WO2024044941A1 - 电池单体、电池及用电装置 - Google Patents

电池单体、电池及用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024044941A1
WO2024044941A1 PCT/CN2022/115742 CN2022115742W WO2024044941A1 WO 2024044941 A1 WO2024044941 A1 WO 2024044941A1 CN 2022115742 W CN2022115742 W CN 2022115742W WO 2024044941 A1 WO2024044941 A1 WO 2024044941A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery cell
wall
detection component
cell according
electrode terminal
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/115742
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈龙
林蹬华
周芳杰
郑于炼
王鹏
金海族
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2022/115742 priority Critical patent/WO2024044941A1/zh
Publication of WO2024044941A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024044941A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/569—Constructional details of current conducting connections for detecting conditions inside cells or batteries, e.g. details of voltage sensing terminals
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device.
  • Battery cells are widely used in electronic devices, such as mobile phones, laptops, battery cars, electric cars, electric airplanes, electric ships, electric toy cars, electric toy ships, electric toy airplanes, electric tools, etc.
  • the battery cells may include cadmium-nickel battery cells, nickel-hydrogen battery cells, lithium-ion battery cells, secondary alkaline zinc-manganese battery cells, etc.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a battery cell, a battery and a power device, which can effectively improve the safety and reliability of the battery cell.
  • inventions of the present application provide a battery cell.
  • the battery cell includes a casing, an electrode assembly, a detection component and a protection structure.
  • the casing has a receiving cavity, the electrode assembly is received in the receiving cavity, and the detection component is connected to
  • the outer casing is used to detect the working status of the battery cell, and the protective structure covers at least part of the surface of the detection component.
  • the detection component can detect the working status of the battery cell in real time, and can quickly detect abnormal parameters in the operation of the battery cell. Early warning can enable corresponding safety agencies or personnel to respond in a timely manner, thereby improving the safety and reliability of battery cells.
  • the protective structure covers at least part of the surface of the detection component, which can reduce the risk of damage to the detection component during the production or use of the battery cell.
  • the housing includes a first wall, and the detection assembly is connected to the first wall.
  • the detection component is located on a side of the first wall away from the accommodation cavity, which can reduce the detection component's occupation of the internal space of the battery cell and is beneficial to improving the energy density of the battery cell. Furthermore, the detection component is located on the side of the first wall facing away from the accommodation cavity, which facilitates the assembly of the detection component.
  • the housing includes an electrode terminal that protrudes from a side surface of the first wall facing away from the accommodation cavity.
  • the electrode terminal is electrically connected to the tab of the electrode assembly, and the detection component is electrically connected to the electrode terminal.
  • a surface of the protective structure facing away from the first wall is no higher than a surface of the electrode terminal facing away from the first wall.
  • the protective structure covering the surface of the detection component does not increase the thickness of the first wall, which is beneficial to reducing the overall volume of the battery cell. Furthermore, it can reduce the possibility of interference between the protective structure and other components in the battery. risk.
  • the detection component is located on the side of the first wall facing the accommodation cavity, which is beneficial to reducing the overall volume of the battery cell. Furthermore, the detection assembly is located on the side of the first wall facing the accommodation cavity. It can improve the flatness and integrity of the outer surface of the battery cells.
  • the first wall is provided with a recess, and the recess is formed by a recess on a side surface of the first wall away from the accommodating cavity in a direction toward the accommodating cavity; or, the recess is formed by a side surface of the first wall facing the accommodating cavity.
  • the side surface is recessed in a direction away from the accommodation cavity; the detection component is at least partially accommodated in the recess.
  • the flatness of the surface of the first wall can be improved and the risk of interference between the detection component and other components in the battery can be reduced.
  • the shape and size of the protective structure match the shape and size of the outer contour of the recessed portion, which can improve the tightness of the cooperation between the protective structure and the recessed portion and further enhance the protective effect of the protective structure.
  • the surface of the protective structure facing away from the first wall is no higher than the side surface of the first wall facing away from the accommodation cavity, which can further improve the flatness of the first wall surface.
  • the protective structure includes a main body portion covering at least part of the surface of the detection component.
  • the main body part has a certain thickness and hardness, and thus has strong resistance to deformation, and can more effectively protect the detection components.
  • the protective structure further includes a side part, and the side part is connected to the main body part around to form an accommodation space, and the accommodation space is used to accommodate the detection component.
  • the protective structure as a cover-shaped structure with an accommodation space
  • the detection assembly can be accommodated in the accommodation space while covering and protecting the detection assembly, thereby reducing the risk of the protection structure and the detection assembly
  • the risk of interference further improves the protective effect of the protective structure.
  • the protective structure is a film structure, and the film structure is attached to at least part of the surface of the detection component.
  • the protective structure is configured as a membrane structure.
  • the membrane structure has a thin thickness and can be attached to the surface of the detection component, which can effectively reduce the structural complexity of the protection structure.
  • the film structure can be attached to the surface of the detection component to form a protective structure during the manufacturing process of the detection component, which is beneficial to simplifying the process flow.
  • the protective structure is connected to the housing in a snap-on or adhesive manner.
  • the protective structure when the protective structure is connected to the casing of the battery cell in an adhesive manner, the protective effect of the protective structure can be further enhanced.
  • the protective structure When the protective structure is connected to the shell of the battery cell in a snap-fit manner, it is helpful to improve the convenience of installation of the protective structure.
  • the battery cell further includes an insulating member for insulating the electrode terminal and the first wall;
  • the detection component includes a sensing component and a wire connected to each other, and the sensing component is electrically connected to the wire through the wire. Electrode terminals.
  • a connecting portion is provided on a side surface of the electrode terminal facing away from the first wall, and the wire is connected to the connecting portion, so that the sensing component is electrically connected to the electrode terminal.
  • the insulating member has a convex portion protruding from a side surface of the electrode terminal facing away from the first wall, and the convex portion is used to separate the side surface of the electrode terminal facing away from the first wall from the connecting portion.
  • the insulating member is provided with a through hole, and the wire is connected to the electrode terminal through the through hole.
  • the wire passes through the through hole and is connected to the electrode terminal located inside the insulating member.
  • the connection part between the wire and the electrode terminal is located inside the insulating member, which reduces the connection part between the wire and the electrode terminal from being exposed to the external environment. and risk of damage.
  • the housing includes a housing and an end cover, the housing has an opening, and the end cover is used to cover the opening; the end cover is the first wall of the housing.
  • the protective structure is provided with a reinforcing portion, and the reinforcing portion is formed by protruding from a surface of the protective structure on a side facing away from the detection component.
  • the compressive strength of the protective structure can be enhanced, further improving the protective effect of the protective structure.
  • the material of the protective structure is an insulating and heat-insulating material.
  • the impact of the heat generated by the battery cells on the protective structure during use can be reduced, and the service life of the protective structure is improved. At the same time, it can reduce the risk of short circuit caused by contact interference between the protective structure and the detection component, thereby affecting the normal use of the detection component.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a battery, including the battery cell provided in any embodiment of the second aspect.
  • embodiments of the present application provide an electrical device, including the battery cell provided in any embodiment of the second aspect, and the battery cell is used to provide electric energy.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded schematic diagram of a battery provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the battery module shown in Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 is an exploded schematic diagram of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 5 is an exploded schematic diagram of the first wall of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a protection structure provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of another protection structure provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 8 is an exploded schematic diagram of the first wall of another battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of an electrode terminal of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the partial structure of the electrode terminal of another battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the partial structure of the electrode terminal of another battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic structural diagram of another protection structure provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Electrode assembly 20. Shell; 30. First wall; 31. Electrode terminal; 32. Recessed portion; 33. Insulating member; 331. Protruding portion; 332. Through hole; 40. Detection component; 41. Sensing component; 42. Wire; 43. Connection part; 50. Protection structure; 51. Main part; 52. Side part; 53. Reinforcement part.
  • an embodiment means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the application.
  • the appearances of this phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense.
  • connection can be a fixed connection, It can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be internal communication between two components.
  • connection can be a fixed connection
  • connection can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be internal communication between two components.
  • connection can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be internal communication between two components.
  • “Plural” appearing in this application means two or more (including two).
  • parallel includes not only the absolutely parallel situation, but also the roughly parallel situation that is conventionally recognized in engineering; at the same time, the term “perpendicular” includes not only the absolutely vertical situation, but also the roughly parallel situation that is conventionally recognized in engineering. vertical situation.
  • Power batteries are not only used in energy storage power systems such as hydropower, thermal power, wind power and solar power stations, but are also widely used in electric vehicles such as electric bicycles, electric motorcycles and electric cars, as well as in many fields such as military equipment and aerospace. . As the application fields of power batteries continue to expand, their market demand is also constantly expanding.
  • battery cells may include lithium ion secondary battery cells, lithium ion primary battery cells, lithium sulfur battery cells, sodium lithium ion battery cells, sodium ion battery cells or magnesium ion battery cells, etc.
  • the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.
  • the battery cell may be in the shape of a cylinder, a flat body, a rectangular parallelepiped or other shapes, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of this application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery mentioned in this application may include a battery module or a battery pack.
  • Batteries generally include a box for packaging one or more battery cells. The box can prevent liquid or other foreign matter from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode assembly and an electrolyte.
  • the electrode assembly consists of a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet and a separator. Battery cells mainly rely on the movement of metal ions between the positive and negative electrodes to work.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer.
