WO2024055622A1 - 一种装配式反打预制件及其生产工艺 - Google Patents

一种装配式反打预制件及其生产工艺 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024055622A1
WO2024055622A1 PCT/CN2023/095196 CN2023095196W WO2024055622A1 WO 2024055622 A1 WO2024055622 A1 WO 2024055622A1 CN 2023095196 W CN2023095196 W CN 2023095196W WO 2024055622 A1 WO2024055622 A1 WO 2024055622A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cement
artificial stone
based artificial
beaten
reinforced concrete
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PCT/CN2023/095196
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
钟兵
Original Assignee
钟兵
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Publication of WO2024055622A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024055622A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
    • B28B23/02—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects wherein the elements are reinforcing members
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B19/00—Machines or methods for applying the material to surfaces to form a permanent layer thereon
    • B28B19/0015—Machines or methods for applying the material to surfaces to form a permanent layer thereon on multilayered articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B19/00—Machines or methods for applying the material to surfaces to form a permanent layer thereon
    • B28B19/0092—Machines or methods for applying the material to surfaces to form a permanent layer thereon to webs, sheets or the like, e.g. of paper, cardboard
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of construction technology, in particular to an assembled reverse-beaten prefabricated part and its production process.
  • Prefabricated buildings are the main trend in the future development of architecture.
  • the core of prefabricated buildings is composed of various prefabricated parts.
  • the existing prefabricated prefabricated parts that do not need to be decorated on the surface are mainly prefabricated parts made of stone and ceramic tiles.
  • the existing back-beating process methods are: 1. Stone back-beating is to make a hole in the back of a stone plate with a certain thickness (the stone thickness is generally more than 25mm), and then use a metal wire with a certain hardness to bend it into a shape with an end of 45 mm. °'s opposing anchors are hooked into the holes. In order to prevent the anchors from shaking, chemical glue is generally used to reinforce and fix them. The prepared counter-beaten stones are laid in the formwork and the seams between the boards are sealed.
  • the steel frame is laid and concrete Pouring to form reinforced concrete
  • the forming principle is: the reinforced concrete will bite the anchors hooked to the stone panels, thereby obtaining prefabricated parts with stone facings; 2.
  • the ceramic tiles are counter-cast, which is to make the ceramic tiles with tongue and groove on the back
  • the bricks are laid in the mold, and the joints between the bricks are sealed, and then the steel frame is laid and the concrete is poured.
  • the forming principle is: the reinforced concrete will engage the tongue and groove on the back of the ceramic tiles, thereby obtaining an assembled prefabricated part with a ceramic tile finish.
  • Existing prefabricated parts made of stone and ceramic tiles have the following problems: 1. They are not environmentally friendly. Stone mining and processing and ceramic tiles fired at high temperatures are not environmentally friendly products; 2.
  • the existing stone slabs and ceramic tiles are retrofitted with thermal insulation and sound insulation.
  • the stone slabs and ceramic tiles are first laid at the bottom of the formwork, and then a layer of concrete structure is poured.
  • the concrete must be cured and the stone slabs or ceramic tiles are snapped together before they can be placed on the formwork. Insulation materials must be laid on the surface of the solidified concrete before the next step of pouring the concrete structure can be carried out.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an assembled reverse-beaten prefabricated part and its production process to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a production process of assembled reverse-beaten prefabricated parts, the steps of which are as follows:
  • cement-based artificial stone slabs are prepared with cement and aggregate as the main raw materials and vibration as the basic slab-making technology. After curing and thickness determination, cement-based artificial stone slabs are formed. The front side of the cement-based artificial stone slabs The facing layer is formed by one of the methods of peeling, printing, adhesion, and wrapping. A nut is embedded on the back of the cement-based artificial stone plate. The nut is threadedly connected to one end of the anchoring connecting rod. The anchoring part is larger than the cross-sectional area of the anchoring connecting rod. In any geometric shape, the outer surface of the cement-based artificial stone plate can be covered with a protective film as needed;
  • Mold preparation Lay multiple cement-based artificial stone plates in the mold to form the required size, and seal the gaps between the plates.
  • the main body of the anchor connecting rod is located in the reinforced concrete.
  • the main body of the anchor connecting rod located in the reinforced concrete is provided with an anchoring part.
  • the anchoring part is an arbitrary geometric shape larger than the cross-sectional area of the anchored connecting rod.
  • the cement-based artificial stone plate is an ultra-high-performance artificial stone plate
  • the raw materials of the artificial stone plate are configured according to ultra-high-performance standards, and the plate-making technology is based on the basic technical means of vibration. It is prepared by increasing strong pressure and vacuuming as the main technical means.
  • the cement-based artificial stone plate is equipped with Equipped with mesh.
  • the anchor connecting rod is provided with a thermal insulation material layer or a sound insulation material layer or a composite material layer composed of a thermal insulation material layer and a sound insulation material layer.
  • a device for forming a long structural hole from a hard tube or a soft rod or a threaded sleeve that can be grouted can be provided in the metal skeleton as needed.
  • the end of the anchor connecting rod is threaded with the embedded nut as needed, and then the concrete is poured. After curing, reinforced concrete is formed, and the thread of the embedded nut is exposed. On the reinforced concrete back.
  • multiple embedded nuts are implanted as needed before concrete pouring or before the concrete is initially set.
  • the embedded nut is a two-way nut or a winged nut, and the thread of the embedded nut is not higher than the back of the reinforced concrete.
  • part of the laid metal skeleton is exposed as needed, and the reinforced concrete is formed after curing.
  • step 2 of back-beating production of S2 when pouring concrete in step 2 of back-beating production of S2, reserve a space for laying the thickness of the cement-based artificial stone plate, and then vibrate and level it as needed, and use the cement-based artificial stone prepared in step 1 of S1 production.
  • the cement-based artificial stone slabs are laid directly on top of the slabs by directly laying them or screwing them in series at the back, or by using facing suction cups.
  • the anchoring part and the anchoring connecting rod are an integral structure.
  • the cement-based artificial stone plate used for decoration of prefabricated parts of the present invention is made of cement-based material as the main material. It can adopt the highest ultra-high performance standard in the field of concrete as the preparation standard, and adopts the plate making methods of vibration, strong pressure and vacuuming. , can make the board stronger and denser, and when making the board, a full-page interconnected stainless steel mesh and nuts that can be connected externally are implanted. After the board is made, its surface adopts the same peeling principle as natural stone. , can form various finishing effects of natural stone. Therefore, artificial stone slabs can fully achieve the service life of natural stone for more than a hundred years.
  • ultra-high-performance cement-based artificial stone slabs can meet the highest standards of fire protection, waterproofing, and corrosion protection, and can effectively prevent alkali efflorescence and water seepage. Therefore, ultra-high-performance cement-based artificial stone panels can completely replace existing stone and ceramic tiles as the reverse facing of prefabricated parts, and can achieve richer finishing effects. Moreover, it can be used healthier and longer than existing decorative materials such as paint, ceramic tiles, stone, and wood. At the same time, it can also completely solve the common non-environmental protection and various performance defects of these materials.
  • the ultra-high-performance cement-based artificial stone slabs produced using ultra-high-performance standards, combined with the stainless steel mesh interconnected throughout the slab, can not only produce large-sized sheets, but also ensure that the ultra-high-performance cement-based artificial stone slabs can have It has extremely high bending resistance, tensile resistance and impact resistance, so it can fully withstand the impact and destructive force generated when pouring concrete.
  • the nut that is completely integrated with the artificial stone plate can have great screwing and mounting force, which can completely solve the problems of heavy weight, low hanging strength, and chemical problems that can only be connected to anchors by thick plate openings when the stone is reversed.
  • the glue is easy to age; and the back-laying of ceramic tiles can only rely on the special tongue and groove on the back to fully rely on the concrete bite, which leads to various defects such as low connection strength, easy water seepage in the concrete slab joints, and easy alkaline sanding. It is easy to loosen and fall off, causing major safety hazards.
  • the anchor connecting rods screwed and implanted on the back of the artificial stone plate can sandwich insulation materials and sound insulation materials of any material on the back of the plate. This function cannot be achieved by existing stone and ceramic tiles.
  • anchor connecting rods to screw-connect the double-way nuts, so that the screw holes of the nuts are located on the back of the reinforced concrete, or the wing-shaped nuts are implanted after the concrete is poured, or the concrete is poured after being connected to the metal skeleton, and the prefabricated parts are poured back.
  • the embedded nut is completely integrated with the entire prefabricated part. It can be easily and flexibly screwed into various connectors. It not only solves the installation problem of reverse-cast prefabricated parts, but also can be easily clamped with various thermal insulation and sound insulation materials. It can achieve thermal insulation, sound insulation and two-way decoration functions inside and outside.
