WO2024014412A1 - Cermet sintered body, cermet tool and cutting tool - Google Patents

Cermet sintered body, cermet tool and cutting tool Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024014412A1
WO2024014412A1 PCT/JP2023/025287 JP2023025287W WO2024014412A1 WO 2024014412 A1 WO2024014412 A1 WO 2024014412A1 JP 2023025287 W JP2023025287 W JP 2023025287W WO 2024014412 A1 WO2024014412 A1 WO 2024014412A1
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Prior art keywords
hard phase
area
sample
cermet
region
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PCT/JP2023/025287
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
涼馬 野見山
綾乃 根岸
勇一郎 熊
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京セラ株式会社
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Publication of WO2024014412A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024014412A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
    • B23B27/16—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with exchangeable cutting bits or cutting inserts, e.g. able to be clamped
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/58—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/05—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
    • C22C1/051—Making hard metals based on borides, carbides, nitrides, oxides or silicides; Preparation of the powder mixture used as the starting material therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
    • C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
    • C22C29/04—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbonitrides

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a cermet sintered body, a cermet tool, and a cutting tool.
  • Cermet sintered bodies containing titanium (Ti) as the main component are widely used as substrates for parts that require wear resistance, sliding properties, and chipping resistance, such as cutting tools, wear-resistant parts, and sliding parts. ing.
  • a cermet sintered body includes a first hard phase mainly composed of TiCN and a composite carbonitride solid solution of Ti and at least one metal of Groups 4, 5, and 6 of the periodic table. 2 hard phases, and a binder phase containing at least one of Co and Ni and W.
  • the average particle diameter d 2in of the second hard phase in the internal region and the average particle diameter d 2sf of the second hard phase in the surface region are both 0.35 ⁇ m or more and 0.6 ⁇ m or less.
  • the intensity ⁇ 1 in the surface region and the intensity ⁇ 2 in the internal region are both 2300 MPa or more, and the intensity ratio of ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 2 ( ⁇ 1/ ⁇ 2) is 0.8 or more.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of a cermet tool according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a side sectional view showing an example of the cermet tool according to the embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 is a copy of a scanning electron micrograph of a cross section of a cermet sintered body.
  • FIG. 4 is a front view showing an example of the cutting tool according to the embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 shows sample No. 1, which is a comparative example. 1 and sample No. 1 which is an example. 3 is a graph showing the anti-resistance strength in the surface area and the internal area for No. 3.
  • FIG. 6 shows sample No. 1, which is a comparative example. 1 and sample No. 1 which is an example. 3 is a graph showing the thermal shock strength of No. 3.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of a cermet tool according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a side sectional view showing an example of the cermet tool according to the embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 is a copy of a scanning electron micrograph of a cross section of a cermet sintered body.
  • the cermet tool 1 As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the cermet tool 1 according to the embodiment includes a base body 2 and a coating layer 3.
  • the base 2 has, for example, a hexahedral shape in which the top and bottom surfaces (the surfaces intersecting the Z-axis shown in FIG. 1) are parallelograms.
  • the cutting edge has a first surface and a second surface connected to the first surface.
  • the first surface is, for example, the upper surface of the base 2.
  • the second surface is, for example, a side surface of the base body 2.
  • the first surface functions as a "rake surface” that scoops up chips generated by cutting
  • the second surface functions as a "relief surface.”
  • a cutting blade is located on at least a portion of the ridgeline where the first surface and the second surface intersect, and the cermet tool 1 cuts the workpiece by applying the cutting blade to the workpiece.
  • a through hole 21 that vertically penetrates the base 2 may be located in the center of the base 2.
  • a screw 75 for attaching the cermet tool 1 to a holder 70, which will be described later, is inserted into the through hole 21 (see FIG. 4).
  • the base body 2 is made of a cermet sintered body.
  • the cermet sintered body contains Ti (titanium) and W (tungsten), and also contains at least one of Co (cobalt) and Ni (nickel).
  • the base body 2 which is a cermet sintered body, contains a hard phase 5 and a bonding phase 6.
  • the substrate 2 is formed by solid solution of TiCN and at least a portion of carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides of at least one metal of Groups 4, 5, and 6 of the periodic table other than Ti.
  • a hard phase 5 is bonded with a bonding phase 6.
  • the bonded phase 6 contains W and at least one of Co and Ni.
  • the first hard phase is a hard phase containing TiCN as a main component.
  • main component refers to, for example, 55% by mass or more when the entire hard phase of the constituent components is 100% by mass.
  • the first hard phase contains 80% by weight or more of Ti as metal components, and 1% or more by weight of W and one or more metals from Groups 4, 5, and 6 of the periodic table. Contains less than %. Moreover, the first hard phase contains Co and/or Ni as the remainder.
