WO2024041453A1 - 通信方法和相关装置 - Google Patents

通信方法和相关装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024041453A1
WO2024041453A1 PCT/CN2023/113717 CN2023113717W WO2024041453A1 WO 2024041453 A1 WO2024041453 A1 WO 2024041453A1 CN 2023113717 W CN2023113717 W CN 2023113717W WO 2024041453 A1 WO2024041453 A1 WO 2024041453A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
signal
receiving device
frequency
synchronization
superframe
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PCT/CN2023/113717
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
罗之虎
吴毅凌
金哲
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华为技术有限公司
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Publication of WO2024041453A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024041453A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/005—Control of transmission; Equalising
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of communication, and in particular to communication methods and related devices.
  • IoT Internet of things
  • IoT is still mainly driven by operators, and IoT modules need to use standard cellular protocols to communicate with base stations. Since the base station needs to cover as large an area as possible, the IoT module needs to be able to communicate even when it is far away from the base station. This means that IoT devices still need to consume up to 30mA of current during wireless communication, so the current IoT module A higher-capacity battery is still required to work, which also makes it difficult to reduce the size of the IoT module and increases the cost of the IoT device.
  • some low-power terminals play an important role in IoT applications such as medical care, smart homes, industrial sensors, and wearable devices.
  • IoT applications such as medical care, smart homes, industrial sensors, and wearable devices.
  • the radio transceiver is one of the most power-consuming components. Therefore, it is necessary to study how to reduce the power consumption of the radio transceiver on the terminal.
  • the embodiments of the present application disclose a communication method and related devices, which can reduce the power consumption of the terminal.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a communication method, which method includes: generating a first signal, the first signal being used to implement at least one of the following functions: cell search, time synchronization, frequency synchronization, time tracking, frequency Tracking, measuring (eg channel measurement); sending the first signal.
  • the first signal supports reception through envelope detection.
  • each signal in the first signal adopts a modulation method that supports envelope detection.
  • the first signal can be regarded as a signal specially designed for a low-power receiver to implement at least one function of cell search, time synchronization, frequency synchronization, time tracking, frequency tracking, and measurement.
  • the low-power receiver can use an envelope detector to complete the down-conversion operation and obtain the baseband signal.
  • the low-power receiver does not use a voltage-controlled oscillator that can provide an accurate local oscillator signal.
  • the first signal may be called a Beacon signal, or a synchronization signal, or a synchronized broadcast signal, or a reference signal, etc., which is not limited in this application.
  • the first signal is sent so that the receiving device receives the first signal and uses the first signal to implement at least one of the functions of cell search, time synchronization, frequency synchronization, time tracking, frequency tracking, and measurement. , can reduce power consumption.
  • the first signal supports reception in a non-coherent manner, or the first signal supports frequency conversion from radio frequency or intermediate frequency to baseband in a non-coherent manner.
  • a non-coherent approach could be envelope detection.
  • the first signal supports reception in a non-coherent manner, or the first signal supports frequency conversion from radio frequency or intermediate frequency to baseband in a non-coherent manner; so that the receiving device uses a low-power receiver to successfully receive the first signal. signal, which can reduce power consumption.
  • the modulation method of the first signal is on-off keying (OOK), amplitude shift keying (ASK), or frequency-shift keying (ASK).
  • OOK on-off keying
  • ASK amplitude shift keying
  • ASK frequency-shift keying
  • keying FSK
  • Amplitude keying is also called amplitude shift keying.
  • the modulation mode of the first signal is any one of OOK, ASK, and FSK, so that the receiving device can successfully receive the first signal using a low-power receiver and reduce power consumption.
  • the first signal includes a second signal and/or a third signal
  • the second signal is a preamble signal or a primary synchronization signal
  • the third signal is a secondary synchronization signal (secondary synchronization signal).
  • signal, SSS SSS
  • physical broadcast channel physical broadcast channel, PBCH
  • the first signal includes a second signal and/or a third signal to implement any one of the functions of cell search, time synchronization, frequency synchronization, time tracking, frequency tracking, and measurement.
  • the first signal includes the second signal and the third signal
  • the second signal is generated by a base sequence through repetition or spread spectrum
  • the third signal The starting time domain position is determined based on the end position of the maximum time domain length supported by the second signal.
  • the starting time domain position of the third signal is determined based on the end position of the maximum time domain length supported by the second signal, which can avoid inconsistent understanding of the time domain end position of the second signal between the sending device and the receiving device. problem in order to receive the third signal correctly.
  • the third signal is used to indicate the number of repetitions of the second signal, the coverage level corresponding to the second signal, the spreading factor corresponding to the second signal, the third signal At least one of the time domain lengths of the two signals.
  • the first signal includes a second signal and a third signal
  • the second signal is used to achieve time synchronization or frequency synchronization
  • the third signal carries at least one of the following: identification information , period information, the first frame number, the first superframe number, the first period index, the second period index, the identification information is the cell identification or the identification of the sending device, and the period information is the time when the sending device sends the first signal.
  • the first frame number is the frame number of one of the multiple frames occupied by the first signal
  • the first superframe number is the superframe number of the superframe where the first signal is located
  • the first A period index is the index of the period of the first signal within a superframe
  • the second period index is the index of the paging cycle where the first signal is located within a superframe or paging time window.
  • the third signal carries at least one of the following: identification information, period information, first frame number, first superframe number, first period index, and second period index; so that the receiving device can obtain the corresponding parameters.
  • the second signal carries no information.
  • the second signal can be considered as the first step in establishing communication between the receiving device and the sending device.
  • the time and frequency of the receiving device and the sending device are not synchronized, and the receiving device needs to perform relevant operations within a larger time and frequency range. , to correctly detect the second signal.
  • the second signal may not carry information. After the receiving device uses the second signal to obtain time and/or frequency synchronization, it no longer needs to perform correlation operations within a larger time and frequency range.
  • the second signal does not carry information. After using the second signal to obtain time and/or frequency synchronization, it is no longer necessary to perform relevant operations within a larger time and frequency range. At this time, there is no problem of detection complexity. .
  • the third signal includes first indication information, and the first indication information is used to indicate that the first signal includes or does not include the downlink data.
  • the first indication information is used to indicate whether downlink data is included after the end position of the third signal.
  • the downlink data includes second indication information, and the second indication information is used to indicate that the first signal includes or does not include the third signal.
  • the receiving device can be enabled to accurately distinguish whether there is overlap in the time domain between the first signal and the downlink data. In other words, the receiving device is allowed to accurately distinguish whether the first signal includes downlink data.
  • the first signal includes a second signal, a third signal and downlink data
  • the second signal is a preamble signal or a main synchronization signal
  • the third signal is a secondary synchronization signal SSS or PBCH
  • the third signal serves as the preamble signal of the downlink data.
  • the third signal serving as the preamble signal of the downlink data may be replaced by: the preamble signal of the downlink data serving as the main synchronization signal.
  • the first signal and the downlink data overlap in the time domain, the first signal and the downlink data may be multiplexed together.
  • the third signal serves as a preamble signal for downlink data, which can save the overhead of the preamble signal.
  • the third signal serves as a preamble signal for downlink data, which can save the overhead of the second signal.
  • the third signal serves as the preamble signal of downlink data, which can save the overhead of the preamble signal.
  • the third signal is in a sequence form, such as SSS, and the sequence of the third signal is used to indicate that the first signal includes or does not include the third signal. It can be understood that the third signal indicates whether the first signal has downlink data through different sequences.
  • the sequence of the third signal is used to indicate whether the first signal includes or does not include the third signal, which allows the receiving device to accurately distinguish whether there is overlap between the first signal and the downlink data in the time domain.
  • the third signal is in a coded and modulated data form, and a different status value of a field in the third signal indicates whether the first signal has downlink data. That is to say, when the third signal is in the form of coded and modulated data, such as PBCH, different status values in a field can be used to indicate whether there is downlink data.
  • a different status value of a field in the third signal indicates whether the first signal has downlink data, which can make the connection
  • the receiving device accurately distinguishes whether there is overlap in the time domain between the first signal and the downlink data.
  • the bandwidth of the guard band of the first signal is greater than or equal to the bandwidth of the guard band of the downlink data.
  • a low-power receiver adopts an indefinite IF structure
  • the frequency deviation of the ring oscillator that provides the local oscillator signal will be large.
  • larger guard bands need to be reserved on both sides of the first signal.
  • the frequency offset of the ring oscillator is improved. At this time, a smaller guard band can be used for the downlink data to improve to spectrum resource utilization.
  • the sending of the first signal includes: sending a plurality of the first signals on multiple frequency units or multiple time domain units, and any of the multiple first signals Two correspond to different coverage levels, repetition levels or spreading factors.
  • the multiple first signals are used by the receiving device to determine the measurement quantity.
  • the measurement quantity is the lowest coverage level of the first signal when the preset conditions are met. , the minimum number of repetitions or the minimum spreading factor.
  • the first signal refers generally.
  • the multiple first signals meet the signal characteristics in any claim, but are not the same signal.
  • the modulation modes of the plurality of first signals are all OOK or FSK, and any two of the plurality of first signals correspond to different coverage levels, repetition levels, or spreading factors.
  • multiple first signals are sent on multiple frequency units or multiple time domain units, so that the receiving device determines the measurement quantity based on the multiple first signals.
  • the sending of the first signal includes: sending the first signal according to the highest coverage level, the maximum number of repetitions or the maximum spreading factor; the first signal is used by the receiving device to determine Measurement quantity, the measurement quantity is the lowest coverage level, the minimum number of repetitions or the minimum spreading factor of the first signal when the preset conditions are met.
  • the first signal is sent according to the highest coverage level, the maximum number of repetitions, or the maximum spreading factor, so that the receiving device determines the measurement quantity based on the first signal.
  • the preset condition is that the receiving device correctly detects the first signal
  • the preset condition is that the receiving device correctly detects the first signal under a preset configuration assumption.
  • a signal, or the preset condition is that the first indicator is less than or equal to a threshold under a preset configuration assumption, and the first indicator is at least one of the following: the block error rate of the first signal, the first signal The packet error rate, the missed detection rate of the first signal, the false detection rate of the first signal, and the false alarm rate of the first signal.
  • the measurement quantity can be accurately determined based on the first signal through the preset conditions.
  • the method before generating the first signal, the method further includes: determining the format of the second signal according to its own load situation or resource occupation situation.
  • the second signal may adopt different formats, and second signals in different formats respectively correspond to different channel conditions.
  • the second signals in different formats respectively correspond to different coverage levels.
  • the second signals in different formats respectively correspond to different repetition levels.
  • the second signals in different formats may be sequences of different lengths.
  • the second signals in different formats may be the same sequence with different repetition times.
  • the second signals in different formats have different spreading factors under the same sequence.
  • the format of the second signal to be sent is determined according to its own load situation or resource occupancy situation, so as to meet the needs of different communication scenarios.
  • the method further includes: receiving first capability information from the receiving device; the first capability information may include at least one of the following: whether to support energy harvesting and whether to support a low-power receiver , whether to support backscatter communication; communicating with the receiving device according to the first capability information.
  • communication is performed based on the first capability information from the receiving device, which can improve communication quality.
  • the method further includes: receiving first capability information from the receiving device, the first capability information indicating that the receiving device supports a low-power receiver; and generating the first signal includes: according to The first capability information generates the first signal.
  • the first signal is generated according to the first capability information; power consumption can be reduced.
  • embodiments of the present application provide another communication method, which method includes: receiving a first signal; using the first signal to implement at least one of the following functions: cell search, time synchronization, frequency synchronization, time tracking, frequency tracking, measurements (e.g. channel measurements).
  • the first signal is received through envelope detection.
  • the execution subject of the communication method of the second aspect is the receiving device.
  • the communication method of the second aspect is executed by a sending device that has a traditional receiver and a low-power receiver, but currently only the low-power receiver is on and the traditional receiver is off.
  • the execution subject of the communication method of the second aspect is a receiving device that only has a low-power receiver. It should be understood that the receiving device can implement the communication method of the second aspect through a low-power receiver in order to reduce power consumption.
  • the first signal is received and the first signal is used to implement at least one of the functions of cell search, time synchronization, frequency synchronization, time tracking, frequency tracking, and measurement, thereby reducing power consumption.
  • the first signal supports reception in a non-coherent manner, or the first signal supports reception in a non-coherent manner.
  • Coherent methods convert from RF or IF to baseband.
  • a non-coherent approach could be envelope detection.
  • Receiving the first signal may include: receiving the first signal in a non-coherent manner, or converting the first signal from radio frequency or intermediate frequency to baseband in a non-coherent manner. In other words, a low-power receiver is used to receive the first signal.
  • the first signal supports reception in a non-coherent manner, or the first signal supports frequency conversion from radio frequency or intermediate frequency to baseband in a non-coherent manner; so that the receiving device uses a low-power receiver to successfully receive the first signal. signal, which can reduce power consumption.
  • the modulation method of the first signal is on-off keying (OOK), amplitude shift keying (ASK), or frequency-shift keying (ASK).
  • OOK on-off keying
  • ASK amplitude shift keying
  • ASK frequency-shift keying
  • keying FSK
  • Amplitude keying is also called amplitude shift keying.
  • the modulation mode of the first signal is any one of OOK, ASK, and FSK, so that the receiving device can successfully receive the first signal using a low-power receiver and reduce power consumption.
  • the first signal includes a second signal and/or a third signal
  • the second signal is a preamble signal or a primary synchronization signal
  • the third signal is a secondary synchronization signal SSS or a physical Broadcast channel PBCH.
  • the first signal includes a second signal and/or a third signal, and the first signal can be used to implement any one of the functions of cell search, time synchronization, frequency synchronization, time tracking, frequency tracking, and measurement.
  • the first signal includes the second signal and the third signal
  • the second signal is generated by a base sequence through repetition or spread spectrum
  • the third signal The starting time domain position is determined based on the end position of the maximum time domain length supported by the second signal.
  • the starting time domain position of the third signal is determined based on the end position of the maximum time domain length supported by the second signal, which can avoid inconsistent understanding of the time domain end position of the second signal between the sending device and the receiving device. problem in order to receive the third signal correctly.
  • the third signal is used to indicate the number of repetitions of the second signal, the coverage level corresponding to the second signal, the spreading factor corresponding to the second signal, the third signal At least one of the time domain lengths of the two signals.
  • the first signal includes a second signal and a third signal
  • the second signal is used to achieve time synchronization or frequency synchronization
  • the third signal carries at least one of the following: identification information , period information, the first frame number, the first superframe number, the first period index, the second period index, the identification information is the cell identification or the identification of the sending device, and the period information is the time when the sending device sends the first signal.
  • the first frame number is the frame number of one of the multiple frames occupied by the first signal
  • the first superframe number is the superframe number of the superframe where the first signal is located
  • the first A period index is the index of the period of the first signal within a superframe
  • the second period index is the index of the paging cycle where the first signal is located within a superframe or paging time window.
  • the third signal carries at least one of the following: identification information, period information, first frame number, first superframe number, first period index, and second period index; the receiving device can according to the third signal Get the corresponding parameters.
  • the second signal carries no information.
  • the second signal does not carry information. After the receiving device uses the second signal to obtain time and/or frequency synchronization, it no longer needs to perform related operations within a larger time and frequency range. At this time, there is no detection complexity. The problem.
  • the third signal includes first indication information, and the first indication information is used to indicate that the first signal includes or does not include the downlink data, or the downlink data includes Second indication information, the second indication information is used to indicate whether the first signal includes or does not include the third signal.
  • the receiving device can accurately distinguish whether the first signal and the downlink data overlap in the time domain. In other words, the receiving device can accurately distinguish whether the first signal includes downlink data.
  • the first signal includes a second signal, a third signal and downlink data
  • the second signal is a preamble signal or a main synchronization signal
  • the third signal is a secondary synchronization signal SSS or PBCH
  • the third signal serves as the preamble signal of the downlink data.
  • the third signal serves as the preamble signal of downlink data, which can save the overhead of the preamble signal.
  • the third signal is in a sequence form, such as SSS, and the sequence of the third signal is used to indicate that the first signal includes or does not include the third signal.
  • the sequence of the third signal is used to indicate whether the first signal includes or does not include the third signal, and the receiving device can accurately distinguish whether there is overlap between the first signal and the downlink data in the time domain.
  • the third signal is in a coded and modulated data form, and a different status value of a field in the third signal indicates whether the first signal has downlink data.
  • a different status value of a field in the third signal indicates whether the first signal has downlink data, and the receiving device can Accurately distinguish whether there is overlap in the time domain between the first signal and the downlink data.
  • the bandwidth of the guard band of the first signal is greater than or equal to the bandwidth of the guard band of the downlink data.
  • a low-power receiver adopts an indefinite IF structure
  • the frequency deviation of the ring oscillator that provides the local oscillator signal will be large.
  • larger guard bands need to be reserved on both sides of the first signal.
  • the frequency offset of the ring oscillator is improved. At this time, a smaller guard band can be used for the downlink data to improve to spectrum resource utilization.
  • receiving the first signal includes: receiving multiple first signals on multiple frequency units or multiple time domain units, and any of the multiple first signals The two correspond to different coverage levels, repetition levels or spreading factors; when the preset conditions are met, the lowest coverage level, minimum number of repetitions or minimum spreading factor of the first signal is used as the measurement quantity.
  • multiple first signals are received on multiple frequency units or multiple time domain units, and when preset conditions are met, the lowest coverage level, minimum number of repetitions, or minimum spreading factor of the first signal As a measured quantity; a measured quantity can be accurately determined.
  • the first signal is sent by the sending device according to the highest coverage level, the maximum number of repetitions or the maximum spreading factor; the receiving the first signal includes: when a preset condition is met, The lowest coverage level, minimum number of repetitions or minimum spreading factor of the first signal is used as the measurement quantity.
  • the receiving device when the preset conditions are met, the lowest coverage level, the minimum number of repetitions, or the minimum spreading factor of the first signal is used as the measurement quantity, so that the receiving device can implement channel measurement.
  • the preset condition is that the receiving device correctly detects the first signal
  • the preset condition is that the receiving device correctly detects the first signal under a preset configuration assumption.
  • a signal, or the preset condition is that the first indicator is less than or equal to a threshold under a preset configuration assumption, and the first indicator is at least one of the following: the block error rate of the first signal, the first signal The packet error rate, the missed detection rate of the first signal, the false detection rate of the first signal, and the false alarm rate of the first signal.
  • the measurement quantity can be accurately determined based on the first signal through the preset conditions.
  • the method further includes: sending first capability information to the sending device, where the first capability information may include at least one of the following: whether to support energy harvesting, whether to support a low-power receiver, Whether to support backscatter communication.
  • the first capability information is sent to the sending device to facilitate better communication with the sending device.
  • the method further includes: sending first capability information to the sending device, where the first capability information indicates that the receiving device supports a low-power receiver.
  • the first capability information is sent to the sending device in order to save power consumption.
  • One possible way is that the maximum upstream bandwidth supported by the receiving device does not exceed X1.
  • Another possible way is that the maximum downstream bandwidth supported by the receiving device does not exceed Y1.
  • One possible way is that the number of transmitting antennas supported by the receiving device does not exceed X2.
  • Another possible way is that the number of branches of the transmitting antenna supported by the receiving device does not exceed X3.
  • Another possible way is that the number of receiving antennas supported by the receiving device does not exceed Y2.
  • Another possible way is that the number of branches of the transmitting antenna supported by the receiving device does not exceed Y3.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a communication device, which has the function of implementing the behavior in the method embodiment of the first aspect.
  • the communication device may be a communication device, a component of the communication device (such as a processor, a chip, or a chip system, etc.), or a logic module or software that can realize all or part of the functions of the communication device.
  • the functions of the communication device can be implemented by hardware, or by hardware executing corresponding software.
  • the hardware or software includes one or more modules or units corresponding to the above functions.
  • the communication device includes a processing module and a transceiver module, wherein: the processing module is used to generate a first signal, and the first signal is used to implement at least one of the following functions: cell search; Time synchronization, frequency synchronization, time tracking, frequency tracking, and measurement; the transceiver module is used to send the first signal.
  • the transceiver module is specifically configured to send multiple first signals on multiple frequency units or multiple time domain units, and any two of the multiple first signals Corresponding to different coverage levels, repetition levels or spreading factors, the plurality of first signals are used by the receiving device to determine measurement quantities.
  • the measurement quantities are the lowest coverage level and minimum coverage level of the first signals when preset conditions are met. Number of repetitions or minimum spreading factor.
  • the transceiver module is specifically configured to send the first signal according to the highest coverage level, the maximum number of repetitions or the maximum spreading factor; the first signal is used by the receiving device to determine the measurement quantity , the measurement quantity is the lowest coverage level, the minimum number of repetitions or the minimum spreading factor of the first signal when the preset conditions are met.
  • the processing module is further configured to determine the format of the second signal according to its own load or resource occupancy.
