radiation unit 010 provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure is provided with a slow-wave circuit structure 12 on the radiation arm 11. Since the slow-wave circuit structure 12 serves as a current extension path and has an electrical delay effect, the electrical length of the radiation unit can be effectively increased. The diameter of the radiation unit can be reduced while the electrical length remains unchanged, thereby realizing a miniaturized design of the radiation unit 010.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the comparison of the caliber of a radiation unit provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure and a traditional radiation unit.
  • the figure on the left is a traditional radiation unit, and the caliber of the traditional radiation unit is 127*127 mm;
  • the figure on the right is a radiation unit provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure, and the caliber of the radiation unit is 113*113 mm; therefore, when achieving the same working frequency band, the caliber of the radiation unit provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure is smaller than the caliber of the traditional radiation unit, which can realize the miniaturization design of the radiation unit, and thus is conducive to the miniaturization design of the antenna.
  • FIG3 is a comparison diagram of the simulation results of the radar cross-section area of a radiation unit provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure and a traditional radiation unit changing with frequency.
  • the horizontal axis represents the frequency in GHz
  • the vertical axis represents the radar cross-section area in dB. It can be seen from FIG3 that the radar cross-section area (RCS) of the low-frequency radiation unit provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure in the high frequency band is significantly lower than that of the traditional low-frequency radiation unit.
  • RCS radar cross-section area
  • the slow-wave circuit structure 12 includes a plurality of conductor segments, one end of the conductor segment connected to the radiation arm 11 is used as the first end of the conductor segment, and the other end of the conductor segment is used as the second end of the conductor segment.
  • FIG1 exemplarily shows that each slow-wave circuit structure 12 includes two conductor segments, namely a first conductor segment 121 and a second conductor segment 122, wherein the first ends of the first conductor segment 121 and the second conductor segment 122 are connected to the radiation arm 11, and the first conductor segment 121 and the second conductor segment 122 are connected to the radiation arm 11.
  • the second end of the conductor segment is away from the radiation arm 11, so that the contact surface between each conductor segment and the radiation arm 11 can form a certain angle.
  • Fig. 4 is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of a top view of a radiation unit provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 4 , an angle A is formed at the connection between the slow-wave circuit structure 12 and the radiation arm 11 .
  • the conductor segment can be set as a metal conductor segment or a non-metal conductor segment, as long as it meets the working requirements of the radiation unit provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, and no specific limitation is made here.
  • the slow-wave circuit structure can also be set to include three conductor segments or four conductor segments or more conductor segments, and no specific limitation is made here.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a top view of another radiation unit provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the slow-wave circuit structure 12 includes a first conductor segment 121, a second conductor segment 122 and a third conductor segment 123, so that each slow-wave circuit structure includes three conductor segments.
  • the radiation unit provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure further includes a dielectric substrate 13, and the radiation arm 11 is disposed on the dielectric substrate such as but not limited to a printed circuit board (PCB).
  • the thickness of the PCB may be 30 mil and the dielectric constant may be 3.0, or may be set according to specific actual needs, which is not specifically limited here.
  • the radiation unit provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure includes a plurality of radiation arms and a slow-wave circuit structure, wherein the slow-wave circuit structure is arranged on at least one radiation arm; the slow-wave circuit structure includes a plurality of conductor segments arranged at intervals from each other, wherein the first ends of the plurality of conductor segments are connected to the radiation arm, and the contact surface between each conductor segment and the radiation arm has a certain angle.
  • the caliber of the low-frequency radiation unit can be reduced, which can reduce the coupling effect between adjacent radiation units in the array-type low-frequency radiation unit on the one hand, thereby improving the stability of the radiation pattern of the array-type low-frequency radiation unit; on the other hand, it can reduce the shielding effect of the low-frequency radiation unit on the high-frequency radiation unit, thereby reducing the coupling effect between the low-frequency radiation unit and the high-frequency radiation unit, thereby improving the stability of the radiation pattern of the high-frequency radiation unit in the array-type base station antenna.
  • the slow-wave circuit structure is simple and flexible in design, which is conducive to realization While miniaturizing the low-frequency radiating unit, the impact of the low-frequency radiating unit on the performance of the high-frequency radiating unit can be weakened, thereby improving the stability of the radiation pattern of the high-frequency radiating unit in the array base station antenna, which is beneficial to improving the user experience.
  • the second ends of the plurality of conductor segments are insulated from each other. Specifically, as shown in FIG1 , the second ends of the first conductor segment 121 and the second conductor segment 122 are not connected; or, as shown in FIG5 , the second ends of the first conductor segment 121, the second conductor segment 122, and the third conductor segment 123 are not connected.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a top view of another radiation unit provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 6, the second ends of the plurality of conductor segments are electrically connected to each other. Specifically, the second ends of the first conductor segment 121 and the second conductor segment 122 constituting the slow-wave circuit structure 12 are electrically connected.
  • a preferred implementation of the embodiment of the present disclosure is to insulate the second ends of the multiple conductor segments from each other, that is, the second ends of the multiple conductor segments are not electrically connected, which is beneficial to improving the radiation effect of the radiation unit.
  • the gap between the second ends of any two adjacent conductor segments is less than 0.05 ⁇ , where ⁇ is the wavelength of the working frequency band of the high-frequency radiation unit.
  • the slow-wave circuit structure 12 includes a plurality of conductor segments, and a coupling gap is set between any two adjacent conductor segments.
  • the coupling gap is set to 0.05 times the wavelength corresponding to the working frequency band of the high-frequency radiation unit
  • the length of the conductor segment is set to 0.05 to 0.25 times the wavelength corresponding to the working frequency band of the high-frequency radiation unit, so that the impedance characteristics of the slow-wave circuit structure 12 to the high-frequency band can be realized, which is conducive to blocking the conduction of the high-frequency induced current on the radiation arm of the radiation unit working in the low-frequency band, and then the scattering of the high-frequency signal on the radiation arm of the radiation unit can be effectively suppressed, which is conducive to improving the stability of the radiation pattern of the high-frequency radiation unit in the multi-frequency array antenna.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of impedance simulation of a slow-wave circuit structure provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure in a high-frequency band.
  • the abscissa represents frequency in GHz
  • the ordinate represents impedance in ⁇ . From Figure 7, it can be seen that the slow-wave circuit structure provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure has impedance characteristics in a high-frequency band (3400-3800MHz).
  • the conductor segments constituting the slow-wave circuit structure shown in the above embodiments are all set as regular straight-line conductors.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure may also set the conductor segments constituting the slow-wave circuit structure as wavy-line conductors, and the embodiments of the present disclosure do not specifically limit this.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a top view structure of another radiation unit provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the first conductor segment 121 and the second conductor segment 122 constituting the slow-wave circuit structure 12 are both configured as wavy line conductors, which can shorten the physical length of the conductor segment from the second end to the first end while blocking the conduction of the high-frequency induced current on the radiation arm 11 of the radiation unit, thereby facilitating the optimization of the spatial layout of the conductor segment.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a top view of another radiation unit provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 9, the radiation arm 11 is configured as a ring-shaped radiation arm.
