WO2024087530A1 - 一种储能***荷电状态全电流均衡方法 - Google Patents

一种储能***荷电状态全电流均衡方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024087530A1
WO2024087530A1 PCT/CN2023/087535 CN2023087535W WO2024087530A1 WO 2024087530 A1 WO2024087530 A1 WO 2024087530A1 CN 2023087535 W CN2023087535 W CN 2023087535W WO 2024087530 A1 WO2024087530 A1 WO 2024087530A1
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Prior art keywords
battery
cluster
state
energy storage
storage system
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PCT/CN2023/087535
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
林卫星
左文平
张明露
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佛山和储能源科技有限公司
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Priority to US18/315,436 priority Critical patent/US11855465B1/en
Publication of WO2024087530A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024087530A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0031—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using battery or load disconnect circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention belongs to the technical field of electric energy storage, and more specifically, relates to a method for full current balancing of the state of charge of an energy storage system.
  • the battery system includes a battery stack and a battery management system BMS.
  • the battery stack is composed of twenty to fifty battery cells connected in series or in series and parallel to form a battery pack. Dozens of battery packs are connected in series to form a battery cluster, and several battery clusters are connected in parallel to form a battery stack.
  • the battery management system BMS is used to manage each battery cell in the battery stack so that the state of charge SOC of each battery cell is basically consistent to maintain a balanced state.
  • SOC balancing methods are mainly divided into passive balancing and active balancing.
  • passive balancing adopts the form of passive resistance consumption to discharge the high-voltage battery at the end of battery charging.
  • Its balancing current is about 0.1A, and the number of battery cells that can be balanced is generally 20 to 50 battery cells.
  • active balancing adopts the active control principle. Through the active control mechanism, the energy of the battery with high SOC is transferred to the battery with low SOC, thereby achieving SOC balancing.
  • Its balancing current is generally 0.5 to 5A, the cost is relatively high, and it is not suitable for SOC balancing of a long battery cluster composed of multiple battery cells connected in series.
  • the typical rated capacity of a battery cell in a current energy storage system is 280Ah, and the operating current of a battery cell is as high as 140A to 560A.
  • the existing passive balancing current is only 0.1A, which is 0.02% to 0.07% of the operating current of a battery cell
  • the existing active balancing current is 0.5A to 5A, which is 0.4% to 3.6% of the operating current of a battery cell. It can be seen that whether it is active balancing or passive balancing, its balancing capacity is far lower than the operating current of a battery cell.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for full current balancing of the state of charge of an energy storage system, which can effectively improve the state of charge (SOC) balancing capability of the energy storage system, greatly improve the safety of the energy storage system, and avoid series capacity loss, parallel capacity loss and parallel circulating current problems of the energy storage system.
  • SOC state of charge
  • the present invention provides a full current balancing method for the state of charge of an energy storage system, wherein the battery cluster in the energy storage system is formed by connecting the positive and negative electrodes of multiple battery modules in series in sequence, each battery module includes a battery pack and a half-bridge control circuit, and the half-bridge control circuit includes two fully controlled power electronic devices Q1 and Q2 connected in series, the high voltage end of the fully controlled power electronic device Q1 is connected to the positive electrode of the battery pack, the low voltage end of the fully controlled power electronic device Q1 is connected to the high voltage end of the fully controlled power electronic device Q2 to form the positive electrode of the battery module, and the low voltage end of the fully controlled power electronic device Q2 is connected to the negative electrode of the battery pack to form the negative electrode of the battery module, and the full current balancing method comprises the following steps:
  • the energy storage system state of charge full current balancing method has the following effects: (1) by connecting a half-bridge control circuit in parallel to the DC port of each battery pack in the energy storage system, the battery pack is switched on or off through the switching control of the half-bridge control circuit, thereby adjusting the charging or discharging time of the battery pack, and adjusting the state of charge SOC of the battery pack with the current of the battery cluster, which can greatly improve the balancing current between the battery packs of the energy storage system, thereby greatly avoiding the series capacity loss, parallel capacity loss and parallel circulation loss caused by the series and parallel connection of multiple battery cells in the energy storage system, and reducing the full life cycle cost of the energy storage system; (2 ) It can realize the direct series connection of multiple battery packs in a battery cluster without the problem of ineffective balancing after the number of battery cells in series exceeds a certain limit due to conventional passive balancing or active balancing methods.
  • the full current balancing method further comprises the following steps:
  • the average SOC of all battery packs in the battery stack is calculated. And the average SOC of all battery packs in each battery cluster;
  • the full current balancing method further includes:
  • each battery cluster in the energy storage system is further provided with N res redundant battery modules, the positive electrodes of each battery cluster are connected together via a bypass switch to form a positive busbar of the battery stack, and the negative electrodes of each battery cluster are connected together to form a negative busbar of the battery stack.
  • the full current balancing method further includes:
  • the number of the redundant battery modules is 5% to 8% of the rated number of battery modules of the battery cluster.
  • each battery cluster is connected in series through a DC inductor and the bypass switch and then connected together to form a positive electrode busbar of the battery stack.
  • the half-bridge control circuit also includes a passive balancing circuit, and the passive balancing circuit is used to achieve current balancing of each battery cell in the battery pack.
  • the half-bridge control circuit also includes an active balancing circuit, and the active balancing circuit is used to achieve current balancing of each battery cell in the battery pack.
  • the fully controlled power electronic devices Q1 and Q2 are each composed of one or more transistors and a diode anti-parallel to the transistor.
  • the transistor is a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor.
  • FIG1 is a topological diagram of a conventional passive equalization circuit
  • FIG2 is a topological diagram of a conventional active equalization circuit
  • FIG3 is a full current balancing topology diagram of a single battery cluster provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a method for full current balancing of a state of charge of an energy storage system provided by an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG5 is a block diagram of a battery cluster current closed-loop control provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG6 is a full current balancing topology diagram of multiple battery clusters connected in parallel according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a block diagram of SOC balancing control of multiple battery clusters provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG1 is a topological diagram of a traditional passive balancing circuit.