  • Possible implementations of the communication device of the third aspect may be referred to various possible implementations of the first aspect.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a communication device, which has the function of implementing the behavior in the method embodiment of the second aspect.
  • the communication device may be a communication device, a component of the communication device (such as a processor, a chip, or a chip system, etc.), or a logic module or software that can realize all or part of the functions of the communication device.
  • the functions of the communication device can be implemented by hardware, or by hardware executing corresponding software.
  • the hardware or software includes one or more modules or units corresponding to the above functions.
  • the communication device includes a processing module and a transceiver module, wherein: the transceiver module is used to receive a first signal; the processing module is used to use the first signal to implement at least one of the following functions : Cell search, time synchronization, frequency synchronization, time tracking, frequency tracking, measurement.
  • the transceiver module is specifically configured to receive multiple first signals on multiple frequency units or multiple time domain units, and any two of the multiple first signals Corresponding to different coverage levels, repetition levels or spreading factors; the processing module is also used to use the lowest coverage level, the minimum number of repetitions or the minimum spreading factor of the first signal when the preset conditions are met as a measurement quantity.
  • the first signal is sent by the sending device according to the highest coverage level, the maximum number of repetitions or the maximum spreading factor; the processing module is also configured to: when the preset conditions are met, the The lowest coverage level, minimum number of repetitions or minimum spreading factor of the first signal is used as the measurement quantity.
  • Possible implementations of the communication device of the fourth aspect may be referred to various possible implementations of the second aspect.
  • inventions of the present application provide another communication device.
  • the communication device includes a processor.
  • the processor is coupled to a memory.
  • the memory is used to store programs or instructions.
  • the communication device is caused to perform the method shown in the above-mentioned first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect, or the communication device is caused to perform the method shown in the above-mentioned second aspect or any possible implementation of the second aspect.
  • the process of sending information (or signals) in the above method can be understood as a process of outputting information based on instructions of the processor.
  • the processor In outputting information, the processor outputs the information to the transceiver for transmission by the transceiver. After the information is output by the processor, it may also need to undergo other processing before reaching the transceiver.
  • the processor receives incoming information
  • the transceiver receives the information and feeds it into the processor. Furthermore, after the transceiver receives the information, the information may need to undergo other processing before being input to the processor.
  • the above-mentioned processor may be a processor specifically designed to perform these methods, or may be a processor that executes computer instructions in a memory to perform these methods, such as a general-purpose processor.
  • the processor may also be configured to execute a program stored in the memory.
  • the communication device performs the method shown in the above-mentioned first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect.
  • the memory is located outside the communication device. In a possible implementation, the memory is located within the above communication device.
  • the processor and the memory may be integrated into one device, that is, the processor and the memory may be integrated together.
  • the communication device further includes a transceiver, which is used to receive signals or send signals, etc.
  • the present application provides another communication device.
  • the communication device includes a processing circuit and an interface circuit.
  • the interface circuit is used to obtain data or output data; the processing circuit is used to perform the above-mentioned first aspect or any of the first aspects.
  • the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium.
  • a computer program is stored in the computer-readable storage medium.
  • the computer program includes program instructions. When executed, the program instructions cause the computer to perform the above-mentioned first aspect or the third aspect.
  • the method shown in any possible implementation manner of one aspect, or the method shown in any possible implementation manner of the second aspect or the second aspect is performed.
  • the present application provides a computer program product.
  • the computer program product includes a computer program.
  • the computer program includes program instructions. When executed, the program instructions cause the computer to perform the above-mentioned first aspect or any possible method of the first aspect. Implement the method shown in the method, or perform the method shown in the above second aspect or any possible implementation method of the second aspect.
  • the present application provides a communication system, including the communication device described in the above third aspect or any possible implementation of the third aspect, and the communication device described in the above fourth aspect or any possible implementation of the fourth aspect. Communication device.
  • the present application provides a chip, including a processor and a communication interface.
  • the processor reads instructions stored in the memory through the communication interface and executes any one of the above-mentioned first aspect to the above-mentioned sixth aspect.
  • the method shown in the aspect or perform the method shown in the above second aspect or any possible implementation of the second aspect.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a low-power receiver based on a radio frequency tuning structure
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a low-power receiver based on an indefinite IF structure
  • Figure 3 is an example of a schematic structural diagram of an SSB
  • Figure 4 is an example of a communication system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 5 is a flow chart of a communication interaction method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the frame structure of a first signal provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the frame structure of another first signal provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the frame structure of another first signal provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of a Beacon signal indicating a frame number provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of a Beacon period index provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of time domain multiplexing of Beacon signals and downlink data provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of frequency domain resources of a Beacon signal provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 13 is an interaction flow chart of another communication method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 14 is an example of a measurement mechanism based on Beacon signals provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 15 is an example of another measurement mechanism based on Beacon signals provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 16 is an interaction flow chart of another communication method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 17 is an example of another measurement mechanism based on Beacon signals provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 18 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device 1800 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 19 is a schematic structural diagram of another communication device 190 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 20 is a schematic structural diagram of another communication device 200 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • an embodiment means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application.
  • the appearances of this phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. Those skilled in the art will understand, both explicitly and implicitly, that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.
  • a corresponds to B means that A and B have a corresponding relationship, and B can be determined based on A.
  • determining (or generating) B according to (or based on) A does not mean only determining (or generating) B according to (or based on) A. It can also be determined according to (or based on) A and/or other information. or generate)B.
  • some low-power terminals are used in IoT applications such as medical care, smart homes, industrial sensors, and wearable devices. plays an important role.
  • the limited size of such terminals if you want to extend the operating time of these terminals, it is difficult to achieve it by increasing the battery capacity.
  • the power consumption of wireless communication needs to be reduced.
  • the radio transceiver is one of the most power-consuming components. Therefore, it is necessary to study how to reduce the power consumption of the radio transceiver on the terminal.
  • Traditional receiver (or traditional receiver) architectures include superheterodyne receivers, zero-IF receivers and low-IF receivers. These traditional receiver solutions are often used in scenarios that require high signal quality and transmission rate.
  • traditional receivers need to use some high-performance and high-precision module circuits, such as high-gain and high-linearity low-noise amplifiers, high-linearity mixers, and high-precision local oscillator signals. Voltage controlled oscillator, etc. In order to improve circuit performance, the power consumption of traditional receivers cannot be reduced.
  • Low-power receivers have strict power consumption limits, such as less than 1mW. By using amplitude modulation and envelope detection, low-power receivers can avoid the need for power-hungry RF modules. For example, low-power receivers do not need to use high-linearity mixers, voltage-controlled oscillators that can provide accurate local oscillator signals, etc., so they can achieve lower power consumption levels.
  • low-power receivers can adopt the following structure:
  • Radio frequency tuning structure is a schematic diagram of a low-power receiver based on radio frequency tuning structure.
  • the low-power receiver in Figure 1 mainly includes three parts: radio frequency amplifier, envelope detector and baseband amplifier.
  • low-power receivers may also include RF filters. Since the envelope detector is a nonlinear device and has large noise, in order to correctly demodulate the received signal, a radio frequency amplifier needs to be added in front of the envelope detector to improve the system sensitivity.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a low-power receiver based on an indefinite IF structure.
  • the low-power receiver in Figure 2 mainly includes three parts: a ring oscillator, an intermediate frequency amplifier and an envelope detector.
  • the RF signal is first converted into a lower frequency intermediate frequency signal through a mixer, and then the intermediate frequency signal is amplified through an intermediate frequency amplifier, and then an envelope detector is used to demodulate and output a baseband signal.
  • a low-power receiver may also include RF filters, mixers, baseband amplifiers, etc.
  • a mixer is used in a low-power receiver based on an indefinite IF structure, and a local oscillator signal needs to be provided for it.
  • the local oscillator signal is generated through a ring oscillator because its structure is simple and its power consumption is low. However, the frequency deviation generated by the ring oscillator is large and will change within a certain range. The frequency generated by the ring oscillator and the intermediate frequency obtained after mixing the radio frequency signal are uncertain. Therefore, the structure of the receiver is called an indefinite intermediate frequency. structure. Since the frequency of the local oscillator signal generated by the ring oscillator is not accurate and changes with time and temperature, additional frequency calibration circuits may be needed to calibrate the frequency of the wake-up oscillator, as shown in the dotted box in Figure 2.
  • both structures of low-power receivers use envelope detectors to complete the final down-conversion operation to obtain baseband signals.
  • Both structures of low-power receivers do not use voltage-controlled oscillators that can provide accurate local oscillator signals.
  • the following introduces the existing technology solutions for completing cell search, time synchronization, frequency synchronization, time tracking, frequency tracking, and measurement.
  • terminal equipment that supports the standard features of NR Release 17 and the standard features of previous versions (releases) can complete at least one of the following functions through the synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel block (SS/PBCH block, SSB) in NR : Cell search, time tracking, frequency tracking, measurement.
  • Cell search is a process in which a terminal device obtains time and frequency synchronization with a cell and detects the physical layer cell identity of the cell. The purpose of measurement is for mobility management, cell selection, cell reselection, etc.
  • An SSB includes primary synchronization signal (PSS), secondary synchronization signal (SSS) and physical broadcast channel (PBCH).
  • PSS primary synchronization signal
  • SSS secondary synchronization signal
  • PBCH physical broadcast channel
  • Figure 3 is an example of a schematic structural diagram of an SSB. Referring to Figure 3, in the time domain (time domain), one SSB occupies four consecutive orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols; in the frequency domain (frequency domain), one SSB occupies There are 240 consecutive subcarriers, and these 240 subcarriers are numbered from 0 to 239 in order of increasing frequency.
  • OFDM orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
  • the first OFDM symbol from the left carries the PSS
  • the subcarriers numbered 0, 1,...,55,183,184,...,239 are set to 0
  • the subcarriers numbered 56, 57,...,182 are the subcarriers occupied by the PSS
  • the 2nd and 4th OFDM symbols from the left carry PBCH, and every 4 consecutive subcarriers have a DMRS corresponding to PBCH
  • the 3rd OFDM symbol from the left carries SSS and PBCH
  • numbered 56, 57 ,...,182 subcarriers are set to SSS
  • subcarriers numbered 0, 1,...,47, 192, 193,...,239 are PBCH
  • the remaining subcarriers are set to 0.
  • the PSS and SSS sequences in SSB use a modulation method similar to binary phase shift keying (BPSK).
  • the modulation method of PBCH is quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK).
  • QPSK quadrature phase shift keying
  • the PSS and SSS sequences in the SSB and the PBCH do not support reception through envelope detection and can only be received through coherent reception.
  • the key to coherent reception is that the receiver is required to recover a coherent carrier that is strictly synchronized with the frequency of the modulated carrier; the receiver uses a mixer to multiply the radio frequency signal and the coherent carrier and obtain the baseband signal after processing.
  • the receiver In order to obtain a coherent carrier that is strictly synchronized with the frequency of the modulating carrier, the receiver requires a voltage-controlled oscillator that can provide an accurate local oscillator signal. In other words, the terminal equipment is required to use a traditional receiver.
  • low-power receivers In order to meet the needs of extremely low power consumption, low-power receivers cannot provide an oscillator with an accurate local oscillator signal, that is, they do not use a voltage-controlled oscillator that can provide an accurate local oscillator signal. Therefore, for terminal equipment that has a traditional receiver and a low-power receiver, but currently only the low-power receiver is on and the traditional receiver is off, or a terminal equipment that only has a low-power receiver, it is impossible to Complete at least one of the following functions through NR's existing SSB: obtaining initial access, time synchronization, frequency synchronization, time tracking, frequency tracking, and measurement.
  • the embodiments of the present application may be applied to wireless local area network systems such as Internet of Things (IoT) networks, Vehicle to X (V2X), and Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN).
  • IoT Internet of Things
  • V2X Vehicle to X
  • WLAN Wireless Local Area Network
  • the embodiments of the present application can also be applied to other possible communication systems, such as long term evolution (long term evolution, LTE) system, LTE frequency division duplex (FDD) system, LTE time division duplex (time division) system duplex (TDD), universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS), global interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) communication system, fifth generation (5th generation, 5G) communication system, and future Sixth generation (6th generation, 6G) communication system, etc.
  • LTE long term evolution
  • FDD frequency division duplex
  • TDD LTE time division duplex
  • UMTS universal mobile telecommunication system
  • WiMAX global interoperability for microwave access
  • 5th generation, 5G fifth generation
  • FIG 4 is an example of a communication system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • base station #1, base station #2, and terminal #1 to terminal #8 form a communication system.
  • base station #1 transmits information to one or more terminals among terminal #1 to terminal #6.
  • Base station #1 sends information to one or more of terminal #7 and terminal #8 through base station #2.
  • terminal #4 to terminal #6 also form a communication system.
  • terminal #5 can send information to one or more terminals among terminal #4 and terminal #6.
  • Base station #2, terminal #7 and terminal #8 also form a communication system.
  • base station #2 can send information to one or more terminals among terminal #7 and terminal #8.
  • a base station is an entity on the network side that is used to send or receive signals.
  • a base station can be any device that has wireless transceiver functions and can communicate with terminal equipment, such as a radio access network (RAN) node that connects terminal equipment to a wireless network.
  • RAN nodes include: transmission reception point (TRP), evolved Node B (eNB), radio network controller (RNC), home base station (e.g., home base station) evolved NodeB, or home Node B, HNB), base band unit (BBU), WiFi access point (AP), integrated access and backhaul (IAB), satellite, wireless Man-machine etc.
  • TRP transmission reception point
  • eNB evolved Node B
  • RNC radio network controller
  • home base station e.g., home base station
  • evolved NodeB evolved NodeB
  • HNB home Node B
  • BBU base band unit
  • WiFi access point AP
  • IAB integrated access and backhaul
  • satellite wireless Man-machine etc.
  • IAB integrated access and backhaul
  • the base station of LTE is called eNodeB, and the base station of NR is called gNB.
  • the base station may be a macro base station, a micro base station, a pico base station, a small base station, a femto base station, or a pole station.
  • a base station may be a base station that supports the reception of data transmitted via transmit communications.
  • the base station may be a base station that supports sending wake-up signals.
  • Terminal can be called terminal equipment:
  • the terminal can be a device with wireless transceiver functions.
  • the terminal can communicate with one or more core network (CN) devices (or core devices) via access network equipment (or access equipment) in the radio access network (RAN).
  • CN core network
  • Access network equipment can be base stations, WiFi access points, TRPs, etc.
  • the terminal may be a terminal device that supports a wake-up receiver, or a terminal device that does not support a wake-up receiver.
  • the end device may be an end device that supports reflective communication, such as a tag.
  • the terminal may also be called user equipment (UE), which may be a mobile phone (mobile phone), a mobile station (MS), a tablet computer (pad), a computer with wireless transceiver functions, Virtual reality (VR) terminal equipment, augmented reality (AR) terminal equipment, wireless terminal equipment in industrial control (industrial control), wireless terminal equipment in self-driving (self driving), telemedicine ( Wireless terminal equipment in remote medical, wireless terminal equipment in smart grid, wireless terminal equipment in transportation safety, wireless terminal equipment in smart city, smart home ) in wireless terminal equipment, subscriber unit (subscriber unit), cellular phone (cellular phone), wireless data card, personal digital assistant (personal digital assistant, PDA) computer, tablet computer, laptop computer (laptop computer), Machine type communication (MTC) terminal equipment, drones, etc.
  • UE user equipment
  • UE user equipment
  • UE user equipment
  • UE may be a mobile phone (mobile phone), a mobile station (MS), a tablet computer (pad), a computer with wireless transceiver functions
  • VR virtual reality
  • AR augmented reality
  • Terminal devices may include various handheld devices with wireless communication capabilities, vehicle-mounted devices, wearable devices, computing devices, or other processing devices connected to wireless modems.
  • the terminal device can be a handheld device (handset) with wireless communication function, a terminal device in the Internet of Things or the Internet of Vehicles, any form of terminal device in the communication system evolved after 5G and 5G, etc. This application does not limited.
  • the embodiment of the present application mainly designs a signal.
  • a terminal device with only a low-power receiver or only a low-power receiver in an on state (or working state) can use this signal to complete at least one function: cell search, Time synchronization, frequency synchronization, time tracking, frequency tracking, measurement.
  • This application provides a communication solution for a terminal device that only has a low-power receiver or only has a low-power receiver that is on (or in a working state) to use a newly designed signal to complete at least one of the above functions.
  • the communication solution provided by the embodiment of the present application will be introduced below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
  • Figure 5 is a flow chart of a communication interaction method provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 5, the method includes:
  • the sending device generates the first signal.
  • the first signal is used to implement at least one of the following functions: cell search, time synchronization, frequency synchronization, time tracking, frequency tracking, and measurement.
  • the first signal may be called a Beacon signal, or a synchronization signal, or a synchronized broadcast signal, or a reference signal, etc., which is not limited in the embodiment of this application.
  • the first signal supports reception by the receiving device using a low-power receiver. That is to say, the receiving device can successfully receive the first signal by using the low-power receiver.
  • the sending device before generating the first signal, receives first capability information from the receiving device, where the first capability information indicates that the receiving device supports a low-power receiver.
  • a possible implementation of step 501 is as follows: generate a first signal according to the first capability information.
  • the first signal is generated according to the first capability information, which can save power consumption and enable the receiving device to successfully receive the first signal.
  • the first signal supports reception in a non-coherent manner, or the first signal supports frequency conversion from radio frequency or intermediate frequency to baseband in a non-coherent manner.
  • the non-coherent method may be envelope detection, that is, each signal in the first signal adopts a modulation method that supports envelope detection.
  • the first signal supports reception through envelope detection.
  • the modulation mode of the first signal is any one of OOK, ASK, and FSK.
  • the receiving device may receive the first signal in a non-coherent manner.
  • the receiving device may non-coherently convert the first signal from radio frequency or intermediate frequency to baseband.
  • the first signal can be regarded as a signal specially designed for a low-power receiver to implement at least one of the functions of cell search, time synchronization, frequency synchronization, time tracking, frequency tracking, and measurement.
  • the receiving device can take advantage of the low-power consumption.
  • the receiver successfully receives the first signal.
  • the low-power receiver can use an envelope detector to complete the down-conversion operation and obtain the baseband signal.
  • the low-power receiver does not use a voltage-controlled oscillator that can provide an accurate local oscillator signal.
  • the first signal supports reception in a non-coherent manner, or the first signal supports frequency conversion from radio frequency or intermediate frequency to baseband in a non-coherent manner; so that the receiving device uses a low-power receiver to successfully receive the first signal. signal, which can reduce power consumption.
  • the first signal includes a second signal and/or a third signal
  • the second signal is a preamble signal (preamble) or PSS
  • the third signal is an SSS or PBCH.
  • the Beacon signal refers to the first signal.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the frame structure of a first signal provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 6, the Beacon signal includes signal 1 and signal 2, where the Beacon signal refers to the first signal, signal 1 represents the second signal, and signal 2 represents the third signal. Signal 1 can be called Preamble or PSS, and signal 2 Can be called SSS or PBCH.
  • signal 1 represents the second signal and signal 2 represents the third signal.
  • Signal 1 and Signal 2 can be transmitted continuously or discontinuously in the time domain. Taking into account the different distances between different receiving devices and sending devices, the channel conditions are different. Signal 1 can be in different formats. Signals 1 in different formats respectively correspond to different channel conditions. Alternatively, signals 1 in different formats correspond to different coverage levels respectively. Alternatively, signals 1 in different formats respectively correspond to different repetition levels. Signal 1 in different formats can be sequences of different lengths. Alternatively, different formats of signal 1 can be different numbers of repetitions of the same sequence. Alternatively, signals 1 in different formats have different spreading factors under the same sequence. The sending device can determine the format of the signal 1 it sends based on its own load or resource occupancy. In this implementation, the first signal includes a second signal and/or a third signal to implement any one of the functions of cell search, time synchronization, frequency synchronization, time tracking, frequency tracking, and measurement.
  • the first signal includes the second signal (ie, signal 1) and the third signal (ie, signal 2).
  • the second signal consists of a base sequence through repetition or expansion.
  • the signal is generated in a frequency manner, and the starting time domain position of the third signal is determined based on the end position of the maximum time domain length supported by the second signal.
  • signal 2 indicates the number of repetitions of signal 1, or the coverage level corresponding to signal 1, or the spreading factor of signal 1, or the time domain length of signal 1.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the frame structure of another first signal provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 7, signal 1 is generated by repeating the base sequence. The maximum number of repetitions supported by signal 1 is 4.
  • the maximum time domain length supported by signal 1 is the time domain occupied by the sequence generated by the base sequence according to the number of repetitions 4. length.
  • the technical gain is to avoid the problem of inconsistent understanding between the sending device and the receiving device regarding the end position of the time domain of signal 1, which in turn leads to the problem of being unable to correctly receive signal 2.
  • the sending device sends signal 1 according to the repetition number 4, and the actual end position of signal 1 is the end position corresponding to the base sequence of repetition number #3 in Figure 7.
