WO2024040481A1 - 光学组件、投影显示介质、光学***及运载工具 - Google Patents

光学组件、投影显示介质、光学***及运载工具 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024040481A1
WO2024040481A1 PCT/CN2022/114614 CN2022114614W WO2024040481A1 WO 2024040481 A1 WO2024040481 A1 WO 2024040481A1 CN 2022114614 W CN2022114614 W CN 2022114614W WO 2024040481 A1 WO2024040481 A1 WO 2024040481A1
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Prior art keywords
layer
light
phase modulation
projection
modulation layer
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PCT/CN2022/114614
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
童开年
赵东峰
周鹏程
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华为技术有限公司
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Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2022/114614 priority Critical patent/WO2024040481A1/zh
Priority to CN202280078654.9A priority patent/CN118318199A/zh
Publication of WO2024040481A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024040481A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of optical technology, and in particular to an optical component, a projection display medium, an optical system and a carrier.
  • the transparent display system includes a projection light source and a projection display medium.
  • the projection light source emits projection light to the projection display medium, and the projection display medium reflects the projection light to achieve imaging.
  • projection display media can be transparent, which can not only reflect projection light but also transmit ambient light. In this way, viewers on the display side of the projection display medium can not only see the projected image formed by the projection light, but also see the environment behind the projection display medium, thereby achieving a transparent display effect.
  • projection display can be achieved using the vehicle's glass as a carrier, such as the front windshield, side window glass, or top window glass.
  • ambient light will affect the contrast of the projected image, thereby affecting the effect of the projection display.
  • This application provides an optical component, a projection display medium, an optical system and a carrier.
  • the optical component has an adjustable light transmittance.
  • the optical component can be adjusted by adjusting the optical component.
  • the light transmittance adjusts the contrast of the projected image to improve the effect of the projection display.
  • an optical component including: a light modulation layer, a first phase modulation layer and a second phase modulation layer.
  • the light transmittance of the light-adjusting layer is adjustable.
  • the light-adjusting layer receives ambient light and transmits the ambient light at a first light transmittance.
  • the first light transmittance here refers to the adjusted transmittance of the light-adjusting layer.
  • Light transmittance after adjusting the light transmittance of the light modulating layer to the first light transmittance, the light modulating layer can transmit ambient light at the first light transmittance.
  • One side of the first phase modulation layer receives the ambient light transmitted by the light modulation layer, and after performing first phase modulation on the received ambient light, the light is emitted from another side of the first phase modulation layer.
  • side is incident on the second phase modulation layer; one side of the second phase modulation layer receives the ambient light emitted from the first phase modulation layer, and performs a second phase on the received ambient light After modulation, it is emitted from the other side of the second phase modulation layer.
  • the film layer in this application has two opposite surfaces perpendicular to its thickness direction, and one side and the other side of the film layer can be the two sides where these two surfaces are located.
  • Phase modulation of light can change the characteristics of light (such as propagation state, energy distribution, etc.).
  • the first phase modulation is used to compensate the second phase modulation, or the second phase modulation is used to compensate the first phase modulation.
  • one phase modulation compensates for another phase modulation, which means that one phase modulation is used to offset (or alleviate) the change of the characteristics of the light caused by the other phase modulation.
  • the optical component provided by the embodiment of the present application can not only control the transmittance of ambient light, but also have less impact on the characteristics of the transmitted ambient light.
  • the ambient light can be regarded as being transmitted through the optical component.
  • the light transmittance of the light modulating layer is adjustable, and the light modulating layer can transmit ambient light at the first light transmittance, and the first phase modulation layer and the second phase modulation layer can transmit ambient light through the light modulating layer,
  • the influence of the characteristics of the optical component is small. In this way, when the optical component is used to transparently display projected images, the optical component can not only transmit ambient light, but also control the transmittance of ambient light, realizing the control of the optical component. Control of light transmittance. Therefore, the amount of ambient light transmitted through the optical component can be adjusted as needed to adjust the contrast of the projected image and improve the effect of the projection display.
  • the optical components provided by this application may be used to transparently display projected images, or may not be used to transparently display projected images.
  • the optical component can be attached to doors and windows to adjust the transparency of doors and windows.
  • the optical component provided by the present application has an adjustable light transmittance. Therefore, the light transmittance of the optical component can be flexibly adjusted according to needs.
  • the light-adjusting layer can adjust the light transmittance in a variety of ways.
  • the light-adjusting layer uses electronic control to adjust the light transmittance as an example. It can be understood that the light transmittance of the light-switching layer may not be adjusted by electronic control.
  • the light-switching layer may use magnetic control to adjust the light transmittance, or the light-switching layer may use mechanical control to adjust the light transmittance. , this application does not limit this.
  • the light-adjusting layer uses electronic control to adjust the light transmittance
  • the light-adjusting layer is used to adjust the light transmittance under the control of electrical signals.
  • the light modulation layer includes: a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer, and an optical layer located between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer; the optical layer is used to Changes in the loaded electrical signal adjust the light transmittance.
  • the electrical signal such as voltage
  • the electric field between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer changes, and the optical layer can adjust the light transmission according to the change in the electric field. Rate.
  • the optical layer in the light modulation layer may be any film layer capable of adjusting light transmittance according to changes in electrical signals loaded on the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer.
  • the optical layer is one of a polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer (polymer dispersed liquid crystal, PDLC), an electrochromism (EC) layer, or a suspended particle (SP) layer.
  • PDLC polymer dispersed liquid crystal
  • EC electrochromism
  • SP suspended particle
  • the optical layer 013 may not be a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal layer, an electrochromic layer or a suspended particle layer, which is not limited in this application.
  • the projection light source can project the projection light to the side where the second phase modulation layer of the optical component is located, so as to form a projection image on this side of the optical component.
  • the other side of the second phase modulation layer receives the projection light, performs third phase modulation on the received projection light, and then emits it from the other side of the second phase modulation layer. to the target area.
  • phase modulation of light can change the characteristics of the light.
  • the second phase modulation layer can change the characteristics of the projection light by performing the third phase modulation of the projection light. , so that the projection light subjected to the third phase modulation is directed to the above-mentioned target area.
  • the projection light is emitted to the above-mentioned target area, when the viewer is located in the target area, the viewer can see the projected image presented by the projection light, but when the viewer is located outside the target area, the viewer will not see the projected image. to the projected image presented by the projected light. It can be seen that when the optical component is used to transparently display a projected image, the optical component can achieve the effect of directional projection to the target area.
  • the second phase modulation layer can perform third phase modulation on the projection light in various ways.
  • the second phase modulation layer includes: a body layer, a reflection layer and a particle layer; the reflection layer and the particle layer are located in the body layer and the first phase modulation layer. between; and, the reflective layer is located between the body layer and the particle layer, or the particle layer is located between the body layer and the reflective layer; the body layer is close to the first One side of the phase modulation layer has a first zigzag structure; the body layer is light-transmitting, and the reflective layer reflects the projection light transmitted by the body layer;
  • the first sawtooth structure may be called a Fresnel sawtooth structure.
  • the first sawtooth structure includes a plurality of teeth arranged in sequence.
  • the period, corresponding distance and/or corresponding inclination angle of these teeth continuously changes along the arrangement direction of these teeth. .
  • Parameters such as the period, corresponding distance and corresponding tilt angle of these teeth can be set according to the location of the target area and the location of the projection light source, so that the projection light can be transmitted to the target area.
  • the particle layer may include a plurality of particles. Under the action of the particles in the particle layer, the surface of the reflective layer is uneven, so that the reflective layer can scatter the projection light when reflecting the projection light. Since the projection light will be reflected and scattered on the reflective layer, the viewer can see the projected image at any position within the target area, and the scattering angle of the scattered projection light can also be designed to adjust the projection The size of the target area to which light is transmitted.
  • a side of the first phase modulation layer close to the second phase modulation layer has a second sawtooth structure matching the first sawtooth structure.
  • it can be regarded as the first phase modulation layer 02 filling up the second phase modulation layer 03 , or the second phase modulation layer 03 filling up the first phase modulation layer 02 .
  • the refractive index of the first phase modulation layer is the same as (or may be different from) the refractive index of the body layer.
  • the first phase modulation layer, particle layer, reflective layer and body layer all transmit ambient light.
  • the first phase modulation that the ambient light passes through in the first phase modulation layer is related to the second sawtooth structure in the first phase modulation layer
  • the second phase modulation that the ambient light passes through in the second phase modulation layer is related to the first phase modulation of the body layer.
  • sawtooth structure Since the first zigzag structure of the body layer matches the second zigzag structure of the first phase modulation layer, and the refractive index of the first phase modulation layer is the same as the refractive index of the body layer, the ambient light is modulated in the first phase
  • the processing done on the layer can roughly cancel out the processing done by the ambient light on the body layer. Therefore, the first phase modulation of the ambient light on the first phase modulation layer can compensate for the second phase modulation of the ambient light on the second phase modulation layer, or the second phase modulation can compensate for the first phase modulation.
  • the refractive index of the particle layer can also be the same as the refractive index of the bulk layer.
  • the first phase modulation layer, the particle layer and the bulk layer all have the same refractive index.
  • the processing of the ambient light on the first phase modulation layer and the processing of the ambient light on the body layer and the particle layer can be roughly offset. Therefore, the compensation effect of the first phase modulation on the second phase modulation can be improved, or the compensation effect of the second phase modulation on the first phase modulation can be improved.
  • the refractive index of ambient light on the reflective layer can also be the same as the refractive index of the body layer.
  • the compensation effect of the first phase modulation on the second phase modulation can also be improved, or the compensation effect of the second phase modulation on the first phase modulation can be improved.
  • the processing of the ambient light on the first phase modulation layer is the same as the processing of the ambient light on the second phase modulation layer. The processing can roughly offset the compensation effect of the first phase modulation on the second phase modulation (or improve the compensation effect of the second phase modulation on the first phase modulation).
  • the refractive index of the particle layer can also be different from the refractive index of the body layer, and the refractive index of ambient light on the reflective layer can also be different from the refractive index of the body layer, which is not limited in this application.
  • the performance of the reflective layer may be related to the wavelength of the projection light emitted by the projection light source.
  • the wavelength of the projection light is at least one wavelength.
  • the reflective layer reflects the light of the at least one wavelength and transmits the light except the at least one wavelength.
  • Light of other wavelengths other than; or, the projection light is polarized light in the target polarization direction, and for the light incident from the side where the projection light source is located, the reflective layer reflects the polarized light in the target polarization direction, and transmits the light except the target polarization direction.
  • the reflective layer can selectively reflect the light with the characteristics according to the characteristics of the projection light, and transmit the light without the characteristics.
  • the reflective layer can reflect more projection light so that more projection light is transmitted to the target area, thereby improving the brightness of the projection light seen by the viewer and improving the projection display effect without affecting the The transmission of ambient light; in addition, it can also improve the utilization of projection light, achieve energy saving and reduce power consumption.
  • a projection display medium includes any of the optical components provided in the first aspect, and the projection display medium may further include: at least one of a first transparent layer and a second transparent layer. Both the first transparent layer and the second transparent layer may be made of transparent materials such as glass. The first transparent layer is located on a side of the light modulation layer away from the first phase modulation layer, and the second transparent layer is located on a side of the second phase modulation layer away from the first phase modulation layer. Wherein, when the projection display medium includes a first transparent layer, the first transparent layer can protect the light modulation layer; when the projection display medium includes a second transparent layer, the second transparent layer can protect the second phase The protective effect of the modulation layer.
  • the projection display medium including at least one layer of the first transparent layer and the second transparent layer will be described below through three examples.
  • the projection display medium includes a first transparent layer and a second transparent layer. Both the first transparent layer and the second transparent layer can be made of glass. In this case, the projection display medium can be the front windshield of the vehicle. Glass, side or roof glass.
  • the projection display medium includes a first transparent layer, which is the front windshield, side window glass or roof window glass of the vehicle.
  • the optical component can be attached (such as attached or electrostatically adsorbed) on the first transparent layer, and the optical component is located outside the vehicle.
  • the projection display medium includes a second transparent layer, and the second transparent layer is the front windshield, side window glass or roof window glass of the vehicle.
  • the optical component can be attached (such as attached or electrostatically adsorbed) on the second transparent layer, and the optical component is located inside the vehicle.
  • the projection display medium when the projection display medium includes a second transparent layer, the projection display medium may include a first transparent layer and a second transparent layer, or the projection display medium may not include the first transparent layer and include the second transparent layer.
  • the projection display medium also includes: a brightness enhancement layer.
  • the other side of the second phase modulation layer receives the projection light that sequentially passes through the brightness enhancement layer and the second transparent layer, and performs third phase modulation on the received projection light, from the The other side of the second phase modulation layer passes through the second transparent layer and the brightness enhancement layer in sequence and then exits to the target area; the second phase modulation layer performs a second phase on the received ambient light.
  • the projection display medium with the brightness enhancement layer provided by the present application can receive more projection light, and perform the third phase modulation on more of the projection light before transmitting it to target area, thereby improving the brightness of the projection light seen by the viewer and improving the projection display effect.
  • the performance of the brightness enhancement layer is related to the wavelength of the projection light emitted by the projection light source.
  • the wavelength of the projection light emitted by the projection light source is at least one wavelength.
  • the brightness enhancement layer can transmit the light of the at least one wavelength and reflect the light other than the at least one wavelength.
  • Light of other wavelengths; alternatively, the projection light emitted by the projection light source is polarized light in the target polarization direction.
  • the brightness enhancement layer can transmit polarized light in the target polarization direction and reflect light in other than the target polarization direction. Light other than polarized light.
  • the brightness enhancement layer can selectively transmit the light with the characteristics according to the characteristics of the projection light, and reflect the light without the characteristics.
  • the brightness enhancement layer can transmit more projection light, so that more projection light can be transmitted to the target area, thereby improving the brightness of the projection light seen by the viewer and improving the projection display effect; in addition, It can also improve the utilization of projection light, achieve energy saving and reduce power consumption.
  • an optical system including: a projection light source, and the optical component described in any design of the first aspect or the projection display medium described in any design of the second aspect.
  • the projection light source is used to project projection light to the other side of the second phase modulation layer in the optical assembly.
