WO2024046138A1 - 实现通信感知一体化的无线基带处理方法及装置 - Google Patents
实现通信感知一体化的无线基带处理方法及装置 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W72/00—Local resource management
- H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
- H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
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- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/005—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission adapting radio receivers, transmitters andtransceivers for operation on two or more bands, i.e. frequency ranges
- H04B1/0096—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission adapting radio receivers, transmitters andtransceivers for operation on two or more bands, i.e. frequency ranges where a full band is frequency converted into another full band
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
- H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
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Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to the field of wireless communication technology, and in particular, to a wireless baseband processing method and device that realizes integration of communication perception.
- the wireless communication network can obtain the physical parameters of the sensing target to assist in improving communication performance. For example, it can form user beams based on the sensed data to reduce the amount of beam training and achieve high-gain communication. For example, based on the sensed user physical parameter information, Help users conduct mobility management, shorten user cell selection, handover and other processes, and improve the performance of communication systems.
- the sensing process proposed by the existing technology first senses the rough direction of the target through the reference signal access beam, and then senses the precise position and motion information of the target through the sensing signal.
- this sensing process can only sense users accessing communication and cannot sense other sensing targets that do not have communication capabilities.
- the beam accessed by users sometimes does not come from the direct direction of the base station.
- the present disclosure aims to solve one of the technical problems in the related art, at least to a certain extent.
- the purpose of this disclosure is to propose a wireless baseband processing method that realizes integration of communication and perception, so that the base station has the ability to send integrated synaesthesia waveforms, and can distinguish and resolve the communication between the end user and other sensing targets.
- Data and sensing data simultaneously realize the sensing process of sensing collaborative communication and fine sensing.
- the first embodiment of the present disclosure proposes a wireless baseband processing method that realizes integrated communication perception, including:
- a new Integrated Communication Awareness (ISAC) beam management module is added to the transmitter, and a new Sensing Function (SF) module is added to the receiver;
- SF Sensing Function
- the ISAC beam management module narrows the beam and aligns it with the target position to send a narrow synaesthetic transmission beam
- the ISAC beam management module performs a beam management process, including:
- the parameters of the basic unit of the multi-antenna array phase are adjusted through beamforming technology, and the beam shape and direction are adjusted.
- the beamforming technology includes a beamforming algorithm, specifically according to the following formula:
- s T (t, ⁇ , ⁇ ) is the composite signal aligned with the spatial angle ( ⁇ , ⁇ ), ⁇ is the horizontal angle of the beam relative to the antenna's visual axis, ⁇ is the pitch angle of the beam relative to the antenna's visual axis, and ⁇ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave that sends the signal, N is the total number of antennas, (x n , y n , z n ) is the position of the n-th antenna unit in space, s n (t) is the scalar representation of the signal to be sent;
- the synaesthesia integration signal is emitted by the transmitting antenna.
- sending a wide synaesthetic transmission beam through the ISAC beam management module and decoding the sensing information from the reflected sensing echo through the SF module includes:
- the base station receiver receives the uplink communication data and the synaesthetic transmission beam, extracts the reflection sensing data from the uplink communication data and the wide synaesthesia transmission beam, and obtains the perception from the reflection sensing data through the SF module. information.
- the wide synaesthesia beam can be selected to use a beam with a large beam width according to specific synaesthesia business requirements, or a narrow beam with a small beam width can be selected to perform time-division scanning, covering a large angle. Sector area.
- narrowing the beam through the ISAC beam management module and aligning it with the target to send the narrow synaesthetic transmission beam includes:
- the narrow synaesthetic transmission beam direction is aligned in the target direction, and multi-beam pair links are established with multiple users to achieve communication collaborative sensing.
- the synaesthesia signal includes signals such as a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), and a data payload signal for transmitting data.
- CSI-RS channel state information reference signal
- DMRS demodulation reference signal
- data payload signal for transmitting data.
- it also includes:
- the resource grid composition includes subcarriers in frequency and symbols in time to adapt to the needs of service perception.
- the uplink communication beam received by the base station and the echo data of the synaesthesia waveform are distinguished in a time domain differentiation manner.
- the design of the echo data differentiation method of the sensing transmission beam includes:
- the time-frequency domain resource blocks required for downlink communication transmission are separately allocated in the flexible time slot to realize the transmission of synaesthesia signals and communication data in the downlink symbols, and the uplink sensing echo data is allocated separately in the flexible time slot.
- Frequency domain resources are used for reception, while uplink communication transmission data is received in the uplink time slot;
- the method for distinguishing the uplink communication beam received by the base station and the echo data of the synaesthesia waveform includes:
- Defining self-contained time slots in the flexible time slots enables uplink communication transmission data to be received in the uplink time slots, and uplink sensing echo data is performed by defining self-contained time slots in the flexible time slots and individually allocating sensing exclusive time-frequency domain resources. the process of receiving;
- the uplink communication beam received by the base station and the echo data of the synaesthesia waveform are distinguished in a time domain differentiation manner, and the uplink communication beam received by the base station and
- the design of echo data differentiation methods for synaesthetic transmission beams includes:
- the uplink communication transmission data is received in the uplink time slot, and the uplink sensing echo data is received by occupying the time-frequency domain resources of the guard band in the flexible time slot, and the solution is Communication data and sensing data received at different times.
- the uplink communication beam received by the base station and the echo data of the synaesthesia waveform are distinguished in a code domain differentiation manner, and the uplink communication beam received by the base station and
- the design of echo data differentiation methods for synaesthetic transmission beams includes:
- Different codebooks are designed for the uplink received communication data and the uplink sensing echo data.
- the uplink communication transmission data stream and the uplink sensing echo data stream are distinguished through codebook cancellation, and the uplink sensing echo data stream is decoded at the receiving end. Output communication data and sensing data.
- the uplink communication beam received by the base station and the echo data of the synaesthesia waveform are distinguished in a spatial domain distinction manner, and the uplink communication beam received by the base station and the echo data from the
- the design method for distinguishing the synaesthetic transmission beam echo data returned by non-communicating users includes:
- a dedicated radio frequency channel is used to receive sensing signals.
- the antenna array is divided into two parts to receive the uplink communication transmission data stream and the uplink sensing echo data stream that are different in spatial angles, and the communication data and the uplink sensing echo data stream are decoded at the receiving end. Sensory data.
- the second embodiment of the present disclosure proposes a wireless baseband processing method and device that realizes integrated communication perception, including the following modules:
- a coding mapping module used to code the original information bits to generate a data stream, obtain the coding mapping results on each antenna port, and transmit the coding mapping results through the logical interface;
- a carrier modulation module configured to receive the coding mapping result, modulate the coding mapping result to a carrier, obtain a discrete-time digital quantity, and transmit it;
- a digital/analog conversion module used to convert the carrier modulation result from the discrete-time digital quantity into a continuously changing analog quantity, and then obtain the synaesthesia signal through orthogonal modulation;
- An up-conversion processing module is used to modulate the synaesthesia signal to the radio frequency end transmission frequency band to generate a baseband transmission signal
- the ISAC beam management module is used to perform the beam management process. According to the beam established and maintained by the baseband transmission signal, the parameters of the basic unit of the multi-antenna array phase are adjusted through beam forming technology, and the beam shape and direction are adjusted to obtain the synaesthesia waveform. ; And the base station transmits synaesthesia integrated signals from multiple antennas according to the synaesthesia waveform;
- the down-conversion processing module is used to demodulate the received synaesthesia integrated signal into a baseband signal to obtain the down-conversion processing result;
- the analog-to-digital conversion module is used to convert the down-conversion processing result from the analog domain waveform to the digital domain waveform to obtain the analog-to-digital conversion result;
- the carrier demodulation module is used to convert the digital domain waveform into a demodulation output signal in symbol format through Fourier transform to obtain the carrier demodulation result;
- a decoding mapping module configured to receive the carrier demodulation result, process the obtained symbol format to generate a data code stream in a 0-1 bit format, and decode the data code stream to generate estimated bit information
- the sensing function module is used to perform sensing signal processing on the analog/digital conversion results to obtain sensing data.
- the analog/digital conversion module is further configured to copy the analog/digital conversion result to obtain two analog/digital conversion results, one of which enters the communication process. process, another analog/digital conversion result enters the sensing processing process.
- the communication processing flow includes: transmitting the analog-to-digital conversion result to the carrier demodulation module through a logical interface.
- the sensing processing flow includes: transmitting the analog-to-digital conversion result to the sensing function module through a logical interface.
- the sensory signal processing includes:
- the distance between the sensing target and the base station antenna is calculated based on the delay time between the echo signal and the transmitted signal and the propagation speed of electromagnetic waves in the air.
- the calculation formula is as follows:
- t r is the delay time between the echo signal and the transmitted signal
- c is the propagation speed of electromagnetic waves in the air
- d is the distance between the sensing target and the base station antenna
- the speed of the perceived target is calculated based on the propagation speed of electromagnetic waves in the air, the Doppler frequency shift, and the emission frequency of the synaesthetic integrated waveform.
- the Doppler frequency shift is the emission frequency of the synaesthetic integrated waveform and the echo signal. frequency offset, the calculation formula is as follows:
- c is the propagation speed of electromagnetic waves in the air
- f′ 0 -f 0 is the Doppler frequency shift
- f′ 0 is the frequency of the received echo signal
- f 0 is the frequency of the transmitted signal
- the direction of the perceived target is obtained using antenna array and wave direction of arrival estimation technology.
- the direction of the sensing target is obtained using antenna array and direction of arrival estimation technology, including:
- the data received by each array element in the air domain is used to replace the time domain data in traditional time domain processing, and the time difference between the received signals arriving at different antenna array elements at different estimated direction angles is obtained.
- the antenna array to receive k reflected signals and the calculation formula is as follows:
- d m is the distance between different receiving antennas
- c is the propagation speed of electromagnetic waves in the air
- ⁇ k is the estimated direction arrival angle of the received echo signal
- t mk is the time difference for the received signal to arrive at different antenna array elements; based on the reception The signal is estimated at different Calculate the time difference between the direction angles reaching different antenna array elements, and construct the spatial steering vector of the incoming wave direction:
- ⁇ is the angle between the given incoming wave direction and the antenna's visual axis
- d is the array element spacing
- f 0 is the frequency of the transmitted signal
- c is the speed of electromagnetic wave propagation.
- a( ⁇ ) is the spatial steering vector
- x(n) is the signal vector received by the antenna array element
- y takes the maximum value
- the value of ⁇ is the estimated angle between the direction of the incoming wave and the visual axis of the antenna, and Output as DOA estimation result.
- a third embodiment of the present disclosure provides a computer device, which is characterized in that it includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, and the When the processor executes the computer program, it implements a wireless baseband processing method for integrating communication and perception as described above.
- the fourth embodiment of the present disclosure provides a computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored, which is characterized in that when the computer program is executed by a processor, an implementation as described above is achieved. Communication-aware integrated wireless baseband processing method.
- the fifth embodiment of the present disclosure proposes a computer program product, including a computer program, wherein when the computer program is executed by a processor, the above-mentioned wireless baseband for integrating communication and perception is implemented Approach.
- the wireless baseband processing that realizes integrated communication perception proposed by the embodiment of this disclosure is designed for the transmitter and receiver applied to the physical layer of the base station.
- An ISAC beam management module is added to the transmitter, and the beam management process is implemented in this module. Carry out specific design and propose beam processing methods for different beam management stages.
- the sensing process of sensing collaborative communication and fine sensing is realized;
- a new sensing function module is added to the receiver, through which the base station can obtain synaesthesia signals from synaesthesia signals. Solve the sensory information to make the base station have synaesthesia function.
- the method for distinguishing the uplink communication data and reflected sensing data received by the base station is designed, so that the base station can distinguish communication and sensing data from the received data. It can solve the problems in the existing technology that synaesthesia base stations cannot send synaesthesia integrated waveforms, cannot distinguish and decode the communication data and sensing data of end users and sensing targets, and the sensing process cannot sense sensing objects of non-access communications.
- Figure 1 is a design flow chart of a wireless baseband processing method for integrating communication perception provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
- Figure 2 is a schematic design diagram of a physical layer synaesthesia waveform integrated transmitter provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
- Figure 3 is a schematic design diagram of a physical layer synaesthesia waveform integrated receiver provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
- Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the process design of a wide synaesthetic transmission beam provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
- Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a narrow synaesthetic transmission beam process design provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
- Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a design example of a scheme for distinguishing uplink communication transmission data and uplink sensing echo data in the time domain provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
- Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of another design example of a scheme for distinguishing uplink communication transmission data and uplink sensing echo data in the time domain provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 8 is a schematic design diagram of a wireless baseband processing device that realizes integration of communication and perception provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the present disclosure proposes a design solution for a wireless baseband processing method and device that can realize integration of communication and perception.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a wireless baseband processing method for integrating communication perception provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the wireless baseband processing method for integrating communication perception includes the following steps:
- S101 Design based on the wireless baseband processing flow of the base station, add an ISAC beam management module to the transmitter, and add a sensing function module SF to the receiver;
- S102 Send a wide synaesthetic transmission beam through the ISAC beam management module and extract the sensing information from the reflected sensing echo through the SF module.