  • a through hole 14 is opened on the radiation arm 11 to form a hollow radiation arm, that is, the radiation arm 11 is set as a ring-shaped radiation arm, which can reduce the coupling area between the low-frequency radiation unit and the high-frequency radiation unit, and thus help to reduce the high-frequency induced current coupled by the low-frequency radiation unit to the high-frequency radiation unit, thereby helping to improve the stability of the radiation pattern of the high-frequency radiation unit in the array base station antenna.
  • the slow-wave circuit structure 12 is disposed on the inner arm of the annular radiation arm.
  • a through hole 14 is provided on the radiation arm 11 to form a ring-shaped radiation arm, and the slow-wave circuit structure 12 can be arranged on the inner arm of the ring-shaped radiation arm, or the slow-wave circuit structure 12 can be arranged on the outer arm of the ring-shaped radiation arm, which is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the preferred implementation of the embodiment of the present disclosure arranges the slow-wave circuit structure 12 on the inner arm of the ring-shaped radiation arm, which is conducive to reducing the diameter of the radiation unit, and further conducive to realizing the miniaturization design of the antenna.
  • the radiation unit further includes an independent conductor structure 15 , and the independent conductor structure 15 is disposed on the inner side of the annular radiation arm corresponding to the high-frequency radiation unit below.
  • a through hole 14 is opened on the radiation arm 11 to form a ring-shaped radiation arm, and an independent conductor structure 15 is arranged in the projection area of the through hole 14, i.e., the hollow structure, that is, the independent conductor structure 15 is arranged on the inner side of the ring-shaped radiation arm, and the independent conductor structure 15 is insulated from the ring-shaped radiation arm.
  • a high-frequency radiation unit is correspondingly arranged below the independent conductor structure 15 .
  • the total length of the outer dimensions of the vertical projection of the independent conductor structure 15 on the plane where the radiation arm 11 is located is 0.4 to 1 times the wavelength of the working frequency band of the high-frequency radiation unit.
  • FIG10 is a simulated standing wave diagram of a radiation unit provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the horizontal axis represents the frequency in MHz
  • the vertical axis represents the value of the standing wave ratio. It can be obtained from FIG10 that the standing wave ratios of the first polarization port and the second polarization port of the radiation unit provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure are both less than 1.5, and it can be considered that the impact on the low-frequency band of the radiation unit can be ignored.
  • the full name of the standing wave ratio is voltage standing wave ratio.
  • the voltage standing wave ratio is the ratio of the voltage at the antinode of the transmission line to the voltage at the valley. It is also called the standing wave coefficient. It is common knowledge among technicians in this field and will not be described in detail here.
  • FIG11 is a schematic diagram of a side view structure of a base station antenna provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the base station antenna 20 includes a low-frequency radiation unit 21 and a high-frequency radiation unit 22.
  • FIG11 exemplarily shows a low-frequency radiation unit 21 and a plurality of high-frequency radiation units 22.
  • the low-frequency radiation unit 21 is the radiation unit 010 described in the above-mentioned embodiments, and therefore has the same or similar beneficial effects, which will not be described one by one here.
  • a plurality of high-frequency radiation units 22 form a high-frequency array, and the low-frequency radiation units 21 are inserted in the array gaps of the high-frequency array.
  • the low-frequency radiation unit 21 and the high-frequency radiation unit 22 may be nested, which is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the low-frequency radiation unit 21 in the base station antenna provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure adopts the radiation unit 010 described in FIG. 1 , which is conducive to realizing the miniaturized design of the base station antenna.
  • FIG12 is a base station antenna provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure working at a high frequency.
  • FIG13 is a schematic diagram of simulated fluctuations of a base station antenna in a high-frequency working frequency band provided by the related art.
  • the horizontal axis of FIG12 and FIG13 represents the azimuth, the unit is deg, and the vertical axis represents the level of the radiation pattern, the unit is dB.
  • FIG12 and FIG13 it can be obtained that the base station antenna provided in the related art has a large fluctuation in the high-frequency working frequency band, while the base station antenna provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure has a small fluctuation in the high-frequency working frequency band. Therefore, the base station antenna provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure is conducive to improving its fluctuation problem in the high-frequency working frequency band.
  • the radiation unit provided by the present disclosure is conducive to the miniaturization design of the low-frequency radiation unit, while weakening the influence of the low-frequency radiation unit on the performance of the high-frequency radiation unit, thereby improving the stability of the radiation pattern of the high-frequency radiation unit in the array base station antenna.

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Abstract

The present disclosure relates to the technical field of antennas, and in particular, to a radiation unit and a base station antenna. The radiation unit comprises a plurality of radiation arms and slow wave circuit structures; the slow wave circuit structures are arranged on at least one radiation arm; the slow wave circuit structures each comprise a plurality of conductor sections which are spaced apart from each other; first ends of the plurality of conductor sections are all connected to the radiation arm; and a certain included angle is formed between each conductor section and the contact surface of the radiation arm. The technical solution of the present disclosure can weaken the effect of a low-frequency radiation unit on the performance of a high-frequency radiation unit while facilitating the miniaturization design of a radiation unit, thereby improving the stability of a radiation pattern of a high-frequency radiation unit in an array base station antenna, and facilitating the improvement of use experience of a user.

Description

一种辐射单元及基站天线Radiating unit and base station antenna
本公开要求于2022年11月02日提交中国专利局、申请号为202211362858.3、发明名称为“一种辐射单元及基站天线”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本公开中。This disclosure claims the priority of the Chinese patent application filed with the China Patent Office on November 2, 2022, with application number 202211362858.3 and invention name “A Radiating Unit and Base Station Antenna”, all contents of which are incorporated by reference in this disclosure.
技术领域Technical Field
本公开涉及天线技术领域，特别涉及一种辐射单元及基站天线。The present disclosure relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a radiation unit and a base station antenna.
背景技术Background technique
在移动通信基站天线领域，基站天线在提供更加多样化服务的同时，可以有效地提高天线的空间利用率，降低天线设备场地租赁的成本。因此，基站天线成为新一代无线通信领域的一个重要的研究方向。In the field of mobile communication base station antennas, base station antennas can effectively improve the space utilization of antennas and reduce the cost of antenna equipment site rental while providing more diversified services. Therefore, base station antennas have become an important research direction in the field of new generation wireless communications.