  • the second hard phase is a hard phase made of a composite carbonitride solid solution of Ti and at least one metal of Groups 4, 5, and 6 of the periodic table. Specifically, the second hard phase contains Ti in a total amount of 30% or more and 70% by weight, W and one or more metals from Groups 4, 5, and 6 of the periodic table in a total amount of 70% or more and 30% by weight. % or less, and the total amount of binder phase metals such as Co and/or Ni is 0% or more and 3% or less by weight.
  • the first hard phase 5a is relatively smaller than the second hard phase 5b.
  • the second hard phase 5b is observed to be black, and the second hard phase 5b is relatively grayer than the first hard phase 5a.
  • the second hard phase 5b also includes a double cored structure in which the first hard phase 5a is the core and the second hard phase 5b is the peripheral part. Note that it is not necessary that all the second hard phases 5b have a cored structure.
  • a region centered at a depth of 10 ⁇ m from the surface of the base 2 is defined as the base 2, in other words, the surface region of the cermet sintered body.
  • the width of the surface region in the depth direction of the base body 2 may be, for example, 20 ⁇ m.
  • a region centered at an arbitrary position 0.4 mm or more deep from the surface of the base 2 is defined as an internal region of the base 2.
  • the width of the internal region in the depth direction of the base body 2 may be, for example, 20 ⁇ m.
  • the average particle diameter d 2in of the second hard phase 5b in the internal region and the average particle diameter d 2sf of the second hard phase 5b in the surface region are both 0.35 ⁇ m or more and 0.6 ⁇ m. It is as follows. Further, the area ratio S 2in of the second hard phase 5b to the entire hard phase in the internal region and the area ratio S 2sf of the second hard phase 5b to the entire hard phase in the surface area are both 50 area % or more and 80 area %. It is as follows.
  • the intensity ⁇ 1 in the surface region and the intensity ⁇ 2 in the inner region are both 2300 MPa or more, and the intensity ratio ( ⁇ 1/ ⁇ 2) of the intensity ⁇ 1 in the surface region to the intensity ⁇ 2 in the inner region is 0.8 That's all.
  • the average particle diameter d 1in of the first hard phase 5a in the internal region and the average particle diameter d 1sf of the first hard phase 5a in the surface region are both 0.25 ⁇ m or more and 0.35 ⁇ m. It may be the following. Further, the average particle diameter d 1in of the first hard phase 5a in the internal region and the average particle diameter d 1sf of the first hard phase 5a in the surface region may both be 0.25 ⁇ m or more and 0.3 ⁇ m or less. .
  • the area ratio S 1in of the first hard phase 5a to the entire hard phase in the internal region and the area ratio S 1sf of the first hard phase 5a to the entire hard phase in the surface area are both 20 area % or more and 35 area %. It may be the following.
  • the average grain size d 1sf and area ratio S 1sf of the first hard phase 5a in the surface region are the same as the average grain size d 1in and area ratio S 1in of the first hard phase 5a in the inner region.
  • the thermal shock resistance on the surface can be improved to the same extent as the thermal shock resistance on the inside.
  • the hardness H1 in the surface region and the hardness H2 in the internal region may both be 1450 HV or more.
  • of the difference between the hardness H1 in the surface region and the hardness H2 in the internal region may be 50 or less.
  • the hardness H1 in the surface region is approximately the same as the hardness H2 in the internal region, so that the thermal shock resistance at the surface can be increased to the same extent as the thermal shock resistance inside.
  • the coating layer 3 is coated on the base body 2 for the purpose of improving the wear resistance, heat resistance, etc. of the base body 2, for example.
  • FIG. 2 shows an example in which the coating layer 3 covers the entire surface of the base 2, the coating layer 3 does not necessarily need to cover the entire surface of the base 2.
  • the covering layer 3 only needs to be located on at least a portion of the surface of the base 2.
  • the coating layer 3 is located on the first surface, here the upper surface, of the base body 2, the first surface has high wear resistance and heat resistance.
  • the coating layer 3 is located on the second surface of the base body 2, in this case on the side surface, the second surface has high wear resistance and heat resistance.
  • the coating layer 3 is made of, for example, at least one metal element selected from Group 4, 5, and 6 elements of the periodic table, Al (aluminum), and Si (silicon), and C (carbon), N (nitrogen), and O. (oxygen). With such a configuration, the oxidation resistance of the coating layer 3 is improved. This further improves the wear resistance of the coating layer 3.
  • the covering layer 3 may be one layer.
  • the cermet tool 1 may have the coating layer 3 laminated in a layered manner, that is, two or more layers.
  • the average particle size (d 1in , d 2in , d 1sf , d 2sf ) and the area ratio (S 1in , S 2in , S 1sf , S 2sf ) can be determined, for example, by the following procedure.
  • a cross section of the cermet sintered body is photographed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) at a magnification of 10,000 times to obtain a backscattered electron image.
  • a region including a position at a depth of 10 ⁇ m from the surface of the cermet sintered body is defined as a surface region, and a region including a position at a depth of 400 ⁇ m from the surface of the cermet sintered body is defined as an internal region.
