WO2024039339A1 - Fault tolerant and adaptive state-of-charge balancing method for battery energy storage systems - Google Patents

Fault tolerant and adaptive state-of-charge balancing method for battery energy storage systems Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024039339A1
WO2024039339A1 PCT/TR2023/050804 TR2023050804W WO2024039339A1 WO 2024039339 A1 WO2024039339 A1 WO 2024039339A1 TR 2023050804 W TR2023050804 W TR 2023050804W WO 2024039339 A1 WO2024039339 A1 WO 2024039339A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
adaptive
energy storage
state
battery energy
charge
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/TR2023/050804
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Ahmet Mete VURAL
Fatih EROGLU
Mehmet KURTOGLU
Ahmet EREN
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Gaziantep Universitesi Rektorlugu
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Publication of WO2024039339A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024039339A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fault tolerant adaptive state of charge (SoC) balancing method for three phase cascade H- bridge multilevel converter-based grid connected battery energy storage systems .
  • SoC state of charge
  • SoC state of charge
  • CHB- MLC cascaded H-bridge multilevel converter
  • BESS battery energy storage systems
  • An example of the state of the art may be "Cell SoC Balancing Using a Cascaded Full-Bridge Multilevel Converter in Battery Energy Storage Systems” (E. Chatzinikolaou and D. J. Rogers, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 63, no. 9, pp. 5394-5402, Sept. 2016) .
  • This document describes a method for balancing each electrochemical cell using a cascaded full bridge multilevel converter.
  • the control and balancing algorithms for each cell are implemented on an FGPA board on a printed circuit board ( PCB ) , and balancing and controlling operations are performed through the aforementioned board .
  • State- of-Charge ( SoC ) -Balancing Control of a Battery Energy Storage System Based on a Cascade PWM Converter (Mahar j an, Laxman & Inoue , Shigenori & Akagi , Hirofumi & Asakura, Power Electronics , IEEE Transactions on . 24 . 1628 - 1636 . Jul . ( 2009 ) .
  • the document is about a method developed for controlling the state of charge of battery units in cascaded pulse width modulation ( PWM) based battery energy storage systems .
  • the proposed control method for battery energy storage systems includes the use of digital master controllers and FGPA, the presence of a battery management module in each battery energy storage system, and the acquisition and stabilization of the relative state-of- charge values for each battery through this module .
  • the coefficients of the proportional controllers in the control loops used during the state of charge balancing process are taken as constant . It is considered that proportional controllers with constant coefficients will cause a significant decrease in the charge state stabilization speed and the documented method may be insufficient in terms of its ability to avoid overmodulation .
  • Another example of the state of the art is patent no . US2022140632A1 . The said document is about a method for determining the state of charge of AC batteries .
  • the state of charge is determined by means of a microcontroller . Furthermore, the FGPA board is used to determine the state of charge in the method in question and the document states the use of FGPA and microcontroller together to monitor the state of charge in more detail . Since the method of the document is aimed at estimating the state of charge , this study does not provide a solution to the balancing speed and over-modulation problems encountered during the balancing of the state of charge .
  • a fault tolerant adaptive state-of-charge balancing method is developed to improve the performance of the cascaded H-bridge multilevel converter-based grid connected battery energy storage system.
  • the invention relates to a fault tolerant adaptive State of Charge ( SoC ) balancing method for three phase cascade H , multilevel converter-based grid connected battery energy storage systems .
  • the invention relates to the integration of battery energy storage systems into the electricity grid via power electronics systems .