  • the embedded nuts on the back of the counter-attacked prefabricated part can be connected or fixed to the metal frame in opposite directions or only within the frame or
  • the structural wall can be directly formed, which can replace the existing integral prefabricated walls and double-sided laminated wall panels, and can solve the weight of these prefabricated parts. It is large, difficult to install, and must carry out decoration, insulation and sound insulation construction. It can replace the existing laminated boards to form floor slabs, which can directly save the later construction of decoration, insulation and sound insulation. It can replace the existing steel, aluminum, wood and other formworks.
  • the reinforced concrete structure formed by back-beating the prefabricated parts can fully bear the expansion force generated when the concrete is poured.
  • the embedded nuts on the back of the prefabricated parts are screwed into the connector as long as they are covered by the poured concrete.
  • the poured building directly becomes a finished building with decoration, thermal insulation and sound insulation functions.
  • Various metal connectors are screwed in series on the back of the reverse-cast prefabricated parts, which can be directly assembled to form various integrated house structures with walls and roofs; when used as the enclosure system of the frame structure, the pre-embedded After the nuts are screwed into various connectors, they are directly locked on the frames formed by steel structures, reinforced concrete structures, wooden structures, etc., and can directly become the wall and roof enclosure systems of these structures.
  • This invention can use the highest technical standards of cement concrete to configure ultra-high-performance artificial stone plates. After adopting the existing plate-making methods of vibration, strong pressure, and vacuuming, which are extremely difficult to implement for making ultra-high-performance concrete, it can completely make cement-based artificial stone slabs. Stone slabs reach the performance limits of existing cement concrete. After being back-decorated, artificial stone plates that are all cement-based can be completely integrated with the reinforced concrete structure formed by cement, and can reach a minimum C100 or higher artificial stone plate. As existing prefabricated parts, they are mainly C30 and C40 reinforced concrete. The overall surface layer of the structure can completely block all kinds of erosion and damage caused by harmful substances such as ultraviolet rays and rainwater to the reinforced concrete structure. Therefore, the service life of a building assembled with prefabricated parts completely protected by ultra-high-performance cement-based artificial stone panels can be greatly improved compared to the existing prefabricated buildings protected by decorative materials such as ceramic tiles and paints.
  • the ultra-high-performance cement-based artificial stone plate of the present invention is mainly made of discarded natural stone processing leftovers, or miscellaneous stones and gravel that are widely present in nature and even affect crop growth, and industrial waste silica fume and mineral powder. , fly ash and other cement are combined with cement as cementing materials. The production does not require high-temperature firing and produces no chemical odor. The waste generated from processing can be reused or made into other building materials, so it can completely achieve the highest level of zero pollution and zero emissions. Environmental standards. Ultra-high performance cement-based artificial stone slabs that do not contain any harmful substances can meet the highest health requirements when used. After adding nanometers or surface nanometer treatment, they can also achieve sterilization, self-cleaning, Purifies the air and many other beneficial functions.
  • the invention uses ultra-high-performance cement-based artificial stone plates to replace prefabricated parts made of stone and ceramic tiles.
  • the assembled building can directly realize an efficient and energy-saving green building. Therefore, the present invention is an innovative technology that benefits the country and the people.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an assembled prefabricated component of composite thermal insulation materials and sound insulation materials in the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the present invention being used as a wall panel with facings on a building structure
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the present invention being used in construction as a thicker wall panel with facings
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a single-sided assembled floor prefabricated component in the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the present invention being used as a floor slab with facings on a building structure
  • Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a back-connectable single-sided assembled reverse-beaten prefabricated part in the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a back-connectable single-sided assembled reverse-beaten prefabricated component of composite thermal insulation material and sound insulation material in the present invention
  • Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the present invention being applied to a building frame structure as a back-connectable wall panel with facing;
  • Figure 10 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention applied to the roof
  • Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the present invention being applied to a shear wall as a back-connectable single-sided assembled reverse-beaten prefabricated component;
  • Figure 12 is a schematic structural diagram of another back-connectable single-sided assembled reverse-beaten prefabricated part in the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a back-connectable single-sided assembly-type reverse-beaten prefabricated component of another composite thermal insulation material and sound insulation material in the present invention
  • Figure 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a double-sided assembled wall panel prefabricated part in the present invention.
  • Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the present invention applied to a wall structure
  • Figure 16 is a schematic structural diagram of an assembled three-sided reverse-beaten beam prefabricated component in the present invention.
  • Figure 17 is a schematic structural diagram of another assembled three-sided beam prefabricated part in the present invention.
  • Figure 18 is a schematic structural diagram of a prefabricated column prefabricated on four sides in the present invention.
  • Figure 19 is a schematic diagram of the present invention applied to a cast-in-place frame structure
  • Figure 20 is an enlarged view of point A in Figure 19;
  • Figure 21 is an enlarged view of B in Figure 19;
  • Figure 22 is a schematic structural diagram of a prefabricated multi-sided wall panel with windows in the present invention.
  • Figure 23 is a schematic structural diagram of an assembled multi-faceted balcony prefabricated component in the present invention.
  • Figure 24 is a schematic structural diagram of an assembled multi-faceted corner prefabricated part in the present invention.
  • the prefabricated part is a single-sided reverse-beaten prefabricated part.
  • Cement-based artificial stone slab 1 is prepared with cement and aggregate as the main raw materials and vibration as the basic slab-making technology. After curing and thickness determination, cement-based artificial stone slab 1 is formed. Cement-based artificial stone slab The front side of 1 forms a facing layer through one of methods such as peeling, printing, adhesion, and wrapping; a nut 3 is embedded in the back of the cement-based artificial stone plate 1, and the nut 3 is threadedly connected to one end of the anchoring connecting rod 4, and the plate 1 The outer surface can be covered with a protective film as needed;
  • Mold preparation Prepare the mold of the required size, lay out multiple cement-based artificial stone plates 1 at the bottom, and seal the gaps between the plates.
  • the main body of the anchor connecting rod 4 is located in the reinforced concrete 8, and an anchoring portion 9 is provided on the main body of the anchored connecting rod 4 located in the reinforced concrete.
  • the anchoring portion 9 is an arbitrary geometric shape larger than the cross-sectional area of the anchored connecting rod 4.
  • the anchoring portion 9 can It is an integrated structure with the anchor connecting rod 4; after the reinforced concrete structure formed by pouring is completely solidified, the huge structural force formed by it will bite the anchor connecting rod 4, thereby completely fixing the cement-based artificial stone plate 1 and the reinforced concrete 8 become an interconnected whole, thereby obtaining assembled single-sided reverse-beaten prefabricated parts;
  • Prefabricated single-sided reverse-cast prefabricated parts can be prefabricated single-sided reverse-cast floor slabs, composite panels or wall panels;
  • the prefabricated single-sided reverse-beaten prefabricated parts are used as facing wall panels (as shown in Figure 3), they are transported to the construction site and hoisted on the building structure.
  • the upper and lower ends of the facing wall panels are A threaded sleeve 10 is provided, and is screwed and fixedly connected to the upper and lower parts of the frame structure 16 through metal connecting devices 13 in the shape of corners or straight strips, respectively, so that it can be applied to the building frame structure.
  • the grouting sleeve 14 is either made of a hard pipe or a soft rod. 12 sets of long structural holes extending to the outer surface of the reinforced concrete 8 are placed on the pre-embedded steel bars at the construction site, and some steel bars are implanted as needed, and then grouting or pouring concrete is completed. After solidification, the assembly and installation are completed.
  • the cement-based artificial stone plate 1 is an ultra-high-performance cement-based artificial stone plate.
  • Ultra-high-performance cement-based artificial stone panels are made of cement and aggregate as the main raw materials and are configured according to ultra-high-performance standards. The panel-making technology is based on the basic technical means of vibration, adding strong pressure and vacuuming as the main technical means.
  • an ultra-high-performance cement-based artificial stone plate is formed; the ultra-high-performance cement-based artificial stone plate is provided with a mesh 2, and the anchor connecting rod 4 is provided with a thermal insulation material layer 5 or a sound insulation material layer 6 or thermal insulation material.
  • a composite material layer composed of layer 5 and layer 6 of sound insulation material.
  • Embodiment 5 the difference from Embodiment 2 is that during counter-beating production, when pouring concrete, part of the laid metal skeleton 7 can be exposed as needed, and the reinforced concrete 8 will be formed after curing; the final assembled assembly
  • the prefabricated parts that are reverse-printed on one side can be prefabricated laminated panels and other prefabricated parts.
  • the embedded nut 11 is a two-way nut or a wing-shaped nut.
  • Cement-based artificial stone slab 1 is prepared with cement and aggregate as the main raw materials and vibration as the basic slab-making technology. After curing and thickness determination, cement-based artificial stone slab 1 is formed. Cement-based artificial stone slab The front side of 1 forms a facing layer through one of methods such as peeling, printing, adhesion, and wrapping; a nut 3 is embedded in the back of the cement-based artificial stone plate 1, and the nut is threadedly connected to one end of the anchor connecting rod 4.
