WO2024093210A1 - 基于永磁铁与电磁铁的复合磁铁组件及其组件设计方法 - Google Patents

基于永磁铁与电磁铁的复合磁铁组件及其组件设计方法 Download PDF

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WO2024093210A1
WO2024093210A1 PCT/CN2023/096187 CN2023096187W WO2024093210A1 WO 2024093210 A1 WO2024093210 A1 WO 2024093210A1 CN 2023096187 W CN2023096187 W CN 2023096187W WO 2024093210 A1 WO2024093210 A1 WO 2024093210A1
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electromagnet
permanent magnet
winding
core
composite
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PCT/CN2023/096187
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
胡校铭
付松
杨晓露
朱啸航
陈彪
章兆能
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浙江英洛华磁业有限公司
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Publication of WO2024093210A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024093210A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
    • G06F30/23—Design optimisation, verification or simulation using finite element methods [FEM] or finite difference methods [FDM]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
    • H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
    • H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
    • H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/02—Permanent magnets [PM]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/128—Encapsulating, encasing or sealing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/01—Relays in which the armature is maintained in one position by a permanent magnet and freed by energisation of a coil producing an opposing magnetic field
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electromagnet technology, and in particular to a composite magnet assembly based on a permanent magnet and an electromagnet for realizing frequent adsorption and desorption requirements and a method for designing the assembly.
  • a permanent magnet When a permanent magnet approaches a magnetic material, it will generate an adsorption force, making it close to the adsorbed object, but the adsorption is not easy to separate; and the electromagnet can also generate a magnetic field after being energized.
  • the current when facing the use environment of normal adsorption, the current needs to be kept constant for continuous adsorption, which is a considerable energy consumption. Since the direction of the magnetic poles generated by the electromagnet is controlled by the direction of the current, and desorption can be easily achieved by controlling the on and off of the current. By adjusting the direction of the current, the direction of the magnetic poles generated by the electromagnet is opposite to the direction of the permanent magnet.
  • the combination of permanent magnets and electromagnets can meet the normal adsorption when the power is off, and the rapid desorption when the power is on.
  • the adsorption force of permanent magnets is greatly affected by the brand and size. If the adsorption force is less than the load weight, the permanent magnet assembly will be separated from the electromagnet assembly, and the closing function will be affected. If the adsorption force is too large, the electromagnetic force required for the spring-open will be too large, which will cause the required electromagnet voltage or current to exceed expectations, and even bring safety hazards. This is not conducive to the normal execution of the frequent adsorption and desorption functions between the permanent magnet assembly and the electromagnet assembly. At the same time, the heat generated by the electromagnet is also closely related to the voltage and resistance, and the high temperature generated by the heat will react on the coil resistance and the performance of the permanent magnet, which may also cause abnormal function of the composite magnet and cause energy waste.
  • the present invention provides a composite magnet assembly based on a permanent magnet and an electromagnet; at the same time, due to the fact that the adsorption force of the permanent magnet assembly and the electromagnet assembly is affected by factors such as the size during use, it may not be able to normally perform the normal closing function or the pop-up function, which is not conducive to the execution of its normal tasks and even brings a certain degree of potential safety hazards in use, etc., a component design method is provided that can effectively ensure that it can normally execute the task requirements of its closing function or the pop-up function, improve the effectiveness of the use task requirements, and improve the safety and reliability of use.
  • a composite magnet assembly based on permanent magnet and electromagnet including a permanent magnet structure and an electromagnet structure, characterized in that: the permanent magnet structure includes a permanent magnet and an iron cup, the electromagnet structure includes a mountain-shaped electromagnet core, an electromagnetic shielding cover, a coil frame and a coil wound on the coil frame and an epoxy sealant, the magnetic pole direction of the permanent magnet is set opposite to the magnetic pole direction of the magnetic field generated after the electromagnet is energized; the electromagnetic shielding cover is arranged at the top of the mountain-shaped iron core to increase the magnetic circuit conduction effect, and at the same time shield the interference of the system magnetic field to the outside world and the interference of the external magnetic field to the system, the permanent magnet structure assembly position is directly opposite to the bottom of the mountain-shaped electromagnet core, and there is an assembly gap between the top surface of the permanent magnet structure and the bottom of the mountain-shaped electromagnet core.
  • the performance grade of the permanent magnet and the relevant parameter data such as the size of the iron cup can be effectively determined and optimized, and the relevant parameter data requirements of the electromagnet can be effectively optimized, and the requirements for the closing function or the opening function can be effectively guaranteed to be fully executed, the effectiveness of the use task requirements can be improved, and the safety, reliability and energy saving and environmental protection of the use can be improved.
  • the permanent magnet is made of rare earth permanent magnet material structure, which is made of neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material structure or samarium cobalt permanent magnet material structure;
  • the iron cup, iron core, and shielding cover are made of conventional magnetic conductive material structure, which includes iron material structure and titanium alloy material structure.
  • glue can be conventional metal adhesives such as epoxy adhesive, polyurethane adhesive, and acrylate adhesive.
  • the coaxiality or concentricity of the permanent magnet structure and the mountain-shaped electromagnetic core is ⁇ 1.6 mm, thereby improving the stability, reliability and effectiveness of the magnetic attraction and repulsion between the permanent magnet structure and the mountain-shaped electromagnetic core.
