WO2024092219A1 - Self-hydrolyzing maleimides for bioconjugation - Google Patents
Self-hydrolyzing maleimides for bioconjugation Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024092219A1 WO2024092219A1 PCT/US2023/078062 US2023078062W WO2024092219A1 WO 2024092219 A1 WO2024092219 A1 WO 2024092219A1 US 2023078062 W US2023078062 W US 2023078062W WO 2024092219 A1 WO2024092219 A1 WO 2024092219A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- compound
- salt
- methyl
- ethoxy
- another embodiment
- Prior art date
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- 150000003923 2,5-pyrrolediones Chemical class 0.000 title description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 101
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 33
- 235000018417 cysteine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 25
- XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cysteine Natural products SCC(N)C(O)=O XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- DPOPAJRDYZGTIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrazine Chemical compound C1=CN=NN=N1 DPOPAJRDYZGTIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 claims description 11
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000000151 cysteine group Chemical group N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)* 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000005439 maleimidyl group Chemical group C1(C=CC(N1*)=O)=O 0.000 abstract description 11
- 229940049595 antibody-drug conjugate Drugs 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000611 antibody drug conjugate Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000004962 physiological condition Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 70
- -1 cysteine amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 64
- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 61
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 42
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 37
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 37
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 37
- PEEHTFAAVSWFBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Maleimide Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)C=C1 PEEHTFAAVSWFBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 33
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 32
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 30
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 26
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 26
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 24
- JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) Chemical compound CCN(C(C)C)C(C)C JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 21
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 20
- LVTJOONKWUXEFR-FZRMHRINSA-N protoneodioscin Natural products O(C[C@@H](CC[C@]1(O)[C@H](C)[C@@H]2[C@]3(C)[C@H]([C@H]4[C@@H]([C@]5(C)C(=CC4)C[C@@H](O[C@@H]4[C@H](O[C@H]6[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O6)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]6[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O6)[C@H](CO)O4)CC5)CC3)C[C@@H]2O1)C)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 LVTJOONKWUXEFR-FZRMHRINSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 17
- 229940126062 Compound A Drugs 0.000 description 16
- NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heterophylliin A Natural products O1C2COC(=O)C3=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C3C3=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C3C(=O)OC2C(OC(=O)C=2C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=2)C(O)C1OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 16
- 125000000951 phenoxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(O*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 16
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 14
- JNGZXGGOCLZBFB-IVCQMTBJSA-N compound E Chemical compound N([C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H]1C(N(C)C2=CC=CC=C2C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=N1)=O)C(=O)CC1=CC(F)=CC(F)=C1 JNGZXGGOCLZBFB-IVCQMTBJSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000021615 conjugation Effects 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000562 conjugate Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 10
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 10
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 9
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 125000000022 2-aminoethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])N([H])[H] 0.000 description 8
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 8
- 125000001325 propanoyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 8
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- JOEAATMYJGXMGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-[2-[4-(6-methyl-1,2,4,5-tetrazin-3-yl)phenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethanamine Chemical compound N1=NC(C)=NN=C1C1=CC=C(OCCOCCOCCOCCN)C=C1 JOEAATMYJGXMGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- WJQDJDVDXAAXSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-sulfanylidenepyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCC(=S)N1 WJQDJDVDXAAXSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Trifluoroacetate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetamide Chemical compound CC(N)=O DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 6
- VFRSADQPWYCXDG-LEUCUCNGSA-N ethyl (2s,5s)-5-methylpyrrolidine-2-carboxylate;2,2,2-trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F.CCOC(=O)[C@@H]1CC[C@H](C)N1 VFRSADQPWYCXDG-LEUCUCNGSA-N 0.000 description 6
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 6
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 159000000021 acetate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 235000019439 ethyl acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylamine Chemical compound CCN QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007821 HATU Substances 0.000 description 4
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000004279 alanine Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 125000003295 alanine group Chemical group N[C@@H](C)C(=O)* 0.000 description 4
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 4
- ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N glutamine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCC(N)=O ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000000404 glutamine group Chemical group N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)* 0.000 description 4
- 229960000310 isoleucine Drugs 0.000 description 4
- AGPKZVBTJJNPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoleucine Natural products CCC(C)C(N)C(O)=O AGPKZVBTJJNPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000000741 isoleucyl group Chemical group [H]N([H])C(C(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H])C(=O)O* 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000008363 phosphate buffer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinimide Chemical compound O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- TZNOWMYISKGWCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-(6-methyl-1,2,4,5-tetrazin-3-yl)phenyl]acetic acid Chemical compound N1=NC(C)=NN=C1C1=CC=C(CC(O)=O)C=C1 TZNOWMYISKGWCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 3
- 150000001345 alkine derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001540 azides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- PFYXSUNOLOJMDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) carbonate Chemical compound O=C1CCC(=O)N1OC(=O)ON1C(=O)CCC1=O PFYXSUNOLOJMDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006352 cycloaddition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000000031 ethylamino group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])N([H])[*] 0.000 description 3
- 238000003818 flash chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- LLAZQXZGAVBLRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2,5-dioxopyrrole-1-carboxylate Chemical compound COC(=O)N1C(=O)C=CC1=O LLAZQXZGAVBLRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004007 reversed phase HPLC Methods 0.000 description 3
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OYDCMRRMADYBRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl n-[2-(3-oxopiperazin-1-yl)ethyl]carbamate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)NCCN1CCNC(=O)C1 OYDCMRRMADYBRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- URYYVOIYTNXXBN-OWOJBTEDSA-N trans-cyclooctene Chemical compound C1CCC\C=C\CC1 URYYVOIYTNXXBN-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940086542 triethylamine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- BIHJLZOOHNOUCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) 2-[4-(6-methyl-1,2,4,5-tetrazin-3-yl)phenyl]acetate Chemical compound N1=NC(C)=NN=C1C(C=C1)=CC=C1CC(=O)ON1C(=O)CCC1=O BIHJLZOOHNOUCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MFRNYXJJRJQHNW-DEMKXPNLSA-N (2s)-2-[[(2r,3r)-3-methoxy-3-[(2s)-1-[(3r,4s,5s)-3-methoxy-5-methyl-4-[methyl-[(2s)-3-methyl-2-[[(2s)-3-methyl-2-(methylamino)butanoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]heptanoyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]-2-methylpropanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoic acid Chemical compound CN[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N(C)[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)[C@H](OC)CC(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1[C@H](OC)[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 MFRNYXJJRJQHNW-DEMKXPNLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QKNYBSVHEMOAJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol;hydron;chloride Chemical compound Cl.OCC(N)(CO)CO QKNYBSVHEMOAJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AZRRZGIBBLWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethyl-7-phenyl-3,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2,6-dione Chemical compound N1C(=O)C2C(=O)NC1(CC)CC2C1=CC=CC=C1 AZRRZGIBBLWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZUHQCDZJPTXVCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1#CCCC2=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C21 Chemical compound C1#CCCC2=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C21 ZUHQCDZJPTXVCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutamic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000283973 Oryctolagus cuniculus Species 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Proline Natural products OC(=O)C1CCCN1 ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- IEDXPSOJFSVCKU-HOKPPMCLSA-N [4-[[(2S)-5-(carbamoylamino)-2-[[(2S)-2-[6-(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl)hexanoylamino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]pentanoyl]amino]phenyl]methyl N-[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(3R,4S,5S)-1-[(2S)-2-[(1R,2R)-3-[[(1S,2R)-1-hydroxy-1-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-1-methoxy-2-methyl-3-oxopropyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-3-methoxy-5-methyl-1-oxoheptan-4-yl]-methylamino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]-N-methylcarbamate Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H]([C@@H](CC(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1[C@H](OC)[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)c1ccccc1)OC)N(C)C(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N(C)C(=O)OCc1ccc(NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)CCCCCN2C(=O)CCC2=O)C(C)C)cc1)C(C)C IEDXPSOJFSVCKU-HOKPPMCLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940024606 amino acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011033 desalting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 description 2
- AFOSIXZFDONLBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N divinyl sulfone Chemical compound C=CS(=O)(=O)C=C AFOSIXZFDONLBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000013922 glutamic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004220 glutamic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000291 glutamic acid group Chemical group N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)* 0.000 description 2
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- FSQQTNAZHBEJLS-UPHRSURJSA-N maleamic acid Chemical compound NC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O FSQQTNAZHBEJLS-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004949 mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 108010093470 monomethyl auristatin E Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108010059074 monomethylauristatin F Proteins 0.000 description 2
- IWELDVXSEVIIGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N piperazin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CNCCN1 IWELDVXSEVIIGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001500 prolyl group Chemical group [H]N1C([H])(C(=O)[*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- QLNJFJADRCOGBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionamide Chemical compound CCC(N)=O QLNJFJADRCOGBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridazine Chemical compound C1=CC=NN=C1 PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- BBMHARZCALWXSL-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dihydrogenphosphate monohydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].OP(O)([O-])=O BBMHARZCALWXSL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000012312 sodium hydride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000104 sodium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012321 sodium triacetoxyborohydride Substances 0.000 description 2
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- BNWCETAHAJSBFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-bromoacetate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)CBr BNWCETAHAJSBFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DQLCYLFCLQPLSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 4-(3-aminopropyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)N1CCN(CCCN)CC1 DQLCYLFCLQPLSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ACNRTYKOPZDRCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl n-(2-oxoethyl)carbamate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)NCC=O ACNRTYKOPZDRCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XSNJQEURXYUGML-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl n-[2-[2-aminoethyl(methyl)amino]ethyl]carbamate Chemical compound NCCN(C)CCNC(=O)OC(C)(C)C XSNJQEURXYUGML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- XFKSLINPMJIYFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-sulfanylpyrrole-2,5-dione Chemical compound SN1C(=O)C=CC1=O XFKSLINPMJIYFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ACERFIHBIWMFOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxy-3-[(1-hydroxy-2-methylpropan-2-yl)azaniumyl]propane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)NCC(O)CS(O)(=O)=O ACERFIHBIWMFOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AQYNZOSCOWGGTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-pyridin-2-ylsulfanylpyridine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=NC=1SC1=CC=CC=N1 AQYNZOSCOWGGTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XWFUOIKKJWHUTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyltetrazine Chemical group CC1=CN=NN=N1 XWFUOIKKJWHUTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 101710112752 Cytotoxin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000012623 DNA damaging agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005698 Diels-Alder reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen disulfide Chemical compound SS BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006736 Huisgen cycloaddition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 description 1
- NQTADLQHYWFPDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Hydroxysuccinimide Chemical compound ON1C(=O)CCC1=O NQTADLQHYWFPDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LKJPYSCBVHEWIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide Chemical compound C=1C=C(C#N)C(C(F)(F)F)=CC=1NC(=O)C(O)(C)CS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LKJPYSCBVHEWIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZDZOTLJHXYCWBA-VCVYQWHSSA-N N-debenzoyl-N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-10-deacetyltaxol Chemical compound O([C@H]1[C@H]2[C@@](C([C@H](O)C3=C(C)[C@@H](OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](NC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)C=4C=CC=CC=4)C[C@]1(O)C3(C)C)=O)(C)[C@@H](O)C[C@H]1OC[C@]12OC(=O)C)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZDZOTLJHXYCWBA-VCVYQWHSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108091034117 Oligonucleotide Proteins 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PZBFGYYEXUXCOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N TCEP Chemical compound OC(=O)CCP(CCC(O)=O)CCC(O)=O PZBFGYYEXUXCOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LJFFDOBFKICLHN-IXWHRVGISA-N [(1S,2R,3S,5S,6S,16E,18E,20R,21S)-11-chloro-21-hydroxy-12,20-dimethoxy-2,5,9,16-tetramethyl-8,23-dioxo-4,24-dioxa-9,22-diazatetracyclo[19.3.1.110,14.03,5]hexacosa-10,12,14(26),16,18-pentaen-6-yl] (2S)-2-[methyl(4-sulfanylpentanoyl)amino]propanoate Chemical compound CO[C@@H]([C@@]1(O)C[C@H](OC(=O)N1)[C@@H](C)[C@@H]1O[C@@]1(C)[C@@H](OC(=O)[C@H](C)N(C)C(=O)CCC(C)S)CC(=O)N1C)\C=C\C=C(C)\CC2=CC(OC)=C(Cl)C1=C2 LJFFDOBFKICLHN-IXWHRVGISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940125644 antibody drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001502 aryl halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004832 aryl thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004899 c-terminal region Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- VSJKWCGYPAHWDS-FQEVSTJZSA-N camptothecin Chemical class C1=CC=C2C=C(CN3C4=CC5=C(C3=O)COC(=O)[C@]5(O)CC)C4=NC2=C1 VSJKWCGYPAHWDS-FQEVSTJZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000005829 chemical entities Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001945 cysteines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000599 cytotoxic agent Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000002619 cytotoxin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010511 deprotection reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003292 diminished effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960003668 docetaxel Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JOXWSDNHLSQKCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenesulfonamide Chemical class NS(=O)(=O)C=C JOXWSDNHLSQKCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZVYVPGLRVWUPMP-FYSMJZIKSA-N exatecan Chemical compound C1C[C@H](N)C2=C(CN3C4=CC5=C(C3=O)COC(=O)[C@]5(O)CC)C4=NC3=CC(F)=C(C)C1=C32 ZVYVPGLRVWUPMP-FYSMJZIKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950009429 exatecan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012458 free base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001475 halogen functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000005457 ice water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002466 imines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002540 isothiocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004895 liquid chromatography mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001404 mediated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ANZJBCHSOXCCRQ-FKUXLPTCSA-N mertansine Chemical compound CO[C@@H]([C@@]1(O)C[C@H](OC(=O)N1)[C@@H](C)[C@@H]1O[C@@]1(C)[C@@H](OC(=O)[C@H](C)N(C)C(=O)CCS)CC(=O)N1C)\C=C\C=C(C)\CC2=CC(OC)=C(Cl)C1=C2 ANZJBCHSOXCCRQ-FKUXLPTCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005558 mertansine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SQDFHQJTAWCFIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methylidenehydroxylamine Chemical compound ON=C SQDFHQJTAWCFIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001184 polypeptide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000006239 protecting group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006268 reductive amination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007142 ring opening reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J sodium diphosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OTNVGWMVOULBFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;hydrochloride Chemical compound [Na].Cl OTNVGWMVOULBFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940124530 sulfonamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003456 sulfonamides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- OBTWBSRJZRCYQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuryl difluoride Chemical class FS(F)(=O)=O OBTWBSRJZRCYQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004579 taxol derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QSYTWBKZNNEKPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 4-(2-aminoethyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)N1CCN(CCN)CC1 QSYTWBKZNNEKPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007970 thio esters Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000007944 thiolates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003585 thioureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZGYICYBLPGRURT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tri(propan-2-yl)silicon Chemical compound CC(C)[Si](C(C)C)C(C)C ZGYICYBLPGRURT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930184737 tubulysin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
- A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
- A61K47/68—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment
- A61K47/6889—Conjugates wherein the antibody being the modifying agent and wherein the linker, binder or spacer confers particular properties to the conjugates, e.g. peptidic enzyme-labile linkers or acid-labile linkers, providing for an acid-labile immuno conjugate wherein the drug may be released from its antibody conjugated part in an acidic, e.g. tumoural or environment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
- C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
- C07D403/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to novel compounds comprising self-hydrolyzing maleimides for the reaction with molecules including a thiol functional group in a thiol conjugation reaction.