基站天线通常是由工作在不同频带的辐射单元组成，包括至少一个低频辐射单元和至少一个高频辐射单元。多频带天线中的各个辐射单元被放置在一个有限的空间内，传统辐射单元尺寸比较大，布局困难，且不同辐射单元之间会存在强烈的交叉频带散射干扰。传统辐射单元将严重地恶化多频带天线的性能，例如低频辐射单元对高频辐射单元性能造成影响，具体表现为不同频带辐射单元之间的端口隔离度恶化以及高频辐射单元的辐射方向图畸变等，从而影响用户的使用体验。Base station antennas are usually composed of radiating units working in different frequency bands, including at least one low-frequency radiating unit and at least one high-frequency radiating unit. Each radiating unit in a multi-band antenna is placed in a limited space. Traditional radiating units are relatively large in size, difficult to lay out, and there will be strong cross-band scattering interference between different radiating units. Traditional radiating units will seriously deteriorate the performance of multi-band antennas. For example, low-frequency radiating units affect the performance of high-frequency radiating units, which is specifically manifested in the deterioration of port isolation between radiating units of different frequency bands and the distortion of the radiation pattern of high-frequency radiating units, thereby affecting the user experience.
发明内容Summary of the invention
(一)要解决的技术问题1. Technical issues to be resolved
本公开要解决的技术问题是为了解决现有的辐射单元将严重地恶化多频带天线的性能，例如低频辐射单元对高频辐射单元性能造成影响，具体表现为不同频带辐射单元之间的端口隔离度恶化以及高频辐射单元的辐射方向图畸变等问题。The technical problem to be solved by the present disclosure is to solve the problem that the existing radiation units will seriously deteriorate the performance of the multi-band antenna. For example, the low-frequency radiation unit affects the performance of the high-frequency radiation unit, which is specifically manifested in the deterioration of the port isolation between the radiation units of different frequency bands and the distortion of the radiation pattern of the high-frequency radiation unit.
(二)技术方案 (II) Technical solution
为了解决上述技术问题，第一方面，本公开实施例提供了一种辐射单元，包括：In order to solve the above technical problems, in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a radiation unit, including:
多个辐射臂和慢波电路结构，所述慢波电路结构设置在至少一个所述辐射臂上；A plurality of radiation arms and a slow-wave circuit structure, wherein the slow-wave circuit structure is arranged on at least one of the radiation arms;
所述慢波电路结构包括相互间隔设置的多个导体段，所述多个导体段的第一端均与所述辐射臂连接，且各所述导体段与所述辐射臂的接触面具有一定夹角。The slow-wave circuit structure comprises a plurality of conductor segments spaced apart from each other, the first ends of the plurality of conductor segments are all connected to the radiation arm, and a contact surface between each of the conductor segments and the radiation arm has a certain angle.
在一些实施例中，所述多个导体段的第二端相互绝缘，或者，所述多个导体段的第二端相互电连接。In some embodiments, the second ends of the plurality of conductor segments are insulated from each other, or the second ends of the plurality of conductor segments are electrically connected to each other.
在一些实施例中，所述辐射单元工作于低频频段，任意相邻两个所述导体段的第一端的间隙小于0.05λ，其中，所述λ为高频辐射单元工作频段的波长。In some embodiments, the radiation unit operates in a low frequency band, and a gap between the first ends of any two adjacent conductor segments is less than 0.05λ, wherein λ is the wavelength of the operating frequency band of the high frequency radiation unit.
在一些实施例中，所述导体段的长度为0.05λ～0.25λ。In some embodiments, the length of the conductor segment is 0.05λ-0.25λ.
在一些实施例中，所述辐射臂设置为环形辐射臂。In some embodiments, the radiating arm is configured as a ring-shaped radiating arm.
在一些实施例中，所述慢波电路结构设置在所述环形辐射臂的内臂上。In some embodiments, the slow-wave circuit structure is disposed on an inner arm of the annular radiation arm.
在一些实施例中，所述辐射单元还包括：In some embodiments, the radiation unit further comprises:
独立导体结构，所述独立导体结构对应下方的高频辐射单元设置在所述环形辐射臂的内侧。An independent conductor structure, wherein the high-frequency radiation unit corresponding to the lower side of the independent conductor structure is arranged on the inner side of the annular radiation arm.
在一些实施例中，所述独立导体结构在所处辐射臂所在平面上的垂直投影的轮廓的总长度为0.4λ～1λ，其中，所述λ为高频辐射单元工作频段的波长。In some embodiments, the total length of the vertical projection of the independent conductor structure on the plane where the radiation arm is located is 0.4λ-1λ, wherein λ is the wavelength of the working frequency band of the high-frequency radiation unit.
第二方面，还提供了一种基站天线，包括：In a second aspect, a base station antenna is also provided, including:
低频辐射单元和高频辐射单元，所述低频辐射单元是如第一方面任一项所述的辐射单元。A low-frequency radiation unit and a high-frequency radiation unit, wherein the low-frequency radiation unit is a radiation unit as described in any one of the first aspects.
在一些实施例中，多个所述高频辐射单元组成高频阵列，所述低频辐射单元插设于所述高频阵列的阵列间隙中，或者所述低频辐射单元与所述高频辐射单元嵌套设置。In some embodiments, a plurality of the high-frequency radiation units form a high-frequency array, the low-frequency radiation units are inserted in the array gaps of the high-frequency array, or the low-frequency radiation units and the high-frequency radiation units are nested.
(三)有益效果(III) Beneficial effects
本公开实施例提供的技术方案与现有技术相比具有如下优点： Compared with the prior art, the technical solution provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure has the following advantages:
本公开实施例提供的辐射单元包括多个辐射臂和慢波电路结构，慢波电路结构设置在至少一个辐射臂上；慢波电路结构包括相互间隔设置的多个导体段，多个导体段的第一端均与辐射臂连接，且各导体段与辐射臂的接触面具有一定夹角。由此，本公开实施例提供的辐射单元工作于低频频段时，通过在辐射臂加载慢波电路结构，可缩小低频辐射单元的口径，一方面可减小阵列式低频辐射单元中相邻辐射单元之间的耦合效应，有利于改善阵列式低频辐射单元辐射方向图的稳定性；另一方面可减小低频辐射单元对高频辐射单元的遮挡效应，进而减小了低频辐射单元与高频辐射单元之间的耦合效应，从而有利于改善阵列式基站天线中高频辐射单元辐射方向图的稳定性。由此，设置的慢波电路结构简单，且设计灵活，有利于实现低频辐射单元小型化设计的同时，可弱化低频辐射单元对高频辐射单元性能的影响，从而改善了阵列式基站天线中高频辐射单元辐射方向图的稳定性。The radiation unit provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure includes a plurality of radiation arms and a slow-wave circuit structure, and the slow-wave circuit structure is arranged on at least one radiation arm; the slow-wave circuit structure includes a plurality of conductor segments arranged at intervals from each other, and the first ends of the plurality of conductor segments are connected to the radiation arm, and the contact surface of each conductor segment and the radiation arm has a certain angle. Therefore, when the radiation unit provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure works in the low-frequency band, by loading the slow-wave circuit structure on the radiation arm, the caliber of the low-frequency radiation unit can be reduced, on the one hand, the coupling effect between adjacent radiation units in the array-type low-frequency radiation unit can be reduced, which is conducive to improving the stability of the radiation pattern of the array-type low-frequency radiation unit; on the other hand, the shielding effect of the low-frequency radiation unit on the high-frequency radiation unit can be reduced, thereby reducing the coupling effect between the low-frequency radiation unit and the high-frequency radiation unit, which is conducive to improving the stability of the radiation pattern of the high-frequency radiation unit in the array-type base station antenna. Therefore, the slow-wave circuit structure is simple and flexible in design, which is conducive to realizing the miniaturization design of the low-frequency radiation unit, and can weaken the influence of the low-frequency radiation unit on the performance of the high-frequency radiation unit, thereby improving the stability of the radiation pattern of the high-frequency radiation unit in the array-type base station antenna.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
此处的附图被并入说明书中并构成本说明书的一部分，示出了符合本公开的实施例，并与说明书一起用于解释本公开的原理。The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present disclosure.