  • a discharge branch consisting of a resistor R and a switch S in series is connected in parallel at both ends of the battery cells B1 to Bn .
  • the discharge branch connected in parallel to the DC port of the battery cell will be turned on to release the charge of the battery cell, thereby balancing the charge of the battery cell to be consistent with other battery cells.
  • the current of the discharge branch is usually only about 100mA, so the balancing ability of the passive balancing method is very limited.
  • the rated capacity of battery cells in the field of lithium battery energy storage is typically 280Ah, and the rated working current is typically 140A.
  • the balancing current of the passive balancing method is only 100mA, which is far less than the rated operating current of the battery cell, so the balancing ability of the passive balancing method is very limited.
  • the charge states of different battery cells in the same battery cluster may be greatly different, resulting in a series capacity difference. There is a capacity loss problem.
  • SOC states of charge
  • FIG2 is a topological diagram of a conventional active balancing circuit.
  • the active balancing circuit includes a switch tube T1 and a transformer T having a primary coil C1 and secondary coils C21 to C2n .
  • the limit value typically 50 mV
  • the switch tube T1 is turned on, the coil C1 is charged, and the electric energy is stored on the coil C1.
  • T1 is turned off, the coils C21 to C2n induce an equal-amplitude reverse voltage.
  • the reverse voltage is rectified by the diode to charge the battery cells with a low voltage.
  • the reverse voltage does not charge the battery cells with a high voltage, thereby achieving the balance of the charge state of different battery cells in the battery module.
  • the balancing current of the active balancing method shown in FIG2 is 0.5A to 5A, which is 0.36% to 3.6% of the typical rated working current of the battery cells, and the balancing ability is still low.
  • the present invention provides a method for full current balancing of the state of charge of the energy storage system.
  • the battery cluster in the energy storage system is composed of a plurality of battery modules connected in series in positive and negative electrodes, each battery module includes a battery pack E and a half-bridge control circuit, and the half-bridge control circuit includes two fully controlled power electronic devices Q1 and Q2 connected in series and initially in an off state, the high voltage end of the fully controlled power electronic device Q1 is connected to the positive electrode of the battery pack, the low voltage end of the fully controlled power electronic device Q1 is connected to the high voltage end of the fully controlled power electronic device Q2 to form the positive electrode of the battery module, and the low voltage end of the fully controlled power electronic device Q2 is connected to the negative electrode of the battery pack to form the negative electrode of the battery module.
  • the fully controlled power electronic devices Q1 and Q2 both use one or more transistors and diodes connected in anti-parallel thereto,
  • a half-bridge control circuit consisting of a fully-controlled power electronic device Q1 and a fully-controlled power electronic device Q2 in series is connected in parallel to the DC port of each battery pack in the energy storage system.
  • the purpose is to realize the switching control of the battery pack through the switching control of the half-bridge control circuit, thereby adjusting the length of time the battery pack is charged or discharged, charging or discharging the battery pack with the current of the battery cluster, achieving SOC balance between battery packs in the battery cluster, and greatly improving the balancing current.
  • FIG4 is a flow chart of a method for balancing the full current of the state of charge of an energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG4 , the balancing method includes steps S10 and S20, which are described in detail as follows:
  • step S10 the SOC of each battery pack in each battery cluster may be sorted according to a cycle (eg, 10 seconds).
  • the SOC and port voltage of the battery pack may be obtained from parameter information monitored by the energy storage monitoring system EMS.
  • the charge and discharge status of the battery cluster can be determined according to the actual discharge current value I dis of the battery cluster detected by the energy storage monitoring system.
  • I dis is a negative value, it is determined that the battery cluster is in a charging state, and when I dis is a positive value, it is determined that the battery cluster is in a discharging state.
  • the fully controlled power electronic device Q1 in the N on battery modules before the SOC or port voltage ranking in the battery cluster is controlled to be turned on, so that the N on battery packs are in the put-in state, and the N on battery packs are charged, and the fully controlled power electronic device Q2 in the remaining battery modules in the battery cluster is controlled to be turned on, so that the remaining battery packs are in the cut-off state, that is, the remaining battery modules are neither charged nor discharged.
  • the fully-controlled power electronic device Q1 in the N on battery modules after the SOC or port voltage in the battery cluster is controlled to be turned on, so that the N on battery packs are in the put-in state, and the N on battery packs are discharged, and the fully-controlled power electronic devices Q2 in the remaining battery modules in the battery cluster are controlled to be turned on, so that the remaining battery packs are in the cut-off state, that is, the remaining battery modules are neither charged nor discharged.
  • I ord represents the current command value of the battery cluster, and its value can be obtained according to the energy storage monitoring system EMS in the energy storage system
  • I dis represents the measured value of the discharge current of the battery cluster. When I dis is a negative value, it indicates that the battery cluster is in a charging state, and when I dis is a positive value, it indicates that the battery cluster is in a discharging state
  • Kp + Ki/s represents a proportional integral (PI) controller, that is, after subtracting I ord from I dis , Vod is obtained after amplification and integral adjustment by the proportional integral controller.
  • PI proportional integral
  • the adjustment principle of the proportional coefficient Kp and the integral coefficient Ki in the proportional integral controller provided in this embodiment is to make the overshoot of I dis less than 5%, and the response time of I dis less than 10ms, which can be obtained by obtaining the initial value through simulation and then calibrating through experiments.
  • the balancing current between each battery pack is consistent with the working current of the battery pack, and the balancing current between each battery pack can reach the rated working current of the battery pack at most, which can effectively improve the balancing ability of the energy storage system.