- the sensing information includes the target position
- S103 Based on the sensing information, use the ISAC beam management module to narrow the beam and align it with the target position to send the narrow synaesthetic transmission beam;
- S104 Design the echo data distinction method for the uplink communication beams and synaesthesia transmission beams received by the base station.
- the synaesthesia transmission beams include wide synaesthesia transmission beams and narrow synaesthesia transmission beams, so that the base station can distinguish between the uplink communication beams and echoes.
- a distinction is made between communication and sensing data in the data.
- a sensing function (SF) module and an ISAC beam management module are added to the traditional base station wireless baseband processing flow.
- the base station can extract sensing information from synaesthesia signals, making the base station integrated with communication sensing.
- the base station can use wide synaesthetic transmission beams to achieve large-scale sensing, and further adjust the synaesthetic beams through beam forming technology based on the acquired sensory information, and use narrow synaesthetic transmission beams to Quasi-synaesthetic objects enable high-gain communication and more precise perception of perceptual synergy.
- Embodiments of the present disclosure respectively design a wide transmission synaesthetic transmission beam process and a narrow synaesthetic transmission beam process, and provide two adaptively selected time domains to distinguish uplink communication transmission data and uplink sensing feedback. Wave data scheme.
- Figure 2 shows a schematic design diagram of a physical layer synaesthetic waveform integrated transmitter, which is applied to the radio access network (RAN) side base station , including: coding mapping module, carrier modulation module, digital/analog conversion module, up-conversion processing module and ISAC beam management module.
- RAN radio access network
- the encoding mapping module is used to encode the original information bits, generate a data code stream, scramble and map the data code stream, and map the 0-1 bit format into a symbol format. After the original information bits obtain one or two codewords in the transport block through the encoding process, the 0-1 bit format is mapped into a symbol format by scrambling and mapping the encoded bits. Here, the generated constellation mapping symbols are then subjected to layer mapping and spatial precoding processing to obtain the coding mapping symbols on each antenna port.
- the coding process includes, but is not limited to, steps such as source coding, channel coding, interleaving, and rate matching processing.
- the source coding includes but is not limited to Huffman coding
- the channel coding is not limited to polar codes, LDPC codes, Turbo codes and convolutional codes
- the interleaving corrects sudden errors through an interleaver
- the rate matching is based on the channel coding
- the different code stream lengths are subjected to different processing to make the code stream length match the actual transmission capability.
- the scrambling process performs regular randomization on the signal elements.
- the mapping process includes but is not limited to constellation mapping.
- the coding mapping symbol is the output result of the coding mapping module.
- the carrier modulation module is used to receive the coding mapping result, and modulate the coding mapping result to the carrier for transmission.
- the modulation is to select different modulation methods, and the modulation methods include but are not limited to single carrier modulation and multi-carrier modulation.
- the single carrier modulation is to modulate the result of coding mapping to a single carrier for transmission, such as QAM, etc., as described
- Multi-carrier modulation modulates the coding mapping results to multiple carriers for transmission, such as OFDM, OFTS, etc.
- the embodiment of the present disclosure uses OFDM modulation in multi-carrier modulation. Since the coding mapping result is a serial input, serial-to-parallel conversion is first performed to convert high-speed serial transmission into low-speed parallel transmission, and then the inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) is used. ) Convert the frequency domain signal into a time domain signal, then perform parallel-to-serial conversion, convert the signal transmission mode from parallel transmission to serial transmission, and finally add a cyclic prefix to the signal to obtain the carrier modulation result of each antenna port. The carrier The modulation result is in digital signal format.
- IFFT inverse fast Fourier transform
- the digital/analog conversion module is used to convert the carrier modulation result from digital signal format to analog signal format.
- the up-conversion processing module is used to modulate the baseband signal to the radio frequency end transmit frequency band.
- the ISAC beam management module is used to perform the beam management process, establish and maintain appropriate beams, adjust the parameters of the basic unit of the multi-antenna array phase through beam forming technology, adjust the beam shape and direction, and obtain the synaesthesia waveform.
- the beam management process includes two parts. The first part is the wide synaesthesia transmission beam management process.
- the base station realizes wide-area range sensing by sending a wide synaesthesia transmission beam and extracting the sensing data from the reflected sensing echo; the second part
- the base station adjusts the antenna's wave width and the up, down, left, and right directions based on the sensory data solved in the first part and according to the synaesthesia requirements of the business scenario to achieve three-dimensional precise beam forming. , so that the radiated energy is concentrated on the direction of the terminal device and sensing object sensed by the first part, and is continuously tracked based on the echo signal to achieve high signal gain communication and more refined perception.
- the beam management process is executed through the ISAC beam management module, including:
- the parameters of the basic unit of the multi-antenna array phase are adjusted through beamforming technology, and the beam shape and direction are adjusted.
- the beamforming technology includes a beamforming algorithm, specifically according to the following formula:
- s T (t, ⁇ , ⁇ ) is the composite signal aligned with the spatial angle ( ⁇ , ⁇ ), ⁇ is the horizontal angle of the beam relative to the antenna's visual axis, ⁇ is the pitch angle of the beam relative to the antenna's visual axis, and ⁇ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave that sends the signal, N is the total number of antennas, (x n , y n , z n ) is the position of the nth antenna unit in space, and s n (t) is the scalar representation of the signal to be sent.
- the synaesthesia integration signal is transmitted by the transmitting antenna.
- FIG 3 shows the implementation of the present disclosure Schematic diagram of the design of a physical layer synaesthesia waveform integrated receiver proposed in the embodiment, which is applied to the wireless access network side base station, including a down-conversion processing module, an analog-to-digital conversion module, a carrier demodulation module, a decoding mapping module and a sensing function. module.
- the process for the base station to support reception and processing of synaesthesia integration waveforms includes the following steps.
- the synaesthesia integration signal is received by the receiving antenna.
- the received synaesthesia integrated signal is down-converted into a baseband signal through the down-conversion processing module, and a down-conversion processing result is obtained.
- the down-conversion processing result is in an analog signal format.
- the down-conversion processing result is converted from the analog signal format to the digital signal format through the analog/digital conversion module to obtain the analog/digital conversion result.
- the analog/digital conversion results are copied, one of the analog/digital conversion results enters the communication processing flow, and the other analog/digital conversion result enters the perception processing flow.
- the communication processing flow includes: transmitting the analog-to-digital conversion result to the carrier demodulation module through the logical interface.
- the carrier demodulation module receives the analog-to-digital conversion result, demodulates the analog-to-digital conversion result, and obtains a demodulation output signal, and the demodulation output signal is in symbol format.
- the channel estimation result of each receiving antenna port is then used to perform spatial channel equalization processing on the carrier demodulation result to obtain the carrier demodulation result.
- the demodulation is to select the corresponding demodulation method according to the modulation method in the carrier modulation module.
- the demodulation method includes but is not limited to single-carrier demodulation and multi-carrier demodulation.
- the single-carrier demodulation is such as QAM demodulation. etc., the multi-carrier demodulation such as OFDM demodulation, OTFS demodulation, etc.
- the disclosed embodiment uses OFDM demodulation in multi-carrier demodulation.
- the signal is processed to remove the cyclic prefix. Since the analog/digital conversion result is a serial input, serial-to-parallel conversion is required to convert high-speed serial transmission into low-speed Parallel transmission, then use Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to convert the time domain signal into a frequency domain signal and perform frequency domain channel equalization, and finally perform parallel-to-serial transformation to convert the signal transmission mode from parallel transmission to serial transmission, and obtain the solution
- FFT Fast Fourier Transform
- the demodulated output signal is in symbol format.
- the decoding mapping module receives the carrier demodulation result, performs spatial deprecoding processing and layer inverse mapping processing, and uses the obtained symbol format to generate a data code stream in 0-1 bit format through inverse mapping, and decodes the data code stream to generate an estimate.
- Bit information the estimated bit information is communication data.
- the inverse mapping includes but is not limited to constellation inverse mapping, and the decoding process includes but is not limited to deinterleaving, channel decoding, source decoding and other steps.
- the decoding process corresponds to the encoding processing process of the encoding mapping module, which is not mentioned here. Again.
- the decoding mapping result is communication data.
- the sensing processing flow includes: transmitting the analog/digital conversion result to the sensing function module through a logical interface.
- the wide synaesthesia transmission beam is sent through the ISAC beam management module and the sensing information is decoded from the reflected sensing echo through the SF module, including:
- the base station receiver receives uplink communication data and the synaesthetic transmission beam, decodes the reflection sensing data from the uplink communication data and the wide synaesthesia transmission beam, and obtains sensing information from the reflection sensing data through the SF module.
- the format of the sensing information is point cloud information of signal strength, and each point in the point cloud represents a parameter group consisting of speed, distance, and direction.
- the wide synaesthesia beam can be selected to use a beam with a large beam width according to specific synaesthesia business requirements, or a narrow beam with a small beam width can be selected to perform time-division scanning, covering a large-angle sector area .
- the base station initially transmits multiple synaesthesia signals and is carried on different downlink beams.
- the synaesthesia signals should be transmitted periodically, semi-persistently or aperiodic (event-triggered), with Features such as wide coverage, sustainable searchability or periodic broadcasting. Including but not limited to Synchronization Signal (SS) and Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH).
- SS Synchronization Signal
- PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel
- the downlink beam may use a beam with a large beam width, or a narrow beam with a small beam width may be used for time division scanning to cover a large-angle sector area to achieve base station sensing. Expansion of the environment and user terminal perception range.
- the narrow beam time division scanning can determine the azimuth and tilt direction of different beams according to specific sensing service requirements (such as sensing range), use different antenna static weights, and use a beam forming algorithm to generate multiple static narrow beams in different directions. It carries synaesthesia signals, and uses time-division scanning and transmission one by one when transmitting to achieve full coverage of the sensing range.
- the base station After the user or application function triggers the synaesthesia request, the base station will establish and send an initial beam according to the synaesthesia request, and before the end of the service, send a wide beam shape synaesthesia waveform at regular intervals to obtain a wide range of sensory information around the base station. ; After the base station sends the initial beam, the user terminal establishes a beam pair for communication after access. After the base station receiver receives the uplink communication data and reflection sensing data, it decodes the reflection sensing data from the data, and extracts the reflection sensing data from the reflection sensing data. Obtain sensory information. The decoding of reflected sensing data is a signal processing process in the receiver, and the obtaining of sensing information is a signal processing process of the sensing function module in the receiver.
- the ISAC beam management module is used to narrow the beam, align it with the target and send the narrow synaesthetic transmission beam, including:
- the narrow synaesthetic transmission beam direction is aligned in the target direction, and multi-beam pair links are established with multiple users to achieve communication collaborative sensing.
- the base station transmits multiple synaesthesia signals and is carried on multiple narrow beams.
- the synaesthesia signals include but are not limited to channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS), demodulation reference signals (DMRS) and The data load signal and other signals of the transmitted data; after the base station obtains the rough positions of multiple terminal devices and sensing objects from the wide-sense transmission beam echo information, it adjusts the subsequent beams sent through the ISAC beam management module and uses beam forming
- the algorithm adjusts the phase of multiple antennas to send signals to narrow the beam, and aligns the narrowed beam direction with the direction of the synaesthesia object based on the movement, steering and other behaviors of the sensing object, and establishes multi-beam pair links with multiple users.
- the base station is in the target direction.
- the synaesthesia integrated base station provides multiple different data streams for multiple terminal devices or multiple sensing objects through multi-access technology, or receives data streams from multiple terminals in parallel and from multiple A sensing object receives signal echoes, obtains the location information of multiple terminal devices or other sensing objects from the perceived echo information in real time, adjusts and maintains the beam through the ISAC beam management module, and maintains good wireless connections and fine sensing.
- Multiple access technology includes but is not limited to space division multiple access technology.
- the beam adjustment process first obtains the spatial steering vector of the beam to be transmitted through the physical parameters of the sensing information obtained by the sensing processing module, and weights each element on the antenna array element, so that the output signal of the beamforming algorithm narrows and can point to a certain direction, the spatial guidance vector can be specifically based on the following formula:
- ⁇ is the angle between the beam and the antenna's visual axis
- d is the array element spacing
- f 0 is the frequency of the transmitted signal
- c is the speed of electromagnetic wave propagation.
- M is the number of arrays
- w is the beamforming weight vector
- the beamforming algorithm can be specifically based on the following formula:
- y(t, ⁇ ) is the signal generated by beamforming
- ⁇ is the angle of the beam relative to the antenna's visual axis
- M is the number of arrays
- x i (t) is the signal on each array
- x is the array signal vector.
- s(t) is the original signal
- w H is the beam forming weight vector
- a( ⁇ ) is the spatial steering vector.
- the process of narrowing the beam is the process of adjusting the beam width. Specifically, it can be based on the following formula:
- the synaesthesia signal uses a reference signal
- the reference signal is co-transmitted with the data payload signal
- the modulation and demodulation method at the transceiver adopts a multi-carrier modulation and demodulation method
- it can be based on business communication and perception.