为了更清楚地说明本公开实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，对于本领域普通技术人员而言，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative labor.
图1为本公开实施例提供的一种辐射单元的俯视结构示意图；FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a top view of a radiation unit provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;
图2为本公开实施例提供的一种辐射单元与传统辐射单元的口径对比示意图；FIG2 is a schematic diagram showing a comparison of the apertures of a radiation unit provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure and a traditional radiation unit;
图3为本公开实施例提供的一种辐射单元与传统辐射单元的雷达散射截面积随频率变化仿真结果对比图；FIG3 is a comparison diagram of simulation results of radar cross-sectional areas of a radiation unit provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure and a traditional radiation unit as a function of frequency;
图4为本公开实施例提供的一种辐射单元的俯视结构局部放大示意图；FIG4 is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of a top view structure of a radiation unit provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;
图5为本公开实施例提供的另一种辐射单元的俯视结构示意图；FIG5 is a schematic diagram of a top view of another radiation unit provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;
图6为本公开实施例提供的又一种辐射单元的俯视结构示意图；FIG6 is a schematic diagram of a top view of another radiation unit provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;
图7为本公开实施例提供的一种慢波电路结构在高频频段的阻抗 仿真示意图；FIG. 7 is an impedance diagram of a slow-wave circuit structure provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure in a high frequency band. Simulation schematic diagram;
图8为本公开实施例提供的又一种辐射单元的俯视结构示意图；FIG8 is a schematic diagram of a top view of another radiation unit provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;
图9为本公开实施例提供的又一种辐射单元的俯视结构示意图；FIG9 is a schematic diagram of a top view of another radiation unit provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;
图10为本公开实施例提供的一种辐射单元的仿真驻波图；FIG10 is a simulated standing wave diagram of a radiation unit provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;
图11为本公开实施例提供的一种基站天线的侧视结构示意图；FIG11 is a schematic diagram of a side view structure of a base station antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;
图12为本公开实施例提供的一种基站天线在高频工作频段的仿真波动示意图；FIG12 is a schematic diagram of simulated fluctuations of a base station antenna in a high-frequency working frequency band provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;
图13为相关技术中提供的一种基站天线在高频工作频段的仿真波动示意图。FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of simulated fluctuations of a base station antenna in a high-frequency working frequency band provided in the related art.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本公开实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将对本公开实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本公开的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本公开中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本公开保护的范围。In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present disclosure clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present disclosure will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present disclosure, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.
本公开实施例提供的辐射单元设置的慢波电路结构简单，且设计灵活，有利于实现低频辐射单元小型化设计的同时，可弱化低频辐射单元对高频辐射单元性能的影响，从而改善了阵列式基站天线中高频辐射单元辐射方向图的稳定性。The slow-wave circuit structure of the radiation unit provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure is simple and flexible in design, which is conducive to the miniaturization design of the low-frequency radiation unit. At the same time, it can weaken the influence of the low-frequency radiation unit on the performance of the high-frequency radiation unit, thereby improving the stability of the radiation pattern of the high-frequency radiation unit in the array base station antenna.
下面结合附图对本公开实施例提供的辐射单元及基站天线进行示例性说明。The radiation unit and the base station antenna provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure are exemplarily described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
图1为本公开实施例提供的一种辐射单元的俯视结构示意图。如图1所示，辐射单元010包括多个辐射臂11和慢波电路结构12，慢波电路结构12设置在至少一个辐射臂11上，图1示例性地示出了四个辐射臂11，以及在辐射臂11上均设置有慢波电路结构12；慢波电路结构12包括相互间隔设置的多个导体段，多个导体段的第一端均与辐射臂11连接，且各导体段与辐射臂11的接触面具有一定夹角。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a top view of a radiation unit provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 1, the radiation unit 010 includes a plurality of radiation arms 11 and a slow-wave circuit structure 12, wherein the slow-wave circuit structure 12 is arranged on at least one radiation arm 11, and Fig. 1 exemplarily shows four radiation arms 11, and each radiation arm 11 is provided with a slow-wave circuit structure 12; the slow-wave circuit structure 12 includes a plurality of conductor segments arranged at intervals from each other, wherein the first ends of the plurality of conductor segments are connected to the radiation arm 11, and the contact surface between each conductor segment and the radiation arm 11 has a certain angle.
具体地，辐射单元010工作于低频频段，即辐射单元010为低频 辐射单元。辐射单元010包括辐射臂11和慢波电路结构12，其能有效地辐射或接收无线电波。Specifically, the radiation unit 010 works in the low frequency band, that is, the radiation unit 010 is a low frequency Radiating unit. The radiating unit 010 includes a radiating arm 11 and a slow-wave circuit structure 12, which can effectively radiate or receive radio waves.
其中，辐射臂11的具体数量以及慢波电路结构12的具体数量可根据实际需求进行设置，本公开实施例对此不作具体限定。The specific number of the radiation arms 11 and the specific number of the slow-wave circuit structures 12 can be set according to actual needs, and the embodiments of the present disclosure do not specifically limit this.
辐射臂11上设置的慢波电路结构12作为电流延伸路径，具有电延时作用，能够有效提升天线辐射单元的电长度。与传统辐射单元相比，本公开实施例提供的辐射单元010通过在辐射臂11上设置慢波电路结构12，由于慢波电路结构12作为电流延伸路径，具有电延时作用，能够有效提升辐射单元的电长度，在电长度不变的情况下可缩小辐射单元的口径，进可实现辐射单元010的小型化设计。The slow-wave circuit structure 12 provided on the radiation arm 11 serves as a current extension path and has an electrical delay effect, which can effectively increase the electrical length of the antenna radiation unit. Compared with the traditional radiation unit, the radiation unit 010 provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure is provided with a slow-wave circuit structure 12 on the radiation arm 11. Since the slow-wave circuit structure 12 serves as a current extension path and has an electrical delay effect, the electrical length of the radiation unit can be effectively increased. The diameter of the radiation unit can be reduced while the electrical length remains unchanged, thereby realizing a miniaturized design of the radiation unit 010.