  • the balancing current between battery packs is 100mA
  • the balancing current between battery packs is 0.5A ⁇ 5A.
  • the full current balancing method provided by the present invention can achieve an SOC balancing current of 140A between battery packs, which is 1400 times that of the traditional passive balancing method and 28 ⁇ 280 times that of the active balancing method. It can greatly increase the balancing current between battery packs, thereby greatly avoiding the series capacity loss, parallel capacity loss and parallel circulation loss caused by the series and parallel connection of multiple battery cells in the energy storage system, and reducing the full life cycle cost of the energy storage system.
  • the energy storage system state of charge full current balancing method has the following effects: (1) by connecting a half-bridge control circuit in parallel to the DC port of each battery pack in the energy storage system, the battery pack is switched on or off through the switching control of the half-bridge control circuit, thereby adjusting the charging or discharging time of the battery pack, and adjusting the state of charge SOC of the battery pack by the current of the battery cluster, which can greatly improve the balancing current between the battery packs of the energy storage system, thereby greatly avoiding the series capacity loss, parallel capacity loss and parallel circulation loss caused by the series and parallel connection of multiple battery cells in the energy storage system, and reducing the full life cycle cost of the energy storage system; ( 2) It can realize the direct series connection of multiple battery packs in a battery cluster without the problem of ineffective balancing after the number of battery cells in series exceeds a certain limit due to conventional passive balancing or active balancing methods.
  • the balancing method of each battery pack in each battery cluster in the battery stack is consistent with the above embodiment (as shown in FIG4 ), that is, when the battery cluster is working in a charging state, N on batteries with a relatively low SOC are put into use, and when the battery cluster is working in a discharging state, N on battery packs with a relatively high SOC are put into use, so as to achieve SOC balancing between the battery packs in any battery cluster.
  • the full current balancing method provided in this embodiment can also achieve SOC balancing between battery clusters.
  • the implementation principle is: when the battery stack is in a charging state, the charging current of the battery cluster with a lower average SOC value of the battery module is increased, and the charging current of the battery cluster with a higher average SOC value of the battery module is reduced, thereby achieving SOC balancing of each battery cluster in the battery stack during charging.
  • the discharge current of the battery cluster with a lower average SOC value of the battery module is reduced, and the discharge current of the battery cluster with a higher average SOC value of the battery module is increased, so as to achieve the balance of the SOC of each battery cluster in the battery stack during discharge.
  • the SOC balancing between the battery clusters is achieved as follows:
  • ⁇ I ord is a positive value, thereby reducing the current command of the kth battery cluster.
  • ⁇ I ord is a negative value, which increases the current command of the kth battery cluster. This achieves a balanced SOC of each battery cluster in the battery stack.
  • the proportional coefficient in the proportional controller provided in this embodiment is selected based on the principle that the time scale of the system response is on the order of 10 seconds, thereby achieving balance and avoiding frequent adjustments of the controller.
  • N res redundant battery modules may be further provided in each battery cluster in the energy storage system, and the number of redundant battery modules may preferably be 5% to 8% of the rated number of battery modules in the battery cluster, and the positive electrodes of each battery cluster are connected together through a bypass switch K to form a positive busbar of the battery stack, and the negative electrodes of each battery cluster are connected together to form a negative busbar of the battery stack, as shown in FIG6 .
  • the positive electrodes of each battery cluster may be connected in series through a DC inductor L and a bypass switch K to form a positive busbar of the battery stack, wherein the DC inductor L is used to filter the battery cluster current; and the bypass switch K is used to isolate the faulty battery cluster from the battery stack.
  • the parameter information detected by the battery management system BMS may be the temperature of the battery packs in each battery cluster.
  • the temperature parameter and/or the internal resistance parameter exceeds the corresponding threshold, it is determined that the battery pack is faulty.
  • step S60 when it is detected that a battery pack in a battery module fails due to abnormal temperature, abnormal internal resistance, etc., the faulty battery module is cut off from the main circuit of the battery cluster by turning on the fully controlled power electronic device Q2 of the battery module, and the battery cluster current still flows through the fully controlled power electronic device Q2 in the faulty battery module so that the battery cluster continues to operate. As long as the number of faulty battery modules in the battery cluster is less than or equal to N res , the battery cluster can continue to work.
  • this embodiment does not need to manually adjust the SOC of the replaced battery module.
  • the half-bridge control circuit in the new battery module is controlled by using the same full current balancing control principle as the aforementioned embodiment, so that the SOC of the replaced battery module can be quickly balanced with the SOC of the operating battery module, thereby realizing plug-and-play rapid operation and maintenance of the energy storage system.
  • the full current balancing method provided in this embodiment can also be used to achieve balancing of each battery cell in a battery pack.
  • a discharge branch in a traditional passive balancing circuit is connected in parallel to each battery cell in the battery pack (as shown in FIG. 1 ).
  • a traditional passive balancing method is adopted (for details, please refer to the detailed introduction of the traditional passive balancing method above), so that the balancing of each battery cell in the battery pack is achieved through passive balancing, and the full current balancing method provided in the above embodiment is used to achieve full current balancing between each battery pack and between each battery cluster.
  • traditional active balancing control can also be used, that is, in terms of hardware, a traditional active balancing circuit is adopted in the battery pack (as shown in FIG. 2 ), and in terms of control algorithm, a traditional active balancing method is adopted (for details, please refer to the detailed introduction of the traditional active balancing method above), so that the balancing of each battery cell in the battery pack is achieved through active balancing, and the full current balancing method provided in the above embodiment is used to achieve full current balancing between each battery pack and between each battery cluster.
  • the balancing circuit in each battery pack provided in this embodiment can be integrated into the half-bridge control circuit in each battery module, thereby simplifying the design of the energy storage system and reducing the cost, size and wiring workload of the energy storage system.