  • the coaxiality or concentricity of the permanent magnet structure and the mountain-shaped electromagnetic core is ⁇ 0.2 mm, thereby improving the stability, reliability and effectiveness of the magnetic attraction and repulsion between the permanent magnet structure and the mountain-shaped electromagnetic core.
  • the assembly gap distance between the permanent magnet and the electromagnet is 0.8 mm to 1.0 mm, thereby improving the safety, stability, reliability and effectiveness of the magnetic attraction and repulsion between the permanent magnet structure and the mountain-shaped electromagnet core.
  • Another invention object of the present invention is to provide a composite magnet design method based on permanent magnet and electromagnet, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
  • step S2 Based on the permanent magnet suction simulation model established in step S1, determine the thickness of the permanent magnet, the diameter of the permanent magnet, and the wall thickness and bottom thickness of the permanent magnet iron cup so that the suction force generated by it meets the design load weight under the assembly gap;
  • the performance, thickness and diameter of the permanent magnet, as well as the size of the iron cup are calculated so that the suction force generated by it meets the adsorption requirements under the load; according to the voltage and current threshold of the electromagnet, the iron core size, coil turns and wire diameter and other parameters are calculated so that the repulsive force generated by the electromagnet in the power-on state can make the permanent magnet assembly and its load spring off; the performance of the permanent magnet and the coil resistance at the high and low temperature limits are calculated to ensure the normal function of the extreme temperature system.
  • This design method can not only ensure the adsorption-spring-off function of the composite magnet, but also solve the abnormal situation at the extreme temperature, and take into account the requirements of energy saving and safety.
  • the electromagnet core related parameters include the inner and outer diameters of the electromagnet core, the outer wall thickness of the core, the bottom thickness of the core, the number of coil turns and the wire gauge and diameter.
  • the modeling method for modeling the electromagnet magnetic force simulation model is as follows: the electromagnet winding current in the model is calculated, and the formula is as follows:
  • L wire is the winding length
  • H coil is the winding height
  • R1 is the winding outer diameter
  • R2 is the winding inner diameter
  • D wire is the wire diameter
  • I is the electromagnet winding current.
  • T is the number of turns of the electromagnet winding
  • H coil is the height of the winding
  • R 1 is the outer diameter of the winding
  • R 2 is the inner diameter of the winding
  • D wire is the wire diameter
  • RT1 is the outer diameter of the electromagnet shell
  • C1 is the gap between the coil winding and the shell, which is 0.1 ⁇ 5.0mm
  • RT2 is the diameter of the electromagnet core
  • D is the thickness of the winding frame, which is 0.5 ⁇ 5.0mm
  • H is the height of the electromagnet shell
  • H coil is the height of the winding
  • H b is the thickness of the electromagnet bottom, which is 0.5 ⁇ 5.0mm
  • C2 is the gap between the winding and the bottom, which is 0.1 ⁇ 2.0mm.
  • the mechanical dimensions, coil parameters, external loads, etc. of the composite magnet are associated and bound in the form of formulas, and the parameters can be automatically changed during the solution process.
  • the result of the parameter traversal is the linkage change of the mechanical dimensions bound by the formula, and then the mechanical dimension results, coil parameters, etc. of the composite design concept are output.
  • This method uses simulation software to greatly shorten the R&D cycle and save manpower and financial losses.
  • the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the performance grade of the permanent magnet and the iron cup size and other related parameter data can be effectively determined and optimized according to the load data of power-off use, and then the related parameter data requirements of the electromagnet can be effectively optimized, and the closing function or the spring-opening function task requirements can be effectively performed, and the effectiveness of the task requirements can be improved, and the safety and reliability of use can be improved.
  • the magnetic energy is just effectively and safely utilized, and too much waste of design magnetic force will not occur.
  • the permanent magnet assembly drives the remaining components fixed on the permanent magnet assembly to be adsorbed onto the magnetic conductive component where the electromagnet assembly is located.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a composite magnet assembly based on a permanent magnet and an electromagnet according to the present invention.
  • FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the magnetic field line distribution of the composite magnet assembly based on permanent magnet and electromagnet of the present invention when the electromagnet is powered off, and the permanent magnet assembly is adsorbed on the electromagnet core (symmetric along the Z axis).
  • FIG3 shows the distribution of magnetic force lines (symmetric along the Z axis) of the composite magnet assembly based on permanent magnets and electromagnets of the present invention, in which the adsorption force of the permanent magnet assembly is partially offset when the electromagnet is energized.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the magnetic force lines distribution of the composite magnet assembly based on permanent magnet and electromagnet of the present invention when the electromagnet without electromagnetic shielding cover is powered off, and the magnet assembly is adsorbed on the electromagnet core (symmetric along the Z axis).
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the magnetic force lines distribution of the composite magnet assembly based on permanent magnet and electromagnet of the present invention when the electromagnet without electromagnetic shielding cover is energized, and the magnet assembly is adsorbed on the electromagnet core (symmetric along the Z axis).
  • Embodiment 1 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • a composite magnet assembly based on a permanent magnet and an electromagnet includes a permanent magnet structure 1 and an electromagnet structure 2.
  • the permanent magnet structure includes a permanent magnet 3 and an iron cup 4.