  • the projection light undergoes third phase modulation on the optical component and then is transmitted to the target area on the side where the projection light source is located, so that viewers in the target area can see the projection image.
  • a delivery vehicle including: the optical system described in any one of the designs in the second aspect.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical component provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is an exploded schematic diagram of an optical component provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a light modulation layer provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the transmission of ambient light when the light-modulating layer is opaque according to an embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of projection light transmission provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of an optical component provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of another optical component provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of another optical component provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a second phase modulation layer provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic structural diagram of another second phase modulation layer provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of a first sawtooth structure in a second phase modulation layer provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of another projection light transmission provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of a first sawtooth structure in another second phase modulation layer provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of a first sawtooth structure in yet another second phase modulation layer provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 15 is a schematic structural diagram of yet another second phase modulation layer provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 16 is a schematic structural diagram of a projection display medium provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 17 is a schematic structural diagram of another projection display medium provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 18 is a schematic structural diagram of yet another projection display medium provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 19 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 20 is a schematic structural diagram of another optical system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • optical systems also known as transparent display systems
  • This optical system includes a projection light source and a projection display medium, wherein the projection light source can emit projection light to the projection display medium, and the projection display medium is used to reflect the projection light and transmit ambient light. Viewers on the display side of the projection display medium can not only see the projected image formed by the projected light, but also see the environment behind the projection display medium, thereby achieving a transparent display effect.
  • optical components can be attached to the glass of the vehicle (such as the front windshield, side window glass, or top window glass, etc.) as a projection display medium.
  • the light generated by the projection light source is imaged through optical elements and projected onto the projection display medium to display the image.
  • the image generation method may include, for example, thin film transistor (TFT) liquid crystal screen (TFT-LCD) technology, digital light processing (digital light processing) light processing (DLP) technology and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology.
  • TFT thin film transistor
  • TFT-LCD liquid crystal screen
  • DLP digital light processing
  • MEMS microelectromechanical systems
  • the working principle of TFT-LCD technology is that after the LCD backlight source is illuminated, the thin film transistor integrated behind each pixel of the LCD panel drives the liquid crystal molecules to rotate to change the polarization state of the light source, thereby presenting different light and dark gray scales, and then through the red Red green blue (RGB) color filters present color images.
  • DLP technology uses a digital micromirror device as the main optical control element to adjust the reflected light and achieve projection imaging on the uniform light sheet.
  • MEMS technology uses a three-primary monochromatic laser with higher power as the light source. The laser is integrated and scanned by optical components and processing chips and then projected on the display screen.
  • the transparent display system can be used to display information such as speed, navigation, rotation speed, mileage, fuel level, remaining power, warning information, prompt information, weather information, video, etc. on the optical components.
  • the optical component is attached to the front windshield, and the transparent display system can be used to display the information displayed on the instrument (such as speed, navigation, rotation speed, mileage, fuel level, remaining power, warning information, prompt information, etc.) through the optical component.
  • the transparent display system can be used to display the information displayed on the instrument (such as speed, navigation, rotation speed, mileage, fuel level, remaining power, warning information, prompt information, etc.) through the optical component.
  • the driver's line of sight needs to switch back and forth between the road and the instrument, which can easily lead to visual fatigue and distraction; and if the vehicle is equipped with With a transparent display system, the driver's line of sight is reduced from switching back and forth between the road and the instrument, which will not easily lead to visual fatigue and distraction.
  • the transparent display system allows the driver to avoid looking away from the road. Move up to get driving information.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide an optical component whose transmittance to ambient light is adjustable, so that the amount of ambient light entering the human eye can be adjusted as needed to adjust the contrast of the projected image and improve the projection display. Effect.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical component provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 1 shows the cross-sectional structure of the optical component.
  • the optical component includes: a light modulation layer 01 , a first phase modulation layer 02 and a second phase modulation layer 03 . These three film layers will be introduced separately below.
  • the light transmittance of the light-adjusting layer 01 is adjustable (also called haze adjustable).
  • the light modulation layer 01 receives ambient light and transmits the ambient light at a first light transmittance.
  • the first light transmittance here refers to the adjusted light transmittance of the light modulating layer 01. After the light transmittance of the light modulating layer 01 is adjusted to the first light transmittance, the light modulating layer 01 can be in the first light transmittance state. Transmits ambient light at the light rate.
  • the first light transmittance of the light-adjusting layer 01 may not be a fixed light transmittance.
  • the light transmittance of the light-adjusting layer 01 may be adjusted to the required first light transmittance as needed. Transmittance. For example, when the light transmittance of the light modulating layer 01 is required to be 100%, the light transmittance of the light modulating layer 01 can be adjusted to 100%. In this case, the first light transmittance is 100%.
  • the light transmittance of the light modulating layer 01 is required to be 50%
  • the light transmittance of the light modulating layer 01 can be adjusted to 50%. In this case, the first light transmittance is 50%.
  • the light transmittance of the light modulating layer 01 is required to be 0%, the light transmittance of the light modulating layer 01 can be adjusted to 0%, in which case the first light transmittance is 0%.
  • One side of the first phase modulation layer 02 receives the ambient light transmitted by the light modulation layer 01, and after performing the first phase modulation on the received ambient light, it is incident on the third phase from the other side of the first phase modulation layer 02.
  • Two phase modulation layer 03. For example, one side of the first phase modulation layer 02 is close to the light modulation layer 01, and the other side of the first phase modulation layer 02 is away from the light modulation layer 01; the ambient light emitted from the light modulation layer 01 will enter the first phase modulation layer 01.
  • the film layer in the embodiment of the present application has two opposite surfaces perpendicular to its thickness direction.
  • One side and the other side of the film layer may be the two sides where the two surfaces are located.
  • the first phase modulation layer 02 has a surface 021 and a surface 022 perpendicular to its thickness direction
  • One side of the second phase modulation layer 03 receives the ambient light emitted from the first phase modulation layer 02, and after performing the second phase modulation on the received ambient light, from the other side of the second phase modulation layer 03 Shoot out.
  • one side of the second phase modulation layer 03 is close to the first phase modulation layer 02, and the other side of the second phase modulation layer 03 is away from the first phase modulation layer 02; the ambient light emitted from the first phase modulation layer 02 It will enter one side of the second phase modulation layer 03, and after undergoing the second phase modulation in the second phase modulation layer 03, it will emit from the second phase modulation layer 03 from the other side of the second phase modulation layer 03.
  • the second phase modulation layer 03 has a surface 031 and a surface 032 perpendicular to its thickness direction The other side of the phase modulation layer 03.
  • the first phase modulation is used to compensate the second phase modulation, or the second phase modulation is used to compensate the first phase modulation. Therefore, one of the first phase modulation layer 02 and the second phase modulation layer 03 can be called a phase compensation layer, and the other is called a phase modulation layer.
  • the first phase modulation layer 02 is called a phase compensation layer
  • the second phase modulation layer 03 is called a phase compensation layer.
  • Layer 03 is called the phase modulation layer.
  • one phase modulation compensates for another phase modulation, which means that one phase modulation is used to offset (or alleviate) the change of the characteristics of the light caused by the other phase modulation.
  • the optical component provided by the embodiment of the present application can not only control the transmittance of ambient light, but also have less impact on the characteristics of the transmitted ambient light.
  • ambient light can be seen as being transmitted through the optical component.
  • the optical component is used for projection display, the viewer on the other side of the second phase modulation layer can see the optical component through the optical component. the subsequent environment.
  • Phase modulation of light (such as the above-mentioned first phase modulation and second phase modulation) can change the characteristics of light (such as propagation state, energy distribution, etc.).
  • the phase modulation function of the structure used to phase modulate light in the embodiment of the present application can be related to the geometric shape of the structure and/or each area in the structure. related to the refractive index. By designing the geometry of the structure and/or the refractive index of each area in the structure, the structure's phase modulation function of light is achieved.
  • the surfaces of the first phase modulation layer 02 and the second phase modulation layer 03 that are close to each other are set as zigzag surfaces that match each other, so that the light passes through mutually compensated phases in the first phase modulation layer 02 and the second phase modulation layer 03 Modulation; for another example, the surfaces of the first phase modulation layer 02 and the second phase modulation layer 03 that are close to each other are set as the surfaces of relief gratings that match each other, so that the light in the first phase modulation layer 02 and the second phase modulation layer 03 Phase modulation after mutual compensation; for another example, by designing the refractive index of each area in the first phase modulation layer 02 and the second phase modulation layer 03, the first phase modulation layer 02 and the second phase modulation layer 03 form functional compensation for each other. grating, thereby causing the light to undergo mutually compensated phase modulation in the first phase modulation layer 02 and the second phase modulation layer 03 .
  • Adjacent layers in the optical component provided by the present application may be in contact with each other, or there may be other layers between the adjacent layers (not shown in the drawings).
  • there may be other layers between the light modulation layer 01 and the first phase modulation layer 02 such as a transparent layer used to support the light modulation layer 01 and the first phase modulation layer 02.
  • the contacting film layers in the optical component can be bonded together using methods such as gluing or electrostatic adhesion, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the optical component provided by the embodiment of the present application includes: a light modulation layer, a first phase modulation layer and a second phase modulation layer.
  • the light transmittance of the light modulating layer is adjustable, and the light modulating layer can transmit ambient light at a first light transmittance, and the first phase modulation layer and the second phase modulation layer can transmit ambient light through the light modulating layer.
  • the characteristics of light have less influence.
  • the optical component can not only transmit ambient light, but also control the transmittance of ambient light, realizing the control of the optical component. Control of light transmittance. Therefore, the amount of ambient light transmitted through the optical component can be adjusted as needed to adjust the contrast of the projected image and improve the effect of the projection display.
  • the light transmittance of the light-adjusting layer can be adjusted to be lower, thereby reducing the ambient light transmitted through the optical components. At this time, the ambient light has less impact on the projection light, and the projection The image display effect is better.
  • the light transmittance of the light-adjusting layer can be adjusted to be higher, thereby increasing the ambient light transmitted through the optical components. At this time, the transparency of the optical components is higher, and the transparent display effect is better. .
  • the optical components provided by the embodiments of the present application may be used to transparently display projection images, or may not be used to transparently display projection images.
  • the optical component can be attached to doors and windows to adjust the transparency of doors and windows.
  • Optical components can also be used in other scenarios, and the embodiments of this application will not list them one by one here.
  • the light transmittance of the optical component provided by the embodiments of the present application is adjustable. Therefore, the light transmittance of the optical component can be flexibly adjusted as needed.
  • the light-adjusting layer 01 can adjust the light transmittance in a variety of ways.
  • the light-adjusting layer 01 adjusts the light transmittance in an electronically controlled manner as an example.
  • the light transmittance of the light-adjusting layer 01 may not be adjusted by electronic control.
  • the light-adjusting layer 01 may be adjusted by magnetic control, or the light-adjusting layer 01 may be adjusted by mechanical control.
  • the light transmittance is not limited in the embodiments of this application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a light modulation layer 01 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the light modulation layer 01 includes: a first electrode layer 011 and a second electrode layer 012, and a The optical layer 013 between the electrode layer 011 and the second electrode layer 012; the material of the first electrode layer 011 and the second electrode layer 012 can be a transparent conductive material, such as indium tin oxide.
  • the optical layer 013 is used to adjust the light transmittance based on changes in electrical signals loaded on the first electrode layer 011 and the second electrode layer 012 .
  • the electrical signal (such as voltage) loaded on the first electrode layer 011 and the second electrode layer 012 changes, the electric field between the first electrode layer 011 and the second electrode layer 012 changes, and the optical layer 013 can respond to the electric field. Change to adjust the light transmittance.
  • the light transmittance of the optical layer 013 is 0%
  • the light transmittance of the light modulation layer 01 is 0%.
  • ambient light cannot pass through the light modulation layer 01.
  • the light transmittance of the optical layer 013 is approximately 100%.
  • the light transmittance of the light modulating layer 01 is about 100%.
  • the light modulating layer 01 is almost completely transparent.
  • ambient light can pass through the light modulating layer 01. It can be understood that this is an example of adjusting the light transmittance of the light modulating layer 01 shown in FIG. 3.
  • the second electrode layer 012 loads an electrical signal, and the magnitude of the electrical signal that needs to be loaded on the first electrode layer 011 and the second electrode layer 012 realizes the adjustment of the light transmittance of the light modulation layer 01 .
  • the optical layer 013 in the light modulating layer 01 can be any film layer that can adjust the light transmittance according to changes in the electrical signals loaded on the first electrode layer 011 and the second electrode layer 012 .
  • the optical layer 013 is one of a polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer, an electrochromic layer or a suspended particle layer.
  • the polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer includes a plurality of liquid crystals, and the liquid crystals can be deflected under the action of the electric field between the first electrode layer 011 and the second electrode layer 012 to change the light transmittance of the polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer.
  • the electrochromic layer can change color under the action of the electric field between the first electrode layer 011 and the second electrode layer 012, thereby changing the light transmittance of the electrochromic layer.
  • the suspended particle layer includes a plurality of suspended particles, similar to the polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer.
  • the suspended particles in the suspended particle layer can be deflected under the action of the electric field between the first electrode layer 011 and the second electrode layer 012 to change the properties of the suspended particle layer. Transmittance.
  • the optical layer 013 may not be a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal layer, an electrochromic layer or a suspended particle layer, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the projection light source can project the projection light to the side where the second phase modulation layer of the optical component is located, so as to form a projection light on this side of the optical component.
  • Project image For example, as shown in FIG. 5 , the other side of the second phase modulation layer 03 (the side away from the light modulation layer 01 ) receives the projection light, and performs third phase modulation on the received projection light, and then modulates the projection light from the second phase modulation layer 03 .
  • the other side of the phase modulation layer 03 exits to the target area Q.
  • phase modulation of light can change the characteristics of the light.
  • the second phase modulation layer 03 can change the projection light by performing the third phase modulation of the projection light. characteristics, so that the projection light subjected to the third phase modulation is emitted to the above-mentioned target area Q.