示例性地，图2为本公开实施例提供的一种辐射单元与传统辐射单元的口径对比示意图。如图2所示，在实现相同的低频工作频段例如但不限于工作频段为698-960MHz时，左边的附图为传统辐射单元，传统辐射单元的口径为127*127毫米；右边的附图为本公开实施例提供的辐射单元，辐射单元的口径为113*113毫米；由此，在实现相同的工作频段时，本公开实施例提供的辐射单元的口径小于传统辐射单元的口径，可实现辐射单元的小型化设计，进而有利于实现天线的小型化设计。For example, Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the comparison of the caliber of a radiation unit provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure and a traditional radiation unit. As shown in Figure 2, when achieving the same low-frequency working frequency band, for example but not limited to the working frequency band of 698-960MHz, the figure on the left is a traditional radiation unit, and the caliber of the traditional radiation unit is 127*127 mm; the figure on the right is a radiation unit provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure, and the caliber of the radiation unit is 113*113 mm; therefore, when achieving the same working frequency band, the caliber of the radiation unit provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure is smaller than the caliber of the traditional radiation unit, which can realize the miniaturization design of the radiation unit, and thus is conducive to the miniaturization design of the antenna.
示例性地，图3为本公开实施例提供的一种辐射单元与传统辐射单元的雷达散射截面积随频率变化仿真结果对比图。如图3所示，横坐标代表频率，单位为GHz，纵坐标代表雷达散射截面积，单位为dB。由图3可得，本公开实施例提供的低频辐射单元在高频段的雷达散射截面积(Radar Cross Section,RCS)明显低于传统的低频辐射单元。Exemplarily, FIG3 is a comparison diagram of the simulation results of the radar cross-section area of a radiation unit provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure and a traditional radiation unit changing with frequency. As shown in FIG3, the horizontal axis represents the frequency in GHz, and the vertical axis represents the radar cross-section area in dB. It can be seen from FIG3 that the radar cross-section area (RCS) of the low-frequency radiation unit provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure in the high frequency band is significantly lower than that of the traditional low-frequency radiation unit.
具体地，慢波电路结构12包括多个导体段，将导体段与辐射臂11连接的一端作为导体段的第一端，将导体段的另一端作为导体段的第二端。图1示例性地示出了每个慢波电路结构12均包括两个导体段，分别为第一导体段121和第二导体段122，第一导体段121和第二导体段122的第一端连接在辐射臂11上，第一导体段121和第二导体段122 的第二端远离辐射臂11，由此各导体段与辐射臂11的接触面可形成一定夹角。Specifically, the slow-wave circuit structure 12 includes a plurality of conductor segments, one end of the conductor segment connected to the radiation arm 11 is used as the first end of the conductor segment, and the other end of the conductor segment is used as the second end of the conductor segment. FIG1 exemplarily shows that each slow-wave circuit structure 12 includes two conductor segments, namely a first conductor segment 121 and a second conductor segment 122, wherein the first ends of the first conductor segment 121 and the second conductor segment 122 are connected to the radiation arm 11, and the first conductor segment 121 and the second conductor segment 122 are connected to the radiation arm 11. The second end of the conductor segment is away from the radiation arm 11, so that the contact surface between each conductor segment and the radiation arm 11 can form a certain angle.
示例性地，图4为本公开实施例提供的一种辐射单元的俯视结构局部放大示意图。如图4所示，慢波电路结构12与辐射臂11的连接处形成夹角A。For example, Fig. 4 is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of a top view of a radiation unit provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 4 , an angle A is formed at the connection between the slow-wave circuit structure 12 and the radiation arm 11 .
其中，导体段可设置为金属导体段，也可设置为非金属导体段，满足本公开实施例提供的辐射单元的工作需求即可，在此不作具体限定。在其它实施方式中，还可设置慢波电路结构包括三个导体段或四个导体段或者更多个导体段，在此不作具体限定。Among them, the conductor segment can be set as a metal conductor segment or a non-metal conductor segment, as long as it meets the working requirements of the radiation unit provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, and no specific limitation is made here. In other embodiments, the slow-wave circuit structure can also be set to include three conductor segments or four conductor segments or more conductor segments, and no specific limitation is made here.
示例性地，图5为本公开实施例提供的另一种辐射单元的俯视结构示意图。如图5所示，慢波电路结构12包括第一导体段121、第二导体段122和第三导体段123，由此设置每个慢波电路结构均包括三个导体段。For example, Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a top view of another radiation unit provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 5, the slow-wave circuit structure 12 includes a first conductor segment 121, a second conductor segment 122 and a third conductor segment 123, so that each slow-wave circuit structure includes three conductor segments.
参照图1或图2所示，本公开实施例提供的辐射单元还包括介质基板13，辐射臂11设置在介质基板例如但不限于印刷电路板(Printed Circuit Board，PCB)上。其中，PCB的厚度可为30mil以及介电常数可为3.0，或者根据具体实际需求设置，在此不作具体限定。1 or 2, the radiation unit provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure further includes a dielectric substrate 13, and the radiation arm 11 is disposed on the dielectric substrate such as but not limited to a printed circuit board (PCB). The thickness of the PCB may be 30 mil and the dielectric constant may be 3.0, or may be set according to specific actual needs, which is not specifically limited here.
本公开实施例提供的辐射单元包括多个辐射臂和慢波电路结构，慢波电路结构设置在至少一个辐射臂上；慢波电路结构包括相互间隔设置的多个导体段，多个导体段的第一端均与辐射臂连接，且各导体段与辐射臂的接触面具有一定夹角。由此，本公开实施例提供的辐射单元工作于低频频段时，即低频辐射单元，通过在辐射臂加载慢波电路结构，可缩小低频辐射单元的口径，一方面可减小阵列式低频辐射单元中相邻辐射单元之间的耦合效应，有利于改善阵列式低频辐射单元辐射方向图的稳定性；另一方面可减小低频辐射单元对高频辐射单元的遮挡效应，进而减小了低频辐射单元与高频辐射单元之间的耦合效应，从而有利于改善阵列式基站天线中高频辐射单元辐射方向图的稳定性。由此，设置的慢波电路结构简单，且设计灵活，有利于实现 低频辐射单元小型化的同时，可弱化低频辐射单元对高频辐射单元性能的影响，从而改善了阵列式基站天线中高频辐射单元辐射方向图的稳定性，有利于提高用户使用体验。The radiation unit provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure includes a plurality of radiation arms and a slow-wave circuit structure, wherein the slow-wave circuit structure is arranged on at least one radiation arm; the slow-wave circuit structure includes a plurality of conductor segments arranged at intervals from each other, wherein the first ends of the plurality of conductor segments are connected to the radiation arm, and the contact surface between each conductor segment and the radiation arm has a certain angle. Therefore, when the radiation unit provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure works in a low-frequency band, that is, a low-frequency radiation unit, by loading the slow-wave circuit structure on the radiation arm, the caliber of the low-frequency radiation unit can be reduced, which can reduce the coupling effect between adjacent radiation units in the array-type low-frequency radiation unit on the one hand, thereby improving the stability of the radiation pattern of the array-type low-frequency radiation unit; on the other hand, it can reduce the shielding effect of the low-frequency radiation unit on the high-frequency radiation unit, thereby reducing the coupling effect between the low-frequency radiation unit and the high-frequency radiation unit, thereby improving the stability of the radiation pattern of the high-frequency radiation unit in the array-type base station antenna. Therefore, the slow-wave circuit structure is simple and flexible in design, which is conducive to realization While miniaturizing the low-frequency radiating unit, the impact of the low-frequency radiating unit on the performance of the high-frequency radiating unit can be weakened, thereby improving the stability of the radiation pattern of the high-frequency radiating unit in the array base station antenna, which is beneficial to improving the user experience.