  • draw a straight line with a length of 10 ⁇ m in the direction parallel to the surface of the cermet sintered body and calculate each phase from the length of the line segment that crosses the first hard phase and the length of the line segment that crosses the second hard phase.
  • the diameter, specifically the particle diameter and abundance ratio, specifically the area ratio may be determined.
  • the average particle diameter of the first hard phase may be calculated by dividing the total length of line segments that cross the first hard phase by the number of first hard phases that the line crosses.
  • the average particle diameter of the second hard phase may be calculated by dividing the total length of line segments that cross the second hard phase by the number of second hard phases that the line crosses.
  • the average particle size of the first hard phase and the second hard phase particles smaller than a specific value may be excluded from the target in order to avoid measurement variations. For example, if 0.1 ⁇ m is set as a specific value, and the first hard phase whose line segment is 0.1 ⁇ m or more is the first measurement target, the total length of the line segments in this first measurement target is the line The average particle size of the first hard phase may be calculated by dividing by the number of first measurement objects crossed by the first measurement target. Similarly, if the second hard phase whose line segment is 0.1 ⁇ m or more is the second measurement target, the total length of the line segments in this second measurement target is the number of second measurement targets crossed by the line. By dividing, the average particle size of the second hard phase may be calculated.
  • the length of the line segment that crosses the first hard phase when the sum of the length of the line segment that crosses the first hard phase and the total length of the line segment that crosses the second hard phase is taken as 100%.
  • the total ratio may be calculated as the area ratio of the first hard phase.
  • the length of the line segment that crosses the second hard phase when the sum of the lengths of the line segments that cross the first hard phase and the total length of the line segments that cross the second hard phase is taken as 100%.
  • the total ratio of the hard phase may be calculated as the area ratio of the second hard phase.
  • the bonded phase region is excluded.
  • the measurement may preferably be performed by measuring three visual fields and taking the average thereof. It can also be measured using a commercially available image analysis device.
  • TiCN powder is utilized.
  • This TiCN raw material powder may be one that is generally used in the production of cermets.
  • the TiCN raw material powder may have already undergone a pulverization process. Furthermore, if the TiCN raw material powder has not undergone a pulverization process, it may be pulverized using a rotary mill and media.
  • TiCN raw material powder having such dislocations, carbides of the metals mentioned above, and Co or Ni as the binder phase as raw materials.
  • a raw material powder of TiCN having dislocations may be used, and the binder phase components such as Co and Ni may be 14% by mass or more and 22% by mass or less.
  • the binder phase component is within the above range, the cermet that is the base has high toughness and high hardness.
  • the firing step may be, for example, the following steps.
  • (a) Step of raising the temperature from room temperature to 1100°C in vacuum (b) Holding the temperature at 1100°C in vacuum for 1 to 2.5 hours (c) Injecting N2 gas into the firing furnace at 1100°C and changing the pressure inside the firing furnace to pressure P1, which is 5 Pa, and then increasing the temperature from 1100°C to temperature T1 of 1150 to 1300°C at a heating rate r1 of 0.1 to 2°C/min (d ) Holding at temperature T1 for 0.5 to 2 hours (e) At temperature T1, change the pressure in the firing furnace to pressure P2, which is 300 to 2000 Pa higher than pressure P1, and then change from temperature T1 to 1300 to 2000 Pa.
  • temperature T3 Specifically, after 0.25 hours have passed, the pressure in the firing furnace is gradually reduced from P3 to 5 Pa while applying the pressure in the firing furnace for 0.25 hours. Thereafter, the pressure is maintained at 5 Pa for 0.5 hours.
  • the cermet sintered body of the present disclosure can be produced by firing a molded body having the above-described composition in the above-described firing process.
  • the coating layer 3 may be a so-called hard film, and may be formed by, for example, a PVD method or a CVD method.
  • the coating film may be a single layer or a laminated film.
  • FIG. 4 is a front view showing an example of the cutting tool according to the embodiment.
  • the cutting tool 100 includes a cermet tool 1 and a holder 70 for fixing the cermet tool 1.
  • the holder 70 is a rod-shaped member that extends from the first end toward the second end.
  • the first end is the top end in FIG. 4, and the second end is the bottom end in FIG.
  • the holder 70 is made of steel or cast iron, for example. In particular, it is preferable to use steel with high toughness among these members.
  • the holder 70 has a pocket 73 at the first end.
  • the pocket 73 is a portion on which the cermet tool 1 is mounted, and has a seating surface that intersects with the rotational direction of the workpiece and a restraining side surface that is inclined with respect to the seating surface.
  • the seating surface is provided with a screw hole into which a screw 75, which will be described later, is screwed.