  • the projection light is emitted to the above-mentioned target area, when the viewer is located in the target area, the viewer can see the projected image presented by the projection light, but when the viewer is located outside the target area, the viewer will not see the projected image. to the projected image presented by the projected light. It can be seen that when the optical component is used to transparently display a projected image, the optical component can achieve the effect of directional projection to the target area. It is assumed that the viewer in the passenger seat of the vehicle is located in the target area, and the viewer in the driver's seat of the vehicle is located outside the target area.
  • the optical component can transmit the projected light to the target area so that the viewer in the passenger seat can see the projected image, while the viewer in the main driver's seat will not see the projected image, thereby reducing the impact of the projected image on the main driver's seat. Viewer Impact.
  • the optical component is attached to the front windshield of the vehicle, and the projection light emitted by the projection light source is emitted to the target area where the passenger seat is located through the optical component.
  • the viewer in the passenger seat can see the projected image presented by the projection light, and because the ambient light can pass through the optical component, the viewer in the passenger seat can also see the environment behind the front windshield.
  • the viewer in the main driver's seat cannot see the projected image presented by the projection light, so the display of the projected image has less impact on the viewer in the main driver's seat.
  • the projection light emitted by the projection light source can be emitted to the target area where the main driver's seat is located through the optical component, so as to facilitate the driver in the main driver's seat to understand driving information in a timely manner, reduce sight shifts, and improve driving safety.
  • the target area includes the area where the passenger seat and rear seats of the vehicle are located, and the main driver's seat is outside the target area.
  • viewers in the passenger seat and rear seats can see the projected image presented by the projected light, and because ambient light can pass through the optical components, these viewers can also see the environment behind the front windshield. .
  • the viewer in the main driver's seat cannot see the projected image presented by the projection light, so the display of the projected image has less impact on the viewer in the main driver's seat.
  • the optical component is attached to the side window glass of the vehicle, and the projection light emitted by the projection light source is emitted through the optical component to the target area where the rear seats are located.
  • viewers in the back seats can see the projected image presented by the projection light, and since ambient light can pass through the optical components, viewers in the back seats can also see the environment behind the side window glass.
  • the viewers in the main driver's seat nor the passenger's seat can see the projected image presented by the projection light, and the display of the projected image has less impact on the viewer in the main driver's seat.
  • the target area is an example of a partial area on the side of the second phase modulation layer 03 away from the first phase modulation layer 02 . It can be understood that the target area can also be a part of the second phase modulation layer 03 away from the first phase. For all areas on one side of the modulation layer 02, the size and position of the target area are not limited in this embodiment.
  • the second phase modulation layer can perform third phase modulation on the projection light in various ways.
  • the second phase modulation layer can use a special geometric shape (such as the first sawtooth structure described below) to perform third phase modulation on the projection light by reflecting and scattering the projection light.
  • a special geometric shape such as the first sawtooth structure described below
  • the second phase modulation layer 03 includes: a body layer 031 , a reflective layer 032 and a particle layer 033 .
  • the reflective layer 032 and the particle layer 033 are located between the body layer 031 and the first phase modulation layer 02; and the reflective layer 032 is located between the body layer 031 and the particle layer 033.
  • the particle layer 033 may include multiple particles (which may be called scattering particles). The embodiments of the present application do not limit the size and number of these particles. In order to facilitate the illustration of these particles in Figure 9, the sizes of these particles are drawn larger; The size of these particles is actually small. When the size of these particles is small to a certain extent, the second phase modulation layer shown in Figure 9 can be as shown in Figure 10.
  • the particle layer 033 and the reflective layer 032 can be similar.
  • the reflective layer 032 and the particle layer 033 can be understood as reflective layers.
  • the surface of the reflective layer is microscopically rough or uneven, so that the reflective layer can scatter the projection light when reflecting the projection light.
  • the side of the body layer 031 close to the first phase modulation layer 02 has a first sawtooth structure 0311.
  • the main body layer 031 transmits light, and the reflective layer 032 reflects the projection light transmitted by the main body layer 031 .
  • the projection light After the projection light is directed to the side of the body layer 031 away from the reflection layer 032, the projection light will pass through the body layer 031 and then reach the reflection layer 032; the reflection layer 032 will reflect the projection light to the body layer 031; the projection light will be transmitted again After passing through the body layer 031, it can be shot toward the target area from the side of the body layer 031 away from the reflective layer 032.
  • the first sawtooth structure 0311 may be called a Fresnel sawtooth structure. As shown in FIG. 9 or 10 , the first sawtooth structure 0311 includes a plurality of teeth A arranged in sequence. The period, corresponding distance and/or corresponding inclination angle of A continuously changes along the arrangement direction of these teeth A. Taking the body layer 031 shown in Figure 10 as an example, please refer to Figure 11.
  • the period Z1 of tooth A refers to: the maximum length of tooth A in the arrangement direction Y; the corresponding distance Z2 of tooth A refers to: The distance between the center and the surface of the body layer 031 away from the first phase modulation layer 02; the tooth A has two surfaces arranged sequentially along the arrangement direction, and the corresponding inclination angle Z3 of the tooth A refers to: the two surfaces of the tooth A The angle between any one of the two surfaces and the arrangement direction.
  • the upper surface B2 of the two surfaces is taken as an example. Parameters such as the period Z1, the corresponding distance Z2, and the corresponding tilt angle Z3 of these teeth A can be set according to the location of the target area Q and the location of the projection light source, so that the projection light can be transmitted to the target area.
  • each tooth A in the above-mentioned first sawtooth structure 0311 has two surfaces, respectively. It is a first surface B1 close to the projection light source, and a second surface B2 far away from the projection light source.
  • the inclination angle Z3 corresponding to the tooth A refers to the angle between the second surface B2 of the tooth A and the arrangement direction Y of the plurality of teeth A.
  • the inclination angle Z3 corresponding to the teeth A in the first sawtooth structure 0311 that is close to the projection light source can be smaller, and the inclination angle Z3 corresponding to the teeth A in the first sawtooth structure 0311 that is far away from the projection light source can be larger.
  • the projection light emitted by the projection light source can be transmitted to the target area Q after being reflected by the reflective layer 032 .
  • the first sawtooth structure 0311 in the body layer 031 can also be implemented in other ways.
  • the first sawtooth structure 0311 can be as shown in Figure 13 or Figure 14 .
  • the period Z1 of the plurality of teeth A in the first sawtooth structure 0311 shown in Figure 13 is the same, but the distance Z2 and the inclination angle Z3 corresponding to the teeth A change along the arrangement direction.
  • the distance Z2 corresponding to the plurality of teeth A is the same, but the period Z1 of the teeth A and the corresponding inclination angle Z3 change along the arrangement direction.
  • the particle layer 033 may include a plurality of particles 0331.
  • the surface of the reflective layer 032 is uneven, so that the reflective layer 032 can scatter the projection light when reflecting the projection light.
  • FIG. 12 after a beam of projection light is reflected and scattered on the reflective layer 032, it will form multiple beams of projection light transmitted to the target area Q.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the scattering angle of the scattered projection light.
  • the scattering angle of the scattered projection light can also be designed to adjust The size of the target area to which the projected light is transmitted. For example, if the scattering angle of the scattered projection light in Figure 6 is increased, the target area can be increased from the area where the passenger seat is in Figure 6 to the passenger seat and rear seats in Figure 7 your region.
  • the particles 0331 in the particle layer 033 can be located on a surface in the first zigzag structure 0311 that can receive the projected light (the second surface B2 in FIG. 11 ) and the first phase modulation layer 02 or, the particles 0331 in the particle layer 033 may also be located between each surface of the first zigzag structure 0311 and the first phase modulation layer 02 .
  • the side of the second phase modulation layer 03 close to the first phase modulation layer 02 has a second sawtooth structure (not marked in the figure),
  • the first zigzag structure of the body layer 031 matches the second zigzag structure of the first phase modulation layer 02 .
  • it can be regarded as the first phase modulation layer 02 filling up the second phase modulation layer 03 , or the second phase modulation layer 03 filling up the first phase modulation layer 02 .
  • the refractive index of the first phase modulation layer 02 is the same as (or may be different from) the refractive index of the body layer 031.
  • the materials of the first phase modulation layer 02 and the body layer 031 can both be polyethylene terephthalate ( polyethylene glycol terephthalate (PET) or polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA).
  • the first phase modulation layer 02, the particle layer 033, the reflective layer 032 and the body layer 031 all transmit ambient light.
  • the first phase modulation that the ambient light passes through in the first phase modulation layer 02 is related to the second zigzag structure in the first phase modulation layer 02
  • the second phase modulation that the ambient light passes through in the second phase modulation layer 03 is related to the body layer.
  • the first sawtooth structure of 031 is related.
  • the first zigzag structure of the body layer 031 matches the second zigzag structure of the first phase modulation layer 02, and the refractive index of the first phase modulation layer 02 is the same as the refractive index of the body layer 031, the ambient light in the first phase
  • the processing performed on the modulation layer 02 and the processing performed by the ambient light on the body layer 031 can approximately cancel each other. Therefore, the first phase modulation of the ambient light on the first phase modulation layer 02 can compensate for the second phase modulation of the ambient light on the second phase modulation layer 03 , or the second phase modulation can compensate for the first phase modulation.
  • the refractive index of the particle layer 033 can also be the same as the refractive index of the body layer 031.
  • the first phase modulation layer 02, the particle layer 033 and the body layer 031 all have the same refractive index.
  • the processing of the ambient light on the first phase modulation layer 02 and the processing of the ambient light on the body layer 031 and the particle layer 033 can be substantially offset. Therefore, the compensation effect of the first phase modulation on the second phase modulation can be improved, or the compensation effect of the second phase modulation on the first phase modulation can be improved.
  • the refractive index of ambient light on the reflective layer 032 may also be the same as the refractive index of the body layer 031 . In this way, the compensation effect of the first phase modulation on the second phase modulation can also be improved, or the compensation effect of the second phase modulation on the first phase modulation can be improved.
  • the processing of the ambient light on the first phase modulation layer 02 is the same as that of the ambient light in the second phase.
  • the processing on the modulation layer 03 can be roughly offset, and the compensation effect of the first phase modulation on the second phase modulation (or the compensation effect of the second phase modulation on the first phase modulation) is better.
  • the refractive index of the particle layer 033 may also be different from the refractive index of the body layer 031, and the refractive index of ambient light on the reflective layer 032 may also be different from the refractive index of the body layer 031. This is not the case in the embodiment of the present application. limited.
  • the surface of the first phase modulation layer 02 away from the second phase modulation layer 03 and the surface of the body layer 031 away from the first phase modulation layer 02 can both be plane.
  • the reflective layer 032 is located between the body layer 031 and the particle layer 033 as an example.
  • the particle layer 033 can also be located between the body layer 031 and the reflective layer 032, such as , based on the optical component shown in Figure 9, as shown in Figure 15, the particle layer 033 is located between the body layer 031 and the reflective layer 032.
  • the reflective layer 032 and the particle layer 033 are located between the body layer 031 and the first phase modulation layer 02 , but the embodiment of the present application does not limit the arrangement order of the reflective layer 032 and the particle layer 033 .
  • the surface of the body layer 031 close to the particle layer 033 may be uneven (as shown in FIG. 9), or the surface of the first phase modulation layer 02 close to the particle layer 033 may be uneven. (As shown in FIG. 15 ), or the surfaces of the body layer 031 and the first phase modulation layer 02 close to the particle layer 033 may be uneven (not shown in the drawings), which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the surface of the body layer 031 close to the particle layer 033 may be uneven, if it is necessary to manufacture the first phase modulation layer 02 and the second phase modulation layer 03 in the optical assembly shown in FIG. 9, then First, the first phase modulation layer 02 is provided; then, the particle layer 033 is formed on the second zigzag structure surface of the first phase modulation layer 02 by coating, evaporation, etc.; after the particle layer 033 is formed, the particle layer 033 can be The above-mentioned reflective layer 032 is formed by coating or evaporation. Finally, a soft film layer is covered on the reflective layer 032 to form the body layer 031 .
  • the body layer 031 in the second phase modulation layer 03 is provided; then, the particle layer 033 is formed on the first zigzag structure surface of the body layer 031 by coating, evaporation, etc.; after the particle layer 033 is formed, the particle layer can be The above-mentioned reflective layer 032 is formed on the reflective layer 033 by coating or evaporation. Finally, a soft film layer is covered on the reflective layer 032 to form the first phase modulation layer 02 . It can be understood that these two manufacturing methods are only used as examples here, and the manufacturing methods of the first phase modulation layer 02 and the second phase modulation layer 03 of the optical component are not limited to these two manufacturing methods.
  • the reflective layer 032 is used to reflect projection light and transmit ambient light.
  • the reflective layer 032 can selectively reflect the light with the characteristics according to the characteristics of the projection light, and transmit the light without the characteristics.
  • the reflectivity of the reflective layer 032 for light with this characteristic is greater than 85%, for example, the reflectivity is about 100%.
  • the transmittance of the reflective layer 032 to light that does not have this characteristic is greater than 85%, for example, the transmittance is about 100%.
  • the reflective layer 032 can reflect more projection light, so that more projection light can be transmitted to the target area, thereby improving the brightness of the projection light seen by the viewer and improving the projection display effect without affecting the performance of the projection light. Affects the transmission of ambient light; in addition, it can improve the utilization of projection light, achieve energy saving and reduce power consumption.
  • the wavelength of the projection light is at least one wavelength.
  • the reflective layer 032 reflects the light of the at least one wavelength and transmits the light of other wavelengths except the at least one wavelength.
  • the reflective layer can also be called a bandpass reflective layer.
  • the projection light is a laser
  • the wavelength of the projection light includes: the wavelength of the red light band, the wavelength of the green light band, and the wavelength of the blue light band.
  • the reflective layer 032 can reflect the red light band. light, green light band and blue light band, and transmits light in other wave bands except red light band, green light band and blue light band.
  • the projection light is polarized light in the target polarization direction.
  • the reflective layer 032 reflects the polarized light in the target polarization direction and transmits light other than the polarized light in the target polarization direction.
  • the reflective layer can also be called a polarizing layer.
  • the projection light includes light with one polarization direction as an example.