  • the iron cup 4 is provided with an embedded slot cavity for embedding the permanent magnet 3.
  • the permanent magnet 3 is embedded, connected and fixedly arranged in the embedded slot cavity.
  • the electromagnet structure includes a mountain-shaped electromagnet core 5, an electromagnetic shielding cover 8, a coil skeleton 6 and a coil 7 wound on the coil skeleton.
  • the magnetic pole direction of the permanent magnet 3 is arranged opposite to the magnetic pole direction of the magnetic field generated after the electromagnet structure is energized; the electromagnetic shielding cover 8 is installed and connected to the top of the mountain-shaped core 5 to increase the magnetic circuit conduction effect and shield the interference of the system magnetic field to the outside world and the interference of the external magnetic field to the system.
  • the permanent magnet structure assembly position is directly opposite to the bottom of the mountain-shaped electromagnet core, and there is an assembly gap between the top surface of the permanent magnet structure and the bottom of the mountain-shaped electromagnet core. There is an assembly gap of 1.0 mm between the top surface of the permanent magnet structure and the bottom of the mountain-shaped electromagnet core.
  • the distance between the top surface of the permanent magnet structure and the bottom of the mountain-shaped electromagnetic core can also be an assembly gap of 0.1mm to 2.0mm.
  • the permanent magnet adopts a rare earth permanent magnet material structure, such as a neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material structure or a samarium cobalt permanent magnet material structure;
  • the iron cup, the iron core and the shielding cover adopt a conventional magnetic conductive material structure, and the conventional magnetic conductive material structure includes an iron material structure and a titanium alloy material structure.
  • the bonding method between the permanent magnet and the iron cup can be further strengthened by glue, and the glue adopts conventional metal adhesives such as epoxy adhesive, polyurethane adhesive, and acrylic adhesive.
  • the coaxiality or concentricity between the permanent magnet structure and the mountain-shaped electromagnet core is ⁇ 1.6mm.
  • the coaxiality or concentricity between the permanent magnet structure and the mountain-shaped electromagnet core is ⁇ 0.2mm.
  • the above coaxiality or concentricity can also be called center deviation.
  • the assembly gap distance between the permanent magnet and the electromagnet is 0.8mm to 1.0mm.
  • the assembly gap distance is also the air gap distance between the permanent magnet structure and the electromagnet structure when the power is off.
  • Maxwell finite element simulation software is used to simulate it.
  • the magnetic lines of force and magnetic induction intensity in the power-off state are shown in Figure 2
  • the magnetic lines of force and magnetic induction intensity in the power-on state are shown in Figure 3.
  • a composite magnet design method based on permanent magnet and electromagnet comprises the following steps:
  • step S2 Based on the permanent magnet suction simulation model established in step S1, determine the thickness of the permanent magnet, the diameter of the permanent magnet, and the wall thickness and bottom thickness of the permanent magnet iron cup so that the suction force generated by it meets the design load weight under the assembly gap;
  • the parameters related to the electromagnet core include the inner and outer diameters of the electromagnet core, the outer wall thickness of the core, the bottom thickness of the core, the number of coil turns and the coil wire gauge and diameter.
  • step S3 the modeling method for modeling the electromagnetic magnetic force simulation model is as follows:
  • L wire is the winding length
  • H coil is the winding height
  • R1 is the winding outer diameter
  • R2 is the winding inner diameter
  • D wire is the wire diameter
  • I is the electromagnet winding current.
  • T is the number of turns of the electromagnet winding
  • H coil is the height of the winding
  • R 1 is the outer diameter of the winding
  • R 2 is the inner diameter of the winding
  • D wire is the wire diameter
  • RT1 is the outer diameter of the electromagnet shell
  • C1 is the gap between the coil winding and the shell, which is 0.1 ⁇ 5.0mm
  • RT2 is the diameter of the electromagnet core
  • D is the thickness of the winding frame, which is 0.5 ⁇ 5.0mm
  • H is the height of the electromagnet shell
  • H coil is the height of the winding
  • H b is the thickness of the electromagnet bottom, which is 0.5 ⁇ 5.0mm
  • C2 is the gap between the winding and the bottom, which is 0.1 ⁇ 2.0mm.
  • a composite magnet design method based on permanent magnet and electromagnet is as follows:
  • Example 2 Use the model in Example 2 to parameterize the permanent magnet suction force when the power is off, and obtain the permanent magnet performance at an air gap of 0.7mm that meets the load weight greater than 30N with a residual magnetism of 12.7kGs; at the same time, determine the optimal permanent magnet size that meets the requirements as 18mm in diameter and 1.8mm in thickness; and the iron cup size as 18.2mm in inner diameter, 21.4mm in outer diameter, 3.9mm in thickness, and 1.9mm in bottom thickness.
  • S3 Parameterize the electromagnetic force of the electromagnet when power is supplied, and obtain the electromagnet core diameter and other dimensions, the number of coil turns of 426, and the wire gauge of 23AWG under 9-16V voltage and 10A limited current.
  • a composite magnet design method based on permanent magnet and electromagnet is as follows:
  • S3 Parameterize the electromagnetic force of the electromagnet when power is supplied, and obtain the electromagnet core diameter and other dimensions, the number of coil turns of 608, and the wire gauge of 24AWG under 9-16V voltage and 20A limited current.