  • the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector.
  • the current collector that is not coated with the positive electrode active material layer protrudes from the current collector that is coated with the positive electrode active material layer.
  • the current collector coated with the positive electrode active material layer is laminated to form a positive electrode tab.
  • the material of the positive electrode current collector can be aluminum, and the positive electrode active material can be lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium or lithium manganate, etc.
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer.
  • the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector.
  • the current collector that is not coated with the negative electrode active material layer protrudes from the current collector that is coated with the negative electrode active material layer.
  • the current collector coated with the negative electrode active material layer is laminated to serve as the negative electrode tab.
  • the material of the negative electrode current collector can be copper, and the negative electrode active material can be carbon or silicon.
  • the material of the diaphragm can be PP or PE, etc.
  • the electrode assembly may have a rolled structure or a laminated structure, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.
  • the battery cell also includes an outer casing, which includes a casing, an end cover, an electrode terminal and an insulator.
  • the casing has an opening, and the end cap covers the opening and is sealingly connected to form a sealed space for accommodating the electrode assembly and the electrolyte.
  • the insulating piece is set on the electrode terminal to prevent short circuit at the electrode terminal.
  • the inventor of the present application noticed that currently existing battery cells are not equipped with detection components, so the working status of the battery cells cannot be detected in real time.
  • the working status of the battery cell includes but is not limited to voltage, temperature and other related data.
  • currently existing battery cells are not equipped with a protection structure to protect the detection components.
  • the inventor of this application found that the working status of a battery cell can be detected in real time by setting a detection component.
  • the detection component can control the working status of the battery cells in real time, and can quickly provide early warning for abnormal parameters in the operation of the battery cells, allowing the corresponding safety agencies or personnel to respond in a timely manner, thereby improving the safety of the battery cells. performance and reliability.
  • setting up a protective structure to protect the detection component can reduce the risk of damage to the detection component during the use of the battery cell.
  • the inventor has designed a battery cell after in-depth research.
  • a detection component on the battery cell and a protection structure for protecting the detection component
  • the working status of the battery cell can be controlled in real time. At the same time, it can also reduce the risk of damage to the detection component during the use of the battery cells.
  • Electrical devices can be vehicles, cell phones, portable devices, laptops, ships, spacecraft, electric toys and power tools, etc.
  • Vehicles can be fuel vehicles, gas vehicles or new energy vehicles, and new energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles or extended-range vehicles, etc.
  • spacecraft include aircraft, rockets, space shuttles, spaceships, etc.
  • electric toys include fixed Type or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys, electric airplane toys, etc.
  • electric tools include metal cutting electric tools, grinding electric tools, assembly electric tools and railway electric tools, for example, Electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, planers and more.
  • Electric drills Electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, planers and more.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • a battery 2 is provided inside the vehicle 1 , and the battery 2 can be provided at the bottom, head, or tail of the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 2 may be used to power the vehicle 1 , for example, the battery 2 may be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1 .
  • the vehicle 1 may also include a controller 3 and a motor 4.
  • the controller 3 is used to control the battery 2 to provide power to the motor 4, for example, to meet the power requirements for starting, navigation and driving of the vehicle 1.
  • the battery 2 can not only be used as the operating power source of the vehicle 1, but also can be used as the driving power source of the vehicle 1, replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1.
  • Figure 2 is an exploded schematic diagram of a battery provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery 2 includes a case 5 and a battery cell, and the battery cells are accommodated in the case 5 .
  • the box 5 is used to accommodate battery cells, and the box 5 can be of various structures.
  • the box body 5 may include a first box body part 5a and a second box body part 5b.
  • the first box body part 5a and the second box body part 5b cover each other.
  • the first box body part 5a and the second box body part 5b cover each other.
  • the two box portions 5b jointly define an accommodating space 5c for accommodating battery cells.
  • the second box part 5b can be a hollow structure with one end open, and the first box part 5a is a plate-like structure.
  • the first box part 5a is covered with the opening side of the second box part 5b to form a receiving space 5c.
  • the box body 5; the first box body part 5a and the second box body part 5b can also be a hollow structure with one side open, and the opening side of the first box body part 5a is covered with the opening side of the second box body part 5b , to form a box 5 having an accommodation space 5c.
  • the first box part 5a and the second box part 5b can be in various shapes, such as cylinder, rectangular parallelepiped, etc.
  • a sealing member may also be provided between the first box part 5a and the second box part 5b, such as sealant, sealing ring, etc. .
  • the first box part 5a can also be called an upper box cover, and the second box part 5b can also be called a lower box.
  • the battery 2 there may be one battery cell or a plurality of battery cells. If there are multiple battery cells, the multiple battery cells can be connected in series, in parallel, or in mixed connection. Mixed connection means that multiple battery cells are connected in series and in parallel. Multiple battery cells can be directly connected in series or parallel or mixed together, and then the whole composed of multiple battery cells can be accommodated in the box 5; of course, multiple battery cells can also be connected in series or parallel first or A battery module 6 is formed by a mixed connection, and multiple battery modules 6 are connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form a whole, and are accommodated in the box 5 .
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the battery module shown in FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 3 there are multiple battery cells 7 , and the plurality of battery cells 7 are first connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form the battery module 6 .
  • a plurality of battery modules 6 are connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form a whole, and are accommodated in the box.
  • the plurality of battery cells 7 in the battery module 6 can be electrically connected through bus components to achieve parallel, series or mixed connection of the plurality of battery cells 7 in the battery module 6 .
  • Figure 4 is an exploded schematic diagram of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell 7 provided by the embodiment of the present application includes an electrode assembly 10 and a casing 20 , and the electrode assembly 10 is accommodated in the casing 20 .
  • Housing 20 may also be used to contain electrolytes, such as electrolytes.
  • the housing 20 includes a first wall 30 , and the housing 20 can be in various shapes, such as a cylinder, a cuboid, etc.
  • the shape of the housing 20 can be determined according to the specific shape of the electrode assembly 10 . For example, if the electrode assembly 10 has a cylindrical structure, a cylindrical shell can be selected; if the electrode assembly 10 has a rectangular parallelepiped structure, a rectangular parallelepiped shell can be selected.
  • the battery cell 7 there may be one, two or more electrode assemblies 10 accommodated in the casing 20 .
  • the casing 20 there may be one, two or more electrode assemblies 10 accommodated in the casing 20 .
  • Figure 5 is an exploded schematic diagram of the first wall of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell 7.
  • the battery cell 7 includes a casing 20, an electrode assembly 10, a detection assembly 40 and a protection structure 50.
  • the housing 20 has a receiving cavity.
  • the electrode assembly 10 is accommodated in the accommodation cavity.
  • the detection assembly 40 is connected to the housing 20 and used to detect the working status of the battery cell 7 .
  • the protective structure 50 covers at least part of the surface of the detection assembly 40 .
  • the detection component 40 can be disposed on the side of the housing 20 facing away from the accommodating cavity, or can also be disposed on the side of the housing 20 facing the accommodating cavity.
  • the detection component 40 is arranged on the side of the housing 20 away from the accommodation cavity, which can reduce the occupation of the internal space of the battery cell 7 by the detection assembly 40; overall volume.
  • the detection component 40 can detect the working status of the battery cell 7 in real time, where the working status of the battery cell 7 includes but is not limited to voltage, temperature and other related data.
  • the housing 20 includes a first wall 30 to which the detection assembly 40 is connected.
  • the first wall 30 may be any wall surrounding the housing 20 of the battery cell 7 , and the connection method between the detection component 40 and the first wall 30 may be, but is not limited to, welding, snapping, or bonding.
  • the detection component 40 is located on a side of the first wall 30 facing away from the accommodation cavity, that is, the detection component 40 is located outside the battery cell 7 . It can reduce the space occupied by the detection component 40 inside the battery cell 7 , which is beneficial to improving the energy density of the battery cell 7 . Furthermore, the detection assembly 40 is located on the side of the first wall 30 away from the accommodation cavity, which also facilitates the assembly of the detection assembly 40 .
  • the protective structure 50 covers at least part of the surface of the detection component 40 , which can reduce the risk of the detection component 40 being damaged during the production or use of the battery cell 7 .
  • the shape of the orthographic projection of the protective structure 50 on the first wall 30 may be a rectangle, a triangle, a circle, etc. This application does not cover the shape of the orthographic projection of the protective structure 50 on the detection component 40 Limitations can be made based on the actual situation.
  • the protective structure 50 may be, but is not limited to, a sheet-like structure, a cover-like structure, a film structure, etc.
  • the detection component 40 can detect the working status of the battery cell 7 in real time. Abnormal parameters in can provide rapid early warning, allowing corresponding safety agencies or personnel to respond in a timely manner, thereby improving the safety and reliability of the battery cells 7 .
  • the protective structure 50 covers at least part of the surface of the detection component 40 , which can reduce the risk of the detection component 40 being damaged during the production or use of the battery cell 7 .
  • the housing 20 includes an electrode terminal 31 that protrudes from a side surface of the first wall 30 facing away from the accommodation cavity.
  • the electrode terminal 31 is electrically connected to the tab of the electrode assembly 10 , and the detection component 40 is connected to the electrode terminal. 31 electrical connections.
  • connection method between the electrode terminal 31 and the first wall 30 may be but is not limited to welding, riveting or bonding.