- the ratio of the reference signal and the data load signal in the resource grid is adaptively adjusted. For example, in high-speed mobile scenarios or scenarios that only sense but do not communicate, the base station has a higher demand for sensing performance than communication performance.
- the base station High sensing performance requirements can be achieved by increasing the resource ratio of the reference signal in the resource grid.
- the resource grid composition includes subcarriers in frequency and symbols in time, and the symbols include but are not limited to OFDM symbols, OFTS symbols, etc.
- the proportion of synaesthesia signals in the resource grid can be adjusted according to service sensing requirements. For example, higher ranging sensing accuracy can be obtained by increasing the proportion of synaesthesia signals in the frequency domain in the resource grid. , or higher speed sensing accuracy can be obtained by increasing the proportion of synaesthesia signals in the time domain in the resource grid.
- sensory signal processing includes:
- the distance between the sensing target and the base station antenna is calculated based on the delay time between the echo signal and the transmitted signal and the propagation speed of electromagnetic waves in the air.
- the calculation formula is as follows:
- t r is the delay time between the echo signal and the transmitted signal
- c is the propagation speed of electromagnetic waves in the air
- d is the distance between the sensing target and the base station antenna
- the speed of the perceived target is calculated based on the propagation speed of electromagnetic waves in the air, the Doppler frequency shift, and the emission frequency of the synaesthetic integrated waveform.
- the Doppler frequency shift is the emission frequency of the synaesthetic integrated waveform and the echo signal. frequency offset, the calculation formula is as follows:
- c is the propagation speed of electromagnetic waves in the air
- f′ 0 -f 0 is the Doppler frequency shift
- f′ 0 is the frequency of the received echo signal.
- rate f 0 is the frequency of the transmitted signal;
- the direction of the perceived target is obtained by using the antenna array and the direction of arrival estimation technology, which includes the BARTLETT algorithm and the MUSIC algorithm.
- the BARTLETT algorithm includes:
- the data received by each array element in the air domain is used to replace the time domain data in traditional time domain processing, and the time difference between the received signals arriving at different antenna array elements at different estimated direction angles is obtained.
- the antenna array to receive k reflected signals and the calculation formula is as follows:
- d m is the distance between different receiving antennas
- c is the propagation speed of electromagnetic waves in the air
- ⁇ k is the estimated direction arrival angle of the received echo signal
- t mk is the time difference for the received signal to arrive at different antenna array elements; based on the reception The time difference between signals arriving at different antenna array elements at different estimated direction angles is used to construct the spatial steering vector in the direction of the incoming wave:
- ⁇ is the angle between a given incoming wave direction and the antenna's visual axis
- d is the array element spacing
- f 0 is the frequency of the transmitted signal
- c is the speed of electromagnetic wave propagation.
- a( ⁇ ) is the spatial steering vector
- x(n) is the signal vector received by the antenna array element
- the value of ⁇ is the estimated angle between the direction of the incoming wave and the visual axis of the antenna, and is given as DOA estimation result output.
- the physical layer synaesthetic waveform integrated receiver design schematic diagram enables the base station to have the function of receiving and processing synaesthetic integrated waveforms.
- the embodiment of the present disclosure provides a synaesthesia integrated base station that initially sends a synaesthesia integrated beam.
- the initially transmitted synaesthetic integrated beam uses the wide synaesthetic transmission beam process, and the scanning range of the synaesthetic transmission beam should cover the entire angular sector served by the base station.
- Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the design process of a wide transmission synaesthetic transmission beam.
- the downlink beam shape of the transmission and the way of receiving the sensing data are different from other embodiments.
- the synaesthesia signal is transmitted.
- the base station initially transmits multiple synaesthesia signals and carries them on different downlink beams.
- the downlink beam adopts a beam with a large beam width (450).
- the synaesthesia signal should be transmitted periodically, semi-persistently or non-periodic (event-triggered), and can be carried on a beam with a large beam width for transmission, and has a wide range of Features such as coverage, sustainable searchability or periodic broadcastability, including but not limited to synchronization signals (SS) and physical broadcast channels (PBCH) carried by wide beams.
- SS synchronization signals
- PBCH physical broadcast channels
- the user terminal After the base station sends the initial beam, the user terminal establishes a beam pair for communication after access. After the base station receiver receives the uplink transmission communication data (470) and the uplink sensing echo data (480), it distinguishes the reflection sensing from the data. data and from the reverse The sensing information of the terminal device (410a-410c) and the sensing object (420) is obtained from the radio sensing data. Every time the base station sends a synaesthesia integrated signal, it can receive the sensing beam from the entire coverage area, and the frequency of performing sensing is slow. , guard band time slots can be allocated according to the frame unit to receive sensing data, wherein the decoding of the reflected sensing data is a signal processing process in the receiver, and the acquisition of sensing information is the signal of the sensing function module in the receiver Processing.
- the base station After the user or application function triggers the synaesthesia request, the base station will establish and send an initial beam according to the synaesthesia request, and before the end of the service, send a wide beam shape synaesthesia waveform at regular intervals to obtain a wide range of sensory information around the base station. .
- the shape of the downlink beam sent and the way of receiving sensing data are different from other embodiments.
- synaesthesia signals are transmitted.
- the base station initially transmits multiple synaesthesia signals and carries them on different downlink beams.
- the downlink beams adopt narrow beams with small beam widths (460a ⁇ 460g).
- Time-division scanning in order for the base station to sense and obtain the location of the terminal device and sensing object, the synaesthesia signal should be transmitted periodically, semi-persistently or non-periodic (event-triggered), with wide coverage and sustainable searchability Or features such as periodic broadcastability, including but not limited to synchronization signals (SS) and physical broadcast channels (PBCH) carried by time-division narrow beams after beamforming.
- SS synchronization signals
- PBCH physical broadcast channels
- the base station receiver After the base station receiver receives the uplink transmission communication data (470) and the uplink sensing echo data (480), it distinguishes the reflection sensing from the data. data, and obtain the sensing information of the terminal device (410a-410c) and the sensing object (420) from the reflected sensing data.
- Each time the base station sends a synaesthesia integrated signal it is a set of narrow beam signals that are scanned in time. It is necessary to receive the echo signal after sending the narrow beam signal in batches to perform sensing. The frequency of performing sensing is relatively fast, and it can be performed separately after sending the narrow beam signal. Time slots are allocated to receive sensing data, and sensing data can also be received by distinguishing dedicated antenna ports.
- the decoding of reflected sensing data is a signal processing process in the receiver, and the obtaining of sensing information is a signal processing process of the sensing function module in the receiver.
- the base station After the user or application function triggers the synaesthesia request, the base station will establish and send an initial beam according to the synaesthesia request. Before the end of the service, it will send wide-coverage time-division scanning narrow beam synaesthesia waveforms at regular intervals to obtain the large-scale synaesthesia waveform around the base station. range of sensory information.
- the base station uses the ISAC beam management module to transmit subsequent beams ( 550a-550d) adjustment, train the beam, dynamically weight the transmitted signal, and use the beam forming algorithm to adjust the phase transmitted signal of multiple antennas to narrow the beam to form a narrow synaesthetic transmission beam.
- Multiple synaesthesia transmission beams sent by the base station Signals are carried on the plurality of narrow synaesthesia transmission beams, and the synaesthesia signals include but are not limited to signals such as channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS), demodulation reference signals (DMRS), and data payload signals for transmission data. .
- CSI-RS channel state information reference signals
- DMRS demodulation reference signals
- data payload signals for transmission data.
- the base station aligns the wide synaesthetic transmission beam direction with the direction of the synaesthesia object.
- the terminal device also has multiple antennas and has a beam management function, it can also send a narrow transmission beam (560) to establish a beam pair link.
- the base station and the terminal device establish a beam pair for communication, each time a narrow synaesthetic transmission beam is sent, the echo signal is received to perform sensing.
- the base station receiver receives the uplink transmission communication data (570) and the uplink sensing echo data (580).
- the reflective sensing data is distinguished from the data, and the sensing information of the terminal device (410a-410c) and the sensing object (420) is obtained from the reflective sensing data, and the terminal device (410a-410c) can be tracked based on the resolved sensing information. ) and perceived objects (420).
- the decoding of reflected sensing data is a signal processing process in the receiver, and the obtaining of sensing information is a signal processing process of the sensing function module in the receiver.
- Y (E) [k] is the total response of the beam training on the k-th subcarrier, which is a matrix of (n 1 * n 2 ) dimensions, where n 1 represents the direction in which the receiving end has n 1 beams, n 2 Represents that there are n 2 beamforming directions at the transmitting end;
- Z * is the combiner matrix of all beam directions, which is a matrix of (n 1 *m) dimensions, where m represents the number of antennas;
- H[k] is the k-th sub MIMO channel matrix on the carrier;
- W is the precoder matrix for all beam directions, which is a matrix of (m*n 2 ) dimensions;
- V (E) [k] is the post-processing noise that may be generated by beam training on the k-th subcarrier, is a matrix of (n 1 *n 2 ) dimensions.
- the amount of beam training of the base station can be reduced and the performance of the communication system can be improved.
- the ISAC module selects the appropriate beam pair during the beam training process to perform beam forming and make the beam sustainable. Tracking the location of synaesthetically integrated objects.
- the base station establishes multi-beam pair links with multiple users, and the base station obtains maximum signal gain in the target direction and obtains fine perception.
- the synesthesia integrated base station provides multiple different data streams for multiple terminal devices or multiple sensing objects through space division technology, or receives data streams from multiple terminals and signals from multiple sensing objects in parallel. Echo, obtain the location information of multiple terminal devices or other sensing objects from the perceived echo information in real time, adjust and maintain the beam through the ISAC beam management module, and maintain good wireless connections and fine perception.
- embodiments of the present disclosure provide an adaptive synaesthesia solution that can adaptively adjust the sensing mode according to business communication and sensing requirements.
- the resources of the synaesthesia signal and the data payload signal can be adaptively adjusted according to the needs of business communication and perception.
- the ratio in the grid For example, in high-speed mobile scenarios or scenarios where only sensing is performed without communication, the base station has higher requirements for sensing performance than communication performance.
- the base station can improve the resource ratio of synaesthesia signals in the resource grid. to achieve high perceptual performance requirements.
- it also includes:
- the resource grid consists of subcarriers in frequency and symbols in time.
- the proportion of synaesthesia signals in the resource grid can be adjusted according to the needs of service sensing. For example, higher ranging sensing accuracy can be obtained by increasing the proportion of synaesthesia signals in the frequency domain in the resource grid, or by Increase the proportion of synaesthesia signals in the time domain in the resource grid to obtain higher speed sensing accuracy.
- the resource grid composition includes subcarriers (k) in frequency and OFDM symbols in time.
- step 104 after the base station sends the synaesthesia waveform, the receiver will receive the uplink communication transmission data from the terminal device and the uplink sensing echo data from the sensing object or environment.
- the receiver In order for the receiver to distinguish the received data, And to solve the communication data and sensing data respectively, it is necessary to design a mode for the receiver to distinguish the uplink communication transmission data and the uplink sensing echo data.
- a time domain differentiation method for distinguishing the uplink communication beam received by the base station and the echo data of the synaesthesia waveform, which specifically includes:
- the time-frequency domain required for downlink communication transmission is separately allocated in the flexible time slot to realize the transmission of synaesthesia signals and communication data in the downlink symbols.
- the uplink sensing echo data is transmitted by separately allocating the time-frequency domain resources exclusive to perception in the flexible time slot. Receive, while the uplink communication transmission data is received in the uplink time slot;
- the uplink communication beam received by the base station and the echo of the synaesthesia waveform The data differentiation method provides another time domain differentiation method, including:
- the uplink communication transmission data is received in the uplink time slot, and the uplink sensing echo data is received by occupying the time-frequency domain resources of the guard band in the flexible time slot, and the solution is Communication data and sensing data received at different times.
- the communication data and sensing data received at different times are solved. Different from other embodiments, by allocating separate time-frequency resources to receive the uplink sensing echo data stream, the purpose of separating the received uplink communication transmission data and the uplink sensing echo data is achieved.
- This solution uses time division multiplexing. By designing the TDD frame structure, separate sensing resources can be allocated at the symbol level, slot level or subframe level to receive sensing echo data. The sensing frequency is faster and corresponding signaling needs to be designed. Indication is used to indicate these different types of frames.
- the TDD frame cycle in the fifth generation mobile communication technology can be roughly divided into three parts: downlink time slot, flexible time slot and uplink time slot.
- a new TDD frame structure is defined. Multiple flexible time slots are allocated in the frame structure, and communication is achieved by individually allocating time-frequency domain resource blocks required for downlink communication transmission in the flexible time slots. Sensing signals and communication data are transmitted in downlink symbols, uplink sensing echo data is received by separately allocating sensing exclusive time-frequency domain resources in flexible time slots, and uplink communication transmission data is received in uplink time slots. This distinguishes uplink communication transmission data and uplink sensing echo data in the time domain.
- the embodiment of the present disclosure adopts the time slot structure of ordinary CP.