- the present disclosure also relates to novel compounds comprising self-hydrolyzing maleimides for bioconjugation to antibodies or portions of antibodies.
- Biological molecules such as antibodies, frequently include one or more thiol functional groups in cysteine amino acids.
- Thiol functional groups from cysteine amino acids are frequently used to attach drugs to antibodies, thereby forming an antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs).
- the drug portion of the ADC may include a maleimide functional group, which reacts in a bioconjugation reaction with the thiol functional group from the biological molecule to form a thiosuccinimide link between the antibody and the drug portion.
- This thiosuccinimide bioconjugation reaction occurs rapidly under physiological conditions, attains nearly quantitative conjugation without a large excess of either species, and can be applied to a vast array of molecules of biological interest. See Nature Biotechnology, 2014, 32, 1059-1062.
- An amine adjacent to the maleimide group may induce hydrolysis of the thiosuccinimide link after the antibody-maleimide conjugate forms.
- This maleimide group induced hydrolysis is an example of self-hydrolysis.
- the hydrolysis kinetics generally correlate with the distance between the amine and the maleimide, where the closer the amine is to the maleimide, the faster the rate of self-hydrolysis. See Nature Biotechnology, 2014, 32, 1059-1062.
- novel compounds comprising a maleimide functional group that (1) undergoes a bioconjugation reaction with thiol functional groups, such as those found on biological molecules, and (2) undergoes a rapid self-hydrolysis of the formed thiosuccinimide
- R 1 is R 2 is selected from the group consisting of PEG n , a bond, and a peptide, or a combination thereof; n is 1 to 50; and
- R 3 is a -phenyl-tetrazine group, or a ligation group, wherein the tetrazine is optionally substituted with methyl.
- R 1 is a conjugate of the formula: or a salt thereof, wherein R 1 is
- R 2 is selected from the group consisting of PEG n , a bond, and a peptide, or a combination thereof; n is 1 to 50;
- R 3 is a -phenyl-tetrazine group, or a ligation group, wherein the tetrazine is optionally substituted with methyl;
- mAb is a monoclonal antibody;
- S is a sulfur atom from a cysteine residue on the monoclonal antibody.
- R 3 is a -phenyl-tetrazine group, or a ligation group, wherein the tetrazine is optionally substituted with methyl;
- mAb is a monoclonal antibody;
- S is a sulfur atom from a cysteine residue on the monoclonal antibody.
- R 2 is selected from the group consisting of PEG n , a bond, and a peptide, or a combination thereof; n is 1 to 50;
- R 3 is a -phenyl-tetrazine group, or a ligation group, wherein the tetrazine is optionally substituted with methyl.
- a compound 1 -[3-[4-[3-[2-[2-[2-[4-(6-methyl- 1,2,4, 5-tetrazin-3- yl)phenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]propanoyl]piperazin-l-yl]propyl]pyrrole-2,5- dione (“Compound A”) or a salt thereof, obtained by combining 1 -(3 -piperazin- 1- ylpropyl)pyrrole-2, 5-dione, with 3-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-(6-methyl- 1,2,4, 5-tetrazin-3- yl)phenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]propanoic acid (“methyltetrazine-PEG4-acid”),
- Compound B which has the formula: or a salt thereof, obtained by combining (2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-l-yl) 2-[4-(6- methyl- 1 ,2,4,5-tetrazin-3 -yl)phenyl]acetate, 1 -(3 -piperazin- 1 -ylpropyl)pyrrole-2, 5-dione, and a base, in the presence of a solvent and to give Compound B.
- Compound C which has the following formula: or a salt thereof, obtained by combining l-[2-[2-aminoethyl(methyl)amino]ethyl]pyrrole-
- 2,5-dione trifluoroacetate salt 2,5-dione trifluoroacetate salt, methyltetrazine-PEG4-acid, and an amide coupling reagent, and a base in a solvent.
- Compound C or a salt thereof is obtained by combining (Z)-4-[2-[methyl-[2-[3-[2-[2-[2-[4-(6-methyl- 1,2,4, 5-tetrazin-3- yl)phenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]propanoylamino]ethyl]amino]ethylamino]-4- oxo-but-2-enoic acid,
- Compound D 1 -[2-[4 or a salt thereof, obtained by combining l-(2-piperazin-l-ylethyl)pyrrole-2,5- dione trifluoroacetate, an amide coupling reagent, and a base, to a solvent.
- Compound E which has the following formula: or a salt thereof, obtained by combining 2-[4-[2-(2,5-dioxopyrrol-l-yl)ethyl]-2-oxo- piperazin-l-yl]acetic acid, and 2-[2-[2-[4-(6-methyl- 1,2,4, 5-tetrazin-3- yl)phenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethanamine (“methyltetrazine-PEG4-amine”), an amide coupling reagent, an amide coupling solvent,
- R 2 is selected from the group consisting of PEG n , a bond, and a peptide, or a combination thereof; n is 1 to 50; R 3 is a -phenyl-tetrazine group, or a ligation group, wherein the tetrazine is optionally substituted with methyl; mAb is a monoclonal antibody; and S is a sulfur atom from a cysteine residue on the monoclonal antibody.
- R 2 is selected from the group consisting of PEG n , a bond, and a peptide, or a combination thereof; n is 1 to 50;
- R 3 is a -phenyl-tetrazine group, or a ligation group, wherein the tetrazine is optionally substituted with methyl;
- mAb is a monoclonal antibody;
- S is a sulfur atom from a cysteine residue on the monoclonal antibody.
- salt refers to a salt of a compound.
- pharmaceutically acceptable salt refers to a salt of a compound considered to be acceptable for clinical and/or veterinary use. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salts and common methodology for preparing them can be found in “Handbook of Pharmaceutical Salts: Properties, Selection and Use” P. Stahl, et al., 2nd Revised Edition, Wiley-VCH, 2011 and S.M. Berge, et al., "Pharmaceutical Salts” , Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1977, 66(1), 1-19.
- a compound of Formula I may be readily converted to and may be isolated as a salt, including a pharmaceutically acceptable salt. Salt formation can occur upon the addition of a pharmaceutically acceptable acid to form the acid addition salt. Salts can also form simultaneously upon deprotection of a nitrogen or oxygen, i.e., removing the protecting group.
- salt formation examples, reactions and conditions for salt formation can be found in Gould, P.L., “Salt selection for basic drugs,” International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 33: 201-217 (1986); Bastin, R.J., el al “Salt Selection and Optimization Procedures for Pharmaceutical New Chemical Entities,” Organic Process Research and Development, 4: 427-435 (2000); and Berge, S.M., et al., “Pharmaceutical Salts,” Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 66: 1-19, (1977).
- acceptable counterions could include trifluoroacetate, or chloride.
- combinations of amide coupling reagents are used. In some embodiments, combinations of amide coupling solvents are used.
- R 1 is
- R 2 is PEG n , wherein n is 1 to 10. In another embodiment, R 2 is PEGn, wherein n is 2 to 6. In another embodiment, R 3 is a -phenyl-tetrazine group, wherein the tetrazine is optionally substituted with methyl. In another embodiment, the compound is
- Compound A 1 -[3-[4-[3-[2-[2-[2-[4-(6-methyl- 1,2,4, 5-tetrazin-3- yl)phenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]propanoyl]piperazin-l-yl]propyl]pyrrole-2,5- dione (“Compound A”) or a salt thereof.
- the compound is Compound A.
- Compound A, or a salt thereof is obtained by mixing 1-
- Compound A is obtained by the step of mixing 1 -(3 -piperazin- l-ylpropyl)pyrrole-2, 5-dione, with methyltetrazine-PEG4-acid, in the presence of an amide coupling reagent and a solvent.
- Compound A or a salt thereof, is obtained by the step of mixing 1 -(3 -piperazin- l-ylpropyl)pyrrole-2, 5-dione, with methyltetrazine-PEG4-acid, in the presence of an amide coupling reagent and a solvent.
- Compound A is obtained by the step of mixing 1 -(3 -piperazin- 1- ylpropyl)pyrrole-2, 5-dione, with methyltetrazine-PEG4-acid, in the presence of an amide coupling reagent, and a base, in a solvent.
- Compound A is obtainable as a free base.
- methods of making Compound A, or salts thereof are disclosed.
- the methods of making Compound A comprise mixing 1 -(3 -piperazin- 1- ylpropyl)pyrrole-2, 5-dione, with methyltetrazine-PEG4-acid, in the presence of an amide coupling reagent and a solvent.
- methods of making Compound A comprising the step of combining a maleic agent and tert-butyl 4-(3- aminopropyl)piperazine- 1 -carboxylate, in acetic acid to give (Z)-4-[3-(4-tert-butoxycarbonylpiperazin-l-yl)propylamino]- 4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid,
- Compound A also comprise the step of combining (Z)-4-[3-(4-tert- butoxycarbonylpiperazin-l-yl)propylamino]-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid,
- Method 1 methods of making Compound A also disclose wherein the drying agent comprises 4A molecular sieves.
- methods of making Compound A also comprise the step of combining tertbutyl 4-[3-(2,5-dioxopyrrol-l-yl)propyl]piperazine-l-carboxylate,
- methods of making Compound A also disclose wherein the deBoc reagent comprises trifluoroacetic acid in DCM, HC1 in dioxane, HC1 in methanol, or HC1 in diethyl ether.