  • the full current balancing method provided in this embodiment can divide the state of charge (SOC) balancing of the energy storage system into three levels: balancing within a battery pack, balancing between battery packs, and balancing between battery clusters.
  • the balancing within the battery pack adopts traditional passive balancing or active balancing, and the full current balancing provided by the aforementioned embodiment is adopted between battery packs and between battery clusters.
  • the hierarchical balancing of the state of charge (SOC) balancing of the energy storage system can be realized, and the number of battery cells required for balancing by conventional passive balancing or conventional active balancing is reduced from 400 to 4000 to about 20, thereby reducing the cost of the battery management system in the energy storage system.

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  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及电力储能技术领域，公开了一种储能***荷电状态全电流均衡方法，每个电池包的直流输出端口并联一半桥控制电路构成电池模块，多个电池模块正负极依次串联构成储能***的电池簇，运行中，对每个电池模块的荷电状态进行排序，充电时优先投入荷电状态偏低的电池模块，放电时优先投入荷电状态偏高的电池模块，实现各电池簇内电池包荷电状态SOC的全电流均衡。多个电池簇并联构成电池堆后，增大荷电状态偏低的电池簇的电流，减小荷电状态偏高的电池簇的充电电流，实现电池簇间荷电状态SOC的均衡。本发明能有效提高储能***SOC均衡能力，大大提高储能***的安全性，避免储能***串联容量损失、并联容量损失及并联环流问题。

Description

一种储能***荷电状态全电流均衡方法 技术领域
本发明属于电力储能技术领域，更具体地，涉及一种储能***荷电状态全电流均衡方法。
背景技术
随着电力***中风力发电、光伏发电的比重将大规模上升，为了抵御大规模新能源发电带来的间歇性与波动性问题，电力储能成为未来电力***不可或缺的部分。
现有的电池储能***通常由电池***、储能变流器PCS和储能监控***EMS组成，其中，电池***包括电池堆和电池管理***BMS，电池堆是由二十～五十节电池单体串联或串并联而成电池包，数十个电池包串联而成电池簇，再由数个电池簇并联而成电池堆；电池管理***BMS则用于对电池堆的每个电池单体进行管理，使得各个电池单体的荷电状态SOC基本一致，维持均衡状态。
现有的SOC均衡方法主要分为被动均衡和主动均衡两种，其中，被动均衡采用被动电阻消耗的形式，在电池充电末端对电压高的电池进行放电，其均衡电流约为0.1A，其能均衡的电池单体数量一般为20～50节电池单体，一个电池簇内串联的电池单体数量增加后，被动均衡将无法实现各电池单体SOC的均衡；主动均衡则采用主动控制原理，通过主动控制机制，将SOC高的电池的能量传递到SOC低的电池，从而实现SOC的均衡，其均衡电流一般为0.5～5A，成本较高，且不适合由多个电池单体串联构成的长电池簇的SOC均衡。
当前储能***中电池单体的额定容量典型值为280Ah，电池单体工作电流高达140A～560A。然而现有被动均衡电流仅为0.1A，是电池单体工作电流的0.02％～0.07％，现有主动均衡电流为0.5A～5A，是电池单体工作电流的0.4％～3.6％。由此可见，无论是主动均衡还是被动均衡，其均衡能力均远远低于电池单体的工作电流，由于电池容量均衡能力不够，会导致一系列的电池容量串联容量损失、并联容量损失、并联环流问题，从而增大储能***全生命周期电池容量损失，运行能耗损失，降低储能***安全性。
发明内容
针对现有技术的缺陷，本发明的目的在于提供一种储能***荷电状态全电流均衡方法，能有效提高储能***荷电状态SOC均衡能力，大大提高储能***的安全性，避免储能***串联容量损失、并联容量损失及并联环流问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了一种储能***荷电状态全电流均衡方法，所述储能***中的电池簇由多个电池模块正负极依次串联而成，各电池模块均包括一电池包和一半桥控制电路，该半桥控制电路包括两个串联的全控型电力电子器件Q1和Q2，所述全控型电力电子器件Q1的高压端与电池包的正极相连，所述全控型电力电子器件Q1的低压端与全控型电力电子器件Q2的高压端相连构成电池模块的正极，所述全控型电力电子器件Q2的低压端与电池包的负极相连构成电池模块的负极，所述全电流均衡方法包括如下步骤：
(1)按周期获取各电池簇中所有电池包的荷电状态SOC或端口电压，将每个电池簇 内各电池包的荷电状态SOC或端口电压按从小到大进行排序；