  • Example 4 since the elastic release cannot be achieved at the position of 0.8-1.0 mm at room temperature, the limit temperature calculation is not performed.
  • the limit temperature data (-40°C, 95°C) of Example 3 are as follows:
  • the high temperature limit energized data of the coaxiality, concentricity or center deviation of Example 3 are as follows:
  • Embodiment 5 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 5:
  • the only difference from the first embodiment is that the electromagnetic shielding cover at the top end of the mountain-shaped core is eliminated.
  • Maxwell finite element simulation software is used to simulate it.
  • the magnetic lines of force and magnetic induction intensity in the power-off state are shown in FIG4
  • the magnetic lines of force and magnetic induction intensity in the power-on state are shown in FIG5 .
  • Example 4 Comparing Example 3 with Example 4, it can be found that the resultant force of Example 4 at the air gap of 0.8-1.0mm is still suction, which does not meet the requirement of repulsion; and the resultant force can only be repulsive when the air gap is 1.3mm and the voltage is 16V, and the resultant force is -0.11N, which is close to the limit of spring-off. While Example 2 meets the condition that the power-off suction force at the position of 0.8-1.0mm is greater than 30N, the resultant force at the position of 0.8-1.0mm at 9-16V voltage is repulsive.
  • Example 3 By comparing the temperature data of Example 3, it can be found that the design can still meet the function when the air gap is 0.8-1.0mm at the extreme temperatures of -40°C and 95°C, and its operating current meets the safety requirement of less than 10A.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于永磁铁与电磁铁的复合磁铁组件及其组件设计方法，针对满足断电时永磁体吸附力大于负载、通电时电磁永磁合力为斥力，且电磁铁电压、电流复合安全、节能等情况，给出一种永磁铁性能、尺寸及电磁铁尺寸、电压、绕组线径、匝数的设计方法。其首先是根据断电使用负载，确定永磁铁的性能牌号，并优化永磁铁的直径、厚度及铁杯的外径、底厚和壁厚等参数，然后是根据工作电压范围，优化电磁铁的内柱直径，进而优化线规线径和绕组匝数以满足安全电流需求，并优化线圈空间和电磁铁外壳尺寸。可有效保证其可正常执行完全其闭合功能或弹开功能任务需求，提高使用任务需求有效性，提高使用安全可靠性。

Description

