WO2024042258A1 - Portable multipurpose kitchen - Google Patents

Portable multipurpose kitchen Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024042258A1
WO2024042258A1 PCT/ES2023/070521 ES2023070521W WO2024042258A1 WO 2024042258 A1 WO2024042258 A1 WO 2024042258A1 ES 2023070521 W ES2023070521 W ES 2023070521W WO 2024042258 A1 WO2024042258 A1 WO 2024042258A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
combustion chamber
kitchen
combustion
gases
burner
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2023/070521
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Juan Francisco Colin Calvo
Original Assignee
Juan Francisco Colin Calvo
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Juan Francisco Colin Calvo filed Critical Juan Francisco Colin Calvo
Publication of WO2024042258A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024042258A1/en

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23BMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B10/00Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers
    • F23B10/02Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers including separate secondary combustion chambers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24BDOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B1/00Stoves or ranges
    • F24B1/18Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces
    • F24B1/181Free-standing fireplaces, e.g. for mobile homes ; Fireplaces convertible into stoves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24BDOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B1/00Stoves or ranges
    • F24B1/18Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces
    • F24B1/185Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces with air-handling means, heat exchange means, or additional provisions for convection heating ; Controlling combustion
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24BDOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B1/00Stoves or ranges
    • F24B1/18Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces
    • F24B1/191Component parts; Accessories
    • F24B1/192Doors; Screens; Fuel guards
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24BDOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B1/00Stoves or ranges
    • F24B1/18Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces
    • F24B1/191Component parts; Accessories
    • F24B1/197Hearths
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24BDOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B5/00Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges
    • F24B5/02Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges in or around stoves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24BDOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B7/00Stoves, ranges or flue-gas ducts, with additional provisions for convection heating 
    • F24B7/04Stoves, ranges or flue-gas ducts, with additional provisions for convection heating  with internal air ducts
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24BDOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B13/00Details solely applicable to stoves or ranges burning solid fuels 
    • F24B13/04Arrangements for feeding solid fuel, e.g. hoppers 

Definitions

  • the present invention refers to a multipurpose kitchen. Particular embodiments of the present invention refer to a portable kitchen. In said embodiments, the kitchen can be suitable for use in interior spaces and also for exterior use.
  • “Rocket Stoves” type stoves are mainly used for outdoor cooking or sometimes as simple stoves. It is a device that uses a compartment through which the fuel is introduced, leaving the fuel in the lower part of an elongated combustion chamber, above which there is a hole that allows the exit of hot air at a high temperature (even in the form of flame).
  • the elongated and thin shape of the combustion chamber facilitates, once a suitable temperature is reached, the combustion of the particles raised by the gases produced by the fuel, so that a fairly efficient combustion is achieved, reaching high temperatures and residual smoke not very high.
  • “Rocket Stoves” type stoves are known, which include a support to support the base of a frying pan or pot on top of the combustion chamber, so that its base receives the flame directly.
  • Bilbao kitchens which tend to be much larger. They usually have a hearth at the bottom, either centered or on one side, and at the top they comprise a flat surface with a certain number of holes. With this configuration you achieve something very similar to current stovetop stoves, with different sizes.
  • Bilbao kitchens are also known whose stoves consist of a series of concentric washers, and can leave a small hole open in the center. This hole can be made more or less large by removing or adding washers, which allows the flame or gases to directly impact the kitchen utensil located on the stove.
  • Bilbao kitchens are not configured to be portable, since they are usually designed for indoor spaces and, for this purpose, they need a fixed installation for the smoke outlet, that is, a brick chimney. In the same way as with “Rocket Stoves” type stoves, in Bilbao kitchens, the intensity of the fire is also difficult to regulate.
  • the present invention discloses a portable multipurpose kitchen comprising a burner with a first combustion chamber, an ashtray for collecting ashes located below said first combustion chamber, a cooking area located above the burner and a chimney for the exit of combustion gases produced in the burner.
  • the kitchen area comprises a countertop which, in turn, comprises at least one stove that is heated by combustion gases coming from the burner.
  • the first combustion chamber It comprises a first air inlet, a first opening for horizontal fuel loading and a second opening for vertical fuel loading.
  • the kitchen also includes a chassis that covers the burner and supports the kitchen elements.
  • the burner comprises a second combustion chamber with a vertical tubular shape, the second combustion chamber being located between the first combustion chamber and the cooking area.
  • Said second combustion chamber comprises at least a second air inlet, a first combustion gas outlet that leads to the cooking area and a second combustion gas outlet that leads to a first bypass duct that joins an upper end of the second combustion chamber with the chimney without going through the stove.
  • the kitchen includes means for regulating the amount of combustion gases reaching the kitchen area.
  • Having a burner with a double combustion chamber provides a better and more complete reaction of the fuel, so that the amount of fuel particles suspended in the combustion gases is greatly reduced.
  • With the second combustion not only is it possible to reuse the suspended particles and obtain more heat capacity, and thus greater efficiency, but also eliminate gases that are toxic to humans and animals, such as, for example, carbon monoxide.
  • the air can leave the second combustion zone through two different outlets.
  • the first outlet leads the flame or combustion gases to the kitchen area, which is used to heat utensils and/or food, and the second outlet goes to the first bypass duct, which leads directly to the chimney.
  • the chassis fulfills different functionalities.
  • the first is a structural function, providing solidity to the kitchen.
  • the second is a design function.
  • the design is not only determined by a desired appearance or by structural necessity, but is also determined by the thermal efficiency that is desired to be achieved. Factors to take into account when designing the chassis with good thermal efficiency are combustion inside the burner, the channeling of the flame or combustion gases and possible losses due to heat transmission, among others.
  • the shape of the burner is given by said channeling and efficiency of the combustion, while the chassis is in line with said shape and its structural integrity.
  • the exterior appearance can substantially reflect the interior design.
  • the means to regulate the amount of combustion gases that reach the cooking area regulate the passage of said gases to the stove, which allows much greater control of the heat and thermal energy emanating from the stove and thus the variability of the heating power applied to the food without the need to modify the burner heat, whether through a frying pan, directly or in any other way.
  • a compartment for ashes or ashtray Under the first combustion chamber there is a compartment for ashes or ashtray. Said ashtray can be separated from the combustion chamber by a grate, which allows the fall of only the residual fuel ashes that are smaller than the spaces formed by the grate. This ashtray can be accessible through an opening, so that the ashes can be removed when necessary and thus avoid drowning the fire.
  • the means for regulating the amount of combustion gases reaching the kitchen area comprise a valve.
  • Said valve is in the form of a plate that rotates gradually with respect to an axis between a position of maximum angle, which covers the exit of the first bypass conduit, and a position of minimum angle, which covers the exit to the kitchen area. . In this way, the valve directs the gases from the second combustion chamber towards the kitchen area or the bypass duct depending on its position.
  • the valve is the element that allows you to control or regulate the amount of combustion gases that reach the kitchen, so it is of great help to be able to cook according to the appropriate recipe or food.
  • the plate directs the flow of combustion gases. Said plate can completely cover the exit to the kitchen area, which forces all of the combustion gases to pass through the first bypass duct, or cover the exit of said first bypass duct, which forces the all of the combustion gases to pass through the kitchen area.
  • Being able to regulate the thermal energy transferred to utensils or food gives great versatility to the invention, allowing much greater control of the heat applied in every moment and with it a reaction capacity for complex cooking recipes.
  • the plate can be fixed at at least one intermediate point of its angle of rotation, so that the first and second outlets are open and the flow of combustion gases is distributed equally through each outlet. to the opening ratio of each outlet.
  • the plate With the plate at an intermediate point between both positions of maximum and minimum angle, the plate allows the gases to pass in both directions, distributing the total flow of combustion gases between the exit of the kitchen area and the exit of the first duct. bypass. This distribution is made based on the proportion between the opening for each outlet.
  • the plate has a series of fixing positions along its rotation path.
  • the kitchen comprises a hinged door to close the first opening for horizontal fuel loading and a hinged hatch to close the second opening for vertical fuel loading, the first air inlet is adjustable and is located in the hinged door. to close the first opening for horizontal fuel loading.
  • the door that can be opened to close the first horizontal fuel loading opening is a side door that opens or closes access to the first combustion chamber through the first horizontal fuel loading opening.
  • This door allows the burner to be opened or closed as desired, which provides the capacity to load new fuel horizontally and stoke the fire to a large extent when opened, and less thermal losses and smother the fire if necessary in the closed position.
  • fuel loading can also be done vertically through a hatch or hatch. This allows fuel to be loaded from two different angles, so that loading is more comfortable depending on the situation of the fire or the type of fuel used. Fuel positioning is also a factor when it comes to achieving good combustion.
  • the second opening for vertical fuel loading allows a hopper to be attached.
  • Vertical fuel loading can be done manually or by precipitation, since the hatch and second opening are configured to accommodate, for example, a hopper. This allows a constant supply for the fire, thus achieving a stable heating power over time.
  • At least one side of said first combustion chamber comprises at least one flame viewer.
  • the door that can be opened to close the first opening for horizontal fuel loading comprises at least one flame viewer.
  • the flame viewers on at least one side of the first combustion chamber and on the operable door are made of ceramic glass.
  • the flame viewers are double glass, a first glass being located on a lateral surface of the first combustion chamber and a second glass on the outer wall of the chassis and comprising an air chamber between the first and the second glass of each flame viewer.
  • the ashtray comprises an operable hatch so that the ashtray can be closed or opened as appropriate.
  • the ashtray is covered by the opening door to close the first horizontal fuel loading opening.
  • An opening door for the ashtray helps prevent heat loss while ashes escape or fall outside the kitchen and dirty the floor or its surroundings.
  • the opening door can be a single door to give access to the horizontal fuel loading compartment and the ashtray, which simplifies the design, or a door for each cavity, allowing better control and adaptability for different tasks (loading or emptying the ashtray). ) that you want to do.
  • the kitchen comprises a thermal insulator located between the burner and at least one exterior wall of the chassis.
  • thermal insulation is provided around all the external surfaces of the burner which, in turn, are surrounded by the chassis, said thermal insulator being located between the burner and the walls of the chassis which, on the other hand, are in direct contact with the environment. In this way, unnecessary heat losses are avoided.
  • the burner comprises a narrowing for the passage of gases between the first combustion chamber and the second combustion chamber.
  • the narrowing is located between the first combustion chamber and the second combustion chamber, or in other words, between a final end of the first combustion chamber and an initial or lower end of the second combustion chamber. This narrowing allows the creation of a Venturi effect when the combustion gases pass through the narrowing, which causes, in turn, a pressure drop and an increase in the speed of the gases or hot air that pass through. the first combustion chamber to the second combustion chamber.
  • said at least one second air inlet comprises a secondary duct between an outer wall of the chassis and the first combustion chamber that runs adjacently along said first combustion chamber and that connects a secondary opening in the outer wall of the chassis through which air from the outside enters with at least one hole in the second combustion chamber through which said air is introduced into the second combustion chamber.
  • Having a secondary air duct helps with the oxygenation of the fire, and therefore the combustion reaction, by providing another means for the arrival of new air with oxygen from the environment.
  • the fact that the secondary duct passes adjacently along the combustion chamber, specifically between the outer wall of the chassis and the first combustion chamber, means that the air that may enter through said secondary duct is in contact with a surface of the first combustion chamber at a high temperature, so the new air that passes through the duct heats up as it progresses along its path.
  • preheated oxygenated air is brought to the combustion reaction in the second combustion chamber, so in addition to feeding and oxygenating the fire, it represents a smaller drop in temperature in the reaction, thus facilitating combustion with greater thermal energy.
  • the cooker comprises at least one hole in the first combustion chamber.
  • Said at least one hole in the first combustion chamber is located adjacent to the constriction.
  • said at least one hole in the second combustion chamber is located on the periphery of the lower end of said second combustion chamber also adjacent to the narrowing.
  • the secondary duct connects the secondary opening with said at least one orifice in the first combustion chamber and at least one orifice in the second combustion chamber.
  • placing at least one hole that allows the injection of air in the lower part of the second combustion chamber, adjacent to the narrowing causes the pressure in this area to decrease due to the Venturi effect and, therefore , causes a suction of the air that is around said area, that is, the air inside the secondary duct, and this increases the flow of preheated air that reaches the second combustion area.
  • the presence of at least one hole in the first combustion chamber means that a quantity of the air sucked through the secondary duct also reaches the upper or final part of the first combustion chamber, oxygenated and preheated, where, at encountering the combustion gases in an area prior to the constriction with some turbulence, it mixes more easily with the combustion gases before passing through the constriction and reaching the second combustion chamber.
  • said oxygenated air at high temperature helps burn the fumes.
  • toxic particles such as carbon monoxide (CO)
  • CO carbon monoxide
  • said at least one stove comprises a set of at least two removable concentric circular washers of different sizes, with conjugated interior and exterior diameters, so that they are nested one inside the other.
  • the washer assembly comprises a smaller central washer in the shape of an entirely solid disc and a larger washer with an upper outer diameter greater than the diameter of the hearth and a lower outer diameter equal to the diameter of the hearth.
  • a first function of the set of at least two washers is, together with double combustion, to further prevent the release of unwanted smoke that could dirty the utensils and/or be harmful to users.
  • a second function is to adapt the hole through which the combustion gases exit to different sizes of the possible kitchen utensils that are used. This is achieved by placing washers on the stove, starting with the largest size, which fits into the original hole of the stove, and covers an annular surface of said hole, covering from its inner diameter to its outer diameter and leaving a circular hole of diameter equal to its inner diameter. In turn, a washer with an external diameter matching the internal diameter of said washer can be placed, leaving an even smaller hole. This can be done successively until you reach the last smallest washer, which is intact and does not leave any holes. On the other hand, if these washers cover the entire hole, you can cook anyway, even though the heat transmitted is less and is transmitted by conduction, leaving the utensil in direct contact with the washers.
  • the kitchen comprises a third duct to collect residual gases from said at least one stove located under the countertop and configured parallel to the first bypass duct and which flows into a final end adjacent to the chimney of said first duct. bypass.
  • the combustion gases can escape through the stove and heat the cooking utensil or the food, but it is difficult for all of these gases to escape through the stove and fulfill their objective of transmitting their thermal energy. to the food, either because the set of washers or the utensil covers the stove or because the air flow is too high to be able to completely escape.
  • the area under the countertop includes the third duct. This duct is configured in parallel to the first bypass duct and runs from the stove to a final end of the first bypass duct. These gases still have residual heat that has not been used for their primary purpose of cooking food. This third duct flows into the bypass duct, which leads said gases with residual heat to exit through the chimney to exhaust smoke.