- a time slot unit in a subframe can be divided into 14 symbol times, and then divided into N (14>N>0) symbol times.
- the remaining (14-N) symbol time is still used to transmit synaesthesia signals and communication data.
- the symbol time for receiving downlink reflection sensing data should be arranged after the symbol time for transmitting synaesthesia signals and communication data.
- the base station transmits signaling through the PDCCH channel, configures the frame structure described in the embodiment of the present disclosure, and realizes the distinction of communication/sensing data.
- synaesthesia frame structure defined in this disclosure should include multiple types, and appropriate synaesthesia frame structures can be configured through signaling in different synaesthesia scenarios.
- the synaesthesia service requirements include but are not limited to sensing coverage and sensing frequency.
- synaesthesia services with high demand for sensing coverage can receive uplink sensing echo data by allocating more symbol unit times in the frame structure.
- the symbol time allocated to receive uplink reflection sensing data is not limited to one time slot unit. Taking into account the influence of environmental factors such as multipath, signal fading and coverage, sufficient time should be allocated to receive the uplink sensing echo within the time after the synaesthesia signal is sent.
- the time-frequency domain resources of the data are used to receive the sensing data; for another example, for services with high sensing frequency requirements, the frequency of sensing can be increased by allocating more flexible time slots and self-contained time slots in the frame structure.
- the frequency at which sensing is performed is in units of slot duration in a subframe.
- the differentiation method is also a time domain differentiation method.
- the communication data and sensing data received at different times are solved.
- the time slots used to receive sensing reflection data will occupy part of the unused guard band for communication, and allocate time-frequency resources to receive the uplink sensing echo data stream to achieve separation of uplink communication transmission data and uplink sensing echo data on reception. the goal of.
- This solution has minor changes to the existing TDD structure and only needs to define some time slots in the guard band of the existing frame structure to receive the sensing echo signal.
- the TDD frame cycle in the fifth generation mobile communication technology can be roughly divided into three parts: downlink time slot, flexible time slot and uplink time slot.
- the uplink communication transmission data is received in the uplink time slot
- the uplink sensing echo data is received by occupying the time-frequency domain resources of the guard band in the flexible time slot, thereby distinguishing the uplink communication transmission data in the time domain. and uplink sensing echo data.
- the embodiment of the present disclosure adopts the time slot structure of ordinary CP.
- a time slot unit in a subframe can be divided into 14 symbol times. There are N time symbols in the flexible time slot used as upper and lower time symbols.
- the symbol time for receiving downlink reflection sensing data should be arranged after the symbol time for transmitting downlink communication data, and should be arranged before the uplink and downlink guard intervals.
- the base station needs to receive the echo signal within a specified time slot, and the frequency at which sensing is performed is based on the duration of the frame.
- embodiments of the present disclosure provide an adaptive synaesthesia solution that can adaptively adjust the sensing mode and select different time domain differentiation methods according to business communication and sensing requirements.
- Some embodiments of this application allocate separate sensing time slots to receive sensing data.
- the sensing frequency is based on the time slot unit in the subframe.
- the sensing frequency is faster and the sensing performance is improved by sacrificing part of the communication performance. It is suitable for services with high sensing performance requirements.
- Scenes such as high-speed moving scenes.
- Other embodiments of the present application occupy the guard band time slots in the uplink and downlink intervals of each frame to receive sensing data.
- the sensing frequency is based on the frame unit period, and the sensing frequency is performed slowly, which is suitable for business scenarios with low sensing performance requirements.
- the sensing mode can be adaptively selected to meet the needs of communication and sensing.
- the differentiation method can also be code domain differentiation and air domain differentiation.
- the code domain differentiation is done by designing different codebooks for the uplink received communication data and the uplink sensing echo data. This cancellation distinguishes the uplink communication transmission data stream and the uplink sensing echo data stream, and decodes the communication data and sensing data at the receiving end.
- This differentiation method has less impact on the communication capacity and is suitable for complex scenarios such as multi-user environments.
- the airspace distinction uses a dedicated radio frequency channel to receive sensing signals.
- the antenna array is divided into two parts to receive the uplink communication transmission data stream and the uplink sensing echo data stream that are different in spatial angles, and at the receiving end
- this differentiation method requires sacrificing communication airspace resources to receive sensing data, which will partially affect communication performance and requires the base station to have full-duplex capabilities or equivalent capabilities, but it is simple to implement.
- the code domain differentiation and air domain differentiation methods are optional supplementary embodiments and will not be described again here.
- the wireless baseband processing method for integrating communication perception designs the transmitter and receiver applied to the physical layer of the base station, adds an ISAC beam management module to the transmitter, and performs beam management in this module.
- the process is specifically designed, and beam processing methods for different beam management stages are proposed.
- the sensing process of sensing cooperative communication and fine sensing is realized;
- a sensing function module is added to the receiver, through which the base station can obtain synaesthesia signals from synaesthesia signals.
- the sensory information is extracted from the base station to enable the base station to have synaesthesia function.
- the method for distinguishing the uplink communication data and reflected sensing data received by the base station is designed, so that the base station can distinguish communication and sensing data from the received data. It can solve the problems in the existing technology that synaesthesia base stations cannot send synaesthesia integrated waveforms, cannot distinguish and decode the communication data and sensing data of end users and sensing targets, and the sensing process cannot sense sensing objects of non-access communications.