在一些实施例中，参照图1或图5，多个导体段的第二端相互绝缘。具体地，如图1所示，第一导体段121和第二导体段122的第二端之间未连接；或者，如图5所示，第一导体段121、第二导体段122和第三导体段123第二端之间未连接。In some embodiments, referring to FIG1 or FIG5 , the second ends of the plurality of conductor segments are insulated from each other. Specifically, as shown in FIG1 , the second ends of the first conductor segment 121 and the second conductor segment 122 are not connected; or, as shown in FIG5 , the second ends of the first conductor segment 121, the second conductor segment 122, and the third conductor segment 123 are not connected.
在一些实施例中，图6为本公开实施例提供的又一种辐射单元的俯视结构示意图。如图6所示，多个导体段的第二端相互电连接。具体地，构成慢波电路结构12的第一导体段121和第二导体段122的第二端之间电连接。In some embodiments, Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a top view of another radiation unit provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 6, the second ends of the plurality of conductor segments are electrically connected to each other. Specifically, the second ends of the first conductor segment 121 and the second conductor segment 122 constituting the slow-wave circuit structure 12 are electrically connected.
需要说明的是，本公开实施例的优先实施方式为设置多个导体段的第二端相互绝缘，即多个导体段的第二端之间未电连接，有利于提高辐射单元的辐射效果。It should be noted that a preferred implementation of the embodiment of the present disclosure is to insulate the second ends of the multiple conductor segments from each other, that is, the second ends of the multiple conductor segments are not electrically connected, which is beneficial to improving the radiation effect of the radiation unit.
在一些实施例中，结合图1和图4，任意相邻两个导体段的第二端间隙小于0.05λ，其中，λ为高频辐射单元工作频段的波长。In some embodiments, in combination with FIG. 1 and FIG. 4 , the gap between the second ends of any two adjacent conductor segments is less than 0.05λ, where λ is the wavelength of the working frequency band of the high-frequency radiation unit.
具体地，慢波电路结构12包括多个导体段，在任意相邻的两个导体段之间设置耦合间隙。通过仿真测试结果，将耦合间隙设置为高频辐射单元工作频段对应波长的0.05倍，以及将导体段的长度设置为高频辐射单元工作频段对应波长的0.05～0.25倍，可实现慢波电路结构12对高频频段的阻抗特性，有利于阻断工作于低频频段的辐射单元辐射臂上高频感应电流的传导，进而可有效抑制辐射单元辐射臂上高频信号的散射，有利于改善多频阵列式天线中高频辐射单元辐射方向图的稳定性。Specifically, the slow-wave circuit structure 12 includes a plurality of conductor segments, and a coupling gap is set between any two adjacent conductor segments. According to the simulation test results, the coupling gap is set to 0.05 times the wavelength corresponding to the working frequency band of the high-frequency radiation unit, and the length of the conductor segment is set to 0.05 to 0.25 times the wavelength corresponding to the working frequency band of the high-frequency radiation unit, so that the impedance characteristics of the slow-wave circuit structure 12 to the high-frequency band can be realized, which is conducive to blocking the conduction of the high-frequency induced current on the radiation arm of the radiation unit working in the low-frequency band, and then the scattering of the high-frequency signal on the radiation arm of the radiation unit can be effectively suppressed, which is conducive to improving the stability of the radiation pattern of the high-frequency radiation unit in the multi-frequency array antenna.
示例性地，图7为本公开实施例提供的一种慢波电路结构在高频频段的阻抗仿真示意图。如图7所示，横坐标代表频率，单位为GHz，坐标代表阻抗，单位为Ω，从图7中可得到本公开实施例提供的慢波电路结构在高频频段(3400～3800MHz)具有阻抗特性。 For example, Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of impedance simulation of a slow-wave circuit structure provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure in a high-frequency band. As shown in Figure 7, the abscissa represents frequency in GHz, and the ordinate represents impedance in Ω. From Figure 7, it can be seen that the slow-wave circuit structure provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure has impedance characteristics in a high-frequency band (3400-3800MHz).
需要说明的是，上述实施例中示出的构成慢波电路结构的导体段均设置为规则的直线型导体，本公开实施例还可将构成慢波电路结构的导体段设置为波浪线型导体，本公开实施例对此不作具体限定。It should be noted that the conductor segments constituting the slow-wave circuit structure shown in the above embodiments are all set as regular straight-line conductors. The embodiments of the present disclosure may also set the conductor segments constituting the slow-wave circuit structure as wavy-line conductors, and the embodiments of the present disclosure do not specifically limit this.
在一些实施例中，图8为本公开实施例提供的又一种辐射单元的俯视结构示意图。如图8所示，构成慢波电路结构12的第一导体段121和第二导体段122均设置为波浪线型导体，在阻断辐射单元辐射臂11上高频感应电流传导的同时，可缩短导体段从第二端到第一端的物理长度，进而有利于优化导体段的空间布局。In some embodiments, Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a top view structure of another radiation unit provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 8, the first conductor segment 121 and the second conductor segment 122 constituting the slow-wave circuit structure 12 are both configured as wavy line conductors, which can shorten the physical length of the conductor segment from the second end to the first end while blocking the conduction of the high-frequency induced current on the radiation arm 11 of the radiation unit, thereby facilitating the optimization of the spatial layout of the conductor segment.
在一些实施例中，图9为本公开实施例提供的又一种辐射单元的俯视结构示意图。如图9所示，辐射臂11设置为环形辐射臂。In some embodiments, Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a top view of another radiation unit provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 9, the radiation arm 11 is configured as a ring-shaped radiation arm.