基于永磁铁与电磁铁的复合磁铁组件及其组件设计方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种电磁铁技术，尤其是涉及一种用于实现频繁吸附、脱附需求场合的基于永磁铁与电磁铁的复合磁铁组件及其组件设计方法。
 背景技术
永磁铁在接近导磁材料时会产生吸附力，使其紧贴被吸附物件，但吸附不易分开；而电磁铁通电后也可以产生磁场，然而在面对常态保持吸附的使用环境时，需要保持电流常驻才能持续吸附，这是不小的能源消耗。由于电磁铁产生的磁极方向由电流方向控制，并且可以通过控制电流通断轻松实现脱吸附。通过调节电流方向，使电磁铁产生的磁极方向与永磁铁磁极方向相反，根据同极相斥原理，永磁铁对导磁材料的吸附力会被部分或全部抵消，从而实现相互吸附或弹脱分开。因此，将永磁铁和电磁铁结合，能满足断电情况下的常态吸附，以及通电情况下的快速脱附。
但是永磁铁的吸附力很大程度受牌号和尺寸影响，如果吸附力小于负载重量，会导致永磁铁组件与电磁铁组件分离，闭合功能受到影响；如果吸附力太大，会导致弹开所需的电磁力过大，进而导致所需电磁铁电压或者电流超出预期，甚至是带来安全隐患。而这都不利于永磁铁组件与电磁铁组件之间的频繁吸附与脱附功能的任务正常执行，同时电磁铁发热量也与电压、电阻息息相关，而发热产生的高温又反作用于线圈电阻和永磁铁性能，这也可能会导致复合磁体功能异常，而且会造成能量的浪费。
 技术问题
本发明为解决现有单一永磁铁无法轻松脱附、电磁铁无法常态吸附问题，提供了一种基于永磁铁与电磁铁的复合磁铁组件；同时由于永磁铁组件与电磁铁组件存在着应用时其吸附力受尺寸大小影响等因素，导致可能不能正常执行完成正常闭合功能或弹开功能，不利于其正常任务的执行，甚至是带来一定程度上的使用安全隐患问题等现状而提供的一种可有效保证其可正常执行完全其闭合功能或弹开功能任务需求，提高使用任务需求有效性，提高使用安全可靠性的组件设计方法。
 技术解决方案
本发明为解决上述技术问题所采用的具体技术方案为： 一种基于永磁铁与电磁铁的复合磁铁组件，包括永磁铁结构和电磁铁结构，其特征在于：所述的永磁铁结构包括永磁铁和铁杯，所述的电磁铁结构包括山字型电磁铁芯、电磁屏蔽盖、线圈骨架和绕制在线圈骨架上的线圈以及灌封环氧胶，永磁铁的磁极方向采用与电磁铁通电后产生的磁场磁极方向相反设置；电磁屏蔽盖设于山字型铁芯顶端部，用于增加磁路导通效果，同时屏蔽***磁场对外界的干扰以及外界磁场对***的干扰，永磁铁结构装配位置正对设于山字型电磁铁芯的底部处，且永磁铁结构顶端表面与山字型电磁铁芯底部间具有装配间隙。可有效根据断电使用负载，确定与优化永磁铁的性能牌号及铁杯尺寸等相关参数数据，进而可有效优化电磁铁相关参数数据需求，有效保证其可正常执行完全其闭合功能或弹开功能任务需求，提高使用任务需求有效性，提高使用安全可靠性与节能环保性。
作为优选，所述的永磁铁结构顶端表面与山字型电磁铁芯底部间具有距离为0.1mm～2.0mm的装配间隙。提高永磁铁结构与山字型电磁铁芯的装配使用可靠有效性。
作为优选，所述的永磁铁采用稀土永磁铁材质结构，稀土永磁铁材质结构采用钕铁硼永磁铁材质结构或钐钴永磁铁材质结构；铁杯、铁芯、屏蔽盖采用常规导磁材质结构，常规导磁材质结构包括铁质材质结构和钛合金材质结构。提高永磁铁结构的性能结构稳定可靠有效性，永磁铁和铁杯间结合方式为胶水粘结，胶水可采用如环氧粘结胶、聚氨酯粘结胶、丙烯酸酯粘结胶等常规金属粘结胶。
作为优选，所述的永磁铁结构与山字型电磁铁芯的同轴度或同心度≤1.6mm。提高永磁铁结构与山字型电磁铁芯间的磁性吸力与斥力稳定可靠有效性。
作为优选，所述的永磁铁结构与山字型电磁铁芯的同轴度或同心度≤0.2mm。提高永磁铁结构与山字型电磁铁芯间的磁性吸力与斥力稳定可靠有效性。
作为优选，所述的永磁铁与电磁铁的装配间隙距离为0.8mm～1.0mm。提高永磁铁结构与山字型电磁铁芯间的磁性吸力与斥力安全稳定可靠有效性。
本发明申请的另一个发明目的在于提供一种基于永磁铁与电磁铁的复合磁铁设计方法，其特征在于：包括如下步骤：
   S1. 根据上述技术方案之一所述的基于永磁铁与电磁铁的复合磁铁组件在断电状态时确定设计负载重量及装配间隙，并基于有限元仿真软件Maxwell，建立永磁铁吸力仿真模型；
S2. 基于S1步骤中建立的永磁铁吸力仿真模型，确定永磁铁的厚度、永磁铁的直径以及永磁铁铁杯的壁厚和底厚，使其产生的吸力满足装配间隙下的设计负载重量；
S3. 基于有限元仿真软件Maxwell，建立电磁铁磁力仿真模型；并根据电磁铁磁力仿真模型，对满足电磁铁组件设计电压和电流条件下的电磁铁铁芯相关参数进行仿真；
S4. 根据常温参数，推算-40℃～95℃高低温极限情况下的永磁铁性能及电磁铁绕组电阻，并对此极限情况进行仿真，确保其功能正常及各项参数合理可靠。
根据负载重量及装配间隙，计算永磁铁性能、厚度和直径，以及铁杯尺寸，使其产生的吸力满足负载下的吸附要求；根据电磁铁使用电压和电流阈值，计算铁芯尺寸、线圈匝数及线径等参数，使通电状态下电磁铁产生的斥力能使永磁铁组件及其负载弹脱；计算高低温极限的永磁铁性能和线圈电阻，保证极限温度***功能正常。该设计方法既能保证复合磁体的吸附-弹脱功能，同时解决极限温度下的异常情况，并兼顾了节能和安全的要求。