- the present disclosure also proposes a wireless baseband processing device that realizes integration of communication and perception.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a wireless baseband processing device that realizes integration of communication and perception provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the wireless baseband processing device that realizes integrated communication perception includes: coding mapping module 001, carrier modulation module 002, digital/analog conversion module 003, up-conversion processing module 004, ISAC beam management module 005, down-conversion module Processing module 006, analog/digital conversion module 007, carrier demodulation module 008, decoding mapping module 009, sensing function module 010.
- Coding mapping module 001 used to encode the original information bits to generate a data stream, obtain the coding mapping results on each antenna port, and transmit the coding mapping results through the logical interface;
- the carrier modulation module 002 is used to receive the coding mapping result, modulate the coding mapping result to the carrier, obtain the discrete time digital quantity, and transmit it;
- the digital/analog conversion module 003 is used to convert the carrier modulation result from a discrete-time digital quantity to a continuously changing analog quantity, and then obtain the synaesthesia signal through orthogonal modulation;
- the up-conversion processing module 004 is used to modulate the synaesthesia signal to the radio frequency end transmission frequency band and generate a baseband transmission signal;
- ISAC beam management module 005 is used to perform the beam management process. According to the beam established and maintained by the baseband transmission signal, the parameters of the basic unit of the multi-antenna array phase are adjusted through beam forming technology, and the beam shape and direction are adjusted to obtain the synaesthesia waveform; And the base station transmits synaesthetic integrated signals from multiple antennas according to the synaesthesia waveform;
- the down-conversion processing module 006 is used to demodulate the received synaesthesia integrated signal into a baseband signal to obtain the down-conversion processing result;
- Analog/digital conversion module 007 used to convert the down-conversion processing result from an analog domain waveform to a digital domain waveform
- the carrier demodulation module 008 is used to convert the digital domain waveform into a demodulation output signal in symbol format through Fourier transform to obtain the carrier demodulation result;
- the decoding mapping module 009 is used to receive the carrier demodulation result, process the obtained symbol format to generate a data code stream in 0-1 bit format, and decode the data code stream to generate estimated bit information;
- the sensing function module 010 is used to perform sensing signal processing on the analog/digital conversion results to obtain sensing data.
- a third embodiment of the present disclosure provides a computer device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor.
- the processor executes the When the computer program is described, the above-mentioned wireless baseband processing method for integrating communication perception is implemented.
- the fourth embodiment of the present disclosure proposes a computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored.
- the computer program is executed by a processor, the above-mentioned wireless communication-aware integration is implemented.
- Baseband processing methods
- the fifth embodiment of the present disclosure proposes a computer program product, including a computer program, wherein when the computer program is executed by a processor, the wireless baseband processing method for realizing integrated communication perception is implemented as described above. .
- references to the terms “one embodiment,” “some embodiments,” “an example,” “specific examples,” or “some examples” or the like means that specific features are described in connection with the embodiment or example. , structures, materials, or features are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present disclosure. In this specification, the schematic expressions of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, those skilled in the art may combine and combine different embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification unless they are inconsistent with each other.
- first and second are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of indicated technical features. Therefore, features defined as “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of these features.
- “plurality” means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise expressly and specifically limited.
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Abstract
本公开提出一种实现通信感知一体化的无线基带处理方法及装置,包括,在基站无线基带处理流程基础上进行设计,在发送机中新增ISAC波束管理模块,在接收机中新增感知功能模块SF;通过ISAC波束管理模块发送宽通感传输波束并从反射的感知回波中通过SF模块解出感知信息;基于感知信息,通过ISAC波束管理模块收窄波束对准目标位置发送窄通感传输波束;对基站接收的上行通信波束和通感传输波束的回波数据区分方式进行设计,使基站从所述上行通信波束和回波数据中区分出通信和感知数据。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请基于申请号为202211060893.X、申请日为2022年08月30日的中国专利申请提出,并要求该中国专利申请的优先权,该中国专利申请的全部内容在此引入本申请作为参考。
本公开涉及无线通信技术领域,特别是涉及一种实现通信感知一体化的无线基带处理方法和装置。
通信感知一体化是第五代移动通信演进***的关键技术之一。无线通信网络能获取到感知目标的物理参数以辅助通信性能提升,例如根据感知到的数据对用户波束赋形,减少波束训练量,实现高增益通信,又如根据感知到的用户物理参数信息,帮助用户进行移动性管理,缩短用户小区选择、切换等过程,提升通信***的性能。
现有基于通信感知一体化思想设计的基站的感知方式分为两种,一种为通过增加载波使基站变成双载波设备,其中一个载波作为通信使用,另外一个载波作为感知使用。此方案需要占用大量的频谱资源,且通信和感知过程分离,如同通过雷达和基站两个设备完成感知通信流程。另一种为帧结构的基础上进行规划,在特定的时隙上关闭通信传输并进行感知信号的发射和接收,此方案通信和感知过程同样分离,且在感知过程中,基站不再传输数据,对通信吞吐量影响较大。另外,现有技术提出的感知流程先通过参考信号接入波束感知目标的粗略方向,再通过感知信号感知目标精确的位置及运动信息。然而,该感知流程只能感知到接入通信的用户,不能感知到其他不具备通信能力的感知目标,且受多径、遮挡等影响,用户接入的波束有时并非来自基站直接的方向。
发明内容
本公开旨在至少在一定程度上解决相关技术中的技术问题之一。
为此,本公开的目的在于提出一种实现通信感知一体化的无线基带处理方法,用于使基站具备发送通感一体化波形的能力,并能区分及解出终端用户与其他感知目标的通信数据与感知数据,同时实现感知协同通信和精细感知的感知流程。
为达上述目的,本公开第一方面实施例提出了一种实现通信感知一体化的无线基带处理方法,包括:
在基站无线基带处理流程基础上进行设计,在发送机中新增通信感知一体化(ISAC)波束管理模块,在接收机中新增感知功能(SF)模块;
通过所述ISAC波束管理模块发送宽通感传输波束并从反射的感知回波中通过SF模块解出感知信息,所述感知信息包括目标位置;
基于所述感知信息,通过所述ISAC波束管理模块收窄波束对准所述目标位置发送窄通感传输波束;
对所述基站接收的上行通信波束和通感传输波束的回波数据区分方式进行设计,其中所述通感传输波束包括宽通感传输波束和窄通感传输波束,使所述基站从所述上行通
信波束和所述回波数据中区分出通信和感知数据。
进一步地,在本公开的一个实施例中,所述ISAC波束管理模块执行波束管理流程,包括:
通过波束赋形技术调整多天线阵列相位的基本单元的参数,调整波束形状和方向,其中所述波束赋形技术包括波束赋形算法,具体根据以下公式:
其中,sT(t,α,β)是对准空间角度(α,β)的合成信号,α是波束相对于天线视轴的水平角,β是波束相对于天线视轴的俯仰角,λ是发送信号的电磁波的波长,N是总天线个数,(xn,yn,zn)是第n个天线单元在空间中的位置,sn(t)是待发送信号的标量表示;
由发射天线发射通感一体化信号。进一步地,在本公开的一个实施例中,所述通过所述ISAC波束管理模块发送宽通感传输波束并从反射的感知回波中通过SF模块解出感知信息,包括:
获取目标通感请求;
通过所述基站根据所述通感请求建立并发送初始波束,包括以规律的周期发送宽通感传输波束;
通过所述基站接收机接收上行通信数据和所述通感传输波束,从所述上行通信数据和所述宽通感传输波束中解出反射感知数据,并经过SF模块从反射感知数据中获取感知信息。
进一步地,在本公开的一个实施例中,所述宽通感波束可根据具体通感业务需求选择采用具有大波束宽度的波束,或选择采用小波束宽度的窄波束进行时分扫描,覆盖大角度扇形区域。
进一步地,在本公开的一个实施例中,所述基于所述感知信息,通过所述ISAC波束管理模块收窄波束对准目标发送窄通感传输波束,包括:
通过所述基站发送多个通感信号并承载在多个窄波束上;
根据所述感知信息将窄通感传输波束方向对准目标方向,与多用户建立多波束对链接实现通信协同感知。
进一步地,在本公开的一个实施例中,所述通感信号包括信道状态信息参考信号(CSI-RS)、解调参考信号(DMRS)和传输数据的数据载荷信号等信号。
进一步地,在本公开的一个实施例中,还包括:
通过调整所述通感信号在资源网格中的配比,适应业务感知的需求,所述资源网格组成包括频率上的子载波和时间上的符号。
进一步地,在本公开的一个实施例中,所述基站接收的上行通信波束和所述通感波形的回波数据的区分方式为时域区分方式,对所述基站接收的上行通信波束和通感传输波束的回波数据区分方式进行设计包括:
定义新的帧结构,在所述帧结构中分配多个灵活时隙;
在所述灵活时隙中单独分配下行通信传输所需的时频域资源块实现通感信号和通信数据在下行符号中传输,上行感知回波数据通过在灵活时隙中单独分配感知独占的时频域资源进行接收,而上行通信传输数据则在上行时隙中接收;