  • the receiving device may think that the end position of signal 1 is the base sequence of repetition number #0.
  • the end position corresponding to the sequence, the sending device and The receiving device has inconsistent understanding of the end position of signal 1 in the time domain.
  • the receiving device starts to receive signal 2 according to the end position of the base sequence of repetition number #0, signal 2 cannot be received correctly.
  • the starting time domain position of the agreed signal 2 is determined based on the end position of the maximum time domain length supported by the signal 1, the above problem can be avoided, and the third signal can be received correctly.
  • the sending device sends the first signal to the receiving device.
  • the receiving device receives the first signal from the sending device.
  • the receiving device only has a low-power receiver, and the receiving device uses the low-power receiver to receive the first signal.
  • the receiving device has a traditional receiver and a low-power receiver, but currently only the low-power receiver is on, while the traditional receiver is off; the receiving device uses the low-power receiver to The machine receives the first signal.
  • Low-power receivers can use envelope detectors to complete the final down-conversion operation to obtain baseband signals.
  • the low-power receiver deployed in the receiving device can be the receiver shown in Figure 1, or the receiver shown in Figure 2, or other low-power receivers that use an envelope detector to complete the final down-conversion operation. machine.
  • signal 1 Before communicating with the sending device, the receiving device needs to obtain time and/or frequency synchronization through signal 1. Therefore, signal 1 can be considered as the first step in establishing communication between the receiving device and the sending device. At this time, the time and frequency of the receiving device and the sending device are not synchronized, and the receiving device needs to perform relevant operations within a larger time and frequency range to correctly detect the signal 1. In order to reduce the complexity of detecting signal 1 by the receiving device, signal 1 may not carry information. After the receiving device uses signal 1 to obtain time and/or frequency synchronization, it no longer needs to perform related operations within a larger time and frequency range, so there is no Question about detection complexity.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the frame structure of another first signal provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 8, the first signal (i.e., the Beacon signal in Figure 8) includes signal 1 and signal 2.
  • Signal 2 content example 1, signal 2 content example 2, and signal 2 content example 3 show that signal 3 may carry Three examples of basic parameters of communication;
  • Signal 2 content example 1 shows that signal 2 carries the network identification, Beacon period, frame number, and superframe number;
  • Signal 2 content example 2 shows that signal 2 carries the network identification, Beacon period, Frame number;
  • Signal 2 content example 3 shows that signal 2 carries the network identification, Beacon cycle, and paging cycle index.
  • the basic parameters of communication carried by signal 2 are introduced below.
  • the network identity can be a cell identity or an identity of the sending device.
  • the receiving device Before the receiving device receives the Beacon signal, it can assume that the Beacon period is a default value, and the default value can be agreed upon. After receiving the Beacon signal, the receiving device can receive the Beacon signal according to the Beacon period indicated in the Beacon signal. It should be noted that for terminal equipment with a traditional receiver and a low-power receiver as the receiving device, before receiving the beacon signal, the receiving device can obtain the Beacon cycle from the sending device through the traditional receiver. In addition, the receiving device in this scenario can obtain at least one of the following from the sending device through a traditional receiver: the frequency domain resource location indication information of the Beacon signal, and the presence or absence of the Beacon signal.
  • Frame number The length of a frame is 10ms. The frame number ranges from 0 to 1023.
  • the frame number indicated by the Beacon signal is used to indicate the frame number of the frame where the starting time position of the Beacon signal is located, or the frame number indicated by the Beacon signal is used to indicate the end of the Beacon signal.
  • the frame number of the frame where the time position is located, or the frame number indicated by the Beacon signal is used to indicate the frame number of a specific frame among the multiple frames occupied by the Beacon signal. The position of the specific frame can be agreed upon.
  • the Beacon signal may indicate the complete frame number, or the Beacon signal may indicate the high-order bits of the signal frame number.
  • the number of bits used to indicate the frame number in the Beacon signal is bit
  • Y is the low-order bit of the frame number
  • the sum of X and Y is greater than or equal to 10.
  • the duration of a Beacon cycle is 640ms, which contains 64 frames. 64 is expressed in binary and the number of bits it occupies is 6, which corresponds to the low-order bit of the frame number.
  • the number of bits used in Beacon to indicate the frame number is 4, which corresponds to the high-order bit of the frame number, and the sum of 6 and 4 is equal to 10.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of a Beacon signal indicating a frame number provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Example 1 10 bits indicate at least the complete frame number, that is, the Beacon signal indicates the complete frame number; in Example 2, 4 bits indicate the frame number, that is, the starting frame number, and 6 bits indicate that the duration of a Beacon cycle includes number of frames. Assume that the 4 bits in the Beacon signal indicate that the frame number is 4, the 6 bits indicate that the number of frames included in one Beacon cycle is 64, and the frame numbers indicated by the Beacon signal are 4 to 67.
  • the Beacon cycle index is the index of the Beacon cycle within a superframe.
  • the index of the Beacon cycle within a superframe starts from 0.
  • the duration of a superframe is 10240ms, and a superframe can include 1024 frames.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of a Beacon period index provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 10, the index of the Beacon cycle within a superframe starts from 0, and signal 2 indicates the Beacon cycle index.
  • Superframe number The duration of a superframe is 10240ms, and a superframe can include 1024 frames.
  • the Beacon signal indicates the superframe number of the superframe in which the Beacon is located.
  • the Beacon signal may indicate the complete superframe number, or the Beacon signal may indicate the high bits of the superframe number.
  • Paging (paging) cycle (cycle) index paging cycle can be called paging discontinuous reception (discontinuous reception, DRX) cycle (cycle), or it is called DRX cycle, and will be described as paging cycle later.
  • DRX cycle can be the default paging cycle.
  • the paging DRX cycle may be a terminal equipment specific (UE specific) paging cycle.
  • the paging DRX cycle may be a terminal equipment specific (UE specific) extended paging cycle.
  • the paging DRX cycle may be the minimum value of the default paging cycle and the UE specific paging cycle.
  • the paging DRX cycle may be the minimum value of the default paging cycle and the UE specific extended paging cycle.
  • the extended paging cycle can also be called eDRX cycle.
  • the default paging cycle is configured by the sending device through system messages.
  • the UE specific paging cycle or UE specific extended paging cycle is notified by the sending device through UE specific signaling.
  • the paging cycle index indicated in the Beacon signal is the index of the paging cycle where the Beacon signal is located within a superframe, where the duration of a superframe is 10240ms.
  • the paging cycle index indicated in the Beacon signal is the index of the paging cycle in which the Beacon signal is located within a paging time window (paging time window).
  • the above index can start from 0.
  • the configuration parameters of the paging time window are configured by the transmitting device or the core network device.
  • the first signal includes a second signal (ie, signal 2) and a third signal (ie, signal 2), the second signal is used to achieve time synchronization or frequency synchronization, and the third signal is used to achieve time synchronization or frequency synchronization.
  • the three signals carry at least one of the following: identification information, period information, first frame number, first superframe number, first period index, and second period index.
  • the identification information is a cell identification or an identification of a sending device.
  • the cell identity or the identity of the sending device can be regarded as the network identity carried by signal 2.
  • the period information is the period during which the sending device sends the first signal.
  • the period information can be the Beacon period carried by signal 2.
  • the first frame number is the frame number of one of the multiple frames occupied by the first signal, that is, the frame number carried by signal 2.
  • the first superframe number is the superframe number of the superframe in which the first signal is located, that is, the superframe number carried by signal 2.
  • the first period index i.e., Beacon period index
  • the second period index i.e., paging period index
  • the third signal carries at least one of the following: identification information, period information, first frame number, first superframe number, first period index, and second period index; so that the receiving device can obtain the corresponding parameters.
  • the receiving device uses the first signal to implement at least one function among cell search, time synchronization, frequency synchronization, time tracking, frequency tracking, and measurement.
  • the receiving device may utilize the second signal in the first signal to achieve time synchronization and/or frequency synchronization.
  • the first signal includes a second signal and a third signal, the second signal is PSS, and the third signal is SSS or PBCH; the receiving device uses the first signal to implement cell search, time synchronization, frequency synchronization, time tracking, frequency At least one function in tracking and measurement.
  • the first signal is sent to the receiving device, and the receiving device uses the first signal to implement at least one of cell search, time synchronization, frequency synchronization, time tracking, frequency tracking, and measurement, which can reduce power consumption.
  • this application provides a multiplexing design of Beacon signals and data, reducing the overhead of signal 1.
  • the following introduces the multiplexing design of Beacon signals and data provided by the embodiment of this application.
  • Beacon signals can include Signal 1 and Signal 2.
  • asynchronous communication is considered.
  • the preamble signal can have the same format as signal 1 in Beacon.
  • multiplexing the Beacon signal and the downlink data together can save the overhead of the preamble signal.
  • multiplexing the Beacon signal and the downlink data together can save the overhead of signal 1.
  • FIG 11 is a schematic diagram of time domain multiplexing of Beacon signals and downlink data provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the Beacon signal includes Signal 1 and Signal 2.
  • a preamble signal namely Signal 1
  • Signal 2 When the downlink data is transmitted, a preamble signal, namely Signal 1, is required before the downlink data.
  • the Beacon signal and the downlink data overlap in the time domain, the Beacon signal and the downlink data overlap.
  • the data is multiplexed together to obtain a signal including preamble (i.e. signal 1), signal 2 and downlink data.
  • signal 2 may include an indication of whether there is downlink data.
  • the downlink data may include an indication of whether signal 2 is present.
  • signal 2 is in sequence form, such as SSS, different sequences can be used to indicate whether there is downlink data.
  • signal 2 is in the form of coded and modulated data, such as PBCH, different status values in a field can be used to indicate whether there is downlink data.
  • the first signal includes a second signal (signal 1), a third signal (signal 2) and downlink data
  • the second signal is a preamble signal or a main synchronization signal
  • the third signal is the secondary synchronization signal SSS or PBCH
  • the third signal serves as the preamble signal of the downlink data.
  • the third signal serves as the preamble signal of downlink data, which can save the overhead of the preamble signal. In other words, save the cost of the second signal.
  • the third signal includes first indication information, and the first indication information is used to indicate that the first signal includes or does not include the downlink data, or the downlink data includes second indication information, The second indication information is used to indicate whether the first signal includes or does not include the third signal.
  • the third signal is in the form of coded and modulated data, and a different status value of a field in the third signal indicates whether the first signal has downlink data. That is to say, when the third signal is in the form of coded and modulated data, such as PBCH, different status values in a field can be used to indicate whether there is downlink data.
  • the third signal is in a sequence form, such as SSS, and the sequence of the third signal is used to indicate whether the first signal includes or does not include the third signal.
  • Reasonable Solution The third signal indicates whether the first signal has downlink data through different sequences.
  • the bandwidth of the guard band of the Beacon signal is greater than or equal to the bandwidth of the guard band of the downlink data. If a low-power receiver adopts an indefinite IF structure, the frequency deviation of the ring oscillator that provides the local oscillator signal will be large. In order to ensure that the receiving device correctly receives the Beacon signal, larger protective bands need to be reserved on both sides of the Beacon signal. After the receiving device receives the Beacon signal and completes frequency calibration (including frequency deviation estimation and compensation) based on the Beacon signal, the frequency offset of the ring oscillator is improved. At this time, a smaller guard band can be used for downlink data to improve spectrum resource utilization.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of frequency domain resources of a Beacon signal provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the ratio of the frequency offset of the ring oscillator to the carrier frequency is several hundred ppm (x100ppm in Figure 12).
  • the frequency offset value is after frequency calibration, the ratio of the frequency offset of the ring oscillator to the carrier frequency is tens of ppm (x10ppm in Figure 12).
  • the carrier frequency as 900MHz as an example, the corresponding frequency offset of 10ppm is 9kHz.
  • the multiplexing design of Beacon signals and data provided by the embodiment of this application can reduce the overhead of signal 1.
  • the receiving device For scenarios where the receiving device uses a low-power receiver, the receiving device ultimately receives the Beacon signal through envelope detection and obtains the envelope of the Beacon signal; then, digitally samples the envelope of the Beacon signal and uses it with the receiver The amplitude or energy threshold set by the device is compared to determine whether the received signal is 1 or 0, or whether the received signal is +1 or -1.
  • the receiving device can also determine whether the received signal is 1 or 0 according to other implementation methods, or determine whether the received signal is +1 or -1, which is not specifically limited in the embodiments of this application.
  • the signal obtained by the receiving device is a binary sequence, that is, a sequence composed of elements 0 and 1, or a sequence composed of elements +1 and -1.
  • RSRP reference signal receiving power
  • SINR signal to interference plus noise ratio
  • Figure 13 is an interaction flow chart of another communication method provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 13, the method includes:
  • the sending device sends multiple first signals on multiple frequency units or multiple time domain units.
  • the receiving device receives multiple first signals sent by the sending device on multiple frequency units or multiple time domain units.
  • the time-frequency resources occupied by any two of the plurality of first signals do not overlap.
  • Any two of the plurality of first signals correspond to different coverage levels, repetition levels or spreading factors.
  • the first signal refers generally.
  • the multiple first signals have some same signal characteristics, but are not the same signal.
  • the modulation modes of the plurality of first signals are all OOK or FSK, and the plurality of first signals are used to implement the same function. Any two of the plurality of first signals correspond to different coverage levels, repetition levels or expansion levels. frequency factor.
  • Figure 14 is an example of a measurement mechanism based on Beacon signals provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • the sending device sends multiple Beacon signals on multiple frequency units.
  • the first signal sent on frequency unit 2 corresponds to coverage level 0, the first signal sent on frequency unit 1 corresponds to coverage level 1, and the first signal sent on frequency unit 0 corresponds to coverage level 2.
  • Figure 15 is an example of another measurement mechanism based on Beacon signals provided by the embodiment of the present application. Referring to Figure 15, the sending device sends multiple Beacon signals in multiple time units; the first signal sent in time unit 0 corresponds to coverage level 2, the first signal sent in time unit 1 corresponds to coverage level 1, and the first signal sent in time unit 2 corresponds to coverage level 1.
  • the first signal sent corresponds to coverage level 0.
  • the plurality of first signals are used by the receiving device to determine channel quality, and the channel quality corresponds to the lowest coverage level, minimum number of repetitions or minimum expansion of the first signal when the receiving device correctly detects the first signal. frequency factor.
  • the repetition level may be referred to as the number of repetitions.
  • the receiving device Based on the multiple first signals from the sending device, the receiving device uses the lowest coverage level, the minimum number of repetitions, or the minimum spreading factor of the first signal when the preset conditions are met as a measurement quantity.
  • the measurement quantity is used to describe the channel conditions (or channel quality) between the receiving device and the transmitting device.
  • the measurement quantity may be, for example, reference signal received power (RSRP), signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR), etc.
  • RSRP reference signal received power
  • SINR signal to interference plus noise ratio
  • Taking the lowest coverage level, minimum number of repetitions or minimum spreading factor of the first signal when the preset conditions are met as a measurement quantity can be understood as: taking the plurality of first signals that meet the preset conditions and correspond to the lowest coverage level, minimum The coverage level, the number of repetitions, or the spreading factor corresponding to the first signal with the minimum spreading factor is used as the measurement quantity.
  • the preset condition is that the receiving device correctly detects the first signal
  • the preset condition is that the receiving device correctly detects the first signal under a preset configuration assumption.
  • a signal, or the preset condition is that the first indicator is less than or equal to a threshold under a preset configuration assumption, and the first indicator is at least one of the following: the block error rate of the first signal, the first signal The packet error rate, the missed detection rate of the first signal, the false detection rate of the first signal, and the false alarm rate of the first signal.
  • the preset configuration hypothesis may be at least one of the following: a preset transmitting antenna configuration, a preset receiving antenna configuration, a preset period, and a preset number of receptions.
  • the above thresholds can be agreed upon or configured according to actual needs, and are not limited here.
  • the channel condition (or channel quality) between the receiving device and the sending device can be expressed as: the lowest coverage level of the Beacon signal when the receiving device can correctly detect the Beacon signal, or the lowest repetition level , or, the lowest spreading factor.
  • the relative positions of each frequency unit used by the sending device to send beacon signals can be agreed upon to avoid blind detection of different frequency units by the receiving device.
  • the receiving device determines the channel quality based on the lowest coverage level, minimum number of repetitions, or minimum spreading factor of the first signal when the first signal is correctly detected.
  • the receiving device determines the measurement quantity based on whether it detects the Beacon signal of the corresponding coverage level.
  • coverage level 0 indicates the best channel quality
  • coverage level 2 indicates the worst channel quality. If the receiving device can correctly detect the Beacon signal of coverage level 2, but cannot correctly detect the Beacon signal of coverage level 1 and coverage level 0, the receiving device determines that the measurement quantity is coverage level 2. If the receiving device can correctly detect the Beacon signal of coverage level 1, but cannot correctly detect the Beacon signal of coverage level 0, the receiving device determines that the measurement quantity is coverage level 1. If the receiving device can correctly detect the Beacon signal of coverage level 0, the receiving device determines that the measurement quantity is coverage level 0.
  • the receiving device determines the measurement quantity based on whether it detects the Beacon signal of the corresponding repetitive level. For example, multiple (for example, 3) first signals sent by the sending device correspond to three repetition levels, namely repetition level 0, repetition level 1 and repetition level 2. Repeat level 0 indicates the best channel quality, while repetition level 2 indicates the worst channel quality. If the receiving device can correctly detect the Beacon signal of repetition level 2, but cannot correctly detect the Beacon signal of repetition level 1 and repetition level 0, the receiving device determines that the measured quantity is repetition level 2. If the receiving device can correctly detect the Beacon signal of repetition level 1, but cannot correctly detect the Beacon signal of repetition level 0, the receiving device determines that the measured quantity is repetition level 1. If the receiving device can correctly detect the Beacon signal with repetition level 0, the receiving device determines that the measured quantity is repetition level 0.
  • multiple (for example, 3) first signals sent by the sending device correspond to three repetition levels, namely repetition level 0, repetition level 1 and repetition level 2. Repeat level 0 indicates the best channel quality, while repetition level 2 indicates the worst channel quality. If
  • the receiving device determines the measurement quantity based on whether it detects the Beacon signal with the corresponding spreading factor. For example, multiple (for example, 3) first signals sent by the sending device correspond to three spreading factors, namely spreading factor 0, spreading factor 1 and spreading factor 2. A spreading factor of 0 indicates the best channel quality, and a spreading factor of 2 indicates the worst channel quality. If the receiving device can correctly detect the Beacon signal with spreading factor 2, but cannot correctly detect the Beacon signal with spreading factor 1 and 0, the receiving device determines that the measured quantity is spreading factor 2. If the receiving device can correctly detect a Beacon signal with a spreading factor of 1, but cannot correctly detect a Beacon signal with a spreading factor of 0, the receiving device determines that the measured quantity is a spreading factor of 1. If the receiving device can correctly detect the Beacon signal with spreading factor 0, the receiving device determines that the measured quantity is spreading factor 0.
  • multiple (for example, 3) first signals sent by the sending device correspond to three spreading factors, namely spreading factor 0, spreading factor 1 and spreading factor 2.
  • the sending device sends multiple first signals on multiple frequency units or multiple time domain units, and the receiving device determines the measurement with the sending device based on the multiple first signals from the sending device; This enables low-power receivers to obtain measurement quantities based on Beacon signals.
  • Figure 16 is an interaction flow chart of another communication method provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 16, the method includes:
  • the sending device sends the first signal according to the highest coverage level, the maximum number of repetitions, or the maximum spreading factor.
  • the receiving device receives the first signal from the sending device.
  • the receiving device receives the first signal from the sending device using a low-power receiver.
  • the first signal supports reception in a non-coherent manner, or the first signal supports frequency conversion from radio frequency or intermediate frequency to baseband in a non-coherent manner.
  • the non-coherent method may be envelope detection, that is, each signal in the first signal adopts a modulation method that supports envelope detection.
  • the first signal supports reception through envelope detection.
  • the modulation mode of the first signal is any one of OOK, ASK, and FSK.
  • the receiving device may receive the first signal in a non-coherent manner.
  • the receiving device may non-coherently convert the first signal from radio frequency or intermediate frequency to baseband.
  • the lowest coverage level, the minimum number of repetitions, or the minimum spreading factor of the first signal is used as the measurement quantity.
  • the preset condition is that the receiving device correctly detects the first signal
  • the preset condition is that the receiving device correctly detects the first signal under a preset configuration assumption.
  • a signal, or the preset condition is that the first indicator is less than or equal to a threshold under a preset configuration assumption, and the first indicator is at least one of the following: the block error rate of the first signal, the first signal The packet error rate, the missed detection rate of the first signal, the false detection rate of the first signal, and the false alarm rate of the first signal.
  • the measurement quantity can be accurately determined based on the first signal through the preset conditions.
  • the channel quality between the receiving device and the sending device can be expressed as: when the receiving device can correctly detect the Beacon signal, the lowest coverage level of the Beacon signal, or the lowest repetition level, or the lowest spread spectrum factor.