  • the outer surface of the artificial stone plate 1 can be covered with a protective film as needed for later use;
  • Mold preparation Lay multiple cement-based artificial stone plates 1 in the mold to form the required size, and seal the gaps between the plates.
  • the threaded sleeve 10 can be threaded with a lifting ring to facilitate hoisting;
  • one end of the embedded nut 11 is threadedly connected to the other end of the anchor connecting rod 4, and the other end of the embedded nut 11 is sealed, and then the concrete is poured.
  • Multiple anchors can be implanted as needed before the concrete is initially set.
  • the embedded nut 11 is embedded to increase the density of the embedded nut 11.
  • the reinforced concrete 8 is formed, and the thread of the embedded nut 11 is located on the back of the reinforced concrete 8;
  • the main body of the anchor connecting rod 4 is located in the reinforced concrete 8. After the reinforced concrete structure formed by pouring is completely solidified, the huge structural force formed by it will engage the anchor connecting rod 4 and the embedded nut 11, thereby completely making the cement-based man-made structure The stone slab, reinforced concrete 8, and embedded nuts 11 are fixed into an interconnected whole, thereby obtaining a single-sided assembly-type reverse-beaten prefabricated part that can be connected at the back.
  • the thread of the nut 11 can be embedded in the back of the prefabricated part and the threaded end of the connector 13 can be threadedly connected.
  • the connector 13 is provided with any geometric figure larger than the cross-sectional area of its end; or the threaded end of the connector 13 is screwed after the prefabricated parts are hoisted on the side of the steel frame at the construction site, and the connector 13 is provided with insulation material.
  • the cement-based artificial stone plate 1 is an ultra-high-performance cement-based artificial stone plate
  • the embedded nut 11 is a double-way nut or a wing-shaped nut.
  • Ultra-high-performance cement-based artificial stone panels are made of cement and aggregate as the main raw materials, and are configured according to ultra-high-performance standards.
  • the panel-making technology adds strong pressure and vacuum as the main technical means to the basic technical means of vibration.
  • an ultra-high-performance cement-based artificial stone plate is formed.
  • the front side of the ultra-high-performance cement-based artificial stone plate forms a facing layer through one of peeling, printing, adhesion, wrapping, etc. methods;
  • the ultra-high performance cement-based artificial stone plate is provided with a mesh 2.
  • a nut 3 is embedded in the back of the ultra-high-performance cement-based artificial stone plate, and the nut 3 is threadedly connected to one end of the anchor connecting rod 4.
  • the outer surface of the ultra-high-performance cement-based artificial stone plate can be covered with a protective film for later use;
  • Mold preparation Lay multiple ultra-high-performance cement-based artificial stone plates in the mold to form the required size, and seal the gaps between the plates.
  • the main body of the anchor connecting rod 4 is located in the reinforced concrete 8.
  • the main body of the anchor connecting rod 4 is located in the reinforced concrete 8.
  • the main body of the anchor connecting rod 4 is provided with an anchoring part 9.
  • the anchoring part 9 is an arbitrary geometric shape larger than the cross-sectional area of the anchoring connecting rod 4.
  • the anchoring part 9 can be connected with
  • the anchor connecting rod 4 is an integrated structure; after the reinforced concrete structure formed by pouring is completely solidified, the huge structural force formed by it will bite the anchor connecting rod 4, its anchoring part 9 and the embedded nut 11, thereby completely making the super-high Performance
  • the cement-based artificial stone plate is fixed with reinforced concrete 8 and embedded nuts 11 to form an interconnected whole, thereby obtaining a multi-functional single-sided assembled reverse-cast prefabricated part that can be connected at the back.
  • the cement-based artificial stone plate 1 is an ultra-high-performance cement-based artificial stone plate.
  • Mold preparation Prepare the mold of the required size, lay multiple ultra-high-performance cement-based artificial stone plates at the bottom, and seal the gaps between the plates.
  • part of the metal skeleton When pouring concrete, part of the metal skeleton can be exposed on the side as needed, and ultra-high performance cement for laying the composite insulation material layer 5 or the sound insulation material layer 6 or the composite material layer composed of the insulation material layer 5 and the sound insulation material layer 6 is reserved. The space with the thickness of the base artificial stone plate is then vibrated and leveled as needed;
  • the main body of the anchor connecting rod 4 is located in the reinforced concrete 8, and an anchoring portion 9 is provided at the other end of the anchor connecting rod 4.
  • the anchoring portion 9 is of any geometric shape larger than the cross-sectional area of the anchor connecting rod 4.
  • the anchoring portion 9 can be connected to the anchor connecting rod 4. 4 is an integrated structure, and the seams between the boards are sealed at the same time;
  • the reinforced concrete 8 is obtained; the huge structural force formed by it will engage the anchor connecting rod 4 and its anchoring part 9 extending into the reinforced concrete, thereby completely making the super high Performance cement-based artificial stone slabs and reinforced concrete 8 solid Customized into an interconnected whole, resulting in an assembled reverse-beaten prefabricated part with double-sided decoration, thermal insulation, and sound insulation functions;
  • the double-sided reverse-beaten prefabricated laminated wall panels prepared in Example 4 are prefabricated.
  • the parts are transported to the construction site, and then through hoisting and comparison, 12 sets of full-length structural holes formed by hard pipes or soft rods extending to the outer surface of the reinforced concrete 8 are placed on the buried steel bars at the construction site, and then back-beaten on both sides.
  • a triangular support frame is provided on the outside of the prefabricated prefabricated composite wall panel, and some steel bars are implanted as needed, and finally grouting or concrete is poured to obtain a multifunctional prefabricated composite wall panel.
  • the cement-based artificial stone plate 1 is an ultra-high-performance cement-based artificial stone plate.
  • Mold preparation Prepare the mold of the required size, lay the ultra-high-performance cement-based artificial stone plates at the bottom, and seal the gaps between the plates.
  • the main body of the anchor connecting rod 4 is located in the reinforced concrete 8.
  • the main body of the anchor connecting rod 4 located in the reinforced concrete 8 is provided with an anchoring portion 9.
  • the anchoring portion 9 is an arbitrary geometric shape larger than the cross-sectional area of the anchored connecting rod 4.
  • the anchoring portion 9 can be It is an integrated structure with the anchor connecting rod 4;
  • Prefabricated counter-beaten prefabricated parts with three-sided decoration, thermal insulation, and sound insulation functions can be prefabricated three-sided counter-beaten beams or prefabricated three-sided counter-beaten wall panels;
  • part of the metal frame can be exposed as needed.
  • the cement-based artificial stone plate 1 is an ultra-high-performance cement-based artificial stone plate
  • the metal frame 7 is a steel frame.
  • Mold preparation Prepare the mold of the required size, lay the ultra-high-performance cement-based artificial stone plates at the bottom, and seal the gaps between the plates.
  • the main body of the anchor connecting rod 4 is located in the reinforced concrete 8.
  • the main body of the anchor connecting rod 4 located in the reinforced concrete 8 is provided with an anchoring portion 9.
  • the anchoring portion 9 is an arbitrary geometric shape larger than the cross-sectional area of the anchored connecting rod 4.
  • the anchoring portion 9 can be It is an integrated structure with the anchor connecting rod 4;
  • Prefabricated prefabricated reverse-beaten parts with four-sided decoration, thermal insulation, and sound insulation functions can be prefabricated four-sided reverse-beaten columns, beams, and other prefabricated parts.
  • the cement-based artificial stone plate 1 is an ultra-high-performance cement-based artificial stone plate
  • the metal frame 7 is a steel mesh or steel frame.
  • Mold preparation Prepare the mold of the required size, lay the ultra-high-performance cement-based artificial stone plates at the bottom, and seal the gaps between the plates.
  • ultra-high-performance cement-based artificial stone plates at the corners can also be connected in series through long steel bars. Specifically: place the long steel bars on the back of the ultra-high-performance cement-based artificial stone plates, and then connect them through anchor connecting rods 4 Pass the screw holes on the long steel bar and fix it on the back of the ultra-high performance cement-based artificial stone plate.
  • the long steel bar can be bent at a certain angle as needed to achieve different shapes and structures.
  • the main body of the anchor connecting rod 4 is located in the reinforced concrete 8.
  • the main body of the anchor connecting rod 4 located in the reinforced concrete 8 is provided with an anchoring portion 9.
  • the anchoring portion 9 is an arbitrary geometric shape larger than the cross-sectional area of the anchored connecting rod 4.
  • the anchoring portion 9 can be It is an integrated structure with the anchor connecting rod 4, and at the same time, the seams between the plates are sealed;
  • Prefabricated multi-sided counter-beaten prefabricated parts can be prefabricated multi-sided counter-beaten wall panels, balconies and other prefabricated parts with doors and windows.