  • the detection component 40 is electrically connected to the electrode terminal 31 and can detect the voltage, temperature and other relevant data at the electrode terminal 31 of the battery cell 7 to facilitate real-time management and control of the working status of the battery cell 7.
  • the abnormal parameters can provide rapid early warning, allowing corresponding safety agencies or personnel to respond in a timely manner, thereby improving the safety and reliability of the battery cells 7 .
  • the surface of the protection structure 50 facing away from the first wall 30 is no higher than the surface of the electrode terminal 31 facing away from the first wall 30 .
  • the concept of the present invention is explained by taking the detection component 40 being disposed on the side of the first wall 30 away from the accommodation cavity as an example.
  • the electrode terminal 31 protrudes from a side surface of the first wall 30 facing away from the accommodation cavity, and the protective structure 50 covers at least part of the surface of the detection component 40 .
  • the surface of the protective structure 50 facing away from the first wall 30 is not higher than the surface of the electrode terminal 31 facing away from the first wall 30 . That is to say, the sum of the thicknesses of the protective structure 50 and the detection component 40 is not higher than the surface of the protective structure 50 facing away from the first wall 30 . It is greater than the thickness of the electrode terminal 31 protruding from the side surface of the first wall 30 facing away from the accommodation cavity.
  • the protective structure 50 covering the surface of the detection component 40 does not increase the thickness of the first wall 30, which is conducive to reducing the overall volume of the battery cell 7. Furthermore, the distance between the protective structure 50 and the battery center can be reduced. Risk of interference from other components.
  • the detection component 40 is located on a side of the first wall 30 facing the accommodation cavity, that is, the detection component 40 is located inside the battery cell 7 . It is beneficial to reduce the overall volume of the battery cell 7. Furthermore, locating the detection component 40 on the side of the first wall 30 facing the accommodation cavity can also improve the flatness and integrity of the outer surface of the battery cell 7.
  • the first wall 30 is provided with a recess 32 , which is formed by a recess on a side surface of the first wall 30 away from the accommodation cavity in a direction toward the accommodation cavity; or, the recess 32 is formed by the first wall 30 toward the accommodation cavity.
  • One side surface of the detector is recessed along the direction away from the accommodation cavity; the detection component 40 is at least partially accommodated in the recess 32 .
  • the recess 32 is formed by a recess in the direction toward the accommodation cavity from the side surface of the first wall 30 facing away from the accommodation cavity, and the detection component is at least partially accommodated. in the recessed portion 32.
  • the shape of the orthographic projection of the recess 32 on the first wall 30 may be a rectangle, a triangle, a circle, etc., or may be a shape that matches the outline of the detection component 40 .
  • the recess 32 is formed by a recess on the side surface of the first wall 30 facing the accommodation cavity in a direction away from the accommodation cavity, and the detection component is at least partially accommodated in the recess 32 .
  • the shape of the orthographic projection of the recess 32 on the first wall 30 may be a rectangle, a triangle, a circle, etc., or may be a shape that matches the outline of the detection component 40 .
  • the depth of the recess 32 may be greater than the thickness of the detection component 40 , equal to the thickness of the detection component 40 , or smaller than the thickness of the detection component 40 . This application does not limit the specific depth of the recess 32 and can be selected according to actual conditions.
  • the flatness of the surface of the first wall 30 can be improved and the risk of interference between the detection component 40 and other components in the battery can be reduced.
  • the shape and dimensions of the protective structure 50 match the shape and dimensions of the outer contour of the recess 32 .
  • the shape and size of the protective structure 50 matches the shape and size of the outer contour of the recessed portion 32 so that the protective structure 50 can fit into the recessed portion 32 , which can improve the tightness of the cooperation between the protective structure 50 and the recessed portion 32 and further strengthen the protection structure 50 .
  • the surface of the protective structure 50 facing away from the first wall 30 is no higher than the side surface of the first wall 30 facing away from the accommodation cavity, which can further improve the quality of the first wall. 30 Surface flatness.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a protection structure provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the protection structure 50 includes a main body 51 , and the main body 51 covers at least part of the surface of the detection component 40 .
  • the main body portion 51 of the protective structure 50 is a sheet structure.
  • the main body 51 may be made of, but is not limited to, polyester resin, polyethylene or polypropylene.
  • the specific implementation of the main body part 51 covering at least part of the surface of the detection component 40 may be that the main body part 51 is connected to the first wall 30 and covers at least part of the surface of the detection component 40 , wherein the connection between the main body part 51 and the first wall 30
  • the method may be but is not limited to welding, snapping or bonding.
  • the main body part 51 may also be directly connected to at least part of the surface of the detection component 40, wherein the connection method between the main body part 51 and the detection component 40 may be, but is not limited to, welding, snapping, or adhesion.
  • the sheet structure has a certain thickness and hardness, and thus has strong resistance to deformation, and can protect the detection component 40 more effectively.
  • the main body part 51 has a certain thickness and hardness, and thus has a strong resistance to deformation, and can protect the detection component 40 more effectively.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of another protection structure provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the protective structure 50 further includes a side portion 52 , the side portion 52 is connected around the main body portion 51 to form an accommodating space, and the accommodating space is used to accommodate the detection component.
  • the side portion 52 is connected to the main body portion 51 to form a cover-like structure with a receiving space.
  • the side portion 52 may be made of, but is not limited to, polyester resin, polyethylene or polypropylene.
  • the main body part 51 and the side part 52 can be an integrally formed structure, which can effectively improve the structural strength of the protective structure 50 .
  • the accommodation space can accommodate the detection component 40 .
  • the protective structure 50 as a cover-shaped structure with an accommodation space
  • the detection assembly 40 can be accommodated in the accommodation space while covering and protecting the detection assembly 40 , thereby reducing the size of the protection structure 50
  • the risk of interference with the detection component 40 further improves the protection effect of the protection structure 50 .
  • the protective structure 50 is a film structure, and the film structure is attached to at least part of the surface of the detection component 40 .
  • the membrane structure uses high-strength flexible film materials and auxiliary structures to generate a certain pre-tensioned stress inside in a certain way, and achieve a certain spatial shape under the control of the stress to form a covering structure.
  • the membrane structure has sufficient stiffness to resist external loads.
  • the protective structure 50 is configured as a film structure.
  • the film structure has a thin thickness and can be attached to the surface of the detection component 40 , which can effectively reduce the structural complexity of the protective structure 50 .
  • the film structure can be attached to the surface of the detection component 40 to form the protective structure 50 during the manufacturing process of the detection component 40, which is beneficial to simplifying the process flow.
  • the protective structure 50 is connected to the housing 20 in a snap-on or adhesive manner.
  • the protective structure 50 when the protective structure 50 is connected to the casing 20 of the battery cell 7 in an adhesive manner, the protective structure 50 includes a base body and a glue layer, where the glue layer is used to bond with the casing 20 to securely connect the protective structure 50 on the housing 20.
  • the base of the protective structure 50 has a higher hardness than the glue layer and can effectively protect the detection component 40 from damage.
  • the glue layer since the glue layer is soft and has high deformation ability, after the protective structure 50 is connected to the shell 20 through the glue layer, the glue layer can play a certain sealing role in the gap between the protective structure 50 and the shell 20 to prevent Debris or dust contacts the detection component 40 through the gaps, thereby affecting the operation of the detection component 40 .
  • the protective effect of the protective structure 50 is further enhanced.
  • the protective structure 50 When the protective structure 50 is connected to the casing 20 of the battery cell 7 in a snap-fit manner, the protective structure 50 includes a base body and a snap-in connector provided on the base body.
  • the shell 20 is provided with a snap-in structure corresponding to the snap-in connector.
  • the connector cooperates with the snap structure, so that the protection structure 50 is snap-connected to the housing 20 . It is beneficial to improve the convenience of installation of the protective structure 50 .
  • Figure 8 is an exploded schematic diagram of the first wall of another battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell 7 further includes an insulating member 33 for insulating the electrode terminal 31 and the first wall 30 ;
  • the detection component 40 includes an interconnected sensing component 41 and a wire 42 , the sensing component 41 is electrically connected to the electrode terminal 31 through the wire 42 .
  • the position of the insulating member 33 is not limited.
  • the insulating member 33 can be disposed on the side of the first wall 30 away from the accommodating cavity, the insulating member 33 can also be disposed on the side of the first wall 30 facing the accommodating cavity, or the insulating member 33 can be disposed on both
  • the side of the first wall 30 facing away from the accommodating cavity is also provided on the side of the first wall 30 facing the accommodating cavity. As long as the insulating member 33 can insulate the electrode terminal 31 and the first wall 30 .
  • the insulating member 33 is disposed on the side of the first wall 30 away from the accommodation cavity as an example to illustrate the concept of the present invention.
  • the insulating member 33 is sleeved on the portion of the electrode terminal 31 that protrudes from the side surface of the first wall 30 away from the accommodation cavity.
  • the insulating member 33 and the electrode terminal 31 are in contact with each other.
  • the insulating member 33 is used to connect the electrode terminal 31 and the first wall 30 .
  • One wall is 30 insulated.
  • the detection component 40 is disposed on a surface of the first wall 30 facing away from the accommodation cavity.
  • the detection assembly 40 includes a sensing component 41 and a wire 42 connected to each other.