在时域上区分开上行通信传输数据和上行感知回波数据。进一步地,在本公开的一个实施例中,所述基站接收的上行通信波束和所述通感波形的回波数据的区分方式,包括:
定义新的帧结构,在所述帧结构中分配多个灵活时隙;
在所述灵活时隙中定义自包含时隙实现上行通信传输数据在上行时隙中接收,上行感知回波数据通过在灵活时隙中定义自包含时隙单独分配感知独占的时频域资源进行接收的过程;
在时域上区分开上行通信传输数据和上行感知回波数据。
进一步地,在本公开的一个实施例中,所述基站接收的上行通信波束和所述通感波形的回波数据的区分方式为时域区分方式,且对所述基站接收的上行通信波束和通感传输波束的回波数据区分方式进行设计包括:
通过区分上行通信传输数据和上行感知回波数据的接收时间,上行通信传输数据在上行时隙中接收,上行感知回波数据通过占用灵活时隙中保护带的时频域资源进行接收,解出不同时间接收到的通信数据和感知数据。
进一步地,在本公开的一个实施例中,所述基站接收的上行通信波束和所述通感波形的回波数据的区分方式为码域区分方式,且对所述基站接收的上行通信波束和通感传输波束的回波数据区分方式进行设计包括:
对上行接收通信数据和上行感知回波数据设计不同的码本,在接收时通过码本对消对所述上行通信传输数据流和所述上行感知回波数据流进行区分,并在接收端解出通信数据和感知数据。
进一步地,在本公开的一个实施例中,所述基站接收的上行通信波束和所述通感波形的回波数据的区分方式为空域区分方式,且对所述基站接收的上行通信波束和来自非通信用户返回的通感传输波束回波数据区分方式进行设计包括:
使用专用的射频通道来做感知信号的接收,天线阵列分为两个部分分别接收在空间角度上存在差异的上行通信传输数据流和上行感知回波数据流,并在接收端解出通信数据和感知数据。
为达上述目的,本公开第二方面实施例提出了一种实现通信感知一体化的无线基带处理方法装置,包括以下模块:
编码映射模块,用于对原始信息比特进行编码生成数据码流,获得每个天线端口上的编码映射结果,并将所述编码映射结果通过逻辑接口进行传输;
载波调制模块,用于接收所述编码映射结果,将所述编码映射结调制至载波,得到离散时间的数字量,并进行传输;
数/模转换模块,用于将载波调制结果由所述离散时间的数字量转换为连续变化的模拟量,然后通过正交调制得到通感信号;
上变频处理模块,用于将所述通感信号调制至射频端发射频段,生成基带发射信号;
ISAC波束管理模块,用于执行波束管理流程,根据所述基带发射信号建立和维护的波束,通过波束赋形技术调整多天线阵列相位的基本单元的参数,调整波束形状和方向,得到通感波形;并由所述基站根据所述通感波形发射多天线发射通感一体化信号;
下变频处理模块,用于将接收的通感一体化信号解调为基带信号,得到下变频处理结果;
模/数转换模块,用于将下变频处理结果由模拟域波形转换为数字域波形,得到模/数转换结果;
载波解调模块,用于通过傅立叶变换将数字域波形转换为符号格式的解调输出信号,获得载波解调结果;
解码映射模块,用于接收所述载波解调结果,对获得的符号格式进行处理生成0-1比特格式的数据码流,将所述数据码流进行解码生成估计比特信息;
感知功能模块,用于对模/数转换结果进行感知信号处理,得到感知数据。
进一步地,在本公开的一个实施例中,所述模/数转换模块进一步用于复制所述模/数转换结果以获得两个模/数转换结果,其中一个模/数转换结果进入通信处理流程,另一个模/数转换结果进入感知处理流程。
进一步地,在本公开的一个实施例中,所述通信处理流程包括:将所述模数转换结果通过逻辑接口传输至所述载波解调模块。
进一步地,在本公开的一个实施例中,所述感知处理流程包括:将所述模/数转换结果通过逻辑接口传输至所述感知功能模块。
进一步地,在本公开的一个实施例中,所述感知信号处理包括:
根据回波信号与发射信号的延迟时间、电磁波在空气中的传播速度计算得到感知目标与基站天线间的距离,计算公式如下:
其中,tr为回波信号与发射信号的延迟时间,c为电磁波在空气中的传播速度,d为感知目标与基站天线间的距离;
根据电磁波在空气中的传播速度、多普勒频移、通感一体化波形的发射频率计算得到感知目标的速度,所述多普勒频移为通感一体化波形的发射频率与回波信号的频率偏移,计算公式如下:
其中,c为电磁波在空气中的传播速度,f′0-f0为多普勒频移,f′0为接收回波信号的频率,f0为发射信号的频率;
利用天线阵列和波达方向估计技术得到感知目标所处方向。
进一步地,在本公开的一个实施例中,利用天线阵列和波达方向估计技术得到感知目标所处方向,包括:
根据多阵元天线间空间位置不同所造成的相位差,用空域各阵元接收的数据代替传统时域处理中的时域数据,得到接收信号在不同估计方向角到达不同天线阵元的时间差,定义天线阵列接收k个反射信号,计算公式如下:
其中dm为不同接收天线间距离,c为电磁波在空气中的传播速度,θk为接收回波信号的估计方向到达角,tmk为接收信号到达不同天线阵元的时间差;基于所述接收信号在不同估
计方向角到达不同天线阵元的时间差,构造来波方向的空间导向矢量:
其中,α为给定来波方向相对天线视轴的夹角,d是阵元间距,f0是发送信号的频率,c为电磁波传播的速度,通过给定不同的夹角取值α,空间导向矢量在阵列角度范围内进行扫描,空间谱峰值出现在信号入射位置,得到感知目标所处方向,具体过程为空间导向矢量和接收信号矢量做向量内积,如以下公式:
y=aH(α)·x(n)
y=aH(α)·x(n)
其中,a(α)为空间导向矢量,x(n)为天线阵元接收信号矢量,标量y取最大值时,α的取值即是估计来波方向相对于天线视轴的夹角,并作为DOA估计结果输出。
为达上述目的,本公开第三方面实施例提出了一种计算机设备,其特征在于,包括存储器、处理器及存储在所述存储器上并可在所述处理器上运行的计算机程序,所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时,实现如上所述的一种实现通信感知一体化的无线基带处理方法。
为达上述目的,本公开第四方面实施例提出了一种计算机可读存储介质,其上存储有计算机程序,其特征在于,所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现如上所述的一种实现通信感知一体化的无线基带处理方法。
为达上述目的,本公开第五方面实施例提出了一种计算机程序产品,包括计算机程序,其中,所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现如上所述的一种实现通信感知一体化的无线基带处理方法。
本公开实施例提出的实现通信感知一体化的无线基带处理,对应用于基站物理层发送机和接收机进行设计,在发送机中新增ISAC波束管理模块,并在此模块中对波束管理流程进行具体设计,具体分别提出不同波束管理阶段的波束处理方法,通过此模块实现感知协同通信和精细感知的感知流程;在接收机中新增感知功能模块,通过此模块基站能够从通感信号中解出感知信息,使基站具有通感功能。最后,对基站接收的上行通信数据和反射感知数据区分方式进行设计,基站能从接收的数据中区分出通信和感知数据。可以解决现有技术中通感基站不能发送通感一体化波形、不能区分和解出终端用户和感知目标的通信数据与感知数据、感知流程无法感知到非接入通信的感知对象的问题。
本公开上述的和/或附加的方面和优点从下面结合附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解,其中:
图1为本公开实施例提供的一种实现通信感知一体化的无线基带处理方法设计流程图;
图2为本公开实施例提供的一种物理层通感波形一体化发送机设计示意图;
图3为本公开实施例提供的一种物理层通感波形一体化接收机机设计示意图;
图4为本公开实施例提供的一种传输宽通感传输波束流程设计示意图;
图5为本公开实施例提供的一种传输窄通感传输波束流程设计示意图;
图6为本公开实施例提供的一种时域上区分上行通信传输数据和上行感知回波数据方案设计示例示意图;
图7为本公开实施例提供的另一种时域上区分上行通信传输数据和上行感知回波数据方案设计示例示意图;
图8为本公开实施例提供的一种实现通信感知一体化的无线基带处理装置设计示意图。
下面详细描述本公开的实施例,所述实施例的示例在附图中示出,其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的,旨在用于解释本公开,而不能理解为对本公开的限制。
针对现有技术存在的上述问题,需对传统的基站进行改进设计,使基站具备发送通感一体化波形的能力,并能区分及解出终端用户与其他感知目标的通信数据与感知数据,同时实现感知协同通信和精细感知的感知流程。为此,本公开提出一种能实现通信感知一体化的无线基带处理方法和装置的设计方案。
参考附图描述本公开实施例的实现通信感知一体化的无线基带处理方法和装置。
图1为本公开实施例所提供的一种实现通信感知一体化的无线基带处理方法的流程示意图。
如图1所示,该实现通信感知一体化的无线基带处理方法包括以下步骤:
S101:在基站无线基带处理流程基础上进行设计,在发送机中新增ISAC波束管理模块,在接收机中新增感知功能模块SF;
S102:通过ISAC波束管理模块发送宽通感传输波束并从反射的感知回波中通过SF模块解出感知信息,感知信息包括目标位置;
S103:基于感知信息,通过ISAC波束管理模块收窄波束对准所述目标位置发送窄通感传输波束;
S104:对基站接收的上行通信波束和通感传输波束的回波数据区分方式进行设计,其中通感传输波束包括宽通感传输波束和窄通感传输波束,使基站从上行通信波束和回波数据中区分出通信和感知数据。
通过上述步骤,在传统基站无线基带处理流程基础上新增感知功能(SF)模块和ISAC波束管理模块,通过所述SF模块基站能够从通感信号中解出感知信息,使基站具有通信感知一体化功能,通过所述ISAC波束管理模块,基站可运用宽通感传输波束实现大范围感知,并根据获取的感知信息通过波束赋形技术进一步对通感波束进行调整,运用窄通感传输波束对准通感对象实现感知协同通信的高增益通信和更精确感知。最后,对基站接收的上行通信数据和反射感知数据区分方式进行设计,基站能从接收的数据中区分出通信和感知数据。本公开实施例分别对一种传输宽通感传输波束流程和一种传输窄通感传输波束流程进行设计,并提供了可自适应选择的两种时域上区分上行通信传输数据和上行感知回波数据方案。
参见图2,对于步骤S101,为使基站具有发送通感一体化波形的功能,图2示出一种物理层通感波形一体化发送机设计示意图,应用于无线接入网(RAN)侧基站,包括:编码映射模块、载波调制模块、数/模转换模块、上变频处理模块和ISAC波束管理模块。
编码映射模块用于对原始信息比特进行编码处理,生成数据码流,并对数据码流进行加扰和映射处理,将0-1比特格式映射成符号格式。原始信息比特通过所述编码处理得到传输块中的一个或两个码字后,再通过对编码比特进行加扰和映射将0-1比特格式映射成符号格式。这里,再对生成的星座映射符号进行层映射与空间预编码处理,获得每个天线端口上的编码映射符号。所述编码处理包括但不限于信源编码、信道编码、交织及速率匹配处理等步骤。所述信源编码包括但不限于Huffman编码,所述信道编码不限于polar码、LDPC码、Turbo码和卷积码,所诉交织通过交织器纠正突发性差错,所述速率匹配根据信道编码后的不同码流长度做不同的处理,使码流长度与实际传输能力相匹配,所述加扰处理对信号码元进行有规律的随机化处理,所述映射处理包括但不限于星座映射。所述编码映射符号即为编码映射模块输出结果。
载波调制模块用于接收编码映射结果,将编码映射的结果调制至载波进行传输。所述调制为选择不同的调制方式,所述调制方式包括但不限于单载波调制和多载波调制,所述单载波调制为将编码映射的结果调制至单个载波进行传输,如QAM等,所述多载波调制为将编码映射的结果调制至多个载波进行传输,如OFDM、OFTS等。
本公开实施例采用多载波调制中的OFDM调制,由于编码映射结果为串行输入,因此首先进行串并变换,将高速串行传输转换为低速并行传输,接着采用逆快速傅里叶变换(IFFT)将频域信号转换为时域信号,然后进行并串变换,将信号传输方式从并行传输转换为串行传输,最后给信号加上循环前缀得到每个天线端口的载波调制结果,所述载波调制结果为数字信号格式。
数/模转换模块用于将载波调制结果由数字信号格式转换为模拟信号格式。
上变频处理模块用于将基带信号调制至射频端发射频段。
ISAC波束管理模块用于执行波束管理流程,建立和维护合适的波束,通过波束赋形技术调整多天线阵列相位的基本单元的参数,调整波束形状和方向,得到通感波形。所述波束管理流程包括两部分,第一部分为宽通感传输波束管理流程,基站通过发送宽通感传输波束并从反射的感知回波中解出感知数据,实现广区域范围感知;第二部分为窄通感传输波束管理流程,基站基于第一部分解出的感知数据,根据业务场景的通感需求,调整天线的波宽以及上、下、左、右的方向来实现三维的精准波束赋形,使辐射出去的能量集中于第一部分感知到的终端装置和感知对象的方向,并根据回波信号持续跟踪,实现高信号增益通信和更精细的感知。
其中,通过ISAC波束管理模块执行波束管理流程,包括:
通过波束赋形技术调整多天线阵列相位的基本单元的参数,调整波束形状和方向,其中所述波束赋形技术包括波束赋形算法,具体根据以下公式:
其中,sT(t,α,β)是对准空间角度(α,β)的合成信号,α是波束相对于天线视轴的水平角,β是波束相对于天线视轴的俯仰角,λ是发送信号的电磁波的波长,N是总天线个数,(xn,yn,zn)是第n个天线单元在空间中的位置,sn(t)是待发送信号的标量表示。
最后由发射天线发射通感一体化信号。
参见图3,为使基站支持接收并处理通感一体化波形的功能。图3示出了本公开实
施例提出的一种物理层通感波形一体化接收机设计示意图,应用于无线接入网侧基站,包括下变频处理模块、模/数转换模块、载波解调模块、解码映射模块和感知功能模块。
基站支持接收并处理通感一体化波形的过程包括以下步骤。
由接收天线接收通感一体化信号。
通过下变频处理模块将接收的通感一体化信号下变频为基带信号,得到下变频处理结果,所述下变频处理结果为模拟信号格式。
通过模/数转换模块将下变频处理结果由模拟信号格式转换为数字信号格式,得到模/数转换结果。
将模/数转换结果进行复制,其中一个模/数转换结果进入通信处理流程,另一个模/数转换结果进入感知处理流程。
所述通信处理流程包括:将模数转换结果通过逻辑接口传输至载波解调模块。载波解调模块接收模/数转换结果,对模/数转换结果进行解调,得到解调输出信号,所述解调输出信号为符号格式。再利用每个接收天线端口的信道估计结果,对所述载波解调结果进行空间信道均衡处理,获得载波解调结果。所述解调为依据载波调制模块中的调制方式选择相对应的解调方式,所述解调方式包括但不限于单载波解调和多载波解调,所述单载波解调如QAM解调等,所述多载波解调如OFDM解调、OTFS解调等。
本公开实施例采用多载波解调中的OFDM解调,首先对信号进行去除循环前缀处理,由于模/数转换结果为串行输入,因此需要进行串并变换,将高速串行传输转换为低速并行传输,接着采用快速傅里叶变换(FFT)将时域信号转换为频域信号并进行频域信道均衡,最后进行并串变换,将信号传输方式从并行传输转换为串行传输,得到解调输出信号,所述解调输出信号为符号格式。
解码映射模块接收载波解调结果,进行空间解预编码处理以及层逆映射处理,并将获得的符号格式通过逆映射生成0-1比特格式的数据码流,将数据码流进行解码处理生成估计比特信息,所述估计比特信息即为通信数据。所述逆映射包括但不限于星座逆映射,所述解码处理包括但不限于解交织,信道解码,信源解码等步骤,所述解码处理过程对应所述编码映射模块编码处理过程,此处不再赘述。所述解码映射结果即为通信数据。
所述感知处理流程包括:将模/数转换结果通过逻辑接口传输至感知功能模块。
进一步地,在本公开的一个实施例中,通过ISAC波束管理模块发送宽通感传输波束并从反射的感知回波中通过SF模块解出感知信息,包括:
获取目标通感请求;
通过基站根据通感请求建立并发送初始波束,包括以规律的周期发送宽通感传输波束;
通过基站接收机接收上行通信数据和所述通感传输波束,从上行通信数据和所述宽通感传输波束中解出反射感知数据,并经过SF模块从反射感知数据中获取感知信息。
其中,感知信息的格式为信号强度的点云信息,点云中每个点代表由速度、距离、方向构成的参数组。
进一步地,在本公开的一个实施例中,宽通感波束可根据具体通感业务需求选择采用具有大波束宽度的波束,或选择采用小波束宽度的窄波束进行时分扫描,覆盖大角度扇形区域。
在一些实施例中,基站初始发送多个通感信号并承载在不同的下行波束上,所述通感信号应能周期性地、半持久性地或非周期性地(事件触发)传送,具有广覆盖性、可持续搜索性或可周期广播性等特性。包括但不限于同步信号(SS)和物理广播信道(PBCH)。