  • the projection light may also include light with multiple polarization directions, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the second phase modulation layer 03 includes a body layer 031, a reflection layer 032 and a particle layer 033, and the second phase modulation layer 03 reflects and scatters the projection light using the geometric shape as shown in Figure 9.
  • the second phase modulation layer 03 may also be implemented in other ways.
  • the second phase modulation layer 03 can be a spatial light phase modulator (also called CGH) based on a digital hologram (computer generated hologram, CGH), a holographic optical element (holographic optical element, HOE) (such as a holographic grating) or Surface relief grating, etc.
  • the second phase modulation layer 03 can realize the functions of the above-mentioned second phase modulation layer based on the principle of diffraction (such as second phase modulation of ambient light and third phase modulation of projection light).
  • the diffraction ability of any device among the digital hologram-based spatial light phase modulator, holographic optical element and surface relief grating can be designed, so that the device can use its diffraction ability to The ambient light is subjected to a second phase modulation, and the projection light is subjected to a third phase modulation.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a projection display medium.
  • the projection display medium may include: any optical component provided by the embodiments of the present application, and at least one of a first transparent layer and a second transparent layer. Both the first transparent layer and the second transparent layer may be made of transparent materials such as glass.
  • the projection display medium in addition to the optical components shown in FIG. 1 , also includes: a first transparent layer 04 and a second transparent layer 05 .
  • the first transparent layer 04 is located on the side of the light modulation layer 01 away from the first phase modulation layer 02
  • the second transparent layer 05 is located on the side of the second phase modulation layer 03 away from the first phase modulation layer 02 .
  • FIG. 16 takes the projection display medium including the first transparent layer 04 and the second transparent layer 05 as an example.
  • the projection display medium may also include the first transparent layer 04 or the second transparent layer 05 .
  • the first transparent layer can protect the light modulation layer
  • the projection display medium includes a second transparent layer
  • the second transparent layer can protect the second phase The protective effect of the modulation layer.
  • the projection display medium including at least one layer of the first transparent layer and the second transparent layer will be described below through three examples.
  • the projection display medium includes a first transparent layer 04 and a second transparent layer 05. Both the first transparent layer 04 and the second transparent layer 05 can be made of glass. In this case, The projection display medium can be the vehicle's front windshield, side window glass or roof window glass. The front windshield, side window glass or top window glass of the vehicle includes two layers of glass (a first transparent layer 04 and a second transparent layer 05), and the optical components are carried between the two layers of glass.
  • the projection display medium includes a first transparent layer 04, which is the front windshield, side window glass or top window glass of the vehicle.
  • the optical component can be attached (such as attached or electrostatically adsorbed) on the first transparent layer (the optical component is carried on the first transparent layer), and the optical component is located outside the vehicle.
  • the projection display medium includes a second transparent layer 05, which is the front windshield, side window glass or top window glass of the vehicle.
  • the optical component can be attached (such as attached or electrostatically adsorbed) on the second transparent layer (the optical component is carried on the second transparent layer), and the optical component is located inside the vehicle.
  • the projection display medium when the projection display medium includes the second transparent layer 05, as shown in FIG. 16, the projection display medium may include the first transparent layer 04 and the second transparent layer 05, or, as shown in FIG. 18, the projection display medium may The first transparent layer 04 is not included and the second transparent layer 05 is included.
  • the projection display medium when the projection display medium includes the second transparent layer 05, as shown in FIG. 16 or FIG. 18, the projection display medium further includes: a brightness enhancement layer 06.
  • the brightness enhancement layer 06 may be located on a side of the second transparent layer 05 away from the first phase modulation layer 02 .
  • the projected light may reach the second phase modulation layer 03 through the brightness enhancement layer 06 and the second transparent layer 05 in sequence. Both the projection light and the ambient light can be emitted from the second phase modulation layer 03 through the second transparent layer 05 and the brightness enhancement layer 06 in sequence.
  • the other side of the second phase modulation layer 03 receives the projection light that passes through the brightness enhancement layer 06 and the second transparent layer 05 in sequence, and performs third phase modulation on the received projection light, and then modulates the projection light from the second phase modulation layer 03 .
  • the other side of layer 03 passes through the second transparent layer 05 and the brightness enhancement layer 06 in sequence and then exits to the target area; after the second phase modulation layer 03 performs the second phase modulation on the received ambient light, the light from the second phase modulation layer The other side passes through the second transparent layer 05 and the brightness enhancement layer 06 in sequence and then emerges.
  • the transmittance of the brightness enhancement layer 06 and the second transparent layer 05 to the projection light is greater than the transmittance of the second transparent layer 05 to the projection light.
  • the projection display medium with the brightness enhancement layer 06 provided by the embodiment of the present application can receive more projection light and transfer more of the projection light to the third phase. After modulation, it is transmitted to the target area, which can increase the brightness of the projection light seen by the viewer and improve the projection display effect. In addition, it can also improve the utilization of the projection light, achieving energy saving and reducing power consumption.
  • the brightness enhancement layer 06 can selectively transmit the light with the characteristics according to the characteristics of the projection light, and reflect the light without the characteristics.
  • the transmittance of the brightness-enhancing layer 06 to light with this characteristic is greater than 85%, for example, the transmittance is about 100%.
  • the reflectivity of the brightness enhancement layer 06 to light that does not have this characteristic is greater than 85%, for example, the reflectivity is about 100%.
  • the brightness enhancement layer 06 can transmit more projection light, so that more projection light can be transmitted to the target area, thereby improving the brightness of the projection light seen by the viewer and improving the projection display effect; in addition, , and can also improve the utilization rate of projection light, achieve energy saving and reduce power consumption.
  • the wavelength of the projection light is at least one wavelength.
  • the brightness enhancement layer 06 transmits the light of the at least one wavelength and reflects the light of other wavelengths except the at least one wavelength.
  • Light is a laser
  • the wavelengths of the projection light are: the wavelength of the red light band, the wavelength of the green light band, and the wavelength of the blue light band.
  • the brightness enhancement layer 06 can transmit the red light band. light, green light band and blue light band, and reflect light in other wave bands except red light band, green light band and blue light band.
  • the projection light is polarized light in the target polarization direction.
  • the brightness enhancement layer 06 transmits the polarized light in the target polarization direction and reflects light other than the polarized light in the target polarization direction.
  • the projection light includes light with one polarization direction as an example.
  • the projection light may also include light with multiple polarization directions, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • inventions of the present application also provide an optical system.
  • the optical system may be a projection system (such as the aforementioned transparent display system).
  • the optical system includes: a projection light source, and any optical component or projection display medium provided in the embodiments of the present application (the projection display medium includes an optical component).
  • the projection light may be a laser or not a laser.
  • the projection light may be light emitted by a light-emitting diode (LED).
  • the optical system includes: a projection light source 20, and any optical component 10 provided in the previous embodiments (the optical component shown in Figure 1 is taken as an example in Figure 19).
  • the projection light source 20 is used to project light to the optical system.
  • the other side of the second phase modulation layer 03 in the assembly 10 projects projection light.
  • the projection light undergoes third phase modulation on the optical component 10 and then is transmitted to the target area on the side where the projection light source 20 is located, so that viewers in the target area can see the projection image.
  • the optical system includes: a projection light source 20 and a projection display medium.
  • the projection display medium shown in FIG. 16 is taken as an example.
  • the projection display medium includes an optical component 10, and a projection light source 20 is used to project projection light to the other side of the second phase modulation layer 03 in the optical component 10.
  • the projection light source 20 projects projection light onto the front windshield, side window glass or roof window glass of the vehicle to form a projection image in a target area within the vehicle.
  • the target area may be the area where the passenger seat is located, or the area where the rear seats are located.
  • the target area may be the area where the rear seats are located. It can be understood that the projection display medium in the optical system can also be as shown in Figure 17 or Figure 18, and the embodiments of the present application will not be described again here.
  • the optical system provided by the embodiments of the present application may also include a controller (not shown in the drawings).
  • the controller may be connected to the light-modulating layer in the optical component and used to control the light-modulating layer to adjust the light transmittance.
  • the controller can be electrically connected to the first electrode layer 011 and the second electrode layer 012.
  • the controller can adjust the light transmittance of the optical layer 013 by changing the electrical signals loaded on the first electrode layer 011 and the second electrode layer 012, thereby adjusting the light transmittance of the light modulating layer 01.
  • the controller can control the light-adjusting layer to adjust the light transmittance according to the user's instructions, or can automatically control the light-adjusting layer to adjust the light transmittance. This is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the controller controls the dimming layer to adjust the light transmittance according to the user's instructions
  • the controller is used to receive a dimming instruction (an instruction triggered by the user), and the dimming instruction is used to indicate a target transmittance among multiple light transmittances.
  • the light transmittance; the controller is also used to control the light transmittance layer to adjust the light transmittance to the target light transmittance according to the dimming instruction.
  • the user can select a target light transmittance among multiple light transmittances on the interactive component to trigger the above dimming instruction.
  • the interactive component may belong to the controller, or may be a component independent of the controller and electrically connected to the controller.
  • the interactive component may be a touch screen (such as a central control screen of a vehicle), or a button (such as a rotary button).
  • the controller when the controller automatically controls the light-adjusting layer to adjust the light transmittance, the controller is used to control the light-adjusting layer to adjust the light transmittance according to the brightness of the ambient light. For example, when the brightness of the ambient light is greater than the brightness threshold, the controller can control the dimming layer to reduce the light transmittance; when the brightness of the ambient light is less than the brightness threshold, the controller can control the dimming layer to increase the light transmittance. In this way, the impact of ambient light on the display effect of the optical system can be reduced and the effect of the projection display can be improved.
  • the controller can also control the light-adjusting layer to adjust the light transmittance according to the user's instructions, and also automatically control the light-adjusting layer to adjust the light transmittance.
  • the controller can receive a mode setting instruction, which is used to indicate the manual mode or automatic mode of the controller.
  • the mode setting instruction is used to indicate manual mode
  • the controller controls the light-adjusting layer to adjust the light transmittance according to the user's instructions
  • the mode setting instruction is used to indicate automatic mode
  • the controller automatically controls the light-adjusting layer to adjust the light transmittance.
  • the optical system is a projection system, and the projection system includes a projection light source, an optical component (or a projection display medium), and a controller.
  • the optical system may not be a projection system, and the optical system may not include a projection light source.
  • the optical system may include an optical component (or a projection display medium) and a controller, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the embodiments of the present application also provide a terminal device including the optical system.
  • the terminal device may be a vehicle.
  • Vehicles in this application may include road vehicles, water vehicles, air vehicles, industrial equipment, agricultural equipment, or entertainment equipment, etc.
  • the carrier can be a vehicle, which is a vehicle in a broad sense, and can be a means of transportation (such as a commercial vehicle, a passenger car, a motorcycle, an aircraft, a train, etc.), an industrial vehicle (such as a forklift, a trailer, a tractor, etc.) etc.), engineering vehicles (such as excavators, bulldozers, cranes, etc.), agricultural equipment (such as lawn mowers, harvesters, etc.), amusement equipment, toy vehicles, etc.
  • the embodiments of this application do not specifically limit the types of vehicles.
  • the vehicle may be an airplane, a ship, a submarine, or other means of transportation.
  • the terminal device may also be a display device, such as a home projection TV, a projection display device for commercial presentations, etc.
  • “at least one” refers to one or more
  • “multiple” refers to two or more than two
  • “plurality” refers to two or more.
  • the terms “first”, “second”, etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
  • “And/or” is just an association relationship that describes related objects. It means that there can be three relationships. For example, A and/or B can mean: A alone exists, A and B exist simultaneously, and B alone exists. situation. In addition, the character “/" in this article generally indicates that the related objects are an "or” relationship.