(2)根据储能***中储能监控***监测到的状态信息确定电池簇充放电状态，当电池簇处于充电状态时，控制该电池簇中荷电状态SOC或端口电压排序前Non个电池模块中的全控型电力电子器件Q1导通，使Non个电池包处于投入状态，并控制该电池簇中其余电池模块中的全控型电力电子器件Q2导通，使其余电池包处于切除状态；当电池簇处于放电状态时，控制该电池簇中荷电状态SOC或端口电压排序后Non个电池模块中的全控型电力电子器件Q1导通，使Non个电池包处于投入状态，并控制该电池簇中其余电池模块中的全控型电力电子器件Q2导通，使其余电池包处于切除状态；
其中，Non的计算公式为：Non＝FLOOR(n)，n＝Vord/Vpackavg；式中，FLOOR表示向下取整函数；Vord表示电池簇输出电压指令值，该电池簇输出电压指令值是通过将该电池簇电流指令值Iord与该电池簇放电电流实测值Idis相减后，将差值经比例积分调节后得到；Vpackavg表示该电池簇内非故障状态的所有电池包的平均电压。
本发明提供的储能***荷电状态全电流均衡方法，具有如下效果：(1)通过在储能***每个电池包的直流端口并联一半桥控制电路，通过半桥控制电路的投切控制实现电池包的投入或切除，从而调节电池包充电或放电的时间，以电池簇的电流对电池包的荷电状态SOC进行调节，可大大提高储能***电池包之间的均衡电流，从而极大规避储能***多个电池单体串、并联导致的串联容量损失、并联容量损失及并联环流损耗问题，降低储能***全生命周期成本；(2)可实现一个电池簇内多个电池包的直接串联，而不会因常规被动均衡或主动均衡方法存在的串联电池单体数目超过一定限制后，无法有效均衡的问题，从而可方便地构建更高电压等级的电池簇，将单个电池簇的电压从现有的典型750V～1500V提高到3kV～10kV，从而方便提高单个电池簇的容量；(3)可实现多个电池簇在直流侧的直接并联而不产生并联环流及并联容量损失问题，从而可在直流侧通过并联电池簇，实现直流侧储能容量的便捷扩展。
进一步地，当所述储能***的电池堆由多个电池簇并联而成时，所述全电流均衡方法还包括如下步骤：
根据各电池簇中各电池包的荷电状态SOC，计算电池堆内所有电池包的SOC平均值及各电池簇内所有电池包的SOC平均值；
当第k个电池簇的SOC平均值与不一致时，将减去再将差值经过比例调节，得到该电池簇电流指令偏差量ΔIord，然后利用该ΔIord修正该电池簇电流指令值，从而实现电池堆内各电池簇荷电状态SOC的均衡。
进一步地，所述全电流均衡方法还包括：
控制电池簇中Non个电池包投入使用时，同时控制该电池簇中荷电状态SOC或端口电压处于排序中间的电池模块中的半桥控制电路工作的占空比D＝n－Non，从而将该电池簇放电电流实测值控制得与修正后的电池簇电流指令值一致。
进一步地，所述储能***中的每个电池簇中还设有Nres个冗余电池模块，各电池簇的正极经旁路开关连接在一起构成电池堆的正极母线，各电池簇的负极联接在一起构成电池堆的负极母线，所述全电流均衡方法还包括：
(a)根据储能***中电池管理***检测到的参数信息判断各电池簇中电池包是否发生故障；
(b)当一电池簇发生故障的电池包数量小于或等于Nres时，控制该故障电池包所在电池模块中的全控型电力电子器件Q2导通，将该故障电池包从电池簇主回路中切除；当一电池簇中发生故障的电池包数量大于Nres时，控制该电池簇中全控型电力电子器件Q1和Q2关断，并控制该电池簇主路上的旁路开关断开，将该电池簇从电池堆中切除。
进一步地，所述冗余电池模块的数量为电池簇额定电池模块数量的5％～8％。
进一步地，各电池簇的正极经直流电感和所述旁路开关串联后，连接在一起构成电池堆的正极母线。
进一步地，所述半桥控制电路还包括被动均衡电路，所述被动均衡电路用于实现电池包内各个电池单体的电流均衡。
进一步地，所述半桥控制电路还包括主动均衡电路，所述主动均衡电路用于实现电池包内各个电池单体的电流均衡。
进一步地，所述全控型电力电子器件Q1和Q2均采用1个或多个晶体管及与该晶体管反并联的二极管组成。
进一步地，所述晶体管采用金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管。
附图说明
图1是传统被动均衡电路的拓扑图；
图2是传统主动均衡电路的拓扑图；
图3是本发明一实施例提供的单个电池簇全电流均衡拓扑图；
图4是本发明一实施例提供的储能***荷电状态全电流均衡方法的流程图；
图5是本发明一实施例提供的电池簇电流闭环控制框图；
图6是本发明一实施例提供的多个电池簇并联全电流均衡拓扑图；
图7是本发明一实施例提供的多个电池簇SOC均衡控制框图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
图1是传统被动均衡电路的拓扑图，如图1所示，在电池单体B1～Bn的两端均并联一由电阻R与开关S串联的放电支路，当某个电池单体电压偏高或充电电量偏高时，该电池单体直流端口并联的放电支路将导通，释放该电池单体的电量，从而将该电池单体的电量均衡得与其他电池单体一致。为了降低放电支路的损耗，通常放电支路的电流仅有100mA左右，从而该被动均衡方法的均衡能力非常有限。目前锂电池储能领域电池单体的额定容量典型值为280Ah，额定工作电流典型值为140A，被动均衡方法的均衡电流仅为100mA，远远小于电池单体的额定运行电流，从而被动均衡方法的均衡能力非常有限。当一个储能***由数百节电池单体串联成电池簇，再由数个电池簇并联成电池堆后，由于被动均衡方法均衡能力有限，同一个电池簇内不同电池单体的荷电状态可能存在巨大差异，从而导致串联容 量损失问题。不同电池簇之间因为组成各电池簇的荷电状态SOC的差异，将存在电压差，进而导致电池簇之间产生环流，从而电池堆存在并联容量损失与并联环流问题。并联环流问题降低了储能***的效率，串联容量损失以及并联容量损失的问题降低了储能***可用容量，并加速了储能***容量的衰减。