  • the kitchen comprises a coil-shaped heat exchanger located inside the chimney for smoke outlet. This coil collects the residual heat from the gases that pass through the chimney. Furthermore, the kitchen additionally comprises a heat accumulator connected to said heat exchanger to store said residual heat of the gases.
  • the kitchen is capable of generating a large amount of thermal energy, in order to have the minimum amount of losses possible there is thermal insulation around the entire combustion chamber and its path and the countertop. In this same way, very high temperatures on the exterior surfaces that can lead to burns for users are also avoided. Even so, the amount of energy that cannot be used to heat the food, as in most fire stoves, is high.
  • a heat accumulator can be attached to the kitchen, which can store part of the remaining energy from the combustion reaction. Energy can be taken from residual gases or solid surfaces at high temperature, that is, by convection or conduction.
  • One way to accumulate residual energy is by using a heat exchanger, so that the remaining energy from combustion passes to the heat accumulator, and can be used at another time or for other purposes. Having the exchanger in the chimney ensures that the energy collected by the exchanger is already residual energy, which the only thing it will do is be lost in the environment, thus avoiding stealing energy from the process before it has fulfilled its function. main thing to cook the food. With a coil, a large contact surface is achieved, which allows better heat transmission, between a heat accumulating material in liquid form and the high temperature gases that pass through the chimney, in a small volume.
  • the kitchen comprises an attachable oven.
  • Said coupling oven comprises, in turn, thermal insulation on all its surfaces except for a base that is coupled to said at least one stove that radiates into the interior of said oven the thermal energy that it receives by convection of the combustion gases coming from the burner.
  • an oven that attaches to the stove once all the washers have been removed.
  • the oven may have a lower base that receives the combustion gases or flame that arrives from the second combustion chamber of the burner to the stove, said base heating up and radiating the heat inside.
  • it may include thermal insulation on its side walls and its roof or upper surface so as not to have energy losses with its exposure to the environment. In this way, another way of cooking food is achieved and allows roasting and baking, giving the portable kitchen great adaptability and cooking versatility.
  • the kitchen comprises wheels to improve its portability.
  • the kitchen comprises a handle to be able to pull or push the kitchen and improve its portability.
  • the chassis comprises a surface for storing tools and/or kitchen utensils.
  • Figure 1 shows a perspective view of the portable multipurpose kitchen.
  • Figure 2 shows a detailed view of the combustion chamber covered by the outer surface of the chassis and the different fuel inlets it presents.
  • Figure 3 shows a detailed view of the combustion chamber through the outer wall of the chassis.
  • Figure 4 shows a detailed view of the cooking area and the potentiometer.
  • Figure 5 shows the same view as Figure 4 but without the outer wall of the chassis, allowing the potentiometer valve to be seen.
  • Figure 6 shows a side elevation sectional view of the kitchen.
  • Figure 7 shows a front elevation sectional view of the kitchen.
  • Figure 8 shows a perspective view of the kitchen with a hopper installed for loading fuel vertically.
  • Figure 9 shows a detailed view of the hopper.
  • Figure 10 shows a detailed view of the chimney with the heat exchanger installed inside.
  • FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the portable multipurpose kitchen 100.
  • a kitchen area 1 with a countertop 27 that includes a stove 9 in the shape of a hole and washers 26 that cover or cover the hole of the stove 9.
  • Said washers 26 are easily removable to be able to give different sizes to the stove 9 and make it Adjustable to different sizes of utensils that you want to use for cooking.
  • Located below the kitchen area 1 are the means for regulating the amount of combustion gases 3 reaching the kitchen area. In this embodiment, said means 3 have the appearance of a potentiometer, other options being possible. Attached to the countertop 27 through a socket 81 for smoke outlet, there is a chimney 8 for smoke outlet.
  • a chassis 4 that structures the body of the kitchen 100.
  • Said chassis 4 comprises in its lower part a surface 10 for depositing utensils that in turn serves as a base structure platform to which the wheels 11 a, 11 b, 1 1 c and 1 1 d are attached. This structure and the presence of wheels facilitate the portability of the kitchen 100 so that it can be moved or transferred as convenient for the user.
  • a flame viewer 13b On a lateral surface of the chassis 4 that surrounds the burner 2, a flame viewer 13b is located, while in the front part there is an operable door 15 that gives access to an ashtray, a door 14 for access to fuel loading horizontal that includes a flame viewer 13a and a first air inlet 16 adjustable to the burner 2.
  • a hatch 12 On another upper horizontal surface of the lower part of the burner 2, a hatch 12 is located that gives access to said burner 2 for a load of fuel. vertically. In this figure you can also see two projections 84 and 85 on the chimney 8 for coupling a heat accumulator (not shown).
  • FIG. 2 shows in detail the burner 2 covered by the chassis 4 and the different entrances to said burner 2.
  • the burner 2 comprises a first horizontal combustion chamber 21 which can be accessed through different entrances. .
  • the burner 2 has two entrances for fuel loading, a first entrance 19 for horizontal fuel loading, which can be opened and closed through the door 14 located on the front surface of the first combustion chamber 21 and another second entrance 17.
  • for vertical fuel loading which can be opened or closed by means of the hatch 12 located on a surface higher than the first combustion chamber 21.
  • Said grate 205 allows the ashes to pass through once reduced to a size small enough to slip between its openings.
  • the ashes resulting from combustion are stored in ashtray 5 until the user needs or wants to remove them.
  • Said ashtray 5 is accessible through a hatch 15 that allows its opening and closing.
  • flame viewers 13b and 13c are located to be able to observe the fire and react in the desired way, adding fuel, fanning it or drowning it, allowing more or less air to enter through the first inlet.
  • Door 14 also has a flame viewer 13a to be able to observe the fire from the front.
  • a secondary opening 18b of a second air inlet, the front wheels 11a and 11b of the kitchen 100 attached to the chassis 4 and the surface 10 can also be seen in this view.
  • Figure 3 shows a perspective view removing the side wall of the chassis 4, so that the interior walls of the burner 2 can be seen.
  • the most notable thing is that it allows us to clearly distinguish the first combustion chamber 21 and the second combustion chamber 22 has a vertical tubular shape and shows a secondary air duct 28a located between a lateral outer wall (not seen) of the chassis 4 and the wall of the burner 2 and following the path of the first combustion chamber 21, of so that air from outside can enter through a secondary opening 18a of a second air inlet until reaching orifices 23a and 23b located in the lower part of the second combustion chamber 22 and in the upper part of the first combustion chamber. combustion 21 respectively.
  • the burner 2 is surrounded by a thermal insulating material 29 located between said burner 2 and the outer walls of the chassis 4.
  • this structure can be symmetrical and include another secondary air duct and holes. on the opposite side of burner 2, although having it on only one side, the one shown in this figure or the opposite, is also totally possible and functional.
  • Many of the elements mentioned and shown above also appear in this figure, such as the hatch 12, the flame viewers 13a and 13b, the door 14, the damper 15, the first adjustable air inlet 16, the ashtray 5, the surface 10 and the front wheels 11 a and 11 b.
  • FIG. 4 shows a detailed view of the kitchen area 1 and the means for regulating the amount of combustion gases 3 that reach the kitchen area, which are located at an upper end of the second combustion chamber of the burner.
  • said means 3 comprise a power indicator 25 in the form of a plate attached to the chassis 4 and a hand 24 which allows a secure grip to act on the means 3 in order to regulate the fire.
  • the washers 26 located on the stove 9 located on the countertop 27.
  • Below said countertop 27 and adjacent to the media 3 you can see the first bypass duct 6.
  • the hatch 12 In a second plane you can also see the hatch 12, the second entrance 17 for vertical fuel loading, the interior of the first combustion chamber 21, the viewer 13b and the surface 10 for storing kitchen utensils.
  • Figure 5 shows a figure very similar to the previous one, but the lateral outer wall of the chassis 4 and the power indicator plate 25 of the means 3 have been hidden, so that internal elements of the kitchen 100 can be seen.
  • said means 3 are located at the end, or upper part, of the second combustion chamber, so the hot gases or flame reach them from below, and It is at this point that a valve 30 in the form of a plate with the capacity to rotate with respect to an axis allows said gases to pass in one direction or another depending on its position. If the valve 30 is in a substantially horizontal position, it covers the first outlet 201 towards the kitchen area 1, allowing or guiding all the gases towards the second outlet 206 towards the first bypass duct 6.
  • valve 30 If, on the contrary, the valve 30 is in a substantially vertical position, then it covers the second outlet 206 towards the first bypass duct 6, allowing the entire flow of combustion gases to pass through the first outlet 201 towards the kitchen area 1, so that they reach the stove 9. If the valve 30 is in an intermediate position, the flow of the combustion gases is guided towards both outlets 201 and 206 with a flow rate proportional to the opening left by the valve 30 with each outlet 201. and 206. In this figure you can also see some other elements already mentioned such as the countertop 27, thermal insulating material 29 between the second combustion chamber 22 and the chassis 4, the hatch 12, the handle 24 of the means 3, the surface 10 to store kitchen utensils, the second entrance 17 for vertical fuel loading and even a rear wheel 11c.
  • Figure 6 shows a side elevation sectional view of the kitchen 100. This figure allows us to see the internal configuration of the kitchen 100, identify the different internal elements and, at the same time, exemplify the complete path 121 of the gases product of the combustion. Said route 121 originates where the fuel, therefore, near the fuel loading inlets 17 and 19 in the first combustion chamber 21, either the horizontal loading inlet or the vertical loading inlet, which are accessed through the door 14 and hatch. 12 respectively. In this combustion, fresh air can enter through the adjustable air inlet 16. Just below this area, separated by a grille 205, is the ashtray 5, to which access is given through the door 15. At this point, the flow of combustion gases moves substantially laterally through the first chamber.
  • combustion chamber 21 to a more interior area driven by the draft produced by the chimney and the difference in pressures inside and outside the burner.
  • the flow of combustion gases reaches the junction between the first combustion chamber 21 and the second combustion chamber 22, where there is a narrowing 20 through which the combustion gases pass.
  • This causes a Venturi effect, further amplifying said pressure difference, which in turn causes air suction through the orifices 23a located in the lower or initial area of the second combustion chamber 22.
  • This air suction absorbs outside air through the secondary opening 18a, said outside air passes through the secondary air duct 28a.
  • the configuration of the holes 23a and 23b, one on each side and adjacent to the narrowing 20 and being in turn connected to the same secondary duct 28a, means that the suction through the holes 23a achieved by the Venturi effect also reaches an amount of outside air passing through the secondary duct 28a to the first combustion chamber 21 before tapering. In this way, said amount of preheated and oxygenated air is mixed with the combustion gases before reaching the second combustion chamber 22. On the other hand, another amount of the preheated and oxygenated air arrives directly to the second combustion chamber 22.
  • valve 30 gives way to the gases or flame towards the first outlet 201, towards the combustion zone. kitchen 1 and/or to the second outlet 206 towards the first bypass duct 6. If one of the two outlets 201 or 206 is covered by valve 30, the entire flow comes out through the other outlet, if valve 30 is in an intermediate position, as seen in the figure, the flow is divided between both outlets. 201 and 206 in proportion to the openings left by the valve 30 with each outlet.
  • the air flow that comes out through the first bypass duct 6 follows the path of said first duct 6 and reaches the socket 81, which guides it towards the chimney 8 for smoke outlet. Said combustion gases will not contribute to the cooking of any food, so that the thermal power in the kitchen area 1 is controlled by the means 3 causing the valve 30 to divert part of the thermal energy of the combustion, reducing the flow of the gases that reach this area. Even so, the thermal energy contained in this quantity of gases diverted towards the first bypass duct 6 is used once it reaches the smoke outlet chimney 8 when it comes into contact with the heat exchanger 83 which is located inside. of the chimney 8.
  • the flow of gases that reaches the kitchen area 1 either comes out directly through the hole made up of the stove 9 and/or the possible washers 26 that are located in it, thus managing to heat any utensil that is located above the stove 9 or is covered by the washers, heating said washers 26, which in turn transmit the heat to the utensil placed on top of said washers 26 when being in direct contact.
  • this heat transfer can be direct by convection, the flow of gases passes through the hole and comes into contact with the utensil, or indirect, the flow of gases encounters the washers 26, which completely cover the utensil. hole of the stove 9, heating said washers 26 by convection and said washers transfer the heat by conduction to the utensil located above them.
  • a third duct 40 is enabled to collect residual gases that passes under the countertop 27 and is configured in parallel with the first. bypass conduit 6. Said third duct 40 to collect residual gases flows into the final part of the first duct 6, which in turn will guide the flow of residual gases towards the chimney 8, thus achieving that the residual heat in the gases is reused with the heat exchanger. heat 83. Finally, the flow that comes from the first duct 6 and the third duct 40, continues its journey upwards due to the pressure difference and exits through the upper part of the chimney 8. In this figure you can also see elements such as the thermal insulator 29 between the walls of burner 2 and the chassis 4, the surface 10 for storing kitchen utensils, the hatch 12 and the wheels 11 by 11c.
  • Figure 7 shows a front elevation section view that allows seeing, from another angle, the final or upper area of the second combustion chamber 22, where the means 3 act through the valve 30 and the elements of the combustion area. kitchen 1. This angle helps to better see the interior of the kitchen area 1 and the third duct 40 under the countertop 27.
  • the valve 30 since the valve 30 is in an intermediate position, it would make way for the first outlet 201, located above the valve 30, and towards the second outlet 206, which can be seen located behind the valve 30.
  • Figure 8 shows the kitchen 100 in a configuration where a hopper 300 has been installed for loading fuel vertically.
  • the hatch 12 has been completely opened, so that the hopper 300 is coupled to the second inlet 17 for vertical fuel loading.
  • This configuration allows, if desired, to be able to load the fuel horizontally independently, through the door 14 and the first entrance 19, observe the fire through the viewers 13a, 13b and 13c and empty the ashtray 5 a through the gate 15.
  • FIG. 9 shows a detailed view of the hopper 300 attachable to the kitchen 100.
  • Said hopper 300 comprises a tank 31 with a square section where the fuel is stored, for example, pellets or olive pits, a lid 32, a funnel 33 that It ends in a passage 34 that connects with the first combustion chamber, a regulating handle 35 that regulates by threading the positioning of a plate (not shown) as a horizontal guillotine, which allows, or not, the passage of fuel towards the chamber. combustion.