具体地，辐射臂11上开设有通孔14，以形成镂空辐射臂，即将辐射臂11设置为环形辐射臂，可减少低频辐射单元与高频辐射单元之间的耦合面积，进而有利于减少低频辐射单元对高频辐射单元耦合的高频感应电流，从而有利于改善阵列式基站天线中高频辐射单元辐射方向图的稳定性。Specifically, a through hole 14 is opened on the radiation arm 11 to form a hollow radiation arm, that is, the radiation arm 11 is set as a ring-shaped radiation arm, which can reduce the coupling area between the low-frequency radiation unit and the high-frequency radiation unit, and thus help to reduce the high-frequency induced current coupled by the low-frequency radiation unit to the high-frequency radiation unit, thereby helping to improve the stability of the radiation pattern of the high-frequency radiation unit in the array base station antenna.
在一些实施例中，继续参照图9，慢波电路结构12设置在环形辐射臂的内臂上。In some embodiments, with continued reference to FIG. 9 , the slow-wave circuit structure 12 is disposed on the inner arm of the annular radiation arm.
具体地，辐射臂11上开设有通孔14，以形成环形辐射臂，可将慢波电路结构12设置在环形辐射臂的内臂上，或者将慢波电路结构12设置在环形辐射臂的外臂上，本公开实施例对此不作具体限定。本公开实施例的优选实施方式将慢波电路结构12设置在环形辐射臂的内臂上，有利于缩小辐射单元的口径，进而有利于实现天线的小型化设计。Specifically, a through hole 14 is provided on the radiation arm 11 to form a ring-shaped radiation arm, and the slow-wave circuit structure 12 can be arranged on the inner arm of the ring-shaped radiation arm, or the slow-wave circuit structure 12 can be arranged on the outer arm of the ring-shaped radiation arm, which is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present disclosure. The preferred implementation of the embodiment of the present disclosure arranges the slow-wave circuit structure 12 on the inner arm of the ring-shaped radiation arm, which is conducive to reducing the diameter of the radiation unit, and further conducive to realizing the miniaturization design of the antenna.
在一些实施例中，继续参照图9，辐射单元还包括独立导体结构15，独立导体结构15对应下方的高频辐射单元设置在环形辐射臂的内侧。In some embodiments, continuing to refer to FIG. 9 , the radiation unit further includes an independent conductor structure 15 , and the independent conductor structure 15 is disposed on the inner side of the annular radiation arm corresponding to the high-frequency radiation unit below.
具体地，辐射臂11上开设有通孔14，以形成环形辐射臂，在通孔14即镂空结构的投影区域内设置独立导体结构15，即将独立导体结构15设置在环形辐射臂的内侧，且独立导体结构15与环形辐射臂绝缘， 独立导体结构15的下方对应设置有高频辐射单元。Specifically, a through hole 14 is opened on the radiation arm 11 to form a ring-shaped radiation arm, and an independent conductor structure 15 is arranged in the projection area of the through hole 14, i.e., the hollow structure, that is, the independent conductor structure 15 is arranged on the inner side of the ring-shaped radiation arm, and the independent conductor structure 15 is insulated from the ring-shaped radiation arm. A high-frequency radiation unit is correspondingly arranged below the independent conductor structure 15 .
其中，独立导体结构15在辐射臂11所在平面上的垂直投影的外尺寸总长度为高频辐射单元工作频段波长的0.4～1倍。通过仿真测试得到，设置上述尺寸的独立导体结构15，对高频信号具有引向作用，可改善高频辐射单元的辐射效果。The total length of the outer dimensions of the vertical projection of the independent conductor structure 15 on the plane where the radiation arm 11 is located is 0.4 to 1 times the wavelength of the working frequency band of the high-frequency radiation unit. Through simulation tests, it is found that the independent conductor structure 15 with the above dimensions has a guiding effect on the high-frequency signal and can improve the radiation effect of the high-frequency radiation unit.
为了验证设置的独立导体结构15对辐射臂11工作的低频频段是否造成影响，对本公开实施例的提供辐射单元进行驻波仿真测试。示例性地，图10为本公开实施例提供的一种辐射单元的仿真驻波图。如图10所示，横坐标代表频率，单位为MHz，纵坐标代表驻波比的数值，由图10可得本公开实施例提供的辐射单元的第一极化端口和第二极化端口的驻波比均小于1.5，可认为辐射单元工作的低频频段受到的影响可以忽略。In order to verify whether the independent conductor structure 15 has an impact on the low-frequency band of the radiation arm 11, a standing wave simulation test is performed on the radiation unit provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure. For example, FIG10 is a simulated standing wave diagram of a radiation unit provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG10, the horizontal axis represents the frequency in MHz, and the vertical axis represents the value of the standing wave ratio. It can be obtained from FIG10 that the standing wave ratios of the first polarization port and the second polarization port of the radiation unit provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure are both less than 1.5, and it can be considered that the impact on the low-frequency band of the radiation unit can be ignored.
其中，驻波比全称为电压驻波比，电压驻波比为传输线波腹电压与波谷电压幅度之比，又称为驻波系数，为本领域技术人员的公知常识，在此不再详细赘述。Among them, the full name of the standing wave ratio is voltage standing wave ratio. The voltage standing wave ratio is the ratio of the voltage at the antinode of the transmission line to the voltage at the valley. It is also called the standing wave coefficient. It is common knowledge among technicians in this field and will not be described in detail here.
在上述实施方式的基础上，本公开实施例还提供了一种基站天线。图11为本公开实施例提供的一种基站天线的侧视结构示意图。结合图1和图11，基站天线20包括低频辐射单元21和高频辐射单元22，图11示例性地示出了一个低频辐射单元21与多个高频辐射单元22，低频辐射单元21是如上述各实施例所述的辐射单元010，因此具有相同或相似的有益效果，在此不再一一赘述。On the basis of the above-mentioned implementation, the embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a base station antenna. FIG11 is a schematic diagram of a side view structure of a base station antenna provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure. In combination with FIG1 and FIG11, the base station antenna 20 includes a low-frequency radiation unit 21 and a high-frequency radiation unit 22. FIG11 exemplarily shows a low-frequency radiation unit 21 and a plurality of high-frequency radiation units 22. The low-frequency radiation unit 21 is the radiation unit 010 described in the above-mentioned embodiments, and therefore has the same or similar beneficial effects, which will not be described one by one here.
在一些实施例中，继续参照图11，多个高频辐射单元22组成高频阵列，低频辐射单元21插设于高频阵列的阵列间隙中。In some embodiments, still referring to FIG. 11 , a plurality of high-frequency radiation units 22 form a high-frequency array, and the low-frequency radiation units 21 are inserted in the array gaps of the high-frequency array.
在其它实施方式中，还可将低频辐射单元21与高频辐射单元22嵌套设置，本公开实施例对此不作具体限定。In other implementations, the low-frequency radiation unit 21 and the high-frequency radiation unit 22 may be nested, which is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present disclosure.