图2是传统主动均衡电路的拓扑图，如图2所示，该主动均衡电路包括开关管T1和具有初级线圈C1和次级线圈C21～C2n的变压器T。当出现电池单体荷电状态不平衡时，即当监测到电池单体B1～Bn的最大和最小电压的压差超过限幅值时(典型值取为50mV)时，开通开关管T1，线圈C1被充电，线圈C1上存储电能，将T1关断时线圈C21～C2n上感应出幅值相等的反相电压，对于电压偏低的电池单体，该反相电压经二极管整流后，给电压偏低的电池单体充电，对于电压偏高的电池单体，由于二极管的反向截止特性，该反相电压不给电压偏高的电池单体充电，从而实现电池模块内不同电池单体的充电状态均衡。图2所示主动均衡方法的均衡电流为0.5A～5A，为电池单体典型额定工作电流的0.36％～3.6％，均衡能力仍然偏低。
为提高储能***SOC均衡能力，本发明提供的一种储能***荷电状态全电流均衡方法。其中，如图3所示，该储能***中的电池簇由多个电池模块正负极依次串联而成，各电池模块均包括一电池包E和一半桥控制电路，该半桥控制电路包括两个串联且初始为关断状态的全控型电力电子器件Q1和Q2，全控型电力电子器件Q1的高压端与电池包的正极相连，全控型电力电子器件Q1的低压端与全控型电力电子器件Q2的高压端相连构成电池模块的正极，全控型电力电子器件Q2的低压端与电池包的负极相连构成电池模块的负极。具体地，全控型电力电子器件Q1和Q2均采用1个或多个晶体管及与其反并联的二极管，该晶体管可优选采用金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管。
在本实施例中，在储能***中每个电池包的直流端口并联由全控型电力电子器件Q1及全控型电力电子器件Q2串联构成的半桥控制电路，是为了通过半桥控制电路的投切控制，实现电池包的投入或切除，从而调节电池包被充电或放电的时间长度，以电池簇的电流对电池包进行充电或放电，实现电池簇内电池包间SOC均衡的同时，大大提高均衡电流。
图4是本发明一实施例提供的储能***荷电状态全电流均衡方法的流程示意图，如图4所示，该均衡方法包括步骤S10和S20，详述如下：
S10，按周期获取各电池簇中所有电池包的荷电状态SOC或端口电压，将每个电池簇内各电池包的SOC或端口电压按从小到大进行排序。
在步骤S10中，可以按一个周期(例如10秒)对每个电池簇内的各电池包的SOC进行排序。电池包的SOC和端口电压可从储能监控***EMS监测到的参数信息中获取。
S20，根据储能***中储能监控***EMS监测到的状态信息确定电池簇充放电状态，具体是可根据储能监控***检测到的电池簇实测放电电流值Idis来判断电池簇的充放电状态，当Idis为负值时，则判断该电池簇处于充电状态，当Idis为正值时，则判断该电池簇处于放电状态。
当电池簇状态处于充电状态时，假设需要投入Non个电池包，则控制该电池簇中SOC或端口电压排序前Non个电池模块中的全控型电力电子器件Q1导通，使Non个电池包处于投入状态，该Non个电池包被充电，并控制该电池簇中其余电池模块中的全控型电力电子器件Q2导通，使其余电池包处于切除状态，即使得其余电池模块既不被充电也不被放电。当电池 簇状态处于放电状态时，假设需要投入Non个电池包，则控制该电池簇中SOC或端口电压排序后Non个电池模块中的全控型电力电子器件Q1导通，使Non个电池包处于投入状态，该Non个电池包被放电，并控制该电池簇中其余电池模块中的全控型电力电子器件Q2导通，使其余电池包处于切除状态，即使得其余电池模块既不被充电也不被放电。
具体地，如图5所示，Non的计算公式为：Non＝FLOOR(n)，n＝Vord/Vpackavg。式中，FLOOR表示向下取整函数；Vpackavg表示该电池簇内非故障状态的所有电池包的平均电压。
Vord表示电池簇输出电压指令值，Vord的计算公式为：Vord＝(Kp+Ki/s)(Iord－Idis)。式中，Iord表示电池簇电流指令值，其值可根据储能***中储能监控***EMS获取得到；Idis表示电池簇放电电流实测值，Idis为负值时，表明电池簇处于充电状态，Idis为正值时，表明电池簇处于放电状态；Kp+Ki/s表示比例积分(PI)控制器，即将Iord与Idis作差后，再经比例积分控制器的放大及积分调节后即得到Vord。其中，本实施例提供的比例积分控制器中的比例系数Kp及积分系数Ki的调节原则为使得Idis的超调量小于5％，Idis的响应时间小于10ms，可通过仿真后得到初始值后，再经实验校准而得。
采用上述SOC均衡方法后，各电池包间的均衡电流与电池包的工作电流一致，各电池包间的均衡电流最高可达到电池包的额定工作电流，可有效提高储能***均衡能力。以280Ah的电池单体工作在140A额定电流为例，传统被动均衡方法中，电池包之间的均衡电流为100mA，传统主动均衡方法中，电池包之间的均衡电流为0.5A～5A，本发明提供的全电流均衡方法，电池包间SOC均衡电流可达到140A，是传统被动均衡方法的1400倍，主动均衡方法的28～280倍，可大大提高电池包之间的均衡电流，从而可极大规避储能***多个电池单体串、并联导致的串联容量损失、并联容量损失及并联环流损耗问题，降低储能***全生命周期成本。
本实施例提供的储能***荷电状态全电流均衡方法，具有如下效果：(1)通过在储能***每个电池包的直流端口并联一半桥控制电路，通过半桥控制电路的投切控制实现电池包的投入或切除，从而调节电池包充电或放电的时间，以电池簇的电流对电池包的荷电状态SOC进行调节，可大大提高储能***电池包之间的均衡电流，从而极大规避储能***多个电池单体串、并联导致的串联容量损失、并联容量损失及并联环流损耗问题，降低储能***全生命周期成本；(2)可实现一个电池簇内多个电池包的直接串联，而不会因常规被动均衡或主动均衡方法存在的串联电池单体数目超过一定限制后，无法有效均衡的问题，从而可方便地构建更高电压等级的电池簇，将单个电池簇的电压从现有的典型750V～1500V提高到3kV～10kV，从而方便提高单个电池簇的容量；(3)可实现多个电池簇在直流侧的直接并联而不产生并联环流及并联容量损失问题，从而可在直流侧通过并联电池簇，实现直流侧储能容量的便捷扩展。