作为优选，所述的电磁铁铁芯相关参数包括电磁铁铁芯内外径、铁芯外壁厚、铁芯底厚、线圈匝数和线规线径。
作为优选，上述S3步骤中，对电磁铁磁力仿真模型进行建模的建模方法如下：计算模型中电磁铁绕组电流，其公式如下：
    
 
式中，L wire为绕组绕线长度，H coil为绕组高度，R 1为绕组外径，R 2为绕组内径，D wire为线径；I为电磁铁绕组电流。
计算模型中电磁铁绕组匝数，其公式如下：
 
式中，T为电磁铁绕组匝数，H coil为绕组高度，R 1为绕组外径，R 2为绕组内径，D wire为线径。
   计算电磁铁铁芯等尺寸，其公式如下：
式中，R T1为电磁铁外壳外径，C 1为线圈绕组与外壳间隙，为0.1～5.0mm；R T2为电磁铁铁芯直径，D为绕线骨架厚度，为0.5～5.0mm；H为电磁铁外壳高度，H coil为绕组高度，H b为电磁铁底厚，为0.5～5.0mm，C 2为绕组与底部间隙为0.1～2.0mm。
通过上述建立仿真模型，使用软件参数化设置，将复合磁体的机械尺寸、线圈参数、外部负载等以公式的形式关联绑定，可以在求解过程中自动地改变参数，参数遍历的结果是被公式绑定的机械尺寸等联动变化，进而输出复合设计理念的机械尺寸结果、线圈参数等。此方法利用仿真软件，可以大大缩短研发周期，同时节约人力和财力损耗。
 有益效果
本发明的有益效果是：可有效根据断电使用负载数据，确定与优化永磁铁的性能牌号及铁杯尺寸等相关参数数据，进而可有效优化电磁铁相关参数数据需求，有效保证其可正常执行完全其闭合功能或弹开功能任务需求，提高使用任务需求有效性，提高使用安全可靠性。使磁性能源恰好被有效安全利用，不会造成太多设计磁力浪费现象发生。
（1）电磁铁断电的情况下，永磁铁组件带动固定在永磁铁组件上的其余部件吸附于电磁铁组件所在的导磁部件。
（2）电磁铁通电的情况下，产生与永磁铁相反的磁场，根据同极相斥原理，永磁铁对导磁材料的吸附力会被抵消，从而实现脱吸附或弹脱。
（3）在极限使用温度下，随着永磁铁性能变化和线圈电阻变化，复合磁铁仍能满足使用需求和安全需求。
 附图说明
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明做进一步的详细说明。
图1是本发明基于永磁铁与电磁铁的复合磁铁组件的剖视结构示意图。
图2为本发明基于永磁铁与电磁铁的复合磁铁组件在电磁铁断电时，永磁铁组件吸附于电磁铁铁芯的磁力线分布示意图（Z轴对称）。
图3为本发明基于永磁铁与电磁铁的复合磁铁组件在电磁铁通电时，永磁铁组件吸附力被部分抵消的磁力线分布（Z轴对称）。
图4为本发明基于永磁铁与电磁铁的复合磁铁组件未加电磁屏蔽盖的电磁铁断电时，磁铁组件吸附于电磁铁铁芯的磁力线分布示意图（Z轴对称）。
图5为本发明基于永磁铁与电磁铁的复合磁铁组件在未加电磁屏蔽盖的电磁铁通电时，磁铁组件吸附于电磁铁铁芯的磁力线分布示意图（Z轴对称）。
 本发明的最佳实施方式
实施例1：
图1所示的实施例中，一种基于永磁铁与电磁铁的复合磁铁组件，包括永磁铁结构1和电磁铁结构2，所述的永磁铁结构包括永磁铁3和铁杯4，铁杯4上开设有嵌装永磁铁3的嵌入槽腔，永磁铁3嵌装连接固定设置于嵌入槽腔中，所述的电磁铁结构包括山字型电磁铁芯5、电磁屏蔽盖8、线圈骨架6和绕制在线圈骨架上的线圈7，永磁铁3的磁极方向采用与电磁铁结构通电后产生的磁场磁极方向相反设置；电磁屏蔽盖8安装连接设于山字型铁芯5顶端部，用于增加磁路导通效果，同时屏蔽***磁场对外界的干扰以及外界磁场对***的干扰，永磁铁结构装配位置正对设于山字型电磁铁芯的底部处，且永磁铁结构顶端表面与山字型电磁铁芯底部间具有装配间隙。永磁铁结构顶端表面与山字型电磁铁芯底部间具有距离为1.0mm的装配间隙。当然永磁铁结构顶端表面与山字型电磁铁芯底部间具有距离也可以采用为0.1mm～2.0mm的装配间隙。永磁铁采用稀土永磁铁材质结构，例如稀土永磁铁材质结构采用钕铁硼永磁铁材质结构或钐钴永磁铁材质结构；铁杯、铁芯及屏蔽盖采用常规导磁材质结构，常规导磁材质结构包括铁质材质结构和钛合金材质结构。永磁铁和铁杯间结合方式可采用胶水进一步加强粘结，胶水采用如环氧粘结胶、聚氨酯粘结胶、丙烯酸酯粘结胶等常规金属粘结胶。
永磁铁结构与山字型电磁铁芯的同轴度或同心度≤1.6mm。永磁铁结构与山字型电磁铁芯的同轴度或同心度≤0.2mm。上述同轴度或同心度也可以称之为中心偏离。永磁铁与电磁铁的装配间隙距离为0.8mm～1.0mm。装配间隙距离也即断电时永磁铁结构和电磁铁结构相互间的气隙距离。
使用Maxwell有限元仿真软件对其进行仿真，其断电状态的磁力线及磁感应强度如图2所示，通电状态的磁力线及磁感应强度如图3所示。
实施例
一种基于永磁铁与电磁铁的复合磁铁设计方法，包括如下步骤