- methods of making Compound A also disclose wherein the deBoc reagent comprises trifluoroacetic acid in DCM to give 1 -(3 -piperazin- l-ylpropyl)pyrrole-2, 5-dione trifluoroacetate salt,
- R 2 is a bond and R 3 is a -phenyl-tetrazine group, wherein the tetrazine is optionally substituted with methyl.
- the compound is l-[3-[4-[2-[4-(6-methyl-l,2,4,5-tetrazin-3-yl)phenyl]acetyl]piperazin-l- yl]propyl]pyrrole-2, 5-dione (“Compound B”) or a salt thereof.
- the compound is Compound B.
- Compound B is obtained by combining (2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-l-yl) 2-[4-(6-methyl-l,2,4,5-tetrazin-3-yl)phenyl]acetate, and 1 -(3 -piperazin- 1 -ylpropyl)pyrrole-2,5 -di one, in the presence of a solvent and in the presence of a base to give Compound B.
- Compound B or a salt thereof is obtained by combining
- a method of making Compound B or a salt thereof comprises combining (2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-l-yl) 2-[4-(6-methyl-l,2,4,5-tetrazin-3- yl)phenyl] acetate, and 1 -(3 -piperazin- l-ylpropyl)pyrrole-2, 5-dione, in the presence of a solvent and a base.
- the method comprises combining N,N'-disuccinimidyl carbonate and a mixture of methyltetrazineacid, and a base in the presence of a solvent to give (2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-l-yl) 2-[4-(6- methyl- 1 ,2,4,5-tetrazin-3 -yl)phenyl]acetate, or a salt thereof.
- R 2 is PEG n , wherein n is 1 to 10.
- R 2 is PEG n , wherein n is 2 to 6.
- R 3 is a - phenyl -tetrazine group, wherein the tetrazine is optionally substituted with methyl.
- the compound is
- Compound C N-[2-[2-(2,5-dioxopyrrol-l-yl)ethyl-methyl-amino]ethyl]-3-[2-[2-[2-[4-(6- methyl- 1 ,2,4,5-tetrazin-3 -yl)phenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]propanamide (“Compound C”) or a salt thereof.
- the compound is Compound C.
- Compound C is obtained by combining tert-butyl N-[2-[2-(2,5-dioxopyrrol-l-yl)ethyl-methyl-amino]ethyl]carbamate, and a deBoc reagent to give l-[2-[2-aminoethyl(methyl)amino]ethyl]pyrrole-2,5- dione,
- Compound C is obtainable wherein the deBoc reagent comprises trifluoroacetic acid in DCM, HC1 in dioxane, HC1 in methanol, or HC1 in diethyl ether.
- Compound C, or a salt thereof is obtainable wherein the deBoc reagent comprises trifluoroacetic acid in DCM to give l-[2- [2-aminoethyl(methyl)amino]ethyl]pyrrole-2, 5-dione trifluoroacetate salt,
- Compound C, or a salt thereof is obtained by combining (Z)-4-[2-[methyl-[2-[3-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-(6-methyl- 1,2,4, 5-tetrazin-3- yl)phenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]propanoylamino]ethyl]amino]ethylamino]-4- oxo-but-2-enoic acid,
- Compound C or a salt thereof, wherein acetate salt comprises sodium acetate.
- a method of making Compound C, or a salt thereof comprises combining l-[2-[2-aminoethyl(methyl)amino]ethyl]pyrrole-2, 5-dione trifluoroacetate salt, and an amide coupling reagent, and a base in a solvent to give N-[2-[2-(2,5- di oxopyrrol- l-yl)ethyl-m ethyl-amino]ethyl]-3-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-(6-methyl- 1,2,4, 5-tetrazin-
- a method of making Compound C, or a salt thereof, wherein the deBoc reagent comprises trifluoroacetic acid in DCM, HC1 in dioxane, HC1 in methanol, or HC1 in diethyl ether.
- a method of making Compound C, or a salt thereof, wherein the deBoc reagent comprises trifluoroacetic acid in DCM to give l-[2-[2-aminoethyl(methyl)amino]ethyl]pyrrole-2, 5-dione trifluoroacetate salt,
- a method of making Compound C, or a salt thereof combining (Z)-4-[2-[methyl-[2-[3-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-(6-methyl-l,2,4,5-tetrazin-3- yl)phenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]propanoylamino]ethyl]amino]ethylamino]-4- oxo-but-2-enoic acid, , acetate salt, and acetic anhydride.
- a method of making Compound C, or a salt thereof further comprises the step of: combining tert-butyl N-[2-[2-aminoethyl(methyl)amino]ethyl]carbamate, in acetic acid and a maleic agent to give the (Z)-4-[2-[2-(tert- butoxycarbonylamino)ethyl-methyl-amino]ethylamino]-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid,
- R 1 is
- R 2 is PEG n , wherein n is 1 to 10. In another embodiment, R 2 is PEGn, wherein n is 2 to 6. In another embodiment, R 3 is a -phenyl-tetrazine group, wherein the tetrazine is optionally substituted with methyl. In another embodiment, the compound is l-[2-[4-[3-[2-[2-[2-[4-(6-methyl- 1,2,4, 5-tetrazin-3- yl)phenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]propanoyl]piperazin-l-yl]ethyl]pyrrole-2,5- dione (“Compound D”) or a salt thereof.
- the compound is Compound D.
- Compound D, or a salt thereof is obtained by combining l-(2-piperazin-l-ylethyl)pyrrole-2, 5-dione trifluoroacetate, an amide coupling reagent, and a base, to a solvent to give l-[2-[4-[3-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-]
- Compound D is obtained by combining l-(2-piperazin-l-ylethyl)pyrrole-2, 5-dione trifluoroacetate, methyltetrazine-PEG4-acid, an amide coupling reagent, and N,N-Diisopropylethylamine, to a solvent to give l-[2-[4-[3-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-(6-methyl-l,2,4,5-tetrazin-3- yl)phenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]propanoyl]piperazin-l-yl]ethyl]pyrrole-2,5- dione,
- Compound D, or a salt thereof is obtained by combining tert-Butyl 4-[2-(2,5-dioxopyrrol-l-yl)ethyl]piperazine-l-carboxylate, and a deBoc reagent in a solvent.
- Compound D, or a salt thereof, wherein the deBoc reagent comprises trifluoroacetic acid in DCM, HC1 in dioxane, HC1 in methanol, or HC1 in diethyl ether.
- methods of making Compound D, or salts thereof are disclosed.
- a method of making Compound D, or a salt thereof comprises: combining 1 -(2 -piperazin- l-ylethyl)pyrrole-2, 5-dione trifluoroacetate, an amide coupling reagent, and a base, to a solvent to give l-[2-[4-[3-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2- [4-(6-methyl-l,2,4,5-tetrazin-3- yl)phenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]propanoyl]piperazin-l-yl]ethyl]pyrrole-2,5- dione,
- a method of making Compound D, or salts thereof comprises: combining 1 -(2 -piperazin- l-ylethyl)pyrrole-2, 5-dione trifluoroacetate, methyltetrazine-PEG4-acid, an amide coupling reagent, and N,N-Diisopropylethylamine, to a solvent to give l-[2-[4-[3-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-(6-methyl-l,2,4,5-tetrazin-3- yl)phenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]propanoyl]piperazin-l-yl]ethyl]pyrrole-2,5- dione,
- a method of making Compound D, or a salt thereof comprises: combining tert-Butyl 4-[2-(2,5-dioxopyrrol-l-yl)ethyl]piperazine-l-carboxylate, and a deBoc reagent in a solvent.
- a method of making Compound D, or a salt thereof, wherein the deBoc reagent comprises trifluoroacetic acid in DCM to give l-(2-piperazin-l-ylethyl)pyrrole- 2, 5-dione trifluoroacetate comprises: adding tert-butyl 4-(2-aminoethyl)piperazine-l -carboxylate, furan-2, 5-dione, acetic anhydride, and sodium acetate to a solvent to give tertbutyl 4-[2-(2,5-dioxopyrrol-l-yl)ethyl]piperazine-l-carboxylate,
- R 2 is PEG n , wherein n is 1 to 10. In another embodiment, R 2 is PEGn, wherein n is 2 to 6. In another embodiment, R 3 is a -phenyl-tetrazine group, wherein the tetrazine is optionally substituted with methyl. In another embodiment, the compound is
- Compound E or a salt thereof.
- the compound is Compound E.
- Compound E is obtained by combining 2-[4-[2- (2,5-Dioxopyrrol-l-yl)ethyl]-2-oxo-piperazin-l-yl]acetic acid, and methyltetrazine-PEG4-amine, an amide coupling reagent, and an amide coupling solvent, and adding a base.
- Compound E, or a salt thereof is obtained by combining 2-[4-[2- (2,5-Dioxopyrrol-l-yl)ethyl]-2-oxo-piperazin-l-yl]acetic acid, and methyltetrazine-PEG4-amine, an amide coupling reagent, and an amide coupling solvent, and adding N,N-
- a method of making Compound E, or a salt thereof comprises: combining 2-[4-[2-(2,5-Dioxopyrrol-l-yl)ethyl]-2-oxo-piperazin-l-yl]acetic acid, and methyltetrazine-PEG4-amine, an amide coupling reagent, and an amide coupling solvent, and adding a base.
- a method of making Compound E, or a salt thereof comprises: combining 2-[4-[2-(2,5-Dioxopyrrol-l-yl)ethyl]-2-oxo-piperazin-l-yl]acetic acid, and methyltetrazine-PEG4-amine, an amide coupling reagent, and an amide coupling solvent, and adding N,N- Dii sopropy 1 ethyl amine .
- the 2-[4-[2- (2,5-dioxopyrrol-l-yl)ethyl]-2-oxo-piperazin-l-yl]acetic acid is prepared by a process comprising: combining 2-[4-(2-aminoethyl)-2-oxopiperazin-l-yl]acetic acid, and a base in a solvent to give 2-[4-[2-(2,5-dioxopyrrol-l-yl)ethyl]-2-oxo- piperazin-l-yl]acetic acid,
- the 2-[4-(2- aminoethyl)-2-oxopiperazin-l-yl]acetic acid is prepared by a process comprising: combining tert-Butyl N-[2-(3 -oxopiperazin- l-yl)ethyl]carbamate, sodium hydride, and tert-butyl bromoacetate to a solvent.
- the tert-butyl N-[2-(3-oxopiperazin-l- yl)ethyl]carbamate is prepared by a process comprising: combining piperazin-2-one, tert-butyl N-(2-oxoethyl)carbamate, acetic acid, and sodium triacetoxyborohydride.
- a base is a substance that reacts with an acid.
- the base comprises a nitrogen containing base.
- the nitrogen containing base comprises N,N- diisopropylethylamine, TEA, or pyridine.
- nitrogen containing bases include but are not limited to diisopropylethylamine, TEA, or pyridine. More preferred nitrogen containing base include N,N-diisopropylethylamine and TEA.
- a single base or mixtures of two or more bases may be used.
- amide coupling solvent examples include DCM, DMF, DMA, or NMP.
- a single solvent or mixtures of two or more solvents may be used.
- a maleic agent is compound that comprises a dicarboxylic acid or an imide, wherein at least one of the carboxylic acids of the dicarboxylic acid is optionally substituted with an amide.
- the maleic agent comprises maleic anhydride, maleic acid, maleamic acid, unsubstituted maleimide, or N-(methoxycarbonyl)maleimide.
- the distal methyltetrazine of the exemplified molecules is designed to conjugate to a biomolecule functionalized with trans-cyclooctene (TCO) through an inverse electron demand Diels- Alder (IEDDA) cycloaddition to form 4-linked l-methyl-2,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10- octahydrocycloocta[d]pyridazine.
- TCO trans-cyclooctene
- IEDDA inverse electron demand Diels- Alder
- NCL Native chemical ligation
- Beta-thioether sulfone coupling through mono-vinyl sulfone
- Beta-thioether ester coupling through acrylate
- modifying agents R 3 to chemically modify a polypeptide, such as an antibody, to introduce novel active agents.
- drug payloads that can be bound to R3.
- drug payloads include but are not limited to cytotoxin, immunostimulator, oligonucleotide, camptothecin analogs such as SN-38 and exatecan, maytansinoids such as maytansinoid DM1 and maytansinoid DM3, auristatins such as Monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) and Monomethylauristatin F (MMAF), Tubulysins, DNA damaging agents such as PBD dimers, and taxol derivatives such as docetaxel.