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Abstract

一种光学组件、投影显示介质、光学***及运载工具，光学组件包括调光层（01）、第一相位调制层（02）和第二相位调制层（03）。调光层（01）的透光率可调，调光层（01）接收环境光，并在第一透光率下对环境光进行透射。第一相位调制层（02）的一侧接收调光层（01）透射的环境光，并对环境光进行第一相位调制后，从第一相位调制层（02）的另一侧入射至第二相位调制层（03）；第二相位调制层（03）的一侧接收从第一相位调制层（02）出射的环境光,并对环境光进行第二相位调制后，从第二相位调制层（03）的另一侧出射。第一相位调制补偿第二相位调制，或者，第二相位调制补偿第一相位调制。通过调整调光层（01）的透光率调整投影图像的对比度，提升投影显示的效果。可以用于车辆中的透明显示***。

Description

光学组件、投影显示介质、光学***及运载工具 技术领域
本申请涉及光学技术领域，特别涉及一种光学组件、投影显示介质、光学***及运载工具。
背景技术
随着光学技术的发展，透明显示***获得了越来越广泛的应用，例如可以应用在车辆上，以车载玻璃为载体显示图像。透明显示***包括投影光源和投影显示介质，投影光源向投影显示介质发射投影光，投影显示介质反射该投影光以实现成像。
目前，投影显示介质可以是透明的，不仅能够反射投影光，还可以透过环境光。这样一来，在投影显示介质显示侧的观看者不仅能够看到投影光所成的投影图像，还能够看到投影显示介质后的环境，从而实现透明显示的效果。例如，在车辆领域，可以以车辆的玻璃为载体实现投影显示，例如以前挡风玻璃、侧窗玻璃、或顶窗玻璃等为载体实现投影显示。
但是，环境光会影响投影图像的对比度，从而影响投影显示的效果。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种光学组件、投影显示介质、光学***及运载工具，该光学组件的透光率可调，在该光学组件应用于透明显示投影图像的投影显示介质时，能够通过调整光学组件的透光率调整投影图像的对比度，以提升投影显示的效果。
第一方面，提供了一种光学组件，包括：调光层、第一相位调制层和第二相位调制层。调光层的透光率可调，调光层接收环境光，以及在第一透光率下对所述环境光进行透射；此处的第一透光率是指调光层调整后的透光率，在将调光层的透光率调整为第一透光率后，调光层便可以在第一透光率下对环境光进行透射。所述第一相位调制层的一侧接收所述调光层透射的所述环境光，并对接收到的所述环境光进行第一相位调制后，从所述第一相位调制层的另一侧入射至所述第二相位调制层；所述第二相位调制层的一侧接收从所述第一相位调制层出射的所述环境光，并对接收到的所述环境光进行第二相位调制后，从所述第二相位调制层的另一侧出射。本申请中的膜层具有垂直于其厚度方向的两个相对的表面，膜层的一侧和另一侧可以是这两个表面所在的两侧。
对光进行相位调制(如上述第一相位调制和第二相位调制)能够改变光的特性(如传播状态、能量分布等)。在本申请实施例中，第一相位调制用于补偿第二相位调制，或者，第二相位调制用于补偿第一相位调制。此处的一个相位调制补偿另一个相位调制是指：一个相位调制用于抵消(或减轻)另一个相位调制对光线的特性的改变。根据上述内容可知，环境光在透过调光层后，会依次在第一相位调制层中进行第一相位调制，以及在第二相位调制层中进行第二相位调制。但由于第一相位调制和第二相位调制存在补偿关系，因此，在经过第一相位调制层和第二相位调制层之后，环境光的特性不变(或者改变较小)。这样一来，就使得本申请实施例提供的光学组件不仅能够对环境光的透过率进行控制，还对透过的环境光 的特性影响较小。环境光可以看做是在光学组件上进行了透射，在光学组件用于投影显示时，位于第二相位调制层另一侧的观看者能够透过光学组件看到光学组件后的环境。
由于调光层的透光率可调，且调光层能够在第一透光率下对环境光进行透射，并且第一相位调制层和第二相位调制层对透过调光层的环境光的特性的影响较小，这样一来，在该光学组件用于透明显示投影图像时，该光学组件不仅能够透过环境光，并且能够对环境光的透过率进行控制，实现对光学组件的透光率的控制。因此，可以根据需要调整光学组件透过的环境光的多少，实现对投影图像的对比度的调整，提升投影显示的效果。
本申请提供的光学组件可以用于透明显示投影图像，也可以不用于透明显示投影图像。比如，该光学组件可以用于贴附在门窗上，用来调节门窗的透明度。总之，本申请提供的光学组件的透光率可调，因此，可以根据需要灵活调整光学组件的透光率。
进一步地，调光层可以采用多种方式调整透光率，本申请中以调光层采用电控的方式调整透光率为例。可以理解的是，调光层也可以不采用电控的方式调整透光率，比如，调光层采用磁控的方式调整透光率，或者，调光层采用机械控制的方式调整透光率，本申请对此不作限定。
在调光层采用电控的方式调整透光率时，调光层用于在电信号的控制下调整透光率。示例地，调光层包括：第一电极层和第二电极层，以及位于第一电极层和第二电极层之间的光学层；该光学层用于基于第一电极层和第二电极层上加载的电信号的改变调整透光率。在第一电极层和第二电极层上加载的电信号(如电压)的改变时，第一电极层和第二电极层之间的电场发生改变，光学层可以根据该电场的改变调整透光率。
调光层中的光学层可以是任一种能够根据第一电极层和第二电极层上加载的电信号的变化调整透光率的膜层。比如，该光学层为聚合物分散液晶层(polymer dispersed liquid crystal，PDLC)、电致变色(electrochromism，EC)层或悬浮粒子(suspended particle，SP)层中的一种。可以理解的是，光学层013也可以不是聚合物分散液晶层、电致变色层或悬浮粒子层，本申请对此不作限定。
进一步地，在本申请提供的光学组件用于透明显示投影图像时，投影光源可以向光学组件的第二相位调制层所在的一侧投射投影光，以在该光学组件的这一侧成投影图像。示例地，第二相位调制层的另一侧(远离调光层的一侧)接收投影光，并对接收到的投影光进行第三相位调制后，从第二相位调制层的另一侧出射至目标区域。
可见，投影光从第二相位调制层的另一侧射入后，在第二相位调制层中经过第三相位调制后，从该第二相位调制层的另一侧射出。并且，投影光在射出第二相位调制层后会射向目标区域。根据第一相位调制层的介绍可知，对光线进行相位调制能够改变光线的特性，在本申请实施例中，第二相位调制层通过对投影光进行的第三相位调制，能够改变投影光的特性，以使经过第三相位调制的投影光射向上述目标区域。由于投影光射向上述目标区域，因此，当观看者位于该目标区域时，观看者便可以看到投影光所呈的投影图像，而当观看者位于该目标区域外时，观看者不会看到投影光所呈的投影图像。可见，当该光学组件用于透明显示投影图像时，该光学组件能够实现向目标区域定向投影的效果。
进一步地，第二相位调制层对投影光进行第三相位调制的可实现方式多种多样。
在一种可选地实现方式中，所述第二相位调制层包括：本体层、反射层和粒子层；所述反射层和所述粒子层位于所述本体层和所述第一相位调制层之间；并且，所述反射层位于所 述本体层和所述粒子层之间，或者，所述粒子层位于所述本体层和所述反射层之间；所述本体层靠近所述第一相位调制层的一侧，具有第一锯齿结构；所述本体层透光，所述反射层反射所述本体层透射的所述投影光；
第一锯齿结构可以称为菲涅尔锯齿结构，第一锯齿结构包括依次排布的多个齿，这些齿的周期、对应的距离和/或对应的倾斜角度沿这些齿的排布方向不断变化。可以根据目标区域所在的位置，以及投影光源所在的位置，设置这些齿的周期、对应的距离和对应的倾斜角度等参数，以使投影光能够被传输至目标区域。
粒子层可以包括多个粒子，在粒子层中粒子的作用下，反射层的表面凹凸不平，从而使得反射层能够在反射投影光时，对投影光进行散射。由于投影光会在反射层上反射和散射，因此，观看者在目标区域内的各个位置均能够看到投影图像，并且，还可以通过对经过散射的投影光的散射角度进行设计，以调整投影光传输至的目标区域的大小。
第一相位调制层靠近第二相位调制层的一侧具有与第一锯齿结构相匹配的第二锯齿结构。这种情况下，可以看做是第一相位调制层02填平第二相位调制层03，或者第二相位调制层03填平第一相位调制层02。第一相位调制层的折射率与本体层的折射率相同(也可以不同)。第一相位调制层、粒子层、反射层和本体层均透过环境光。环境光在第一相位调制层中经过的第一相位调制与第一相位调制层中的第二锯齿结构相关，环境光在第二相位调制层中经过的第二相位调制与本体层的第一锯齿结构相关。由于本体层的第一锯齿结构与第一相位调制层的第二锯齿结构相匹配，并且，第一相位调制层的折射率与本体层的折射率相同，因此，使得环境光在第一相位调制层上经过的处理与环境光在本体层经过的处理能够大致抵消。所以，环境光在第一相位调制层上经过的第一相位调制能够补偿环境光在第二相位调制层上经过的第二相位调制，或者第二相位调制能够补偿第一相位调制。
可选地，粒子层的折射率也可以与本体层的折射率相同，此时，第一相位调制层、粒子层和本体层就均具有相同的折射率。环境光在第一相位调制层上经过的处理与环境光在本体层和粒子层上经过的处理能够大致抵消。所以，能够提升第一相位调制对第二相位调制的补偿效果，或者提升第二相位调制对第一相位调制的补偿效果。类似地，环境光在反射层上的折射率也可以与本体层的折射率相同。这样一来，也能够提升第一相位调制对第二相位调制的补偿效果，或者提升第二相位调制对第一相位调制的补偿效果。当环境光在第一相位调制层、粒子层、反射层和本体层上的折射率均相同时，环境光在第一相位调制层上经过的处理与环境光在第二相位调制层上经过的处理能够大致抵消，第一相位调制对第二相位调制的补偿效果(或者提升第二相位调制对第一相位调制的补偿效果)较好。可以理解的是，粒子层的折射率也可以与本体层的折射率不同，环境光在反射层上的折射率也可以与本体层的折射率不同，本申请对此不作限定。
可选地，在所述第二相位调制层包括：本体层、反射层和粒子层时，反射层的性能可以与投影光源发出的投影光的波长相关。比如，所述投影光的波长为至少一种波长，对于从所述投影光源所在侧入射的光，所述反射层反射所述至少一种波长的光，并透射除所述至少一种波长之外的其他波长的光；或者，所述投影光为目标偏振方向的偏振光，对于从所述投影光源所在侧入射的光，所述反射层反射所述目标偏振方向的偏振光，并透射除所述目标偏振方向的偏振光之外的光。可见，对于从投影光源所在侧入射的光，反射层可以根据投影光的特征，选择性地对具有该特征的光进行反射，以及对不具有该特征的光进行透射。这样一来， 反射层能够对较多的投影光进行反射，以使较多的投影光被传输至目标区域，从而能够提升观看者看到的投影光的亮度，提升投影显示效果，且不影响环境光的传输；另外还能提升投影光的利用率，实现节能和降低功耗的效果。
第二方面，提供了一种投影显示介质。该投影显示介质包括前述第一方面提供的任意一种光学组件，该投影显示介质还可以包括：第一透明层和第二透明层中的至少一层。第一透明层和第二透明层的材质均可以是玻璃等透明材质。所述第一透明层位于所述调光层远离所述第一相位调制层的一侧，所述第二透明层位于所述第二相位调制层远离所述第一相位调制层的一侧。其中，在投影显示介质包括第一透明层时，第一透明层能够起到对调光层的保护作用，在投影显示介质包括第二透明层时，第二透明层能够起到对第二相位调制层的保护作用。
以下将通过三个示例对包括第一透明层和第二透明层中至少一层的投影显示介质进行说明。
示例(1)：投影显示介质包括第一透明层和第二透明层，第一透明层和第二透明层的材质均可以是玻璃，这种情况下，投影显示介质可以是车辆的前挡风玻璃、侧窗玻璃或顶窗玻璃。
示例(2)：投影显示介质包括第一透明层，该第一透明层为车辆的前挡风玻璃、侧窗玻璃或顶窗玻璃。这种情况下，光学组件可以附着(如贴附或静电吸附等)在第一透明层上，且光学组件位于车辆的外部。
示例(3)：投影显示介质包括第二透明层，该第二透明层为车辆的前挡风玻璃、侧窗玻璃或顶窗玻璃。这种情况下，光学组件可以附着(如贴附或静电吸附等)在第二透明层上，且光学组件位于车辆的内部。
进一步地，在投影显示介质包括第二透明层时，投影显示介质可以包括第一透明层和第二透明层，或者，投影显示介质可以不包括第一透明层且包括第二透明层。这种情况下，投影显示介质还包括：增亮层。所述第二相位调制层的另一侧接收依次透过所述增亮层和所述第二透明层的投影光，并对接收到的所述投影光进行第三相位调制后，从所述第二相位调制层的所述另一侧依次经过所述第二透明层和所述增亮层后出射至目标区域；所述第二相位调制层对接收到的所述环境光进行第二相位调制后，从所述第二相位调制层的另一侧依次透过所述第二透明层和所述增亮层后出射；所述增亮层和所述第二透明层对所述投影光的透过率，大于所述第二透明层对所述投影光的透过率。这样一来，相比没有增亮层的投影显示介质，本申请提供的具有增亮层的投影显示介质能够接收较多的投影光，并将较多的投影光进行第三相位调制后传输至目标区域，从而能够提升观看者看到的投影光的亮度，提升投影显示效果。
可选地，在投影显示介质包括第二透明层和增亮层时，增亮层的性能与投影光源发出的投影光的波长相关。比如，投影光源发出的投影光的波长为至少一种波长，对于从投影光源所在侧入射的光，增亮层可以透射该至少一种波长的光，并反射除该至少一种波长之外的其他波长的光；或者，投影光源发出的投影光为目标偏振方向的偏振光，对于从投影光源所在侧入射的光，增亮层可以透射目标偏振方向的偏振光，并反射除目标偏振方向的偏振光之外的光。可见，对于从投影光源所在侧入射的光，增亮层可以根据投影光的特征，选择性地对具有该特征的光进行透射，以及对不具有该特征的光进行反射。这样一来，增亮层能够对较 多的投影光进行透射，以使较多的投影光被传输至目标区域，从而能够提升观看者看到的投影光的亮度，提升投影显示效果；另外，还能提升投影光的利用率，实现节能和降低功耗的效果。
第二方面，提供了一种光学***，包括：投影光源，以及第一方面中任一设计所述的光学组件或者第二方面中任一设计所述的投影显示介质。所述投影光源用于向所述光学组件中所述第二相位调制层的另一侧投射投影光。该投影光在光学组件上经过第三相位调制后传输至投影光源所在侧的目标区域，以使目标区域的观看者看到投影图像。
第三方面，提供了一种运载工具，包括：第二方面中任一设计所述的光学***。
附图说明
图1为本申请实施例提供的一种光学组件的结构示意图；
图2为本申请实施例提供的一种光学组件的分解示意图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的一种调光层的结构示意图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的一种调光层不透光时环境光的传输示意图；