  • the sensing component 41 is used to detect the working status of the battery cell 7 .
  • the sensing component 41 includes but is not limited to a temperature sensing device, a pressure sensing device, etc.
  • the wire 42 is used to transmit electrical signals to the sensing component 41 , and the sensing component 41 is electrically connected to the electrode terminal 31 through the wire 42 .
  • Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of an electrode terminal of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • a connecting portion 43 is provided on a side surface of the electrode terminal 31 facing away from the first wall 30 , and a wire 42 is connected to the connecting portion 43 to electrically connect the sensing component 41 to the electrode terminal 31 .
  • the connection part 43 is the connection point between the electrode terminal 31 and the wire 42 .
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the partial structure of the electrode terminal of another battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the insulating member 33 has a protrusion 331 protruding from a side surface of the electrode terminal 31 facing away from the first wall 30 .
  • the protrusion 331 is used to position the electrode terminal 31 away from the first wall 30 .
  • One side surface is spaced apart from the connecting portion 43 .
  • the battery cell 7 Since the battery cell 7 has no power when the assembly is completed, it needs to be charged and activated.
  • the process of charging the battery cells 7 for the first time is called formation and is used to activate the active materials in the battery cells 7 .
  • the formation nail will be inserted into the central area of the electrode terminal 31 to perform the formation work. During this process, if the insertion of the formation nail is deviated, it is easy to accidentally touch the detection component 40 , and thus causing damage to the detection component 40.
  • the insulating member 33 has a protruding portion 331 protruding from the side surface of the electrode terminal 31 facing away from the first wall 30 .
  • the protruding portion 331 is used to isolate the central area of the side surface of the electrode terminal 31 facing away from the first wall 30 from the connecting portion 43 . open.
  • the protruding portion 331 and the insulating member 33 may be an integrally formed structure.
  • the insulating member 33 integrally forms the convex portion 331 through a stamping process, so that the convex portion 331 and the insulating member 33 form an integrated structure.
  • the convex part 331 of this embodiment is convenient to apply to the design of the existing insulating part 33 without making too many changes to the design of the existing insulating part 33; on the other hand, the convex part is formed on the insulating part 33 through a stamping process. 331, the manufacturing process is simple, and the convex portion 331 can be formed without adding other additional materials.
  • the convex portion 331 to separate the connecting portion 43 from the central area of the side surface of the electrode terminal 31 away from the first wall 30 , the risk of the detection component 40 being damaged during the formation process of the battery cell 7 can be reduced.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the partial structure of the electrode terminal of another battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the insulating member 33 is provided with a through hole 332 , and the wire 42 is connected to the electrode terminal 31 through the through hole 332 .
  • the insulating member 33 is provided with a through hole 332 on a side close to the detection component.
  • the sensing component 41 in the detection component is electrically connected to the electrode terminal 31 located inside the insulating member 33 through the wire 42 passing through the through hole 332 .
  • the wire 42 passes through the through hole 332 and is connected to the electrode terminal 31 located inside the insulating member 33.
  • the connecting portion 43 of the wire 42 and the electrode terminal 31 is located inside the insulating member 33, which reduces the distance between the wire 42 and the electrode terminal.
  • the connection portion 43 of 31 is exposed to the external environment and may be damaged.
  • the housing 20 includes a housing and an end cover, the housing has an opening, and the end cover is used to cover the opening; the end cover is the first wall 30 of the housing 20 .
  • the shell can be in various shapes, such as cylinder, cuboid, etc.
  • the shape of the housing can be determined according to the specific shape of the electrode assembly 10 . For example, if the electrode assembly 10 has a cylindrical structure, a cylindrical shell can be used; if the electrode assembly 10 has a rectangular parallelepiped structure, a rectangular parallelepiped shell can be used.
  • the end cap can have a variety of structures, for example, the end cap has a plate-like structure, a hollow structure with one end open, etc.
  • the housing has a rectangular parallelepiped structure
  • the end cover has a plate-like structure
  • the end cover covers the opening at the top of the housing.
  • the end cap can be made of insulating material (such as plastic) or conductive material (such as metal).
  • the first wall 30 in the embodiment of the present application may be an end cap.
  • the detection component 40 can be disposed on the side of the end cover away from the accommodating cavity, or can also be disposed on the side of the end cover facing the accommodating cavity.
  • the connection method between the detection component 40 and the end cover may be, but is not limited to, welding, clamping or bonding.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic structural diagram of another protection structure provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the protective structure 50 is provided with a reinforcing portion 53 , and the reinforcing portion 53 is formed by protruding from the surface of the protective structure 50 on the side facing away from the detection component 40 .
  • the reinforcing portion 53 may be a reinforcing rib provided on a surface of the protective structure 50 facing away from the detection component 40 .
  • the reinforced portion 53 can reduce the deformation of the protective structure 50 and enhance the compressive strength of the protective structure 50 , thereby increasing the service life of the protective structure 50 .
  • the reinforcement part 53 and the protective structure 50 may be an integrally formed structure.
  • the protective structure 50 integrally forms the reinforcing part 53 through a stamping process, and the manufacturing process is simple and does not require the addition of other additional materials.
  • the reinforcing part 53 is formed by protruding from the surface of the protective structure 50 on the side facing away from the detection component 40 , which can prevent the reinforcing part 53 from contacting the detection component 40 and reduce the risk of interference between the protection structure 50 and the detection component 40 .
  • the pressure-resistant strength of the protective structure 50 can be enhanced, further improving the protective effect of the protective structure 50 .
  • the protective structure 50 is made of an insulating and heat-insulating material.
  • the battery cell 7 will be continuously charged and discharged during use, and the battery cell 7 will generate more heat during the charging and discharging process.
  • the protection structure 50 and the detection component 40 are prone to risk of contact interference.
  • the insulation material can be polytetrafluoroethylene, polyphenylene sulfide, polyetheretherketone, polyphenylene, etc. This application does not limit the specific materials and can be selected according to actual conditions.
  • the impact of the heat generated by the battery cells 7 during use on the protective structure 50 can be reduced, and the service life of the protective structure 50 can be increased.
  • the risk of short circuit caused by contact interference between the protection structure 50 and the detection component 40 can be reduced, thereby affecting the normal use of the detection component 40 .
  • the present application also provides a battery, including the battery cell of the above solution.
  • the present application also provides an electrical device, including the battery cell of the above solution, and the battery cell is used to provide electric energy.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell 7.
  • the battery cell 7 includes a casing, an electrode assembly 10, an end cover, an electrode terminal 31, an insulator 33, a detection assembly 40 and a protection structure 50.
  • the housing has an opening and a receiving cavity, the electrode assembly 10 is received in the receiving cavity, and the end cover covers the opening of the housing.
  • the end cover is provided with a recess 32, which is formed by a recess on a side surface of the end cover away from the accommodation cavity in a direction toward the accommodation cavity; the detection component 40 is at least partially accommodated in the recess 32, and the protective structure 50 covers at least part of the surface of the detection component 40.
  • the material of the protective structure 50 is an insulating and heat-insulating material.
  • the electrode terminal 31 protrudes from the side surface of the end cover away from the accommodation cavity, the electrode terminal 31 is electrically connected to the tab of the electrode assembly 10 , and the detection component 40 is electrically connected to the electrode terminal 31 .
  • the insulating member 33 is used to insulate the electrode terminal 31 and the end cover;
  • the detection component 40 includes a sensing component 41 and a wire 42 that are connected to each other.
  • the sensing component 41 is electrically connected to the electrode terminal 31 through the wire 42 .
  • the detection component 40 can detect the working status of the battery cell 7 in real time. Abnormal parameters in can provide rapid early warning, allowing corresponding safety agencies or personnel to respond in a timely manner, thereby improving the safety and reliability of the battery cells 7 .
  • the protective structure 50 covers at least part of the surface of the detection component 40 , which can reduce the risk of the detection component 40 being damaged during the production or use of the battery cell 7 .