- cytotoxin cytotoxin
- immunostimulator oligonucleotide
- camptothecin analogs such as SN-38 and exatecan
- maytansinoids such as maytansinoid DM1 and maytansinoid DM3
- auristatins such as Monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) and Monomethylauristatin F (MMA
- the present disclosure also relates to methods of making compounds of Formula I, and salts thereof.
- the present disclosure also relates to methods of using compounds of Formula I, and salts thereof, for antibody-drug conjugation.
- triple phosphate buffer comprises the composition of 50 mM sodium phosphate monobasic monohydrate, 50 mM AMPSO, and 50mM Na4P2O?.
- novel compounds comprising maleimide functional groups can conjugated to a biological molecule, such as an antibody, a monoclonal antiobody, or an antibody portion.
- Suitable biological molecules include monoclonal antibody with engineered cysteines (or Engineered cysteine enabled mAb) comprises an IgG heavy chain and light chain constant region wherein the constant region comprises at least one cysteine.
- the mAb constant region comprises at least one engineered cysteine at one of the following residues: residue 124 in the CHI domain, residue 157 in the CHI domain, residue 162 in the CHI domain, residue 262 in the CH2 domain, residue 375 in the CH3 domain, residue 373 in the CH3 domain, residue 397 in the CH3 domain, residue 415 in the CH3 domain, residue 156 in the Ckappa domain, residue 171 in the Ckappa domain, residue 191 in the Ckappa domain, residue 193 in the Ckappa domain, residue 202 in the Ckappa domain, or residue 208 in the Ckappa domain.
- the constant region comprises at least one engineered cysteine at one of the following residues: residue 124 in the CHI domain, residue 157 in the CHI domain, residue 162 in the CHI domain, residue 262 in the CH2 domain, residue 375 in the CH3 domain, residue 373 in the CH3 domain, residue 378 in the CH3 domain, residue 397 in the CH3 domain, residue 415 in the CH3 domain, residue 156 in the Ckappa domain, residue 171 in the Ckappa domain, residue 191 in the Ckappa domain, residue 193 in the Ckappa domain, residue 202 in the Ckappa domain, or residue 208 in the Ckappa domain.
- the mAh comprises an IgG heavy chain constant region wherein the constant region comprises a cysteine at residue 124 in the CHI domain, and a cysteine at one, but not all, of residue 157 and 162 in the CHI domain and residues 375 and 378 in the CH3 domain.
- the IgG heavy chain constant region is a human, mouse, rat or rabbit IgG constant region.
- the IgG heavy chain constant region is a human IgGl, human IgG2, or human IgG4 isotype, and even more particularly, human IgGl or human IgG4.
- the IgG heavy chain constant region is a human IgGl isotype.
- mAb comprises human IgGl heavy chain constant regions where the constant regions further comprise an isoleucine substituted at residue 247 and a glutamine substituted at residue 339. In another embodiment, the constant regions comprise an isoleucine substituted at residue 247, a glutamine substituted at residue 339, and a glutamic acid substituted at residue 332. In another embodiment, the IgG heavy chain constant region is a human IgG4 isotype. In another embodiment to mAb comprises human IgG4 heavy chain constant regions where the constant regions further comprise a proline substituted at residue 228, an alanine substituted at residue 234, and an alanine substituted at residue 235.
- the mAb comprises two heavy chain IgG constant regions wherein each IgG constant region comprises at least one cysteine.
- each IgG constant region comprises a cysteine at one of the following residues: residue 124 in the CHI domain, residue 157 in the CHI domain, residue 162 in the CHI domain, residue 375 in the CH3 domain, and residue 378 in the CH3 domain.
- the mAb comprises two heavy chain IgG constant regions wherein each IgG constant region comprises a cysteine at residue 124 in the CHI domain, and a cysteine at one, but not all, of residue 157 and 162 in the CHI domain and residues 375 and 378 in the CH3 domain of each heavy chain.
- each IgG constant region is human, mouse, rat or rabbit IgG. In another embodiment, each IgG constant region is human IgGl, human IgG2, or human IgG4 isotype. In another embodiment, each IgG constant region is human IgGl or human IgG4. In another embodiment, each IgG heavy chain constant region is a human IgGl isotype. In another embodiment, two human IgGl heavy chain constant regions further comprise an isoleucine substituted at residue 247 and a glutamine substituted at residue 339. In another embodiment, the constant regions comprise an isoleucine substituted at residue 247, a glutamine substituted at residue 339, and a glutamic acid substituted at residue 332.
- each IgG heavy chain constant region is a human IgG4 isotype.
- two human IgG4 heavy chain constant regions further comprise a proline substituted at residue 228, an alanine substituted at residue 234, and an alanine substituted at residue 235.
- Trifluoroacetic acid (2.0 mL, 26 mmol) was added dropwise to an ice-cold solution of tert-butyl 4-[3-(2,5-dioxopyrrol-l-yl)propyl]piperazine-l-carboxylate,
- HATU 85 mg, 0.22 mmol
- DMF 0.5 mL
- N,N'-disuccinimidyl carbonate (61 mg, 0.23 mmol) was added to a mixture of methyltetrazine-acid,
- mAb Monoclonal antibody
- cysteine was used to assess conjugation of these linkers via maleimide thiol -chemistry reaction.
- mAbs were diluted to 10 mg/mL into the aforementioned phosphate buffer in pH 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 7.5, and 8.0.
- Each of the linkers were added at 20 molar equivalents to the mAbs and incubated for 1 hour at room temperature to conjugate. Following 1 hour incubation, excess linker was removed by desalting the solution back to buffer in pH 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 7.5, and 8.0 by spin desalting columns using standard manufacturer protocol. Effect of pH on linker conjugation to the mAb and post-conjugation hydrolysis of the linkers were assessed over time by Reverse Phase-LCMS.
- Reverse Phase-HPLC mass-spec analysis was used to assess conjugation of the linker to mAb and post-conjugation hydrolysis of the linkers.
- 10 pL Img/mL of antibody-linker conjugates were prepared. Partial reduction was performed by adding 1.5 pL 100 mM TCEP and 1 pL of IM Tris-HCl pH 8.0 to each sample and incubating at 37 °C for 30 minutes. Antibody -linker conjugates were analyzed at Day 0, Day 3. Samples were pH adjusted by 1 M Tris-HCl to pH 8.0.
- Table 5 provides conjugation rate percentages and post-conjugation hydrolysis rate percentages at day 0 and day 3 intervals.
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Abstract
The present disclosure relates to novel compounds comprising self-hydrolyzing maleimide functional groups, salts of these compounds, pharmaceutically acceptable salts of these compounds, methods of making these compounds, and methods of using these compounds for bioconjugation to antibodies. The present disclosure also relates to antibody drug conjugates with improved stability under physiological conditions. The present disclosure also relates to antibody drug conjugates that include self-hydrolyzing maleimide functional groups.
Description
SELF-HYDROLYZING MALEIMIDES FOR BIOCONJUGATION
FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to novel compounds comprising self-hydrolyzing maleimides for the reaction with molecules including a thiol functional group in a thiol conjugation reaction. The present disclosure also relates to novel compounds comprising self-hydrolyzing maleimides for bioconjugation to antibodies or portions of antibodies.
BACKGROUND
[0002] Biological molecules, such as antibodies, frequently include one or more thiol functional groups in cysteine amino acids. Thiol functional groups from cysteine amino acids are frequently used to attach drugs to antibodies, thereby forming an antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). The drug portion of the ADC may include a maleimide functional group, which reacts in a bioconjugation reaction with the thiol functional group from the biological molecule to form a thiosuccinimide link between the antibody and the drug portion. This thiosuccinimide bioconjugation reaction occurs rapidly under physiological conditions, attains nearly quantitative conjugation without a large excess of either species, and can be applied to a vast array of molecules of biological interest. See Nature Biotechnology, 2014, 32, 1059-1062.
[0003] However, the formation of thiosuccinimide is reversible, with maleimide elimination occurring slowly under biologically relevant conditions. See Nature Biotechnology, 2014, 32, 1059-1062. Thus, many ADCs may experience measurable drug loss during prolonged circulation in the body, leading to diminished activity. See Nature Biotechnology, 2014, 32, 1059-1062. However, the elimination of the maleimide functional group can be mitigated if the thiosuccinimide instead undergoes a ring-opening hydrolysis reaction that results in a conjugation link that is no longer subject to maleimide elimination. . See Nature Biotechnology, 2014, 32, 1059-1062. See Also Formula A.
_SH
[0006] An amine adjacent to the maleimide group may induce hydrolysis of the thiosuccinimide link after the antibody-maleimide conjugate forms. This maleimide group induced hydrolysis is an example of self-hydrolysis. The hydrolysis kinetics generally correlate with the distance between the amine and the maleimide, where the closer the amine is to the maleimide, the faster the rate of self-hydrolysis. See Nature Biotechnology, 2014, 32, 1059-1062.
[0007] Thus, there is a need for novel compounds comprising a maleimide functional group that (1) undergoes a bioconjugation reaction with thiol functional groups on biological molecules, and (2) undergoes a rapid self-hydrolysis of the formed thiosuccinimide to (3) prevent any loss of maleimide functional groups under desirable physiological conditions. See Formula A.
SUMMARY
[0008] Disclosed herein are novel compounds comprising a maleimide functional group that (1) undergoes a bioconjugation reaction with thiol functional groups, such as those found on biological molecules, and (2) undergoes a rapid self-hydrolysis of the formed thiosuccinimide
[0009] Also disclosed herein are self-hydrolyzing maleimide-containing compounds which exhibit nearly quantitative rates of conjugation and self-hydrolysis under desirable physiological conditions. Also disclosed herein are salts and/or pharmaceutically
acceptable salts of these novel compounds. Also disclosed herein are methods of preparing an antibody-maleimide conjugate, and methods of making self-hydrolyzing maleimide-containing compounds.
[0010] Disclosed herein is a compound of formula:
or a salt thereof, wherein R1 is
R2 is selected from the group consisting of PEGn, a bond, and a peptide, or a combination thereof; n is 1 to 50; and
R3 is a -phenyl-tetrazine group, or a ligation group, wherein the tetrazine is optionally substituted with methyl. [0011] Also disclosed herein, is a conjugate of the formula:
or a salt thereof, wherein R1 is
R2 is selected from the group consisting of PEGn, a bond, and a peptide, or a combination thereof; n is 1 to 50;
R3 is a -phenyl-tetrazine group, or a ligation group, wherein the tetrazine is optionally substituted with methyl; mAb is a monoclonal antibody; and
S is a sulfur atom from a cysteine residue on the monoclonal antibody. [0012] Also disclosed herein is conjugate of the formula:
or a salt thereof, wherein R1 is
R2 is selected from the group consisting of PEGn, a bond, and a peptide, or a combination thereof; n is 1 to 50;
R3 is a -phenyl-tetrazine group, or a ligation group, wherein the tetrazine is optionally substituted with methyl;
mAb is a monoclonal antibody; and
S is a sulfur atom from a cysteine residue on the monoclonal antibody.
[0015] In an aspect, disclosed herein are compounds of Formula I, or salts thereof, methods of making compounds of Formula I, or salts thereof, and methods of using compounds of Formula I or salts thereof, are disclosed.
R2 is selected from the group consisting of PEGn, a bond, and a peptide, or a combination thereof; n is 1 to 50;
R3 is a -phenyl-tetrazine group, or a ligation group, wherein the tetrazine is optionally substituted with methyl.
In an aspect, disclosed herein is a compound,
1 -[3-[4-[3-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-(6-methyl- 1,2,4, 5-tetrazin-3- yl)phenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]propanoyl]piperazin-l-yl]propyl]pyrrole-2,5- dione (“Compound A”) or a salt thereof, obtained by combining 1 -(3 -piperazin- 1- ylpropyl)pyrrole-2, 5-dione,
with 3-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-(6-methyl- 1,2,4, 5-tetrazin-3- yl)phenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]propanoic acid (“methyltetrazine-PEG4-acid”),
In an aspect, disclosed herein is l-[3-[4-[2-[4-(6-methyl-l,2,4,5-tetrazin-3- yl)phenyl]acetyl]piperazin-l-yl]propyl]pyrrole-2, 5-dione (“Compound B”), which has the formula:
or a salt thereof, obtained by combining (2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-l-yl) 2-[4-(6-
methyl- 1 ,2,4,5-tetrazin-3 -yl)phenyl]acetate, 1 -(3 -piperazin- 1 -ylpropyl)pyrrole-2, 5-dione,
and a base, in the presence of a solvent and to give Compound B.