图5为本申请实施例提供的一种投影光的传输示意图；
图6为本申请实施例提供的一种光学组件的应用场景示意图；
图7为本申请实施例提供的另一种光学组件的应用场景示意图；
图8为本申请实施例提供的另一种光学组件的应用场景示意图；
图9为本申请实施例提供的一种第二相位调制层的结构示意图；
图10为本申请实施例提供的另一种第二相位调制层的结构示意图；
图11为本申请实施例提供的一种第二相位调制层中第一锯齿结构的示意图；
图12为本申请实施例提供的另一种投影光的传输示意图；
图13为本申请实施例提供的另一种第二相位调制层中第一锯齿结构的示意图；
图14为本申请实施例提供的又一种第二相位调制层中第一锯齿结构的示意图；
图15为本申请实施例提供的又一种第二相位调制层的结构示意图；
图16为本申请实施例提供的一种投影显示介质的结构示意图；
图17为本申请实施例提供的另一种投影显示介质的结构示意图；
图18为本申请实施例提供的又一种投影显示介质的结构示意图；
图19为本申请实施例提供的一种光学***的结构示意图；
图20为本申请实施例提供的另一种光学***的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本申请的原理、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本申请实施方式作进一步地详细描述。
随着光学技术的迅速发展，投影显示***获得越来越多的应用，尤其是能够实现同时观看投影显示内容和外界景观的光学***(也称透明显示***)逐渐受到关注。这种光学***包括投影光源和投影显示介质，其中，投影光源可以向投影显示介质发射投影光，投影显示介质用于反射该投影光，以及透射环境光。在投影显示介质显示侧的观看者不仅能够看到投影光所成的投影图像，还能够看到投影显示介质后的环境，从而实现透明显示的效果。
以设置在车辆内的透明显示***(一种光学***)为例，可以在车辆的玻璃上(例如前挡风玻璃、侧窗玻璃、或顶窗玻璃等)附着光学组件，作为投影显示介质。投影光源产生的光经过光学元件成像，投射到投影显示介质上以显示图像，其中图像生成方式例如可以包括薄膜晶体管(thin film transistor，TFT)液晶屏(TFT-LCD)技术、数字光处理(digital light processing，DLP)技术和微机电***(MEMS)技术。其中，TFT-LCD技术的工作原理是LCD背光光源照亮后，通过集成在LCD面板每个像素点背后的薄膜晶体管驱动液晶分子旋转改变光源偏振状态，从而呈现不同的明暗灰度，再通过红绿蓝(red green blue，RGB)滤色片呈现彩色图像。DLP技术以数字微镜装置作为主要光学控制元件调节反射光，并在匀光片上实现投射成像。MEMS技术使用具有较高功率的三基色单色激光器作为光源，激光经光学元件和处理芯片的整合与扫描后投射在显示屏上。透明显示***可以用于在光学组件上显示例如时速、导航、转速、里程、油量、剩余电量、告警信息、提示信息、天气信息、视频等信息。
以光学组件附着在前挡风玻璃，且透明显示***可以用于通过光学组件显示仪表上显示的信息(例如时速、导航、转速、里程、油量、剩余电量、告警信息、提示信息等)为例。在安全性方面，当驾驶员正常驾驶车辆时，如果车辆上未设置透明显示***，那么驾驶员的视线需要在道路和仪表之间来回切换，容易导致视觉疲劳和注意力分散；而如果车辆设置有透明显示***，那么驾驶员的视线就减少了在道路和仪表之间来回切换，不会轻易导致视觉疲劳和注意力分散。并且，驾驶员查看仪表需要低头20度～25度，而驾驶员查看前挡风玻璃上显示的信息只需要低头5度～10度即可，因此透明显示***可以让驾驶员不用将视线从路面上挪开就能获取驾驶信息。
但是，在透明显示的情况下，环境光和投影光均会进入人眼，使得环境光会影响投影图像的对比度，从而影响投影显示的效果。本申请实施例提供了一种光学组件，该光学组件对环境光的透光率可调，从而可以根据需要调整进入人眼的环境光的多少，实现对投影图像的对比度的调整，提升投影显示的效果。
示例地，图1为本申请实施例提供的一种光学组件的结构示意图，图1示出的是光学组件的截面的结构。如图1所示，该光学组件包括：调光层01、第一相位调制层02和第二相位调制层03。以下将分别对这三个膜层进行介绍。
(1)调光层01的透光率可调(也称雾度可调)。调光层01接收环境光，以及在第一透光率下对环境光进行透射。此处的第一透光率是指调光层01调整后的透光率，在将调光层01的透光率调整为第一透光率后，调光层01便可以在第一透光率下对环境光进行透射。
由于调光层01的透光率可调，因此，调光层的第一透光率可以不是固定不变的透光率，可以根据需要将调光层的透光率调整至需要的第一透光率。比如，在需要调光层01的透光率为100％时，可以将调光层01的透光率调整为100％，此时第一透光率为100％。在需要调光层01的透光率为50％时，可以将调光层01的透光率调整为50％，此时第一透光率为50％。在需要调光层01的透光率为0％时，可以将调光层01的透光率调整为0％，此时第一透光率为0％。
(2)第一相位调制层02的一侧接收调光层01透射的环境光，并对接收到的环境光进行第一相位调制后，从第一相位调制层02的另一侧入射至第二相位调制层03。示例地，第一相位调制层02的一侧靠近调光层01，且第一相位调制层02的另一侧远离调光层01；从调光 层01射出的环境光会进入第一相位调制层02的一侧，并在第一相位调制层02中经过第一相位调制后，从第一相位调制层02的另一侧射出至第二相位调制层03。
本申请实施例中的膜层具有垂直于其厚度方向的两个相对的表面，膜层的一侧和另一侧可以是这两个表面所在的两侧。比如，如图2所示，第一相位调制层02具有垂直于其厚度方向X的表面021和表面022，其中，表面021所在侧为第一相位调制层02的一侧，表面022所在侧为第一相位调制层02的另一侧。
(3)第二相位调制层03的一侧接收从第一相位调制层02出射的环境光，并对接收到的环境光进行第二相位调制后，从第二相位调制层03的另一侧出射。示例地，第二相位调制层03的一侧靠近第一相位调制层02，且第二相位调制层03的另一侧远离第一相位调制层02；从第一相位调制层02射出的环境光会进入第二相位调制层03的一侧，并在第二相位调制层03中经过第二相位调制后，从第二相位调制层03的另一侧射出第二相位调制层03。
根据第一相位调制层02的介绍可知，膜层的一侧和另一侧可以是该膜层中垂直于其厚度方向的两个相对的表面所在的两侧。如图2所示，第二相位调制层03具有垂直于其厚度方向X的表面031和表面032，其中，表面031所在侧为第二相位调制层03的一侧，表面032所在侧为第二相位调制层03的另一侧。
在本申请实施例中，第一相位调制用于补偿第二相位调制，或者，第二相位调制用于补偿第一相位调制。因此可以将第一相位调制层02和第二相位调制层03之一称为相位补偿层，另一个称为相位调制层，例如将第一相位调制层02称为相位补偿层，第二相位调制层03称为相位调制层。此处的一个相位调制补偿另一个相位调制是指：一个相位调制用于抵消(或减轻)另一个相位调制对光线的特性的改变。根据上述内容可知，环境光在透过调光层01后，会依次在第一相位调制层02中进行第一相位调制，以及在第二相位调制层03中进行第二相位调制。但由于第一相位调制和第二相位调制存在补偿关系，因此，在经过第一相位调制层02和第二相位调制层03之后，环境光的特性不变(或者改变较小)。这样一来，就使得本申请实施例提供的光学组件不仅能够对环境光的透过率进行控制，还对透过的环境光的特性影响较小。如图1所示，环境光可以看做是在光学组件上进行了透射，在光学组件用于投影显示时，位于第二相位调制层另一侧的观看者能够透过光学组件看到光学组件后的环境。
对光进行相位调制(如上述第一相位调制和第二相位调制)能够改变光的特性(如传播状态、能量分布等)。本申请实施例中用于对光进行相位调制的结构(如上述第一相位调制层02、第二相位调制层03)的相位调制功能，可以与该结构的几何形状和/或结构中各个区域的折射率相关。通过设计该结构的几何形状和/或结构中各个区域的折射率，实现该结构对光的相位调制功能。比如，将第一相位调制层02和第二相位调制层03相互靠近的表面设置为相互匹配的锯齿面，使光在第一相位调制层02和第二相位调制层03中经过相互补偿的相位调制；又比如，将第一相位调制层02和第二相位调制层03相互靠近的表面设置为相互匹配的浮雕光栅的表面，使光在第一相位调制层02和第二相位调制层03中经过相互补偿的相位调制；再比如，通过设计第一相位调制层02和第二相位调制层03中各个区域的折射率，使得第一相位调制层02和第二相位调制层03形成功能相互补偿的光栅，进而使光在第一相位调制层02和第二相位调制层03中经过相互补偿的相位调制。
本申请提供的光学组件中相邻的层之间可以接触，也可以是该相邻的层之间还存在其他层(附图中未示出)。比如，调光层01和第一相位调制层02之间还可以存在其他层(如用 于支撑调光层01和第一相位调制层02的透明层)。光学组件中相接触的膜层之间可以采用胶粘或静电贴附等方式贴合，本申请实施例对此不作限定。
综上所述，本申请实施例提供的光学组件包括：调光层、第一相位调制层和第二相位调制层。其中，调光层的透光率可调，且调光层能够在第一透光率下对环境光进行透射，并且第一相位调制层和第二相位调制层对透过调光层的环境光的特性的影响较小，这样一来，在该光学组件用于透明显示投影图像时，该光学组件不仅能够透过环境光，并且能够对环境光的透过率进行控制，实现对光学组件的透光率的控制。因此，可以根据需要调整光学组件透过的环境光的多少，实现对投影图像的对比度的调整，提升投影显示的效果。
比如，在需要投影图像具有较高的对比度时，可以将调光层的透光率调整的较低，从而减少光学组件透过的环境光，此时环境光对投影光的影响较少，投影图像的显示效果较好。在需要投影图像具有较低的对比度时，可以将调光层的透光率调整的较高，从而增多光学组件透过的环境光，此时光学组件的透明度较高，透明显示的效果较好。
本申请实施例提供的光学组件可以用于透明显示投影图像，也可以不用于透明显示投影图像。比如，该光学组件可以用于贴附在门窗上，用来调节门窗的透明度。光学组件还可以应用在其他场景中，本申请实施例在此不做一一列举。总之，本申请实施例提供的光学组件的透光率可调，因此，可以根据需要灵活调整光学组件的透光率。
进一步地，调光层01可以采用多种方式调整透光率，本申请实施例中以调光层01采用电控的方式调整透光率为例。可以理解的是，调光层01也可以不采用电控的方式调整透光率，比如，调光层01采用磁控的方式调整透光率，或者，调光层01采用机械控制的方式调整透光率，本申请实施例对此不作限定。
在调光层01采用电控的方式调整透光率时，调光层01用于在电信号的控制下调整透光率。示例地，图3为本申请实施例提供的一种调光层01的结构示意图，如图3所示，调光层01包括：第一电极层011和第二电极层012，以及位于第一电极层011和第二电极层012之间的光学层013；第一电极层011和第二电极层012的材质均可以是透明导电材质，如氧化铟锡等。该光学层013用于基于第一电极层011和第二电极层012上加载的电信号的改变调整透光率。在第一电极层011和第二电极层012上加载的电信号(如电压)的改变时，第一电极层011和第二电极层012之间的电场发生改变，光学层013可以根据该电场的改变调整透光率。
示例地，在第一电极层011和第二电极层012上未加载电信号时，第一电极层011和第二电极层012之间不存在电场，此时，光学层013的透光率为0％，调光层01的透光率为0％，如图4所示，环境光无法透过调光层01。在第一电极层011和第二电极层012上分别加载电信号，以使第一电极层011和第二电极层012之间形成一定的电场时，光学层013的透光率约为100％，调光层01的透光率约为100％，此时，调光层01几乎完全透明，如图1所示，环境光可以透过调光层01。可以理解的是，此处是图3所示的调光层01调整透光率的一种示例，在调整调光层01的透光率时，可以根据需要选择是否向第一电极层011和第二电极层012加载电信号，以及需要加载在第一电极层011和第二电极层012上的电信号的大小，实现调光层01的透光率的调整。
请继续参考图3，调光层01中的光学层013可以是任一种能够根据第一电极层011和第二电极层012上加载的电信号的变化调整透光率的膜层。比如，该光学层013为聚合物分散 液晶层、电致变色层或悬浮粒子层中的一种。其中，聚合物分散液晶层包括多个液晶，液晶能够在第一电极层011和第二电极层012之间电场的作用下偏转，以改变聚合物分散液晶层的透光率。电致变色层能够在第一电极层011和第二电极层012之间电场的作用下改变颜色，从而改变电致变色层的透光率。悬浮粒子层包括多个悬浮粒子，类似聚合物分散液晶层，悬浮粒子层中的悬浮粒子能够在第一电极层011和第二电极层012之间电场的作用下偏转，以改变悬浮粒子层的透光率。可以理解的是，光学层013也可以不是聚合物分散液晶层、电致变色层或悬浮粒子层，本申请实施例对此不作限定。
进一步地，在本申请实施例提供的光学组件用于透明显示投影图像时，投影光源可以向光学组件的第二相位调制层所在的一侧投射投影光，以在该光学组件的这一侧成投影图像。示例地，如图5所示，第二相位调制层03的另一侧(远离调光层01的一侧)接收投影光，并对接收到的投影光进行第三相位调制后，从第二相位调制层03的另一侧出射至目标区域Q。
可见，投影光从第二相位调制层03的另一侧射入后，在第二相位调制层03中经过第三相位调制后，从该第二相位调制层03的另一侧射出至目标区域Q。根据第一相位调制层02的介绍可知，对光线进行相位调制能够改变光线的特性，在本申请实施例中，第二相位调制层03通过对投影光进行的第三相位调制，能够改变投影光的特性，以使经过第三相位调制的投影光射向上述目标区域Q。
由于投影光射向上述目标区域，因此，当观看者位于该目标区域时，观看者便可以看到投影光所呈的投影图像，而当观看者位于该目标区域外时，观看者不会看到投影光所呈的投影图像。可见，当该光学组件用于透明显示投影图像时，该光学组件能够实现向目标区域定向投影的效果。假设车辆的副驾驶位上观看者位于目标区域，而车辆的主驾驶位上观看者位于目标区域外。光学组件能够将投影光传输至目标区域，以使副驾驶位上的观看者看到投影图像，而主驾驶位上的观看者不会看到投影图像，从而减少了投影图像对主驾驶位上观看者的影响。
示例地，如图6所示，光学组件贴附在车辆的前挡风玻璃上，投影光源发出的投影光经过光学组件发射至副驾驶位所在的目标区域。此时，副驾驶位的观看者能够看到投影光所呈的投影图像，且由于环境光能够透过光学组件，因此副驾驶位的观看者还能够看到前挡风玻璃后的环境。主驾驶位的观看者无法看到投影光所呈的投影图像，因此投影图像的显示对主驾驶位上的观看者的影响较小。类似的，投影光源发出的投影光可以经过光学组件发射至主驾驶位所在的目标区域，以方便主驾驶位的驾驶员及时了解驾驶信息，并减少视线转移，提高驾驶安全。