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

Abstract

本申请公开了一种电池单体、电池及用电装置。电池单体包括外壳、电极组件、检测组件和保护结构，其中，外壳具有容纳腔，电极组件容纳于容纳腔内，检测组件连接于外壳并用于检测电池单体的工作状态，保护结构覆盖检测组件的至少部分表面。通过本申请实施例能够有效提升电池单体的安全性和可靠性。

Description

电池单体、电池及用电装置 技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，特别涉及一种电池单体、电池及用电装置。
背景技术
电池单体广泛用于电子设备，例如手机、笔记本电脑、电瓶车、电动汽车、电动飞机、电动轮船、电动玩具汽车、电动玩具轮船、电动玩具飞机和电动工具等等。电池单体可以包括镉镍电池单体、氢镍电池单体、锂离子电池单体和二次碱性锌锰电池单体等。
在电池技术的发展中，如何提高电池单体的安全性和可靠性，是电池技术中的一个研究方向。
发明内容
鉴于上述问题，本申请实施例提供了一种电池单体、电池及用电装置，能够有效提升电池单体的安全性和可靠性。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供了一种电池单体，电池单体包括外壳、电极组件、检测组件和保护结构，其中，外壳具有容纳腔，电极组件容纳于容纳腔内，检测组件连接于外壳并用于检测电池单体的工作状态，保护结构覆盖检测组件的至少部分表面。
上述技术方案中，通过在电池单体上设置检测组件以及用于保护检测组件的保护结构，检测组件能够对电池单体的工作状态进行实时检测，对于电池单体工作中的异常参数能够进行快速预警，能够使相应的安全机构或人员及时地进行应对，进而能够提升电池单体的安全性和可靠性。保护结构覆盖检测组件的至少部分表面，能够减小检测组件在电池单体的生产或使用过程中检测组件受到损坏的风险。
在第一方面的一些实施方式中，外壳包括第一壁，检测组件连接于第一壁。
在第一方面的一些实施方式中，检测组件位于第一壁背离容纳腔的一侧，能够减小检测组件对电池单体内部空间的占用，有利于提高电池单体的能量密度。进一步地，检测组件位于第一壁背离容纳腔的一侧还便于检测组件的装配。
在第一方面的一些实施方式中，外壳包括电极端子，电极端子凸出于第一壁背离容纳腔的一侧表面，电极端子与电极组件的极耳电连接，检测组件与电极端子电连接。
在第一方面的一些实施方式中，沿第一壁的厚度方向上，保护结构背离第一壁的表面不高于电极端子背离第一壁的表面。
上述技术方案中，保护结构覆盖于检测组件的表面不会额外增加第一壁的厚度，有利于减小电池单体整体的体积，进一步地，能够减小保护结构与电池中其他部件产生干涉的风险。
在第一方面的一些实施方式中，检测组件位于第一壁朝向容纳腔的一侧，有利于减小电池单体整体的体积，进一步地，检测组件位于第一壁朝向容纳腔的一侧还能够提高电池单体的外表面的平整度和整体性。
在第一方面的一些实施方式中，第一壁设置有凹部，凹部由第一壁背离容纳腔的一侧表面沿朝向容纳腔的方向凹陷形成；或者，凹部由第一壁朝向容纳腔的一侧表面沿背离容纳腔的方向凹陷形成；检测组件至少部分容纳于凹部。
上述技术方案中，通过在第一壁上设置凹部，使检测组件至少部分容纳于凹部，能够提高第一壁表面的平整度，减小检测组件与电池中其他部件产生干涉的风险。
在第一方面的一些实施方式中，保护结构的形状尺寸与凹部的外轮廓的形状尺寸相匹配，能够提高保护结构与凹部配合的严密性，进一步加强了保护结构的保护效果。
在第一方面的一些实施方式中，沿第一壁的厚度方向上，保护结构背离第一壁的表面不高于第一壁背离容纳腔的一侧表面，能够进一步提高 第一壁表面的平整度。
在第一方面的一些实施方式中，保护结构包括主体部，主体部盖设于检测组件的至少部分表面。
上述技术方案中，主体部具有一定的厚度和硬度，进而具有较强的抗形变能力，能够更加有效对检测组件进行保护。
在第一方面的一些实施方式中，保护结构还包括侧部，侧部围绕连接于主体部以形成容纳空间，容纳空间用于容纳检测部件。
上述技术方案中，通过将保护结构设置为具有容纳空间的罩状结构体，在对检测组件进行遮盖保护的同时，能够使检测组件容纳于容纳空间中，进而减小了保护结构与检测组件产生干涉的风险，进一步提高了保护结构的保护效果。
在第一方面的一些实施方式中，保护结构为膜层结构体，膜层结构体贴附于检测组件的至少部分表面。
上述技术方案中，将保护结构设置为膜层结构体，膜层结构体具有较薄的厚度，并且能够贴附于检测组件的表面，能够有效降低保护结构的结构复杂度。进一步地，膜层结构体能够在检测组件的制造过程中贴附于检测组件的表面以形成保护结构，有利于简化工艺流程。
在第一方面的一些实施方式中，保护结构以卡接或粘接的方式连接于外壳。
上述技术方案中，保护结构以粘接的方式连接于电池单体的外壳时，能够进一步加强了保护结构的保护效果。保护结构以卡接的方式连接于电池单体的外壳时，有利于提高保护结构安装的便捷性。
在第一方面的一些实施方式中，电池单体还包括绝缘件，绝缘件用于绝缘电极端子与第一壁；检测组件包括相互连接的传感部件和导线，传感部件通过导线电连接于电极端子。
在第一方面的一些实施方式中，电极端子背离第一壁的一侧表面设置有连接部，导线连接于连接部，以使传感部件与电极端子电连接。
在第一方面的一些实施方式中，绝缘件具有凸出于电极端子背离第一壁的一侧表面的凸部，凸部用于将电极端子背离第一壁的一侧表面与连 接部隔开。
上述技术方案中，通过设置凸部将连接部与电极端子背离第一壁的一侧表面的中心区域隔开，能够减小检测组件在电池单体进行化成过程中受到损坏的风险。
在第一方面的一些实施方式中，绝缘件上设置有通孔，导线通过通孔连接于电极端子。
上述技术方案中，导线穿过通孔与位于绝缘件内部的电极端子进行连接，导线与电极端子的连接部位于绝缘件的内部，减小了导线与电极端子的连接部因暴露在外部环境中而产生损坏的风险。
在第一方面的一些实施方式中，外壳包括壳体和端盖，壳体具有开口，端盖用于盖合开口；端盖为外壳的第一壁。
在第一方面的一些实施方式中，保护结构上设置有加强部，加强部由保护结构背向检测组件一侧的表面凸出形成。
上述技术方案中，通过在保护结构上设置加强部，能够增强保护结构的耐压强度，进一步提高了保护结构的保护效果。
在第一方面的一些实施方式中，保护结构的材质为绝缘隔热材质。
上述技术方案中，通过采用绝缘隔热材质制作保护结构，能够降低电池单体在使用的过程中产生的热量对保护结构的影响，提高了保护结构的使用寿命。同时能够减小保护结构与检测组件产生接触干涉而导致短路的风险，进而影响检测组件的正常使用。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供了一种电池，包括第二方面任一实施方式提供的电池单体。
第三方面，本申请实施例提供了一种用电装置，包括第二方面任一实施方式提供的电池单体，电池单体用于提供电能。
上述说明仅是本申请技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本申请的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本申请的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举本申请的具体实施方式。
附图说明
通过阅读下文优选实施方式的详细描述，各种其他的优点和益处对于本领域普通技术人员将变得清楚明了。附图仅用于示出优选实施方式的目的，而并不认为是对本申请的限制。而且在整个附图中，用相同的参考符号表示相同的部件。在附图中：
图1为本申请一些实施例所提供的车辆的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池的***示意图；
图3为图2所示的电池模块的结构示意图；
图4为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的***示意图；
图5为本申请一些实施例提供的一种电池单体的第一壁的***示意图；
图6为本申请一些实施例提供的一种保护结构的结构示意图；
图7为本申请一些实施例提供的另一种保护结构的结构示意图；
图8为本申请一些实施例提供的另一种电池单体的第一壁的***示意图；
图9为本申请一些实施例提供的一种电池单体的电极端子处局部结构示意图；
图10为本申请一些实施例提供的另一种电池单体的电极端子处局部结构示意图；
图11为本申请一些实施例提供的又一种电池单体的电极端子处局部结构示意图；
图12为本申请一些实施例提供的又一种保护结构的结构示意图。
具体实施方式中的附图标号如下：
1、车辆；2、电池；3、控制器；4、马达；5、箱体；5a、第一箱体部；5b、第二箱体部；5c、容纳空间；6、电池模块；7、电池单体；10、电极组件；20、外壳；30、第一壁；31、电极端子；32、凹部；33、绝缘件；331、凸部；332、通孔；40、检测组件；41、传感部件；42、导线；43、连接部；50、保护结构；51、主体部；52、侧部；53、加强部。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本申请技术方案的实施例进行详细的描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本申请的技术方案，因此只作为示例，而不能以此来限制本申请的保护范围。
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
除非另有定义，本申请所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；在本申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。本申请的说明书和权利要求书或上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序或主次关系。
在本申请中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“附接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本申请中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本申请中字符“/”，一般表示 前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请的实施例中，相同的附图标记表示相同的部件，并且为了简洁，在不同实施例中，省略对相同部件的详细说明。应理解，附图示出的本申请实施例中的各种部件的厚度、长宽等尺寸，以及集成装置的整体厚度、长宽等尺寸仅为示例性说明，而不应对本申请构成任何限定。
本申请中出现的“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)。