在一些实施例中,由于感知覆盖范围的要求,所述下行波束可采用具有大波束宽度的波束,或者可采用小波束宽度的窄波束进行时分扫描,覆盖大角度扇形区域,以实现基站感知对环境和用户终端感知范围的扩展。所述窄波束时分扫描可根据具体感知业务要求(如感知范围),确定不同波束的方位和倾斜方向,采用不同的天线静态权值,运用波束赋形算法生成多个不同方向的静态窄波束来承载通感信号,并在发射时采用时分扫描、逐一发送的方式实现对感知范围的全覆盖。
在用户或者应用功能触发通感请求后,基站将根据通感请求建立并发送初始波束,并在业务结束之前,以规律的周期发送宽波束形状的通感波形,获取基站周围大范围的感知信息;基站发送初始波束后,用户终端在接入后建立波束对进行通信,基站接收机接收到上行通信数据和反射感知数据后,从所述数据中解出反射感知数据,并从反射感知数据中获取到感知信息。其中所述解出反射感知数据为所述接收机中信号处理过程,所述获取感知信息为所述接收机中感知功能模块的信号处理过程。
进一步地,在本公开的一个实施例中,基于所述感知信息,通过ISAC波束管理模块收窄波束对准目标发送窄通感传输波束,包括:
通过基站发送多个通感信号并承载在多个窄波束上;
根据感知信息将窄通感传输波束方向对准目标方向,与多用户建立多波束对链接实现通信协同感知。
在一些实施例中,基站发送多个通感信号并承载在多个窄波束上,所述通感信号包括但不限于信道状态信息参考信号(CSI-RS)、解调参考信号(DMRS)和传输数据的数据载荷信号等信号;基站通过宽通感传输波束回波信息中得到多个终端装置和感知对象粗略位置后,通过所述ISAC波束管理模块对发送的后续波束调整,运用波束赋形算法调整多天线的相位发送信号,让波束收窄,并根据感知对象的移动、转向等行为,将收窄波束方向对准通感对象方向,与多用户建立多波束对链接,基站在目标方向上取得最大信号增益,实现感知精度提升;通感一体化基站通过多址技术为多个终端装置或者多个感知对象提供多个不同的数据流,或者并行从多个终端接收数据流和从多个感知对象接收信号回波,实时从感知的回波信息中获取多个终端装置或者其他感知对象的位置信息,通过ISAC波束管理模块调整和维护波束,维持良好的无线连接以及精细感知,所述多址技术包括但不限于空分多址技术。所述波束调整过程首先通过感知处理模块获取的感知信息物理参数,得到待发送波束的空间导向矢量,并对天线阵元上各阵子加权,使波束赋形算法输出信号收窄并能指向确定的方向,所述空间导向矢量具体可以根据以下公式:
上述公式中,θ是波束相对于天线视轴的夹角,d是阵元间距,f0是发送信号的频率,c为电磁波传播的速度。
所述天线阵子加权过程具体可根据以下公式:
w=[w0,w1,...,wM-1]T
w=[w0,w1,...,wM-1]T
上诉公式中,M是阵子数目,w是波束形成权值向量。
所述波束赋形算法具体可以根据以下公式:
上述公式中,y(t,θ)是波束赋形生成信号,θ是波束相对于天线视轴的夹角,M是阵子数目,xi(t)是各个阵子上信号,x是阵列信号矢量,s(t)是原始信号,wH是波束形成权值向量,a(θ)为空间导向矢量。
所述让波束收窄的过程即为调整波束宽度过程,具体可以根据以下公式:
上述公式中,θBW是天线发送的波束宽度,定义为天线发送信号主瓣两侧辐射功率下降3db的两个方向的夹角(rad);k是波束宽度因子,均匀口径照射情况下k=0.886;λ是发送信号的电磁波的波长,N是线性阵元数,d是阵元间距,θ0是波束相对于天线视轴的夹角。
在一些实施例中,若通感信号采用参考信号,并且所述参考信号与数据载荷信号共同传输,且在收发机处调制解调方式采用多载波调制解调方式,则可根据业务通信和感知的需求,自适应调整所述参考信号与数据载荷信号在资源网格中的配比,例如在高速移动场景或只感知不通信等场景中,基站对感知性能的需求高于通信性能需求,基站可通过提高参考信号在资源网格中的资源配比,以达到高感知性能要求。所述资源网格组成包括频率上的子载波和时间上的符号,所述符号包括但不限于OFDM符号、OFTS符号等。
在一些实施例中,可根据业务感知的需求,调整通感信号在资源网格中的配比,例如可通过提高通感信号在资源网格中频域的占比获得更高的测距感知精度,或可通过提高通感信号在资源网格中时域的占比获得更高的测速感知精度。
在一些实施例中,感知信号处理包括:
根据回波信号与发射信号的延迟时间、电磁波在空气中的传播速度计算得到感知目标与基站天线间的距离,计算公式如下:
其中,tr为回波信号与发射信号的延迟时间,c为电磁波在空气中的传播速度,d为感知目标与基站天线间的距离;
根据电磁波在空气中的传播速度、多普勒频移、通感一体化波形的发射频率计算得到感知目标的速度,所述多普勒频移为通感一体化波形的发射频率与回波信号的频率偏移,计算公式如下:
其中,c为电磁波在空气中的传播速度,f′0-f0为多普勒频移,f′0为接收回波信号的频
率,f0为发射信号的频率;
利用天线阵列和波达方向估计技术得到感知目标所处方向,所述波达方向估计技术包括BARTLETT算法、MUSIC算法。
其中,BARTLETT算法包括:
根据多阵元天线间空间位置不同所造成的相位差,用空域各阵元接收的数据代替传统时域处理中的时域数据,得到接收信号在不同估计方向角到达不同天线阵元的时间差,定义天线阵列接收k个反射信号,计算公式如下:
其中dm为不同接收天线间距离,c为电磁波在空气中的传播速度,θk为接收回波信号的估计方向到达角,tmk为接收信号到达不同天线阵元的时间差;基于所述接收信号在不同估计方向角到达不同天线阵元的时间差,构造来波方向的空间导向矢量:
其中α为给定来波方向相对天线视轴的夹角d是阵元间距,f0是发送信号的频率,c为电磁波传播的速度,通过给定不同的夹角取值α,空间导向矢量在阵列角度范围内进行扫描,空间谱峰值出现在信号入射位置,得到感知目标所处方向,具体过程为空间导向矢量和接收信号矢量做向量内积,如以下公式:
y=aH(α)·x(n)
y=aH(α)·x(n)
其中a(α)为空间导向矢量,x(n)为天线阵元接收信号矢量,标量y取最大值时,α的取值即是估计来波方向相对于天线视轴的夹角,并作为DOA估计结果输出。
所述物理层通感波形一体化接收机设计示意图可以使基站具有接收并处理通感一体化波形的功能。
参见图4,对于步骤S103,为使通感一体化基站初始发送的初始通感波形感知到终端装置和感知对象,本公开实施例提供了一种通感一体化基站初始发送通感一体化波束的波束管理流程,初始发送的通感一体化波束使用宽通感传输波束流程,通感传输波束的扫描范围应覆盖整个基站服务的角扇区。图4为一种传输宽通感传输波束流程设计示意图。
在一些实施例中,如图4所示,在发送的下行波束形状上和接收感知数据方式上有所区分于其他实施例。针对处于所述基站(400)服务范围内的终端装置(410a-410c)和感知对象(420)执行(S102)宽通感传输波束管理过程,其中执行所述宽通感传输波束管理过程包括以下步骤。
在所述宽通感传输波束管理过程期间传送通感信号,基站初始发送多个通感信号并承载在不同的下行波束上,所述下行波束采用大波束宽度的波束(450),为使基站获得感知终端装置和感知对象位置,所述通感信号应能周期性地、半持久性地或非周期性地(事件触发)传送,并能承载在大波束宽度的波束上进行传输,具有广覆盖性、可持续搜索性或可周期广播性等特性,包括但不限于由宽波束承载的同步信号(SS)和物理广播信道(PBCH)。基站发送初始波束后,用户终端在接入后建立波束对进行通信,基站接收机接收到上行传输通信数据(470)和上行感知回波数据(480)后,从所述数据中区分出反射感知数据,并从反
射感知数据中获取到终端装置(410a-410c)和感知对象(420)的感知信息,基站每次发送通感一体化信号都能接收到来自整个覆盖范围的感知波束,执行感知的频率较慢,可根据帧为单位分配出保护带时隙接收感知数据,其中所述解出反射感知数据为所述接收机中信号处理过程,所述获取感知信息为所述接收机中感知功能模块的信号处理过程。
在用户或者应用功能触发通感请求后,基站将根据通感请求建立并发送初始波束,并在业务结束之前,以规律的周期发送宽波束形状的通感波形,获取基站周围大范围的感知信息。
在另一些实施例中,在发送的下行波束形状上和接收感知数据方式上有所区分于其他实施例。针对处于所述基站(400)服务范围内的终端装置(410a-410c)和感知对象(420)执行(S102)宽通感传输波束管理过程,其中执行所述宽通感传输波束管理过程包括以下步骤。
在所述宽通感传输波束管理过程期间传送通感信号,基站初始发送多个通感信号并承载在不同的下行波束上,所述下行波束采用小波束宽度的窄波束(460a~460g)进行时分扫描,为使基站感知获得终端装置和感知对象位置,所述通感信号应能周期性地、半持久性地或非周期性地(事件触发)传送,具有广覆盖性、可持续搜索性或可周期广播性等特性,包括但不限于由经过波束赋形后时分窄波束承载的同步信号(SS)和物理广播信道(PBCH)。基站发送初始波束后,用户终端在接入后建立波束对进行通信,基站接收机接收到上行传输通信数据(470)和上行感知回波数据(480)后,从所述数据中区分出反射感知数据,并从反射感知数据中获取到终端装置(410a-410c)和感知对象(420)的感知信息。基站每次发送通感一体化信号为一组时分扫描的窄波束信号,需在分次发送窄波束信号后接收回波信号执行感知,执行感知的频率较快,可在发送窄波束信号后单独分配时隙接收感知数据,也可通过区分专用天线端口接收感知数据。其中所述解出反射感知数据为所述接收机中信号处理过程,所述获取感知信息为所述接收机中感知功能模块的信号处理过程。
在用户或者应用功能触发通感请求后,基站将根据通感请求建立并发送初始波束,并在业务结束之前,以规律的周期发送广覆盖的时分扫描窄波束的通感波形,获取基站周围大范围的感知信息。
针对处于所述基站(400)服务范围内的终端装置(410a-410c)和感知对象(420)执行(S103)窄通感传输波束管理过程,其中执行所述窄通感传输波束管理过程包括以下步骤。
基站在经过通过宽通感传输波束回波信息中得到终端装置(410a-410c)和感知对象(420)粗略位置这一过程后(S102),通过所述ISAC波束管理模块对发送的后续波束(550a-550d)调整,对波束进行训练,对发送信号进行动态加权,运用波束赋形算法调整多天线的相位发送信号,让波束收窄,形成窄通感传输波束,基站发送的多个通感信号承载在所述多个窄通感传输波束上,所述通感信号包括但不限于信道状态信息参考信号(CSI-RS)、解调参考信号(DMRS)和传输数据的数据载荷信号等信号。基站将所述宽通感传输波束方向对准通感对象方向,同时终端装置若也具有多天线并具有波束管理功能,也可发送窄传输波束(560)建立波束对链接。基站与终端装置建立波束对进行通信后,每次发送窄通感传输波束后接收回波信号执行感知,基站接收机接收到上行传输通信数据(570)和上行感知回波数据(580),从所述数据中区分出反射感知数据,并从反射感知数据中获取到终端装置(410a-410c)和感知对象(420)的感知信息,并能根据解出的感知信息跟踪终端装置(410a-410c)和感知对象(420)。其中所述解出反射感知数据为所述接收机中信号处理过程,所述获取感知信息为所述接收机中感知功能模块的信号处理过程。所述波束训练过程可以参考以下公式:
Y(E)[k]=Z*H[k]W+V(E)[k],
Y(E)[k]=Z*H[k]W+V(E)[k],
其中,Y(E)[k]是第k个子载波上波束训练的全部响应,为(n1*n2)维度的矩阵,其中n1代表接收端有n1个波束接收的方向,n2代表发射端有n2个波束赋形的方向;Z*是所有波束方向的合并器矩阵,为(n1*m)维度的矩阵,其中m代表天线个数;H[k]是第k个子载波上的MIMO信道矩阵;W是所有波束方向预编码器矩阵,为(m*n2)维度的矩阵;V(E)[k]是第k个子载波上波束训练可能产生的后处理噪声,为(n1*n2)维度的矩阵。
根据从通感一体化信号回波中得到的感知信息,可减少基站的波束训练量,提升通信***性能,ISAC模块再选择波束训练过程中合适的波束对进行波束赋形,并使波束可持续追踪通感一体化对象的位置。通过所述窄通感传输波束管理过程,基站与多用户建立多波束对链接,基站在目标方向上取得最大信号增益,并获得精细的感知。
在本公开实施例中通感一体化基站通过空分技术为多个终端装置或者多个感知对象提供多个不同的数据流,或者并行从多个终端接收数据流和从多个感知对象接收信号回波,实时从感知的回波信息中获取多个终端装置或者其他感知对象的位置信息,通过ISAC波束管理模块调整和维护波束,维持良好的无线连接以及精细的感知。
在一些实施例中,本公开实施例提供一种自适应通感方案,可根据业务通信和感知的需求,自适应调整感知模式。
在一些实施例中,若通感信号采用参考信号,并且所述参考信号与数据载荷信号共同传输,则可根据业务通信和感知的需求,自适应调整所述通感信号与数据载荷信号在资源网格中的配比,例如在高速移动场景或只感知不通信等场景中,基站对感知性能的需求高于通信性能需求,基站可通过提高通感信号在资源网格中的资源配比,以达到高感知性能要求。
进一步地,在本公开的一个实施例中,还包括:
通过调整通感信号在资源网格中的配比,适应业务感知的需求,资源网格组成包括频率上的子载波和时间上的符号。
具体包括可根据业务感知的需求,调整通感信号在资源网格中的配比,例如可通过提高通感信号在资源网格中频域的占比获得更高的测距感知精度,或可通过提高通感信号在资源网格中时域的占比获得更高的测速感知精度。所诉资源网格组成包括频率上的子载波(k)和时间上的OFDM符号。
对于步骤104,基站在发送通感波形后,接收机将接收到来自终端装置的上行通信传输数据和来自感知对象或环境的上行感知回波数据,为使接收机对所诉接收数据进行区分,并分别解出通信数据和感知数据,需对接收机区分所述上行通信传输数据和上行感知回波数据的模式进行设计。
进一步地,在本公开的一个实施例中,基站接收的上行通信波束和所述通感波形的回波数据的区分方式,提供一种时域区分方式,具体包括:
定义新的帧结构,在帧结构中分配多个灵活时隙;
在灵活时隙中单独分配下行通信传输所需的时频域实现通感信号和通信数据在下行符号中传输,上行感知回波数据通过在灵活时隙中单独分配感知独占的时频域资源进行接收,而上行通信传输数据则在上行时隙中接收;
在时域上区分开上行通信传输数据和上行感知回波数据。
进一步地,在本公开的一个实施例中,基站接收的上行通信波束和所述通感波形的回波
数据的区分方式,提供另一种时域区分方式,具体包括:
通过区分上行通信传输数据和上行感知回波数据的接收时间,上行通信传输数据在上行时隙中接收,上行感知回波数据通过占用灵活时隙中保护带的时频域资源进行接收,解出不同时间接收到的通信数据和感知数据。
在一些实施例中,如图6所示,通过区分上行通信传输数据和上行感知回波数据的接收时间,解出不同时间接收到的通信数据和感知数据。区别于其他的实施例,通过分配单独的时频资源接收上行感知回波数据流,达到接收上的上行通信传输数据和上行感知回波数据分离的目的。该方案采用时分复用的方式,通过对TDD帧结构进行设计,可以在符号级别、时隙级别或者子帧级别分配单独感知资源接收感知回波数据,执行感知频率更快,需要设计相应信令指示用于指示这些不同类型的帧。
通常第五代移动通信技术中TDD帧周期大致可分为三个部分:下行时隙、灵活时隙和上行时隙。参见图6所示,定义了一种新的TDD帧结构,在帧结构中分配多个灵活时隙,通过在所述灵活时隙中单独分配下行通信传输所需的时频域资源块实现通感信号和通信数据在下行符号中传输,上行感知回波数据通过在灵活时隙中单独分配感知独占的时频域资源进行接收,而上行通信传输数据则在上行时隙中接收的过程,以此在时域上区分开上行通信传输数据和上行感知回波数据。在这一过程中,本公开实施例采用普通CP的时隙结构,在子帧中的一个时隙单元可以被分为14个符号时间,再分出N(14>N>0)个符号时间来接收上行反射感知数据,剩余(14-N)个符号时间仍然用于传输通感信号和通信数据。所述用于接收下行反射感知数据的符号时间应排布在传输通感信号和通信数据的符号时间之后。在此实施例中,在基站触发通感业务流程之后,基站通过PDCCH信道传递信令,配置本公开实施例所述帧结构,实现通信/感知数据的区分。应特别说明的,本公开根据具体的通感业务需求定义的通感帧结构应包括多种类型,在不同通感场景下通过信令来配置合适的通感帧结构。所述通感业务需求包括但不限于感知覆盖范围和感知频率,例如对感知覆盖范围需求高的通感业务,可通过在帧结构中分配更多的符号单位时间来接收上行感知回波数据,分配接收上行反射感知数据的符号时间并不限于一个时隙单位内,考虑到多径、信号衰落与覆盖范围等环境因素影响,应在发送通感信号之后的时间内分配足够接收上行感知回波数据的时频域资源进行接收感知数据的过程;再例如对感知频率需求高的业务,则可通过在帧结构中分配更多的灵活时隙和自包含时隙来增加执行感知的频率。在此实施例中,执行感知的频率以子帧中的时隙时长为单位。
在另一些实施例中,如图7所示,区分方式同为时域区分方式,通过区分上行通信传输数据和上行感知回波数据的接收时间,解出不同时间接收到的通信数据和感知数据。用于接收感知反射数据的时隙将占用通信尚未使用的保护带的部分时隙,分配时频资源进行接收上行感知回波数据流,达到接收上的上行通信传输数据和上行感知回波数据分离的目的。该方案对现有的TDD结构改动较小,只需要在现有帧结构保护带中定义部分时隙接收感知回波信号。