  • the cermet tool 1 is located in the pocket 73 of the holder 70 and is attached to the holder 70 by a screw 75. That is, the screw 75 is inserted into the through hole 21 of the cermet tool 1, and the tip of the screw 75 is inserted into a screw hole formed in the seating surface of the pocket 73, so that the screw portions are screwed together. Thereby, the cermet tool 1 is attached to the holder 70 so that the cutting edge portion protrudes outward from the holder 70.
  • a cutting tool used for so-called turning is exemplified.
  • turning processing include inner diameter processing, outer diameter processing, and grooving.
  • the cutting tool is not limited to one used for turning.
  • the cermet tool 1 may be used as a cutting tool used for milling.
  • cutting tools used in milling include milling cutters such as flat milling cutters, face milling cutters, side milling cutters, and groove milling cutters, and end mills such as single-flute end mills, multi-flute end mills, tapered blade end mills, and ball end mills. .
  • Sample No. which is a cermet sintered body. 3 and no. No. 4 was manufactured using the manufacturing method described above.
  • Sample No. 3 and no. 4 is an example of the present disclosure.
  • sample No. 1 and no. 2 is a conventional cermet sintered body and is a comparative example.
  • Sample No. The average particle size of the first hard phase in Sample No. 1 was 0.22 ⁇ m in the surface region and 0.31 ⁇ m in the internal region.
  • Sample No. The average particle size of the first hard phase in No. 2 was 0.29 ⁇ m in the inner region.
  • Sample No. The average particle size of the first hard phase in Sample No. 3 was 0.29 ⁇ m in the surface region and 0.3 ⁇ m in the internal region.
  • Sample No. The average particle size of the first hard phase in Sample No. 4 was 0.26 ⁇ m in the surface region and 0.34 ⁇ m in the internal region.
  • Sample No. The area ratio of the first hard phase in Sample No. 1 was 12 area % in the surface area and 36.8 area % in the internal area.
  • Sample No. The area ratio of the first hard phase in No. 2 was 0 area % in the surface area and 4.3 area % in the internal area.
  • Sample No. The area ratio of the first hard phase in Sample No. 3 was 28.7 area % in the surface area and 30.1 area % in the internal area.
  • Sample No. The area ratio of the first hard phase in Sample No. 4 was 19 area % in the surface area and 51 area % in the internal area.
  • the ratio of the average particle size of the first hard phase in the surface area to the average particle size of the first hard phase in the internal area is as follows: Sample No. 1 is 0.7, sample No. 3 is 0.95, sample No. 4 was 0.76. The ratio is determined by surface average particle size/internal average particle size.
  • Sample No. The average particle size of the second hard phase in Sample No. 1 was 0.95 ⁇ m in the surface region and 0.48 ⁇ m in the internal region.
  • Sample No. The average particle size of the second hard phase in Sample No. 2 was 0.91 ⁇ m in the surface region and 0.85 ⁇ m in the internal region.
  • Sample No. The average particle size of the second hard phase in Sample No. 3 was 0.41 ⁇ m in the surface region and 0.51 ⁇ m in the internal region.
  • Sample No. The average particle size of the second hard phase in Sample No. 4 was 0.36 ⁇ m in the surface region and 0.58 ⁇ m in the internal region.
  • Sample No. The area ratio of the second hard phase in Sample No. 1 was 88 area % in the surface area and 63.2 area % in the internal area.
  • Sample No. The area ratio of the second hard phase in No. 2 was 100 area % in the surface area and 95.7 area % in the internal area.
  • Sample No. The area ratio of the second hard phase in No. 3 was 71.3 area % in the surface area and 69.9 area % in the internal area.
  • Sample No. The area ratio of the second hard phase in No. 4 was 81 area % in the surface area and 49 area % in the internal area.
  • the ratio of the average particle size of the second hard phase in the surface area to the average particle size of the second hard phase in the internal area is as follows: Sample No. 1 is 1.98, sample no. 2 is 1.07, sample No. 3 is 0.8, sample No. 4 was 0.62.
  • the average particle diameter of the entire hard phase including the first hard phase and the second hard phase is that of sample No.
  • Sample No. 1 was 0.64 ⁇ m in the surface region, 0.39 ⁇ m in the internal region, and sample No. Sample No. 2 was 0.91 ⁇ m in the surface region and 0.85 ⁇ m in the internal region.
  • Sample No. 3 was 0.36 ⁇ m in the surface region and 0.42 ⁇ m in the internal region.
  • 4 was 0.34 ⁇ m in the surface area and 0.46 ⁇ m in the internal area.
  • sample No. which is an example. 3 the area ratio S 2in of the second hard phase to the entire hard phase in the internal region and the area ratio S 2sf of the second hard phase to the entire hard phase in the surface area are both 50 area % or more and 80 area % or less. It is.
  • sample No. which is an example. 3 the area ratio S 1in of the first hard phase to the entire hard phase in the internal region and the area ratio S 1sf of the first hard phase to the entire hard phase in the surface area are both 20 area % or more and 35 area % or less. It is.