又示例地，如图7所示，在图6的基础上，目标区域包括车辆的副驾驶位和后排座位所在区域，主驾驶位在目标区域之外。此时，副驾驶位和后排座位的观看者均能够看到投影光所呈的投影图像，且由于环境光能够透过光学组件，因此这些观看者还能够看到前挡风玻璃后的环境。主驾驶位的观看者无法看到投影光所呈的投影图像，因此投影图像的显示对主驾驶位上的观看者的影响较小。
再示例地，如图8所示，光学组件贴附在车辆的侧窗玻璃上，投影光源发出的投影光经过光学组件发射至后排座位所在的目标区域。此时，后排座位的观看者均能够看到投影光所呈的投影图像，且由于环境光能够透过光学组件，因此后排座位的观看者还能够看到侧窗玻璃后的环境。主驾驶位和副驾驶位的观看者均无法看到投影光所呈的投影图像，且投影图像 的显示对主驾驶位上的观看者的影响较小。
本申请实施例中以目标区域是第二相位调制层03远离第一相位调制层02一侧的部分区域为例，可以理解的是，目标区域也可以是第二相位调制层03远离第一相位调制层02一侧的全部区域，本申请实施例不对目标区域的大小和位置进行限定。
进一步地，第二相位调制层对投影光进行第三相位调制的可实现方式多种多样。
在一种可选地实现方式中，第二相位调制层可以利用特殊的几何形状(如下述第一锯齿结构)，对投影光进行反射和散射的方式对投影光进行第三相位调制。
如图9所示，第二相位调制层03包括：本体层031、反射层032和粒子层033。反射层032和粒子层033位于本体层031和第一相位调制层02之间；并且，反射层032位于本体层031和粒子层033之间。粒子层033可以包括多个粒子(可以称为散射粒子)，本申请实施例不对这些粒子的尺寸和数量进行限定，图9中为了便于示出这些粒子，将这些粒子的尺寸画的较大；这些粒子的尺寸实际较小，当这些粒子的尺寸小到一定程度时，图9所示的第二相位调制层可以如图10所示。可以看出，在粒子层033中粒子的尺寸较小时，粒子层033和反射层032可以相似，图10中仅示出了叠加的反射层032和粒子层033，并未分别示出反射层032和粒子层033。即反射层032和粒子层033可以理解为反射层，该反射层的表面微观上比较粗糙或者说凹凸不平，从而使得反射层能够在反射投影光时，对投影光进行散射。
请参考图9或图10，本体层031靠近第一相位调制层02的一侧，具有第一锯齿结构0311。本体层031透光，反射层032反射本体层031透射的投影光。投影光在射向本体层031远离反射层032的一侧后，投影光会透过本体层031，之后到达反射层032；反射层032会将该投影光反射至本体层031；投影光再次透过本体层031后，便可以从本体层031远离反射层032的一侧射向目标区域。
在这种可选地实现方式中，第一锯齿结构0311可以称为菲涅尔锯齿结构，如图9或图10所示，第一锯齿结构0311包括依次排布的多个齿A，这些齿A的周期、对应的距离和/或对应的倾斜角度沿这些齿A的排布方向不断变化。以图10所示的本体层031为例，请参考图11，齿A的周期Z1是指：齿A在该排布方向Y上的最大长度；齿A对应的距离Z2是指：齿A的中心与本体层031远离第一相位调制层02的表面的距离；齿A具有沿该排布方向依次排布的两个表面，齿A对应的倾斜角度Z3是指：齿A的这两个表面中任一表面与该排布方向的夹角，图11中以这两个表面中位于上方的表面B2为例。可以根据目标区域Q所在的位置，以及投影光源所在的位置，设置这些齿A的周期Z1、对应的距离Z2和对应的倾斜角度Z3等参数，以使投影光能够被传输至目标区域。
示例地，请参考图11，假设投影光源位于光学组件左侧的下方区域，目标区域位于光学组件的左侧的中间区域，上述第一锯齿结构0311中的每个齿A具有两个表面，分别为靠近投影光源的第一表面B1，以及远离投影光源的第二表面B2。齿A对应的倾斜角度Z3是指：齿A的第二表面B2与多个齿A的排布方向Y的夹角。那么第一锯齿结构0311中靠近投影光源的齿A对应的倾斜角度Z3可以较小，而第一锯齿结构0311中远离投影光源的齿A对应的倾斜角度Z3可以较大。这样一来，如图12所示，投影光源发出的投影光经过反射层032的反射后，便可以传输至目标区域Q。
可选地，本体层031中的第一锯齿结构0311也可以有其他实现方式，比如该第一锯齿结构0311可以如图13或图14所示。其中，图13所示的第一锯齿结构0311中多个齿A的周期 Z1相同，但齿A对应的距离Z2和倾斜角度Z3均沿排布方向变化。图14所示的第一锯齿结构0311中多个齿A对应的距离Z2相同，但齿A的周期Z1和对应的倾斜角度Z3均沿排布方向变化。
另外，在这种可选地实现方式中，请继续参考图9，本体层031和第一相位调制层02之间还存在粒子层033。粒子层033可以包括多个粒子0331，在粒子层033中粒子0331的作用下，反射层032的表面凹凸不平，从而使得反射层032能够在反射投影光时，对投影光进行散射。如图12所示，一束投影光在反射层032上经过反射和散射后，会形成向目标区域Q传输的多束投影光，本申请实施例不对散射后的投影光的散射角度进行限定。由于投影光会在反射层032上反射和散射，因此，观看者在目标区域内的各个位置均能够看到投影图像，并且，还可以通过对经过散射的投影光的散射角度进行设计，以调整投影光传输至的目标区域的大小。比如，若将前述图6中经过散射的投影光的散射角度增大，便可以将目标区域由前述图6中的副驾驶位所在区域增大为前述图7中的副驾驶位和后排座位所在区域。
可选地，本申请实施例中，粒子层033中的粒子0331可以位于第一锯齿结构0311中能够接收到投影光的表面(如图11中的第二表面B2)与第一相位调制层02之间，或者，粒子层033中的粒子0331也可以位于第一锯齿结构0311的各个表面与第一相位调制层02之间。
请继续参考前述图9或前述图10，在这种可选地实现方式中，第二相位调制层03靠近第一相位调制层02的一侧具有第二锯齿结构(图中未标出)，本体层031的第一锯齿结构与第一相位调制层02的第二锯齿结构相匹配。这种情况下，可以看做是第一相位调制层02填平第二相位调制层03，或者第二相位调制层03填平第一相位调制层02。第一相位调制层02的折射率与本体层031的折射率相同(也可以不同)，比如，第一相位调制层02和本体层031的材质均可以是聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(polyethylene glycol terephthalate，PET)或聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(polymethyl methacrylate，PMMA)。
第一相位调制层02、粒子层033、反射层032和本体层031均透过环境光。环境光在第一相位调制层02中经过的第一相位调制与第一相位调制层02中的第二锯齿结构相关，环境光在第二相位调制层03中经过的第二相位调制与本体层031的第一锯齿结构相关。由于本体层031的第一锯齿结构与第一相位调制层02的第二锯齿结构相匹配，并且，第一相位调制层02的折射率与本体层031的折射率相同，环境光在第一相位调制层02上经过的处理与环境光在本体层031经过的处理能够大致抵消。所以，环境光在第一相位调制层02上经过的第一相位调制能够补偿环境光在第二相位调制层03上经过的第二相位调制，或者第二相位调制能够补偿第一相位调制。
可选地，粒子层033的折射率也可以与本体层031的折射率相同，此时，第一相位调制层02、粒子层033和本体层031就均具有相同的折射率。环境光在第一相位调制层02上经过的处理与环境光在本体层031和粒子层033上经过的处理能够大致抵消。所以，能够提升第一相位调制对第二相位调制的补偿效果，或者提升第二相位调制对第一相位调制的补偿效果。
类似地，环境光在反射层032上的折射率也可以与本体层031的折射率相同。这样一来，也能够提升第一相位调制对第二相位调制的补偿效果，或者提升第二相位调制对第一相位调制的补偿效果。
当环境光在第一相位调制层02、粒子层033、反射层032和本体层031上的折射率均相 同时，环境光在第一相位调制层02上经过的处理与环境光在第二相位调制层03上经过的处理能够大致抵消，第一相位调制对第二相位调制的补偿效果(或者第二相位调制对第一相位调制的补偿效果)较好。
可以理解的是，粒子层033的折射率也可以与本体层031的折射率不同，环境光在反射层032上的折射率也可以与本体层031的折射率不同，本申请实施例对此不作限定。
另外，第一相位调制层02远离第二相位调制层03的表面，以及本体层031远离第一相位调制层02的表面均可以是平面。
图9和图10所示的光学组件中以反射层032位于本体层031和粒子层033之间为例，可选地，也可以是粒子层033位于本体层031和反射层032之间，比如，在图9所示的光学组件的基础上，如图15所示，粒子层033位于本体层031和反射层032之间。可见，在本申请实施例中，反射层032和粒子层033位于本体层031和第一相位调制层02之间，但本申请实施例不对反射层032和粒子层033的排布顺序进行限定。
本体层031和第一相位调制层02之间存在粒子层033。在粒子层033中多个粒子0331的作用下，本体层031靠近粒子层033的表面可以凹凸不平(如图9所示)，或者，第一相位调制层02靠近粒子层033的表面可以凹凸不平(如图15所示)，又或者，本体层031和第一相位调制层02靠近粒子层033的表面均可以凹凸不平(附图中未示出)，本申请实施例对此不作限定。
可选地，一方面，在本体层031靠近粒子层033的表面可以凹凸不平时，若需要制造图9所示的光学组件中的第一相位调制层02和第二相位调制层03，则可以首先提供第一相位调制层02；之后，在第一相位调制层02的第二锯齿结构表面采用涂覆、蒸镀等方式形成粒子层033；在形成粒子层033后，可以在粒子层033上采用涂覆或蒸镀等方式形成上述反射层032；最后，在反射层032上覆盖材质较软的膜层，形成本体层031。另一方面，在第一相位调制层02靠近粒子层033的表面可以凹凸不平时，若需要制造图15所示的光学组件中的第一相位调制层02和第二相位调制层03，则可以首先提供第二相位调制层03中的本体层031；之后，在本体层031的第一锯齿结构表面采用涂覆、蒸镀等方式形成粒子层033；在形成粒子层033后，可以在粒子层033上采用涂覆或蒸镀等方式形成上述反射层032；最后，在反射层032上覆盖材质较软的膜层，形成第一相位调制层02。可以理解的是，此处仅以这两种制造方式为例，光学组件的第一相位调制层02和第二相位调制层03的制造方式不限于这两种制造方式。
进一步地，根据以上内容可知，反射层032用于反射投影光以及透射环境光。可选地，对于从投影光源所在侧入射的光，反射层032可以根据投影光的特征，选择性地对具有该特征的光进行反射，以及对不具有该特征的光进行透射。比如反射层032对具有该特征的光的反射率大于85％，如该反射率约为100％。反射层032对不具有该特征的光的透射率大于85％，如该透射率约为100％。这样一来，反射层032能够对较多的投影光进行反射，以使较多的投影光被传输至目标区域，从而能够提升观看者看到的投影光的亮度，提升投影显示效果，且不影响环境光的传输；另外还能提升投影光的利用率，实现节能和降低功耗的效果。
示例地，投影光的波长为至少一种波长，对于从投影光源所在侧入射的光，反射层032反射该至少一种波长的光，并透射除该至少一种波长之外的其他波长的光，这种情况下，反射层也可以称为带通反射层。比如，投影光为激光，且投影光的波长包括：红光波段的波长、 绿光波段的波长和蓝光波段的波长，对于从投影光源所在侧入射的光，反射层032可以反射红光波段的光、绿光波段的光和蓝光波段的光，并透射除红光波段、绿光波段和蓝光波段之外的其他波段的光。
又示例地，投影光为目标偏振方向的偏振光，对于从投影光源所在侧入射的光，反射层032反射目标偏振方向的偏振光，并透射除目标偏振方向的偏振光之外的光，这种情况下，反射层也可以称为偏振层。比如，投影光是某一偏振方向的激光，那么对于从投影光源所在侧入射的光，反射层032可以反射该偏振方向的光，并透射不具有该偏振方向的光。此处以投影光包括一种偏振方向的光为例，该投影光也可以包括多种偏振方向的光，本申请实施例对此不作限定。
以上实施例中以第二相位调制层03包括本体层031、反射层032和粒子层033，且第二相位调制层03利用如图9所示的几何形状对投影光进行反射和散射的方式对投影光进行第三相位调制为例。可选地，第二相位调制层03也可以有其他可实现方式。比如，该第二相位调制层03可以是基于数字全息图(computer generated hologram，CGH)的空间光相位调制器(也称CGH)、全息光学元件(holographic optical element，HOE)(如全息光栅)或表面浮雕光栅等。第二相位调制层03可以基于衍射的原理实现上述第二相位调制层的功能(如对环境光进行第二相位调制，以及对投影光进行第三相位调制)。可以根据上述第二相位调制层的功能，设计基于数字全息图的空间光相位调制器、全息光学元件和表面浮雕光栅中任一器件对光的衍射能力，以使该器件能够利用其衍射能力对环境光进行第二相位调制，以及对投影光进行第三相位调制。
基于本申请实施例提供的光学组件，本申请实施例还提供了一种投影显示介质。该投影显示介质可以包括：本申请实施例提供的任一种光学组件，以及第一透明层和第二透明层中的至少一层。第一透明层和第二透明层的材质均可以是玻璃等透明材质。
示例地，如图16所示，投影显示介质在包括图1所示的光学组件的基础上，投影显示介质还包括：第一透明层04和第二透明层05。第一透明层04位于调光层01远离第一相位调制层02的一侧，第二透明层05位于第二相位调制层03远离第一相位调制层02的一侧。图16以投影显示介质包括第一透明层04和第二透明层05为例，投影显示介质也可以包括第一透明层04或第二透明层05。其中，在投影显示介质包括第一透明层时，第一透明层能够起到对调光层的保护作用，在投影显示介质包括第二透明层时，第二透明层能够起到对第二相位调制层的保护作用。
以下将通过三个示例对包括第一透明层和第二透明层中至少一层的投影显示介质进行说明。
示例(1)：请继续参考图16，投影显示介质包括第一透明层04和第二透明层05，第一透明层04和第二透明层05的材质均可以是玻璃，这种情况下，投影显示介质可以是车辆的前挡风玻璃、侧窗玻璃或顶窗玻璃。车辆的前挡风玻璃、侧窗玻璃或顶窗玻璃包括两层玻璃(第一透明层04和第二透明层05)，光学组件承载在这两层玻璃之间。