通常第五代移动通信技术中TDD帧周期,大致可分为三个部分:下行时隙、灵活时隙和上行时隙。参见图7所示,上行通信传输数据在上行时隙中接收,上行感知回波数据通过占用灵活时隙中保护带的时频域资源进行接收,以此在时域上区分开上行通信传输数据和上行感知回波数据。在这一过程中,本公开实施例采用普通CP的时隙结构,在子帧中的一个时隙单元可以被分为14个符号时间,在灵活时隙中有N个时间符号用于作为上下行保护间
隔,在上下行保护间隔中分出M(N>M>0)个符号时间来接收下行反射感知数据,剩余(M-N)个符号时间仍然用于作为上下行保护间隔。所述用于接收下行反射感知数据的符号时间应排布在传输下行通信数据的符号时间之后,且应排布在上下行保护间隔之前。在此实施例中,基站发送通感信号后,基站需在规定的时隙内做回波信号的接收,执行感知的频率以帧的时长为单位。
在一些实施例中,本公开实施例提供一种自适应通感方案,可根据业务通信和感知的需求,自适应调整感知模式,选择不同的时域区分方法。本申请一些实施例分配单独感知时隙进行接收感知数据,感知频率以子帧中时隙单位为周期,执行感知频率更快,通过牺牲部分通信性能提高感知性能,适合对感知性能需求高的业务场景,例如高速移动场景。本申请另一些实施例占用每帧上下行间隔中的保护带时隙进行接收感知数据,感知频率以帧单位为周期,执行感知频率较慢,适合对感知性能需求较低的业务场景。在基站执行通感一体的传输流程中,可自适应选择感知模式以适配通信和感知的需求。
区分的方式除了时域区分方式外,还可以是码域区分和空域区分等方式,所述码域区分通过对上行接收通信数据和上行感知回波数据设计不同的码本,在接收时通过码本对消对上行通信传输数据流和上行感知回波数据流进行区分,并在接收端解出通信数据和感知数据,该区分方式对通信容量影响较小,适用于多用户等环境复杂场景。所述空域区分通过使用专用的射频通道来做感知信号的接收,天线阵列分为两个部分分别接收在空间角度上存在差异的上行通信传输数据流和上行感知回波数据流,并在接收端解出通信数据和感知数据,该区分方式需牺牲通信空域资源接收感知数据,对通信性能会造成部分影响,且需要基站具备全双工能力或同等能力,但实施过程中具备简易性。所述码域区分和空域区分方式均为可选的补充实施例,在此不再赘述。
本公开实施例提出的实现通信感知一体化的无线基带处理方法,对应用于基站物理层发送机和接收机进行设计,在发送机中新增ISAC波束管理模块,并在此模块中对波束管理流程进行具体设计,具体分别提出不同波束管理阶段的波束处理方法,通过此模块实现感知协同通信和精细感知的感知流程;在接收机中新增感知功能模块,通过此模块基站能够从通感信号中解出感知信息,使基站具有通感功能。最后,对基站接收的上行通信数据和反射感知数据区分方式进行设计,基站能从接收的数据中区分出通信和感知数据。可以解决现有技术中通感基站不能发送通感一体化波形、不能区分和解出终端用户和感知目标的通信数据与感知数据、感知流程无法感知到非接入通信的感知对象的问题。
为了实现上述实施例,本公开还提出一种实现通信感知一体化的无线基带处理装置。
图8为本公开实施例提供的一种实现通信感知一体化的无线基带处理装置的结构示意图。
如图8所示,该实现通信感知一体化的无线基带处理装置包括:编码映射模块001,载波调制模块002,数/模转换模块003,上变频处理模块004,ISAC波束管理模块005,下变频处理模块006,模/数转换模块007,载波解调模块008,解码映射模块009,感知功能模块010。
编码映射模块001,用于对原始信息比特进行编码生成数据码流,获得每个天线端口上的编码映射结果,并将编码映射结果通过逻辑接口进行传输;
载波调制模块002,用于接收编码映射结果,将编码映射结调制至载波,得到离散时间的数字量,并进行传输;
数/模转换模块003,用于将载波调制结果由离散时间的数字量转换为连续变化的模拟量,然后通过正交调制得到通感信号;
上变频处理模块004,用于将通感信号调制至射频端发射频段,生成基带发射信号;
ISAC波束管理模块005,用于执行波束管理流程,根据基带发射信号建立和维护的波束,通过波束赋形技术调整多天线阵列相位的基本单元的参数,调整波束形状和方向,得到通感波形;并由基站根据通感波形发射多天线发射通感一体化信号;
下变频处理模块006,用于将接收的通感一体化信号解调为基带信号,得到下变频处理结果;
模/数转换模块007,用于将下变频处理结果由模拟域波形转换为数字域波形;
载波解调模块008,用于通过傅立叶变换将数字域波形转换为符号格式的解调输出信号,获得载波解调结果;
解码映射模块009,用于接收载波解调结果,对获得的符号格式进行处理生成0-1比特格式的数据码流,将数据码流进行解码生成估计比特信息;
感知功能模块010,用于对模/数转换结果进行感知信号处理,得到感知数据。
为达上述目的,本公开第三方面实施例提出了一种计算机设备,包括存储器、处理器及存储在所述存储器上并可在所述处理器上运行的计算机程序,所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时,实现如上所述的实现通信感知一体化的无线基带处理方法。
为达上述目的,本公开第四方面实施例提出了一种计算机可读存储介质,其上存储有计算机程序,所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现如上所述的实现通信感知一体化的无线基带处理方法。
为达上述目的,本公开第五方面实施例提出了一种计算机程序产品,包括计算机程序,其中,所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现如上所述的实现通信感知一体化的无线基带处理方法。
在本说明书的描述中,参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本公开的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中,对上述术语的示意性表述不必须针对的是相同的实施例或示例。而且,描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。此外,在不相互矛盾的情况下,本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或示例以及不同实施例或示例的特征进行结合和组合。
此外,术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的,而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此,限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。在本公开的描述中,“多个”的含义是至少两个,例如两个,三个等,除非另有明确具体的限定。
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本公开的实施例,可以理解的是,上述实施例是示例性的,不能理解为对本公开的限制,本领域的普通技术人员在本公开的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型
Claims (20)
- 一种实现通信感知一体化的无线基带处理方法,包括:在基站无线基带处理流程基础上进行设计,在发送机中新增通信感知一体化(ISAC)波束管理模块,在接收机中新增感知功能(SF)模块;通过所述ISAC波束管理模块发送宽通感传输波束并从反射的感知回波中通过所述SF模块解出感知信息,所述感知信息包括目标位置;基于所述感知信息,通过所述ISAC波束管理模块收窄波束对准所述目标位置发送窄通感传输波束;对所述基站接收的上行通信波束和通感传输波束的回波数据区分方式进行设计,其中所述通感传输波束包括宽通感传输波束和窄通感传输波束,使所述基站从所述上行通信波束和所述回波数据中区分出通信和感知数据。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述ISAC波束管理模块执行波束管理流程,包括:通过波束赋形技术调整多天线阵列相位的基本单元的参数,调整波束形状和方向,其中所述波束赋形技术包括波束赋形算法,具体根据以下公式:
其中,sT(t,α,β)是对准空间角度(α,β)的合成信号,α是波束相对于天线视轴的水平角,β是波束相对于天线视轴的俯仰角,λ是发送信号的电磁波的波长,N是总天线个数,(xn,yn,zn)是第n个天线单元在空间中的位置,sn(t)是待发送信号的标量表示;由发射天线发射通感一体化信号。 - 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述通过所述ISAC波束管理模块发送宽通感传输波束并从反射的感知回波中通过SF模块解出感知信息,包括:获取目标通感请求;通过所述基站根据所述通感请求建立并发送初始波束,包括以规律的周期发送宽通感传输波束;通过所述基站接收机接收上行通信数据和所述通感传输波束,从所述上行通信数据和所述宽通感传输波束中解出反射感知数据,并经过SF模块从反射感知数据中获取感知信息。
- 根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中,所述宽通感波束根据具体通感业务需求选择采用具有大波束宽度的波束,或选择采用小波束宽度的窄波束进行时分扫描,覆盖大角度扇形区域。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述基于所述感知信息,通过所述ISAC波束管理模块收窄波束对准目标发送窄通感传输波束,包括:通过所述基站发送多个通感信号并承载在多个窄波束上;根据所述感知信息将窄通感传输波束方向对准目标方向,与多用户建立多波束对链接实现通信协同感知。
- 根据权利要求5所述的方法,其中,所述通感信号包括信道状态信息参考信号(CSI-RS)、解调参考信号(DMRS)和传输数据的数据载荷信号等信号。
- 根据权利要求5所述的方法,还包括:通过调整所述通感信号在资源网格中的配比,适应业务感知的需求,所述资源网格组成包括频率上的子载波和时间上的符号。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述基站接收的上行通信波束和所述通感波形的回波数据的区分方式为时域区分方式,且对所述基站接收的上行通信波束和通感传输波束的回波数据区分方式进行设计包括:定义新的帧结构,在所述帧结构中分配多个灵活时隙;在所述灵活时隙中单独分配下行通信传输所需的时频域资源块实现通感信号和通信数据在下行符号中传输,上行感知回波数据通过在灵活时隙中单独分配感知独占的时频域资源进行接收,而上行通信传输数据则在上行时隙中接收;在时域上区分开上行通信传输数据和上行感知回波数据。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述基站接收的上行通信波束和所述通感波形的回波数据的区分方式为时域区分方式,且对所述基站接收的上行通信波束和通感传输波束的回波数据区分方式进行设计包括:通过区分上行通信传输数据和上行感知回波数据的接收时间,上行通信传输数据在上行时隙中接收,上行感知回波数据通过占用灵活时隙中保护带的时频域资源进行接收,解出不同时间接收到的通信数据和感知数据。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述基站接收的上行通信波束和所述通感波形的回波数据的区分方式为码域区分方式,且对所述基站接收的上行通信波束和通感传输波束的回波数据区分方式进行设计包括:对上行接收通信数据和上行感知回波数据设计不同的码本,在接收时通过码本对消对所述上行通信传输数据流和所述上行感知回波数据流进行区分,并在接收端解出通信数据和感知数据。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述基站接收的上行通信波束和所述通感波形的回波数据的区分方式为空域区分方式,且对所述基站接收的上行通信波束和来自非通信用户返回的通感传输波束的回波数据区分方式进行设计包括:使用专用的射频通道来做感知信号的接收,天线阵列分为两个部分分别接收在空间角度上存在差异的上行通信传输数据流和上行感知回波数据流,并在接收端解出通信数据和感知数据。
- 一种实现通信感知一体化的无线基带处理装置,包括:编码映射模块,用于对原始信息比特进行编码生成数据码流,获得每个天线端口上的编码映射结果,并将所述编码映射结果通过逻辑接口进行传输;载波调制模块,用于接收所述编码映射结果,将所述编码映射结调制至载波,得到离散时间的数字量,并进行传输;数/模转换模块,用于将载波调制结果由所述离散时间的数字量转换为连续变化的模拟量,然后通过正交调制得到通感信号;上变频处理模块,用于将所述通感信号调制至射频端发射频段,生成基带发射信号;ISAC波束管理模块,用于执行波束管理流程,根据所述基带发射信号建立和维护的波束,通过波束赋形技术调整多天线阵列相位的基本单元的参数,调整波束形状和方向,得到通感波形;并由所述基站根据所述通感波形发射多天线发射通感一体化信号;下变频处理模块,用于将接收的通感一体化信号解调为基带信号,得到下变频处理结果;模/数转换模块,用于将下变频处理结果由模拟域波形转换为数字域波形,得到模/数转换结果;载波解调模块,用于通过傅立叶变换将数字域波形转换为符号格式的解调输出信号,获得载波解调结果;解码映射模块,用于接收所述载波解调结果,对获得的符号格式进行处理生成0-1比特格式的数据码流,将所述数据码流进行解码生成估计比特信息;感知功能模块,用于对模/数转换结果进行感知信号处理,得到感知数据。
- 根据权利要求12所述的装置,其中,所述模/数转换模块进一步用于复制所述模/数转换结果以获得两个模/数转换结果,其中一个模/数转换结果进入通信处理流程,另一个模/数转换结果进入感知处理流程。
- 根据权利要求13所述的装置,其中,所述通信处理流程包括:将所述模数转换结果通过逻辑接口传输至所述载波解调模块。
- 根据权利要求13所述的装置,其中,所述感知处理流程包括:将所述模/数转换结果通过逻辑接口传输至所述感知功能模块。
- 根据权利要求12所述的装置,其中,所述感知信号处理包括:根据回波信号与发射信号的延迟时间、电磁波在空气中的传播速度计算得到感知目标与基站天线间的距离,计算公式如下:
其中,tr为回波信号与发射信号的延迟时间,c为电磁波在空气中的传播速度,d为感知目标与基站天线间的距离;根据电磁波在空气中的传播速度、多普勒频移、通感一体化波形的发射频率计算得到感知目标的速度,所述多普勒频移为通感一体化波形的发射频率与回波信号的频率偏移,计算公式如下:
其中,c为电磁波在空气中的传播速度,f′0-f0为多普勒频移,f′0为接收回波信号的频率,f0为发射信号的频率;利用天线阵列和波达方向估计技术得到感知目标所处方向。 - 根据权利要求13的装置,其中,利用天线阵列和波达方向估计技术得到感知目标所处方向,包括:根据多阵元天线间空间位置不同所造成的相位差,用空域各阵元接收的数据代替传统时域处理中的时域数据,得到接收信号在不同估计方向角到达不同天线阵元的时间差,定义天线阵列接收k个反射信号,计算公式如下:
其中dm为不同接收天线间距离,c为电磁波在空气中的传播速度,θk为接收回波信号的估计方向到达角,tmk为接收信号到达不同天线阵元的时间差;基于所述接收信号在不同估计方向角到达不同天线阵元的时间差,构造来波方向的空间导向矢量:
其中,α为给定来波方向相对天线视轴的夹角d是阵元间距,f0是发送信号的频率,c为电磁波传播的速度,通过给定不同的夹角取值α,空间导向矢量在阵列角度范围内进行扫描,空间谱峰值出现在信号入射位置,得到感知目标所处方向,具体过程为空间导向矢量和接收信号矢量做向量内积,如以下公式:
y=aH(α)·x(n)其中,a(α)为空间导向矢量,x(n)为天线阵元接收信号矢量,标量y取最大值时,α的取值即是估计来波方向相对于天线视轴的夹角,并作为DOA估计结果输出。 - 一种计算机设备,其中,包括存储器、处理器及存储在所述存储器上并可在所述处理器上运行的计算机程序,所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时,实现如权利要求1-11中任一所述的实现通信感知一体化的无线基带处理方法。
- 一种计算机可读存储介质,其上存储有计算机程序,其中,所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现如权利要求1-11任意一项所述的实现通信感知一体化的无线基带处理方法。
- 一种计算机程序产品,包括计算机程序,其中,所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现如权利要求1-11中任一项所述的方法。
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