  • sample No. 3 and no. Sample No. 4 is a comparative example. 1, No. It can be seen that the second hard phase in the surface region is finer than that in Sample No. 2. After that, sample No. which is an example. 3 and no. Sample No. 4 is a comparative example. 1, No. It can be seen that compared to No. 2, the difference in particle size between the hard phase between the surface region and the internal region, specifically, the first hard phase and the second hard phase, is small.
  • thermal conductivity may be determined in accordance with JIS R 1611.
  • Young's modulus may be determined in accordance with ISO14577.
  • the coefficient of thermal expansion may be determined in accordance with JIS R 1618.
  • the hardness may be determined in accordance with JIS R 1610.
  • the anti-destructive strength may be determined in accordance with JIS R 1601.
  • a strength test piece was prepared as described below and used for the bending strength test of the surface region and internal region. Each surface of a rectangular parallelepiped sintered body of an internal strength test piece (dimensions: 4 mm * 5 mm * 40 mm) was ground by 0.5 mm.
  • a surface strength test piece (dimensions: 4 mm * 5 mm * 40 mm) was ground by 0.5 to 1 mm from each surface of the rectangular parallelepiped except for the tension surface. Furthermore, in order to have the same shape as the tool surface, the tension surface of each strength test piece was blasted and polished by several ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m to produce a test piece of 3 mm * 4 mm * 40 mm.
  • thermal shock strength (R 1c ) was calculated from the obtained thermal conductivity ( ⁇ ), Young's modulus (E), thermal expansion coefficient ( ⁇ ), and anti-destructive strength ( ⁇ ).
  • ⁇ HV20 shown in Table 2 is the absolute value
  • HV20 means hardness when measured with a test force of 20 kgf.
  • the anti-destructive strength ⁇ 1 in the surface region was 2449 MPa
  • the anti-destructive strength ⁇ 2 in the internal region was 2512 MPa.
  • the strength ratio ( ⁇ 1/ ⁇ 2) of anti-analytical strength ⁇ 1 to anti-analytical strength ⁇ 2 was 0.97. Note that the anti-destructive strength ⁇ 1 is the surface strength, and the anti-destructive strength ⁇ 2 is the internal strength.
  • sample No. which is an example.
  • the anti-destructive strength ⁇ 1 in the surface region was 2450 MPa
  • the anti-destructive strength ⁇ 2 in the internal region was 2350 MPa
  • the strength ratio ( ⁇ 1/ ⁇ 2) of anti-analytical strength ⁇ 1 to anti-analytical strength ⁇ 2 was 1.04.
  • sample No. which is an example. 3 and no. 4 the anti-resistance strength ⁇ 1 in the surface region and the anti-resistance strength ⁇ 2 in the internal region are both 2300 MPa or more, and the strength ratio ( ⁇ 1/ ⁇ 2) of the anti-resistance strength ⁇ 1 to the anti-resistance strength ⁇ 2 is: It is 0.8 or more. From this result, sample No. which is an example. 3 and no. It can be seen that in No. 4, the strength in the inner region is relatively high, and the strength in the surface region is also as high as the strength in the inner region.
  • sample No. which is an example.
  • the hardness H1 in the surface region was 1531 HV20
  • the hardness H2 in the internal region was 1495 HV20
  • ⁇ HV20 was 36HV.
  • the hardness H1 in the surface region and the hardness H2 in the internal region are both 1450 HV or more, and the absolute value of the difference between the hardness H1 and the hardness H2
  • sample No. which is an example.
  • the hardness H1 in the surface region was 1560HV20
  • the hardness H2 in the internal region was 1450HV20
  • ⁇ HV20 was 110HV.
  • sample No. which is an example. No. 3 had a thermal shock strength of 9783 in the surface region and a thermal shock strength of 10105 in the internal region.
  • sample No. which is an example. No. 4 had a thermal shock strength of 9795 in the surface region and a thermal shock strength of 9549 in the internal region.
  • sample No., which is a comparative example. No. 1 had a thermal shock strength of 5922 in the surface region and a thermal shock strength of 10309 in the internal region.
  • sample No. 1, which is a comparative example. No. 2 had a thermal shock strength of 7970 in the surface region and a thermal shock strength of 8274 in the internal region. In this way, sample No. which is an example. 3 and no.
  • Sample No. 4 is a comparative example. 1 and no. It can be seen that the thermal shock strength in the surface region is improved compared to No. 2.
  • FIG. 5 shows sample No. 1, which is a comparative example. 1 and sample No. 1 which is an example. 3 is a graph showing the anti-resistance strength in the surface area and the internal area for No. 3.
  • the vertical axis represents the strength ratio when the anti-destructive strength in the internal region is taken as 100%.
  • FIG. 6 shows sample No. 6, which is a comparative example. 1 and sample No. 1 which is an example. 3 is a graph showing the thermal shock strength of No. 3.