  • Figure 17 is an example of another measurement mechanism based on Beacon signals provided by the embodiment of the present application. Referring to Figure 17, the Beacon signal contains 4 repetitions. Channel quality can be the minimum number of repetitions of the Beacon signal when the Beacon signal can be correctly detected by the receiving device.
  • the sending device sends the first signal according to the highest coverage level; when the receiving device correctly detects the first signal, the first signal The lowest coverage level determines the measurement quantity.
  • the measurement quantity can be the lowest coverage level of the Beacon signal when the Beacon signal can be correctly detected by the receiving device. If the receiving device can correctly detect the Beacon signal with spreading factor 2, but cannot correctly detect the Beacon signal with spreading factor 1 and 0, the receiving device determines that the measured quantity is spreading factor 2.
  • the first signal sent by the sending device corresponds to coverage level 2. Coverage level 0 indicates the best channel quality, and coverage level 2 indicates the worst channel quality. If the minimum coverage level when the receiving device can correctly detect the Beacon signal is coverage level 2, the receiving device determines that the measurement quantity is coverage level 2. If the minimum coverage level when the receiving device can correctly detect the Beacon signal is coverage level 1, the receiving device determines that the measurement quantity is coverage level 1.
  • the sending device sends the first signal according to the maximum number of repetitions; the receiving device determines the measurement quantity according to the minimum number of repetitions of the first signal when the first signal is correctly detected.
  • the measurement quantity can be the minimum repetition level of the Beacon signal when the receiving device can correctly detect the Beacon signal.
  • the first signal sent by the sending device corresponds to the repetition number 3.
  • a repetition number of 0 indicates the best channel quality, and a repetition number of 3 indicates the worst channel quality. If the minimum number of repetitions when the receiving device can correctly detect the Beacon signal is the number of repetitions 2, the receiving device determines that the measurement quantity is the number of repetitions 2. If the minimum number of repetitions when the receiving device can correctly detect the Beacon signal is the number of repetitions 1, the receiving device determines that the measurement quantity is the number of repetitions 1.
  • the sending device sends the first signal according to the maximum spreading factor; the receiving device determines the measurement quantity based on the minimum spreading factor of the first signal when the first signal is correctly detected.
  • the measurement quantity can be the minimum spreading factor of the Beacon signal when the receiving device can correctly detect the Beacon signal.
  • the first signal sent by the sending device corresponds to a spreading factor of 2.
  • a spreading factor of 0 indicates the best channel quality, and a spreading factor of 2 indicates the worst channel quality. If the minimum spreading factor when the receiving device can correctly detect the Beacon signal is spreading factor 1, the receiving device determines that the measured quantity is spreading factor 1. If the minimum spreading factor when the receiving device can correctly detect the Beacon signal is spreading factor 0, the receiving device determines that the measured quantity is spreading factor 0.
  • the measurement quantity is determined based on the lowest coverage level, the minimum number of repetitions or the minimum spreading factor of the first signal when the first signal is correctly detected, so that the receiving device that receives the first signal through a low-power receiver can achieve Channel measurement enables low-power receivers to obtain channel quality based on Beacon signals.
  • the receiving device may send the first capability information to the sending device.
  • the sending device may receive the first capability information from the receiving device.
  • the first capability information may include at least one of the following: whether to support energy harvesting, whether to support a low-power receiver, and whether to support backscatter communication.
  • the first capability information includes that the receiving device supports energy harvesting.
  • the receiving device supports energy collection may mean that the receiving device supports autonomously acquiring energy from the environment and can convert the energy into electrical energy.
  • the source of the energy may include at least one of the following: light, radio waves, temperature difference, vibration, motion, salinity gradient, wind, and current.
  • the receiving device can provide the energy generated through energy harvesting to its own signal processing or data storage circuit to maintain normal working conditions.
  • the first capability information includes that the receiving device supports a low-power receiver.
  • low-power receivers can avoid using RF modules with large power consumption, such as high-linearity mixers, voltage-controlled oscillators that can provide accurate local oscillator signals, etc. Therefore, low-power receivers can achieve higher performance. Low power consumption level.
  • the receiving device supports a low-power receiver may mean that the receiving device supports receiving signals in a non-coherent receiving manner.
  • the signal may be a signal from a transmitting device.
  • the non-coherent receiving method may be envelope detection, differential demodulation, etc.
  • the envelope detection can rectify the received high-frequency or intermediate-frequency signal through half-wave or full-wave rectification to obtain the envelope or amplitude line of the low-frequency original signal.
  • the receiving device can receive the signal using envelope detection to obtain the envelope of the original signal. After the receiving device digitally samples the envelope of the original signal, it can be compared with the amplitude or energy threshold set by the receiving device to determine whether the received signal is 1 or 0. It should be understood that the receiving device can also determine whether the received signal is 1 or 0 according to other methods, which is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the receiving device supporting a low-power receiver may mean that the receiving device has a low-power receiver, or the receiving device has both a low-power receiver and a traditional receiver.
  • traditional receivers are different from low-power receivers.
  • the receiver architecture of traditional receivers can be superheterodyne, zero-IF or low-IF, and can support coherent reception.
  • Traditional receivers need to use some high-performance and high-precision module circuits to ensure receiver performance, such as high-gain and high-linearity low-noise amplifiers, high-linearity mixers, and voltage-controlled oscillators that can provide accurate local oscillator signals. etc., these module circuits have higher power consumption, and within a certain period of time, the power consumption of traditional receivers is higher than that of low-power receivers.
  • the receiving device when the receiving device has both a low-power receiver and a traditional receiver, the receiving device can achieve energy saving by turning off the traditional receiver and turning on the low-power receiver.
  • the receiving device when the receiving device has both a low-power receiver and a traditional receiver, the receiving device can receive the wake-up signal through the low-power receiver and trigger the turn-on of the traditional receiver through the wake-up signal.
  • the wake-up signal may be sent by the sending device.
  • the first capability information includes that the receiving device supports backscatter communication.
  • the receiving device supporting backscatter communication may mean that the receiving device supports sending information to the sending device without an actively transmitting radio frequency link; or, the receiving device supporting backscatter communication may mean that the receiving device supports sending information when it has An actively transmitting radio frequency link sends information to the sending device without being turned on, that is, the receiving device mainly relies on an excitation device other than the sending device or a continuous carrier emitted by the sending device for modulation.
  • the receiving device can reflect part or all of the incident carrier waves by adjusting the impedance of the antenna of the receiving device; for another example, the receiving device can adjust the impedance of the antenna of the receiving device so as not to reflect the incident carrier waves; for another example, the receiving device can absorb The energy of the incident carrier wave.
  • the receiving device can modulate the digital information onto the incident carrier wave by adjusting the impedance of its own antenna and send it to the transmitting device.
  • the maximum bandwidth supported by the receiving device is limited.
  • One possible way is that the maximum upstream bandwidth supported by the receiving device does not exceed X1.
  • X1 may be a specific value.
  • X1 can be 20MHz, or X1 can be 5MHz, or X1 can be 3MHz, or X1 can be 1.4MHz, or X1 can be 1MHz, or X1 can be 720kHz, or X1 can be 540kHz, or X1 can be 360kHz, Or X1 can be 180kHz.
  • X1 may be the bandwidth occupied by K1 resource blocks, and K1 is a positive integer.
  • K1 may be a positive integer less than or equal to 11, or K1 may be a positive integer less than or equal to 25, or K1 may be a positive integer less than or equal to 51, or K1 may be a positive integer less than or equal to 106.
  • Another possible way is that the maximum downstream bandwidth supported by the receiving device does not exceed Y1.
  • Y1 may be a specific value.
  • Y1 can be 20MHz, or Y1 can be 5MHz, or Y1 can be 3MHz, or Y1 can be 1.4MHz, or Y1 can be 1MHz, or Y1 can be 720kHz, or Y1 can be 540kHz, or Y1 can be 360kHz, Or Y1 can be 180kHz.
  • Y1 may be the bandwidth occupied by K2 resource blocks, and K2 is a positive integer.
  • K2 may be a positive integer less than or equal to 11, or K2 may be a positive integer less than or equal to 25, or K2 may be a positive integer less than or equal to 51, or K2 may be a positive integer less than or equal to 106.
  • the maximum uplink bandwidth supported by the receiving device is less than or equal to the maximum downlink bandwidth supported by the receiving device.
  • the number of transmitting and/or receiving antennas supported by the receiving device is limited.
  • One possible way is that the number of transmitting antennas supported by the receiving device does not exceed X2.
  • X2 may be a specific value.
  • X2 could be 1, or X2 could be 2, or X2 could be 4.
  • Another possible way is that the number of branches of the transmitting antenna supported by the receiving device does not exceed X3.
  • X3 may be a specific value.
  • X3 could be 1, or X3 could be 2, or X3 could be 4.
  • Another possible way is that the number of receiving antennas supported by the receiving device does not exceed Y2.
  • Y2 may be a specific value.
  • Y2 could be 1, or Y2 could be 2, or Y2 could be 4.
  • Another possible way is that the number of branches of the transmitting antenna supported by the receiving device does not exceed Y3.
  • Y3 may be a specific value.
  • Y3 could be 1, or Y3 could be 2, or Y3 could be 4.
  • the number of transmitting antennas supported by the receiving device is greater than or equal to the number of receiving antennas supported by the receiving device.
  • the number of branches of the transmitting antenna supported by the receiving device is greater than or equal to the number of branches of the receiving antenna supported by the receiving device.
  • the number of branches of the receiving antenna can be expressed as “the number of radio frequency channels of the receiving antenna", or it can also be expressed as “the number of radio frequency chains of the receiving antenna”.
  • the number of branches of the transmitting antenna can be expressed as "the number of radio frequency channels of the transmitting antenna", or it can also be expressed as "the number of radio frequency chains of the transmitting antenna”.
  • the receiving device cannot simultaneously receive downlink and transmit uplink on the serving cell with the paired spectrum.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device 1800 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the communication device 1800 may correspond to the functions or steps implemented by the sending device in each of the above method embodiments, and may also correspond to the functions or steps implemented by the receiving device in each of the above method embodiments.
  • the communication device may include a processing module 1810 and a transceiver module 1820.
  • a storage unit may also be included, which may be used to store instructions (code or programs) and/or data.
  • the processing module 1810 and the transceiver module 1820 can be connected to the storage unit Meta-coupling, for example, the processing module 1810 can read the instructions (code or program) and/or data in the storage unit to implement the corresponding method.
  • the transceiver module 1820 may include a sending module and a receiving module.
  • the sending module can be a transmitter
  • the receiving module can be a receiver.
  • the entity corresponding to the transceiver module 1820 may be a transceiver or a communication interface.
  • the communication device 1800 can correspondingly implement the behaviors and functions of the sending device in the above method embodiments.
  • the communication device 1800 may be a sending device, or may be a component (such as a chip or a circuit) used in the sending device.
  • the transceiver module 1820 may, for example, be used to perform all receiving or sending operations performed by the sending device in the embodiments of FIG. 5, FIG. 13, and FIG. 16, such as step 502 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, and step 502 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 13. Step 1301 in the embodiment, step 1601 in the embodiment shown in Figure 16, and/or other processes used to support the techniques described herein.
  • the processing module 1810 is configured to perform all operations performed by the sending device in the embodiments of FIG. 5, FIG. 13, and FIG. 16 except for the sending and receiving operations, such as step 501 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 5.
  • the communication device 1800 can correspondingly implement the behaviors and functions of the receiving device in the above method embodiments.
  • the communication device 1800 may be a receiving device, or may be a component (such as a chip or circuit) used in the receiving device.
  • the transceiver module 1820 may, for example, be used to perform all receiving or sending operations performed by the receiving device in the embodiments of FIG. 5, FIG. 13, and FIG. 16, such as step 502 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, step 502 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 13 Step 1301 in the embodiment, step 1601 in the embodiment shown in Figure 16, and/or other processes used to support the techniques described herein.
  • the processing module 1810 is used to perform all operations performed by the receiving device except for the sending and receiving operations, such as step 503 in the embodiment shown in Figure 5, step 1302 in the embodiment shown in Figure 13, and step 1302 in the embodiment shown in Figure 16 Step 1602 in the embodiment.
  • Figure 19 is a schematic structural diagram of another communication device 190 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the communication device in FIG. 19 may be the above-mentioned sending device or the above-mentioned receiving device.
  • the communication device 190 includes at least one processor 1910 and a transceiver 1920 .
  • the processor 1910 and the transceiver 1920 may be used to perform functions or operations performed by the transmitting device, and the like.
  • the transceiver 1920 performs, for example, all receiving or transmitting operations performed by the transmitting device in the embodiments of FIG. 5, FIG. 13, and FIG. 16.
  • the processor 1910 is, for example, configured to perform all operations performed by the sending device in the embodiments of FIG. 5, FIG. 13, and FIG. 16 except for the sending and receiving operations.
  • the processor 1910 and the transceiver 1920 may be used to perform functions or operations performed by the receiving device, and the like.
  • the transceiver 1920 performs, for example, all receiving or transmitting operations performed by the receiving device in the embodiments of FIG. 5, FIG. 13, and FIG. 16.
  • the processor 1910 is configured to perform all operations performed by the receiving device except for transceiver operations.
  • Transceiver 1920 is used to communicate with other devices/devices over transmission media.
  • the processor 1910 uses the transceiver 1920 to send and receive data and/or signaling, and is used to implement the method in the above method embodiment.
  • the processor 1910 can implement the function of the processing module 1810, and the transceiver 1920 can implement the function of the transceiver module 1820.
  • the transceiver 1920 may include a radio frequency circuit and an antenna.
  • the radio frequency circuit is mainly used for conversion of baseband signals and radio frequency signals and processing of radio frequency signals.
  • Antennas are mainly used to send and receive radio frequency signals in the form of electromagnetic waves.
  • Input and output devices such as touch screens, display screens, keyboards, etc., are mainly used to receive data input by users and output data to users.
  • the communication device 190 may also include at least one memory 1930 for storing program instructions and/or data.
  • Memory 1930 and processor 1910 are coupled.
  • the coupling in the embodiment of this application is an indirect coupling or communication connection between devices, units or modules, which may be in electrical, mechanical or other forms, and is used for information interaction between devices, units or modules.
  • the processor 1910 may cooperate with the memory 1930.
  • Processor 1910 may execute program instructions stored in memory 1930. At least one of the at least one memory may be included in the processor.
  • the processor 1910 can read the software program in the memory 1930, interpret and execute the instructions of the software program, and process the data of the software program.
  • the processor 1910 performs baseband processing on the data to be sent, and then outputs the baseband signal to the radio frequency circuit.
  • the radio frequency circuit performs radio frequency processing on the baseband signal and then sends the radio frequency signal out in the form of electromagnetic waves through the antenna.
  • the radio frequency circuit receives the radio frequency signal through the antenna, converts the radio frequency signal into a baseband signal, and outputs the baseband signal to the processor 1910.
  • the processor 1910 converts the baseband signal into data and performs processing on the data. deal with.
  • the above-mentioned radio frequency circuit and antenna can be arranged independently of the processor that performs baseband processing.
  • the radio frequency circuit and antenna can be arranged remotely and independently of the communication device.
  • connection medium between the above-mentioned transceiver 1920, processor 1910 and memory 1930 is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the memory 1930, the processor 1910 and the transceiver 1920 are connected through a bus 1940 in Figure 19.
  • the bus is represented by a thick line in Figure 19.
  • the connection methods between other components are only schematically explained. , is not limited.
  • the bus can be divided into address bus, data bus, control bus, etc. For ease of presentation, only one thick line is used in Figure 19, but it does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.
  • the processor may be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor, an application-specific integrated circuit, a field programmable gate array or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic device, or a discrete hardware component, which may implement or Execute each method, step and logical block diagram disclosed in the embodiment of this application.
  • a general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor, etc. The steps of the methods disclosed in conjunction with the embodiments of the present application can be directly implemented by a hardware processor for execution, or can be executed by a combination of hardware and software modules in the processor.
  • Figure 20 is a schematic structural diagram of another communication device 200 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the communication device shown in FIG. 20 includes a logic circuit 2001 and an interface 2002 .
  • the processing module 1810 in Figure 18 can be implemented by the logic circuit 2001, and the transceiver module 1820 in Figure 18 can be implemented by the interface 2002.
  • the logic circuit 2001 can be a chip, a processing circuit, an integrated circuit or a system on chip (SoC) chip, etc.
  • the interface 2002 can be a communication interface, an input-output interface, etc.
  • the logic circuit and the interface may also be coupled to each other. The embodiments of this application do not limit the specific connection methods of the logic circuits and interfaces.
  • the logic circuit and interface may be used to perform the functions or operations performed by the above-mentioned sending device, etc.
  • the logic circuit and interface may be used to perform the functions or operations performed by the above-mentioned receiving device, etc.
  • This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores computer programs or instructions.
  • the computer program or instructions When the computer program or instructions are run on a computer, the computer is caused to execute the method of the above embodiments.
  • the computer program product includes instructions or computer programs. When the instructions or computer programs are run on a computer, the methods in the above embodiments are executed.
  • This application also provides a communication system, including the above-mentioned sending device and the above-mentioned receiving device.