本申请中术语“平行”不仅包括绝对平行的情况，也包括了工程上常规认知的大致平行的情况；同时，“垂直”也不仅包括绝对垂直的情况，还包括工程上常规认知的大致垂直的情况。
目前，从市场形势的发展来看，动力电池的应用越加广泛。动力电池不仅被应用于水力、火力、风力和太阳能电站等储能电源***，而且还被广泛应用于电动自行车、电动摩托车、电动汽车等电动交通工具，以及军事装备和航空航天等多个领域。随着动力电池应用领域的不断扩大，其市场的需求量也在不断地扩增。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池单体、锂离子一次电池单体、锂硫电池单体、钠锂离子电池单体、钠离子电池单体或镁离子电池单体等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模块或电池包等。电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
电池单体包括电极组件和电解液，电极组件由正极片、负极片和隔离膜组成。电池单体主要依靠金属离子在正极片和负极片之间移动来工作。正极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面，未涂敷正极活性物质层的集流体凸出于已涂覆正极活性物质层的集流体，未涂敷正极活性物质层的集流体层叠后作为正极极耳。以锂离子电池为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层， 负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面，未涂敷负极活性物质层的集流体凸出于已涂覆负极活性物质层的集流体，未涂敷负极活性物质层的集流体层叠后作为负极极耳。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。隔膜的材质可以为PP或PE等。此外，电极组件可以是卷绕式结构，也可以是叠片式结构，本申请实施例并不限于此。
电池单体还包括外壳，外壳包括壳体、端盖、电极端子和绝缘件。壳体具有开口，端盖盖合于开口并密封连接，以形成用于容纳电极组件和电解液的密封空间。绝缘件套设于电极端子，防止电极端子处发生短路。
本申请的发明人注意到，目前现有的电池单体均未设置检测组件，因此无法对电池单体的工作状态进行实时检测。其中，电池单体的工作状态包括但不限于电压、温度等相关数据。同时，目前现有的电池单体也未设置有针对检测组件进行保护的保护结构。
为了解决无法对电池单体的工作状态进行实时检测的问题，本申请的发明人研究发现，可以通过设置检测组件对电池单体的工作状态进行实时检测。检测组件能够对电池单体的工作状态进行实时地管控，对于电池单体工作中的异常参数能够进行快速预警，能够使相应的安全机构或人员及时地进行应对，进而能够提升电池单体的安全性和可靠性。同时，设置针对检测组件进行保护的保护结构，能够减小检测组件在电池单体的使用过程中受到损坏的风险。
基于以上考虑，发明人经过深入研究，设计了一种电池单体，通过在电池单体上设置检测组件以及用于保护检测组件的保护结构，能够对电池单体的工作状态进行实时地管控的同时，还能够减小检测组件在电池单体的使用过程中受到损坏的风险。
本申请实施例描述的技术方案适用于电池单体、电池以及使用电池的用电装置。
用电装置可以是车辆、手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等。车辆可以是燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等；航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等；电动玩具包括固定式 或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等；电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨等等。本申请实施例对上述用电装置不做特殊限制。
应理解，本申请实施例描述的技术方案不仅仅局限适用于上述所描述的电池和用电设备，还可以适用于所有包括箱体的电池以及使用电池的用电设备，但为描述简洁，下述实施例均以电动车辆为例进行说明。
图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图。
如图1所示，车辆1的内部设置有电池2，电池2可以设置在车辆1的底部或头部或尾部。电池2可以用于车辆1的供电，例如，电池2可以作为车辆1的操作电源。
车辆1还可以包括控制器3和马达4，控制器3用来控制电池2为马达4供电，例如，用于车辆1的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池2不仅仅可以作为车辆1的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1提供驱动动力。
图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池的***示意图。
如图2所示，电池2包括箱体5和电池单体，电池单体容纳于箱体5内。
箱体5用于容纳电池单体，箱体5可以是多种结构。在一些实施例中，箱体5可以包括第一箱体部5a和第二箱体部5b，第一箱体部5a与第二箱体部5b相互盖合，第一箱体部5a和第二箱体部5b共同限定出用于容纳电池单体的容纳空间5c。第二箱体部5b可以是一端开口的空心结构，第一箱体部5a为板状结构，第一箱体部5a盖合于第二箱体部5b的开口侧，以形成具有容纳空间5c的箱体5；第一箱体部5a和第二箱体部5b也均可以是一侧开口的空心结构，第一箱体部5a的开口侧盖合于第二箱体部5b的开口侧，以形成具有容纳空间5c的箱体5。当然，第一箱体部5a和第二箱体部5b可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。
为提高第一箱体部5a与第二箱体部5b连接后的密封性，第一箱体部5a与第二箱体部5b之间也可以设置密封件，比如，密封胶、密封圈等。
假设第一箱体部5a盖合于第二箱体部5b的顶部，第一箱体部5a亦可称之为上箱盖，第二箱体部5b亦可称之为下箱体。
在电池2中，电池单体可以是一个，也可以是多个。若电池单体为多个，多个电池单体之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体构成的整体容纳于箱体5内；当然，也可以是多个电池单体先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块6，多个电池模块6再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体5内。
图3为图2所示的电池模块的结构示意图。
在一些实施例中，如图3所示，电池单体7为多个，多个电池单体7先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块6。多个电池模块6再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体内。
电池模块6中的多个电池单体7之间可通过汇流部件实现电连接，以实现电池模块6中的多个电池单体7的并联或串联或混联。
图4为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的***示意图。
如图4所示，本申请实施例提供的电池单体7包括电极组件10和外壳20，电极组件10容纳于外壳20内。外壳20还可用于容纳电解质，例如电解液。
在一些实施例中，外壳20包括第一壁30，外壳20可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。外壳20的形状可根据电极组件10的具体形状来确定。比如，若电极组件10为圆柱体结构，则可选用为圆柱体壳体；若电极组件10为长方体结构，则可选用长方体壳体。
在电池单体7中，容纳于外壳20内的电极组件10可以是一个、两个或者多个。示例性的，在图4中，电极组件10为两个。
图5为本申请一些实施例提供的一种电池单体的第一壁的***示意图。
继续参考图5，本申请实施例提供了一种电池单体7，电池单体7包 括外壳20、电极组件10、检测组件40和保护结构50。外壳20具有容纳腔。电极组件10容纳于容纳腔内，检测组件40连接于外壳20并用于检测电池单体7的工作状态，保护结构50覆盖检测组件40的至少部分表面。
可选地，检测组件40可以设置于外壳20背离容纳腔的一侧，也可以设置于外壳20朝向容纳腔的一侧。检测组件40设置于外壳20背离容纳腔的一侧能够减小检测组件40对电池单体7内部空间的占用；检测组件40设置于外壳20朝向容纳腔的一侧能够减小电池单体7的整体体积。检测组件40能够对电池单体7的工作状态进行实时检测，其中，电池单体7的工作状态包括但不限于电压、温度等相关数据。通过在电池单体7上设置检测组件40，便于对电池单体7的工作状态进行实时地管控，对于电池单体7工作中的异常参数能够进行快速预警，能够使相应的安全机构或人员及时地进行应对，进而能够提升电池单体7的安全性和可靠性。
在一些实施例中，外壳20包括第一壁30，检测组件40连接于第一壁30。其中，第一壁30可以是围绕形成电池单体7外壳20的任何一个壁部，检测组件40与第一壁30的连接方式可以是但不局限于焊接、卡接或粘接等。
在一些实施例中，检测组件40位于第一壁30背离容纳腔的一侧，也就是说，检测组件40位于电池单体7的外部。能够减小检测组件40对电池单体7内部空间的占用，有利于提高电池单体7的能量密度。进一步地，检测组件40位于第一壁30背离容纳腔的一侧还便于检测组件40的装配。
保护结构50覆盖检测组件40的至少部分表面，能够减小检测组件40在电池单体7的生产或使用过程中检测组件40受到损坏的风险。沿第一壁30的厚度方向上，保护结构50在第一壁30上的正投影的形状可以是矩形、三角形或圆形等，本申请不对保护结构50在检测组件40上的正投影的形状进行限定，可根据实际情况进行选定。示例性的，保护结构50可以是但不局限于片状结构体、罩状结构体或膜层结构体等。
上述技术方案中，通过在电池单体7上设置检测组件40以及用于保护检测组件40的保护结构50，检测组件40能够对电池单体7的工作状态 进行实时检测，对于电池单体7工作中的异常参数能够进行快速预警，能够使相应的安全机构或人员及时地进行应对，进而能够提升电池单体7的安全性和可靠性。保护结构50覆盖检测组件40的至少部分表面，能够减小检测组件40在电池单体7的生产或使用过程中检测组件40受到损坏的风险。
在一些实施例中，外壳20包括电极端子31，电极端子31凸出于第一壁30背离容纳腔的一侧表面，电极端子31与电极组件10的极耳电连接，检测组件40与电极端子31电连接。