  • the hopper 300 also comprises a platform 37 that fits and seals the second entrance 17, a tube 38 of square section with openings 313a, 313b and 313c to see the fire and bars 39 to collect the fuel in the form of pills when it falls through. step 34.
  • the openings 313a, 313b and 313c can be covered with ceramic glass, so that they allow the fire to be seen through the viewers 13a, 13b and 13c but do not allow the passage or reflux of air.
  • the opening 313a may not even be present, so that the fire cannot be seen through the viewer 13a and is only possible through the viewers 13b and 13c when the hopper 300 is attached.
  • Figure 10 shows a detailed view of the smoke outlet chimney 8 with the coil-shaped heat exchanger 83 installed inside, with projections 84 and 85 to couple the heat accumulator (not shown) and provide entry and output to a flow responsible for collecting said heat to be stored in the form of thermal energy.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention relates to a portable multipurpose kitchen comprising a stove with a first combustion chamber, a second combustion chamber and a cooking area located above the stove, with a worktop and at least one burner. The first combustion chamber comprises a first air intake, a first opening for horizontal loading and a second opening for vertical fuel loading. The kitchen comprises a casing that covers the stove and supports the parts of the kitchen. The second combustion chamber has a vertical tubular shape, is located between the first combustion chamber and the cooking area and comprises a second air intake. The kitchen comprises a flue and means for regulating the amount of combustion gases that reach the cooking area or go directly to the flue through a bypass conduit.

Description

COCINA MULTIUSOS PORTABLE PORTABLE MULTIPURPOSE KITCHEN
DESCRIPCIÓN DESCRIPTION
La presente invención hace referencia a una cocina multiusos. Realizaciones particulares de la presente invención hacen referencia a una cocina portátil. En dichas realizaciones, la cocina puede ser apta para uso en espacios interiores y también para exterior. The present invention refers to a multipurpose kitchen. Particular embodiments of the present invention refer to a portable kitchen. In said embodiments, the kitchen can be suitable for use in interior spaces and also for exterior use.
El arte de cocinar con fuego se ha ¡do perfeccionando desde tiempos prehistóricos, y con ello la evolución de las herramientas utilizadas para ello se ha ¡do desarrollando. A pesar de los significativos avances, el fuego sigue siendo uno de los métodos preferidos para la mayoría de cocineros independientemente de la cultura de la cual provengan. The art of cooking with fire has been perfected since prehistoric times, and with it the evolution of the tools used for it has been developing. Despite significant advances, fire remains one of the preferred methods for most cooks regardless of the culture from which they come.
Distintos dispositivos o artilugios para cocinar han sido inventados a lo largo de muchos años. Algunos de estos dispositivos conocidos son, por ejemplo, las cocinas denominadas “Rocket Stoves” y las cocinas bilbaínas. Different devices or gadgets for cooking have been invented over many years. Some of these well-known devices are, for example, the kitchens called “Rocket Stoves” and the Bilbao kitchens.
Las cocinas de tipo “Rocket Stoves” son principalmente usadas para cocinar en exteriores o a veces como simples estufas. Es un dispositivo que usa un compartimento por donde se introduce el combustible quedando el combustible en la parte más inferior de una cámara de combustión alargada, encima de la cual se encuentra un orificio que permite la salida de aire caliente a elevada temperatura (incluso en forma de llama). La forma alargada y delgada de la cámara de combustión facilita, una vez se llega a una temperatura adecuada, la combustión de las partículas levantadas por los gases producidos por el combustible, de forma que se consigue una combustión bastante eficiente, llegando a elevadas temperaturas y humos residuales no muy altos. Para su uso en cocina, son conocidas las cocinas de tipo “Rocket Stoves” que comprenden un soporte para apoyar la base de una sartén u olla encima de la cámara de combustión, de forma que su base recibe la llama de forma directa. “Rocket Stoves” type stoves are mainly used for outdoor cooking or sometimes as simple stoves. It is a device that uses a compartment through which the fuel is introduced, leaving the fuel in the lower part of an elongated combustion chamber, above which there is a hole that allows the exit of hot air at a high temperature (even in the form of flame). The elongated and thin shape of the combustion chamber facilitates, once a suitable temperature is reached, the combustion of the particles raised by the gases produced by the fuel, so that a fairly efficient combustion is achieved, reaching high temperatures and residual smoke not very high. For use in the kitchen, “Rocket Stoves” type stoves are known, which include a support to support the base of a frying pan or pot on top of the combustion chamber, so that its base receives the flame directly.
Por otro lado, otro dispositivo conocido son las cocinas bilbaínas, las cuales suelen ser mucho más grandes. Suelen tener un hogar en la parte inferior, ya sea centrado o a un lado, y en la parte superior comprenden una superficie plana con un determinado número de orificios. Con esta configuración se consigue algo muy parecido a las actuales cocinas de fogones, con distintos tamaños. Con tal de crear un efecto de fogones de distintos tamaños de forma incluso más versátil, también son conocidas cocinas bilbaínas cuyos fogones consisten en una señe de arandelas concéntricas, pudiendo dejar un pequeño orificio abierto en el centro. Este orificio puede hacerse más o menos grande retirando o añadiendo arandelas, lo que permite que la llama o los gases incidan directamente en el utensilio de cocina situado sobre el fogón. On the other hand, another well-known device is Bilbao kitchens, which tend to be much larger. They usually have a hearth at the bottom, either centered or on one side, and at the top they comprise a flat surface with a certain number of holes. With this configuration you achieve something very similar to current stovetop stoves, with different sizes. In order to create an effect of stoves of different sizes in an even more versatile way, Bilbao kitchens are also known whose stoves consist of a series of concentric washers, and can leave a small hole open in the center. This hole can be made more or less large by removing or adding washers, which allows the flame or gases to directly impact the kitchen utensil located on the stove.
A pesar de que estas cocinas son funcionales, se pueden encontrar distintos inconvenientes en cada una de ellas. Las cocinas del tipo “Rocket Stove”, a pesar de conseguir una combustión más eficiente que un simple fuego a tierra, siguen generando humo, con lo que puede ensuciar rápidamente las sartenes, resulta más contaminante y en parte por esto no es tan recomendable usarlo en espacios interiores. Además la regulación de la llama y por tanto del calor usado para cocinar se debe regular directamente con más o menos cantidad de combustible, con lo que es muy poco variable y resulta difícil y lento de regular. Although these kitchens are functional, different drawbacks can be found in each of them. “Rocket Stove” type stoves, despite achieving more efficient combustion than a simple ground fire, continue to generate smoke, which can quickly dirty the pans, it is more polluting and in part for this reason it is not recommended to use it. in interior spaces. Furthermore, the regulation of the flame and therefore the heat used for cooking must be regulated directly with a greater or lesser amount of fuel, which makes it very variable and difficult and slow to regulate.
Las cocinas bilbaínas no están configuradas para ser portables, ya que suelen estar diseñadas para espacios interiores y, con este fin, necesitan una instalación fija para la salida de humos, es decir, una chimenea de obra. De la misma forma que con las cocinas del tipo “Rocket Stoves”, en las cocinas bilbaínas, la intensidad del fuego también resulta difícil de regular. Bilbao kitchens are not configured to be portable, since they are usually designed for indoor spaces and, for this purpose, they need a fixed installation for the smoke outlet, that is, a brick chimney. In the same way as with “Rocket Stoves” type stoves, in Bilbao kitchens, the intensity of the fire is also difficult to regulate.
Es un objetivo de la presente invención dar a conocer una cocina multiusos portable que no presente los inconvenientes indicados anteriormente. It is an objective of the present invention to provide a portable multipurpose kitchen that does not present the drawbacks indicated above.
Más en particular, la presente invención da a conocer una cocina multiusos portable que comprende un quemador con una primera cámara de combustión, un cenicero para recoger cenizas situado debajo de dicha primera cámara de combustión, una zona de cocina situada por encima del quemador y una chimenea para salida de gases de combustión producidos en el quemador. La zona de cocina comprende una encimera que, a su vez, comprende al menos un fogón que es calentado por gases de combustión procedentes del quemador. La primera cámara de combustión comprende una primera entrada de aire, una primera abertura para carga horizontal de combustible y una segunda abertura para carga vertical de combustible. La cocina también comprende un chasis que recubre el quemador y da soporte a los elementos de la cocina. El quemador comprende una segunda cámara de combustión con forma tubular vertical estando situada la segunda cámara de combustión entre la primera cámara de combustión y la zona de cocina. Dicha segunda cámara de combustión comprende al menos una segunda entrada de aire, una primera salida de gases de combustión que conduce a la zona de cocina y una segunda salida de gases de combustión que conduce a un primer conducto de bypass que une un extremo superior de la segunda cámara de combustión con la chimenea sin pasar por el fogón. Además, la cocina comprende medios para regular la cantidad de gases de combustión que llegan a la zona de la cocina. More particularly, the present invention discloses a portable multipurpose kitchen comprising a burner with a first combustion chamber, an ashtray for collecting ashes located below said first combustion chamber, a cooking area located above the burner and a chimney for the exit of combustion gases produced in the burner. The kitchen area comprises a countertop which, in turn, comprises at least one stove that is heated by combustion gases coming from the burner. The first combustion chamber It comprises a first air inlet, a first opening for horizontal fuel loading and a second opening for vertical fuel loading. The kitchen also includes a chassis that covers the burner and supports the kitchen elements. The burner comprises a second combustion chamber with a vertical tubular shape, the second combustion chamber being located between the first combustion chamber and the cooking area. Said second combustion chamber comprises at least a second air inlet, a first combustion gas outlet that leads to the cooking area and a second combustion gas outlet that leads to a first bypass duct that joins an upper end of the second combustion chamber with the chimney without going through the stove. Furthermore, the kitchen includes means for regulating the amount of combustion gases reaching the kitchen area.
El hecho de contar con un quemador con doble cámara de combustión proporciona una mejor y más completa reacción del combustible, de forma que la cantidad de partículas de combustible en suspensión en los gases de combustión se ve altamente reducida. Con la segunda combustión, no sólo se consigue reaprovechar las partículas en suspensión y obtener más capacidad calorífica, y con ello mayor eficiencia, sino que también se eliminan gases tóxicos para los humanos y animales como, por ejemplo, el monóxido de carbono. Having a burner with a double combustion chamber provides a better and more complete reaction of the fuel, so that the amount of fuel particles suspended in the combustion gases is greatly reduced. With the second combustion, not only is it possible to reuse the suspended particles and obtain more heat capacity, and thus greater efficiency, but also eliminate gases that are toxic to humans and animals, such as, for example, carbon monoxide.
Una vez lograda la segunda combustión, el aire puede salir de la segunda zona de combustión por dos salidas distintas. La primera salida conduce la llama o gases de combustión a la zona de la cocina, los cuales se usan para calentar los utensilios y/o la comida, y la segunda salida va al primer conducto de bypass, el cual conduce directamente a la chimenea. Once the second combustion has been achieved, the air can leave the second combustion zone through two different outlets. The first outlet leads the flame or combustion gases to the kitchen area, which is used to heat utensils and/or food, and the second outlet goes to the first bypass duct, which leads directly to the chimney.
El chasis cumple distintas funcionalidades. La primera es una función estructural, dotando de solidez a la cocina. La segunda es una función de diseño. El diseño no viene solamente dado por una apariencia deseada y tampoco por necesidad estructural, sino que también viene dado por la eficiencia térmica que se desea conseguir. Factores a tener en cuenta a la hora de diseñar el chasis con buena eficiencia térmica son, la combustión dentro del quemador, la canalización de la llama o los gases de combustión y las posibles pérdidas por transmisión de calor, entre otros. La forma del quemador viene dada por dicha canalización y eficiencia de la combustión, mientras que el chasis va en consonancia con dicha forma y su integridad estructural. Por eficiencia y optimización estructural y de material, la apariencia exterior puede reflejar de forma sustancial el diseño interior. The chassis fulfills different functionalities. The first is a structural function, providing solidity to the kitchen. The second is a design function. The design is not only determined by a desired appearance or by structural necessity, but is also determined by the thermal efficiency that is desired to be achieved. Factors to take into account when designing the chassis with good thermal efficiency are combustion inside the burner, the channeling of the flame or combustion gases and possible losses due to heat transmission, among others. The shape of the burner is given by said channeling and efficiency of the combustion, while the chassis is in line with said shape and its structural integrity. For efficiency and structural and material optimization, the exterior appearance can substantially reflect the interior design.
Los medios para regular la cantidad de gases de combustión que llegan a la zona de cocina regulan el paso de dichos gases hacia el fogón, lo que permite un control mucho mayor del calor y de la energía térmica que emana del fogón y con ello la variabilidad de la potencia calorífica aplicada a la comida sin necesidad de modificar el fuego del quemador, ya sea a través de una sartén, de forma directa o de cualquier otra forma. The means to regulate the amount of combustion gases that reach the cooking area regulate the passage of said gases to the stove, which allows much greater control of the heat and thermal energy emanating from the stove and thus the variability of the heating power applied to the food without the need to modify the burner heat, whether through a frying pan, directly or in any other way.
Debajo de la primera cámara de combustión se halla un compartimento para las cenizas o cenicero. Dicho cenicero puede estar separado de la cámara de combustión por una rejilla, la cual permite la caída sólo de las cenizas residuales del combustible que son de menor dimensión que los espacios formados por la rejilla. Este cenicero puede ser accesible a través de una abertura, con tal de poder extraer las cenizas cuando sea necesario y así evitar ahogar el fuego. Under the first combustion chamber there is a compartment for ashes or ashtray. Said ashtray can be separated from the combustion chamber by a grate, which allows the fall of only the residual fuel ashes that are smaller than the spaces formed by the grate. This ashtray can be accessible through an opening, so that the ashes can be removed when necessary and thus avoid drowning the fire.
En una realización preferente, los medios para regular la cantidad de gases de combustión que llegan a la zona de la cocina comprenden una válvula. Dicha válvula es en forma de placa que gira de forma gradual respecto a un eje entre una posición de ángulo máximo, que tapa la salida del primer conducto de bypass, y una posición de ángulo mínimo, que tapa la salida a la zona de la cocina. De esta forma, la válvula dirige los gases procedentes de la segunda cámara de combustión hacia la zona de cocina o el conducto de bypass según su posición. In a preferred embodiment, the means for regulating the amount of combustion gases reaching the kitchen area comprise a valve. Said valve is in the form of a plate that rotates gradually with respect to an axis between a position of maximum angle, which covers the exit of the first bypass conduit, and a position of minimum angle, which covers the exit to the kitchen area. . In this way, the valve directs the gases from the second combustion chamber towards the kitchen area or the bypass duct depending on its position.