  • the cement-based artificial stone plate 1 is an ultra-high-performance cement-based artificial stone plate
  • the metal frame 7 is a steel mesh or steel frame.
  • 2Mold preparation prepare a mold of the required size, lay the ultra-high performance cement-based artificial stone slabs flat on the bottom, and seal the seams between the slabs.
  • the skeleton 7 is provided with a long structural hole 12 formed by a hard tube or a soft rod, and pipelines are pre-embedded as needed;
  • the ultra-high-performance cement-based artificial stone plates with corners can also be connected in series through long steel bars.
  • the long steel bars are placed on the backs of multiple ultra-high-performance cement-based artificial stone plates, and then connected through anchor connecting rods 4 Pass the screw hole on the long steel bar and fix it on the back of the ultra-high performance cement-based artificial stone plate.
  • the long steel bar can be bent at a certain angle as needed to achieve different shapes and structures;
  • the main body of the anchor connecting rod 4 is located in the reinforced concrete 8.
  • the main body of the anchor connecting rod 4 located in the reinforced concrete 8 is provided with an anchoring portion 9.
  • the anchoring portion 9 is an arbitrary geometric shape larger than the cross-sectional area of the anchored connecting rod 4.
  • the anchoring portion 9 can be It is an integrated structure with the anchor connecting rod 4, and at the same time, the seams between the plates are sealed;
  • Prefabricated multi-sided reverse-beaten prefabricated parts can be prefabricated multi-sided reverse-beaten corner wall panels, balconies and other prefabricated parts.

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Abstract

一种装配式反打预制件及其生产工艺，包括多块带饰面的水泥基人造石板材，水泥基人造石板材背部埋设有螺母，所述螺母与锚固连接杆的一端螺纹连接，在水泥基人造石板材背部浇筑有钢筋砼，所述锚固连接杆的主***于钢筋砼内，所述位于钢筋砼内的锚固连接杆的主体上设有锚固部。本发明完全能替代现有石材、瓷砖作为装配式预制件的反打饰面，并能实现更丰富的饰面效果。而且能比涂料、瓷砖、石材、木材等现有装饰材料使用更健康长久，同时还能彻底解决这些材料普遍存在的不环保及各种性能的缺陷。

Description

一种装配式反打预制件及其生产工艺 技术领域
本发明涉及建筑技术领域，尤其是一种装配式反打预制件及其生产工艺。
背景技术
装配式建筑属于建筑未来发展的主要趋势，装配式建筑的核心是由各种预制件组成，现有装配式预制件表面可不需装饰的主要为石材、瓷砖反打制作的预制件。现有反打工艺的方法为：1.石材反打，是将具有一定厚度的石材板(石材厚度一般在25mm以上)背部开孔，然后用有一定硬度的金属丝弯折成端部为45°的对向锚固件勾挂在孔内，为防止锚固件晃动一般采用化学胶加固固定，将准备好的反打石材铺放在模板内并封堵板缝，最后铺放钢筋骨架并进行混凝土浇筑形成钢筋砼，其成型原理是：钢筋砼会将勾挂石材板的锚固件咬合，从而得到带石材饰面的装配式预制件；2.瓷砖反打，是将背部开设有榫槽的瓷砖铺放在模具内，并封堵好砖缝，然后铺放钢筋骨架并浇筑混凝土，其成型原理是：钢筋砼会将瓷砖背部的榫槽咬合，从而得到带瓷砖饰面的装配式预制件。现有石材、瓷砖反打形成的预制件存在以下问题：1.不环保，石材开采加工、瓷砖高温烧制均属于不环保产品；2.安全性差，厚重的石材开孔只能用金属丝勾挂锚固，会存在挂装强度低、化学胶加固易老化降解的问题，因此抗震性差易产生脱落的重大安全隐患；瓷砖完全依赖背部榫槽与混凝土产生的咬合力固定，在室外墙体瓷砖之间必然存在的众多缝隙，会面临雨雪、紫外线 等有害物质的侵蚀破坏，因此必然会导致混凝土泛碱老化，从而导致混凝土失去咬合力，同时瓷砖和混凝土之间因温差产生不同程度的涨缩，还会产生更多裂缝，这些因素的叠加都会导致瓷砖出现松动脱落，从而出现重大安全隐患；3.制作效率低，实施多面多角度的反打和多面多角度的保温隔音难度更大。现有石材板、瓷砖实施具有保温隔音的反打，是先将石材板、瓷砖铺设在模板底部，再浇筑一层混凝土结构，并且混凝土必须经过养护，并将石材板或瓷砖咬合后，才能在凝固的混凝土表面铺设保温材料，才能再进行下一步的混凝土结构的浇筑，因此，必需多次浇筑、多次养护才能形成具有保温隔音功能的反打预制件，不但制作效率低，而且受石材、瓷砖自身的结构缺陷，现只能反打制作结构较为简单的预制件，形状较为复杂的柱、梁、窗等预制件的多面多角度反打和多面多角度保温隔音更加难以实施；4.现有预制件不能实现装饰的饰面部位，只能在装配后重新采用涂料、瓷砖、石材等进行装饰，而这些材料普遍达不到绿色建材的基本标准，有的甚至完全违背绿色建材理念，同时保温、隔音的实施均存在安装难度大、安全性差等各种问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种装配式反打预制件及其生产工艺，以解决上述背景技术中提出的问题。
本发明采用的技术方案是：一种装配式反打预制件的生产工艺，其步骤如下：
S1.制作准备
①板材准备：水泥基人造石板材是以水泥、骨料为主要原料，以振动为基本制板技术手段制备的，经过养护、定厚后形成水泥基人造石板材，水泥基人造石板材的正面通过剥离、涂印、粘连、裹覆方式中的一种形成饰面层，水泥基人造石板材背部埋设有螺母，螺母与锚固连接杆的一端螺纹连接，锚固部为大于锚固连接杆截面积的任意几何形状，水泥基人造石板材外表面根据需要覆保护膜备用；
②模具准备：将多块水泥基人造石板材平铺在模具内，组成需要的尺寸，并将板材之间的板缝封堵处理。
S2.反打制作
①在铺放好水泥基人造石板材的模具内铺放金属骨架，而后在金属骨架侧部设置带螺纹的套筒；
②浇筑混凝土时，根据需要振捣、找平，养护后形成钢筋砼；