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Abstract

本申请实施例公开了一种通信方法和相关装置，该方法包括：生成第一信号，所述第一信号用于实现以下至少一项功能：小区搜索、时间同步、频率同步、时间跟踪、频率跟踪、测量；发送所述第一信号。本申请实施例中，第一信号支持通过包络检波的方式接收。通过发送支持通过包络检波的方式接收的第一信号，以便接收设备通过包络检波的方式接收该第一信号，并利用该第一信号实现小区搜索、时间同步、频率同步、时间跟踪、频率跟踪、测量中的至少一项功能，能够降低功耗。

Description

通信方法和相关装置
本申请要求于2022年8月26日提交中国专利局、申请号为202211043601.1、申请名称为“通信方法和相关装置”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及通信领域，尤其涉及通信方法和相关装置。
背景技术
随着5G新空口(new radio，NR)***、机器类型通信(machine-type communication，MTC)和物联网(Internet of things，IoT)通信的普及，越来越多的IoT设备已经部署在人们的生活中。例如：智能水表、共享单车、智慧城市、环境监测、智能家居、森林防火等以传感和数据采集为目标的设备等等。而未来，IoT设备将是无处不在的，可能会嵌入每一件衣服、每一个包裹、每一把钥匙，几乎所有的离线物品都将在物联网技术的赋能下实现在线。但与此同时，由于IoT设备分布范围广泛、数量众多，所以实现万物互联的过程也给产业界带来了不小的挑战，首当其冲的便是供电问题。目前，IoT仍然主要由运营商推动，IoT模块需要使用标准蜂窝协议与基站通讯。由于基站需要覆盖尽可能大的面积，因此IoT模块需要能做到在距离基站很远时仍能进行通信，这就使得IoT设备在无线通信时仍然需要消耗高达30mA的电流，所以目前的IoT模块仍然需要使用较高容量的电池才能工作，这也导致了IoT模块的尺寸很难做小，增加了IoT设备的成本。
此外，一些低功耗终端在医疗、智能家居、工业传感器、可穿戴设备等物联网应用中发挥着重要作用。然而，由于这类终端尺寸大小有限，如果要延长这些终端的运行时间，很难通过提高电池容量来实现。要实现延长终端的续航时间，需降低无线通信的功耗。其中，无线电收发器则是最耗电的组件之一。因此需要研究如何降低终端上的无线电收发器的功耗。
发明内容
本申请实施例公开了一种通信方法和相关装置，能够将降低终端的功耗。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供一种通信方法，该方法包括：生成第一信号，所述第一信号用于实现以下至少一项功能：小区搜索、时间同步、频率同步、时间跟踪、频率跟踪、测量(例如信道测量)；发送所述第一信号。可选的，第一信号支持通过包络检波的方式接收。或者说，所述第一信号中的各信号均采用支持包络检波的调制方式。第一信号可视为专门为低功耗接收机设计的用于实现小区搜索、时间同步、频率同步、时间跟踪、频率跟踪、测量中的至少一项功能的信号。本申请中，低功耗接收机可采用包络检波器完成下变频操作，得到基带信号。或者说，本申请中，低功耗接收机没有采用能提供精确本振信号的压控振荡器。本申请中，第一信号可称为Beacon信号，或，同步信号，或，同步广播信号，或参考信号等，本申请不作限定。
本申请实施例中，通过发送第一信号，以便接收设备接收该第一信号，并利用该第一信号实现小区搜索、时间同步、频率同步、时间跟踪、频率跟踪、测量中的至少一项功能，能够降低功耗。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一信号支持按照非相干的方式接收，或者，所述第一信号支持以非相干的方式从射频或中频变频到基带。例如，非相干的方式可以是包络检波。
在该实现方式中，第一信号支持按照非相干的方式接收，或者，第一信号支持以非相干的方式从射频或中频变频到基带；以便接收设备利用低功耗接收机成功接收该第一信号，能够降低功耗。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一信号的调制方式为通断键控(on-off keying，OOK)、振幅键控(amplitude shift keying，ASK)、频移键控(frequency-shift keying，FSK)中的任一种。振幅键控又称移幅键控。
在该实现方式中，第一信号的调制方式为OOK、ASK、FSK中的任一种，以便接收设备利用低功耗接收机成功接收该第一信号，能够降低功耗。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一信号包括第二信号和/或第三信号，所述第二信号为前导信号或主同步信号，所述第三信号为辅同步信号(secondary synchronization signal，SSS)或物理广播信道(physical  broadcast channel，PBCH)。
在该实现方式中，第一信号包括第二信号和/或第三信号，以便实现小区搜索、时间同步、频率同步、时间跟踪、频率跟踪、测量中的任一项功能。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一信号包括所述第二信号和所述第三信号，所述第二信号由一个基序列通过重复或扩频的方式生成，所述第三信号的起始时域位置根据所述第二信号支持的最大时域长度的结束位置确定。
在该实现方式中，第三信号的起始时域位置根据第二信号支持的最大时域长度的结束位置确定，能够避免发送设备和接收设备关于第二信号的时域结束位置的理解不一致的问题，以便正确接收第三信号。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第三信号用于指示所述第二信号的重复次数、所述第二信号对应的覆盖等级、所述第二信号对应的扩频因子、所述第二信号的时域长度中的至少一项。
在该实现方式中，进一步保证发送设备和接收设备关于第二信号的时域结束位置的理解一致。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一信号包括第二信号和第三信号，所述第二信号用于实现时间同步或频率同步，所述第三信号携带如下至少一项：标识信息、周期信息、第一帧号、第一超帧号、第一周期索引、第二周期索引，所述标识信息为小区标识或发送设备的标识，周期信息为发送设备发送所述第一信号的周期，所述第一帧号为所述第一信号占用的多帧中的一帧的帧号，所述第一超帧号为所述第一信号所在超帧的超帧号，所述第一周期索引为一个超帧内所述第一信号的周期的索引，所述第二周期索引为一个超帧或寻呼时间窗内所述第一信号所在的寻呼周期的索引。
在该实现方式中，第三信号携带如下至少一项：标识信息、周期信息、第一帧号、第一超帧号、第一周期索引、第二周期索引；以便接收设备得到相应的参数。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第二信号未携带信息。
接收设备(可称为接收设备)在和发送设备(可称为发送设备)通信前，需要先通过第二信号获取时间和/或频率的同步。因此，第二信号可以认为是接收设备和发送设备建立通信的第一步，此时接收设备和发送设备的时间和频率还没有同步，接收设备需要在较大的时间和频率范围内执行相关运算，以正确检测第二信号。为了降低接收设备检测第二信号的复杂度，第二信号可以不携带信息，接收设备利用第二信号获取时间和/或频率同步之后，不再需要在较大的时间和频率范围内执行相关运算，此时没有检测复杂度的问题。在该实现方式中，第二信号未携带信息，利用第二信号获取时间和/或频率同步之后，不再需要在较大的时间和频率范围内执行相关运算，此时没有检测复杂度的问题。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第三信号包括第一指示信息，所述第一指示信息用于指示所述第一信号包括或不包括所述下行数据。或者说，所述第一指示信息用于指示所述第三信号的结束位置之后是否包括下行数据。或者，所述下行数据包括第二指示信息，所述第二指示信息用于指示所述第一信号包括或不包括所述第三信号。
在该实现方式中，可以使得接收设备准确地区分第一信号和下行数据在时域上是否存在重叠。或者说，使得接收设备准确区分第一信号是否包括下行数据。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一信号包括第二信号、第三信号以及下行数据，所述第二信号为前导信号或主同步信号，所述第三信号为辅同步信号SSS或PBCH，所述第三信号作为所述下行数据的前导信号。所述第三信号作为所述下行数据的前导信号可替换为：所述下行数据的前导信号作为主同步信号。第一信号和下行数据在时域上有重叠时，第一信号和下行数据可以复用在一起。第三信号作为下行数据的前导信号，可以节省前导信号的开销。或者说，第三信号作为下行数据的前导信号，可以节省第二信号的开销。
在该实现方式中，第三信号作为下行数据的前导信号，可以节省前导信号的开销。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第三信号为序列形式，例如SSS，所述第三信号的序列用于指示所述第一信号包括或不包括所述第三信号。可理解，所述第三信号通过不同的序列来指示第一信号是否有下行数据。
在该实现方式中，第三信号的序列用于指示第一信号包括或不包括所述第三信号，可以使得接收设备准确地区分第一信号和下行数据在时域上是否存在重叠。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第三信号为经过编码调制的数据形式，所述第三信号中的一个字段不同的状态值来指示所述第一信号是否有下行数据。也就是说，第三信号为经过编码调制的数据形式时，比如PBCH，可以通过一个字段不同的状态值来指示是否有下行数据。
在该实现方式中，第三信号中的一个字段不同的状态值来指示第一信号是否有下行数据，可以使得接 收设备准确地区分第一信号和下行数据在时域上是否存在重叠。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一信号的保护带的带宽大于或等于下行数据的保护带的带宽。
低功耗接收机如果采用不定中频结构，提供本振信号的环形振荡器的频率偏移较大。为了保证接收设备正确接收第一信号，第一信号两侧需要预留较大的保护带。接收设备接收完第一信号后，根据第一信号完成频率校准(包括频率偏差估计及补偿)后，环形振荡器的频率偏移得到改善，此时下行数据可采用较小的保护带，以提到频谱资源利用率。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述发送所述第一信号包括：在多个频率单元或多个时域单元上发送多个所述第一信号，所述多个第一信号中的任意两个对应不同的覆盖等级、重复等级或扩频因子，所述多个第一信号用于接收设备确定测量量，所述测量量为满足预设条件时，所述第一信号的最低覆盖等级、最小重复次数或最小扩频因子。需要注意，多个所述第一信号的表述中，第一信号为泛指，多个第一信号满足任意权利要求中的信号特征，但并非同一个信号。例如，多个第一信号的调制方式均为OOK或FSK，该多个第一信号中的任意两个对应不同的覆盖等级、重复等级或扩频因子。
在该实现方式中，在多个频率单元或多个时域单元上发送多个第一信号，以便接收设备根据该多个第一信号确定测量量。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述发送所述第一信号包括：按照最高覆盖等级、最大重复次数或者最大扩频因子，发送所述第一信号；所述第一信号用于接收设备确定测量量，所述测量量为满足预设条件时，所述第一信号的最低覆盖等级、最小重复次数或最小扩频因子。
在该实现方式中，按照最高覆盖等级、最大重复次数或者最大扩频因子，发送第一信号，以便接收设备根据该第一信号确定测量量。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述预设条件为所述接收设备正确检测所述第一信号，或者，所述预设条件为所述接收设备在预设配置假设下正确检测所述第一信号，或者，所述预设条件为预设配置假设下第一指标小于或等于阈值，所述第一指标为以下至少一项：所述第一信号的误块率，所述第一信号的误包率，所述第一信号的漏检率，所述第一信号的错检率，所述第一信号的虚警率。
在该实现方式中，通过预设条件可以准确地根据第一信号确定测量量。
在一种可能的实现方式中，在生成第一信号之前，所述方法还包括：根据自身的负载情况或者资源占用情况，确定所述第二信号的格式。
考虑到不同接收设备和发送设备之间的距离不同，信道条件不同，第二信号可以采用不同的格式，不同格式的第二信号分别对应不同的信道条件。或者，不同格式的第二信号分别对应不同的覆盖等级。或者，不同格式的第二信号分别对应不同的重复等级。不同格式的第二信号可以为长度不同的序列。或者，不同格式的第二信号可以为相同序列下不同的重复次数。或者，不同格式的第二信号为相同序列下不同的扩频因子。
在该实现方式中，根据自身的负载情况或者资源占用情况，确定发送的所述第二信号的格式，以便满足不同通信场景的需求。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述方法还包括：接收来自接收设备的第一能力信息；所述第一能力信息可以包括以下至少一项：是否支持能量收集、是否支持低功耗接收机、是否支持反向散射通信；根据所述第一能力信息与所述接收设备进行通信。
在该实现方式中，根据来自接收设备的第一能力信息进行通信，可以提升通信质量。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述方法还包括：接收来自接收设备的第一能力信息，所述第一能力信息指示接收设备支持低功耗接收机；所述生成第一信号包括：根据所述第一能力信息，生成所述第一信号。
在该实现方法中，根据第一能力信息，生成第一信号；能够降低功耗。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供另一种通信方法，该方法包括：接收第一信号；利用第一信号实现以下至少一项功能：小区搜索、时间同步、频率同步、时间跟踪、频率跟踪、测量(例如信道测量)。可选的，通过包络检波的方式接收第一信号。第二方面的通信方法的执行主体为接收设备。可选的，第二方面的通信方法的执行主体为具备传统接收机和低功耗接收机，但当前只有低功耗接收机处于开启状态，而传统接收机处于关闭状态的发送设备。可选的，第二方面的通信方法的执行主体为只具备低功耗接收机的接收设备。应理解，接收设备通过低功率接收机可实现第二方面的通信方法，以便减低功耗。
本申请实施例中，接收第一信号，并利用该第一信号实现小区搜索、时间同步、频率同步、时间跟踪、频率跟踪、测量中的至少一项功能，能够降低功耗。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一信号支持按照非相干的方式接收，或者，所述第一信号支持以非 相干的方式从射频或中频变频到基带。例如，非相干的方式可以是包络检波。接收第一信号可以是：按照非相干的方式接收所述第一信号，或者，以非相干的方式将所述第一信号从射频或中频变频到基带。或者说，利用低功耗接收机接收第一信号。
在该实现方式中，第一信号支持按照非相干的方式接收，或者，第一信号支持以非相干的方式从射频或中频变频到基带；以便接收设备利用低功耗接收机成功接收该第一信号，能够降低功耗。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一信号的调制方式为通断键控(on-off keying，OOK)、振幅键控(amplitude shift keying，ASK)、频移键控(frequency-shift keying，FSK)中的任一种。振幅键控又称移幅键控。
在该实现方式中，第一信号的调制方式为OOK、ASK、FSK中的任一种，以便接收设备利用低功耗接收机成功接收该第一信号，能够降低功耗。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一信号包括第二信号和/或第三信号，所述第二信号为前导信号或主同步信号，所述第三信号为辅同步信号SSS或物理广播信道PBCH。
在该实现方式中，第一信号包括第二信号和/或第三信号，利用该第一信号可实现小区搜索、时间同步、频率同步、时间跟踪、频率跟踪、测量中的任一项功能。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一信号包括所述第二信号和所述第三信号，所述第二信号由一个基序列通过重复或扩频的方式生成，所述第三信号的起始时域位置根据所述第二信号支持的最大时域长度的结束位置确定。
在该实现方式中，第三信号的起始时域位置根据第二信号支持的最大时域长度的结束位置确定，能够避免发送设备和接收设备关于第二信号的时域结束位置的理解不一致的问题，以便正确接收第三信号。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第三信号用于指示所述第二信号的重复次数、所述第二信号对应的覆盖等级、所述第二信号对应的扩频因子、所述第二信号的时域长度中的至少一项。
在该实现方式中，进一步保证发送设备和接收设备关于第二信号的时域结束位置的理解一致。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一信号包括第二信号和第三信号，所述第二信号用于实现时间同步或频率同步，所述第三信号携带如下至少一项：标识信息、周期信息、第一帧号、第一超帧号、第一周期索引、第二周期索引，所述标识信息为小区标识或发送设备的标识，周期信息为发送设备发送所述第一信号的周期，所述第一帧号为所述第一信号占用的多帧中的一帧的帧号，所述第一超帧号为所述第一信号所在超帧的超帧号，所述第一周期索引为一个超帧内所述第一信号的周期的索引，所述第二周期索引为一个超帧或寻呼时间窗内所述第一信号所在的寻呼周期的索引。
在该实现方式中，第三信号携带如下至少一项：标识信息、周期信息、第一帧号、第一超帧号、第一周期索引、第二周期索引；接收设备根据该第三信号可得到相应的参数。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第二信号未携带信息。
在该实现方式中，第二信号未携带信息，接收设备利用第二信号获取时间和/或频率同步之后，不再需要在较大的时间和频率范围内执行相关运算，此时没有检测复杂度的问题。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第三信号包括第一指示信息，所述第一指示信息用于指示所述第一信号包括或不包括所述下行数据，或者，所述下行数据包括第二指示信息，所述第二指示信息用于指示所述第一信号包括或不包括所述第三信号。
在该实现方式中，接收设备可准确地区分第一信号和下行数据在时域上是否存在重叠。或者说，接收设备可准确区分第一信号是否包括下行数据。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一信号包括第二信号、第三信号以及下行数据，所述第二信号为前导信号或主同步信号，所述第三信号为辅同步信号SSS或PBCH，所述第三信号作为所述下行数据的前导信号。
在该实现方式中，第三信号作为下行数据的前导信号，可以节省前导信号的开销。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第三信号为序列形式，例如SSS，所述第三信号的序列用于指示所述第一信号包括或不包括所述第三信号。
在该实现方式中，第三信号的序列用于指示第一信号包括或不包括所述第三信号，接收设备可准确地区分第一信号和下行数据在时域上是否存在重叠。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第三信号为经过编码调制的数据形式，所述第三信号中的一个字段不同的状态值来指示所述第一信号是否有下行数据。
在该实现方式中，第三信号中的一个字段不同的状态值来指示第一信号是否有下行数据，接收设备可 准确地区分第一信号和下行数据在时域上是否存在重叠。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一信号的保护带的带宽大于或等于下行数据的保护带的带宽。
低功耗接收机如果采用不定中频结构，提供本振信号的环形振荡器的频率偏移较大。为了保证接收设备正确接收第一信号，第一信号两侧需要预留较大的保护带。接收设备接收完第一信号后，根据第一信号完成频率校准(包括频率偏差估计及补偿)后，环形振荡器的频率偏移得到改善，此时下行数据可采用较小的保护带，以提到频谱资源利用率。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述接收所述第一信号包括：在多个频率单元或多个时域单元上接收多个所述第一信号，所述多个第一信号中的任意两个对应不同的覆盖等级、重复等级或扩频因子；将满足预设条件时，所述第一信号的最低覆盖等级、最小重复次数或最小扩频因子作为测量量。
在该实现方式中，在多个频率单元或多个时域单元上接收多个所述第一信号，将满足预设条件时，第一信号的最低覆盖等级、最小重复次数或最小扩频因子作为测量量；可以准确地确定测量量。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一信号为发送设备按照最高覆盖等级、最大重复次数或者最大扩频因子发送的；所述接收所述第一信号包括：将满足预设条件时，所述第一信号的最低覆盖等级、最小重复次数或最小扩频因子作为测量量。
在该实现方式中，将满足预设条件时，第一信号的最低覆盖等级、最小重复次数或最小扩频因子作为测量量，可使得接收设备实现信道测量。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述预设条件为所述接收设备正确检测所述第一信号，或者，所述预设条件为所述接收设备在预设配置假设下正确检测所述第一信号，或者，所述预设条件为预设配置假设下第一指标小于或等于阈值，所述第一指标为以下至少一项：所述第一信号的误块率，所述第一信号的误包率，所述第一信号的漏检率，所述第一信号的错检率，所述第一信号的虚警率。
在该实现方式中，通过预设条件可以准确地根据第一信号确定测量量。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述方法还包括：向发送设备发送第一能力信息，所述第一能力信息可以包括以下至少一项：是否支持能量收集、是否支持低功耗接收机、是否支持反向散射通信。
在该实现方式中，向发送设备发送第一能力信息，以便与发送设备更好的通信。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述方法还包括：向发送设备发送第一能力信息，所述第一能力信息指示所述接收设备支持低功耗接收机。
在该实现方式中，向发送设备发送第一能力信息，以便节省功耗。
一种可能的方式，接收设备支持的最大上行带宽不超过X1。
另一种可能的方式，接收设备支持的最大下行带宽不超过Y1。
一种可能的方式，接收设备支持的发送天线数不超过X2。
另一种可能的方式，接收设备支持的发送天线的分支数不超过X3。
另一种可能的方式，接收设备支持的接收天线数不超过Y2。
另一种可能的方式，接收设备支持的发送天线的分支数不超过Y3。