La válvula es el elemento que permite controlar o regular la cantidad de gases de combustión que llegan a la cocina, por lo que es de gran ayuda para poder cocinar según la receta o el alimento convenga. La placa dirige el flujo de gases de combustión. Dicha placa puede tapar por completo la salida a la zona de cocina, lo que fuerza a la totalidad de los gases de combustión a pasar por el primer conducto de bypass, o tapar la salida de dicho primer conducto de bypass, lo que fuerza a la totalidad de los gases de combustión a pasar por la zona de la cocina. Poder regular la energía térmica transferida a los utensilios o a la comida dota de una gran versatilidad a la invención, permitiendo un control mucho mayor del calor aplicado en cada momento y con ello una capacidad de reacción para recetas de cocción compleja. The valve is the element that allows you to control or regulate the amount of combustion gases that reach the kitchen, so it is of great help to be able to cook according to the appropriate recipe or food. The plate directs the flow of combustion gases. Said plate can completely cover the exit to the kitchen area, which forces all of the combustion gases to pass through the first bypass duct, or cover the exit of said first bypass duct, which forces the all of the combustion gases to pass through the kitchen area. Being able to regulate the thermal energy transferred to utensils or food gives great versatility to the invention, allowing much greater control of the heat applied in every moment and with it a reaction capacity for complex cooking recipes.
En una realización más preferente todavía, la placa se puede fijar en al menos un punto intermedio de su ángulo de giro, de forma que la primera y la segunda salida estén abiertas y el flujo de gases de combustión se reparta por cada salida de forma equivalente al ratio de abertura de cada salida. In an even more preferred embodiment, the plate can be fixed at at least one intermediate point of its angle of rotation, so that the first and second outlets are open and the flow of combustion gases is distributed equally through each outlet. to the opening ratio of each outlet.
Estando la placa en un punto intermedio entre ambas posiciones de ángulo máximo y mínimo, la placa deja pasar los gases en ambos sentidos, repartiendo el flujo total de los gases de combustión entre la salida de la zona de cocina y la salida del primer conducto de bypass. Este repartimiento se hace en función de la proporción entre la abertura por cada salida. With the plate at an intermediate point between both positions of maximum and minimum angle, the plate allows the gases to pass in both directions, distributing the total flow of combustion gases between the exit of the kitchen area and the exit of the first duct. bypass. This distribution is made based on the proportion between the opening for each outlet.
En una realización aún más preferente, la placa tiene una serie de posiciones de fijación a lo largo del recorrido de su giro. In an even more preferred embodiment, the plate has a series of fixing positions along its rotation path.
Disponer de distintos puntos intermedios, da mayor control sobre la cantidad de calor que pasa hacia la zona de cocina y/o el primer conducto de bypass, permitiendo controlar el calor en el fogón y teniendo una referencia en cada posición intermedia, para distintas potencias de fuego. Having different intermediate points gives greater control over the amount of heat that passes to the cooking area and/or the first bypass duct, allowing control of the heat in the stove and having a reference in each intermediate position, for different power levels. fire.
En una realización preferente, la cocina comprende una puerta practicable para cerrar la primera abertura para carga horizontal de combustible y una trampilla practicable para cerrar la segunda abertura para carga vertical de combustible, la primera entrada de aire es regulable y está situada en la puerta practicable para cerrar la primera abertura para carga horizontal de combustible. In a preferred embodiment, the kitchen comprises a hinged door to close the first opening for horizontal fuel loading and a hinged hatch to close the second opening for vertical fuel loading, the first air inlet is adjustable and is located in the hinged door. to close the first opening for horizontal fuel loading.
La puerta practicable para cerrar la primera abertura para carga horizontal de combustible es una puerta lateral que abre o cierra el acceso a la primera cámara de combustión a través de la primera abertura para carga horizontal de combustible. Esta puerta permite abrir o cerrar el quemador según se desee, lo que aporta capacidad de carga de horizontal de nuevo combustible y de avivar el fuego en gran medida al abrirla, y menos pérdidas térmicas y ahogar el fuego si es necesario en posición de cerrado. Por otro lado, la carga de combustible también se puede realizar de forma vertical a través de una compuerta o trampilla. Esto permite cargar combustible desde dos ángulos distintos, de forma que resulte más cómoda la carga dependiendo de la situación del fuego o del tipo de combustible que se use. El posicionamiento del combustible también es un factor a la hora de conseguir una buena combustión. El posicionamiento de ramas, troncos o pequeños elementos alargados en forma vertical a la hora de quemar ayudan a obtener una mayor eficiencia calorífica en su combustión, logrando quemar de forma paulatina y ordenada el combustible. De este hecho sale el diseño del quemador con doble cámara de combustión con una primera zona donde se halla el combustible. Una entrada de aire regulable permite controlar la cantidad de aire nuevo que entra en la reacción, lo que permite ahogar el fuego o avivarlo de forma rápida cuando sea necesario, lo que se suele traducir a una menor o mayor temperatura de combustión. The door that can be opened to close the first horizontal fuel loading opening is a side door that opens or closes access to the first combustion chamber through the first horizontal fuel loading opening. This door allows the burner to be opened or closed as desired, which provides the capacity to load new fuel horizontally and stoke the fire to a large extent when opened, and less thermal losses and smother the fire if necessary in the closed position. On the other hand, fuel loading can also be done vertically through a hatch or hatch. This allows fuel to be loaded from two different angles, so that loading is more comfortable depending on the situation of the fire or the type of fuel used. Fuel positioning is also a factor when it comes to achieving good combustion. The positioning of branches, trunks or small elongated elements vertically when burning helps to obtain greater heat efficiency in combustion, achieving gradual and orderly burning of the fuel. From this fact comes the design of the burner with a double combustion chamber with a first area where the fuel is located. An adjustable air inlet allows you to control the amount of new air that enters the reaction, allowing you to smother the fire or quickly fan it when necessary, which usually translates into a lower or higher combustion temperature.
En una realización más preferente todavía, la segunda abertura para carga vertical de combustible permite acoplar una tolva. In an even more preferred embodiment, the second opening for vertical fuel loading allows a hopper to be attached.
La carga vertical de combustible se puede realizar de forma manual o por precipitación, ya que la trampilla y segunda abertura están configuradas para poder acoger, por ejemplo, una tolva. Esto permite una alimentación constante para el fuego, consiguiendo así una potencia calorífica estable en el tiempo. Vertical fuel loading can be done manually or by precipitation, since the hatch and second opening are configured to accommodate, for example, a hopper. This allows a constant supply for the fire, thus achieving a stable heating power over time.
En una realización preferente, al menos un lateral de dicha primera cámara de combustión comprende al menos un visor de llama. In a preferred embodiment, at least one side of said first combustion chamber comprises at least one flame viewer.
En una realización preferente, la puerta practicable para cerrar la primera abertura para carga horizontal de combustible comprende al menos un visor de llama. In a preferred embodiment, the door that can be opened to close the first opening for horizontal fuel loading comprises at least one flame viewer.
En una realización más preferente todavía, los visores de llama en el al menos un lateral de la primera cámara de combustión y en la puerta practicable son de vidrio cerámico. In an even more preferred embodiment, the flame viewers on at least one side of the first combustion chamber and on the operable door are made of ceramic glass.
Dichos visores permiten ver el interior de la primera zona de la cámara de combustión, para poder controlar en todo momento el estado del fuego. En una realización aún más preferente, los visores de llama son de doble cristal, situándose un primer cristal en una superficie lateral de la primera cámara de combustión y un segundo cristal en la pared exterior del chasis y comprendiendo una cámara de aire entre el primer y el segundo cristal de cada visor de llama. These viewers allow you to see inside the first zone of the combustion chamber, to be able to control the state of the fire at all times. In an even more preferred embodiment, the flame viewers are double glass, a first glass being located on a lateral surface of the first combustion chamber and a second glass on the outer wall of the chassis and comprising an air chamber between the first and the second glass of each flame viewer.
Con un visor de doble cristal que permite tener una cámara de aire entre ambos cristales, se consigue un mayor aislamiento y evita pérdidas de calor a la vez que superficies a alta temperatura al alcance del usuario. With a double glass visor that allows an air chamber between both glasses, greater insulation is achieved and prevents heat loss while keeping high temperature surfaces within reach of the user.
En una realización preferente, el cenicero comprende una compuerta practicable para poder cerrar o abrir el cenicero según convenga. In a preferred embodiment, the ashtray comprises an operable hatch so that the ashtray can be closed or opened as appropriate.
En una realización alternativa, el cenicero queda cubierto por la puerta practicable para cerrar la primera abertura de carga horizontal de combustible. In an alternative embodiment, the ashtray is covered by the opening door to close the first horizontal fuel loading opening.
Una puerta practicable para el cenicero ayuda a evitar pérdidas de calor a la vez que las cenizas salgan o caigan fuera de la cocina y ensucien el suelo o sus alrededores. La puerta practicable puede ser una sola puerta para dar acceso a la de carga horizontal de combustible y al cenicero, lo que simplifica el diseño, o una puerta para cada cavidad, permitiendo mejor control y adaptabilidad para las distintas tareas (carga o vaciado del cenicero) que se quieran realizar. An opening door for the ashtray helps prevent heat loss while ashes escape or fall outside the kitchen and dirty the floor or its surroundings. The opening door can be a single door to give access to the horizontal fuel loading compartment and the ashtray, which simplifies the design, or a door for each cavity, allowing better control and adaptability for different tasks (loading or emptying the ashtray). ) that you want to do.
En una realización preferente, la cocina comprende un aislante térmico situado entre el quemador y al menos una pared exterior del chasis. In a preferred embodiment, the kitchen comprises a thermal insulator located between the burner and at least one exterior wall of the chassis.
Para una adecuada eficiencia térmica, se dota de aislante térmico alrededor de todas las superficies externas del quemador que, a su vez, están rodeadas por el chasis, quedando dicho aislante térmico ubicado entre el quemador y las paredes del chasis que por el otro lado están en contacto directo con el ambiente. De esta forma se evita tener pérdidas de calor innecesarias. For adequate thermal efficiency, thermal insulation is provided around all the external surfaces of the burner which, in turn, are surrounded by the chassis, said thermal insulator being located between the burner and the walls of the chassis which, on the other hand, are in direct contact with the environment. In this way, unnecessary heat losses are avoided.
En una realización más preferente, el quemador comprende un estrechamiento para el paso de los gases entre la primera cámara de combustión y la segunda cámara de combustión. El estrechamiento se encuentra entre la primera cámara de combustión y la segunda cámara de combustión, o lo que es lo mismo, entre en un extremo final de la primera cámara de combustión y un extremo inicial o inferior de la segunda cámara de combustión. Este estrechamiento permite la creación de un efecto Venturi a la hora de pasar los gases de combustión a través del estrechamiento, lo que provoca, a su vez, una caída de presión y un aumento de la velocidad de los gases o aire caliente que pasan de la primera cámara de combustión a la segunda cámara de combustión. In a more preferred embodiment, the burner comprises a narrowing for the passage of gases between the first combustion chamber and the second combustion chamber. The narrowing is located between the first combustion chamber and the second combustion chamber, or in other words, between a final end of the first combustion chamber and an initial or lower end of the second combustion chamber. This narrowing allows the creation of a Venturi effect when the combustion gases pass through the narrowing, which causes, in turn, a pressure drop and an increase in the speed of the gases or hot air that pass through. the first combustion chamber to the second combustion chamber.
En una realización preferente, dicha al menos una segunda entrada de aire comprende un conducto secundario entre una pared exterior del chasis y la primera cámara de combustión que recorre de forma adyacente a lo largo de dicha primera cámara de combustión y que conecta una abertura secundaria en la pared exterior del chasis por la que entra el aire del exterior con al menos un orificio en la segunda cámara de combustión por el que dicho aire es introducido a la segunda cámara de combustión. In a preferred embodiment, said at least one second air inlet comprises a secondary duct between an outer wall of the chassis and the first combustion chamber that runs adjacently along said first combustion chamber and that connects a secondary opening in the outer wall of the chassis through which air from the outside enters with at least one hole in the second combustion chamber through which said air is introduced into the second combustion chamber.
Disponer de un conducto secundario de aire ayuda con la oxigenación del fuego, y por lo tanto de la reacción de combustión, al proporcionar otro medio para la llegada de aire nuevo con oxígeno del ambiente. El hecho de que el conducto secundario pase adyacentemente a lo largo de la cámara de combustión, concretamente entre la pared exterior del chasis y la primera cámara de combustión, hace que el aire que pueda entrar a través de dicho conducto secundario, esté en contacto con una superficie de la primera cámara de combustión a temperatura elevada, por lo que el aire nuevo que pasa a través del conducto se va calentando a medida que avanza en su recorrido. De esta forma, se consigue llevar aire oxigenado precalentado a la reacción de combustión en la segunda cámara de combustión, por lo que además de alimentar y oxigenar el fuego, supone una menor bajada de la temperatura en la reacción, facilitando así una combustión con mayor energía térmica. Having a secondary air duct helps with the oxygenation of the fire, and therefore the combustion reaction, by providing another means for the arrival of new air with oxygen from the environment. The fact that the secondary duct passes adjacently along the combustion chamber, specifically between the outer wall of the chassis and the first combustion chamber, means that the air that may enter through said secondary duct is in contact with a surface of the first combustion chamber at a high temperature, so the new air that passes through the duct heats up as it progresses along its path. In this way, preheated oxygenated air is brought to the combustion reaction in the second combustion chamber, so in addition to feeding and oxygenating the fire, it represents a smaller drop in temperature in the reaction, thus facilitating combustion with greater thermal energy.
En una realización más preferente, la cocina comprende al menos un orificio en la primera cámara de combustión. Dicho al menos un orificio en la primera cámara de combustión se encuentra situado de forma adyacente al estrechamiento. Por otro lado, el citado al menos un orificio en la segunda cámara de combustión está situado en la periferia del extremo inferior de dicha segunda cámara de combustión también de forma adyacente al estrechamiento. Así pues, quedan dicho al menos un orificio en la primera cámara de combustión y dicho al menos un orificio en la segunda cámara de combustión uno a cada lado del estrechamiento. Además, el conducto secundario conecta la abertura secundaria con dichos al menos un orificio en la primera cámara de combustión y al menos un orificio en la segunda cámara de combustión. In a more preferred embodiment, the cooker comprises at least one hole in the first combustion chamber. Said at least one hole in the first combustion chamber is located adjacent to the constriction. On the other hand, said at least one hole in the second combustion chamber is located on the periphery of the lower end of said second combustion chamber also adjacent to the narrowing. Thus, there remains said at least one hole in the first combustion chamber and said at least one hole in the second combustion chamber, one on each side of the constriction. Furthermore, the secondary duct connects the secondary opening with said at least one orifice in the first combustion chamber and at least one orifice in the second combustion chamber.