In an aspect, disclosed herein is N-[2-[2-(2,5-dioxopyrrol-l-yl)ethyl-methyl- amino]ethyl]-3-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-(6-methyl- 1,2,4, 5-tetrazin-3- yl)phenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]propanamide (“Compound C”), which has the following formula:
or a salt thereof, obtained by combining l-[2-[2-aminoethyl(methyl)amino]ethyl]pyrrole-
2,5-dione trifluoroacetate salt, methyltetrazine-PEG4-acid,
and an amide coupling reagent, and a base in a solvent.
In an alternate aspect, Compound C or a salt thereof, is obtained by combining (Z)-4-[2-[methyl-[2-[3-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-(6-methyl- 1,2,4, 5-tetrazin-3- yl)phenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]propanoylamino]ethyl]amino]ethylamino]-4- oxo-but-2-enoic acid,
, acetate salt, and acetic anhydride.
In an aspect, disclosed herein is -[3-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-(6-methyl-l,2,4,5-tetrazin-3- yl)phenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]propanoyl]piperazin-l-yl]ethyl]pyrrole-2,5- dione (“Compound D”):
1 -[2-[4 or a salt thereof, obtained by combining l-(2-piperazin-l-ylethyl)pyrrole-2,5- dione trifluoroacetate,
an amide coupling reagent, and a base, to a solvent.
In an aspect, disclosed herein is 2-[4-[2-(2,5-dioxopyrrol-l-yl)ethyl]-2- oxopiperazin-l-yl]-N-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-(6-methyl-l,2,4,5-tetrazin-3- yl)phenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl]acetamide (“Compound E”) which has the following formula:
or a salt thereof, obtained by combining 2-[4-[2-(2,5-dioxopyrrol-l-yl)ethyl]-2-oxo- piperazin-l-yl]acetic acid,
and 2-[2-[2-[2-[4-(6-methyl- 1,2,4, 5-tetrazin-3- yl)phenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethanamine (“methyltetrazine-PEG4-amine”),
an amide coupling reagent, an amide coupling solvent, and a base.
R2 is selected from the group consisting of PEGn, a bond, and a peptide, or a combination thereof; n is 1 to 50; R3 is a -phenyl-tetrazine group, or a ligation group, wherein the tetrazine is optionally substituted with methyl; mAb is a monoclonal antibody; and
S is a sulfur atom from a cysteine residue on the monoclonal antibody.
R2 is selected from the group consisting of PEGn, a bond, and a peptide, or a combination thereof; n is 1 to 50;
R3 is a -phenyl-tetrazine group, or a ligation group, wherein the tetrazine is optionally substituted with methyl; mAb is a monoclonal antibody; and
S is a sulfur atom from a cysteine residue on the monoclonal antibody.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Definitions
The term “salt” as used herein refers to a salt of a compound. The term “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” as used herein refers to a salt of a compound considered to be acceptable for clinical and/or veterinary use. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salts and common methodology for preparing them can be found in “Handbook of Pharmaceutical Salts: Properties, Selection and Use” P. Stahl, et
al., 2nd Revised Edition, Wiley-VCH, 2011 and S.M. Berge, et al., "Pharmaceutical Salts" , Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1977, 66(1), 1-19.
A compound of Formula I may be readily converted to and may be isolated as a salt, including a pharmaceutically acceptable salt. Salt formation can occur upon the addition of a pharmaceutically acceptable acid to form the acid addition salt. Salts can also form simultaneously upon deprotection of a nitrogen or oxygen, i.e., removing the protecting group. Examples, reactions and conditions for salt formation can be found in Gould, P.L., “Salt selection for basic drugs,” International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 33: 201-217 (1986); Bastin, R.J., el al “Salt Selection and Optimization Procedures for Pharmaceutical New Chemical Entities,” Organic Process Research and Development, 4: 427-435 (2000); and Berge, S.M., et al., “Pharmaceutical Salts,” Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 66: 1-19, (1977). In an embodiment, acceptable counterions could include trifluoroacetate, or chloride.
In some embodiments, combinations of amide coupling reagents are used. In some embodiments, combinations of amide coupling solvents are used.
In another embodiment, R2 is PEGn, wherein n is 1 to 10. In another embodiment, R2 is PEGn, wherein n is 2 to 6. In another embodiment, R3 is a -phenyl-tetrazine group, wherein the tetrazine is optionally substituted with methyl. In another embodiment, the compound is
1 -[3-[4-[3-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-(6-methyl- 1,2,4, 5-tetrazin-3- yl)phenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]propanoyl]piperazin-l-yl]propyl]pyrrole-2,5- dione (“Compound A”) or a salt thereof. In another embodiment, the compound is Compound A.
In another embodiment, Compound A, or a salt thereof, is obtained by mixing 1-
(3 -piperazin- 1 -ylpropyl)pyrrole-2, 5 -di one, with methyltetrazine-PEG4-acid,
in the presence of an amide coupling reagent, an amide coupling solvent, and a base. In another embodiment, Compound A, or a salt thereof, is obtained by the step of
mixing 1 -(3 -piperazin- l-ylpropyl)pyrrole-2, 5-dione, with methyltetrazine-PEG4-acid,
in the presence of an amide coupling reagent and a solvent. In some embodiments,
Compound A, or a salt thereof, is obtained by the step of mixing 1 -(3 -piperazin- 1- ylpropyl)pyrrole-2, 5-dione,
with methyltetrazine-PEG4-acid,
in the presence of an amide coupling reagent, and a base, in a solvent. In one embodiment, Compound A is obtainable as a free base.
In another embodiment, methods of making Compound A, or salts thereof are disclosed. The methods of making Compound A comprise mixing 1 -(3 -piperazin- 1- ylpropyl)pyrrole-2, 5-dione,
with methyltetrazine-PEG4-acid,
in the presence of an amide coupling reagent and a solvent. In another embodiment, methods of making Compound A are disclosed comprising the step of combining a maleic agent and tert-butyl 4-(3- aminopropyl)piperazine- 1 -carboxylate,
in acetic acid to give (Z)-4-[3-(4-tert-butoxycarbonylpiperazin-l-yl)propylamino]- 4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid,
(“Preparation 1 Intermediate 1”). In another embodiment, methods of making
Compound A also comprise the step of combining (Z)-4-[3-(4-tert-
butoxycarbonylpiperazin-l-yl)propylamino]-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid,
(“Preparation 1 Intermediate 1”), tri ethylamine, and a drying agent to give tertbutyl 4-[3-(2,5-dioxopyrrol-l-yl)propyl]piperazine-l-carboxylate,
(“Preparation 1”). In another embodiment, methods of making Compound A also disclose wherein the drying agent comprises 4A molecular sieves. In another embodiment, methods of making Compound A also comprise the step of combining tertbutyl 4-[3-(2,5-dioxopyrrol-l-yl)propyl]piperazine-l-carboxylate,
In another embodiment, methods of making Compound A also disclose wherein the deBoc reagent comprises trifluoroacetic acid in DCM, HC1 in dioxane, HC1 in methanol, or HC1 in diethyl ether. In another embodiment, methods of making Compound A also disclose wherein the deBoc reagent comprises trifluoroacetic acid in DCM to give
1 -(3 -piperazin- l-ylpropyl)pyrrole-2, 5-dione trifluoroacetate salt,
In an embodiment, R2 is a bond and R3 is a -phenyl-tetrazine group, wherein the tetrazine is optionally substituted with methyl. In another embodiment, the compound is
l-[3-[4-[2-[4-(6-methyl-l,2,4,5-tetrazin-3-yl)phenyl]acetyl]piperazin-l- yl]propyl]pyrrole-2, 5-dione (“Compound B”) or a salt thereof. In another embodiment, the compound is Compound B.
In another embodiment, Compound B, or a salt thereof, is obtained by combining (2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-l-yl) 2-[4-(6-methyl-l,2,4,5-tetrazin-3-yl)phenyl]acetate,
and 1 -(3 -piperazin- 1 -ylpropyl)pyrrole-2,5 -di one,
in the presence of a solvent and in the presence of a base to give Compound B. In another embodiment, Compound B or a salt thereof, is obtained by combining
N,N'-disuccinimidyl carbonate, methyltetrazine-acid, and a base in the presence of a solvent.
In another embodiment, a method of making Compound B or a salt thereof, comprises combining (2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-l-yl) 2-[4-(6-methyl-l,2,4,5-tetrazin-3- yl)phenyl] acetate,
and 1 -(3 -piperazin- l-ylpropyl)pyrrole-2, 5-dione,
in the presence of a solvent and a base. In another embodiment, the method comprises combining N,N'-disuccinimidyl carbonate and a mixture of methyltetrazineacid,
and a base in the presence of a solvent to give (2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-l-yl) 2-[4-(6- methyl- 1 ,2,4,5-tetrazin-3 -yl)phenyl]acetate,
or a salt thereof. In another embodiment, R2 is PEGn, wherein n is 1 to 10. In another embodiment, R2 is PEGn, wherein n is 2 to 6. In another embodiment, R3 is a - phenyl -tetrazine group, wherein the tetrazine is optionally substituted with methyl. In
another embodiment, the compound is
N-[2-[2-(2,5-dioxopyrrol-l-yl)ethyl-methyl-amino]ethyl]-3-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-(6- methyl- 1 ,2,4,5-tetrazin-3 -yl)phenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]propanamide (“Compound C”) or a salt thereof. In another embodiment, the compound is Compound C.
In another embodiment, Compound C, or a salt thereof, is obtained by combining tert-butyl N-[2-[2-(2,5-dioxopyrrol-l-yl)ethyl-methyl-amino]ethyl]carbamate,
and a deBoc reagent to give l-[2-[2-aminoethyl(methyl)amino]ethyl]pyrrole-2,5- dione,
In another embodiment, Compound C, or a salt thereof, is obtainable wherein the deBoc reagent comprises trifluoroacetic acid in DCM, HC1 in dioxane, HC1 in methanol, or HC1 in diethyl ether. In another embodiment, Compound C, or a salt thereof, is obtainable wherein the deBoc reagent comprises trifluoroacetic acid in DCM to give l-[2- [2-aminoethyl(methyl)amino]ethyl]pyrrole-2, 5-dione trifluoroacetate salt,
In another embodiment, Compound C, or a salt thereof, is obtained by combining (Z)-4-[2-[methyl-[2-[3-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-(6-methyl- 1,2,4, 5-tetrazin-3- yl)phenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]propanoylamino]ethyl]amino]ethylamino]-4- oxo-but-2-enoic acid,
, acetate salt, and acetic anhydride. In another embodiment, Compound C, or a salt thereof, wherein acetate salt comprises sodium acetate.
In another embodiment, methods of making Compound C, or salts thereof are disclosed. In another embodiment, a method of making Compound C, or a salt thereof, comprises combining l-[2-[2-aminoethyl(methyl)amino]ethyl]pyrrole-2, 5-dione trifluoroacetate salt,
and an amide coupling reagent, and a base in a solvent to give N-[2-[2-(2,5- di oxopyrrol- l-yl)ethyl-m ethyl-amino]ethyl]-3-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-(6-methyl- 1,2,4, 5-tetrazin-
3-yl)phenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]propanamide,
In another embodiment, a method of making Compound C, or a salt thereof, further comprising: combining tert-Butyl N-[2-[2-(2,5-dioxopyrrol-l-yl)ethyl-methyl- amino]ethyl]carbamate,
and a deBoc reagent to give l-[2-[2-aminoethyl(methyl)amino]ethyl]pyrrole-2,5- dione,
In another embodiment, a method of making Compound C, or a salt thereof, wherein the deBoc reagent comprises trifluoroacetic acid in DCM, HC1 in dioxane, HC1 in methanol, or HC1 in diethyl ether. In another embodiment, a method of making Compound C, or a salt thereof, wherein the deBoc reagent comprises trifluoroacetic acid in DCM to give l-[2-[2-aminoethyl(methyl)amino]ethyl]pyrrole-2, 5-dione
trifluoroacetate salt,
In another embodiment, a method of making Compound C, or a salt thereof, combining (Z)-4-[2-[methyl-[2-[3-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-(6-methyl-l,2,4,5-tetrazin-3- yl)phenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]propanoylamino]ethyl]amino]ethylamino]-4- oxo-but-2-enoic acid,
, acetate salt, and acetic anhydride. In another embodiment, a method of making Compound C, or a salt thereof, wherein acetate salt comprises sodium acetate.