示例(2)：如图17所示，投影显示介质包括第一透明层04，该第一透明层04为车辆的前挡风玻璃、侧窗玻璃或顶窗玻璃。这种情况下，光学组件可以附着(如贴附或静电吸附等)在第一透明层上(光学组件承载在第一透明层上)，且光学组件位于车辆的外部。
示例(3)：如图18所示，投影显示介质包括第二透明层05，该第二透明层05为车辆的前挡风玻璃、侧窗玻璃或顶窗玻璃。这种情况下，光学组件可以附着(如贴附或静电吸附等)在第二透明层上(光学组件承载在第二透明层上)，且光学组件位于车辆的内部。
进一步地，在投影显示介质包括第二透明层05时，如图16所示，投影显示介质可以包括第一透明层04和第二透明层05，或者，如图18所示，投影显示介质可以不包括第一透明层04且包括第二透明层05。在投影显示介质包括第二透明层05时，如图16或图18所示，投影显示介质还包括：增亮层06。
增亮层06可以位于第二透明层05远离第一相位调制层02的一侧。投影光可以依次经过增亮层06和第二透明层05到达第二相位调制层03。投影光和环境光均可以从第二相位调制层03依次经过第二透明层05和增亮层06出射。示例地，第二相位调制层03的另一侧接收依次透过增亮层06和第二透明层05的投影光，并对接收到的投影光进行第三相位调制后，从第二相位调制层03的另一侧依次经过第二透明层05和增亮层06后出射至目标区域；第二相位调制层03对接收到的环境光进行第二相位调制后，从第二相位调制层的另一侧依次透过第二透明层05和增亮层06后出射。
增亮层06和第二透明层05对投影光的透过率，大于第二透明层05对投影光的透过率。这样一来，相比没有增亮层06的投影显示介质，本申请实施例提供的具有增亮层06的投影显示介质能够接收较多的投影光，并将较多的投影光进行第三相位调制后传输至目标区域，从而能够提升观看者看到的投影光的亮度，提升投影显示效果，另外还能提升对投影光的利用率，实现节能和降低功耗的效果。
可选地，对于从投影光源所在侧入射的光，增亮层06可以根据投影光的特征，选择性地对具有该特征的光进行透射，以及对不具有该特征的光进行反射。比如增亮层06对具有该特征的光的透射率大于85％，如该透射率约为100％。增亮层06对不具有该特征的光的反射率大于85％，如该反射率约为100％。这样一来，增亮层06能够对较多的投影光进行透射，以使较多的投影光被传输至目标区域，从而能够提升观看者看到的投影光的亮度，提升投影显示效果；另外，还能提升投影光的利用率，实现节能和降低功耗的效果。
示例地，投影光的波长为至少一种波长，对于从投影光源所在侧入射的光，增亮层06透射该至少一种波长的光，并反射除该至少一种波长之外的其他波长的光。比如，投影光为激光，投影光的波长为：红光波段的波长、绿光波段的波长和蓝光波段的波长，对于从投影光源所在侧入射的光，增亮层06可以透射红光波段的光、绿光波段的光和蓝光波段的光，并反射除红光波段、绿光波段和蓝光波段之外的其他波段的光。
又示例地，投影光为目标偏振方向的偏振光，对于从投影光源所在侧入射的光，增亮层06透射目标偏振方向的偏振光，并反射除目标偏振方向的偏振光之外的光。比如，投影光是某一偏振方向的激光，那么对于从投影光源所在侧入射的光，增亮层06可以透射该偏振方向的光，并反射不具有该偏振方向的光。此处以投影光包括一种偏振方向的光为例，该投影光也可以包括多种偏振方向的光，本申请实施例对此不作限定。
进一步地，本申请实施例还提供了一种光学***。该光学***可以是投影***(如前述透明显示***)，该光学***包括：投影光源，以及本申请实施例提供的任一种光学组件或投影显示介质(投影显示介质包括光学组件)。投影光可以是激光，也可以不是激光，如投 影光为发光二极管(light-emitting diode，LED)等发出的光。
以光学***包括投影光源和光学组件为例。如图19所示，该光学***包括：投影光源20，以及前述实施例提供的任一种光学组件10(图19中以图1所示的光学组件为例)，投影光源20用于向光学组件10中第二相位调制层03的另一侧投射投影光。该投影光在光学组件10上经过第三相位调制后传输至投影光源20所在侧的目标区域，以使目标区域的观看者看到投影图像。
以光学***包括投影光源和投影显示介质为例。如图20所示，该光学***包括：投影光源20和投影显示介质，图20中以图16所示的投影显示介质为例。投影显示介质包括光学组件10，投影光源20用于向光学组件10中第二相位调制层03的另一侧投射投影光。这种情况下，投影光源20向车辆的前挡风玻璃、侧窗玻璃或顶窗玻璃上投射投影光，以在车辆内的目标区域成投影图像。在投影光源20向车辆的前挡风玻璃上投射投影光时，该目标区域可以是副驾驶位所在区域，或者，后排座位所在区域。在投影光源20向车辆的侧窗玻璃上投射投影光时，该目标区域可以是后排座位所在区域。可以理解的是，光学***中的投影显示介质也可以如图17或图18所示，本申请实施例在此不做赘述。
进一步地，本申请实施例提供的光学***还可以包括控制器(附图中未示出)，控制器可以与光学组件中的调光层连接，用于控制调光层调整透光率。比如，请参考前述图3，在调光层01包括第一电极层011、第二电极层012和光学层013时，控制器可以与第一电极层011和第二电极层012电连接。控制器可以通过改变第一电极层011和第二电极层012上加载的电信号，调整光学层013的透光率，从而调整调光层01的透光率。
控制器可以根据用户的指令控制调光层调整透光率，也可以自动控制调光层调整透光率，本申请实施例对此不做限定。
示例地，在控制器根据用户的指令控制调光层调整透光率时，控制器用于接收调光指令(用户触发的指令)，该调光指令用于指示多种透光率中的目标透光率；控制器还用于根据该调光指令，控制调光层将透光率调整为目标透光率。这种情况下，用户可以在交互部件上选择多种透光率中的目标透光率，以触发上述调光指令。交互部件可以属于控制器，也可以是独立于控制器之外且与控制器电连接的部件。该交互部件可以是触控屏(如车辆的中控屏)，或者按钮(如旋转按钮)等。
又示例地，在控制器自动控制调光层调整透光率时，控制器用于根据环境光的亮度，控制调光层调整透光率。比如，在环境光的亮度大于亮度阈值时，控制器可以控制调光层降低透光率；在环境光的亮度小于该亮度阈值时，控制器可以控制调光层提升透光率。这样一来，便能够降低环境光对光学***的显示效果的影响，提升投影显示的效果。
可以理解的是，控制器也可以既根据用户的指令控制调光层调整透光率，又自动控制调光层调整透光率。比如，控制器可以接收模式设置指令，该模式设置指令用于指示控制器的手动模式或自动模式。在该模式设置指令用于指示手动模式时，控制器根据用户的指令控制调光层调整透光率；在该模式设置指令用于指示自动模式时，控制器自动控制调光层调整透光率。
另外，本申请实施例以光学***为投影***，且该投影***包括投影光源、光学组件(或者投影显示介质)和控制器为例。该光学***也可以不是投影***，且该光学***可以不包括投影光源，比如光学***包括光学组件(或者投影显示介质)和控制器，本申请实施例对 此不作限定。
基于本申请实施例提供的任意一种光学***，本申请实施例还提供了一种包括该光学***的终端设备。
可选地，终端设备可以是运载工具。本申请中的运载工具可以包括路上交通工具、水上交通工具、空中交通工具、工业设备、农业设备、或娱乐设备等。例如运载工具可以为车辆，该车辆为广义概念上的车辆，可以是交通工具(如商用车、乘用车、摩托车、飞行车、火车等)，工业车辆(如：叉车、挂车、牵引车等)，工程车辆(如挖掘机、推土车、吊车等)，农用设备(如割草机、收割机等)，游乐设备，玩具车辆等，本申请实施例对车辆的类型不作具体限定。再例如，运载工具可以为飞机、轮船、或潜水艇等交通工具。
又可选地，终端设备也可以是显示设备，如家庭投影电视、用于商业展示的投影显示设备等。
本申请中，“至少一种”是指一种或多种，“多种”指的是两种或两种以上，“多个”指的是两个或两个以上。“第一”、“第二”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在附图中，为了图示的清晰可能夸大了部分或全部的层的尺寸，或者部分或全部区域的尺寸。
以上所述仅为本申请的可选实施例，并不用以限制本申请，凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种光学组件，其特征在于，包括：调光层、第一相位调制层和第二相位调制层；
    所述调光层的透光率可调，所述调光层接收环境光，以及在第一透光率下对所述环境光进行透射；
    所述第一相位调制层的一侧接收所述调光层透射的所述环境光，并对接收到的所述环境光进行第一相位调制后，从所述第一相位调制层的另一侧入射至所述第二相位调制层；
    所述第二相位调制层的一侧接收从所述第一相位调制层出射的所述环境光，并对接收到的所述环境光进行第二相位调制后，从所述第二相位调制层的另一侧出射；其中，所述第一相位调制用于补偿所述第二相位调制，或者，所述第二相位调制用于补偿所述第一相位调制。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的光学组件，其特征在于，所述调光层用于在电信号的控制下调整所述透光率。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的光学组件，其特征在于，所述调光层包括：第一电极层和第二电极层，以及位于所述第一电极层和第二电极层之间的光学层，所述光学层用于基于所述第一电极层和第二电极层上加载的电信号的改变调整所述透光率。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的光学组件，其特征在于，所述光学层为聚合物分散液晶层、电致变色层或悬浮粒子层中的一种。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4任一所述的光学组件，其特征在于，所述第二相位调制层的另一侧接收投影光，并对接收到的所述投影光进行第三相位调制后，从所述第二相位调制层的所述另一侧出射至目标区域。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的光学组件，其特征在于，所述第二相位调制层包括：本体层、反射层和粒子层；
    所述反射层和所述粒子层位于所述本体层和所述第一相位调制层之间；并且，所述反射层位于所述本体层和所述粒子层之间，或者，所述粒子层位于所述本体层和所述反射层之间；所述本体层靠近所述第一相位调制层的一侧，具有第一锯齿结构；所述本体层透光，所述反射层反射所述本体层透射的所述投影光；
    所述第一相位调制层靠近所述第二相位调制层的一侧具有与所述第一锯齿结构相匹配的第二锯齿结构，且所述第一相位调制层的折射率与所述本体层的折射率相同。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的光学组件，其特征在于，所述粒子层的折射率与所述本体层的折射率相同。
  8. 根据权利要求6或7所述的光学组件，其特征在于，所述投影光的波长包括至少一种波长，对于从所述投影光所在侧入射的光，所述反射层反射所述至少一种波长的光，并透射 除所述至少一种波长之外的其他波长的光；
    或者，所述投影光为目标偏振方向的偏振光，对于从所述投影光所在侧入射的光，所述反射层反射所述目标偏振方向的偏振光，并透射除所述目标偏振方向的偏振光之外的光。
  9. 一种投影显示介质，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1至8任一所述的光学组件，以及第一透明层和第二透明层中的至少一层；
    所述第一透明层位于所述调光层远离所述第一相位调制层的一侧，所述第二透明层位于所述第二相位调制层远离所述第一相位调制层的一侧。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的投影显示介质，其特征在于，所述投影显示介质包括：所述第一透明层，所述第一透明层为车辆的前挡风玻璃、侧窗玻璃或顶窗玻璃；
    或者，所述投影显示介质包括：所述第二透明层，所述第二透明层为车辆的前挡风玻璃、侧窗玻璃或顶窗玻璃；
    或者，所述投影显示介质包括：所述第一透明层和所述第二透明层，所述投影显示介质为车辆的前挡风玻璃、侧窗玻璃或顶窗玻璃。
  11. 根据权利要求9或10所述的投影显示介质，其特征在于，所述投影显示介质包括所述第二透明层和增亮层；
    所述第二相位调制层的另一侧接收依次透过所述增亮层和所述第二透明层的投影光，并对接收到的所述投影光进行第三相位调制后，从所述第二相位调制层的所述另一侧依次经过所述第二透明层和所述增亮层后出射至目标区域；
    所述第二相位调制层对接收到的所述环境光进行第二相位调制后，从所述第二相位调制层的另一侧依次透过所述第二透明层和所述增亮层后出射；
    所述增亮层和所述第二透明层对所述投影光的透过率，大于所述第二透明层对所述投影光的透过率。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的投影显示介质，其特征在于，
    所述投影光的波长包括至少一种波长，对于从所述投影光所在侧入射的光，所述增亮层透射所述至少一种波长的光，并反射除所述至少一种波长之外的其他波长的光；
    或者，所述投影光为目标偏振方向的偏振光，对于从所述投影光所在侧入射的光，所述增亮层透射所述目标偏振方向的偏振光，并反射除所述目标偏振方向的偏振光之外的光。
  13. 一种光学***，其特征在于，包括：投影光源，以及权利要求1至8任一项所述的光学组件或权利要求9至12任一项所述的投影显示介质，所述投影光源用于向所述光学组件中所述第二相位调制层的另一侧投射投影光。
  14. 一种运载工具，其特征在于，包括：权利要求13所述的光学***。
PCT/CN2022/114614 2022-08-24 2022-08-24 光学组件、投影显示介质、光学***及运载工具 WO2024040481A1 (zh)

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CN112684529A (zh) * 2020-12-28 2021-04-20 上海慧希电子科技有限公司 光学器件、***及光学设备
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CN106293557A (zh) * 2015-05-04 2017-01-04 北京智谷睿拓技术服务有限公司 显示控制方法和装置
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