   S1. 根据实施例1技术方案所述的基于永磁铁与电磁铁的复合磁铁组件在断电状态时确定设计负载重量及装配间隙，并基于有限元仿真软件Maxwell，建立永磁铁吸力仿真模型；
S2. 基于S1步骤中建立的永磁铁吸力仿真模型，确定永磁铁的厚度、永磁铁的直径以及永磁铁铁杯的壁厚和底厚，使其产生的吸力满足装配间隙下的设计负载重量；
S3. 基于有限元仿真软件Maxwell，建立电磁铁磁力仿真模型；并根据电磁铁磁力仿真模型，对满足电磁铁设计电压和电流条件下的电磁铁铁芯直径等尺寸、线圈匝数以及线径进行仿真；
S4. 根据常温参数，推算-40℃～95℃高低温极限情况下的永磁铁性能及电磁铁绕组电阻，并对此极限情况进行仿真，确保其功能正常及各项参数合理可靠。
电磁铁铁芯相关参数包括电磁铁铁芯内外径、铁芯外壁厚、铁芯底厚、线圈匝数和线圈线规线径。
上述S3步骤中，对电磁铁磁力仿真模型进行建模的建模方法如下：
计算模型中电磁铁绕组电流，其公式如下：
式中，L wire为绕组绕线长度，H coil为绕组高度，R 1为绕组外径，R 2为绕组内径，D wire为线径；I为电磁铁绕组电流。
计算模型中电磁铁绕组匝数，其公式如下：
式中，T为电磁铁绕组匝数，H coil为绕组高度，R 1为绕组外径，R 2为绕组内径，D wire为线径。
   计算电磁铁铁芯等尺寸，其公式如下：
  
   
式中，R T1为电磁铁外壳外径，C 1为线圈绕组与外壳间隙，为0.1～5.0mm；R T2为电磁铁铁芯直径，D为绕线骨架厚度，为0.5～5.0mm；H为电磁铁外壳高度，H coil为绕组高度，H b为电磁铁底厚，为0.5～5.0mm，C 2为绕组与底部间隙为0.1～2.0mm。
实施例
    一种基于永磁铁与电磁铁的复合磁铁设计方法，具体如下：
   S1：建立基于有限元仿真软件Maxwell的永磁铁/电磁铁磁力仿真模型。
   S2：使用实施例2中的模型对断电时永磁铁吸力进行参数化求解，获得气隙0.7mm处满足负载重量大于30N的永磁铁性能为剩磁12.7kGs；同时确定满足要求的较优永磁铁尺寸为直径18mm，厚度1.8mm；及铁杯尺寸为内径18.2mm，外径21.4mm，厚度3.9mm，底厚1.9mm。
   S3：对通电时电磁铁电磁力进行参数化求解，获得9-16V电压和10A限定电流下的电磁铁铁芯直径等尺寸、线圈匝数426匝以及线规23AWG。
   S4：根据常温参数，推算-40℃～95℃高低温极限情况下的永磁铁性能及电磁铁线圈电阻，并进行通断电的电磁力仿真。永磁铁在-40℃的剩磁为13.23kGs，在95℃的剩磁为11.7kGs。
实施例
    一种基于永磁铁与电磁铁的复合磁铁设计方法，具体如下：
S1：建立基于有限元仿真软件Maxwell的永磁铁/电磁铁磁力仿真模型。
   S2：使用实施例2中的模型对断电时永磁铁吸力进行参数化求解，获得满足负载重量的永磁铁性能为Br12.7kGs；永磁铁尺寸为直径18mm，厚度1.8mm；铁杯尺寸为内径18.2mm，外径21.4mm，厚度3.9mm，底厚1.9mm。
   S3：对通电时电磁铁电磁力进行参数化求解，获得9-16V电压和20A限定电流下的电磁铁铁芯直径等尺寸、线圈匝数608匝以及线规24AWG。
   S4：根据常温参数，推算-40℃～95℃高低温极限情况下的永磁铁性能及电磁铁线圈电阻，并进行通断电的电磁力仿真。
其常温（20℃）数据如下：
实施例4由于常温下在0.8～1.0mm位置无法实现弹脱，不进行极限温度计算。实施例3的极限温度（-40℃、95℃）数据如下：
实施例3的同轴度或同心度或中心偏离的断电数据如下：
由于在高温极限下（95℃），永磁铁和通电电磁铁产生的合力相较于低温情况和常温情况为最小，因此高温极限偏移情况下的可行性即代表低温情况和常温情况的可行性。实施例3的同轴度或同心度或中心偏离的高温极限通电数据如下：
实施例5：
与实施例1唯一不同的是取消山字型铁芯顶端部的电磁屏蔽盖。
使用Maxwell有限元仿真软件对其进行仿真，其断电状态的磁力线及磁感应强度如图4所示，通电状态的磁力线及磁感应强度如图5所示。
比较实施例1和实施例5的看磁力线与磁感应强度的计算结果，可以发现，如图4、图5所示，当不加电磁屏蔽盖时，无论是断电还是通电状态，磁场都无法在***内形成闭合回路，在山字型铁芯顶端部，部分磁能量向外界发散，造成磁能量损失，利用率下降，因此，作为补偿，需要提供更高性能的永磁铁或更高能量的电磁铁以满足断电或通电情况下的设计需求；而添加电磁屏蔽盖时，如图2、图3所示，可以使磁路闭合，减少能量浪费，同时一定程度上抵抗外界对***的磁干扰。
比较实施例3与实施例4，可以发现实施例4在气隙为0.8～1.0mm处的合力仍为吸力，不满足合力为斥力的弹脱要求；且仅在气隙1.3mm，电压为16V时才能表现为合力为斥力，同时合力为-0.11N，接近弹脱极限。而实施例2在满足0.8～1.0mm位置断电吸力大于30N的条件下，9-16V电压在0.8～1.0mm处的合力都为斥力。