En combinación con lo anterior, colocar al menos un orificio que permite la inyección de aire en la parte inferior de la segunda cámara de combustión, de forma adyacente al estrechamiento, hace que disminuya la presión en esta zona por efecto Venturi y, por lo tanto, provoca una succión del aire que se encuentre alrededor de dicha zona, es decir, el aire dentro del conducto secundario, y esto hace que aumente el flujo de aire precalentado que llega a la segunda zona de combustión. Por otro lado, la presencia de al menos un orificio en la primera cámara de combustión hace que una cantidad del aire succionado a través del conducto secundario también llegue oxigenado y precalentado a la parte superior o final de la primera cámara de combustión, donde, al encontrarse con los gases de combustión en una zona previa al estrechamiento con cierta turbulencia, se mezcla más fácilmente con los gases de combustión antes de pasar por el estrechamiento y llegar a la segunda cámara de combustión. Una vez los gases de combustión y una cantidad del aire oxigenado precalentado pasa por el estrechamiento y llega a la segunda cámara, otra cantidad de aire oxigenado y precalentado entra por dicho al menos un orificio en el extremo inferior de la segunda cámara de combustión. Esta cantidad de aire, al estar a elevada temperatura, ayuda a la reacción a seguir quemando los restos de combustibles que queden en forma de partículas flotantes en los gases procedentes de la primera combustión. Dicho de otra forma, dicho aire oxigenado a elevada temperatura ayuda a quemar los humos. Si una combustión no es lo suficientemente eficiente, partículas tóxicas, como por ejemplo el monóxido de carbono (CO), pueden quedarse flotando en los gases de combustión, de la misma forma que pequeñas partículas sin quemar del mismo combustible, por lo que puede ser peligroso y contaminante respirar dicho humo. Al añadir otra combustión, con más oxígeno y a temperatura elevada, se promueve que dichas partículas flotando en los gases de combustión en forma de humo reaccionen otra vez y se quemen por completo, quedando en simple dióxido de carbono y vapor de agua (CO2 + H2O). Todo esto en combinación hace que la combustión conseguida sea de una elevada eficiencia, lo que reduce contaminantes y aumenta la energía térmica resultante que se usa para cocinar. In combination with the above, placing at least one hole that allows the injection of air in the lower part of the second combustion chamber, adjacent to the narrowing, causes the pressure in this area to decrease due to the Venturi effect and, therefore , causes a suction of the air that is around said area, that is, the air inside the secondary duct, and this increases the flow of preheated air that reaches the second combustion area. On the other hand, the presence of at least one hole in the first combustion chamber means that a quantity of the air sucked through the secondary duct also reaches the upper or final part of the first combustion chamber, oxygenated and preheated, where, at encountering the combustion gases in an area prior to the constriction with some turbulence, it mixes more easily with the combustion gases before passing through the constriction and reaching the second combustion chamber. Once the combustion gases and a quantity of the preheated oxygenated air pass through the constriction and reach the second chamber, another quantity of preheated oxygenated air enters through said at least one orifice at the lower end of the second combustion chamber. This amount of air, being at a high temperature, helps the reaction to continue burning the remains of fuel that remain in the form of floating particles in the gases from the first combustion. In other words, said oxygenated air at high temperature helps burn the fumes. If combustion is not efficient enough, toxic particles, such as carbon monoxide (CO), can remain floating in the combustion gases, in the same way as small unburned particles of the same fuel, so it can be dangerous and polluting to breathe said smoke. By adding another combustion, with more oxygen and at a high temperature, these particles floating in the combustion gases in the form of smoke are encouraged to react again and burn completely, remaining in simple carbon dioxide and water vapor (CO 2 + H 2 O). All this in combination makes the combustion achieved highly efficient, which which reduces pollutants and increases the resulting thermal energy used for cooking.
En una realización preferente dicho al menos un fogón comprende un conjunto de al menos dos arandelas extraíbles circulares concéntricas de distintos tamaños, con diámetros interiores y exteriores conjugados, de forma que quedan encajadas una dentro de otra. El conjunto de arandelas comprende una arandela central de menor tamaño en forma de disco íntegramente sólido y una arandela de mayor tamaño con un diámetro exterior superior mayor al diámetro del fogón y un diámetro exterior inferior igual al diámetro del fogón. In a preferred embodiment, said at least one stove comprises a set of at least two removable concentric circular washers of different sizes, with conjugated interior and exterior diameters, so that they are nested one inside the other. The washer assembly comprises a smaller central washer in the shape of an entirely solid disc and a larger washer with an upper outer diameter greater than the diameter of the hearth and a lower outer diameter equal to the diameter of the hearth.
Una primera función del conjunto de al menos dos arandelas es, junto con la doble combustión, la de evitar todavía más la salida de humos no deseados que puedan ensuciar los utensilios y/o ser dañinos para los usuarios. Una segunda función es la de adaptar el orificio por donde salen los gases de combustión a distintos tamaños de los posibles utensilios de cocina que se usen. Esto se consigue poniendo arandelas en el fogón, empezando por la de mayor tamaño, la cual encaja en el orificio original del fogón, y tapa una superficie anular de dicho orificio, cubriendo desde su diámetro interior hasta su diámetro exterior y dejando un orificio circular de diámetro igual a su diámetro interior. A su vez, una arandela de diámetro exterior conjugado al diámetro interior de dicha arandela puede ser colocada, dejando un orificio de todavía menor tamaño. Esto se puede hacer de forma sucesiva hasta llegar a la última arandela de menor tamaño, que es íntegra y no deja ningún orificio. Por otro lado, si dichas arandelas llegan a cubrir la totalidad del agujero, se puede cocinar de todas formas, a pesar de que el calor transmitido es menor y se transmite por conducción quedando el utensilio en contacto directo con las arandelas. A first function of the set of at least two washers is, together with double combustion, to further prevent the release of unwanted smoke that could dirty the utensils and/or be harmful to users. A second function is to adapt the hole through which the combustion gases exit to different sizes of the possible kitchen utensils that are used. This is achieved by placing washers on the stove, starting with the largest size, which fits into the original hole of the stove, and covers an annular surface of said hole, covering from its inner diameter to its outer diameter and leaving a circular hole of diameter equal to its inner diameter. In turn, a washer with an external diameter matching the internal diameter of said washer can be placed, leaving an even smaller hole. This can be done successively until you reach the last smallest washer, which is intact and does not leave any holes. On the other hand, if these washers cover the entire hole, you can cook anyway, even though the heat transmitted is less and is transmitted by conduction, leaving the utensil in direct contact with the washers.
En una realización preferente, la cocina comprende un tercer conducto para recoger gases residuales de dicho al menos un fogón situado debajo de la encimera y configurado en paralelo al primer conducto de bypass y que desemboca en un extremo final adyacente a la chimenea de dicho primer conducto de bypass. In a preferred embodiment, the kitchen comprises a third duct to collect residual gases from said at least one stove located under the countertop and configured parallel to the first bypass duct and which flows into a final end adjacent to the chimney of said first duct. bypass.
En la zona de cocina, los gases de combustión pueden salir por el fogón y calentar el utensilio para cocinar o la comida, pero difícilmente toda la cantidad de dichos gases pueda escapar por el fogón y cumplir con su objetivo de transmitir su energía térmica a la comida, ya sea porque el conjunto de arandelas o el utensilio tapan el fogón o porque el flujo de aire es demasiado elevado para poder salir al completo. Con el objetivo de recoger y guiar los gases que no salen por el fogón, la zona de debajo de la encimera comprende el tercer conducto. Este conducto está configurado en paralelo al primer conducto de bypass y va desde el fogón hasta un extremo final del primer conducto de bypass. Estos gases todavía tienen calor residual que no se ha usado para su propósito principal de cocinar la comida. Este tercer conducto desemboca al conducto de bypass, lo que lleva a dichos gases con calor residual a salir por la chimenea para salida de humos. In the kitchen area, the combustion gases can escape through the stove and heat the cooking utensil or the food, but it is difficult for all of these gases to escape through the stove and fulfill their objective of transmitting their thermal energy. to the food, either because the set of washers or the utensil covers the stove or because the air flow is too high to be able to completely escape. In order to collect and guide the gases that do not come out through the stove, the area under the countertop includes the third duct. This duct is configured in parallel to the first bypass duct and runs from the stove to a final end of the first bypass duct. These gases still have residual heat that has not been used for their primary purpose of cooking food. This third duct flows into the bypass duct, which leads said gases with residual heat to exit through the chimney to exhaust smoke.
En una realización preferente, la cocina comprende un intercambiador de calor en forma de serpentín ubicado en el interior de la chimenea para salida de humos. Dicho serpentín recoge el calor residual de los gases que pasan por la chimenea. Además, la cocina comprende, de forma adjunta, un acumulador de calor conectado a dicho intercambiador de calor para almacenar el citado calor residual de los gases. In a preferred embodiment, the kitchen comprises a coil-shaped heat exchanger located inside the chimney for smoke outlet. This coil collects the residual heat from the gases that pass through the chimney. Furthermore, the kitchen additionally comprises a heat accumulator connected to said heat exchanger to store said residual heat of the gases.
La cocina es capaz de generar una gran cantidad de energía térmica, con tal de tener la mínima cantidad de pérdidas posible hay el aislante térmico alrededor de toda la cámara de combustión y su recorrido y la encimera. De esta misma forma también se evita tener temperaturas muy elevadas en las superficies exteriores que pueden llevar a quemaduras de los usuarios. Aun así, la cantidad de energía que no se puede acabar destinando a la función de calentar la comida, como en la mayoría de cocinas de fuego, es elevada. Así pues, con tal de mejorar la eficiencia energética de la cocina, se puede acoplar un acumulador de calor de forma adjunta a la cocina, que pueda almacenar parte de dicha energía restante de la reacción de combustión. Se puede coger la energía de gases residuales o de superficies sólidas a alta temperatura, es decir, por convección o por conducción. The kitchen is capable of generating a large amount of thermal energy, in order to have the minimum amount of losses possible there is thermal insulation around the entire combustion chamber and its path and the countertop. In this same way, very high temperatures on the exterior surfaces that can lead to burns for users are also avoided. Even so, the amount of energy that cannot be used to heat the food, as in most fire stoves, is high. Thus, in order to improve the energy efficiency of the kitchen, a heat accumulator can be attached to the kitchen, which can store part of the remaining energy from the combustion reaction. Energy can be taken from residual gases or solid surfaces at high temperature, that is, by convection or conduction.
Una forma de poder acumular la energía residual es usando un intercambiador de calor, de forma que la energía restante de la combustión pase al acumulador de calor, y esta se pueda usar en otro momento o para otros propósitos. El hecho de tener el intercambiador en la chimenea asegura que la energía recogida por el intercambiador es ya energía residual, que lo único que va a hacer es perderse en el ambiente, así se evita robar energía al proceso antes de que esta haya cumplido su función principal de cocinar la comida. Con un serpentín se consigue una gran superficie de contacto, que permite mejor transmisión de calor, entre un material acumulador de calor en forma líquida y los gases a elevada temperatura que pasan por la chimenea, en un volumen pequeño. One way to accumulate residual energy is by using a heat exchanger, so that the remaining energy from combustion passes to the heat accumulator, and can be used at another time or for other purposes. Having the exchanger in the chimney ensures that the energy collected by the exchanger is already residual energy, which the only thing it will do is be lost in the environment, thus avoiding stealing energy from the process before it has fulfilled its function. main thing to cook the food. With a coil, a large contact surface is achieved, which allows better heat transmission, between a heat accumulating material in liquid form and the high temperature gases that pass through the chimney, in a small volume.
En una realización preferente, la cocina comprende un horno acopladle. Dicho horno acopladle comprende, a su vez, aislante térmico en todas sus superficies excepto en una base que se acopla al citado al menos un fogón que radia hacia el interior de dicho horno la energía térmica que recibe por convección de los gases de combustión procedentes del quemador. In a preferred embodiment, the kitchen comprises an attachable oven. Said coupling oven comprises, in turn, thermal insulation on all its surfaces except for a base that is coupled to said at least one stove that radiates into the interior of said oven the thermal energy that it receives by convection of the combustion gases coming from the burner.
Para poder acoplar un horno en la zona de cocina permite cocinar la comida de distintas maneras y tener más versatilidad. Un posible diseño es un horno que se acople al fogón una vez quitadas todas las arandelas. El horno puede tener una base inferior que reciba los gases de combustión o llama que llega de la segunda cámara de combustión del quemador al fogón, calentándose dicha base y radiando el calor en su interior. Por otro lado, puede comprender aislante térmico en sus paredes laterales y su techo o superficie superior con tal de no tener pérdidas energéticas con su exposición al ambiente. De esta forma se consigue otra manera de poder cocinar los alimentos y permite realizar asados y horneados, dotando a la cocina portable de gran adaptabilidad y versatilidad de cocción. Being able to attach an oven to the kitchen area allows you to cook food in different ways and have more versatility. One possible design is an oven that attaches to the stove once all the washers have been removed. The oven may have a lower base that receives the combustion gases or flame that arrives from the second combustion chamber of the burner to the stove, said base heating up and radiating the heat inside. On the other hand, it may include thermal insulation on its side walls and its roof or upper surface so as not to have energy losses with its exposure to the environment. In this way, another way of cooking food is achieved and allows roasting and baking, giving the portable kitchen great adaptability and cooking versatility.
En una realización preferente, la cocina comprende ruedas para mejorar su portabilidad. In a preferred embodiment, the kitchen comprises wheels to improve its portability.
En una realización preferente, la cocina comprende un asa para poder tirar o empujar de la cocina y mejorar su portabilidad. In a preferred embodiment, the kitchen comprises a handle to be able to pull or push the kitchen and improve its portability.
En una realización preferente, el chasis comprende una superficie para depositar herramientas y/o utensilios de cocina. In a preferred embodiment, the chassis comprises a surface for storing tools and/or kitchen utensils.
Para su mejor comprensión se adjuntan, a título de ejemplo explicativo pero no limitativo, unos dibujos de realizaciones de la presente invención. For your better understanding, some drawings of embodiments of the present invention are attached as an explanatory but non-limiting example.