第三方面，本申请实施例提供一种通信装置，该通信装置具有实现上述第一方面方法实施例中的行为的功能。该通信装置(发送设备)可以是通信设备，也可以是通信设备的部件(例如处理器、芯片、或芯片***等)，还可以是能实现全部或部分该通信设备的功能的逻辑模块或软件。该通信装置的功能可以通过硬件实现，也可以通过硬件执行相应的软件实现，该硬件或软件包括一个或多个与上述功能相对应的模块或单元。在一种可能的实现方式中，该通信装置包括处理模块和收发模块，其中：所述处理模块，用于生成第一信号，所述第一信号用于实现以下至少一项功能：小区搜索、时间同步、频率同步、时间跟踪、频率跟踪、测量；所述收发模块，用于发送所述第一信号。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述收发模块，具体用于在多个频率单元或多个时域单元上发送多个所述第一信号，所述多个第一信号中的任意两个对应不同的覆盖等级、重复等级或扩频因子，所述多个第一信号用于接收设备确定测量量，所述测量量为满足预设条件时，所述第一信号的最低覆盖等级、最小重复次数或最小扩频因子。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述收发模块，具体用于按照最高覆盖等级、最大重复次数或者最大扩频因子，发送所述第一信号；所述第一信号用于接收设备确定测量量，所述测量量为满足预设条件时，所述第一信号的最低覆盖等级、最小重复次数或最小扩频因子。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述处理模块，还用于根据自身的负载情况或者资源占用情况，确定所述第二信号的格式。
第三方面的通信装置可能的实现方式可参见第一方面的各种可能的实现方式。
关于第三方面的各种可能的实现方式所带来的技术效果，可参考对于第一方面或第一方面的各种可能的实现方式的技术效果的介绍。
第四方面，本申请实施例提供一种通信装置，该通信装置具有实现上述第二方面方法实施例中的行为的功能。该通信装置(发送设备)可以是通信设备，也可以是通信设备的部件(例如处理器、芯片、或芯片***等)，还可以是能实现全部或部分该通信设备的功能的逻辑模块或软件。该通信装置的功能可以通过硬件实现，也可以通过硬件执行相应的软件实现，该硬件或软件包括一个或多个与上述功能相对应的模块或单元。在一种可能的实现方式中，该通信装置包括处理模块和收发模块，其中：所述收发模块，用于接收第一信号；所述处理模块，用于利用第一信号实现以下至少一项功能：小区搜索、时间同步、频率同步、时间跟踪、频率跟踪、测量。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述收发模块，具体用于在多个频率单元或多个时域单元上接收多个所述第一信号，所述多个第一信号中的任意两个对应不同的覆盖等级、重复等级或扩频因子；所述处理模块，还用于将满足预设条件时，所述第一信号的最低覆盖等级、最小重复次数或最小扩频因子作为测量量。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一信号为发送设备按照最高覆盖等级、最大重复次数或者最大扩频因子发送的；所述处理模块，还用于将满足预设条件时，所述第一信号的最低覆盖等级、最小重复次数或最小扩频因子作为测量量。
第四方面的通信装置可能的实现方式可参见第二方面的各种可能的实现方式。
关于第四方面的各种可能的实现方式所带来的技术效果，可参考对于第二方面或第二方面的各种可能的实现方式的技术效果的介绍。
第五方面，本申请实施例提供另一种通信装置，该通信装置包括处理器，该处理器与存储器耦合，该存储器用于存储程序或指令，当该程序或指令被该处理器执行时，使得该通信装置执行上述第一方面或第一方面的任意可能的实现方式所示的方法，或者，使得该通信装置执行上述第二方面或第二方面的任意可能的实现方式所示的方法。
本申请实施例中，在执行上述方法的过程中，上述方法中有关发送信息(或信号)的过程，可以理解为基于处理器的指令进行输出信息的过程。在输出信息时，处理器将信息输出给收发器，以便由收发器进行发射。该信息在由处理器输出之后，还可能需要进行其他的处理，然后到达收发器。类似的，处理器接收输入的信息时，收发器接收该信息，并将其输入处理器。更进一步的，在收发器收到该信息之后，该信息可能需要进行其他的处理，然后才输入处理器。
对于处理器所涉及的发送和/或接收等操作，如果没有特殊说明，或者，如果未与其在相关描述中的实际作用或者内在逻辑相抵触，则可以一般性的理解为基于处理器的指令输出。
在实现过程中，上述处理器可以是专门用于执行这些方法的处理器，也可以是执行存储器中的计算机指令来执行这些方法的处理器，例如通用处理器等。例如，处理器还可以用于执行存储器中存储的程序，当该程序被执行时，使得该通信装置执行如上述第一方面或第一方面的任意可能的实现方式所示的方法。
在一种可能的实现方式中，存储器位于上述通信装置之外。在一种可能的实现方式中，存储器位于上述通信装置之内。
在一种可能的实现方式中，处理器和存储器还可能集成于一个器件中，即处理器和存储器还可能被集成于一起。
在一种可能的实现方式中，通信装置还包括收发器，该收发器，用于接收信号或发送信号等。
第六方面，本申请提供另一种通信装置，该通信装置包括处理电路和接口电路，该接口电路用于获取数据或输出数据；处理电路用于执行如上述第一方面或第一方面的任意可能的实现方式所示的方法，或者，执行如上述第二方面或第二方面的任意可能的实现方式所示的方法。
第七方面，本申请提供一种计算机可读存储介质，该计算机可读存储介质中存储有计算机程序，该计算机程序包括程序指令，该程序指令被执行时使得计算机执行如上述第一方面或第一方面的任意可能的实现方式所示的方法，或者，执行如上述第二方面或第二方面的任意可能的实现方式所示的方法。
第八方面，本申请提供一种计算机程序产品，该计算机程序产品包括计算机程序，该计算机程序包括程序指令，该程序指令被执行时使得计算机执行如上述第一方面或第一方面的任意可能的实现方式所示的方法，或者，执行如上述第二方面或第二方面的任意可能的实现方式所示的方法。
第九方面，本申请提供一种通信***，包括上述第三方面或第三方面的任意可能的实现方式所述的通信装置、上述第四方面或第四方面的任意可能的实现方式所述的通信装置。
第十方面，本申请提供一种芯片，包括处理器与通信接口，所述处理器通过所述通信接口读取存储器上存储的指令，执行如上述第一方面至上述第六方面中的任一方面所示的方法，或者，执行如上述第二方面或第二方面的任意可能的实现方式所示的方法。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或背景技术中的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例或背景技术中所需要使用的附图进行说明。
图1为一种基于射频调谐结构的低功耗接收机示意图；
图2为一种基于不定中频结构的低功耗接收机示意图；
图3为一种SSB的结构示意图的示例；
图4为本申请实施例提供的一种通信***的示例；
图5为本申请实施例提供的一种通信交互方法流程图；
图6为本申请实施例提供的一种第一信号的帧结构示意图；
图7为本申请实施例提供的另一种第一信号的帧结构示意图；
图8为本申请实施例提供的另一种第一信号的帧结构示意图；
图9为本申请实施例提供的一种Beacon信号指示帧号的示意图；
图10为本申请实施例提供的一种Beacon周期索引示意图；
图11为本申请实施例提供的一种Beacon信号和下行数据的时域复用示意图；
图12为本申请实施例提供的一种Beacon信号的频域资源示意图；
图13为本申请实施例提供的另一种通信方法交互流程图；
图14为本申请实施例提供的一种基于Beacon信号的测量机制的示例；
图15为本申请实施例提供的另一种基于Beacon信号的测量机制的示例；
图16为本申请实施例提供的另一种通信方法交互流程图；
图17为本申请实施例提供的另一种基于Beacon信号的测量机制的示例；
图18为本申请实施例提供的一种通信装置1800的结构示意图；
图19为本申请实施例提供的另一种通信装置190的结构示意图；
图20为本申请实施例提供的另一种通信装置200的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
本申请的说明书、权利要求书及附图中的术语“第一”和“第二”等仅用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序。此外，术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。例如包含了一系列步骤或单元的过程、方法、***、产品或设备等，没有限定于已列出的步骤或单元，而是可选地还包括没有列出的步骤或单元等，或可选地还包括对于这些过程、方法、产品或设备等固有的其它步骤或单元。
在本文中提及的“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员可以显式地和隐式地理解的是，本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
本申请以下实施例中所使用的术语只是为了描述特定实施例的目的，而并非旨在作为对本申请的限制。如在本申请的说明书和所附权利要求书中所使用的那样，单数表达形式“一个”、“一种”、“所述”、“上述”、“该”和“这一”旨在也包括复数表达形式，除非其上下文中明确地有相反指示。还应当理解，本申请中使用的术语“和/或”是指并包含一个或多个所列出项目的任何或所有可能组合。例如，“A和/或B”可以表示：只存在A，只存在B以及同时存在A和B三种情况，其中A，B可以是单数或者复数。本申请中使用的术语“多个”是指两个或两个以上。
可以理解，在本申请各实施例中，“A对应的B”表示A与B存在对应关系，根据A可以确定B。但还应理解，根据(或基于)A确定(或生成)B并不意味着仅仅根据(或基于)A确定(或生成)B，还可以根据(或基于)A和/或其它信息确定(或生成)B。
如背景技术部分所述，一些低功耗终端在医疗、智能家居、工业传感器、可穿戴设备等物联网应用中 发挥着重要作用。然而，由于这类终端尺寸大小有限，如果要延长这些终端的运行时间，很难通过提高电池容量来实现。要实现延长终端的续航时间，需降低无线通信的功耗。其中，无线电收发器则是最耗电的组件之一。因此需要研究如何降低终端上的无线电收发器的功耗。
在3GPP Release-18版本的标准讨论中，低功耗研究称为多数公司关注的焦点。围绕低功耗研究，3GPP通过了两个研究项目，一个是NR低功耗唤醒信号及接收器的研究(Study on low-power Wake-up Signal and Receiver for NR)，具体的立项文档见RP-213645。另一个是环境功能的物联网研究(Study on Ambient power-enabled Internet of Things)，具体的立项文档见S1-220192。上述研究聚焦低功耗物联和低功耗可穿戴设备场景，但是也不排除低功耗的技术方案应用于有低功耗需求的智能手机、智能手表、智能眼镜等。
由于本申请提供的通信方案涉及传统接收机和低功耗接收机，因此下面先介绍现有的传统接收机和低功耗接收机。
传统接收机
传统接收机(或者说传统的接收机)架构有超外差接收机、零中频接收机和低中频接收机。这几种传统接收机方案常应用于对信号质量、传输速率要求较高的场景中。另外，由于信号的调制方式比较复杂，传统接收机需要采用一些高性能高精度的模块电路，例如高增益高线性度的低噪声放大器、高线性度的混频器以及能提供精确本振信号的压控振荡器等。为了提高电路性能，传统接收机的功耗就不能降低。
低功耗接收机
低功耗接收机具有严格的功耗限制，例如小于1mW。通过采用幅度调制和包络检测，低功耗接收机可以避免采用功耗较大的射频模块。例如，低功耗接收机不需要采用高线性度的混频器、能提供精确本振信号的压控振荡器等，因此可以达到较低功耗水平。
根据调研，低功耗接收机可以采用以下结构：
射频调谐结构：图1为一种基于射频调谐结构的低功耗接收机示意图。图1中的低功耗接收机主要包括：射频放大器、包络检波器和基带放大器三个部分。参阅图1，低功耗接收机还可包括射频滤波器。由于包络检波器是非线性器件且噪声较大，为了正确解调接收信号，需要在包络检波器前面加上一个射频放大器，来提高***灵敏度。
不定中频结构：图2为一种基于不定中频结构的低功耗接收机示意图。图2中的低功耗接收机主要包括环形振荡器、中频放大器和包络检波器三个部分。射频信号先通过混频器转变为频率较低的中频信号，然后中频信号通过中频放大器再进行放大，之后用包络检波器进行解调输出基带信号。参阅图2，低功耗接收机还可包括射频滤波器、混频器、基带放大器等。基于不定中频结构的低功耗接收机中使用了混频器，需要为其提供本振信号，通过环形振荡器来产生本振信号，因为其结构简单且功耗低。但是环形振荡器产生的频率偏移较大，会在一定范围内变化，环形振荡器产生的频率和射频信号混频后得到的中频频率是不确定的，因此该接收机的结构称为不定中频结构。由于环形振荡器产生的本振信号频率不精确，而且会随着时间和温度变化，可能需要额外的频率校准电路来对唤醒振荡器的频率进行校准，如图2中虚线框标注所示。
从上述低功耗接收机可以看出，两种结构的低功耗接收机均采用了包络检波器完成最终的下变频操作，得到基带信号。这两种结构的低功耗接收机均没有采用能提供精确本振信号的压控振荡器。
下面介绍现有技术中完成小区搜索、时间同步、频率同步、时间跟踪、频率跟踪、测量的方案。
现有技术中，支持NR Release 17标准特性及之前版本(release)的标准特性的终端设备，可以通过NR中的同步信号和物理广播信道块(SS/PBCH block，SSB)完成以下至少一项功能：小区搜索、时间跟踪、频率跟踪、测量。小区搜索(cell search)是终端设备获取与小区(cell)的时间和频率同步，并检测小区的物理层小区标识的过程。测量的目的是为了移动性管理，小区选择，小区重选等。
一个SSB包含了主同步信号(primary synchronization signal，PSS)，辅同步信号(secondary synchronization signal，SSS)和物理广播信道(physical broadcast channel，PBCH)。图3为一种SSB的结构示意图的示例。参阅图3，在时间域(时域)上，一个SSB占用了连续的4个正交频分复用(orthogonal frequency division multiplexing，OFDM)符号；在频率域(频域)上，一个SSB占用了连续的240个子载波，且这240个子载波按照频率递增顺序依次编号为0到239。其中，左起第一个OFDM符号承载PSS，编号为0，1，…,55,183,184,…,239的子载波置为0，编号为56，57，…,182的子载波为PSS占用的子载波；左起第2和第4个OFDM符号承载PBCH，并且每4个连续的子载波中都有一个为PBCH对应的DMRS；左起第3个OFDM符号承载了SSS和PBCH，编号为56，57，…,182的子载波置为SSS，编号为0，1，…,47，192，193，…,239的子载波为PBCH，其余子载波置为0。
SSB中的PSS和SSS序列采用了类似二进制相移键控(binary phase shift keying，BPSK)的调制方式。PBCH的调制方式为正交相移键控(quadrature phase shift keying，QPSK)。SSB的信号生成及资源映射的详细内容参见3GPP TS 38.211V15.8.0，为节省篇幅，这里不再赘述。
现有技术中，SSB中的PSS和SSS序列，以及PBCH不支持通过包络检波的方式进行接收，只能通过相干接收的方式。相干接收的关键是要求接收机能够恢复出一个与调制载波的频率严格同步的相干载波；接收机利用混频器，将射频信号与相干载波相乘，经过处理得到基带信号。为了获得与调制载波的频率严格同步的相干载波，接收机要求能提供精确本振信号的压控振荡器。也就是说，要求终端设备采用传统接收机。
低功耗接收机为了满足极低功耗的需求，无法提供精确本振信号的振荡器，即未采用能提供精确本振信号的压控振荡器。因此对于具备传统接收机和低功耗接收机，但当前只有低功耗接收机处于开启状态，而传统接收机处于关闭状态的终端设备，或者只具备低功耗接收机的终端设备，是无法通过NR现有的SSB完成以下至少一项功能：获取初始接入，时间同步，频率同步，时间跟踪，频率跟踪，测量。
本申请实施例可以适用于物联网(internet of things，IoT)网络、车联网(Vehicle to X，V2X)、无线局域网(wireless local area network，WLAN)等无线局域网***中。当然，本申请实施例还可以适用于其他可能的通信***，例如，长期演进(long term evolution，LTE)***、LTE频分双工(frequency division duplex，FDD)***、LTE时分双工(time division duplex，TDD)、通用移动通信***(universal mobile telecommunication system，UMTS)、全球互联微波接入(worldwide interoperability for microwave access，WiMAX)通信***、第五代(5th generation，5G)通信***,以及未来的第六代(6th generation，6G)通信***等。本申请实施例也可以应用于其它的通信***，只要该通信***中存在实体可以发送信息，该通信***也存在其它实体可以接收信息即可。
上述适用本申请的通信***仅是举例说明，适用本申请的通信***不限于此，在此统一说明，以下不再赘述。
图4为本申请实施例提供的一种通信***的示例。如图4所示，基站#1，基站#2，终端#1～终端#8组成一个通信***。在该通信***中，基站#1发送信息给终端#1～终端#6中的一个或多个终端。基站#1通过基站#2发送信息给终端#7和终端#8中的一个或多个终端。此外，终端#4～终端#6也组成一个通信***，在该通信***中，终端#5可以发送信息给终端#4和终端#6中的一个或多个终端。基站#2，终端#7和终端#8也组成一个通信***，该通信***中，基站#2可以发送信息给终端#7和终端#8中的一个或多个终端。
基站：基站是网络侧的一种用来发送或接收信号的实体。基站可以是任意一种具有无线收发功能且能和终端设备通信的设备，例如将终端设备接入到无线网络的无线接入网(radio access network，RAN)节点。目前，一些RAN节点的举例包括：传输接收点(transmission reception point，TRP)、演进型节点B(evolved Node B，eNB)、无线网络控制器(radio network controller，RNC)、家庭基站(例如，home evolved NodeB，或home Node B，HNB)、基带单元(base band unit，BBU)、WiFi接入点(access point，AP)、接入回传一体化(integrated access and backhaul，IAB)、卫星、无人机等。在不同的通信模式下可能有不同的名称，比如LTE的基站叫eNodeB，NR的基站称为gNB。基站可以是宏基站，也可以微基站、微微基站、小基站、毫微微基站、或者杆站。基站可以是支持接收通过发射通信传输的数据的基站。基站可以是支持发送唤醒信号的基站。
终端(可称为终端设备)：终端可以具有无线收发功能的设备。终端可经无线接入网(radioaccess network，RAN)中的接入网设备(或者称为接入设备)与一个或多个核心网(core network，CN)设备(或者称为核心设备)进行通信。接入网设备可以是基站、WiFi接入点、TRP等。终端可以是支持唤醒接收机的终端设备，也可以是不支持唤醒接收机的终端设备。终端设备可以是支持反射通信的终端设备，比如标签。本申请实施例中，终端也可以称为用户设备(user equipment，UE)，可以是手机(mobile phone)、移动台(mobile station，MS)、平板电脑(pad)、带无线收发功能的电脑、虚拟现实(virtual reality，VR)终端设备、增强现实(augmented reality，AR)终端设备、工业控制(industrial control)中的无线终端设备、无人驾驶(self driving)中的无线终端设备、远程医疗(remote medical)中的无线终端设备、智能电网(smart grid)中的无线终端设备、运输安全(transportation safety)中的无线终端设备、智慧城市(smart city)中的无线终端设备、智慧家庭(smart home)中的无线终端设备、用户单元(subscriber unit)、蜂窝电话(cellular phone)、无线数据卡、个人数字助理(personal digital assistant，PDA)电脑、平板型电脑、膝上型电脑(laptop computer)、机器类型通信(machine type communication,MTC)终端设备、无人机等。终端设备可包括各种具有无线通信功能的手持设备、车载设备、可穿戴设备、计算设备或连接到无线调制解调器的其它处理设备。可选 的，终端设备可以是具有无线通信功能的手持设备(handset)、物联网或车联网中的终端设备、5G以及5G之后演进的通信***中的任意形态的终端设备等，本申请对此并不限定。
本申请实施例主要设计了一种信号，只具备低功耗接收机或者只有低功耗接收机处于开启状态(或者说工作状态)的终端设备可利用该信号完成至少一项功能：小区搜索、时间同步、频率同步、时间跟踪、频率跟踪、测量。
本申请提供了只具备低功耗接收机或者只有低功耗接收机处于开启状态(或者说工作状态)的终端设备利用新设计的信号完成上述至少一项功能的通信方案。下面结合附图介绍本申请实施例提供的通信方案。
图5为本申请实施例提供的一种通信交互方法流程图。如图5所示，该方法包括：
501、发送设备生成第一信号。
所述第一信号用于实现以下至少一项功能：小区搜索、时间同步、频率同步、时间跟踪、频率跟踪、测量。本申请中，第一信号可称为Beacon信号，或，同步信号，或，同步广播信号，或参考信号等，本申请实施例不作限定。第一信号支持接收设备利用低功耗接收机接收。也就是说，接收设备利用低功耗接收机可成功接收第一信号。