In another embodiment, a method of making Compound C, or a salt thereof, further comprises the step of: combining tert-butyl N-[2-[2-aminoethyl(methyl)amino]ethyl]carbamate,
in acetic acid and a maleic agent to give the (Z)-4-[2-[2-(tert- butoxycarbonylamino)ethyl-methyl-amino]ethylamino]-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid,
In another embodiment, a method of making Compound C, or a salt thereof, wherein the maleic agent is selected from the group consisting of maleic anhydride, maleic acid, maleamic acid, unsubstituted maleimide, and N- (methoxycarbonyl)mal eimide.
In another embodiment, R2 is PEGn, wherein n is 1 to 10. In another embodiment, R2 is PEGn, wherein n is 2 to 6. In another embodiment, R3 is a -phenyl-tetrazine group, wherein the tetrazine is optionally substituted with methyl. In another embodiment, the compound is
l-[2-[4-[3-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-(6-methyl- 1,2,4, 5-tetrazin-3- yl)phenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]propanoyl]piperazin-l-yl]ethyl]pyrrole-2,5- dione (“Compound D”) or a salt thereof. In another embodiment, the compound is Compound D. In another embodiment, Compound D, or a salt thereof, is obtained by combining l-(2-piperazin-l-ylethyl)pyrrole-2, 5-dione trifluoroacetate,
an amide coupling reagent, and a base, to a solvent to give l-[2-[4-[3-[2-[2-[2-[2-
[4-(6-methyl-l,2,4,5-tetrazin-3- yl)phenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]propanoyl]piperazin-l-yl]ethyl]pyrrole-2,5- dione,
In another embodiment, Compound D, or a salt thereof, is obtained by combining l-(2-piperazin-l-ylethyl)pyrrole-2, 5-dione trifluoroacetate,
methyltetrazine-PEG4-acid,
an amide coupling reagent, and N,N-Diisopropylethylamine, to a solvent to give l-[2-[4-[3-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-(6-methyl-l,2,4,5-tetrazin-3- yl)phenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]propanoyl]piperazin-l-yl]ethyl]pyrrole-2,5- dione,
In another embodiment, Compound D, or a salt thereof, is obtained by combining tert-Butyl 4-[2-(2,5-dioxopyrrol-l-yl)ethyl]piperazine-l-carboxylate,
and a deBoc reagent in a solvent. In another embodiment, Compound D, or a salt thereof, wherein the deBoc reagent comprises trifluoroacetic acid in DCM, HC1 in dioxane, HC1 in methanol, or HC1 in diethyl ether. In another embodiment, Compound D, or a salt thereof, wherein the deBoc reagent comprises trifluoroacetic acid in DCM to give 1 -(2 -piperazin- l-ylethyl)pyrrole-2, 5-dione trifluoroacetate,
In another embodiment, methods of making Compound D, or salts thereof are disclosed. In another embodiment, a method of making Compound D, or a salt thereof, comprises: combining 1 -(2 -piperazin- l-ylethyl)pyrrole-2, 5-dione trifluoroacetate,
an amide coupling reagent, and a base, to a solvent to give l-[2-[4-[3-[2-[2-[2-[2- [4-(6-methyl-l,2,4,5-tetrazin-3- yl)phenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]propanoyl]piperazin-l-yl]ethyl]pyrrole-2,5- dione,
In another embodiment, methods of making Compound D, or salts thereof are disclosed. In another embodiment, a method of making Compound D, or a salt thereof, comprises: combining 1 -(2 -piperazin- l-ylethyl)pyrrole-2, 5-dione trifluoroacetate,
methyltetrazine-PEG4-acid,
an amide coupling reagent, and N,N-Diisopropylethylamine, to a solvent to give l-[2-[4-[3-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-(6-methyl-l,2,4,5-tetrazin-3- yl)phenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]propanoyl]piperazin-l-yl]ethyl]pyrrole-2,5- dione,
In another embodiment, a method of making Compound D, or a salt thereof, comprises: combining tert-Butyl 4-[2-(2,5-dioxopyrrol-l-yl)ethyl]piperazine-l-carboxylate,
and a deBoc reagent in a solvent. In another embodiment, a method of making Compound D, or a salt thereof, wherein the deBoc reagent comprises trifluoroacetic acid in DCM, HC1 in dioxane, HC1 in methanol, or HC1 in diethyl ether. In another embodiment, a method of making Compound D, or a salt thereof, wherein the deBoc reagent comprises trifluoroacetic acid in DCM to give l-(2-piperazin-l-ylethyl)pyrrole- 2, 5-dione trifluoroacetate,
In another embodiment, a method of making Compound D, or a salt thereof, comprises: adding tert-butyl 4-(2-aminoethyl)piperazine-l -carboxylate,
furan-2, 5-dione, acetic anhydride, and sodium acetate to a solvent to give tertbutyl 4-[2-(2,5-dioxopyrrol-l-yl)ethyl]piperazine-l-carboxylate,
In another embodiment, R2 is PEGn, wherein n is 1 to 10. In another embodiment, R2 is PEGn, wherein n is 2 to 6. In another embodiment, R3 is a -phenyl-tetrazine group, wherein the tetrazine is optionally substituted with methyl. In another embodiment, the compound is
2-[4-[2-(2,5-dioxopyrrol-l-yl)ethyl]-2-oxopiperazin-l-yl]-N-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-(6- methyl-l,2,4,5-tetrazin-3-yl)phenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl]acetamide
(“Compound E”) or a salt thereof. In another embodiment, the compound is Compound E.
In another embodiment, Compound E, or a salt thereof, is obtained by combining
2-[4-[2-(2,5-Dioxopyrrol-l-yl)ethyl]-2-oxo-piperazin-l-yl]acetic acid,
and methyltetrazine-PEG4-amine,
an amide coupling reagent, and an amide coupling solvent, and adding a base. In another embodiment, Compound E, or a salt thereof, is obtained by combining 2-[4-[2- (2,5-Dioxopyrrol-l-yl)ethyl]-2-oxo-piperazin-l-yl]acetic acid,
and methyltetrazine-PEG4-amine,
an amide coupling reagent, and an amide coupling solvent, and adding N,N-
Dii sopropy 1 ethyl amine .
In another embodiment, methods of making Compound E, or salts thereof are disclosed. In another embodiment, a method of making Compound E, or a salt thereof, comprises:
combining 2-[4-[2-(2,5-Dioxopyrrol-l-yl)ethyl]-2-oxo-piperazin-l-yl]acetic acid,
and methyltetrazine-PEG4-amine,
an amide coupling reagent, and an amide coupling solvent, and adding a base.
In another embodiment, a method of making Compound E, or a salt thereof, comprises: combining 2-[4-[2-(2,5-Dioxopyrrol-l-yl)ethyl]-2-oxo-piperazin-l-yl]acetic acid,
and methyltetrazine-PEG4-amine,
an amide coupling reagent, and an amide coupling solvent, and adding N,N- Dii sopropy 1 ethyl amine .
In another embodiment, when making Compound E, or a salt thereof, the 2-[4-[2- (2,5-dioxopyrrol-l-yl)ethyl]-2-oxo-piperazin-l-yl]acetic acid,
is prepared by a process comprising: combining 2-[4-(2-aminoethyl)-2-oxopiperazin-l-yl]acetic acid,
and a base in a solvent to give 2-[4-[2-(2,5-dioxopyrrol-l-yl)ethyl]-2-oxo- piperazin-l-yl]acetic acid,
In another embodiment, when making Compound E, or a salt thereof, the 2-[4-(2-
aminoethyl)-2-oxopiperazin-l-yl]acetic acid, is prepared by a process comprising: combining tert-Butyl N-[2-(3 -oxopiperazin- l-yl)ethyl]carbamate,
sodium hydride, and tert-butyl bromoacetate to a solvent. In another embodiment, when making Compound E, or a salt thereof, the tert-butyl N-[2-(3-oxopiperazin-l- yl)ethyl]carbamate,
is prepared by a process comprising: combining piperazin-2-one, tert-butyl N-(2-oxoethyl)carbamate,
acetic acid, and sodium triacetoxyborohydride.
In all of the above embodiments, it is understood that a base is a substance that reacts with an acid. In some embodiments, the base comprises a nitrogen containing base. In some embodiments, the nitrogen containing base comprises N,N- diisopropylethylamine, TEA, or pyridine. Examples of nitrogen containing bases include but are not limited to diisopropylethylamine, TEA, or pyridine. More preferred nitrogen containing base include N,N-diisopropylethylamine and TEA. A single base or mixtures of two or more bases may be used.
Preferred embodiments of amide coupling solvent include DCM, DMF, DMA, or NMP. A single solvent or mixtures of two or more solvents may be used.
In the above embodiments, a maleic agent is compound that comprises a dicarboxylic acid or an imide, wherein at least one of the carboxylic acids of the dicarboxylic acid is optionally substituted with an amide. In some embodiments, the maleic agent comprises maleic anhydride, maleic acid, maleamic acid, unsubstituted maleimide, or N-(methoxycarbonyl)maleimide.
R3 binding
The distal methyltetrazine of the exemplified molecules is designed to conjugate to a biomolecule functionalized with trans-cyclooctene (TCO) through an inverse electron demand Diels- Alder (IEDDA) cycloaddition to form 4-linked l-methyl-2,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10- octahydrocycloocta[d]pyridazine. There are various other ligation technologies that can also be employed on the distal end of R3. There are various other ligation technologies
that can also be employed on the distal end of R3. Examples of such ligation technologies are referred to herein as "ligation groups". Ligation groups that can be used include, but are not limited to:
1. Nitrogen containing ligation groups
• Amides: coupling with N-hydroxy succinimide or other activated esters, sometimes through amide coupling reagents
• Amines: reductive amination with aldehyde/ketone
• Imines: condensation with aldehyde/ketone.
• Sulfonamides: coupling through sulfonyl fluorides
• Thioureas/ureas: coupling with isothiocyanate/isocyanate
2. Sulfur containing (thiol typically from cysteine) ligation groups
• Disulfide linkage: coupling with pyridyl sulfide, other activating groups
• Aryl thioether: palladium-mediated coupling with aryl halide
• Native chemical ligation (NCL): coupling C-terminal thioester with N- terminal cysteine
• Thioether linkage:
■ Alpha-thioether carbonyl: coupling through alpha-halo carbonyl
■ Beta-thioether sulfone: coupling through mono-vinyl sulfone
■ Beta-thioether ester: coupling through acrylate
■ Thioether succinimide: coupled through maleimide
■ Alternative traps to thiolates include bis-vinyl sulfones, vinyl sulfonamides
3. Methods of making ligation groups
• Cycloaddition:
■ [3+2] Copper-catalyzed alkyne/azide (Huisgen cycloaddition)
■ [3+2] Nitrone cycloaddition to olefins/alkynes
• Strain-promoted alkyne/azide process:
■ Dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO) coupled with azide to triazole product
■ Tetrazine coupled with a TCO to octahydrocycloocta[d]pyridazine product
There are various modifying agents (R3) to chemically modify a polypeptide, such as an antibody, to introduce novel active agents.
There are various drug payloads that can be bound to R3. Examples of such drug payloads include but are not limited to cytotoxin, immunostimulator, oligonucleotide, camptothecin analogs such as SN-38 and exatecan, maytansinoids such as maytansinoid DM1 and maytansinoid DM3, auristatins such as Monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) and Monomethylauristatin F (MMAF), Tubulysins, DNA damaging agents such as PBD dimers, and taxol derivatives such as docetaxel.
The present disclosure also relates to methods of making compounds of Formula I, and salts thereof.
The present disclosure also relates to methods of using compounds of Formula I, and salts thereof, for antibody-drug conjugation.
In an embodiment, triple phosphate buffer comprises the composition of 50 mM sodium phosphate monobasic monohydrate, 50 mM AMPSO, and 50mM Na4P2O?.
The novel compounds comprising maleimide functional groups can conjugated to a biological molecule, such as an antibody, a monoclonal antiobody, or an antibody portion.