  • One obj ect of the invention is to develop an adaptive and fault tolerant method for balancing the level/state of charge ( SoC ) irregularities in cascaded H-bridge multilevel converter ( CHB-MLC ) based battery energy storage systems ( BESS ) in the fastest possible way, and to provide the system with the ability to avoid over-modulation under all conditions during this balancing process .
  • SoC level/state of charge
  • CHB-MLC cascaded H-bridge multilevel converter
  • BESS battery energy storage systems
  • the hardware for the implementation of the method of the invention comprises lithium-ion batteries , MOSFETs to produce cascaded H-bridges , MOSFET drivers , MOSFET coolers , capacitors , resistors , optocouplers , power supplies , oscilloscope , and various measuring instruments .
  • a microcontroller and FPGA board are used in the software part for the implementation of the method of the invention .
  • the FPGA board is of great importance for the real-time operation of the method of the invention and its application to high-level inverters .
  • the invention is an adaptive charge state balancing method for three phase cascade H-bridge multilevel converter-based grid connected battery energy storage systems , and includes the following steps in its most general form;
  • the invention provides a novel charge level/state stabilization method that guarantees the avoidance of overmodulation in a CHB-MLC based battery energy storage system . Since the method of the invention is adaptive control based, it can adapt to the dynamic changes of the system in real time and perform charge level stabilization at least twice as fast as similar methods in the art .
  • Another advantage of the inventive method is that the common-mode voltage of the system is kept constant zero during the state-of-charge balancing process .
  • state-of-charge estimation is performed by conventional methods and state-of-charge balancing is performed by means of a unique adaptive and fault-tolerant controller .
  • the proportional controller coefficients are updated at each sampling time according to the mathematical model of the system in the adaptive module charge level balancing and adaptive phase SoC balancing blocks . This significantly improves the state-of-charge balancing speed . Furthermore , the method of invention provides the system with the ability to avoid overmodulation under all conditions .
  • the method of the invention employs phase-shifted pulse width modulation .
  • the proportional controller coefficients are updated at each sampling time according to the mathematical model of the system in the adaptive module SoC balancing and adaptive phase SoC balancing blocks .
  • the updated proportional controller coefficients are used to generate the voltage reference signals sent to each module , thus creating active power differences between the modules .
  • the currents flowing through the batteries at the input of the modules differ and the SoC value of each battery changes in different amounts per unit time .
  • a microcontroller is used for proportional controller coefficient calculations and reference signal generation processes .
  • the microcontroller sends the calculated reference signals to the FPGA board via serial communication . Using the angles obtained, the FPGA board generates the switching signals required to drive the MOSFETs .
  • the invention provides a fault tolerant adaptive charge level balancing method for three-phase cascade bridge multilevel converter-based grid connected battery energy storage systems . Thanks to the method of the invention, over-modulation is prevented and the balancing process can be performed quickly .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a fault tolerant adaptive charge level balancing method for three-phase cascade bridge multilevel converter-based grid connected battery energy storage systems. The method includes the following process steps : updating the proportional controller coefficients at each sampling time according to the mathematical model of the system in the adaptive module charge state balancing and adaptive phase charge state balancing blocks through a microcontroller, generating voltage reference signals sent to each module using the updated proportional controller coefficients, sending the reference signals calculated by the microcontroller to the FPGA board via a serial communication path, and by the FPGA board, generating of the switching signals required to drive the MOSFETs using the angles obtained.