在一种可能的实现方式中，发送设备在生成第一信号之前，接收来自接收设备的第一能力信息，该第一能力信息指示接收设备支持低功耗接收机。步骤501一种可能的实现方式如下：根据第一能力信息，生成第一信号。在该实现方式中，根据第一能力信息，生成第一信号，能够节省功耗，并使得接收设备能够成功接收第一信号。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一信号支持按照非相干的方式接收，或者，所述第一信号支持以非相干的方式从射频或中频变频到基带。例如，非相干的方式可以是包络检波，即第一信号中的各信号均采用支持包络检波的调制方式。可选的，所述第一信号支持通过包络检波的方式接收。例如，第一信号的调制方式为OOK、ASK、FSK中的任一种。接收设备可通过按照非相干的方式接收第一信号。或者，接收设备可以非相干的方式将第一信号从射频或中频变频到基带。第一信号可视为专门为低功耗接收机设计的用于实现小区搜索、时间同步、频率同步、时间跟踪、频率跟踪、测量中的至少一项功能的信号，接收设备可利用低功耗接收机成功接收第一信号。本申请中，低功耗接收机可采用包络检波器完成下变频操作，得到基带信号。或者说，本申请中，低功耗接收机没有采用能提供精确本振信号的压控振荡器。在该实现方式中，第一信号支持按照非相干的方式接收，或者，第一信号支持以非相干的方式从射频或中频变频到基带；以便接收设备利用低功耗接收机成功接收该第一信号，能够降低功耗。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一信号包括第二信号和/或第三信号，所述第二信号为前导信号(preamble)或PSS，所述第三信号为SSS或PBCH。第二信号和第二信号均支持通过包络检波的方式接收。本申请中，Beacon信号是指第一信号。图6为本申请实施例提供的一种第一信号的帧结构示意图。如图6所示，Beacon信号包括信号1和信号2，其中，Beacon信号是指第一信号，信号1表示第二信号，信号2表示第三信号，信号1可称为Preamble或PSS，信号2可称为SSS或PBCH。下文中，信号1表示第二信号，信号2表示第三信号。信号1和信号2在时域上可以连续传输，也可以非连续传输。考虑到不同接收设备和发送设备之间的距离不同，信道条件不同。信号1可以采用不同的格式。不同格式的信号1分别对应不同的信道条件。或者，不同格式的信号1分别对应不同的覆盖等级。或者，不同格式的信号1分别对应不同的重复等级。不同格式的信号1可以为长度不同的序列。或者，不同格式的信号1可以为相同序列下不同的重复次数。或者，不同格式的信号1为相同序列下不同的扩频因子。发送设备可以根据自身的负载情况或者资源占用情况，自行确定发送的信号1的格式。在该实现方式中，第一信号包括第二信号和/或第三信号，以便实现小区搜索、时间同步、频率同步、时间跟踪、频率跟踪、测量中的任一项功能。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一信号包括所述第二信号(即信号1)和所述第三信号(即信号2)，所述第二信号由一个基序列通过重复或扩频的方式生成，所述第三信号的起始时域位置根据所述第二信号支持的最大时域长度的结束位置确定。可选的，信号2指示信号1的重复次数，或者信号1对应的覆盖等级，或者信号1的扩频因子，或者信号1的时域长度。图7为本申请实施例提供的另一种第一信号的帧结构示意图。如图7所示，信号1通过基序列按照重复的方式生成，信号1支持的最大重复次数为4，信号1支持的最大时域长度为基序列按照重复次数4生成的序列所占用的时域长度。技术增益是避免发送设备和接收设备关于信号1的时域结束位置的理解不一致的问题，进而导致无法正确接收信号2的问题。比如以图7为例，发送设备按照重复次数4发送信号1，信号1的实际结束位置为图7中重复次数#3的基序列对应的结束位置。然而，如果此时接收设备的信道条件好，只接收了图7中的重复次数#0的基序列就检测出了信号1，接收设备可能会认为信号1的结束位置为重复次数#0的基序列对应的结束位置，发送设备和 接收设备关于信号1的时域结束位置理解不一致，此时接收设备如果按照重复次数#0的基序列的结束位置开始接收信号2，信号2就无法正确接收。若约定信号2的起始时域位置根据信号1支持的最大时域长度的结束位置确定则可以避免上述问题，可以正确接收第三信号。
502、发送设备向接收设备发送第一信号。
相应的，接收设备接收来自发送设备的第一信号。在一种可能的实现方式中，接收设备只具备低功耗接收机，接收设备利用该低功耗接收机接收第一信号。在一种可能的实现方式中，接收设备具备传统接收机和低功耗接收机，但当前只有低功耗接收机处于开启状态，而传统接收机处于关闭状态；接收设备利用该低功耗接收机接收第一信号。低功耗接收机可采用包络检波器完成最终的下变频操作，得到基带信号。接收设备中部署的低功耗接收机可以是图1所示的接收机，也可以是图2所示的接收机，还可以其他采用包络检波器完成最终的下变频操作的低功耗接收机。
接收设备在和发送设备通信前，需要先通过信号1获取时间和/或频率的同步，因此信号1可以认为是接收设备和发送设备建立通信的第一步。此时接收设备和发送设备的时间和频率还没有同步，接收设备需要在较大的时间和频率范围内执行相关运算，以正确检测信号1。为了降低接收设备检测信号1的复杂度，信号1可以不携带信息，接收设备利用信号1获取时间和/或频率同步之后，不再需要在较大的时间和频率范围内执行相关运算，因此没有检测复杂度的问。若Beacon包括信号1和信号2，可以通过信号2携带通信的基本参数，包括以下至少一项：网络标识，Beacon周期，帧号，超帧号，Beacon周期索引，寻呼周期索引。图8为本申请实施例提供的另一种第一信号的帧结构示意图。如图8所示，第一信号(即图8中的Beacon信号)包括信号1和信号2，信号2内容示例1、信号2内容示例2以及信号2内容示例3示出了信号3可能携带的通信的基本参数的3个示例；信号2内容示例1示出了信号2携带网络标识，Beacon周期，帧号，超帧号；信号2内容示例2示出了信号2携带网络标识，Beacon周期，帧号；信号2内容示例3示出了信号2携带网络标识，Beacon周期，寻呼周期索引。下面分别介绍信号2携带的通信的基本参数。
网络标识：网络标识可以为小区标识，或，发送设备的标识。
Beacon周期：接收设备在没有接收到Beacon信号之前，可以假定Beacon周期为一个默认值，默认值可以约定。接收设备在接收到Beacon信号之后，可以根据Beacon信号中指示的Beacon周期接收Beacon信号。需要说明的是，对于接收设备为具备传统接收机和低功耗接收机的终端设备，在接收beacon信号之前，接收设备可以通过传统接收机从发送设备获取Beacon周期。此外，该场景下的接收设备可以通过传统接收机从发送设备获取以下至少一项：Beacon信号的频域资源位置指示信息，Beacon信号的有无。
帧号：一个帧的长度为10ms。帧号的取值范围为0～1023。Beacon信号在时域上占用多个帧时，Beacon信号指示的帧号用于指示Beacon信号的起始时间位置所在的帧的帧号，或者，Beacon信号指示的帧号用于指示Beacon信号的结束时间位置所在的帧的帧号，或者，Beacon信号指示的帧号用于指示Beacon信号占用的多个帧中一个特定帧的帧号，该特定帧的位置可约定。Beacon信号可以指示完整的帧号，或者，Beacon信号可以指示信号帧号的高比特位。示例性的，Beacon信号中用于指示帧号的比特位数为X，一个Beacon周期时长包含的帧数，用二进制表示，该帧数对应的比特位数为Y，X为帧号的高比特位，Y为帧号的低比特位，X和Y的和大于或者等于10。例如，一个Beacon周期的时长为640ms，其包含64个帧，64用二进制表示，其占用的比特数为6，其对应帧号的低比特位，Beacon中用于指示帧号的比特位数为4，其对应帧号的高比特位，6和4的和等于10。图9为本申请实施例提供的一种Beacon信号指示帧号的示意图。如图9所示，示例1中，10比特至少完整帧号，即Beacon信号指示完整帧号；示例2中，4比特指示帧号，即起始的帧号，6比特指示一个Beacon周期时长包含的帧数。假定Beacon信号中的4比特指示帧号为4，6比特指示一个Beacon周期时长包含的帧数为64，该Beacon信号指示的帧号为4至67。
Beacon周期索引：Beacon周期索引为一个超帧内Beacon周期的索引，一个超帧内Beacon周期的索引从0开始，一个超帧的时长为10240ms，一个超帧可以包括1024个帧。图10为本申请实施例提供的一种Beacon周期索引示意图。如图10所示，一个超帧内Beacon周期的索引从0开始，信号2指示Beacon周期索引。
超帧号：一个超帧的时长为10240ms，一个超帧可以包括1024个帧。Beacon信号中指示该Beacon所在超帧的超帧号。Beacon信号可以指示完整的超帧号，或者，Beacon信号可以指示超帧号的高比特位。
寻呼(paging)周期(cycle)索引：paging cycle可以称为paging非连续接收(discontinuous reception，DRX)周期(cycle)，或者，称为DRX cycle，后续统一描述为paging cycle。对于接收设备为具备传统接收机和低功耗接收机的终端设备，在接收beacon信号之前，该接收设备可以通过传统接收机从发送设备获取寻呼配 置参数。paging cycle可以为默认(default)paging cycle。或者，寻呼DRX cycle可以为终端设备特定(UE specific)paging cycle。或者，寻呼DRX cycle可以为终端设备特定(UE specific)扩展(extended)paging cycle。或者，寻呼DRX cycle可以为default paging cycle和UE specific paging cycle的最小值。或者，寻呼DRX cycle可以为default paging cycle和UE specific extended paging cycle的最小值。其中extended paging cycle也可以称为eDRX cycle。default paging cycle由发送设备通过***消息配置。UE specific paging cycle或UE specific extended paging cycle由发送设备通过UE specific信令通知。Beacon信号中指示的paging cycle索引为一个超帧内Beacon信号所在的paging cycle的索引，其中一个超帧的时长为10240ms。或者，Beacon信号中指示的paging cycle索引为一个寻呼时间窗(paging time window)内Beacon信号所在的paging cycle的索引。上述索引可以从0开始。寻呼时间窗的配置参数由发射设备或核心网设备配置。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一信号包括第二信号(即信号2)和第三信号(即信号2)，所述第二信号用于实现时间同步或频率同步，所述第三信号携带如下至少一项：标识信息、周期信息、第一帧号、第一超帧号、第一周期索引、第二周期索引。所述标识信息为小区标识或发送设备的标识。小区标识或发送设备的标识可视为信号2携带的网络标识。周期信息为发送设备发送所述第一信号的周期。周期信息可以为信号2携带的Beacon周期。所述第一帧号为所述第一信号占用的多帧中的一帧的帧号，即信号2携带的帧号。所述第一超帧号为所述第一信号所在超帧的超帧号，即信号2携带的超帧号。所述第一周期索引(即Beacon周期索引)为一个超帧内所述第一信号的周期的索引，所述第二周期索引(即寻呼周期索引)为一个超帧或寻呼时间窗内所述第一信号所在的寻呼周期的索引。在该实现方式中，第三信号携带如下至少一项：标识信息、周期信息、第一帧号、第一超帧号、第一周期索引、第二周期索引；以便接收设备得到相应的参数。
503、接收设备利用第一信号实现小区搜索、时间同步、频率同步、时间跟踪、频率跟踪、测量中的至少一项功能。
接收设备可利用第一信号中的第二信号实现时间同步和/或频率同步。可选的，第一信号包括第二信号和第三信号，第二信号为PSS，第三信号为SSS或PBCH；接收设备利用第一信号实现小区搜索、时间同步、频率同步、时间跟踪、频率跟踪、测量中的至少一项功能。
本申请实施例中，第一信号向接收设备发送第一信号，接收设备利用该第一信号实现小区搜索、时间同步、频率同步、时间跟踪、频率跟踪、测量中的至少一项功能，能够降低功耗。
为提供频谱资源的利用率，本申请提供了Beacon信号和数据的复用设计，降低了信号1的开销。下面介绍本申请实施例提供的Beacon信号和数据的复用设计。
在时域上，当Beacon信号和下行数据在时域上有重叠时，Beacon信号和下行数据可以复用在一起。Beacon信号可以包括信号1和信号2。本申请实施例中考虑异步通信，下行数据在传输时在下行数据前需要有前导信号，前导信号可以和Beacon中的信号1的格式相同。Beacon信号和下行数据在时域上重叠时，将Beacon信号和下行数据复用在一起，可以节省前导信号的开销。或者说，Beacon信号和下行数据在时域上重叠时，将Beacon信号和下行数据复用在一起，可以节省信号1的开销。图11为本申请实施例提供的一种Beacon信号和下行数据的时域复用示意图。如图11所示，Beacon信号包括信号1和信号2，下行数据在传输时在下行数据前需要有前导信号，即信号1；Beacon信号和下行数据在时域上重叠时，将Beacon信号和下行数据复用在一起得到包括preamble(即信号1)、信号2以及下行数据的信号。Beacon信号和下行数据在时域上也会存在没有重叠的情况，为了区分时域上没有重叠和时域上有重叠两种情况，信号2中可以包括是否有下行数据的指示。或者，下行数据中可以包括是否有信号2的指示。信号2为序列形式时，比如SSS，可以通过不同的序列来指示是否有下行数据。信号2为经过编码调制的数据形式时，比如PBCH，可以通过一个字段不同的状态值来指示是否有下行数据。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一信号包括第二信号(信号1)、第三信号(信号2)以及下行数据，所述第二信号为前导信号或主同步信号，所述第三信号为辅同步信号SSS或PBCH，所述第三信号作为所述下行数据的前导信号。在该实现方式中，第三信号作为下行数据的前导信号，可以节省前导信号的开销。或者说，节省第二信号的开销。可选的，所述第三信号包括第一指示信息，所述第一指示信息用于指示所述第一信号包括或不包括所述下行数据，或者，所述下行数据包括第二指示信息，所述第二指示信息用于指示所述第一信号包括或不包括所述第三信号。所述第三信号为经过编码调制的数据形式，所述第三信号中的一个字段不同的状态值来指示所述第一信号是否有下行数据。也就是说，第三信号为经过编码调制的数据形式时，比如PBCH，可以通过一个字段不同的状态值来指示是否有下行数据。可选的，所述第三信号为序列形式，例如SSS，所述第三信号的序列用于指示所述第一信号包括或不包括所述第三信号。可理 解，所述第三信号通过不同的序列来指示第一信号是否有下行数据。
在频域上，Beacon信号的保护带的带宽大于或等于下行数据的保护带的带宽。低功耗接收机如果采用不定中频结构，提供本振信号的环形振荡器的频率偏移较大。为了保证接收设备正确接收Beacon信号，Beacon信号两侧需要预留较大的保护带。接收设备接收完Beacon信号后，根据Beacon信号完成频率校准(包括频率偏差估计及补偿)后，环形振荡器的频率偏移得到改善。此时下行数据可采用较小的保护带，以提到频谱资源利用率。图12为本申请实施例提供的一种Beacon信号的频域资源示意图。如图12所示，频率校准前，环形振荡器的频率偏移相对载波频率的比值为数百ppm(如图12中的x100ppm)，以载波频率为900MHz为例，100ppm对应的频率偏移为90kHz，频率偏移值为频率校准后，环形振荡器的频率偏移相对载波频率的比值为数十ppm(如图12中的x10ppm)。以载波频率为900MHz为例，10ppm对应的频率偏移为9kHz。
本申请实施例提供的Beacon信号和数据的复用设计，可降低了信号1的开销。
针对接收设备使用低功耗接收机的场景，接收设备最终都是通过包络检波的方式接收Beacon信号，得到Beacon信号的包络；然后，对Beacon信号的包络进行数字采样，并通过与接收设备设置的幅度或者能量门限进行比较，判决接收的信号是1还是0，或者，判决接收的信号是+1还是-1。当然接收设备还可以根据其它实现方式判决接收的信号是1还是0，或者，判决接收的信号是+1还是-1，本申请实施例对此不作具体限定。通过该种方式，接收设备获得的信号为二元序列，即由元素0和1组成的序列，或者由元素+1和-1组成的序列。二元序列无法获得像NR***中像参考信号接收功率(reference signal receiving power，RSRP)或信号与干扰加噪声比(signal to interference plus noise ratio，SINR)这样的描述信道条件的测量量。那这种二元序列如何获得测量结果呢？本申请实施例提供了基于Beacon信号的测量机制，使得低功耗接收机能够根据Beacon信号获得信道质量。下面结合附图介绍本申请实施例提供的基于Beacon信号的测量机制。
图13为本申请实施例提供的另一种通信方法交互流程图。如图13所示，该方法包括：
1301、发送设备在多个频率单元或多个时域单元上发送多个第一信号。
相应的，接收设备接收发送设备在多个频率单元或多个时域单元上发送的多个第一信号。所述多个第一信号中的任意两个占用的时频资源不重叠。所述多个第一信号中的任意两个对应不同的覆盖等级、重复等级或扩频因子。需要注意，多个所述第一信号的表述中，第一信号为泛指，多个第一信号具备一些相同的信号特征，但并非同一个信号。例如，多个第一信号的调制方式均为OOK或FSK，该多个第一信号用于实现相同的功能，该多个第一信号中的任意两个对应不同的覆盖等级、重复等级或扩频因子。
图14为本申请实施例提供的一种基于Beacon信号的测量机制的示例。参阅图14，发送设备在多个频率单元上发送多个Beacon信号。参阅图14，频率单元2上发送的第一信号对应覆盖等级0，频率单元1上发送的第一信号对应覆盖等级1，频率单元0上发送的第一信号对应覆盖等级2。图15为本申请实施例提供的另一种基于Beacon信号的测量机制的示例。参阅图15，发送设备在多个时间单元上发送多个Beacon信号；时间单元0上发送的第一信号对应覆盖等级2，时间单元1上发送的第一信号对应覆盖等级1，时间单元2上发送的第一信号对应覆盖等级0。所述多个第一信号用于接收设备确定信道质量，所述信道质量对应于所述接收设备正确检测所述第一信号时，所述第一信号的最低覆盖等级、最小重复次数或最小扩频因子。本申请中，重复等级可以称为重复次数。
1302、接收设备根据来自发送设备的多个第一信号，将满足预设条件时，第一信号的最低覆盖等级、最小重复次数或最小扩频因子作为测量量。
测量量用于描述接收设备和发射设备之间的信道条件(或者说信道质量)。测量量例如可以是参考信号接收功率(reference signal received power，RSRP)、信号干扰噪声比(signal to interference plus noise ratio，SINR)等。将满足预设条件时，第一信号的最低覆盖等级、最小重复次数或最小扩频因子作为测量量可以理解为：将所述多个第一信号中满足预设条件且对应最低覆盖等级、最小重复次数或最小扩频因子的第一信号对应的覆盖等级、重复次数或扩频因子作为测量量。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述预设条件为所述接收设备正确检测所述第一信号，或者，所述预设条件为所述接收设备在预设配置假设下正确检测所述第一信号，或者，所述预设条件为预设配置假设下第一指标小于或等于阈值，所述第一指标为以下至少一项：所述第一信号的误块率，所述第一信号的误包率，所述第一信号的漏检率，所述第一信号的错检率，所述第一信号的虚警率。预设配置假设可以是以下至少一项：预设发送天线配置，预设接收天线配置，预设周期，预设接收次数。上述阈值可以约定，或者根据实际需求进行配置，这里不作限定。
在一种可能的实现方式中，接收设备与发送设备之间的信道条件(或者说信道质量)可以表示为：接收设备能够正确检测Beacon信号时，Beacon信号的最低覆盖等级，或者，最低重复等级，或者，最低扩频因子。发送设备发送beacon信号的各个频率单元的相对位置可以约定，避免接收设备盲检测不同的频率单元。可选的，接收设备根据正确检测所述第一信号时，所述第一信号的最低覆盖等级、最小重复次数或最小扩频因子，确定信道质量。
可选的，接收设备根据是否检测到相应覆盖等级的Beacon信号，确定测量量。以图14为例，有3个覆盖等级，即覆盖等级0,覆盖等级1和覆盖等级2。覆盖等级0表示信道质量最好，覆盖等级2表示信道质量最差。如果接收设备可以正确检测到覆盖等级2的Beacon信号，但无法正确检测覆盖等级1和覆盖等级0的Beacon信号，接收设备确定测量量为覆盖等级2。如果接收设备可以正确检测到覆盖等级1的Beacon信号，但无法正确检测覆盖等级0的Beacon信号，接收设备确定测量量为覆盖等级1。如果接收设备可以正确检测到覆盖等级0的Beacon信号，接收设备确定测量量为覆盖等级0。
可选的，接收设备根据是否检测到相应重复等级的Beacon信号，确定测量量。例如，发送设备发送的多个(例如3个)第一信号对应3种重复等级，即重复等级0,重复等级1和重复等级2。重复等级0表示信道质量最好，重复等级2表示信道质量最差。如果接收设备可以正确检测到重复等级2的Beacon信号，但无法正确检测重复等级1和重复等级0的Beacon信号，接收设备确定测量量为重复等级2。如果接收设备可以正确检测到重复等级1的Beacon信号，但无法正确检测重复等级0的Beacon信号，接收设备确定测量量为重复等级1。如果接收设备可以正确检测到重复等级0的Beacon信号，接收设备确定测量量为重复等级0。
可选的，接收设备根据是否检测到相应扩频因子的Beacon信号，确定测量量。例如，发送设备发送的多个(例如3个)第一信号对应3种扩频因子，即扩频因子0,扩频因子1和扩频因子2。扩频因子0表示信道质量最好，扩频因子2表示信道质量最差。如果接收设备可以正确检测到扩频因子2的Beacon信号，但无法正确检测扩频因子1和扩频因子0的Beacon信号，接收设备确定测量量为扩频因子2。如果接收设备可以正确检测到扩频因子1的Beacon信号，但无法正确检测扩频因子0的Beacon信号，接收设备确定测量量为扩频因子1。如果接收设备可以正确检测到扩频因子0的Beacon信号，接收设备确定测量量为扩频因子0。
本申请实施例中，发送设备在多个频率单元或多个时域单元上发送多个第一信号，接收设备根据来自发送设备的多个第一信号，确定与该发送设备之间的测量；使得低功耗接收机能够根据Beacon信号获得测量量。
图16为本申请实施例提供的另一种通信方法交互流程图。如图16所示，该方法包括：
1601、发送设备按照最高覆盖等级、最大重复次数或者最大扩频因子发送第一信号。
相应的，接收设备接收来自发送设备的第一信号。接收设备利用低功耗接收机接收来自发送设备的第一信号。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一信号支持按照非相干的方式接收，或者，所述第一信号支持以非相干的方式从射频或中频变频到基带。例如，非相干的方式可以是包络检波，即第一信号中的各信号均采用支持包络检波的调制方式。可选的，所述第一信号支持通过包络检波的方式接收。例如，第一信号的调制方式为OOK、ASK、FSK中的任一种。接收设备可通过按照非相干的方式接收第一信号。或者，接收设备可以非相干的方式将第一信号从射频或中频变频到基带。
1602、接收设备将满足预设条件时，第一信号的最低覆盖等级、最小重复次数或最小扩频因子作为测量量。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述预设条件为所述接收设备正确检测所述第一信号，或者，所述预设条件为所述接收设备在预设配置假设下正确检测所述第一信号，或者，所述预设条件为预设配置假设下第一指标小于或等于阈值，所述第一指标为以下至少一项：所述第一信号的误块率，所述第一信号的误包率，所述第一信号的漏检率，所述第一信号的错检率，所述第一信号的虚警率。在该实现方式中，通过预设条件可以准确地根据第一信号确定测量量。
在一种可能的实现方式中，接收设备与发送设备之间的信道质量可以表示为：接收设备能够正确检测Beacon信号时，Beacon信号的最低覆盖等级，或者，最低重复等级，或者，最低扩频因子。图17为本申请实施例提供的另一种基于Beacon信号的测量机制的示例。参阅图17，Beacon信号包含4次重复。信道质量可以为通过接收设备能够正确检测Beacon信号时，Beacon信号的最小重复次数。
可选的，发送设备按照最高覆盖等级发送第一信号；接收设备根据正确检测第一信号时，该第一信号 的最低覆盖等级确定测量量。例如，测量量可以为通过接收设备能够正确检测Beacon信号时，Beacon信号的最低覆盖等级。如果接收设备可以正确检测到扩频因子2的Beacon信号，但无法正确检测扩频因子1和扩频因子0的Beacon信号，接收设备确定测量量为扩频因子2。举例来说，发送设备发送的第一信号对应覆盖等级2。覆盖等级0表示信道质量最好，覆盖等级2表示信道质量最差。如果接收设备可以正确检测Beacon信号时的最低覆盖等级为覆盖等级2，接收设备确定测量量为覆盖等级2。如果接收设备可以正确检测Beacon信号时的最低覆盖等级为覆盖等级1，接收设备确定测量量为覆盖等级1。
可选的，发送设备按照最大重复次数发送第一信号；接收设备根据正确检测第一信号时，该第一信号的最小重复次数确定测量量。例如，测量量可以为接收设备能够正确检测Beacon信号时，Beacon信号的最小重复等级。举例来说，发送设备发送的第一信号对应重复次数3。重复次数0表示信道质量最好，重复次数3表示信道质量最差。如果接收设备可以正确检测Beacon信号时的最小重复次数为重复次数2，接收设备确定测量量为重复次数2。如果接收设备可以正确检测Beacon信号时的最小重复次数为重复次数1，接收设备确定测量量为重复次数1。