③锚固连接杆主***于钢筋砼内，位于钢筋砼内的锚固连接杆主体上设有锚固部，锚固部为大于锚固连接杆截面积的任意几何形状，浇筑形成的钢筋混凝土结构完全凝固后，其所形成的极大结构力即会将锚固连接杆及其锚固部咬合，从而完全使水泥基人造石板材和钢筋砼固定成为一个互连的整体，从而得到装配式反打预制件。
作为优选，所述S1制作准备步骤①中，当水泥基人造石板材为超高性能人造石板材时，人造石板材原料按超高性能标准配置，其制板技术在振动的基本技术手段上，增加强压、抽真空为主要技术手段制备的。
作为优选，所述S1制作准备步骤①中，水泥基人造石板材中设 置有网片。
作为优选，所述S1制作准备步骤①中，锚固连接杆上穿设有保温材料层或隔音材料层或保温材料层和隔音材料层构成的复合材料层。
作为优选，所述S2反打制作步骤①中，可根据需要在金属骨架中设置由硬质管或软体棒形成通长结构孔的装置或螺纹连接可注浆的套筒。
作为优选，所述S2反打制作步骤②中，在浇筑混凝土前，根据需要在锚固连接杆端部与预埋螺母螺纹连接，而后浇筑混凝土，养护后形成钢筋砼，预埋螺母的螺口暴露在钢筋砼的背部。
作为优选，所述S2反打制作步骤②中，在混凝土浇筑前或混凝土初凝前根据需要植入多个预埋螺母。
作为优选，所述预埋螺母为双通螺母或带翼状的螺母，所述预埋螺母的螺口不高于钢筋砼的背部。
作为优选，所述S2反打制作步骤②中浇筑混凝土时，铺放的金属骨架根据需要露出部分金属骨架，养护后形成钢筋砼。
作为优选，所述S2反打制作步骤②中浇筑混凝土时，预留铺放水泥基人造石板材厚度的空间，而后根据需要振捣、找平，将S1制作准备①中制备好的水泥基人造石板材通过直接铺放或背部螺合串连或采用饰面吸盘的方式，直接将水泥基人造石板材平铺在其上。
作为优选，所述S2反打制作步骤③中，所述锚固部与锚固连接杆为一体结构。
本发明用于预制件装饰的水泥基人造石板材是以水泥基为主要材料制作而成，可采用混凝土领域最高标准的超高性能为配制标准，通过采用振动、强压、抽真空的制板方法，能使板材强度更高、密实度更好，并且在制作板材时植入整版互连的不锈钢网片和可以外挂连接的螺母，板材制作好后，其表面采用天然石材完全相同的剥离原理，能形成天然石材的各种饰面效果，因此，人造石板材能完全达到天然石材百年以上的使用寿命。人造石板材作为基材板时，表面可通过包裹、粘贴、涂印等处理方法实现任意材质的任意饰面效果。超高性能水泥基人造石板材自身所具有的优异性能能达到最高的防火、防水、防蚀标准，能有效的防止泛碱、渗水。因此超高性能水泥基人造石板材完全能替代现有石材、瓷砖作为装配式预制件的反打饰面，并能实现更丰富的饰面效果。而且能比涂料、瓷砖、石材、木材等现有装饰材料使用更健康长久，同时还能彻底解决这些材料普遍存在的不环保及各种性能的缺陷。
采用超高性能标准制作的超高性能水泥基人造石板材，结合板材中整版互连的不锈钢网片，不但能制作大规格的薄板，同时也能确保超高性能水泥基人造石板材能具有极高的抗折、抗拉、抗冲击性能，从而完全能承受浇筑混凝土时所产生的冲击力和破坏力。完全与人造石板材融为一体的螺母能具有极大的螺合挂装力，从而能彻底解决石材反打只能用厚板开孔连接锚固件所存在的重量大、挂装强度低、化学胶易老化；以及瓷砖反打只能背部特制榫槽完全依赖混凝土咬合，所存在的连接强度低、混凝土板缝易渗水、易泛碱沙化等各种缺陷导 致的易松动、易脱落的重大安全隐患。人造石板材背部螺合植入的锚固连接杆，能将任意材质的保温材料和隔音材料夹合在板材背部，这种功能是现有石材、瓷砖反打无法实现的。我们同时还在锚固连接杆端部设置大于锚固连接杆截面积的任意几何形状的锚固部，在制作单面反打预制件时，我们将其铺放在预制件的模具内后，直接铺放金属骨架并浇筑混凝土，凝固后的混凝土会将锚固连接杆端部的锚固部完全包裹，钢筋混凝土结构强大的裹覆力及大于锚固部的设置，能使锚固连接杆产生极大的连接力，因此完全与锚固连接杆互连的板材会和混凝土结构相互串连成为一个整体，从而使预制件的单面，轻松的反打实现保温、隔音、装饰三位一体功能，并能具有极高的安全性。我们依据上述原理，在反打制作需要多面装饰的梁、柱、窗等预制件时，可将夹合保温隔音材料的板材直接铺放在模具的底部和侧面或通过长钢条结合锚固连接杆将板材螺合串连后铺放，从而能轻松的完成多面的反打装饰及多面的保温、隔音功能。在预制件的浇筑面，现有石材、瓷砖极难实施装饰，我们将超高性能水泥基人造石板材通过锚固连接杆夹合保温、隔音材料后，通过直接铺放或背部螺合串连或采用饰面吸盘的方式，直接将超高性能水泥基人造石板材铺放在浇筑的混凝土表面，混凝土凝固后会完全将延伸在钢筋砼中并有大于直径锚固部设置的锚固连接杆咬合，从而使我们实现了预制件的全方位的装饰及保温、隔音功能。人造石板材背部的螺合优势产生的强大挂装力、锚固连接杆端部大于其横截面的设置产生的强大连接力、物理夹合轻松实现的保温隔音功能，这些优势是现有石材打孔、瓷砖设置榫槽所 无法实现的。
同时我们采用锚固连接杆螺合连接双通螺母，使螺母的螺孔位于钢筋砼的背部，或带翼状的螺母在混凝土浇筑后植入，或与金属骨架连接后浇筑混凝土，在反打预制件制作好后，与整个预制件完全成为一个整体的预埋螺母，能轻松灵活的螺合各种连接件，不但能解决反打预制件的安装难题，还能夹合各种保温隔音材料后轻松的实现保温隔音及内外双向装饰功能。在作为装配式预制件时，将反打预制件背部的预埋螺母通过螺合各种连接件和穿设保温隔音材料后，可对向连接或固定在金属骨架上或只位于骨架的内或外，通过浇筑混凝土将预埋螺母内的连接件裹覆并凝固后，即可直接形成结构墙体，从而可替代现有整体预制墙和双面叠合墙板，并能解决这些预制件重量大、安装难度大、必须进行装饰保温隔音施工等难题；可替代现有叠合板浇筑形成楼板，能直接省去后期的装饰、保温、隔音的施工；在替代现有钢、铝、木等模板现浇时，反打形成预制件的钢筋砼结构，完全能承载浇筑混凝土时所产生的膨胀力，预制件背部的预埋螺母螺合的连接件只要被浇筑的混凝土裹覆，即能使现浇的建筑直接成为具有装饰、保温、隔音功能的成品建筑。在反打预制件背部通过螺合串连各种金属连接件，可直接装配形成具有墙面屋面的各种集成房屋结构；在作为框架结构的围护***时，将反打预制件的预埋螺母通过螺合各种连接件后，直接锁合在钢结构、钢筋混凝土结构、木结构等形成的框架上，即可直接成为这些结构的墙面、屋面围护***，不但直接实现了结构、装饰、保温、隔音的多种功能，还能解决现有围护***金 属易氧化锈蚀、不环保；各种轻质砌块墙板形成的墙体以及现有瓦面所存在的强度低、性能差；以及必须进行各种装饰、保温、隔音施工所存在的多种缺陷。反打预制件的各种优异性能和螺合连接的优势功能，还能用于各种军事营房、箱变、岗亭等，并能承受各种严酷的环境。
本发明能采用水泥混凝土最高技术标准配置超高性能的人造石板材，在采用现有制作超高性能混凝土极难实施的振动、强压、抽真空的制板方法后，完全能使水泥基的人造石板材达到现有水泥混凝土的性能极限。均为水泥基的人造石板材反打装饰后，能与由水泥基形成的钢筋混凝土结构完全成为一个整体，能达到最低C100以上人造石板材，在作为现有主要为C30、C40钢筋混凝土预制件结构的整体表面层后，能完全阻隔紫外线、雨水等各种有害物质对钢筋混凝土结构造成的各种侵蚀和破坏。因此，完全被超高性能水泥基人造石板材保护的预制件所装配的建筑，能比现有采用瓷砖、涂料等装饰材料保护的装配式建筑，使用寿命能得到极大的提高。
本发明的超高性能水泥基人造石板材是以废弃的天然石材加工下脚料，或者自然界广泛存在的甚至会影响作物生长的杂石、碎石为主要材料，以工业废弃物硅灰、矿粉、粉煤灰等结合水泥为胶凝材料，生产不需高温烧制、无化学气味产生、加工产生的废弃物可重新使用，或制成其它建材，因而完全能达到零污染、零排放的最高环保标准。不含任何有害物质的超高性能水泥基人造石板材，在使用时能达到最高的健康要求，在添加纳米或表面纳米处理后，还能实现杀菌、自洁、 净化空气等多种有益功能。所具有的超高强度和超高耐久性能，还能超过绿色建材最高要求的高强度和高耐久性标准，板材拆除后可重新处理成全新的饰面板材，也可破碎后重新加工成新的产品，因此所有环节均能达到绿色建材的最高标准。本发明采用超高性能水泥基人造石板材替代石材、瓷砖反打制作的预制件，装配后的建筑能直接实现高效节能的绿色建筑。因此本发明是一项利国利民的创新技术。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图；
图2为本发明中复合保温材料、隔音材料的装配式预制件的结构示意图；
图3为本发明作为带饰面的墙板应用于建筑结构上的示意图；