Suitable biological molecules include monoclonal antibody with engineered cysteines (or Engineered cysteine enabled mAb) comprises an IgG heavy chain and light chain constant region wherein the constant region comprises at least one cysteine. In an embodiment, the mAb constant region comprises at least one engineered cysteine at one of the following residues: residue 124 in the CHI domain, residue 157 in the CHI domain, residue 162 in the CHI domain, residue 262 in the CH2 domain, residue 375 in the CH3 domain, residue 373 in the CH3 domain, residue 397 in the CH3 domain, residue 415 in the CH3 domain, residue 156 in the Ckappa domain, residue 171 in the Ckappa domain, residue 191 in the Ckappa domain, residue 193 in the Ckappa domain, residue 202 in the Ckappa domain, or residue 208 in the Ckappa domain. See paragraphs [0085] to [0088] of US Published patent application number 2020/0155702. In another embodiment, the constant region comprises at least one engineered cysteine at one of the following residues: residue 124 in the CHI domain, residue 157 in the CHI domain, residue 162 in the CHI domain,
residue 262 in the CH2 domain, residue 375 in the CH3 domain, residue 373 in the CH3 domain, residue 378 in the CH3 domain, residue 397 in the CH3 domain, residue 415 in the CH3 domain, residue 156 in the Ckappa domain, residue 171 in the Ckappa domain, residue 191 in the Ckappa domain, residue 193 in the Ckappa domain, residue 202 in the Ckappa domain, or residue 208 in the Ckappa domain.
In another embodiment, the mAh comprises an IgG heavy chain constant region wherein the constant region comprises a cysteine at residue 124 in the CHI domain, and a cysteine at one, but not all, of residue 157 and 162 in the CHI domain and residues 375 and 378 in the CH3 domain. In another embodiment, the IgG heavy chain constant region is a human, mouse, rat or rabbit IgG constant region. In another embodiment, the IgG heavy chain constant region is a human IgGl, human IgG2, or human IgG4 isotype, and even more particularly, human IgGl or human IgG4. In another embodiment, the IgG heavy chain constant region is a human IgGl isotype. In another embodiment, mAb comprises human IgGl heavy chain constant regions where the constant regions further comprise an isoleucine substituted at residue 247 and a glutamine substituted at residue 339. In another embodiment, the constant regions comprise an isoleucine substituted at residue 247, a glutamine substituted at residue 339, and a glutamic acid substituted at residue 332. In another embodiment, the IgG heavy chain constant region is a human IgG4 isotype. In another embodiment to mAb comprises human IgG4 heavy chain constant regions where the constant regions further comprise a proline substituted at residue 228, an alanine substituted at residue 234, and an alanine substituted at residue 235.
In another embodiment, the mAb comprises two heavy chain IgG constant regions wherein each IgG constant region comprises at least one cysteine. In another embodiment, each IgG constant region comprises a cysteine at one of the following residues: residue 124 in the CHI domain, residue 157 in the CHI domain, residue 162 in the CHI domain, residue 375 in the CH3 domain, and residue 378 in the CH3 domain. In another embodiment, the mAb comprises two heavy chain IgG constant regions wherein each IgG constant region comprises a cysteine at residue 124 in the CHI domain, and a cysteine at one, but not all, of residue 157 and 162 in the CHI domain and residues 375 and 378 in the CH3 domain of each heavy chain. In another embodiment, each IgG constant region is human, mouse, rat or rabbit IgG. In another embodiment, each IgG
constant region is human IgGl, human IgG2, or human IgG4 isotype. In another embodiment, each IgG constant region is human IgGl or human IgG4. In another embodiment, each IgG heavy chain constant region is a human IgGl isotype. In another embodiment, two human IgGl heavy chain constant regions further comprise an isoleucine substituted at residue 247 and a glutamine substituted at residue 339. In another embodiment, the constant regions comprise an isoleucine substituted at residue 247, a glutamine substituted at residue 339, and a glutamic acid substituted at residue 332. In another embodiment, each IgG heavy chain constant region is a human IgG4 isotype. In another embodiment, two human IgG4 heavy chain constant regions further comprise a proline substituted at residue 228, an alanine substituted at residue 234, and an alanine substituted at residue 235.
Unless otherwise expressly stated herein, all references to residues appearing in the specification and Examples are based on the EU Index Numbering system. See paragraph [0098] of US Published patent application number 2020/0155702.
Preparation 0
Triple phosphate buffer composition
13.8 grams of sodium phosphate monobasic monohydrate, 22.7 grams of APMSO and 26.6 grams of Na4P2O7 were added to 2L flask and solubilized using de-ionized filtered water in 2L. This 2L solution was subdivided into 250mL buffer solution to generate varied pH solution ranging from 5 to 8 by adjusting the pH using either IM sodium hydrochloride stock or IN sodium hydroxide.
Maleic anhydride (789 mg, 7.97 mmol) was added to a solution of tert-butyl 4-(3- aminopropyl)piperazine-l -carboxylate (2.00 g, 7.97 mmol) in acetic acid (8 mL, 140 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt for 12 hours. A faint yellow solution was obtained. The volatiles were removed under reduced pressure to a residue that was dried
under vacuum. The crude intermediate (Z)-4-[3-(4-tert-butoxycarbonylpiperazin-l- yl)propylamino]-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid,
, (“Preparation 1 Intermediate 1”)
(2.72 g, 7.97 mmol) was dissolved in toluene (80 mL, 750 mmol). Triethylamine (5.6 mL, 40 mmol) and 4A molecular sieves (8.8 g) were added. The flask was equipped with a Dean-Stark trap, and the mixture was heated at 120 °C for 48 hours. After cooling to rt, the solids were removed by filtration, washing the solids with DCM (40 mL). The volatiles were removed under reduced pressure to a residue that was dried under vacuum. The thick residue was purified by normal phase chromatography ([10% MeOH/MTBE]/DCM). The title compound was isolated (353 mg, 1.09 mmol, 13.7% yield) as a yellow, flaky powder. MS m/z 324 (M+l).
Preparation 2
Trifluoroacetic acid (2.0 mL, 26 mmol) was added dropwise to an ice-cold solution of tert-butyl 4-[3-(2,5-dioxopyrrol-l-yl)propyl]piperazine-l-carboxylate,
, (“Preparation 1”)
(353 mg, 1.09 mmol) in DCM (5.0 mL). A clear solution was obtained. The mixture was stirred for 2 h, and the volatiles were removed under reduced pressure to a residue that was dried under vacuum. The title compound was isolated (325 mg, 0.964 mmol, 88.4% yield) as a white powder. MS m/z 224 (M+l).
Example 1 l-[3-[4-[3-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-(6-methyl-l,2,4,5-tetrazin-3- yl)phenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]propanoyl]piperazin-l-yl]propyl]pyrrole-2,5- dione (“Compound A”)
Under nitrogen atmosphere, HATU (85 mg, 0.22 mmol) was added to a solution of methyltetrazine-PEG4-acid (50 mg, 0.11 mmol),
in DMF (0.5 mL), and the resulting purple activated acid mixture was stirred for
10 min at rt. In a separate vessel, 1 -(3 -piperazin- l-ylpropyl)pyrrole-2, 5-dione trifluoroacetic acid (27 mg, 0.080 mmol),
and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (60 pL, 0.34 mmol) in DMF (0.22 mL) were mixed at rt. After 10 min., this mixture was added to the activated acid mixture via syringe. A purple solution was obtained. After 90 min, an additional 1 -(3 -piperazin- 1- ylpropyl)pyrrole-2, 5-dione (27 mg, 0.12 mmol) was added, and the mixture was stirred at rt for an additional 90 min, and then placed in a -20 °C freezer for storage overnight. The reaction was diluted with water (20 mL) and DCM (40 mL). The layers were separated, and the organic layer was washed with water (2 x20 mL), then satd aq ammonium chloride, satd aq sodium bicarbonate, and then with satd aq sodium chloride. The organics were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to dryness to give a purple
residue. Isolated title compound (42.3 mg, 0.0659 mmol, 60.6% yield) as a purple residue. MS m/z 642 (M+l).
Example 2 l-[3-[4-[2-[4-(6-methyl-l,2,4,5-tetrazin-3-yl)phenyl]acetyl]piperazin-l-yl]propyl]pyrrole-
Under N2 atmosphere, N,N'-disuccinimidyl carbonate (61 mg, 0.23 mmol) was added to a mixture of methyltetrazine-acid,
(50 mg, 0.21 mmol), N,N-diisopropylethylamine (75 pL, 0.43 mmol) in dichloromethane (4.1 mL). The purple mixture was stirred at rt for 12 h. The purple reaction solution was diluted with water (10 mL) and the aqueous layer was extracted with DCM (2 x 10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with satd aq ammonium chloride, satd aq sodium bicarbonate, then with brine. The organics were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to dryness. (2,5-dioxopyrrolidin- 1-yl) 2-[4-(6-methyl-l,2,4,5-tetrazin-3-yl)phenyl]acetate (99.7 mg, 0.305 mmol) was isolated as a purple solid. This material was dissolved in DCM (3.0 mL). Under N2 atmosphere, this solution was slowly added to a solution of 1 -(3 -piperazin- 1- ylpropyl)pyrrole-2, 5-dione (49 mg, 0.22 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (90 pL, 0.51 mmol) in THF (1.0 mL) and dichloromethane (3.0 mL). A purple solution was obtained. After 2 min, additional 1 -(3 -piperazin- l-ylpropyl)pyrrole-2, 5-dione (49 mg, 0.22 mmol) as a solid was added, and the mixture was stirred at rt for an additional 90 min. The volatiles were removed under reduced pressure to a residue that was absorbed onto silica gel (1 g) with the aid of DCM (10 mL). The volatiles were removed
under reduced pressure to a free flowing residue that was purified by chromatography (12 g silica gel; 3 min DCM, then 6 min 5% [10% MeOH/MTBE]/DCM, then 5 min 10% [10% MeOH/MTBE]/DCM). The title compound was isolated (48 mg, 50% yield) as a purple foam. MS m/z 436 (M+l).
Maleic anhydride (564 mg, 5.75 mmol) was added to a solution of tert-butyl N-[2- [2-aminoethyl(methyl)amino]ethyl]carbamate,
(1.25 g, 5.75 mmol) in acetic acid (4 mL, 140 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt for 7 h. A faint yellow solution was obtained. The volatiles were removed under reduced pressure to a residue that was dried under vacuum for a weekend. The crude intermediate, (Z)-4-[2-[2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)ethyl-methyl-amino]ethylamino]-4-oxo-but-2- enoic acid,
(1.81 g, 5.75 mmol), was dissolved in toluene (30 mL). Triethylamine (4 mL, 29 mmol) and 4A molecular sieves (3.0 g) were added. The mixture was heated to refluxing for 6 h. After cooling to rt, the mixture was filtered through a diatomaceous earth pad, washing the pad with DCM (3 ^ 5 mL). The filtrate was concentrated under vacuum to give a thick residue. The residue was dissolved in DCM (50 mL) and washed with water (20 mL). The organic layer was separated, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under vacuum. The resulting residue was purified by
normal phase chromatography (EtOAc/hexane). The title compound was isolated
(580 mg, 1.95 mmol, 33.9% yield) as a pale yellow semi-solid. MS m/z 298 (M+l).
Example 3
N-[2-[2-(2,5-dioxopyrrol-l-yl)ethyl-methyl-amino]ethyl]-3-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-(6-methyl- l,2,4,5-tetrazin-3-yl)phenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]propanamide (“Compound
(75 mg, 0.25 mmol) was dissolved in trifluoroacetic acid (2.0 mL, 26 mmol) and DCM (4 mL) and stirred at rt for 1 h. The volatiles were removed under reduced pressure to a residue that was dried under vacuum for overnight to give l-[2-[2- aminoethyl(methyl)amino]ethyl]pyrrole-2, 5-dione trifluoroacetate salt,
as white solid. l-[2-[2-aminoethyl(methyl)amino]ethyl]pyrrole-2, 5-dione trifluoroacetate salt,
methyltetrazine-PEG4-acid,
(100 mg, 0.22 mmol), and HATU (200 mg, 0.51 mmol) were mixed together in DMF (2.0 mL) and THF (1.0 mL). To the solution, N,N-diisopropylethylamine (170 pL, 1.01 mmol) was added via a syringe. The mixture was stirred at rt for 2 h. The reaction was then diluted with DCM (50 mL) and washed with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride. The organic layer was separated, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to dryness to a dark red oil. Purified by normal phase flash column chromatograpy (MeOH/DCM). Early fractions yielded the title compound (74 mg, 0.25 mmol, 40.5% yield) as a red solid. MS m/z 616.2 (M+l). Later fractions yielded a ring-opened product, (Z)-4-[2-[methyl-[2-[3-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-(6-methyl-l,2,4,5-tetrazin-3- yl)phenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]propanoylamino]ethyl]amino]ethylamino]-4- oxo-but-2-enoic acid,
, as purple solid (65 mg, yield 26%). MS m/z 634 (M+l).