在一个实施例中，如图6所示，当储能***的电池堆由多个电池簇并联而成时，电池堆中每个电池簇内各电池包的均衡方法与上述实施例(如图4所示)一致，即当电池簇工作在充电状态时，将SOC偏低的Non个电池投入使用，当电池簇工作在在放电状态时，将SOC偏高的Non个电池包投入使用，实现任意一个电池簇内各电池包间SOC的均衡。
另外，本实施例提供的全电流均衡方法还可实现各电池簇间SOC均衡，其实现原理为：当电池堆处于充电状态时，增大电池模块SOC平均值偏低的电池簇的充电电流，减小电池模块SOC平均值偏高的电池簇的充电电流，从而实现充电时电池堆内各个电池簇SOC的均 衡；当电池堆处于放电状态时，减小电池模块SOC平均值偏低的电池簇的放电电流，增大电池模块SOC平均值偏高的电池簇的放电电流，从而实现放电时，电池堆内各个电池簇SOC的均衡。
具体地，如图7所示，各电池簇间SOC均衡的实现方式为：
S30，根据各电池簇中电池包的荷电状态SOC，计算电池堆内所有电池包的SOC平均值及各电池簇内所有电池包的SOC平均值。
S40，当第k个电池簇的SOC平均值与不一致时，将减去然后经过比例(KP1)控制器进行比例调节后，得到该电池簇电流指令偏差量ΔIord，然后利用该电池簇电流指令偏差量ΔIord与该电池簇电流指令值Iord相减，即Iord－ΔIord，以修正该电池簇电流指令值，从而实现电池堆内各电池簇SOC的均衡。即当高于表明第k个电池簇的SOC平均值低于电池堆的SOC平均值，按图7计算出来ΔIord为正值，从而减小第k个电池簇的电流指令当低于表明第k个电池簇的SOC平均值高于电池堆的SOC平均值，按图7计算出来ΔIord为负值，从而增大第k个电池簇的电流指令从而实现电池堆内各电池簇SOC的均衡。
其中，本实施例提供的比例控制器中的比例系数，其取值大小原则为使得***响应的时间尺度在10s量级，从而既实现均衡，又避免控制器频繁调整。
进一步地，为使各电池簇放电电流实测值控制得与修正后的该电池簇电流指令值一致，可将修正后的电池簇电流指令值与电池簇放电电流实测值相减后，将该差值经比例积分控制器得到电池簇输出电压指令值Vord，除以电池簇的平均电压Vpackavg后得到该电池簇需要投入的电池包数量n＝Vord/Vpackavg，然后将该电池簇中Non＝FLOOR(n)个电池包投入使用，并控制该电池簇中或端口电压处于排序中间的电池模块中的半桥控制电路工作的占空比D＝n－Non，例如排序号为1～21，选择排序为11的电池模块中的半桥控制电路工作在占空比为D＝n－Non的PWM模式，从而将电池簇放电电流实测值控制得与修正后的电池簇电流指令值一致。
在一个实施例中，储能***中的每个电池簇中还可设置Nres个冗余电池模块，冗余电池模块的数量可优选采用为电池簇额定电池模块数量的5％～8％，且各电池簇的正极经旁路开关K连接在一起构成电池堆的正极母线，各电池簇的负极联接在一起构成电池堆的负极母线，如图6所示。进一步地，各电池簇的正极可经直流电感L和旁路开关K串联后，连接在一起构成电池堆的正极母线，其中，直流电感L用于对电池簇电流进行滤波；旁路开关K用于将故障电池簇从电池堆中隔离。
本实施例提供的全电流均衡方法还包括如下步骤：
S50，根据储能***中电池管理***BMS检测到的参数信息判断各电池簇中电池包是否发生故障。
在步骤S50中，电池管理***BMS检测到的参数信息可以为各电池簇中电池包的温 度参数和内阻参数，当温度参数和/或内阻参数超过对应的阈值时，则判断该电池包故障。
S60，当一电池簇发生故障的电池包数量小于或等于Nres时，控制该故障电池包所在电池模块中的全控型电力电子器件Q2导通，将该故障电池包从电池簇主回路中切除；当一电池簇中发生故障的电池包数量大于Nres时，控制该电池簇中全控型电力电子器件Q1和Q2关断，并控制该电池簇主路上的旁路开关K断开，将该电池簇从电池堆中切除。
在步骤S60中，当检测到因温度异常、内阻异常等故障导致某个电池模块中的电池包故障时，通过导通该电池模块的全控型电力电子器件Q2将故障电池模块从电池簇主回路中切除，电池簇电流仍通过故障电池模块中的全控型电力电子器件Q2流通从而使电池簇维持继续运行，只要电池簇故障电池模块的数量小于等于Nres个，则电池簇可持续工作。当电池簇处于故障状态的电池模块数高于Nres时，则判定电池簇处于故障状态，通过闭锁该电池簇所有全控型电力电子器件从而阻断该电池簇的电流，而后将电池簇的旁路开关K打开，从而将故障电池簇从电池堆中切除。
在检修时，本实施例在利用新的电池模块替换处于故障状态的电池模块后，无需人工调节替换的电池模块的SOC，利用与前述实施例相同的全电流均衡控制原理控制新的电池模块中的半桥控制电路，即可快速实现替换的电池模块的SOC与在运行的电池模块SOC的均衡，从而实现储能***即插即用式快速运维。
在一个实施例中，本实施例提供的全电流均衡方法还可用于实现电池包内各个电池单体的均衡，硬件上，在电池包内各电池单体上并联传统被动均衡电路中的放电支路(如图1所示)，控制算法上，采用传统被动均衡方法(具体可参见前述对传统被动均衡方法的详细介绍)，从而通过被动均衡实现电池包内各个电池单体的均衡，通过前述实施例提供的全电流均衡方法实现各电池包间以及各电池簇间的全电流均衡。当然，还可采用传统主动均衡控制，即硬件上，在电池包内采用传统主动均衡电路(如图2所示)，控制算法上，采用传统主动均衡方法(具体可参见前述对传统主动均衡方法的详细介绍)，从而通过主动均衡实现电池包内各个电池单体的均衡，通过前述实施例提供的全电流均衡方法实现各电池包间以及各电池簇间的全电流均衡。
进一步地，可将本实施例提供的每个电池包内的均衡电路集成到每个电池模块中的半桥控制电路内，从而精简储能***设计，降低储能***成本、尺寸与接线工作量。