图4为本发明作为厚度较大带饰面的墙板应用于建筑上的示意图；
图5为本发明中一种单面装配式的楼板预制件结构示意图；
图6为本发明作为带饰面的楼板应用于建筑结构上的示意图；
图7为本发明中一种可背部连接的单面装配式反打预制件结构示意图；
图8为本发明中一种复合保温材料、隔音材料的可背部连接的单面装配式反打预制件结构示意图；
图9为本发明作为可背部连接的带饰面的墙板应用于建筑框架结构上的示意图；
图10为本发明应用于屋面的结构示意图；
图11为本发明作为可背部连接的单面装配式反打预制件应用于剪力墙的示意图；
图12为本发明中另一种可背部连接的单面装配式反打预制件结构示意图；
图13为本发明中另一种复合保温材料、隔音材料的可背部连接的单面装配式反打预制件结构示意图；
图14为本发明中一种双面装配式的墙板预制件结构示意图；
图15为本发明应用在墙体结构的示意图；
图16为本发明中一种装配式三面反打的梁预制件结构示意图；
图17为本发明中另一种装配式三面反打的梁预制件结构示意图；
图18为本发明中一种装配式四面反打的柱预制件结构示意图；
图19为本发明应用于现浇框架结构的示意图；
图20为图19中A处放大图；
图21为图19中B处放大图；
图22为本发明中一种装配式多面反打的带窗的墙板预制件结构示意图；
图23为本发明中一种装配式多面反打的阳台预制件结构示意图；
图24为本发明中一种装配式多面反打的转角预制件结构示意图。
图中：1-水泥基人造石板材；2-网片；3-螺母；4-锚固连接杆； 5-保温材料层；6-隔音材料层；7-金属骨架；8-钢筋砼；9-锚固部；10-带螺纹的套筒11-预埋螺母；12-通长结构孔；13-金属连接装置；14-套筒；16-框架结构；17-方钢或槽钢；18-屋面骨架；19-固定件；20-三角支撑架；21-满堂脚手架。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
由图1可知，预制件为单面反打预制件时。
S1.制作准备
①板材准备：水泥基人造石板材1是以水泥、骨料为主要原料，以振动为基本制板技术手段制备的，经过养护、定厚后形成水泥基人造石板材1，水泥基人造石板材1的正面通过剥离、涂印、粘连、裹覆等方式中的一种形成饰面层；水泥基人造石板材1背部埋设有螺母3，螺母3与锚固连接杆4的一端螺纹连接，板材1外表面根据需要可覆保护膜备用；
②模具准备：准备要求尺寸的模具，在底部将多块水泥基人造石板材1平铺，并将板材之间的板缝封堵处理。
S2.反打制作
①在铺放好水泥基人造石板材1的模具内铺放金属骨架7，在金属骨架7侧部设置带螺纹的套筒10；
②浇筑混凝土时，根据需要振捣、找平，养护后形成钢筋砼8；
③锚固连接杆4主***于钢筋砼8内，在位于钢筋砼内的锚固连接杆4主体上设有锚固部9，锚固部9为大于锚固连接杆4截面积的任意几何形状，锚固部9可与锚固连接杆4为一体结构；浇筑形成的钢筋混凝土结构完全凝固后，其所形成的极大结构力即会将锚固连接杆4咬合，从而完全使水泥基人造石板材1和钢筋砼8固定成为一个互连的整体，从而得到装配式单面反打的预制件；
④装配式单面反打的预制件可为装配式单面反打的楼板、叠合板或墙板等预制件；
⑤当装配式单面反打的预制件作为带饰面的墙板(如图3所示)时，将其运输至施工现场并吊装在建筑结构上，带饰面的墙板上、下端均设置有带螺纹的套筒10，并通过螺合转角状或直条状等形状的金属连接装置13分别与框架结构16的上部、下部螺合固定连接，从而将其应用在建筑框架结构上。
⑥当预制件作为厚度较大带饰面单面反打的预制件墙板(如图4所示)时，通过吊装比对，将可注浆的套筒14或者由硬质管或软体棒等形成延伸至钢筋砼8外表面的通长结构孔12套放在施工现场预埋钢筋上，并根据需要植入部分钢筋，然后注浆或浇筑混凝土，凝固后完成装配安装。
实施例2
由图2可知，与实施例1不同的是：在板材准备中，水泥基人造石板材1为超高性能水泥基人造石板材。超高性能水泥基人造石板材是以水泥、骨料为主要原料，按超高性能标准配置，其制板技术在振动的基本技术手段上，增加强压、抽真空为主要技术手段制备的，经过养护、定厚后形成超高性能水泥基人造石板材；超高性能水泥基人造石板材中设置有网片2，锚固连接杆4上穿设有保温材料层5或隔音材料层6或保温材料层5和隔音材料层6构成的复合材料层。
实施例3
由图5可知，与实施例2不同的是：在反打制作中，在浇筑混凝土时，铺放的金属骨架7可根据需要露出部分金属骨架，养护后形成钢筋砼8；最后得到的装配式单面反打的预制件可为装配式叠合板等预制件。
由图6可知，当预制件作为带饰面的楼板时，将其运输至施工现场，通过吊装铺设在满堂脚手架顶部，其金属骨架露出的部分可穿置钢筋，穿置的钢筋可绑扎在剪力墙的钢筋骨架上或梁柱的钢筋骨架上；还可通过螺合转角状或直条状等形状的金属连接装置13与框架结构上部连接；最后注浆固定，从而得到多功能的楼板结构。
实施例4
由图7可知，预制件为单面反打预制件时，预埋螺母11为双通螺母或带翼状的螺母。
S1.制作准备
①板材准备：水泥基人造石板材1是以水泥、骨料为主要原料，以振动为基本制板技术手段制备的，经过养护、定厚后形成水泥基人造石板材1，水泥基人造石板材1的正面通过剥离、涂印、粘连、裹覆等方式中的一种形成饰面层；水泥基人造石板材1的背部埋设有螺母3，螺母与锚固连接杆4的一端螺纹连接，水泥基人造石板材1外表面可根据需要覆保护膜备用；
②模具准备：将多块水泥基人造石板材1平铺在模具内，组成需要的尺寸，并将板材之间的板缝封堵处理。
S2.反打制作
①在铺放好水泥基人造石板材1的模具内铺放钢筋7，而后在钢筋7的侧部设置带螺纹的套筒10，带螺纹的套筒10可与吊环螺纹连接，方便吊装；
②在浇筑混凝土前，预埋螺母11的一端与锚固连接杆4另一端螺纹连接，预埋螺母11的另一端做封堵处理，而后浇筑混凝土，在混凝土初凝前根据需要可植入多个预埋螺母11，以增加预埋螺母11的密度，养护后形成钢筋砼8，预埋螺母11的螺口位于钢筋砼8的背面；
③锚固连接杆4主***于钢筋砼8内，浇筑形成的钢筋混凝土结构完全凝固后，其所形成的极大结构力即会将锚固连接杆4和预埋螺母11咬合，从而完全使水泥基人造石板材和钢筋砼8、预埋螺母11固定成为一个互连的整体，从而得到可背部连接的单面装配式反打预制件。
④由图9可知，当预制件作为带饰面的墙板时，将其运输至施工现场并吊装在建筑结构上，带饰面的墙板背部的预埋螺母11螺口与连接件13的螺纹端螺合连接，连接件13的主体与框架结构16的上、中、下部固定连接，连接件13为一端带螺纹的连接杆，可与方钢、槽钢17等进行螺合连接，从而将其应用在建筑框架结构上。带饰面的墙板与框架结构16之间可设有保温材料层5或隔音材料层6或保温材料层5和隔音材料层6构成的复合材料层；还可在其之间的空腔内可填充发泡水泥等。
⑤由图10可知，当预制件应用在屋面时，将可背部连接的多功能单面装配式反打预制件吊装至屋面的骨架上，通过连接件13的螺纹端穿过转角状或直条状等形状的固定件19，将预制件依次螺合固定在屋面骨架18上，从而将其应用在钢结构的屋面上。
实施例5
由图8可知，与实施例4不同的是：在板材准备中，锚固连接杆4上穿设有保温材料层5或隔音材料层6或保温材料层5和隔音材料层6构成的复合材料层。
由图11可知，当可背部连接的多功能单面装配式反打预制件应用在剪力墙时，可在预制件背部预埋螺母11的螺口与连接件13的螺纹端螺合连接，连接件13上设有大于其端部截面积的任意几何图形；或者在预制件分别吊装在施工现场钢筋骨架的侧部后螺合连接件13的螺纹端，连接件13上穿设有保温材料层5或隔音材料层6或保温材料层5和隔音材料层6构成的复合材料层，然后在预制件的外侧设 置三角支撑架加固，防止倾斜；还可在预制件的底端设置转角连接件加固，最后在两对向设置带饰面的墙板之间浇筑钢筋混凝土，连接件13的主***于钢筋混凝土内，凝固的钢筋混凝土将两预制件及连接件13咬合后，即得到具有装饰、保温、隔音功能的剪力墙或墙体现浇结构，或者得到替代模板并免去装饰、保温、隔音的现浇剪力墙。
实施例6
由图12可知，预制件为单面反打预制件时，水泥基人造石板材1为超高性能水泥基人造石板材，预埋螺母11为双通螺母或带翼状的螺母。
S1.制作准备