Example 3A
N-[2-[2-(2,5-dioxopyrrol-l-yl)ethyl-methyl-amino]ethyl]-3-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-(6-methyl- l,2,4,5-tetrazin-3-yl)phenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]propanamide (“Compound
C”)
(Z)-4-[2-[methyl-[2-[3-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-(6-methyl- 1,2,4, 5-tetrazin-3- yl)phenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]propanoylamino]ethyl]amino]ethylamino]-4- oxo-but-2-enoic acid (105 mg, 0.166 mmol),
was dissolved in acetic anhydride (2 mL). Sodium acetate (50 mg, 0.61 mmol) was then added. The mixture was heated at 70 °C for 4 h. The acetic anhydride was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in DCM (50 mL) and washed with water (20 mL). The organic phase was separated, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under vacuum. The resulting residue was purified by RP-HPLC (Cl 8 column, A: 5% ammonium carbonate in water, B: ACN, 5-32% B over 6.5 min). The title compound was obtained as purple solid (30 mg, 28% yield). MS m/z 616.6 (M+l).
Preparation 4 tert-butyl 4-[2-(2,5-dioxopyrrol-l-yl)ethyl]piperazine-l-carboxylate
tert-Butyl 4-(2-aminoethyl)piperazine-l -carboxylate,
(3.00 g, 13.1 mmol) was dissolved in acetic acid (6 mL). Added furan-2, 5-dione (1.28 g, 13.1 mmol). Stirred at rt for 7 h. The mixture was then stored in a refrigerator for overnight. Most of acetic acid was removed under vacuum (50 °C). Added acetic anhydride (10 mL, 106 mmol) and sodium acetate (1.6 g, 20 mmol). Heated to 80 °C for 2 h. Most of the acetic anhydride was removed under vacuum (with toluene). The mixture was taken into satd aq ammonium chloride (60 mL) giving pH 5 and extracted with DCM (3 x 50 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate,
filtered, and concentrated under vacuum to give crude product as a dark oil. This material was purified with flash column chromatography (80 g silica gel, EtOAc/hexane). The title compound was isolated (2.1 g, 6.8 mmol, 52% yield). MS m/z 310.3 (M+l).
Example 4 l-[2-[4-[3-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-(6-methyl-l,2,4,5-tetrazin-3- yl)phenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]propanoyl]piperazin-l-yl]ethyl]pyrrole-2,5- dione (“Compound D”)
tert-Butyl 4-[2-(2,5-dioxopyrrol-l-yl)ethyl]piperazine-l-carboxylate,
(150 mg, 0.485 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (2 mL). Then added trifluoroacetic acid (1 mL, 13 mmol) and stirred at rt for 1 h. Solvent was removed under vacuum to dryness and further dried under high vacuum overnight to give intermediate l-(2- piperazin-1 -ylethyl)pyrrole-2, 5-dione trifluoroacetate,
l-(2-piperazin-l-ylethyl)pyrrole-2, 5-dione trifluoroacetate and methyltetrazine- PEG4-acid,
(130 mg, 0.283 mmol) were dissolved in DMF (2.0 mL) and THF (2 mL). HATU (380 mg, 0.969 mmol) was then added followed by N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.45 mL, 2.6 mmol). Stirred at rt for 2 h. Diluted with DCM (50 mL). Washed with satd aq ammonium chloride (30 mL). The aqueous phase was pH 6. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under vacuum to give crude product as a red solid. Purified by normal phase flash chromatography (12 g silica gel, 0- 20% MeOH/EtOAc over 15 min). The title compound was isolated (150 mg, 0.239 mmol, 49% yield) as a red solid. MS m/z 628.6 (M+l).
(0.91 g, 5.7 mmol) were mixed together in THF (20 mL) to form a clear solution.
Added acetic acid (0.6 mL, 10 mmol) and stirred at rt for 5 min. Sodium triacetoxyborohydride (3.33 g, 15.2 mmol) was added and stirred at rt under N2 for 4 h. The mixture was then diluted with EtOAc (100 mL) and washed with brine and water. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under vacuum. The resulting residue was purified by normal phase chromatography (0- 50% MeOH/DCM). The title compound was isolated (1.0 g, 4.1 mmol, 81% yield) as a pale yellow solid. MS m/z 243.9 (M+l).
Preparation 6
2-[4-(2-aminoethyl)-2-oxopiperazin-l -yl]acetic acid
tert-Butyl N-[2-(3 -oxopiperazin- 1 -yl)ethyl]carbamate,
(Preparation 5, 350 mg, 1.44 mmol) was dissolved in THF (3.0 mL). Sodium hydride (60 mass% in mineral oil) (74 mg, 1.9 mmol) was added. The reaction was stirred at rt under N2 for 20 min. A solution of tert-butyl bromoacetate (364 mg, 1.87 mmol) in THF (0.5 mL) was then added via syringe and continued stirring for 3 h. The mixture was then diluted with water (50 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3 x 30 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under vacuum to give crude intermediate. The crude was then dissolved in trifluoroacetic acid (3 mL, with 30 pL of triisopropylsilane) and stirred at rt for 30 min. Most of the trifluoroacetic acid was removed under vacuum. The residue was dissolved in methanol and passed through an SCX column (10 g), eluting with 2 M ammonia in methanol. The title compound was isolated as dark solid (180 mg, 0.89 mmol, 62% yield). MS m/z 202 (M+l).
Preparation 7
(180 mg, 0.89 mmol) was dissolved in 1 M aq sodium bicarbonate (3 mL,
(128 mg, 0.80 mmol) was added to the solution and stirred at 0 °C for 1 h. The mixture was then diluted with water (10 mL) and washed with 3 : 1 chloroform: IP A (3 x 20 mL). The aqueous layer was adjusted to about pH 6 with 5 M aq HC1 and extracted with 3: 1 chloroform: IP A (3 x 20 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under vacuum to give title compound (35 mg, 0.12 mmol, 14% yield). MS m/z 282 (M+l). The aqueous phase was then frozen and lyophilized. This gave crude title compound (200 mg, 0.36 mmol, 39%). MS m/z 282 (M+l).
Example 5
2-[4-[2-(2,5-di oxopyrrol- l-yl)ethyl]-2-oxopiperazin-l-yl]-N-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-(6-methyl- l,2,4,5-tetrazin-3-yl)phenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl]acetamide (“Compound E”)
2-[4-[2-(2,5-Dioxopyrrol-l-yl)ethyl]-2-oxo-piperazin-l-yl]acetic acid,
(80 mg, 0.14 mmol), methyltetrazine-PEG4-amine,
(35 mg, 0.092 mmol), and HATU (71 mg, 0.18 mmol) were dissolved in DMF (1.0 mL, 13 mmol) and THF (1 mL) and stirred at rt for 5 min. N,N- diisopropylethylamine (80 pL, 0.46 mmol) was then added to the solution and stirred at rt for 1 h. The mixture was then diluted with water (50 mL) and extracted with 3 : 1 chloroform: IP A (2 x 20 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under vacuum to give dark red oil. Purified twice by normal phase flash chromatography (0-20% methanol/DCM). Isolated Compound E (10 mg, 0.015 mmol, 17% yield). MS m/z 627.5 (M+l).
Example 6 Self-hydrolysis assessment of linkers
Self-hydrolysis of the linkers were assessed by incubating the linkers in triple phosphate buffer with corresponding pH 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 7.5 and 8.0. Lyophilized linker powders were solubilized in 100% DMSO to make up 80 mM stock solution. Each of the linkers were incubated in the buffer at final linker concentration of 1.5 mM to determine succinimide hydrolysis at room temperature for 1 hour. Effect of pH on linker self-hydrolysis was assessed at 0.6, 4, and 20 hour intervals by Reverse Phase-HPLC mass-spec analysis. Table 4 provides hydrolysis percentages at 0.6, 4, and 20 hour intervals, “nd” is no data.
Example 7
Conjugation assessment of linkers
Monoclonal antibody (mAb) with site-specific engineered cysteine was used to assess conjugation of these linkers via maleimide thiol -chemistry reaction. mAbs were diluted to 10 mg/mL into the aforementioned phosphate buffer in pH 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 7.5, and 8.0. Each of the linkers were added at 20 molar equivalents to the mAbs and incubated for 1 hour at room temperature to conjugate. Following 1 hour incubation, excess linker was removed by desalting the solution back to buffer in pH 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 7.5, and 8.0 by spin desalting columns using standard manufacturer protocol. Effect of pH on linker
conjugation to the mAb and post-conjugation hydrolysis of the linkers were assessed over time by Reverse Phase-LCMS.
Reverse Phase-HPLC mass-spec analysis was used to assess conjugation of the linker to mAb and post-conjugation hydrolysis of the linkers. For this analysis, 10 pL Img/mL of antibody-linker conjugates were prepared. Partial reduction was performed by adding 1.5 pL 100 mM TCEP and 1 pL of IM Tris-HCl pH 8.0 to each sample and incubating at 37 °C for 30 minutes. Antibody -linker conjugates were analyzed at Day 0, Day 3. Samples were pH adjusted by 1 M Tris-HCl to pH 8.0.
Table 5 provides conjugation rate percentages and post-conjugation hydrolysis rate percentages at day 0 and day 3 intervals.
Claims
R2 is selected from the group consisting of PEGn, a bond, and a peptide, or a combination thereof; n is 1 to 50; and
R3 is a -phenyl-tetrazine group, or a ligation group, wherein the tetrazine is optionally substituted with methyl.
3. The compound according to claims 1 or 2, wherein R2 is PEGn, and wherein n is 1 to 10, preferably wherein n is 2 to 6, and more preferably wherein R3 is a -phenyl- tetrazine group, and wherein the tetrazine is optionally substituted with methyl.
5. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R2 is a bond.
6. The compound according to claim 5, wherein R3 is a -phenyl-tetrazine group, and wherein the tetrazine is optionally substituted with methyl.
, or a salt thereof.
9. The compound according to claim 8, wherein R2 is PEGn, and wherein n is 1 to
10, preferably wherein n is 2 to 6, and more preferably wherein R3 is a -phenyl-tetrazine group, and wherein the tetrazine is optionally substituted with methyl.
12. The compound according to claim 11, wherein R2 is PEGn, and wherein n is 1 to
10, preferably wherein n is 2 to 6, and more preferably wherein R3 is a -phenyl-tetrazine group, and wherein the tetrazine is optionally substituted with methyl.
15. The compound according to claim 14, wherein R2 is PEGn, and wherein n is 1 to
10, preferably wherein n is 2 to 6, and more preferably wherein R3 is a -phenyl-tetrazine group, and wherein the tetrazine is optionally substituted with methyl.
17. A method of preparing an antibody-mal eimide conjugate comprising: combining a monoclonal antibody (mAb) comprising at least one cysteine and a compound, or a salt thereof, according to any one of claims 1 to 16, to form a reaction mixture.
18. The method according to claim 17, wherein the cysteine is an engineered cysteine.
19. Use of a compound of formula:
or a salt thereof, to prepare a pharmaceutical formulation, wherein R1 is
R2 is selected from the group consisting of PEGn, a bond, and a peptide, or a combination thereof; n is 1 to 50; and
R3 is a -phenyl-tetrazine group, or a ligation group, wherein the tetrazine is optionally substituted with methyl, wherein the compound, or a salt thereof, is conjugated to a monoclonal antibody (mAb).
20. The use according to claim 19, wherein the cysteine is an engineered cysteine.
R2 is selected from the group consisting of PEGn, a bond, and a peptide, or a combination thereof;
n is 1 to 50;
R3 is a -phenyl-tetrazine group, or a ligation group, wherein the tetrazine is optionally substituted with methyl; mAb is a monoclonal antibody; and
S is a sulfur atom from a cysteine residue on the monoclonal antibody.
22. The conjugate of claim 21, wherein the cysteine is an engineered cysteine, preferably wherein R3 comprises a drug payload.
R2 is selected from the group consisting of PEGn, a bond, and a peptide, or a combination thereof; n is 1 to 50;
R3 is a -phenyl-tetrazine group, or a ligation group, wherein the tetrazine is optionally substituted with methyl; mAb is a monoclonal antibody; and
S is a sulfur atom from a cysteine residue on the monoclonal antibody.
24. The conjugate of claim 23, wherein the cysteine is an engineered cysteine, preferably wherein R3 comprises a drug payload.
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