示例性的，电极端子31与第一壁30的连接方式可以是但不局限于焊接、铆接或粘接等。检测组件40与电极端子31电连接，能够检测电池单体7的电极端子31处的电压、温度等相关数据，便于对电池单体7的工作状态进行实时地管控，对于电池单体7工作中的异常参数能够进行快速预警，能够使相应的安全机构或人员及时地进行应对，进而能够提升电池单体7的安全性和可靠性。
在一些实施例中，沿第一壁30的厚度方向上，保护结构50背离第一壁30的表面不高于电极端子31背离第一壁30的表面。
示例性地，在此实施例中以检测组件40设置于第一壁30背离容纳腔的一侧为例阐述本发明的构思。电极端子31凸出于第一壁30背离容纳腔的一侧表面，保护结构50覆盖于检测组件40的至少部分表面。沿第一壁30的厚度方向上，保护结构50背离第一壁30的表面不高于电极端子31背离第一壁30的表面，也就是说，保护结构50与检测组件40的厚度之和不大于电极端子31凸出于第一壁30背离容纳腔的一侧表面的厚度。
上述技术方案中，保护结构50覆盖于检测组件40的表面不会额外增加第一壁30的厚度，有利于减小电池单体7整体的体积，进一步地，能够减小保护结构50与电池中其他部件产生干涉的风险。
在一些实施例中，检测组件40位于第一壁30朝向容纳腔的一侧，也就是说，检测组件40位于电池单体7的内部。有利于减小电池单体7整体的体积，进一步地，检测组件40位于第一壁30朝向容纳腔的一侧还能够提高电池单体7的外表面的平整度和整体性。
在一些实施例中，第一壁30设置有凹部32，凹部32由第一壁30背离容纳腔的一侧表面沿朝向容纳腔的方向凹陷形成；或者，凹部32由第一壁30朝向容纳腔的一侧表面沿背离容纳腔的方向凹陷形成；检测组件40至少部分容纳于凹部32。
示例性地，当检测组件40设置于第一壁30背离容纳腔的一侧时，凹部32由第一壁30背离容纳腔的一侧表面沿朝向容纳腔的方向凹陷形成，检测部件至少部分容纳于凹部32。沿第一壁30的厚度方向上，凹部32在第一壁30上的正投影的形状可以是矩形、三角形或圆形等，也可以是与检测组件40的轮廓相匹配的形状。
当检测组件40设置于第一壁30朝向容纳腔的一侧时，凹部32由第一壁30朝向容纳腔的一侧表面沿背离容纳腔的方向凹陷形成，检测部件至少部分容纳于凹部32。沿第一壁30的厚度方向上，凹部32在第一壁30上的正投影的形状可以是矩形、三角形或圆形等，也可以是与检测组件40的轮廓相匹配的形状。
沿第一壁30的厚度方向上，凹部32的凹陷深度可以是大于检测组件40的厚度，也可以是等于检测组件40的厚度，也可以是小于检测组件40的厚度。本申请不对凹部32的具体凹陷深度进行限定，可根据实际情况选定。
通过在第一壁30上设置凹部32，使检测组件40至少部分容纳于凹部32，能够提高第一壁30表面的平整度，减小检测组件40与电池中其他部件产生干涉的风险。
在一些实施例中，保护结构50的形状尺寸与凹部32的外轮廓的形状尺寸相匹配。
保护结构50的形状尺寸与凹部32的外轮廓的形状尺寸相匹配，以使保护结构50能够嵌合于凹部32，能够提高保护结构50与凹部32配合的严密性，进一步加强了保护结构50的保护效果。
在一些可选地实施例中，沿第一壁30的厚度方向上，保护结构50背离第一壁30的表面不高于第一壁30背离容纳腔的一侧表面，能够进一步提高第一壁30表面的平整度。
图6为本申请一些实施例提供的一种保护结构的结构示意图。
继续参考图6，在一些实施例中，保护结构50包括主体部51，主体部51盖设于检测组件40的至少部分表面。
具体地，保护结构50的主体部51为片状结构体。主体部51可以是但不局限于由涤纶树脂、聚乙烯或聚丙烯等材料制成。主体部51盖设于检测组件40的至少部分表面的具体实现方式可以是主体部51连接于第一壁30并覆盖检测组件40的至少部分表面，其中，主体部51与第一壁30的连接方式可以是但不局限于焊接、卡接或粘接等。也可以是主体部51直接连接于检测组件40的至少部分表面，其中，主体部51与检测组件40的连接方式可以是但不局限于焊接、卡接或粘接等。片状结构体具有一定的厚度和硬度，进而具有较强的抗形变能力，能够更加有效对检测组件40进行保护。
上述技术方案中，主体部51具有一定的厚度和硬度，进而具有较强的抗形变能力，能够更加有效对检测组件40进行保护。
图7为本申请一些实施例提供的另一种保护结构的结构示意图；
继续参考图7，在一些实施例中，保护结构50还包括侧部52，侧部52围绕连接于主体部51以形成容纳空间，容纳空间用于容纳检测部件。
具体地，侧部52围绕连接于主体部51以形成具有容纳空间的罩状结构体。侧部52可以是但不局限于由涤纶树脂、聚乙烯或聚丙烯等材料制成。主体部51和侧部52可以是一体成型结构，能够有效提高保护结构50的结构强度。容纳空间可以容纳检测组件40。
上述技术方案中，通过将保护结构50设置为具有容纳空间的罩状结构体，在对检测组件40进行遮盖保护的同时，能够使检测组件40容纳于容纳空间中，进而减小了保护结构50与检测组件40产生干涉的风险，进一步提高了保护结构50的保护效果。
在一些实施例中，保护结构50为膜层结构体，膜层结构体贴附于检测组件40的至少部分表面。
膜层结构体是采用高强度柔性薄膜材料与辅助结构通过一定方式使其内部产生一定的预张应力，并在应力的控制下达到某种空间形状，以形 成覆盖结构。膜层结构体具有足够刚度以抵抗外部荷载作用。
上述技术方案中，将保护结构50设置为膜层结构体，膜层结构体具有较薄的厚度，并且能够贴附于检测组件40的表面，能够有效降低保护结构50的结构复杂度。进一步地，膜层结构体能够在检测组件40的制造过程中贴附于检测组件40的表面以形成保护结构50，有利于简化工艺流程。
在一些实施例中，保护结构50以卡接或粘接的方式连接于外壳20。
示例性地，保护结构50以粘接的方式连接于电池单体7的外壳20时，保护结构50包括基体和胶层，其中，胶层用于与外壳20粘接以使保护结构50固定连接于外壳20上。保护结构50的基体相对于胶层具有更高的硬度，能够有效地保护检测组件40不受损害。同时，由于胶层较软，具有较高的形变能力，在保护结构50通过胶层与外壳20连接后，胶层能够对保护结构50与外壳20之间的缝隙起到一定的密封作用，防止杂物或粉尘通过缝隙接触到检测组件40，进而影响检测组件40的运行。进一步加强了保护结构50的保护效果。
保护结构50以卡接的方式连接于电池单体7的外壳20时，保护结构50包括基体和设置于基体上的卡接件，外壳20上设置有与卡接件对应的卡合结构，卡接件与卡合结构相配合，以使保护结构50卡合连接于外壳20。有利于提高保护结构50安装的便捷性。
图8为本申请一些实施例提供的另一种电池单体的第一壁的***示意图。
继续参考图8，在一些实施例中，电池单体7还包括绝缘件33，绝缘件33用于绝缘电极端子31与第一壁30；检测组件40包括相互连接的传感部件41和导线42，传感部件41通过导线42电连接于电极端子31。
绝缘件33的设置位置不做限定，例如绝缘件33可以设置于第一壁30背离容纳腔一侧，绝缘件33也可以设置于第一壁30朝向容纳腔一侧，或者绝缘件33既设置于第一壁30背离容纳腔一侧也设置于第一壁30朝向容纳腔一侧。只要是绝缘件33能够将电极端子31与第一壁30之间绝缘即可。
示例性地，在此实施例中以绝缘件33设置于第一壁30背离容纳腔 一侧为例阐述本发明的构思。绝缘件33套设于电极端子31凸出于第一壁30背离容纳腔的一侧表面的部分，绝缘件33和电极端子31之间相互抵接，绝缘件33用于将电极端子31和第一壁30绝缘。检测组件40设置于第一壁30背离容纳腔一侧的表面。
检测组件40包括相互连接的传感部件41和导线42。示例性地，传感部件41用于检测电池单体7的工作状态。其中，传感部件41包括但不限于温度传感器件、压力传感器件等。导线42用于传输电信号至传感部件41，传感部件41通过导线42电连接于电极端子31。
图9为本申请一些实施例提供的一种电池单体的电极端子处局部结构示意图。
继续参考图9，在一些实施例中，电极端子31背离第一壁30的一侧表面设置有连接部43，导线42连接于连接部43，以使传感部件41与电极端子31电连接。其中，连接部43即为电极端子31与导线42的连接处。
图10为本申请一些实施例提供的另一种电池单体的电极端子处局部结构示意图。
继续参考图10，在一些实施例中，绝缘件33具有凸出于电极端子31背离第一壁30的一侧表面的凸部331，凸部331用于将电极端子31背离第一壁30的一侧表面与连接部43隔开。
由于电池单体7在装配完成时是没有电的，需要进行充电激活。对电池单体7进行首次充电的过程被称为化成，用于激活电池单体7内的活性材料。在电池单体7进行化成的过程中，化成钉会插接到电极端子31的中心区域进行化成工作，在此过程中，若化成钉的插接产生偏差，容易误触到检测组件40，进而造成检测组件40的损坏。
绝缘件33具有凸出于电极端子31背离第一壁30的一侧表面的凸部331，凸部331用于将电极端子31背离第一壁30的一侧表面的中心区域与连接部43隔开。其中，凸部331与绝缘件33可以是一体成型结构。绝缘件33通过冲压工艺一体成型凸部331，使得凸部331与绝缘件33之间呈一体式结构。一方面，便于将本实施例的凸部331应用在现有的绝缘件33的设计上，无需对现有绝缘件33设计进行过多改动；另一方面，绝缘件33 通过冲压工艺形成凸部331，制作工艺简单，且无需额外增加其他的材料即可形成凸部331。
通过设置凸部331将连接部43与电极端子31背离第一壁30的一侧表面的中心区域隔开，能够减小检测组件40在电池单体7进行化成过程中受到损坏的风险。
图11为本申请一些实施例提供的又一种电池单体的电极端子处局部结构示意图。
继续参考图11，在一些实施例中，绝缘件33上设置有通孔332，导线42通过通孔332连接于电极端子31。
具体地，绝缘件33在靠近检测部件的一侧设置有通孔332，检测部件中的传感部件41通过导线42穿过通孔332与位于绝缘件33内部的电极端子31电连接。
上述技术方案中，导线42穿过通孔332与位于绝缘件33内部的电极端子31进行连接，导线42与电极端子31的连接部43位于绝缘件33的内部，减小了导线42与电极端子31的连接部43因暴露在外部环境中而产生损坏的风险。
在一些实施例中，外壳20包括壳体和端盖，壳体具有开口，端盖用于盖合开口；端盖为外壳20的第一壁30。
壳体可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。壳体的形状可根据电极组件10的具体形状来确定。比如，若电极组件10为圆柱体结构，则可选用为圆柱体壳体；若电极组件10为长方体结构，则可选用长方体壳体。
端盖可以是多种结构，比如，端盖为板状结构、一端开口的空心结构等。示例性的，壳体为长方体结构，端盖为板状结构，端盖盖合于壳体顶部的开口处。端盖可以由绝缘材料(例如塑胶)制成，也可以由导电材料(例如金属)制成。
在本申请实施例中的第一壁30可以是端盖。可选地，检测组件40可以设置于端盖背离容纳腔的一侧，也可以设置于端盖朝向容纳腔的一侧。检测组件40与端盖的连接方式可以是但不局限于焊接、卡接或粘接等。