①板材准备：超高性能水泥基人造石板材是以水泥、骨料为主要原料，按超高性能标准配置，其制板技术在振动的基本技术手段上，增加强压、抽真空为主要技术手段制备的，经过养护、定厚后形成超高性能水泥基人造石板材，超高性能水泥基人造石板材的正面通过剥离、涂印、粘连、裹覆等方式中的一种形成饰面层；超高性能水泥基人造石板材中设置有网片2。超高性能水泥基人造石板材的背部埋设有螺母3，螺母3与锚固连接杆4的一端螺纹连接，超高性能水泥基人造石板材外表面可覆保护膜备用；
②模具准备：将多块超高性能水泥基人造石板材平铺在模具内，组成需要的尺寸，并将板材之间的板缝封堵处理。
S2.反打制作
①在铺放好超高性能水泥基人造石板材的模具内铺放钢筋7，而后在钢筋7的侧部设置带螺纹的套筒10；
②在浇筑混凝土前，将带翼状的螺母与钢筋7连接，带翼状的螺母螺口做封堵处理，而后浇筑混凝土，在混凝土初凝前根据需要植入多个带翼状的螺母，以增加带翼状的螺母密度，养护后形成钢筋砼8，带翼状的螺母螺口位于钢筋砼8的背面；
③锚固连接杆4主***于钢筋砼8内，位于钢筋砼8内锚固连接杆4主体上设有锚固部9，锚固部9为大于锚固连接杆4截面积的任意几何形状，锚固部9可与锚固连接杆4为一体结构；浇筑形成的钢筋混凝土结构完全凝固后，其所形成的极大结构力即会将锚固连接杆4及其锚固部9以及预埋螺母11咬合，从而完全使超高性能水泥基人造石板材和钢筋砼8、预埋螺母11固定成为一个互连的整体，从而得到可背部连接的多功能单面装配式反打预制件。
实施例7
由图13可知，与实施例6不同的是：在板材准备中，锚固连接杆4上穿设有保温材料层5或隔音材料层6或保温材料层5和隔音材料层6构成的复合材料层。
实施例8
由图14可知，预制件为双面装配式反打预制件时，水泥基人造石板材1为超高性能水泥基人造石板材。
S1.制作准备
①板材准备：同实施例2；
②模具准备：准备要求尺寸的模具，在底部将多块超高性能水泥基人造石板材平铺，并将板材之间的板缝封堵处理。
S2.正反打制作
①在铺放好超高性能水泥基人造石板材的模具内铺放金属骨架7，在金属骨架7侧部设置带螺纹的套筒10，还可在金属骨架7中设置由硬质管或软体棒等形成的通长结构孔12，同时根据需要预埋管线；
②浇筑混凝土时，根据需要其侧面可露出部分金属骨架，并预留铺放复合保温材料层5或隔音材料层6或保温材料层5和隔音材料层6构成的复合材料层的超高性能水泥基人造石板材厚度的空间，而后根据需要振捣、找平；
③将S1制作准备①中制备好的复合保温材料层5或隔音材料层6或保温材料层5和隔音材料层6构成的复合材料层的的超高性能水泥基人造石板材，通过直接铺放或背部螺合串连或采用饰面吸盘的方式，直接将超高性能水泥基人造石板材平铺在其上，正打形成饰面；
④使锚固连接杆4主***于钢筋砼8内，在锚固连接杆4另一端设有锚固部9，锚固部9为大于锚固连接杆4截面积的任意几何形状，锚固部9可与锚固连接杆4为一体结构，同时将板材之间的板缝封堵处理；
⑤待浇筑形成的钢筋混凝土结构完全凝固后，得到钢筋砼8；其所形成的极大结构力即会将延伸至钢筋砼内的锚固连接杆4及其锚固部9咬合，从而完全使超高性能水泥基人造石板材和钢筋砼8固 定成为一个互连的整体，从而得到具有双面装饰、保温、隔音功能的装配式反打预制件；
⑥具有双面装饰、保温、隔音功能的装配式反打预制件应用在墙体结构(由图15可知)上时，将实施例4制备好的双面反打的装配式叠合墙板预制件运输至施工现场，然后通过吊装比对，将由硬质管或软体棒等形成延伸至钢筋砼8外表面的通长结构孔12套放在施工现场埋钢筋上，然后在双面反打的装配式叠合墙板预制件外侧设置三角支撑架加固，并根据需要植入部分钢筋，最后注浆或浇筑混凝土，从而得到多功能的装配式叠合墙板。
实施例9
由图16-17可知预制件为三面反打预制件时，水泥基人造石板材1为超高性能水泥基人造石板材。
S1.制作准备
①板材准备：同实施例2；
②模具准备：准备要求尺寸的模具，在底部将超高性能水泥基人造石板材平铺，并将板材之间的板缝封堵处理。
S2.反打制作
①在模具内平铺超高性能水泥基人造石板材上的铺放金属骨架7，在金属骨架7侧部设置带螺纹的套筒10，同时根据需要预埋管线；
②将导角的水泥基人造石板1从模具的内侧面***铺放，并在水泥基人造石板1与金属骨架7之间放置水泥垫块，防止水泥基人造石板内倾；
③浇筑混凝土时，并根据需要振捣、找平，养护后形成钢筋砼8；
④锚固连接杆4主***于钢筋砼8内，位于钢筋砼8内的锚固连接杆4主体上设有锚固部9，锚固部9为大于锚固连接杆4截面积的任意几何形状，锚固部9可与锚固连接杆4为一体结构；
⑤待浇筑形成的钢筋混凝土结构完全凝固后，其所形成的极大结构力即会将延伸至钢筋砼8内的锚固连接杆4及其锚固部9咬合，从而完全使超高性能水泥基人造石板材和钢筋砼8固定成为一个互连的整体，从而得到具有三面装饰、保温、隔音功能的装配式反打预制件；
⑥具有三面装饰、保温、隔音功能的装配式反打预制件可为装配式三面反打的梁或装配式三面反打的墙板等预制件；
⑦装配式三面反打的梁预制件如为预制承重梁，根据需要可露出部分金属骨架。
实施例10
由图18可知，预制件为四面反打预制件时，水泥基人造石板材1为超高性能水泥基人造石板材，金属骨架7为钢筋骨架。
S1.制作准备
①板材准备：同实施例2；
②模具准备：准备要求尺寸的模具，在底部将超高性能水泥基人造石板材平铺，并将板材之间的板缝封堵处理。
S2.正反打制作
①在模具内平铺超高性能水泥基人造石板材，再将导角的水泥基人造石板1从模具的内侧***铺放，而后再铺放钢筋骨架，并在水泥基人造石板1与钢筋骨架之间放置水泥垫块，防止水泥基人造石板1内倾；
②在钢筋骨架侧部设置带螺纹的套筒10，还可根据需要在钢筋骨架中设置由硬质管或软体棒等形成的通长结构孔12，而后根据需要可露出部分钢筋网片及根据需要预埋管线；
③浇筑混凝土时，预留铺放复合保温材料层5或隔音材料层6或保温材料层5和隔音材料层6构成的复合材料层的超高性能水泥基人造石板材厚度的空间，而后根据需要振捣、找平；最后将S1制作准备①中制备好的复合保温材料层5或隔音材料层6或保温材料层5和隔音材料层6构成的复合材料层的的超高性能水泥基人造石板材，通过直接铺放或背部螺合串连或采用饰面吸盘的方式，直接将超高性能水泥基人造石板材平铺在其上，正打形成饰面，养护后，初步形成四面带装饰、保温、隔音的预制件；
④锚固连接杆4主***于钢筋砼8内，位于钢筋砼8内的锚固连接杆4主体上设有锚固部9，锚固部9为大于锚固连接杆4截面积的任意几何形状，锚固部9可与锚固连接杆4为一体结构；
⑤待浇筑形成的钢筋混凝土结构完全凝固后，其所形成的极大结构力即会将延伸至钢筋砼8内的锚固连接杆4及其锚固部9咬合，从而完全使超高性能水泥基人造石板材和钢筋砼8固定成为一个互连的整体，从而得到具有四面装饰、保温、隔音功能的装配式反打预制件；
⑥具有四面装饰、保温、隔音功能的装配式反打预制件可为装配式四面反打的柱、梁等预制件。
⑦由图19-21可知，预制件应用在现浇框架结构时，将制备好的预制件(柱、梁等)运输至施工现场，而后根据现场施工放线首先将柱预制件吊装在预定位置，其底部可通过设置的带螺纹的套筒10与钢筋螺合后，再与现场钢筋绑扎围合后注浆固定；或还可通过在由硬质管或软体棒等形成延伸至钢筋砼8外表面的通长结构孔12内穿置钢筋后注浆固定；而后将梁预制件吊装在两柱预制件之间，梁预制件两端分别与柱预制件顶部露出的钢筋骨架绑扎，在绑扎处后浇筑混凝土最后得到现浇框架结构。
实施例11
由图22-23可知，预制件为多面装配式反打预制件时，水泥基人造石板材1为超高性能水泥基人造石板材，金属骨架7为钢筋网片或钢筋骨架。
S1.制作准备
①板材准备：同实施例2；
②模具准备：准备要求尺寸的模具，在底部将超高性能水泥基人造石板材平铺，并将板材之间的板缝封堵处理。
S2.正反打制作
①在模具内平铺超高性能水泥基人造石板材，再将导角的水泥基人造石板1从模具的内侧***铺放，而后再铺放金属骨架7，并在水泥基人造石板1与金属骨架7之间放置水泥垫块，防止水泥基人造石板1内倾；
②在钢筋骨架侧部设置带螺纹的套筒10，还可根据需要在钢筋骨架中设置由硬质管或软体棒等形成的通长结构孔12，而后根据需要可露出部分钢筋网片及根据需要预埋管线；
③还可将导角的多块超高性能水泥基人造石板材通过长钢条串连，具体而言：将长钢条放置在超高性能水泥基人造石板材背部，再通过锚固连接杆4穿过长钢条上螺孔将其固定在超高性能水泥基人造石板材背部，其中长钢条可根据需要弯折一定的角度，实现不同的造型结构。