Description

FAULT TOLERANT AND ADAPTIVE STATE-OF-CHARGE BALANCING METHOD
FOR BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS
Field of Invention
The invention relates to a fault tolerant adaptive state of charge (SoC) balancing method for three phase cascade H- bridge multilevel converter-based grid connected battery energy storage systems .
State of the art
Currently, state of charge (SoC) balancing of the batteries that constitute cascaded H-bridge multilevel converter (CHB- MLC) based battery energy storage systems (BESS) is performed using constant coefficient control loops/proportional controllers. However, the use of constant coefficient proportional controllers leads to overmodulation in some H bridges (i.e. modules) and causes the state of charge/level balancing process to take a relatively long time and degrades the performance of battery energy storage systems .
There are documents in the art that discuss improvements to state-of-charge stabilization in battery energy storage systems .
An example of the state of the art may be "Cell SoC Balancing Using a Cascaded Full-Bridge Multilevel Converter in Battery Energy Storage Systems" (E. Chatzinikolaou and D. J. Rogers, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 63, no. 9, pp. 5394-5402, Sept. 2016) . This document describes a method for balancing each electrochemical cell using a cascaded full bridge multilevel converter. In the document, the control and balancing algorithms for each cell are implemented on an FGPA board on a printed circuit board ( PCB ) , and balancing and controlling operations are performed through the aforementioned board . In the study of the document , battery voltages are used instead of estimating the state of charge for state-of-charge balancing . It is thought that state of charge irregularities cannot be eliminated quickly and over-modulation may occur during the state of charge balancing process through this method .
Another example of the known state of the art may be "State- of-Charge ( SoC ) -Balancing Control of a Battery Energy Storage System Based on a Cascade PWM Converter" (Mahar j an, Laxman & Inoue , Shigenori & Akagi , Hirofumi & Asakura, Power Electronics , IEEE Transactions on . 24 . 1628 - 1636 . Jul . ( 2009 ) ) . The document is about a method developed for controlling the state of charge of battery units in cascaded pulse width modulation ( PWM) based battery energy storage systems . In the document , the proposed control method for battery energy storage systems includes the use of digital master controllers and FGPA, the presence of a battery management module in each battery energy storage system, and the acquisition and stabilization of the relative state-of- charge values for each battery through this module . In the method of the document , the coefficients of the proportional controllers in the control loops used during the state of charge balancing process are taken as constant . It is considered that proportional controllers with constant coefficients will cause a significant decrease in the charge state stabilization speed and the documented method may be insufficient in terms of its ability to avoid overmodulation . Another example of the state of the art is patent no . US2022140632A1 . The said document is about a method for determining the state of charge of AC batteries . In the method of the mentioned document , the state of charge is determined by means of a microcontroller . Furthermore , the FGPA board is used to determine the state of charge in the method in question and the document states the use of FGPA and microcontroller together to monitor the state of charge in more detail . Since the method of the document is aimed at estimating the state of charge , this study does not provide a solution to the balancing speed and over-modulation problems encountered during the balancing of the state of charge .
In order to overcome the disadvantages of the methods in the technique , a fault tolerant adaptive state-of-charge balancing method is developed to improve the performance of the cascaded H-bridge multilevel converter-based grid connected battery energy storage system.
Detailed Description of the Invention
The invention relates to a fault tolerant adaptive State of Charge ( SoC ) balancing method for three phase cascade H , multilevel converter-based grid connected battery energy storage systems .
The invention relates to the integration of battery energy storage systems into the electricity grid via power electronics systems .
One obj ect of the invention is to develop an adaptive and fault tolerant method for balancing the level/state of charge ( SoC ) irregularities in cascaded H-bridge multilevel converter ( CHB-MLC ) based battery energy storage systems ( BESS ) in the fastest possible way, and to provide the system with the ability to avoid over-modulation under all conditions during this balancing process . Thus , it is aimed to improve the performance of battery energy storage systems .
The hardware for the implementation of the method of the invention comprises lithium-ion batteries , MOSFETs to produce cascaded H-bridges , MOSFET drivers , MOSFET coolers , capacitors , resistors , optocouplers , power supplies , oscilloscope , and various measuring instruments . A microcontroller and FPGA board are used in the software part for the implementation of the method of the invention .
The FPGA board is of great importance for the real-time operation of the method of the invention and its application to high-level inverters .
The invention is an adaptive charge state balancing method for three phase cascade H-bridge multilevel converter-based grid connected battery energy storage systems , and includes the following steps in its most general form;
- updating the proportional controller coefficients via a microcontroller at each sampling time according to the mathematical model of the battery energy storage system in the adaptive module state-of-charge balancing and adaptive phase state-of-charge balancing blocks , and generating voltage reference signals sent to each module using the updated proportional controller coefficients ,
- sending the reference signals calculated by the microcontroller to the FPGA board via a serial communication path,
- by the FPGA board, generation of the switching signals required to drive the MOSFETs using the angles obtained . The invention provides a novel charge level/state stabilization method that guarantees the avoidance of overmodulation in a CHB-MLC based battery energy storage system . Since the method of the invention is adaptive control based, it can adapt to the dynamic changes of the system in real time and perform charge level stabilization at least twice as fast as similar methods in the art .
Another advantage of the inventive method is that the common-mode voltage of the system is kept constant zero during the state-of-charge balancing process .
In the method of invention, state-of-charge estimation is performed by conventional methods and state-of-charge balancing is performed by means of a unique adaptive and fault-tolerant controller .
In the method of the invention, the proportional controller coefficients are updated at each sampling time according to the mathematical model of the system in the adaptive module charge level balancing and adaptive phase SoC balancing blocks . This significantly improves the state-of-charge balancing speed . Furthermore , the method of invention provides the system with the ability to avoid overmodulation under all conditions .
The method of the invention employs phase-shifted pulse width modulation .
In more detail , the proportional controller coefficients are updated at each sampling time according to the mathematical model of the system in the adaptive module SoC balancing and adaptive phase SoC balancing blocks . The updated proportional controller coefficients are used to generate the voltage reference signals sent to each module , thus creating active power differences between the modules . As a result of these active power differences , the currents flowing through the batteries at the input of the modules differ and the SoC value of each battery changes in different amounts per unit time . In the method of the invention, a microcontroller is used for proportional controller coefficient calculations and reference signal generation processes . The microcontroller sends the calculated reference signals to the FPGA board via serial communication . Using the angles obtained, the FPGA board generates the switching signals required to drive the MOSFETs .
In sum, the invention provides a fault tolerant adaptive charge level balancing method for three-phase cascade bridge multilevel converter-based grid connected battery energy storage systems . Thanks to the method of the invention, over-modulation is prevented and the balancing process can be performed quickly .