La figura 1 muestra una vista en perspectiva de la cocina multiusos portable. La figura 2 muestra una vista en detalle de la cámara de combustión recubierta por la superficie exterior del chasis y las distintas entradas para combustible que presenta. Figure 1 shows a perspective view of the portable multipurpose kitchen. Figure 2 shows a detailed view of the combustion chamber covered by the outer surface of the chassis and the different fuel inlets it presents.
La figura 3 muestra una vista en detalle de la cámara de combustión a través de la pared exterior del chasis. Figure 3 shows a detailed view of the combustion chamber through the outer wall of the chassis.
La figura 4 muestra una vista en detalle de la zona de cocina y el potenciómetro. Figure 4 shows a detailed view of the cooking area and the potentiometer.
La figura 5 muestra la misma vista que la figura 4 pero sin la pared exterior del chasis, lo que permite ver la válvula del potenciómetro. Figure 5 shows the same view as Figure 4 but without the outer wall of the chassis, allowing the potentiometer valve to be seen.
La figura 6 muestra una vista en sección de alzado lateral de la cocina. Figure 6 shows a side elevation sectional view of the kitchen.
La figura 7 muestra una vista en sección de alzado frontal de la cocina. Figure 7 shows a front elevation sectional view of the kitchen.
La figura 8 muestra una vista en perspectiva de la cocina con una tolva instalada para carga de combustible de forma vertical. Figure 8 shows a perspective view of the kitchen with a hopper installed for loading fuel vertically.
La figura 9 muestra una vista en detalle de la tolva. Figure 9 shows a detailed view of the hopper.
La figura 10 muestra una vista en detalle de la chimenea con el intercambiador de calor instalado en su interior. Figure 10 shows a detailed view of the chimney with the heat exchanger installed inside.
La figura 1 muestra una realización de la cocina 100 multiusos portable. En dicha figura se pueden ver los distintos elementos exteriores que componen esta realización. Empezando por una zona de cocina 1 con una encimera 27 que comprende un fogón 9 en forma de orificio y unas arandelas 26 que tapan o cubren el orificio del fogón 9. Dichas arandelas 26 son fácilmente extraíbles para poder dar distintos tamaños al fogón 9 y hacerlo ajustable a distintos tamaños de utensilios que se quieran utilizar para cocinar. Situado debajo de la zona de cocina 1 se encuentran los medios para regular la cantidad de gases de combustión 3 que llegan a la zona de cocina. En esta realización, dichos medios 3 presentan aspecto de potenciómetro, siendo posibles otras opciones. Unido a la encimera 27 a través de un encaje 81 para salida de humo hay una chimenea 8 para la salida de humo. Por debajo de la encimera hay un primer conducto 6 de bypass y situada debajo del fogón 9 se encuentra un quemador 2 con forma de “J”, ambos elementos cubiertos y reforzados por un chasis 4 que estructura el cuerpo de la cocina 100. Dicho chasis 4 comprende en su parte inferior una superficie 10 para depositar utensilios que sirve a su vez como plataforma de estructura base a la que se unen las ruedas 11 a, 11 b, 1 1 c y 1 1 d. Esta estructura y la presencia de ruedas facilitan la portabilidad de la cocina 100 de forma que pueda ser movida o trasladada según convenga al usuario. En una superficie lateral del chasis 4 que rodea el quemador 2 se sitúa un visor de llama 13b, mientras que en la parte frontal se encuentran una puerta practicable 15 que da acceso a un cenicero, una puerta 14 para acceso a carga de combustible de forma horizontal que comprende un visor de llama 13a y una primera entrada de aire 16 regulable al quemador 2. En otra superficie horizontal superior de la parte baja del quemador 2, se sitúa una trampilla 12 que da acceso a dicho quemador 2 para una carga de combustible de forma vertical. En esta figura se pueden apreciar también dos salientes 84 y 85 en la chimenea 8 para acople de un acumulador de calor (no mostrado). Figure 1 shows an embodiment of the portable multipurpose kitchen 100. In this figure you can see the different exterior elements that make up this realization. Starting with a kitchen area 1 with a countertop 27 that includes a stove 9 in the shape of a hole and washers 26 that cover or cover the hole of the stove 9. Said washers 26 are easily removable to be able to give different sizes to the stove 9 and make it Adjustable to different sizes of utensils that you want to use for cooking. Located below the kitchen area 1 are the means for regulating the amount of combustion gases 3 reaching the kitchen area. In this embodiment, said means 3 have the appearance of a potentiometer, other options being possible. Attached to the countertop 27 through a socket 81 for smoke outlet, there is a chimney 8 for smoke outlet. Under On the countertop there is a first bypass duct 6 and located under the stove 9 there is a “J”-shaped burner 2, both elements covered and reinforced by a chassis 4 that structures the body of the kitchen 100. Said chassis 4 comprises in its lower part a surface 10 for depositing utensils that in turn serves as a base structure platform to which the wheels 11 a, 11 b, 1 1 c and 1 1 d are attached. This structure and the presence of wheels facilitate the portability of the kitchen 100 so that it can be moved or transferred as convenient for the user. On a lateral surface of the chassis 4 that surrounds the burner 2, a flame viewer 13b is located, while in the front part there is an operable door 15 that gives access to an ashtray, a door 14 for access to fuel loading horizontal that includes a flame viewer 13a and a first air inlet 16 adjustable to the burner 2. On another upper horizontal surface of the lower part of the burner 2, a hatch 12 is located that gives access to said burner 2 for a load of fuel. vertically. In this figure you can also see two projections 84 and 85 on the chimney 8 for coupling a heat accumulator (not shown).
La figura 2 muestra en detalle el quemador 2 cubierto por el chasis 4 y las distintas entradas a dicho quemador 2. En esta figura se puede ver como el quemador 2 comprende una primera cámara de combustión 21 apaisada a la cual se puede acceder por distintas entradas. Por una parte, presenta dos entradas para la carga de combustible, una primera entrada 19 para carga horizontal de combustible, que se puede abrir y cerrar mediante la puerta 14 situada en la superficie frontal de la primera cámara de combustión 21 y otra segunda entrada 17 para carga vertical de combustible, que se puede abrir o cerrar mediante la trampilla 12 situada en una superficie superior a la primera cámara de combustión 21. Por otra parte, situada debajo de dicha primera cámara de combustión 21 , se encuentra un cenicero 5, que está separado parcialmente de la primera cámara de combustión 21 por una rejilla 205. Dicha rejilla 205 deja pasar las cenizas una vez reducidas a un tamaño lo suficientemente pequeño como para colarse entre sus aberturas. Las cenizas producto de la combustión quedan almacenadas en el cenicero 5 hasta que el usuario precise o quiera sacarlas. Dicho cenicero 5 es accesible a través de una compuerta 15 que permite su abertura y cierre. También en la misma parte frontal hay una primera entrada de aire 16 regulable que permite el paso de aire al quemador con tal de dar tiro si el fuego lo necesita. En cada lateral, a la altura de la primera zona de combustión 21 de la cámara de combustión 2 se ubican visores de llama 13b y 13c para poder observar el fuego y reaccionar de la forma deseada, añadiendo combustible, avivándolo o ahogándolo dando entrada a más o menos aire a través de la primera entrada de aire 16, directamente a través de la trampilla 12 o a través de la compuerta 15, incluso sacando cenizas del cenicero 5 si se cree que hubiera demasiadas. La puerta 14 también cuenta con un visor de llama 13a para poder observar el fuego desde la parte frontal. En esta vista también se pueden ver una abertura secundaria 18b de una segunda entrada de aire, las ruedas 11 a y 11b delanteras de la cocina 100 unidas al chasis 4 y la superficie 10. Figure 2 shows in detail the burner 2 covered by the chassis 4 and the different entrances to said burner 2. In this figure it can be seen how the burner 2 comprises a first horizontal combustion chamber 21 which can be accessed through different entrances. . On the one hand, it has two entrances for fuel loading, a first entrance 19 for horizontal fuel loading, which can be opened and closed through the door 14 located on the front surface of the first combustion chamber 21 and another second entrance 17. for vertical fuel loading, which can be opened or closed by means of the hatch 12 located on a surface higher than the first combustion chamber 21. On the other hand, located below said first combustion chamber 21, there is an ashtray 5, which It is partially separated from the first combustion chamber 21 by a grate 205. Said grate 205 allows the ashes to pass through once reduced to a size small enough to slip between its openings. The ashes resulting from combustion are stored in ashtray 5 until the user needs or wants to remove them. Said ashtray 5 is accessible through a hatch 15 that allows its opening and closing. Also on the same front part there is a first adjustable air inlet 16 that allows air to pass to the burner in order to provide draft if the fire needs it. On each side, at the height of the First combustion zone 21 of combustion chamber 2, flame viewers 13b and 13c are located to be able to observe the fire and react in the desired way, adding fuel, fanning it or drowning it, allowing more or less air to enter through the first inlet. of air 16, directly through the hatch 12 or through the gate 15, even removing ashes from the ashtray 5 if it is believed that there are too many. Door 14 also has a flame viewer 13a to be able to observe the fire from the front. A secondary opening 18b of a second air inlet, the front wheels 11a and 11b of the kitchen 100 attached to the chassis 4 and the surface 10 can also be seen in this view.
La figura 3 muestra una vista en perspectiva quitando la pared lateral del chasis 4, de forma que se pueden ver las paredes interiores del quemador 2. En esta vista, lo más destacadle es que permite distinguir de forma clara la primera cámara de combustión 21 y la segunda cámara de combustión 22 con forma tubular vertical y muestra un conducto secundario 28a de aire situado entre una pared exterior lateral (no vista) del chasis 4 y la pared del quemador 2 y siguiendo el recorrido de la primera cámara de combustión 21 , de forma que puede entrar aire del exterior a través de una abertura secundaria 18a de una segunda entrada de aire hasta llegar a unos orificios 23a y 23b situados en la parte inferior de la segunda cámara de combustión 22 y en la parte superior de la primera cámara de combustión 21 respectivamente. Por otro lado también se puede ver que el quemador 2 está rodeado de un material aislante térmico 29 situado entra dicho quemador 2 y las paredes exterior del chasis 4. De forma evidente, esta estructura puede ser simétrica y comprender otro conducto secundario de aire y orificios en el lateral opuesto del quemador 2, aunque tenerlo en un solo lateral, el mostrado en esta figura o el opuesto, también es totalmente posible y funcional. En esta figura también aparecen mucho de los elementos mencionados y mostrados anteriormente, como la trampilla 12, los visores de llama 13a y 13b, la puerta 14, la compuerta 15, la primera entrada de aire 16 regulable, el cenicero 5, la superficie 10 y las ruedas frontales 11 a y 11 b. Figure 3 shows a perspective view removing the side wall of the chassis 4, so that the interior walls of the burner 2 can be seen. In this view, the most notable thing is that it allows us to clearly distinguish the first combustion chamber 21 and the second combustion chamber 22 has a vertical tubular shape and shows a secondary air duct 28a located between a lateral outer wall (not seen) of the chassis 4 and the wall of the burner 2 and following the path of the first combustion chamber 21, of so that air from outside can enter through a secondary opening 18a of a second air inlet until reaching orifices 23a and 23b located in the lower part of the second combustion chamber 22 and in the upper part of the first combustion chamber. combustion 21 respectively. On the other hand, it can also be seen that the burner 2 is surrounded by a thermal insulating material 29 located between said burner 2 and the outer walls of the chassis 4. Obviously, this structure can be symmetrical and include another secondary air duct and holes. on the opposite side of burner 2, although having it on only one side, the one shown in this figure or the opposite, is also totally possible and functional. Many of the elements mentioned and shown above also appear in this figure, such as the hatch 12, the flame viewers 13a and 13b, the door 14, the damper 15, the first adjustable air inlet 16, the ashtray 5, the surface 10 and the front wheels 11 a and 11 b.
La figura 4 muestra una vista en detalle de la zona de cocina 1 y los medios para regular la cantidad de gases de combustión 3 que llegan a la zona de la cocina que se ubican en un extremo superior de la segunda cámara de combustión del quemador. En esta figura se puede ver claramente que dichos medios 3 comprenden un indicador de potencia 25 en forma de placa unida al chasis 4 y una manecilla 24 que permite un agarre seguro para actuar sobre sobre los medios 3 con tal de regular el fuego. En la zona de cocina 1 se pueden observar las arandelas 26 situadas en el fogón 9 ubicados en la encimera 27. Por debajo de dicha encimera 27 y adyacente a los medios 3 se puede ver el primer conducto 6 de bypass. En un segundo plano se pueden ver también la trampilla 12, la segunda entrada 17 para carga vertical de combustible, el interior de la primera cámara 21 de combustión, el visor 13b y la superficie 10 para depositar utensilios de cocina. Figure 4 shows a detailed view of the kitchen area 1 and the means for regulating the amount of combustion gases 3 that reach the kitchen area, which are located at an upper end of the second combustion chamber of the burner. In this figure it can be clearly seen that said means 3 comprise a power indicator 25 in the form of a plate attached to the chassis 4 and a hand 24 which allows a secure grip to act on the means 3 in order to regulate the fire. In the kitchen area 1 you can see the washers 26 located on the stove 9 located on the countertop 27. Below said countertop 27 and adjacent to the media 3 you can see the first bypass duct 6. In a second plane you can also see the hatch 12, the second entrance 17 for vertical fuel loading, the interior of the first combustion chamber 21, the viewer 13b and the surface 10 for storing kitchen utensils.