图12为本申请一些实施例提供的又一种保护结构的结构示意图。
继续参考图12，在一些实施例中，保护结构50上设置有加强部53，加强部53由保护结构50背向检测组件40一侧的表面凸出形成。
具体地，加强部53可以是设置于保护结构50背向检测组件40一侧的表面的加强筋。加强部53可以减小保护结构50的形变，增强保护结构50的耐压强度，进而能够增加保护结构50的使用寿命。加强部53与保护结构50可以是一体成型结构。保护结构50通过冲压工艺一体成型加强部53，制作工艺简单且无需额外增加其他的材料。加强部53由保护结构50背向检测组件40一侧的表面凸出形成，可以避免加强部53与检测组件40接触，能够减小保护结构50与检测组件40之间产生干涉的风险。
上述技术方案中，通过在保护结构50上设置加强部53，能够增强保护结构50的耐压强度，进一步提高了保护结构50的保护效果。
在一些实施例中，保护结构50的材质为绝缘隔热材质。
电池单体7在使用的过程中会进行不断地充电和放电，电池单体7在充电和放电的过程中会产生较多的热量。保护结构50与检测组件40容易产生接触干涉的风险。示例性的，绝缘隔热材质可以是聚四氟乙烯、聚苯硫醚、聚醚醚酮、聚苯酯等。本申请不对具体地材质进行限定，可以根据实际情况进行选用。
通过采用绝缘隔热材质制作保护结构50，能够降低电池单体7在使用的过程中产生的热量对保护结构50的影响，提高了保护结构50的使用寿命。同时能够减小保护结构50与检测组件40产生接触干涉而导致短路的风险，进而影响检测组件40的正常使用。
根据本申请的一些实施例，本申请还提供了一种电池，包括以上方案的电池单体。
根据本申请的一些实施例，本申请还提供了一种用电装置，包括以上方案的电池单体，电池单体用于提供电能。
为更好地理解本申请实施例提供的电池单体，基于相同的发明构思，在此提供上述电池单体在实际应用中的实施例进行说明。
本申请实施例提供了一种电池单体7，电池单体7包括壳体、电极 组件10、端盖、电极端子31、绝缘件33、检测组件40和保护结构50。其中，壳体具有开口和容纳腔，电极组件10容纳于容纳腔内，端盖盖合于壳体的开口。端盖设置有凹部32，凹部32由端盖背离容纳腔的一侧表面沿朝向容纳腔的方向凹陷形成；检测组件40至少部分容纳于凹部32，保护结构50覆盖检测组件40的至少部分表面。保护结构50的材质为绝缘隔热材质。
进一步地，电极端子31凸出于端盖背离容纳腔的一侧表面，电极端子31与电极组件10的极耳电连接，检测组件40与电极端子31电连接。
进一步地，绝缘件33用于绝缘电极端子31与端盖；检测组件40包括相互连接的传感部件41和导线42，传感部件41通过导线42电连接于电极端子31。
上述技术方案中，通过在电池单体7上设置检测组件40以及用于保护检测组件40的保护结构50，检测组件40能够对电池单体7的工作状态进行实时检测，对于电池单体7工作中的异常参数能够进行快速预警，能够使相应的安全机构或人员及时地进行应对，进而能够提升电池单体7的安全性和可靠性。保护结构50覆盖检测组件40的至少部分表面，能够减小检测组件40在电池单体7的生产或使用过程中检测组件40受到损坏的风险。
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的范围，其均应涵盖在本申请的权利要求和说明书的范围当中。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (22)

  1. 一种电池单体，其特征在于，包括：
    外壳，具有容纳腔；
    电极组件，容纳于所述容纳腔内；
    检测组件，连接于所述外壳并用于检测所述电池单体的工作状态；
    保护结构，覆盖所述检测组件的至少部分表面。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述外壳包括第一壁，所述检测组件连接于所述第一壁。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述检测组件位于所述第一壁背离所述容纳腔的一侧。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述外壳包括电极端子，所述电极端子凸出于所述第一壁背离所述容纳腔的一侧表面，所述电极端子与所述电极组件的极耳电连接，所述检测组件与所述电极端子电连接。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电池单体，其特征在于，沿所述第一壁的厚度方向上，所述保护结构背离所述第一壁的表面不高于所述电极端子背离所述第一壁的表面。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述检测组件位于所述第一壁朝向所述容纳腔的一侧。
  7. 根据权利要求2-6任一项所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述第一壁设置有凹部，所述凹部由所述第一壁背离所述容纳腔的一侧表面沿朝向所述容纳腔的方向凹陷形成；
    或者，所述凹部由所述第一壁朝向所述容纳腔的一侧表面沿背离所述容纳腔的方向凹陷形成；
    所述检测组件至少部分容纳于所述凹部。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述保护结构的形状尺寸与所述凹部的外轮廓的形状尺寸相匹配。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的电池单体，其特征在于，沿所述第一壁的厚度方向上，所述保护结构背离所述第一壁的表面不高于所述第一壁背离所 述容纳腔的一侧表面。
  10. 根据权利要求1-6任一所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述保护结构包括主体部，所述主体部盖设于所述检测组件的至少部分表面。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述保护结构还包括侧部，所述侧部围绕连接于所述主体部以形成容纳空间，所述容纳空间用于容纳所述检测部件。
  12. 根据权利要求1-6任一所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述保护结构为膜层结构体，所述膜层结构体贴附于所述检测组件的至少部分表面。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述保护结构以卡接或粘接的方式连接于所述外壳。
  14. 根据权利要求4或5所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述电池单体还包括绝缘件，所述绝缘件用于绝缘所述电极端子与所述第一壁；
    所述检测组件包括相互连接的传感部件和导线，所述传感部件通过所述导线电连接于所述电极端子。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述电极端子背离所述第一壁的一侧表面设置有连接部，所述导线连接于所述连接部，以使所述传感部件与所述电极端子电连接。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述绝缘件具有凸出于所述电极端子背离所述第一壁的一侧表面的凸部，所述凸部用于将所述电极端子背离所述第一壁的一侧表面与所述连接部隔开。
  17. 根据权利要求14所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述绝缘件上设置有通孔，所述导线通过所述通孔连接于所述电极端子。
  18. 根据权利要求2所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述外壳包括壳体和端盖，所述壳体具有开口，所述端盖用于盖合所述开口；
    所述端盖为所述外壳的第一壁。
  19. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述保护结构上设置有加强部，所述加强部由所述保护结构背向所述检测组件一侧的表面凸出形成。
  20. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述保护结构的材 质为绝缘隔热材质。
  21. 一种电池，其特征在于，包括多个权利要求1-20任一项所述的电池单体。
  22. 一种用电装置，其特征在于，包括权利要求1-20任一项所述的电池单体，所述电池单体用于提供电能。
PCT/CN2022/115742 2022-08-30 2022-08-30 电池单体、电池及用电装置 WO2024044941A1 (zh)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2009202668A (ja) * 2008-02-26 2009-09-10 Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The バッテリ状態検知センサ装置
CN103943901A (zh) * 2014-03-05 2014-07-23 超威电源有限公司 一种铅酸蓄电池电流采集***及其方法
CN208127353U (zh) * 2018-02-27 2018-11-20 天能电池集团有限公司 一种内置温度传感器的铅蓄电池
CN113471555A (zh) * 2020-09-29 2021-10-01 欣旺达电动汽车电池有限公司 智能电芯、电池***以及电动汽车
CN114300817A (zh) * 2021-12-29 2022-04-08 宁德新能源科技有限公司 电化学装置、电池模组及用电设备

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2009202668A (ja) * 2008-02-26 2009-09-10 Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The バッテリ状態検知センサ装置
CN103943901A (zh) * 2014-03-05 2014-07-23 超威电源有限公司 一种铅酸蓄电池电流采集***及其方法
CN208127353U (zh) * 2018-02-27 2018-11-20 天能电池集团有限公司 一种内置温度传感器的铅蓄电池
CN113471555A (zh) * 2020-09-29 2021-10-01 欣旺达电动汽车电池有限公司 智能电芯、电池***以及电动汽车
CN114300817A (zh) * 2021-12-29 2022-04-08 宁德新能源科技有限公司 电化学装置、电池模组及用电设备

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