Claims

CLAIMS An adaptive state-of-charge balancing method for three- phase cascade H-bridge multilevel converter-based grid- connected battery energy storage systems , characterized in that it comprises the steps of ;
- updating proportional controller coefficients via a microcontroller at each sampling time according to a mathematical model of the battery energy storage system in an adaptive module state-of-charge balancing and adaptive phase state-of-charge balancing blocks , and generating voltage reference signals sent to each module using the updated proportional controller coefficients ,
- sending the reference signals calculated by the microcontroller to a FPGA board via a serial communication path,
- by the FPGA board, generation of switching signals required to drive MOSFETs using angles obtained .
PCT/TR2023/050804 2022-08-15 2023-08-11 Fault tolerant and adaptive state-of-charge balancing method for battery energy storage systems WO2024039339A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
TR2022/012880 2022-08-15
TR2022/012880A TR2022012880A2 (en) 2022-08-15 2022-08-15 FAULT TOLERANT AND ADAPTIVE STATUS BALANCING METHOD FOR BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS

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WO2024039339A1 true WO2024039339A1 (en) 2024-02-22

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5764027A (en) * 1996-06-21 1998-06-09 Ford Global Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for battery charge balancing
US8115453B2 (en) * 2001-05-25 2012-02-14 Texas Instruments Northern Virginia Incorporated Method and apparatus for managing energy in plural energy storage units
CN113346591A (en) * 2021-06-16 2021-09-03 沈阳工程学院 Energy storage monomer charging and discharging operation model based on self-adaptive equalization technology
US11237216B1 (en) * 2017-08-15 2022-02-01 Qnovo Inc. Method of detecting metal plating in intercalation cells

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5764027A (en) * 1996-06-21 1998-06-09 Ford Global Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for battery charge balancing
US8115453B2 (en) * 2001-05-25 2012-02-14 Texas Instruments Northern Virginia Incorporated Method and apparatus for managing energy in plural energy storage units
US11237216B1 (en) * 2017-08-15 2022-02-01 Qnovo Inc. Method of detecting metal plating in intercalation cells
CN113346591A (en) * 2021-06-16 2021-09-03 沈阳工程学院 Energy storage monomer charging and discharging operation model based on self-adaptive equalization technology

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