本公开实施例提供的基站天线中的低频辐射单元21采用图1中所述的辐射单元010，有利于实现基站天线的小型化设计。The low-frequency radiation unit 21 in the base station antenna provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure adopts the radiation unit 010 described in FIG. 1 , which is conducive to realizing the miniaturized design of the base station antenna.
示例性地，图12为本公开实施例提供的一种基站天线在高频工作 频段的仿真波动示意图。作为参照，图13为相关技术提供的一种基站天线在高频工作频段的仿真波动示意图。图12和图13的横坐标代表方位角，单位为deg，纵坐标代表辐射方向图的电平，单位为dB。结合图12和图13可得，相关技术中提供的基站天线在高频工作频段的波动较大，而本公开实施例提供的基站天线在高频工作频段的波动较小。由此，本公开实施例提供的基站天线有利于改善其在高频工作频段波动的问题。For example, FIG12 is a base station antenna provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure working at a high frequency. Schematic diagram of simulated fluctuations in the frequency band. For reference, FIG13 is a schematic diagram of simulated fluctuations of a base station antenna in a high-frequency working frequency band provided by the related art. The horizontal axis of FIG12 and FIG13 represents the azimuth, the unit is deg, and the vertical axis represents the level of the radiation pattern, the unit is dB. Combining FIG12 and FIG13, it can be obtained that the base station antenna provided in the related art has a large fluctuation in the high-frequency working frequency band, while the base station antenna provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure has a small fluctuation in the high-frequency working frequency band. Therefore, the base station antenna provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure is conducive to improving its fluctuation problem in the high-frequency working frequency band.
需要说明的是，在本文中，诸如“第一”和“第二”等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "comprise a ..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the elements.
以上所述仅是本公开的具体实施方式，使本领域技术人员能够理解或实现本公开。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本公开的精神或范围的情况下，在其它实施例中实现。因此，本公开将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。The above description is only a specific embodiment of the present disclosure, so that those skilled in the art can understand or implement the present disclosure. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the present disclosure will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but will conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
工业实用性Industrial Applicability
本公开提供的辐射单元，有利于实现低频辐射单元小型化设计的同时，可弱化低频辐射单元对高频辐射单元性能的影响，从而改善了阵列式基站天线中高频辐射单元辐射方向图的稳定性。 The radiation unit provided by the present disclosure is conducive to the miniaturization design of the low-frequency radiation unit, while weakening the influence of the low-frequency radiation unit on the performance of the high-frequency radiation unit, thereby improving the stability of the radiation pattern of the high-frequency radiation unit in the array base station antenna.

Claims (10)

  1. 一种辐射单元，其特征在于，包括：A radiation unit, characterized in that it comprises:
    多个辐射臂和慢波电路结构，所述慢波电路结构设置在至少一个所述辐射臂上；A plurality of radiation arms and a slow-wave circuit structure, wherein the slow-wave circuit structure is arranged on at least one of the radiation arms;
    所述慢波电路结构包括相互间隔设置的多个导体段，所述多个导体段的第一端均与所述辐射臂连接，且各所述导体段与所述辐射臂的接触面具有一定夹角。The slow-wave circuit structure comprises a plurality of conductor segments spaced apart from each other, the first ends of the plurality of conductor segments are all connected to the radiation arm, and a contact surface between each of the conductor segments and the radiation arm has a certain angle.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的辐射单元，其特征在于，所述多个导体段的第二端相互绝缘，或者，所述多个导体段的第二端相互电连接。The radiation unit according to claim 1 is characterized in that the second ends of the plurality of conductor segments are insulated from each other, or the second ends of the plurality of conductor segments are electrically connected to each other.
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的辐射单元，其特征在于，所述辐射单元工作于低频频段，任意相邻两个所述导体段的第一端的间隙小于0.05λ，其中，所述λ为高频辐射单元工作频段的波长。The radiation unit according to claim 1 is characterized in that the radiation unit operates in a low frequency band, and the gap between the first ends of any two adjacent conductor segments is less than 0.05λ, wherein λ is the wavelength of the operating frequency band of the high frequency radiation unit.
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的辐射单元，其特征在于，所述导体段的长度为0.05λ～0.25λ。The radiation unit according to claim 3 is characterized in that the length of the conductor segment is 0.05λ to 0.25λ.
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的辐射单元，其特征在于，所述辐射臂设置为环形辐射臂。The radiation unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the radiation arm is configured as a ring-shaped radiation arm.
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的辐射单元，其特征在于，所述慢波电路结构设置在所述环形辐射臂的内臂上。The radiation unit according to claim 5 is characterized in that the slow-wave circuit structure is arranged on the inner arm of the annular radiation arm.
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的辐射单元，其特征在于，还包括：The radiation unit according to claim 5, further comprising:
    独立导体结构，所述独立导体结构对应下方的高频辐射单元设置在所述环形辐射臂的内侧。An independent conductor structure, wherein the high-frequency radiation unit corresponding to the lower side of the independent conductor structure is arranged on the inner side of the annular radiation arm.
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的辐射单元，其特征在于，所述独立导体结构在所处辐射臂所在平面上的垂直投影的轮廓的总长度为0.4λ～1λ，其中，所述λ为高频辐射单元工作频段的波长。The radiation unit according to claim 7 is characterized in that the total length of the outline of the vertical projection of the independent conductor structure on the plane where the radiation arm is located is 0.4λ~1λ, wherein λ is the wavelength of the working frequency band of the high-frequency radiation unit.
  9. 一种基站天线，其特征在于，包括：A base station antenna, characterized by comprising:
    低频辐射单元和高频辐射单元，所述低频辐射单元是如权利要求1-8任一项所述的辐射单元。 A low-frequency radiation unit and a high-frequency radiation unit, wherein the low-frequency radiation unit is a radiation unit according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的基站天线，其特征在于，多个所述高频辐射单元组成高频阵列，所述低频辐射单元插设于所述高频阵列的阵列间隙中，或者所述低频辐射单元与所述高频辐射单元嵌套设置。 The base station antenna according to claim 9 is characterized in that a plurality of the high-frequency radiation units form a high-frequency array, the low-frequency radiation unit is inserted in the array gap of the high-frequency array, or the low-frequency radiation unit and the high-frequency radiation unit are nested.
PCT/CN2023/127920 2022-11-02 2023-10-30 Radiation unit and base station antenna WO2024093942A1 (en)

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CN113937493A (en) * 2021-11-02 2022-01-14 苏州东山精密制造股份有限公司 Low-frequency radiation unit and antenna array
CN115133277A (en) * 2022-05-30 2022-09-30 广东通宇通讯股份有限公司 Antenna radiation arm, antenna radiation unit and multi-frequency array antenna
CN115832683A (en) * 2022-11-02 2023-03-21 京信通信技术(广州)有限公司 Radiation unit and base station antenna

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