La figura 5 muestra una figura muy similar a la anterior, pero se han ocultado la pared exterior lateral del chasis 4 y la placa indicadora de potencia 25 de los medios 3, de forma que se pueden ver elementos internos de la cocina 100. Esto ayuda a comprender de mejor forma sobretodo el funcionamiento de los medios 3. Como se puede ver, dichos medios 3 se ubican al final, o parte superior de la segunda cámara de combustión, por lo que les llegan los gases calientes o llama desde abajo, y es en este punto que una válvula 30 en forma de placa con capacidad de giro respecto a un eje deja pasar dichos gases en una dirección u otra dependiendo de su posición. Si la válvula 30 está en posición sustancialmente horizontal, tapa la primera salida 201 hacia la zona de cocina 1 dejando pasar o guiando la totalidad de los gases hacia la segunda salida 206 hacia el primer conducto 6 de bypass. Si por lo contrario, la válvula 30 está en una posición sustancialmente vertical, entonces tapa la segunda salida 206 hacia el primer conducto 6 de bypass dejando pasar la totalidad del flujo de gases de combustión por la primera salida 201 hacia la zona de cocina 1 , de forma que lleguen al fogón 9. Si la válvula 30 está en una posición intermedia, el flujo de los gases de combustión se ve guiado hacia ambas salidas 201 y 206 con un caudal proporcional a la abertura que deja la válvula 30 con cada salida 201 y 206. En esta figura se pueden ver también algunos otros elementos ya mencionados como la encimera 27, material aislante térmico 29 entre la segunda cámara de combustión 22 y el chasis 4, la trampilla 12, la manecilla 24 de los medios 3, la superficie 10 para depositar utensilios de cocina, la segunda entrada 17 para carga vertical de combustible e incluso una rueda trasera 11c. Figure 5 shows a figure very similar to the previous one, but the lateral outer wall of the chassis 4 and the power indicator plate 25 of the means 3 have been hidden, so that internal elements of the kitchen 100 can be seen. This helps to better understand, above all, the operation of means 3. As can be seen, said means 3 are located at the end, or upper part, of the second combustion chamber, so the hot gases or flame reach them from below, and It is at this point that a valve 30 in the form of a plate with the capacity to rotate with respect to an axis allows said gases to pass in one direction or another depending on its position. If the valve 30 is in a substantially horizontal position, it covers the first outlet 201 towards the kitchen area 1, allowing or guiding all the gases towards the second outlet 206 towards the first bypass duct 6. If, on the contrary, the valve 30 is in a substantially vertical position, then it covers the second outlet 206 towards the first bypass duct 6, allowing the entire flow of combustion gases to pass through the first outlet 201 towards the kitchen area 1, so that they reach the stove 9. If the valve 30 is in an intermediate position, the flow of the combustion gases is guided towards both outlets 201 and 206 with a flow rate proportional to the opening left by the valve 30 with each outlet 201. and 206. In this figure you can also see some other elements already mentioned such as the countertop 27, thermal insulating material 29 between the second combustion chamber 22 and the chassis 4, the hatch 12, the handle 24 of the means 3, the surface 10 to store kitchen utensils, the second entrance 17 for vertical fuel loading and even a rear wheel 11c.
La figura 6 muestra una vista en sección de alzado lateral de la cocina 100. Esta figura permite ver la configuración interna de la cocina 100, identificar los distintos elementos internos y, al mismo tiempo, ejemplificar el recorrido 121 completo de los gases producto de la combustión. Dicho recorrido 121 se origina donde se halla el combustible, por lo tanto, cerca de las entradas 17 y 19 de carga de combustible en la primera cámara de combustión 21 , ya sea la entrada de carga horizontal o la de carga vertical a las cuales se accede a través de la puerta 14 y trampilla 12 respectivamente. En esta combustión puede entrar aire fresco a través de la entrada de aire 16 regulable. Justo debajo de esta zona, separado por una rejilla 205, se encuentra el cenicero 5, al cual se da acceso por la puerta 15. En este punto, el flujo de gases de combustión se mueve de forma sustancialmente lateral a través de la primera cámara de combustión 21 hasta una zona más interior impulsado por el tiro que da la chimenea y la diferencia de presiones dentro y fuera del quemador. De esta forma el flujo de los gases de combustión llega hasta la unión entre la primera cámara de combustión 21 y la segunda cámara de combustión 22, donde hay un estrechamiento 20 a través del cual pasan los gases de combustión. Esto provoca un efecto Venturi, amplificando aún más dicha diferencia de presiones, lo que provoca a su vez una succión de aire a través de los orificios 23a situados en la zona inferior o inicial de la segunda cámara de combustión 22. Esta succión de aire absorbe aire del exterior a través de la abertura secundaria 18a, dicho aire del exterior pasa a través del conducto secundario 28a de aire. Al pasar por el conducto secundario 28a entra en contacto con la pared lateral de la primera cámara de combustión 21 y se precalienta antes de entrar en la segunda cámara de combustión 22 a través de los orificios 23a y en la primera cámara de combustión 21 a través de los orificios 23b. La configuración de los orificios 23a y 23b quedando uno en cada lado y de forma adyacente al estrechamiento 20 y estando a su vez conectados al mismo conducto secundario 28a, hace que la succión a través de los orificios 23a conseguido por el efecto Venturi haga llegar también una cantidad del aire del exterior que pasa a través del conducto secundario 28a a la primera cámara de combustión 21 antes del estrechamiento. De esta forma, dicha cantidad de aire precalentado y oxigenado se mezcla con los gases de combustión antes de llegar a la segunda cámara de combustión 22. Por otro lado, otra cantidad del aire precalentado y oxigenado llega directamente a la segunda cámara de combustión 22. Con esto, la cantidad total de este aire precalentado entra en la reacción de combustión y oxigena dicha combustión que ya estaba empobrecida de oxígeno, consiguiendo así hacer reacción con partículas de combustible restantes (como por ejemplo humo) y logrando llegar a temperaturas más elevadas todavía. El flujo de gases de combustión sigue subiendo hasta llegar a la válvula 30 de los medios 3. Dependiendo de su posición, dicha válvula 30 da paso a los gases o llama hacia la primera salida 201 , hacia la zona de cocina 1 y/o a la segunda salida 206 hacia el primer conducto 6 de bypass. Si una de las dos salidas 201 o 206 está tapada por la válvula 30, la totalidad del flujo sale por la otra salida, si la válvula 30 está en una posición intermedia, como se ve en la figura, el flujo se divide entre ambas salidas 201 y 206 de forma proporcional a las aberturas que deje la válvula 30 con cada salida. El flujo de aire que sale por el primer conducto 6 de bypass sigue el recorrido de dicho primer conducto 6 y llega al encaje 81 , el cual lo guía hacia la chimenea 8 para salida de humos. Dichos gases de combustión no contribuirán a la cocción de ningún alimento, de forma que la potencia térmica en la zona de cocina 1 se controla mediante los medios 3 haciendo que la válvula 30 desvíe parte de la energía térmica de la combustión reduciendo el flujo de los gases que llegan a esta zona. Aun así, la energía térmica contenida en esta cantidad de gases desviados hacia el primer conducto 6 de bypass, se aprovecha una vez llega a la chimenea 8 de salida de humos al entrar en contacto con el intercambiador de calor 83 que está situado en el interior de la chimenea 8. Por otro lado, el flujo de gases que llega a la zona de cocina 1 , bien sale directamente por el orificio que conforman el fogón 9 y/o las posibles arandelas 26 que están situadas en él, consiguiendo así calentar cualquier utensilio que esté ubicado encima del fogón 9 o bien es tapado por las arandelas, calentando dichas arandelas 26, que a su vez transmiten el calor al utensilio depositado encima de dichas arandelas 26 al estar en contacto directo. Así pues, esta transferencia de calor puede ser de forma directa por convección, el flujo de gases pasa por el orificio y entra en contacto con el utensilio, o indirecta, el flujo de gases se topa con las arandelas 26, que tapan por completo el orificio del fogón 9, calentando por convección dichas arandelas 26 y dichas arandelas transfieren el calor por conducción al utensilio situado encima suyo. En cualquier de ambos casos, hay una cantidad de gases de combustión residuales que quedarían atrapados debajo del fogón, por lo que se habilita un tercer conducto 40 para recoger gases residuales que pasa por debajo de la encimera 27 y está configurado en paralelo con el primer conducto 6 de bypass. Dicho tercer conducto 40 para recoger gases residuales desemboca en la parte final del primer conducto 6, que a su vez guiará el flujo de gases residuales hacia la chimenea 8, consiguiendo de esta forma que se reaproveche el calor residual en los gases con el intercambiador de calor 83. Finalmente el flujo que proviene del primer conducto 6 y el tercer conducto 40, sigue su recorrido hacia arriba a causa de la diferencia de presión y sale por la parte superior de la chimenea 8. En esta figura también se pueden ver elementos como el aislante térmico 29 entre las paredes del quemador 2 y el chasis 4, la superficie 10 para depositar utensilios de cocina, la trampilla 12 y las ruedas 11 b y 11c. Figure 6 shows a side elevation sectional view of the kitchen 100. This figure allows us to see the internal configuration of the kitchen 100, identify the different internal elements and, at the same time, exemplify the complete path 121 of the gases product of the combustion. Said route 121 originates where the fuel, therefore, near the fuel loading inlets 17 and 19 in the first combustion chamber 21, either the horizontal loading inlet or the vertical loading inlet, which are accessed through the door 14 and hatch. 12 respectively. In this combustion, fresh air can enter through the adjustable air inlet 16. Just below this area, separated by a grille 205, is the ashtray 5, to which access is given through the door 15. At this point, the flow of combustion gases moves substantially laterally through the first chamber. combustion chamber 21 to a more interior area driven by the draft produced by the chimney and the difference in pressures inside and outside the burner. In this way, the flow of combustion gases reaches the junction between the first combustion chamber 21 and the second combustion chamber 22, where there is a narrowing 20 through which the combustion gases pass. This causes a Venturi effect, further amplifying said pressure difference, which in turn causes air suction through the orifices 23a located in the lower or initial area of the second combustion chamber 22. This air suction absorbs outside air through the secondary opening 18a, said outside air passes through the secondary air duct 28a. Passing through the secondary duct 28a, it comes into contact with the side wall of the first combustion chamber 21 and is preheated before entering the second combustion chamber 22 through the holes 23a and into the first combustion chamber 21 through of the holes 23b. The configuration of the holes 23a and 23b, one on each side and adjacent to the narrowing 20 and being in turn connected to the same secondary duct 28a, means that the suction through the holes 23a achieved by the Venturi effect also reaches an amount of outside air passing through the secondary duct 28a to the first combustion chamber 21 before tapering. In this way, said amount of preheated and oxygenated air is mixed with the combustion gases before reaching the second combustion chamber 22. On the other hand, another amount of the preheated and oxygenated air arrives directly to the second combustion chamber 22. With this, the total amount of this preheated air enters the combustion reaction and oxygenates said combustion that was already depleted of oxygen, thus managing to react with remaining fuel particles (such as smoke) and reaching even higher temperatures. . The flow of combustion gases continues to rise until it reaches the valve 30 of the means 3. Depending on its position, said valve 30 gives way to the gases or flame towards the first outlet 201, towards the combustion zone. kitchen 1 and/or to the second outlet 206 towards the first bypass duct 6. If one of the two outlets 201 or 206 is covered by valve 30, the entire flow comes out through the other outlet, if valve 30 is in an intermediate position, as seen in the figure, the flow is divided between both outlets. 201 and 206 in proportion to the openings left by the valve 30 with each outlet. The air flow that comes out through the first bypass duct 6 follows the path of said first duct 6 and reaches the socket 81, which guides it towards the chimney 8 for smoke outlet. Said combustion gases will not contribute to the cooking of any food, so that the thermal power in the kitchen area 1 is controlled by the means 3 causing the valve 30 to divert part of the thermal energy of the combustion, reducing the flow of the gases that reach this area. Even so, the thermal energy contained in this quantity of gases diverted towards the first bypass duct 6 is used once it reaches the smoke outlet chimney 8 when it comes into contact with the heat exchanger 83 which is located inside. of the chimney 8. On the other hand, the flow of gases that reaches the kitchen area 1 either comes out directly through the hole made up of the stove 9 and/or the possible washers 26 that are located in it, thus managing to heat any utensil that is located above the stove 9 or is covered by the washers, heating said washers 26, which in turn transmit the heat to the utensil placed on top of said washers 26 when being in direct contact. Thus, this heat transfer can be direct by convection, the flow of gases passes through the hole and comes into contact with the utensil, or indirect, the flow of gases encounters the washers 26, which completely cover the utensil. hole of the stove 9, heating said washers 26 by convection and said washers transfer the heat by conduction to the utensil located above them. In either case, there is a quantity of residual combustion gases that would be trapped under the stove, so a third duct 40 is enabled to collect residual gases that passes under the countertop 27 and is configured in parallel with the first. bypass conduit 6. Said third duct 40 to collect residual gases flows into the final part of the first duct 6, which in turn will guide the flow of residual gases towards the chimney 8, thus achieving that the residual heat in the gases is reused with the heat exchanger. heat 83. Finally, the flow that comes from the first duct 6 and the third duct 40, continues its journey upwards due to the pressure difference and exits through the upper part of the chimney 8. In this figure you can also see elements such as the thermal insulator 29 between the walls of burner 2 and the chassis 4, the surface 10 for storing kitchen utensils, the hatch 12 and the wheels 11 by 11c.
La figura 7 muestra una vista en sección de alzado frontal que permite ver, desde otro ángulo, la zona final o superior de la segunda cámara de combustión 22, donde actúan los medios 3 a través de la válvula 30 y los elementos de la zona de cocina 1 . Este ángulo ayuda a ver mejor el interior de la zona de cocina 1 y el tercer conducto 40 debajo la encimera 27. Por otro lado, al estar la válvula 30 en una posición intermedia, dejaría paso hacia la primera salida 201 , situada por encima de la válvula 30, y hacia la segunda salida 206, la cual se puede ver situada detrás de la válvula 30. En esta figura se puede observar también el chasis 4, la manecilla 24 de los medios 3, las arandelas 26, el fogón 9 la chimenea 8 e incluso un saliente 85 del intercambiador de calor 83 (no mostrado) para acoplar el acumulador de calor (no mostrado). Figure 7 shows a front elevation section view that allows seeing, from another angle, the final or upper area of the second combustion chamber 22, where the means 3 act through the valve 30 and the elements of the combustion area. kitchen 1. This angle helps to better see the interior of the kitchen area 1 and the third duct 40 under the countertop 27. On the other hand, since the valve 30 is in an intermediate position, it would make way for the first outlet 201, located above the valve 30, and towards the second outlet 206, which can be seen located behind the valve 30. In this figure you can also see the chassis 4, the handle 24 of the means 3, the washers 26, the stove 9, the chimney 8 and even a projection 85 of the heat exchanger 83 (not shown) for coupling the heat accumulator (not shown).
La figura 8 muestra la cocina 100 en una configuración donde se ha instalado una tolva 300 para la carga de combustible de forma vertical. En esta configuración, la trampilla 12 se ha abierto por completo, de forma que se acopla la tolva 300 a la segunda entrada 17 para carga vertical de combustible. Esta configuración permite, si se desea, poder cargar el combustible de forma horizontal de forma independiente, a través de la puerta 14 y la primera entrada 19, observar el fuego a través de los visores 13a, 13b y 13c y vaciar el cenicero 5 a través de la compuerta 15. En la figura también se puede ver el chasis 4, la rejilla 205, los medios 3 con su manecilla 24 e indicador 25, la superficie 10 y las ruedas frontales 11 a y 11 b. Figure 8 shows the kitchen 100 in a configuration where a hopper 300 has been installed for loading fuel vertically. In this configuration, the hatch 12 has been completely opened, so that the hopper 300 is coupled to the second inlet 17 for vertical fuel loading. This configuration allows, if desired, to be able to load the fuel horizontally independently, through the door 14 and the first entrance 19, observe the fire through the viewers 13a, 13b and 13c and empty the ashtray 5 a through the gate 15. In the figure you can also see the chassis 4, the grille 205, the means 3 with its handle 24 and indicator 25, the surface 10 and the front wheels 11 a and 11 b.