  • sample No. The vertical axis shows the strength ratio when the thermal shock strength in the surface area of No. 1 is taken as 100%.
  • sample No. 1 which is an example, Sample No. 3 is a comparative example. It can be seen that the difference between the anti-destructive strength in the surface region and the anti-destructive strength in the internal region is small compared to No. 1.
  • sample No. 1 which is an example, Sample No. 3 is a comparative example. It can be seen that the thermal shock strength in the surface region is improved compared to No. 1.
  • sample No. which is an example. Sample No. 3 is a comparative example. It can be seen that the thermal shock strength in the surface area is approximately 1.65 times higher than that of No. 1.
  • the cermet sintered body according to the embodiment has a first hard phase (as an example, the first hard phase 5a) containing TiCN as a main component, and A bond containing a second hard phase (for example, second hard phase 5b) that is a composite carbonitride solid solution of at least one of Group 5 and 6 metals and Ti, at least one of Co and Ni, and W. phase (as an example, a bonded phase 6).
  • the average particle diameter d 2in of the second hard phase in the internal region and the average particle diameter d 2sf of the second hard phase in the surface region are both 0.35 ⁇ m or more and 0.6 ⁇ m or less.
  • the intensity ⁇ 1 in the surface region and the intensity ⁇ 2 in the internal region are both 2300 MPa or more, and the intensity ratio of ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 2 ( ⁇ 1/ ⁇ 2) is 0.8 or more.
  • the thermal shock resistance on the surface can be improved.
  • a cermet tool according to the present disclosure includes, for example, a rod-shaped main body having a rotating shaft and extending from a first end to a second end, a cutting blade located at the first end of the main body, and a second end of the main body from the cutting blade. It may have a groove extending spirally toward the side.
  • the use of the cermet sintered body according to the present disclosure is not limited to tools.

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Abstract

A cermet sintered body according to the present disclosure comprises: a first hard phase mainly composed of TiCN; a second hard phase that is a composite carbonitride solid solution of Ti and at least one of the metals of Groups 4, 5, and 6 of the periodic table; and a binder phase containing W and at least one of Co and Ni. The average particle size of the second hard phase in an internal region and the average particle size of the second hard phase in a surface region are each 0.35-0.6 μm. The strength σ1 in the surface region and the strength σ2 in the internal region are each 2300 MPa or more, and the strength ratio of σ1 to σ2 is 0.8 or more.

Description

サーメット焼結体、サーメット工具および切削工具Cermet sintered bodies, cermet tools and cutting tools
　本開示は、サーメット焼結体、サーメット工具および切削工具に関する。 The present disclosure relates to a cermet sintered body, a cermet tool, and a cutting tool.
　切削工具や耐摩耗性部材、摺動部材等の耐摩耗性、摺動性、耐チッピング性を必要とする部材の基体として、チタン（Ｔｉ）を主成分とするサーメット焼結体が広く使われている。 Cermet sintered bodies containing titanium (Ti) as the main component are widely used as substrates for parts that require wear resistance, sliding properties, and chipping resistance, such as cutting tools, wear-resistant parts, and sliding parts. ing.
特許第３０９９８３４号公報Patent No. 3099834
　本開示の一態様によるサーメット焼結体は、ＴｉＣＮを主成分とする第１硬質相と、周期表第４、５および６族金属の少なくとも１種とＴｉとの複合炭窒化物固溶体である第２硬質相と、ＣｏおよびＮｉの少なくとも１種とＷとを含有する結合相とを含む。内部領域における第２硬質相の平均粒径ｄ２ｉｎ、および、表面領域における第２硬質相の平均粒径ｄ２ｓｆは、いずれも０．３５μｍ以上０．６μｍ以下である。表面領域における強度σ１、および、内部領域における強度σ２は、いずれも２３００ＭＰａ以上であり、かつ、σ１のσ２に対する強度比率（σ１／σ２）は、０．８以上である。 A cermet sintered body according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes a first hard phase mainly composed of TiCN and a composite carbonitride solid solution of Ti and at least one metal of Groups 4, 5, and 6 of the periodic table. 2 hard phases, and a binder phase containing at least one of Co and Ni and W. The average particle diameter d 2in of the second hard phase in the internal region and the average particle diameter d 2sf of the second hard phase in the surface region are both 0.35 μm or more and 0.6 μm or less. The intensity σ1 in the surface region and the intensity σ2 in the internal region are both 2300 MPa or more, and the intensity ratio of σ1 to σ2 (σ1/σ2) is 0.8 or more.