比较实施例3的各温度数据，可以发现，该设计在-40℃及95℃的极限温度下，仍然能在气隙0.8-1.0mm时满足功能，同时其使用电流满足小于10A的安全需求。
比较实施例3的各项同轴度或同心度或中心偏离的数据，断电情况下随着同轴度或同心度或中心偏离的变化，永磁铁组件吸力方差不大于0.5%，因此断电情况下同轴度或同心度或中心偏离的影响很小；在9V、95℃双极限的通电情况下，当同轴度或同心度或中心偏离大于1.6mm时，气隙为0.8mm处的合力仍为吸力（大于0），而在同轴度或同心度或中心偏离为0.2mm时，其斥力与0mm处基本无异。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种基于永磁铁与电磁铁的复合磁铁组件，包括永磁铁结构和电磁铁结构，其特征在于：所述的永磁铁结构包括永磁铁和铁杯，所述的电磁铁结构包括山字型电磁铁芯、电磁屏蔽盖、线圈骨架和绕制在线圈骨架上的线圈以及灌封环氧胶，永磁铁的磁极方向采用与电磁铁通电后产生的磁场磁极方向相反设置；电磁屏蔽盖设于山字型铁芯顶端部，用于增加磁路导通效果，同时屏蔽***磁场对外界的干扰以及外界磁场对***的干扰，永磁铁结构装配位置正对设于山字型电磁铁芯的底部处，且永磁铁结构顶端表面与山字型电磁铁芯底部间具有装配间隙距离。
  2. 按照权利要求1所述的基于永磁铁与电磁铁的复合磁铁组件，其特征在于：所述的永磁铁结构顶端表面与山字型电磁铁芯底部间具有距离为0.1mm～2.0mm的装配间隙。
  3. 按照权利要求1所述的基于永磁铁与电磁铁的复合磁铁组件，其特征在于：所述的永磁铁采用稀土永磁铁材质结构，稀土永磁铁材质结构采用钕铁硼永磁铁材质结构或钐钴永磁铁材质结构；铁杯、铁芯、屏蔽盖采用常规导磁材质结构，常规导磁材质结构包括铁质材质结构和钛合金材质结构，永磁铁与铁杯之间的结合方式为胶水粘结。
  4. 按照权利要求1所述的基于永磁铁与电磁铁的复合磁铁组件，其特征在于：所述的永磁铁结构与山字型电磁铁芯的同轴度或同心度≤1.6mm。
  5. 按照权利要求1所述的基于永磁铁与电磁铁的复合磁铁组件，其特征在于：所述的永磁铁结构与山字型电磁铁芯的同轴度或同心度≤0.2mm。
  6. 按照权利要求1所述的基于永磁铁与电磁铁的复合磁铁组件，其特征在于：所述的永磁铁与电磁铁的装配间隙距离为0.8mm～1.0mm。
  7. 一种基于永磁铁与电磁铁的复合磁铁组件设计方法，其特征在于：包括如下步骤
    S1. 根据权利要求1～6之一所述的基于永磁铁与电磁铁的复合磁铁组件在断电状态时确定设计负载重量及装配间隙，并基于有限元仿真软件Maxwell，建立永磁铁吸力仿真模型；
    S2. 基于S1步骤中建立的永磁铁吸力仿真模型，确定永磁铁的厚度、永磁铁的直径以及永磁铁铁杯的壁厚和底厚，使其产生的吸力满足装配间隙下的设计负载重量；
    S3. 基于有限元仿真软件Maxwell，建立电磁铁磁力仿真模型；并根据电磁铁磁力仿真模型，对满足电磁铁组件设计电压和电流条件下的电磁铁铁芯相关参数进行仿真；
    S4. 根据常温参数，推算-40℃～95℃高低温极限情况下的永磁铁性能及电磁铁绕组电阻，并对此极限情况进行仿真，确保其功能正常及各项参数合理可靠。
  8. 按照权利要求7所述的基于永磁铁与电磁铁的复合磁铁组件设计方法，其特征在于：所述的电磁铁铁芯相关参数包括电磁铁铁芯内外径、铁芯外壁厚、铁芯底厚、线圈匝数和线圈线规线径。
  9. 按照权利要求7所述的基于永磁铁与电磁铁的复合磁铁组件设计方法，其特征在于：上述S3步骤中，对电磁铁磁力仿真模型进行建模的建模方法如下：
    计算模型中电磁铁绕组电流，其公式如下：
      
     
    式中，L wire为绕组绕线长度，H coil为绕组高度，R 1为绕组外径，R 2为绕组内径，D wire为线径；I为电磁铁绕组电流；
    计算模型中电磁铁绕组匝数，其公式如下：
     
    式中，T为电磁铁绕组匝数，H coil为绕组高度，R 1为绕组外径，R 2为绕组内径，D wire为线径；
    计算电磁铁铁芯等尺寸，其公式如下：    
     
    式中，R T1为电磁铁外壳外径，C 1为线圈绕组与外壳间隙；R T2为电磁铁铁芯直径，D为绕线骨架厚度；H为电磁铁外壳高度，H coil为绕组高度，H b为电磁铁底厚，C 2为绕组与底部间隙。
  10. 按照权利要求7所述的基于永磁铁与电磁铁的复合磁铁组件设计方法，其特征在于：所述的线圈绕组与外壳间隙为0.1～5.0mm； 绕线骨架厚度为0.5～5.0mm； 电磁铁底厚为0.5～5.0mm，绕组与底部间隙为0.1～2.0mm。
PCT/CN2023/096187 2022-11-01 2023-05-25 基于永磁铁与电磁铁的复合磁铁组件及其组件设计方法 WO2024093210A1 (zh)

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