La figura 9 muestra una vista detalle de la tolva 300 acoplable a la cocina 100. Dicha tolva 300 comprende un depósito 31 de sección cuadrada donde se almacena el combustible, por ejemplo, pellet o hueso de oliva, una tapa 32, un embudo 33 que finaliza en un paso 34 que conecta con la primera cámara de combustión, una maneta reguladora 35 que regula mediante roscado el posicionamiento de una placa (no mostrada) a modo de guillotina horizontal lo que permite, o no, el paso de combustible hacia la cámara de combustión. La tolva 300 comprende también una plataforma 37 que se encaja y sella la segunda entrada 17, un tubo 38 de sección cuadrada con aberturas 313a, 313b y 313c para ver el fuego y unas barras 39 para recoger el combustible en forma de píldoras al caer por el paso 34. Las aberturas 313a, 313b y 313c pueden taparse con vidrio cerámico, de forma que permitan ver el fuego a través de los visores 13a, 13b y 13c pero no permitan el paso o reflujo de aire. La abertura 313a puede incluso no estar presente, de forma que no se pueda ver el fuego a través del visor 13a y sólo sea posible a través de los visores 13b y 13c al estar acoplada la tolva 300. Figure 9 shows a detailed view of the hopper 300 attachable to the kitchen 100. Said hopper 300 comprises a tank 31 with a square section where the fuel is stored, for example, pellets or olive pits, a lid 32, a funnel 33 that It ends in a passage 34 that connects with the first combustion chamber, a regulating handle 35 that regulates by threading the positioning of a plate (not shown) as a horizontal guillotine, which allows, or not, the passage of fuel towards the chamber. combustion. The hopper 300 also comprises a platform 37 that fits and seals the second entrance 17, a tube 38 of square section with openings 313a, 313b and 313c to see the fire and bars 39 to collect the fuel in the form of pills when it falls through. step 34. The openings 313a, 313b and 313c can be covered with ceramic glass, so that they allow the fire to be seen through the viewers 13a, 13b and 13c but do not allow the passage or reflux of air. The opening 313a may not even be present, so that the fire cannot be seen through the viewer 13a and is only possible through the viewers 13b and 13c when the hopper 300 is attached.
La figura 10 muestra una vista detalle de la chimenea 8 de salida de humos con el intercambiador de calor 83 en forma de serpentín instalado en su interior, con unos salientes 84 y 85 para acoplar el acumulador de calor (no mostrado) y dar entrada y salida a un flujo encargado de recoger dicho calor para ser acumulador en forma de energía térmica. Figure 10 shows a detailed view of the smoke outlet chimney 8 with the coil-shaped heat exchanger 83 installed inside, with projections 84 and 85 to couple the heat accumulator (not shown) and provide entry and output to a flow responsible for collecting said heat to be stored in the form of thermal energy.
Si bien la invención se ha presentado y descrito con referencia a realizaciones de la misma, se comprenderá que éstas no son limitativas de la invención, por lo que podrían ser variables múltiples detalles constructivos u otros que podrán resultar evidentes para los técnicos del sector después de interpretar la materia que se da a conocer en la presente descripción, reivindicaciones y dibujos. En particular, en principio, todas las características de cada una de las diferentes realizaciones y alternativas mostradas y/o sugeridas son combinables entre sí. Así pues, todas las vahantes y equivalentes quedarán incluidos dentro del alcance de la presente invención si se pueden considerar comprendidas dentro del ámbito más extenso de las siguientes reivindicaciones. Although the invention has been presented and described with reference to embodiments thereof, it will be understood that these are not limitations of the invention, so multiple construction details or others could be variables that may be evident to technicians in the sector after interpret the matter disclosed in this description, claims and drawings. In particular, in principle, all the characteristics of each of the different embodiments and alternatives shown and/or suggested are combinable with each other. Thus, all variants and equivalents will be included within the scope of the present invention if they can be considered within the broader scope of the following claims.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1 . Cocina multiusos portable que comprende un quemador con una primera cámara de combustión, un cenicero para recoger cenizas situado debajo de dicha primera cámara de combustión, una zona de cocina situada por encima del quemador, una chimenea para salida de gases de combustión producidos en el quemador, dicha zona de cocina comprendiendo una encimera que, a su vez, comprende al menos un fogón que es calentado por gases de combustión procedentes del quemador, comprendiendo dicha primera cámara de combustión una primera entrada de aire, una primera abertura para carga horizontal de combustible y una segunda abertura para carga vertical de combustible, dicha cocina comprendiendo un chasis que recubre el quemador y da soporte a los elementos de la cocina, dicha cocina caracterizada por que el quemador comprende una segunda cámara de combustión con forma tubular vertical estando situada la segunda cámara de combustión entre la primera cámara de combustión y la zona de cocina, dicha segunda cámara de combustión comprendiendo al menos una segunda entrada de aire, una primera salida de gases de combustión que conduce a la zona de cocina y una segunda salida de gases de combustión que conduce a un primer conducto de bypass que une un extremo superior de la segunda cámara de combustión con la chimenea sin pasar por el fogón y por que la cocina comprende medios para regular la cantidad de gases de combustión que llegan a la zona de la cocina. 1 . Portable multipurpose kitchen that comprises a burner with a first combustion chamber, an ashtray to collect ashes located below said first combustion chamber, a cooking area located above the burner, a chimney for the outlet of combustion gases produced in the burner , said kitchen area comprising a countertop which, in turn, comprises at least one stove that is heated by combustion gases from the burner, said first combustion chamber comprising a first air inlet, a first opening for horizontal loading of fuel and a second opening for vertical loading of fuel, said kitchen comprising a chassis that covers the burner and supports the elements of the kitchen, said kitchen characterized in that the burner comprises a second combustion chamber with a vertical tubular shape, the second being located combustion chamber between the first combustion chamber and the cooking area, said second combustion chamber comprising at least a second air inlet, a first combustion gas outlet leading to the cooking area and a second combustion gas outlet. combustion that leads to a first bypass duct that connects an upper end of the second combustion chamber with the chimney without passing through the stove and because the kitchen includes means to regulate the amount of combustion gases that reach the area of the combustion chamber. kitchen.
2. Cocina según la reivindicación anterior, caracterizada por que los medios para regular la cantidad de gases de combustión que llegan a la zona de la cocina comprenden una válvula en forma de placa que gira de forma gradual respecto a un eje entre una posición de ángulo máximo que tapa la salida del primer conducto de bypass y una posición de ángulo mínimo que tapa la salida a la zona de la cocina de forma que dirige los gases procedentes de la segunda cámara de combustión hacia la zona de cocina o el conducto de bypass según su posición. 2. Kitchen according to the previous claim, characterized in that the means for regulating the amount of combustion gases that reach the kitchen area comprise a valve in the form of a plate that rotates gradually with respect to an axis between an angle position maximum that covers the outlet of the first bypass duct and a position of minimum angle that covers the outlet to the kitchen area so that it directs the gases from the second combustion chamber towards the kitchen area or the bypass duct depending on assumption.
3. Cocina según la reivindicación anterior, caracterizada por que la placa tiene una serie de posiciones de fijación a lo largo del recorrido de un giro. 3. Kitchen according to the previous claim, characterized in that the plate has a series of fixing positions along the path of a turn.
4. Cocina según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizada por que comprende una puerta practicable para cerrar la primera abertura para carga horizontal de combustible y una trampilla practicable para cerrar la segunda abertura para carga vertical de combustible, siendo la primera entrada de aire regulable y estando situada dicha primera entrada de aire en la puerta practicable para cerrar la primera abertura para carga horizontal de combustible. 4. Kitchen according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a practicable door to close the first loading opening. horizontal fuel loading and a practicable hatch to close the second opening for vertical fuel loading, the first air inlet being adjustable and said first air inlet being located in the practicable door to close the first opening for horizontal fuel loading.
5. Cocina según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizada por que comprende una tolva acoplada a la segunda abertura para carga de combustible vertical. 5. Kitchen according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a hopper coupled to the second opening for vertical fuel loading.
6. Cocina según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizada por que comprende un aislante térmico situado entre el quemador y al menos una pared exterior del chasis. 6. Kitchen according to any of the previous claims, characterized in that it comprises a thermal insulator located between the burner and at least one exterior wall of the chassis.
7. Cocina según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizada por que el quemador comprende un estrechamiento para el paso de los gases entre la primera cámara de combustión y la segunda cámara de combustión. 7. Cooker according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the burner comprises a narrowing for the passage of gases between the first combustion chamber and the second combustion chamber.
8. Cocina según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizada por que dicha al menos una segunda entrada de aire comprende un conducto secundario entre una pared exterior del chasis y la primera cámara de combustión que recorre de forma adyacente a lo largo de dicha primera cámara de combustión y que conecta desde una abertura secundaria en la pared exterior del chasis por la que entra el aire del exterior con al menos un orificio en la segunda cámara de combustión por el que dicho aire es introducido a la segunda cámara de combustión. 8. Kitchen according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that said at least one second air inlet comprises a secondary duct between an outer wall of the chassis and the first combustion chamber that runs adjacently along said first combustion chamber. combustion and that connects from a secondary opening in the outer wall of the chassis through which outside air enters with at least one hole in the second combustion chamber through which said air is introduced into the second combustion chamber.
9. Cocina según las reivindicaciones 7 y 8, caracterizada por que comprende al menos un orificio en la primera cámara de combustión situado de forma adyacente al estrechamiento, el citado al menos un orificio en la segunda cámara de combustión está situado en la periferia del extremo inferior de dicha segunda cámara de combustión de forma adyacente al estrechamiento, quedando dichos al menos un orificio en la primera cámara de combustión y al menos un orificio en la segunda cámara de combustión uno a cada lado del estrechamiento y el conducto secundario conectando la abertura secundaria con dichos al menos un orificio en la primera cámara de combustión y al menos un orificio en la segunda cámara de combustión.. 9. Kitchen according to claims 7 and 8, characterized in that it comprises at least one hole in the first combustion chamber located adjacent to the narrowing, said at least one hole in the second combustion chamber being located on the periphery of the end bottom of said second combustion chamber adjacent to the narrowing, said at least one hole in the first combustion chamber and at least one hole in the second combustion chamber, one on each side of the narrowing and the secondary duct connecting the secondary opening with said at least one hole in the first combustion chamber and at least one hole in the second combustion chamber.
10. Cocina según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizada por que dicho al menos un fogón comprende un conjunto de al menos dos arandelas extraíbles circulares concéntricas de distintos tamaños, con diámetros interiores y exteriores conjugados, de forma que quedan encajadas una dentro de otra, siendo una arandela central de menor tamaño en forma de disco íntegramente sólido y teniendo una arandela de mayor tamaño un diámetro exterior superior mayor al diámetro del fogón y un diámetro exterior inferior igual al diámetro del fogón. 10. Kitchen according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that said at least one stove comprises a set of at least two removable concentric circular washers of different sizes, with conjugated interior and exterior diameters, so that they are nested one inside the other, a smaller central washer being in the shape of an entirely solid disc and a larger washer having a larger outer diameter greater than the diameter of the stove and a lower outer diameter equal to the diameter of the stove.
11 . Cocina según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizada por que comprende un tercer conducto para recoger gases residuales del fogón situado debajo de la encimera y configurado en paralelo al primer conducto de bypass y que desemboca en dicho primer conducto de bypass en un extremo adyacente a la chimenea. eleven . Kitchen according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a third duct for collecting residual gases from the stove located under the countertop and configured in parallel to the first bypass duct and which opens into said first bypass duct at an end adjacent to the chimney.
12. Cocina según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizada por que comprende un intercambiador de calor en forma de serpentín ubicado en el interior de la chimenea para salida de humos para recoger calor residual de los gases que pasan por la chimenea y comprende, de forma adjunta, un acumulador de calor conectado a dicho intercambiador de calor para almacenar el citado calor residual de los gases. 12. Kitchen according to any of the previous claims, characterized in that it comprises a heat exchanger in the form of a coil located inside the chimney for smoke outlet to collect residual heat from the gases that pass through the chimney and comprises, Attached is a heat accumulator connected to said heat exchanger to store said residual heat of the gases.
13. Cocina según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizada por que comprende un horno acoplable que comprende aislante térmico en todas sus superficies excepto en una base acoplable al fogón que radia hacia el interior de dicho horno la energía térmica que recibe por convección de los gases de combustión procedentes del quemador. 13. Kitchen according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises an attachable oven that includes thermal insulation on all its surfaces except for a base attachable to the stove that radiates the thermal energy it receives through convection of the gases into said oven. combustion coming from the burner.
14. Cocina según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizada por que comprende ruedas para facilitar su portabilidad . 14. Kitchen according to any of the previous claims, characterized in that it comprises wheels to facilitate its portability.
15. Cocina según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizada por que comprende un asa para poder empujar o tirar de la cocina. 15. Kitchen according to any of the previous claims, characterized in that it comprises a handle to be able to push or pull the kitchen.
PCT/ES2023/070521 2022-08-25 2023-08-21 Portable multipurpose kitchen WO2024042258A1 (en)

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ESU202231404 2022-08-25

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4359040A (en) * 1980-07-01 1982-11-16 Martenson Donald S Free standing stove
US4404954A (en) * 1981-01-27 1983-09-20 Steel James S Fireplace furnace
GB2172989A (en) * 1985-03-08 1986-10-01 Glynwed Consumer & Building Wood burning stove
US5014680A (en) * 1989-03-15 1991-05-14 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Self-powered automatic secondary air controllers for woodstoves and small furnaces

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4359040A (en) * 1980-07-01 1982-11-16 Martenson Donald S Free standing stove
US4404954A (en) * 1981-01-27 1983-09-20 Steel James S Fireplace furnace
GB2172989A (en) * 1985-03-08 1986-10-01 Glynwed Consumer & Building Wood burning stove
US5014680A (en) * 1989-03-15 1991-05-14 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Self-powered automatic secondary air controllers for woodstoves and small furnaces

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ES1295615Y (en) 2023-02-17

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