④浇筑混凝土时，预留铺放复合保温材料层5或隔音材料层6或保温材料层5和隔音材料层6构成的复合材料层的超高性能水泥基人造石板材厚度的空间，而后根据需要振捣、找平；最后将S1制作准备①中制备好的复合保温材料层5或隔音材料层6或保温材料层5和隔音材料层6构成的复合材料层的的超高性能水泥基人造石板材，通过直接铺放或背部螺合串连或采用饰面吸盘的方式，直接将超高性能水泥基人造石板材平铺在其上，正打形成饰面；
⑤锚固连接杆4主***于钢筋砼8内，位于钢筋砼8内的锚固连接杆4主体上设有锚固部9，锚固部9为大于锚固连接杆4截面积的任意几何形状，锚固部9可与锚固连接杆4为一体结构，同时将板材之间的板缝封堵处理；
⑥待浇筑形成的钢筋混凝土结构完全凝固后，得到钢筋砼8；其所形成的极大结构力即会将延伸至钢筋砼8内的锚固连接杆4及其锚固部9咬合，从而完全使超高性能水泥基人造石板材和钢筋砼8固定成为一个互连的整体，从而得到装配式多面反打预制件；
⑦装配式多面反打预制件可为装配式多面反打的带门窗的墙板、阳台等预制件。
实施例12
由图24可知，预制件为多面装配式反打预制件时，水泥基人造石板材1为超高性能水泥基人造石板材，金属骨架7为钢筋网片或钢筋骨架。
S1.制作准备
①板材准备：同实施例2；
②模具准备：准备要求尺寸的模具，在底部将超高性能水泥基人造石板材平铺，并将板材之间的板缝封堵处理。
S2.正反打制作
①在模具内平铺超高性能水泥基人造石板材上的铺放金属骨架7，在金属骨架7侧部设置带螺纹的套筒10，还可根据需要在金属 骨架7中设置由硬质管或软体棒等形成的通长结构孔12，同时根据需要预埋管线；
②将导角的水泥基人造石板1从模具的内侧***铺放，并在超高性能水泥基人造石板材与金属骨架7之间放置水泥垫块，防止水泥基人造石板内倾；
③还可将导角的超高性能水泥基人造石板材通过长钢条串连，具体而言：将长钢条放置在多块超高性能水泥基人造石板材背部，再通过锚固连接杆4穿过长钢条上螺孔将其固定在超高性能水泥基人造石板材背部，其中长钢条可根据需要弯折一定的角度，实现不同的造型结构；
④浇筑混凝土时，预留铺放复合保温材料5、隔音材料6中的一种或多种组合的超高性能水泥基人造石板材厚度的空间，而后根据需要振捣、找平；最后将S1制作准备①中制备好的复合保温材料层5或隔音材料层6或保温材料层5和隔音材料层6构成的复合材料层的的超高性能水泥基人造石板材，通过直接铺放或背部螺合串连或采用饰面吸盘的方式，直接将超高性能水泥基人造石板材平铺在其上，正打形成饰面；
⑤锚固连接杆4主***于钢筋砼8内，位于钢筋砼8内的锚固连接杆4主体上设有锚固部9，锚固部9为大于锚固连接杆4截面积的任意几何形状，锚固部9可与锚固连接杆4为一体结构，同时将板材之间的板缝封堵处理；
⑥待浇筑形成的钢筋混凝土结构完全凝固后，得到钢筋砼8；其所形成的极大结构力即会将延伸至钢筋砼8内的锚固连接杆4及其锚固部9咬合，从而完全使超高性能水泥基人造石板材和钢筋砼8固定成为一个互连的整体；
⑦而后将其翻转一定角度，重复上述步骤，从而得到装配式多面反打预制件；
⑧装配式多面反打预制件可为装配式多面反打的转角墙板、阳台等预制件。
对于本领域技术人员而言，显然本发明不限于上述示范性实施例的细节，而且在不背离本发明的精神或基本特征的情况下，能够以其他的具体形式实现本发明。因此，无论从哪一点来看，均应将实施例看作是示范性的，而且是非限制性的，本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定，因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化囊括在本发明内。不应将权利要求中的任何附图标记视为限制所涉及的权利要求。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种装配式反打预制件的生产工艺，其特征在于包括如下步骤：
    S1.制作准备
    板材准备：水泥基人造石板材(1)是以水泥、骨料为主要原料，以振动为基本制板技术手段制备的，经过养护、定厚后形成水泥基人造石板材(1)，水泥基人造石板材(1)的正面通过剥离、涂印、粘连、裹覆方式中的一种形成饰面层，水泥基人造石板材(1)背部埋设有螺母(3)，螺母(3)与锚固连接杆(4)的一端螺纹连接，水泥基人造石板材(1)外表面根据需要覆保护膜备用。
    模具准备：将多块水泥基人造石板材(1)平铺在模具内，组成需要的尺寸，并将板材之间的板缝封堵处理。
    S2.反打制作
    ①在铺放好水泥基人造石板材(1)的模具内铺放金属骨架(7)，而后在金属骨架(7)侧部设置带螺纹的套筒(10)；
    ②浇筑混凝土时，根据需要振捣、找平，养护后形成钢筋砼(8)；
    ③锚固连接杆(4)主***于钢筋砼(8)内，位于钢筋砼(8)内的锚固连接杆(4)主体上设有锚固部(9),锚固部(9)为大于锚固连接杆(4)截面积的任意几何形状，浇筑形成的钢筋混凝土结构完全凝固后，其所形成的极大结构力即会将锚固连接杆(4)及其锚固部(9)咬合，从而完全使水泥基人造石板材和钢筋砼(8)固定成为一个互连的整体，从而得到装配式反打预制件。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种装配式反打预制件的生产工艺，其特征在于：所述S1制作准备步骤①中，当水泥基人造石板材(1)为超 高性能人造石板材时，人造石板材原料按超高性能标准配置，其制板技术在振动的基本技术手段上，增加强压、抽真空为主要技术手段制备的。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种装配式反打预制件的生产工艺，其特征在于：所述S1制作准备步骤①中锚固连接杆(4)上穿设有保温材料层(5)或隔音材料层(6)或保温材料层(5)和隔音材料层(6)构成的复合材料层。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种装配式反打预制件的生产工艺，其特征在于：所述S2反打制作步骤①中可根据需要在金属骨架(7)中设置通长结构孔(12)或可注浆的套筒(14)。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种装配式反打预制件的生产工艺，其特征在于：所述S2反打制作步骤②中在浇筑混凝土前，根据需要在锚固连接杆(4)端部与预埋螺母(11)螺纹连接，而后浇筑混凝土，养护后形成钢筋砼(8)，预埋螺母(11)的螺口位于钢筋砼(8)的背面。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种装配式反打预制件的生产工艺，其特征在于：所述S2反打制作步骤②中在混凝土浇筑前或混凝土初凝前根据需要植入多个预埋螺母(11)。
  7. 根据权利要求5或6所述的一种装配式反打预制件的生产工艺，其特征在于：所述预埋螺母(11)为双通螺母或带翼状的螺母。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种装配式反打预制件的生产工艺，其特征在于：所述S2反打制作步骤②中浇筑混凝土时，铺放的金属骨架 (7)根据需要露出部分金属骨架，养护后形成钢筋砼(8)。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的一种装配式反打预制件的生产工艺，其特征在于：所述S2反打制作步骤②中浇筑混凝土时，预留铺放水泥基人造石板材(1)厚度的空间，而后根据需要振捣、找平，将S1制作准备①中制备好的水泥基人造石板材(1)通过直接铺放或背部螺合串连或采用饰面吸盘的方式，直接将水泥基人造石板材(1)平铺在其上。
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WO2022166145A1 (zh) * 2021-02-06 2022-08-11 钟兵 一种安装方便的印制饰面人造石板材
WO2022166146A1 (zh) * 2021-02-06 2022-08-11 钟兵 一种安装方便的复合板
CN115534095A (zh) * 2022-09-13 2022-12-30 钟兵 一种装配式反打预制件及其生产工艺

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