図１は、実施形態に係るサーメット工具の一例を示す斜視図である。FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of a cermet tool according to an embodiment. 図２は、実施形態に係るサーメット工具の一例を示す側断面図である。FIG. 2 is a side sectional view showing an example of the cermet tool according to the embodiment. 図３は、サーメット焼結体の断面部についての走査型電子顕微鏡写真の模写図である。FIG. 3 is a copy of a scanning electron micrograph of a cross section of a cermet sintered body. 図４は、実施形態に係る切削工具の一例を示す正面図である。FIG. 4 is a front view showing an example of the cutting tool according to the embodiment. 図５は、比較例である試料Ｎｏ．１と実施例である試料Ｎｏ．３についての、表面領域および内部領域における抗析強度を示すグラフである。FIG. 5 shows sample No. 1, which is a comparative example. 1 and sample No. 1 which is an example. 3 is a graph showing the anti-resistance strength in the surface area and the internal area for No. 3. 図６は、比較例である試料Ｎｏ．１と実施例である試料Ｎｏ．３の熱衝撃強度を示すグラフである。FIG. 6 shows sample No. 1, which is a comparative example. 1 and sample No. 1 which is an example. 3 is a graph showing the thermal shock strength of No. 3.
　以下に、本開示によるサーメット焼結体、サーメット工具および切削工具を実施するための形態（以下、「実施形態」と記載する）について図面を参照しつつ詳細に説明する。なお、この実施形態により本開示によるサーメット焼結体、サーメット工具および切削工具が限定されるものではない。また、各実施形態は、処理内容を矛盾させない範囲で適宜組み合わせることが可能である。また、以下の各実施形態において同一の部位には同一の符号を付し、重複する説明は省略される。 Hereinafter, embodiments (hereinafter referred to as "embodiments") for implementing a cermet sintered body, a cermet tool, and a cutting tool according to the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Note that this embodiment does not limit the cermet sintered body, cermet tool, and cutting tool according to the present disclosure. Moreover, each embodiment can be combined as appropriate within the range that does not conflict with the processing contents. Further, in each of the embodiments below, the same parts are given the same reference numerals, and redundant explanations will be omitted.
　また、以下に示す実施形態では、「一定」、「直交」、「垂直」あるいは「平行」といった表現が用いられる場合があるが、これらの表現は、厳密に「一定」、「直交」、「垂直」あるいは「平行」であることを要しない。すなわち、上記した各表現は、例えば製造精度、設置精度などのずれを許容するものとする。 In addition, in the embodiments described below, expressions such as "constant", "orthogonal", "perpendicular", or "parallel" may be used, but these expressions strictly do not mean "constant", "orthogonal", "parallel", etc. They do not need to be "perpendicular" or "parallel". That is, each of the above expressions allows for deviations in manufacturing accuracy, installation accuracy, etc., for example.
　従来のサーメット焼結体には、表面における耐熱衝撃性を向上させるという点で更なる改善の余地がある。このため、表面における耐熱衝撃性が高いサーメット焼結体、サーメット工具および切削工具の提供が期待されている。 There is room for further improvement in conventional cermet sintered bodies in terms of improving the thermal shock resistance on the surface. Therefore, it is expected to provide a cermet sintered body, a cermet tool, and a cutting tool that have high thermal shock resistance on the surface.
＜サーメット工具＞
　図１は、実施形態に係るサーメット工具の一例を示す斜視図である。また、図２は、実施形態に係るサーメット工具の一例を示す側断面図である。図３は、サーメット焼結体の断面部についての走査型電子顕微鏡写真の模写図である。 <Cermet tools>
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of a cermet tool according to an embodiment. Moreover, FIG. 2 is a side sectional view showing an example of the cermet tool according to the embodiment. FIG. 3 is a copy of a scanning electron micrograph of a cross section of a cermet sintered body.
　図１および図２に示すように、実施形態に係るサーメット工具１は、基体２と、被覆層３とを有する。 As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the cermet tool 1 according to the embodiment includes a base body 2 and a coating layer 3.
　基体２は、たとえば、上面および下面（図１に示すＺ軸と交わる面）の形状が平行四辺形である六面体形状を有する。 The base 2 has, for example, a hexahedral shape in which the top and bottom surfaces (the surfaces intersecting the Z-axis shown in FIG. 1) are parallelograms.
　基体２の１つのコーナー部は、切刃部として機能する。切刃部は、第１面と、第１面に連接する第２面とを有する。第１面は、たとえば基体２の上面である。第２面は、たとえば基体２の側面である。実施形態において、第１面は切削により生じた切屑をすくい取る「すくい面」として機能し、第２面は「逃げ面」として機能する。第１面と第２面とが交わる稜線の少なくとも一部には、切刃が位置しており、サーメット工具１は、かかる切刃を被削材に当てることによって被削材を切削する。 One corner of the base 2 functions as a cutting edge. The cutting edge has a first surface and a second surface connected to the first surface. The first surface is, for example, the upper surface of the base 2. The second surface is, for example, a side surface of the base body 2. In the embodiment, the first surface functions as a "rake surface" that scoops up chips generated by cutting, and the second surface functions as a "relief surface." A cutting blade is located on at least a portion of the ridgeline where the first surface and the second surface intersect, and the cermet tool 1 cuts the workpiece by applying the cutting blade to the workpiece.