可选的，发送设备按照最大扩频因子发送第一信号；接收设备根据正确检测第一信号时，该第一信号的最小扩频因子确定测量量。例如，测量量可以为接收设备能够正确检测Beacon信号时，Beacon信号的最小扩频因子。举例来说，发送设备发送的第一信号对应扩频因子2。扩频因子0表示信道质量最好，扩频因子2表示信道质量最差。如果接收设备可以正确检测Beacon信号时的最小扩频因子为扩频因子1，接收设备确定测量量为扩频因子1。如果接收设备可以正确检测Beacon信号时的最小扩频因子为扩频因子0，接收设备确定测量量为扩频因子0。
本申请实施例中，根据正确检测第一信号时，第一信号的最低覆盖等级、最小重复次数或最小扩频因子确定测量量，可使得通过低功耗接收机接收第一信号的接收设备实现信道测量，即使得低功耗接收机能够根据Beacon信号获得信道质量。
对于本申请所有实施例，可选地，接收设备可以向发送设备发送第一能力信息。
相应地，发送设备可以接收来自接收设备的第一能力信息。
其中，该第一能力信息可以包括以下至少一项：是否支持能量收集、是否支持低功耗接收机、是否支持反向散射通信。
一种可能的方式，第一能力信息包括接收设备支持能量收集。
其中，接收设备支持能量收集可以是指接收设备支持从环境中自主获取能量，并可以将该能量转化为电能。其中，该能量的来源可以包括以下至少一项：光、无线电波、温差、振动、运动、盐度梯度、风、水流。
应理解，能量收集的好处是替代电池给设备供电或补充电池能量，从而延长设备使用寿命。接收设备可以将通过能量收集产生的能量提供给自身的信号处理或者数据存储电路，以维持正常的工作状态。
另一种可能的方式，第一能力信息包括接收设备支持低功耗接收机。
应理解，低功耗接收机可以避免采用功耗较大的射频模块，例如高线性度的混频器，能提供精确本振信号的压控振荡器等，因此低功耗接收机可以达到较低的功耗水平。
其中，接收设备支持低功耗接收机可以是指接收设备支持以非相干的接收方式接收信号。
示例性地，该信号可以是来自发送设备的信号。
示例性地，非相干的接收方式可以是包络检波，或者差分解调等。
例如，当非相干的接收方式为包络检波时，该包络检波可以将接收到的高频或中频的信号经过半波或者全波整流后，得到低频原始信号的包络或者幅度线。
通过该方式，接收设备可以使用包络检波的接收方式接收信号，从而得到原始信号的包络。接收设备对原始信号的包络进行数字采样后，可以与接收设备设置的幅度或者能量门限进行比较，从而确定接收的信号是1还是0。应理解，接收设备还可以根据其它方式确定接收的信号是1还是0，本申请实施例对此不作具体限定。
其中，接收设备支持低功耗接收机可以是指接收设备具备低功耗接收机，或者，接收设备同时具备低功耗接收机和传统接收机。
应理解，传统接收机和低功耗接收机不同，传统接收机的接收机架构可以为超外差、零中频或低中频，并可以支持相干接收。传统接收机需要采用一些高性能高精度的模块电路来保证接收机接收性能，如高增益高线性度的低噪声放大器，高线性度的混频器，能提供精确本振信号的压控振荡器等，这些模块电路功耗较高，在一定时长内，传统接收机的功耗要高于低功耗接收机的功耗。
还应理解，当接收设备同时具备低功耗接收机和传统接收机时，该接收设备可以通过关闭传统接收机，开启低功耗接收机达到节能的效果。
还应理解，当接收设备同时具备低功耗接收机和传统接收机时，该接收设备可以通过低功耗接收机接收唤醒信号，通过唤醒信号触发开启传统接收机。其中，唤醒信号可以是由发送设备发送的。
另一种可能的方式，第一能力信息包括接收设备支持反向散射通信。
其中，接收设备支持反向散射通信可以是指接收设备支持在没有主动发射的射频链路的情况下向发送设备发送信息；或者，接收设备支持反向散射通信可以是指接收设备支持在自身具备主动发射的射频链路但不需要开启的情况下向发送设备发送信息，即，接收设备主要依赖于发送设备之外的激励设备或发送设备发射的连续载波来进行调制。
例如，接收设备可以通过调整接收设备的天线的阻抗来反射一部分或者全部入射的载波；再例如，接收设备可以通过调整接收设备的天线的阻抗来不反射入射的载波；再例如，接收设备可以吸收入射的载波的能量。
通过该方式，接收设备可以通过调节自身天线的阻抗，将数字信息调制到入射的载波上，并发送至发送设备。
可选地，接收设备支持的最大带宽受限。
一种可能的方式，接收设备支持的最大上行带宽不超过X1。
示例性地，X1可以是具体的值。例如，X1可以是20MHz，或者X1可以是5MHz，或者X1可以是3MHz，或者X1可以是1.4MHz，或者X1可以是1MHz，或者X1可以是720kHz，或者X1可以是540kHz，或者X1可以是360kHz，或者X1可以是180kHz。
示例性地，X1可以是K1个资源块占用的带宽，K1为正整数。例如，K1可以是小于或等于11的正整数，或者K1可以是小于或等于25的正整数，或者K1可以是小于或等于51的正整数，或者K1可以是小于或等于106的正整数。
另一种可能的方式，接收设备支持的最大下行带宽不超过Y1。
示例性地，Y1可以是具体的值。例如，Y1可以是20MHz，或者Y1可以是5MHz，或者Y1可以是3MHz，或者Y1可以是1.4MHz，或者Y1可以是1MHz，或者Y1可以是720kHz，或者Y1可以是540kHz，或者Y1可以是360kHz，或者Y1可以是180kHz。
示例性地，Y1可以是K2个资源块占用的带宽，K2为正整数。例如，K2可以是小于或等于11的正整数，或者K2可以是小于或等于25的正整数，或者K2可以是小于或等于51的正整数，或者K2可以是小于或等于106的正整数。
可选地，接收设备支持的最大上行带宽小于或者等于接收设备支持的最大下行带宽。
可选地，接收设备支持的发送和/或接收天线数受限。
一种可能的方式，接收设备支持的发送天线数不超过X2。
示例性地，X2可以是具体的值。例如，X2可以是1，或者X2可以是2，或X2可以是4。
另一种可能的方式，接收设备支持的发送天线的分支数不超过X3。
示例性地，X3可以是具体的值。例如，X3可以是1，或者X3可以是2，或X3可以是4。
另一种可能的方式，接收设备支持的接收天线数不超过Y2。
示例性地，Y2可以是具体的值。例如，Y2可以是1，或者Y2可以是2，或者Y2可以是4。
另一种可能的方式，接收设备支持的发送天线的分支数不超过Y3。
示例性地，Y3可以是具体的值。例如，Y3可以是1，或者Y3可以是2，或者Y3可以是4。
可选地，接收设备支持的发送天线数大于或等于接收设备支持的接收天线数。
可选地，接收设备支持的发送天线的分支数大于或等于接收设备支持的接收天线的分支数。
应理解，“接收天线的分支数”可以表述为“接收天线的射频通道数”，也可以表述为“接收天线的射频链数”。“发送天线的分支数”可以表述为“发送天线的射频通道数”，也可以表述为“发送天线的射频链数”。
可选地，接收设备不可以在具有配对频谱的服务小区上同时下行接收和上行发送。
下面结合附图介绍可实施本申请实施例提供的通信方法的通信装置的结构。
图18为本申请实施例提供的一种通信装置1800的结构示意图。该通信装置1800可以对应实现上述各个方法实施例中发送设备实现的功能或者步骤，也可以对应实现上述各个方法实施例中接收设备实现的功能或者步骤。该通信装置可以包括处理模块1810和收发模块1820。可选的，还可以包括存储单元，该存储单元可以用于存储指令(代码或者程序)和/或数据。处理模块1810和收发模块1820可以与该存储单 元耦合，例如，处理模块1810可以读取存储单元中的指令(代码或者程序)和/或数据，以实现相应的方法。上述各个单元可以独立设置，也可以部分或者全部集成。例如，收发模块1820可包括发送模块和接收模块。发送模块可以是发射机，接收模块可以是接收机。收发模块1820对应的实体可以是收发器，也可以是通信接口。
在一些可能的实施方式中，通信装置1800能够对应实现上述方法实施例中发送设备的行为和功能。例如通信装置1800可以为发送设备，也可以为应用于发送设备中的部件(例如芯片或者电路)。收发模块1820例如可以用于执行图5、图13、图16的实施例中由发送设备所执行的全部接收或发送操作，例如图5所示的实施例中的步骤502，图13所示的实施例中的步骤1301，图16所示的实施例中的步骤1601，和/或用于支持本文所描述的技术的其它过程。处理模块1810用于执行图5、图13、图16的实施例中由发送设备所执行的除了收发操作之外的全部操作，例如图5所示的实施例中的步骤501。
在一些可能的实施方式中，通信装置1800能够对应实现上述方法实施例中接收设备的行为和功能。例如通信装置1800可以为接收设备，也可以为应用于接收设备中的部件(例如芯片或者电路)。收发模块1820例如可以用于执行图5、图13、图16的实施例中由接收设备所执行的全部接收或发送操作，例如图5所示的实施例中的步骤502，图13所示的实施例中的步骤1301，图16所示的实施例中的步骤1601，和/或用于支持本文所描述的技术的其它过程。处理模块1810用于执行由接收设备所执行的除了收发操作之外的全部操作，例如图5所示的实施例中的步骤503，图13所示的实施例中的步骤1302，图16所示的实施例中的步骤1602。
图19为本申请实施例提供的另一种通信装置190的结构示意图。图19中的通信装置可以是上述发送设备，也可以是上述接收设备。
如图19所示，该通信装置190包括至少一个处理器1910和收发器1920。
在本申请的一些实施例中，处理器1910和收发器1920可以用于执行发送设备执行的功能或操作等。收发器1920例如执行图5、图13、图16的实施例中由发送设备所执行的全部接收或发送操作。处理器1910例如用于执行图5、图13、图16的实施例中由发送设备所执行的除了收发操作之外的全部操作。
在本申请的一些实施例中，处理器1910和收发器1920可以用于执行接收设备执行的功能或操作等。收发器1920例如执行图5、图13、图16的实施例中由接收设备所执行的全部接收或发送操作。处理器1910用于执行由接收设备所执行的除了收发操作之外的全部操作。
收发器1920用于通过传输介质和其他设备/装置进行通信。处理器1910利用收发器1920收发数据和/或信令，并用于实现上述方法实施例中的方法。处理器1910可实现处理模块1810的功能，收发器1920可实现收发模块1820的功能。
可选的，收发器1920可以包括射频电路和天线，射频电路主要用于基带信号与射频信号的转换以及对射频信号的处理。天线主要用于收发电磁波形式的射频信号。输入输出装置，例如触摸屏、显示屏，键盘等主要用于接收用户输入的数据以及对用户输出数据。
可选的，通信装置190还可以包括至少一个存储器1930，用于存储程序指令和/或数据。存储器1930和处理器1910耦合。本申请实施例中的耦合是装置、单元或模块之间的间接耦合或通信连接，可以是电性，机械或其它的形式，用于装置、单元或模块之间的信息交互。处理器1910可能和存储器1930协同操作。处理器1910可能执行存储器1930中存储的程序指令。该至少一个存储器中的至少一个可以包括于处理器中。
当通信装置190开机后，处理器1910可以读取存储器1930中的软件程序，解释并执行软件程序的指令，处理软件程序的数据。当需要通过无线发送数据时，处理器1910对待发送的数据进行基带处理后，输出基带信号至射频电路，射频电路将基带信号进行射频处理后将射频信号通过天线以电磁波的形式向外发送。当有数据发送到通信装置时，射频电路通过天线接收到射频信号，将射频信号转换为基带信号，并将基带信号输出至处理器1910，处理器1910将基带信号转换为数据并对该数据进行处理。
在另一种实现中，上述的射频电路和天线可以独立于进行基带处理的处理器而设置，例如在分布式场景中，射频电路和天线可以与独立于通信装置，呈拉远式的布置。
本申请实施例中不限定上述收发器1920、处理器1910以及存储器1930之间的具体连接介质。本申请实施例在图19中以存储器1930、处理器1910以及收发器1920之间通过总线1940连接，总线在图19中以粗线表示，其它部件之间的连接方式，仅是进行示意性说明，并不引以为限。该总线可以分为地址总线、数据总线、控制总线等。为便于表示，图19中仅用一条粗线表示，但并不表示仅有一根总线或一种类型的总线。
在本申请实施例中，处理器可以是通用处理器、数字信号处理器、专用集成电路、现场可编程门阵列或者其他可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件，可以实现或者执行本申请实施例中的公开的各方法、步骤及逻辑框图。通用处理器可以是微处理器或者任何常规的处理器等。结合本申请实施例所公开的方法的步骤可以直接体现为硬件处理器执行完成，或者用处理器中的硬件及软件模块组合执行完成。
图20为本申请实施例提供的另一种通信装置200的结构示意图。如图20所示，图20所示的通信装置包括逻辑电路2001和接口2002。图18中的处理模块1810可以用逻辑电路2001实现，图18中的收发模块1820可以用接口2002实现。其中，该逻辑电路2001可以为芯片、处理电路、集成电路或片上***(system on chip，SoC)芯片等，接口2002可以为通信接口、输入输出接口等。本申请实施例中，逻辑电路和接口还可以相互耦合。对于逻辑电路和接口的具体连接方式，本申请实施例不作限定。
在本申请的一些实施例中，该逻辑电路和接口可用于执行上述发送设备执行的功能或操作等。
在本申请的一些实施例中，该逻辑电路和接口可用于执行上述接收设备执行的功能或操作等。
本申请还提供一种计算机可读存储介质，该计算机可读存储介质中存储有计算机程序或指令，当计算机程序或指令在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行上述实施例的方法。
本申请还提供一种计算机程序产品，该计算机程序产品包括指令或计算机程序，当该指令或计算机程序在计算机上运行时，使得上述实施例中的方法被执行。
本申请还提供一种通信***，包括上述发送设备和上述接收设备。
以上所述，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以上述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (29)

  1. 一种通信方法，其特征在于，包括：
    生成第一信号，所述第一信号用于实现以下至少一项功能：小区搜索、时间同步、频率同步、时间跟踪、频率跟踪、测量；
    发送所述第一信号。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一信号包括第二信号和/或第三信号，所述第二信号为前导信号或主同步信号，所述第三信号为辅同步信号SSS或物理广播信道PBCH。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一信号包括所述第二信号和所述第三信号，所述第二信号由一个基序列通过重复或扩频的方式生成，所述第三信号的起始时域位置根据所述第二信号支持的最大时域长度的结束位置确定。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第三信号用于指示所述第二信号的重复次数、所述第二信号对应的覆盖等级、所述第二信号对应的扩频因子、所述第二信号的时域长度中的至少一项。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一信号包括第二信号和第三信号，所述第二信号用于实现时间同步或频率同步，所述第三信号携带如下至少一项：标识信息、周期信息、第一帧号、第一超帧号、第一周期索引、第二周期索引，所述标识信息为小区标识或发送设备的标识，周期信息为发送设备发送所述第一信号的周期，所述第一帧号为所述第一信号占用的多帧中的一帧的帧号，所述第一超帧号为所述第一信号所在超帧的超帧号，所述第一周期索引为一个超帧内所述第一信号的周期的索引，所述第二周期索引为一个超帧或寻呼时间窗内所述第一信号所在的寻呼周期的索引。
  6. 根据权利要求2至5任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第三信号包括第一指示信息，所述第一指示信息用于指示所述第一信号包括或不包括所述下行数据。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一信号包括第二信号、第三信号以及下行数据，所述第二信号为前导信号或主同步信号，所述第三信号为辅同步信号SSS或PBCH，所述第三信号作为所述下行数据的前导信号。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述发送所述第一信号包括：
    在多个频率单元或多个时域单元上发送多个所述第一信号，所述多个第一信号中的任意两个对应不同的覆盖等级、重复等级或扩频因子，所述多个第一信号用于接收设备确定测量量，所述测量量为满足预设条件时，所述第一信号的最低覆盖等级、最小重复次数或最小扩频因子。
  9. 根据权利要求1至7任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述发送所述第一信号包括：
    按照最高覆盖等级、最大重复次数或者最大扩频因子，发送所述第一信号；所述第一信号用于接收设备确定测量量，所述测量量为满足预设条件时，所述第一信号的最低覆盖等级、最小重复次数或最小扩频因子。
  10. 根据权利要求8或9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述预设条件为所述接收设备正确检测所述第一信号，或者，所述预设条件为所述接收设备在预设配置假设下正确检测所述第一信号，或者，所述预设条件为预设配置假设下第一指标小于或等于阈值，所述第一指标为以下至少一项：所述第一信号的误块率，所述第一信号的误包率，所述第一信号的漏检率，所述第一信号的错检率，所述第一信号的虚警率。
  11. 根据权利要求1至10任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一信号的保护带的带宽大于或者等于下行数据的保护带的带宽。
  12. 根据权利要求1至11任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一信号的调制方式为通断键控OOK、振幅键控ASK、频移键控FSK中的任一种。
  13. 一种通信方法，其特征在于，包括：
    接收第一信号；
    利用第一信号实现以下至少一项功能：小区搜索、时间同步、频率同步、时间跟踪、频率跟踪、测量。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一信号包括第二信号和/或第三信号，所述第二信号为前导信号或主同步信号，所述第三信号为辅同步信号SSS或物理广播信道PBCH。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一信号包括所述第二信号和所述第三信号，所述第二信号由一个基序列通过重复或扩频的方式生成，所述第三信号的起始时域位置根据所述第二信号支持的最大时域长度的结束位置确定。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第三信号用于指示所述第二信号的重复次数、所述第二信号对应的覆盖等级、所述第二信号对应的扩频因子、所述第二信号的时域长度中的至少一项。
  17. 根据权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一信号包括第二信号和第三信号，所述第二信号用于实现时间同步或频率同步，所述第三信号携带如下至少一项：标识信息、周期信息、第一帧号、第一超帧号、第一周期索引、第二周期索引，所述标识信息为小区标识或发送设备的标识，周期信息为发送设备发送所述第一信号的周期，所述第一帧号为所述第一信号占用的多帧中的一帧的帧号，所述第一超帧号为所述第一信号所在超帧的超帧号，所述第一周期索引为一个超帧内所述第一信号的周期的索引，所述第二周期索引为一个超帧或寻呼时间窗内所述第一信号所在的寻呼周期的索引。
  18. 根据权利要求14至17任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第三信号包括第一指示信息，所述第一指示信息用于指示所述第一信号包括或不包括所述下行数据。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一信号包括第二信号、第三信号以及下行数据，所述第二信号为前导信号或主同步信号，所述第三信号为辅同步信号SSS或PBCH，所述第三信号作为所述下行数据的前导信号。
  20. 根据权利要求13至19任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述接收所述第一信号包括：
    在多个频率单元或多个时域单元上接收多个所述第一信号，所述多个第一信号中的任意两个对应不同的覆盖等级、重复等级或扩频因子；
    将满足预设条件时，所述第一信号的最低覆盖等级、最小重复次数或最小扩频因子作为测量量。
  21. 根据权利要求13至19任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一信号为发送设备按照最高覆盖等级、最大重复次数或者最大扩频因子发送的；所述接收所述第一信号包括：
    将满足预设条件时，所述第一信号的最低覆盖等级、最小重复次数或最小扩频因子作为测量量。
  22. 根据权利要求20或21所述的方法，其特征在于，所述预设条件为所述接收设备正确检测所述第一信号，或者，所述预设条件为所述接收设备在预设配置假设下正确检测所述第一信号，或者，所述预设条件为预设配置假设下第一指标小于或等于阈值，所述第一指标为以下至少一项：所述第一信号的误块率，所述第一信号的误包率，所述第一信号的漏检率，所述第一信号的错检率，所述第一信号的虚警率。
  23. 根据权利要求13至22任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一信号的保护带的带宽大于或者等于下行数据的保护带的带宽。
  24. 根据权利要求13至23任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一信号的调制方式为OOK、ASK、 FSK中的任一种。
  25. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，包括用于实现权利要求1至12中任一项所述的方法的模块或单元。
  26. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，包括用于实现权利要求13至24中任一项所述的方法的模块或单元。
  27. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，所述计算机可读存储介质中存储有计算机程序，所述计算机程序包括程序指令，所述程序指令被执行时使得计算机执行如权利要求1至12中任一项所述的方法，或者，所述程序指令被执行时使得计算机执行如权利要求13至24中任一项所述的方法。
  28. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，包括处理器，所述处理器，所述处理器用于在执行指令时，使得所述通信装置执行如权利要求1至12任一项所述的方法，或者，使得所述通信装置执行如权利要求13至24任一项所述的方法。
  29. 一种芯片，其特征在于，所述芯片包括处理器与通信接口，所述处理器通过所述通信接口读取存储器上存储的指令，执行如权利要求1至12任一项所述的方法，或者，执行如权利要求13至24任一项所述的方法。
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