本实施例提供的全电流均衡方法，可将储能***的荷电状态SOC均衡划分为电池包内均衡、电池包间均衡与电池簇间均衡三个层级，电池包内均衡采用传统的被动均衡或主动均衡，电池包间以及电池簇间均采用前述实施例提供的全电流均衡，可实现储能***荷电状态均衡的分层分级，将常规被动均衡或常规主动均衡需要均衡的电池单体数量由400～4000节降低到约20节，从而降低储能***中电池管理***的成本。
本领域的技术人员容易理解，以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种储能***荷电状态全电流均衡方法，其特征在于，所述储能***中的电池簇由多个电池模块正负极依次串联而成，各电池模块均包括一电池包和一半桥控制电路，该半桥控制电路包括两个串联的全控型电力电子器件Q1和Q2，所述全控型电力电子器件Q1的高压端与电池包的正极相连，所述全控型电力电子器件Q1的低压端与全控型电力电子器件Q2的高压端相连构成电池模块的正极，所述全控型电力电子器件Q2的低压端与电池包的负极相连构成电池模块的负极，所述全电流均衡方法包括如下步骤：
    (1)按周期获取各电池簇中所有电池包的荷电状态SOC或端口电压，将每个电池簇内各电池包的荷电状态SOC或端口电压按从小到大进行排序；
    (2)根据储能***中储能监控***监测到的状态信息确定电池簇充放电状态，当电池簇处于充电状态时，控制该电池簇中荷电状态SOC或端口电压排序前Non个电池模块中的全控型电力电子器件Q1导通，使Non个电池包处于投入状态，并控制该电池簇中其余电池模块中的全控型电力电子器件Q2导通，使其余电池包处于切除状态；当电池簇处于放电状态时，控制该电池簇中荷电状态SOC或端口电压排序后Non个电池模块中的全控型电力电子器件Q1导通，使Non个电池包处于投入状态，并控制该电池簇中其余电池模块中的全控型电力电子器件Q2导通，使其余电池包处于切除状态；
    其中，Non的计算公式为：Non＝FLOOR(n)，n＝Vord/Vpackavg；式中，FLOOR表示向下取整函数；Vord表示电池簇的输出电压指令值，该电池簇的输出电压指令值是通过将该电池簇的电流指令值Iord与该电池簇的放电电流实测值Idis相减后，将差值经比例积分调节后得到；Vpackavg表示该电池簇内非故障状态的所有电池包的平均电压；
    当所述储能***的电池堆由多个电池簇并联而成时，所述全电流均衡方法还包括如下步骤：
    根据各电池簇中各电池包的荷电状态SOC，计算电池堆内所有电池包的SOC平均值及各电池簇内所有电池包的SOC平均值；
    当第k个电池簇的SOC平均值与不一致时，将减去再将差值经过比例调节，得到该电池簇的电流指令偏差量ΔIord，然后利用该电池簇的电流指令偏差量ΔIord修正该电池簇的电流指令值，从而实现电池堆内各电池簇荷电状态SOC的均衡。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的储能***荷电状态全电流均衡方法，其特征在于，所述全电流均衡方法还包括：
    控制电池簇中Non个电池包投入使用时，同时控制该电池簇中荷电状态SOC或端口电压处于排序中间的电池模块中的半桥控制电路工作的占空比D＝n－Non，从而将该电池簇放电电流实测值Idis控制得与修正后的电池簇电流指令值一致。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的储能***荷电状态全电流均衡方法，其特征在于，所述储能***中的每个电池簇中还设有Nres个冗余电池模块，各电池簇的正极经旁路开关连接在一起构成电池堆的正极母线，各电池簇的负极联接在一起构成电池堆的负极母线，所述全电流均衡方法还包括：
    (a)根据储能***中电池管理***检测到的参数信息判断各电池簇中电池包是否发生 故障；
    (b)当一电池簇发生故障的电池包数量小于或等于Nres时，控制该发生故障的电池包所在电池模块中的全控型电力电子器件Q2导通，将该发生故障的电池包从电池簇主回路中切除；当一电池簇中发生故障的电池包数量大于Nres时，控制该电池簇中全控型电力电子器件Q1和Q2关断，并控制该电池簇主路上的旁路开关断开，将该电池簇从电池堆中切除。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的储能***荷电状态全电流均衡方法，其特征在于，所述冗余电池模块的数量为电池簇额定电池模块数量的5％～8％。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的储能***荷电状态全电流均衡方法，其特征在于，各电池簇的正极经直流电感和所述旁路开关串联后，连接在一起构成电池堆的正极母线。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的储能***荷电状态全电流均衡方法，其特征在于，所述半桥控制电路还包括被动均衡电路，所述被动均衡电路用于实现电池包内各个电池单体的电流均衡。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的储能***荷电状态全电流均衡方法，其特征在于，所述半桥控制电路还包括主动均衡电路，所述主动均衡电路用于实现电池包内各个电池单体的电流均衡。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的储能***荷电状态全电流均衡方法，其特征在于，所述全控型电力电子器件Q1和Q2均采用1个或多个晶体管及与该晶体管反并联的二极管组成。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的储能***荷电状态全电流均衡方法，其特征在于，所述晶体管采用金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管。
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