　基体２の中央部には、基体２を上下に貫通する貫通孔２１が位置していてもよい。この場合、貫通孔２１には、後述するホルダ７０にサーメット工具１を取り付けるためのネジ７５が挿入される（図４参照）。 A through hole 21 that vertically penetrates the base 2 may be located in the center of the base 2. In this case, a screw 75 for attaching the cermet tool 1 to a holder 70, which will be described later, is inserted into the through hole 21 (see FIG. 4).
　基体２は、サーメット焼結体からなる。サーメット焼結体は、Ｔｉ（チタン）とＷ（タングステン）とを含有するとともに、Ｃｏ（コバルト）およびＮｉ（ニッケル）の少なくとも一方を含有する。 The base body 2 is made of a cermet sintered body. The cermet sintered body contains Ti (titanium) and W (tungsten), and also contains at least one of Co (cobalt) and Ni (nickel).
　図３に示すように、サーメット焼結体である基体２は、硬質相５と結合相６とを含有する。具体的には、基体２は、ＴｉＣＮとＴｉ以外の周期表第４、５および６族金属の少なくとも１種の金属の炭化物、窒化物および炭窒化物の少なくとも一部とが固溶してなる硬質相５を結合相６にて結合したものである。結合相６は、ＣｏおよびＮｉの少なくとも１種とＷとを含有する。 As shown in FIG. 3, the base body 2, which is a cermet sintered body, contains a hard phase 5 and a bonding phase 6. Specifically, the substrate 2 is formed by solid solution of TiCN and at least a portion of carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides of at least one metal of Groups 4, 5, and 6 of the periodic table other than Ti. A hard phase 5 is bonded with a bonding phase 6. The bonded phase 6 contains W and at least one of Co and Ni.
　第１硬質相は、ＴｉＣＮを主成分とする硬質相である。本開示において「主成分」とは、たとえば、構成する成分の硬質相全体を１００質量％とした場合、５５質量％以上のことである。 The first hard phase is a hard phase containing TiCN as a main component. In the present disclosure, the term "main component" refers to, for example, 55% by mass or more when the entire hard phase of the constituent components is 100% by mass.
　具体的には、第１硬質相は、金属成分としてＴｉを８０重量％以上、Ｗと周期表第４、５および６族金属のうちの１種以上の金属の総量を１重量％以上１５重量％以下含有する。また、第１硬質相は、残部としてＣｏおよび／またはＮｉを含有する。 Specifically, the first hard phase contains 80% by weight or more of Ti as metal components, and 1% or more by weight of W and one or more metals from Groups 4, 5, and 6 of the periodic table. Contains less than %. Moreover, the first hard phase contains Co and/or Ni as the remainder.
　第２硬質相は、周期表第４、５および６族金属の少なくとも１種とＴｉとの複合炭窒化物固溶体からなる硬質相である。具体的には、第２硬質相は、Ｔｉを３０重量％以上７０重量％、Ｗと周期表第４、５および６族金属のうちの１種以上の金属を総量で７０重量％以上３０重量％以下、Ｃｏおよび／またはＮｉの結合相金属を総量で０重量％以上３重量％以下含有する。 The second hard phase is a hard phase made of a composite carbonitride solid solution of Ti and at least one metal of Groups 4, 5, and 6 of the periodic table. Specifically, the second hard phase contains Ti in a total amount of 30% or more and 70% by weight, W and one or more metals from Groups 4, 5, and 6 of the periodic table in a total amount of 70% or more and 30% by weight. % or less, and the total amount of binder phase metals such as Co and/or Ni is 0% or more and 3% or less by weight.
　図３に示すように、走査型電子顕微鏡（ＳＥＭ）によって得られるサーメット任意断面の画像、具体的には、反射電子画像において、第１硬質相５ａは、第２硬質相５ｂよりも相対的に黒色に観察され、第２硬質相５ｂは、第１硬質相５ａよりも相対的に灰白色に観察される。第２硬質相５ｂは、第１硬質相５ａを芯部とし、第２硬質相５ｂを周辺部とする２重有芯構造をなしているものも含む。なお、全ての第２硬質相５ｂが有芯構造をなしていることを要しない。 As shown in FIG. 3, in an image of an arbitrary cross section of a cermet obtained by a scanning electron microscope (SEM), specifically, in a backscattered electron image, the first hard phase 5a is relatively smaller than the second hard phase 5b. The second hard phase 5b is observed to be black, and the second hard phase 5b is relatively grayer than the first hard phase 5a. The second hard phase 5b also includes a double cored structure in which the first hard phase 5a is the core and the second hard phase 5b is the peripheral part. Note that it is not necessary that all the second hard phases 5b have a cored structure.
　ここで、基体２の表面から１０μｍを深さの位置を中心とする領域を基体２、言い換えれば、サーメット焼結体の表面領域と規定する。基体２の深さ方向における表面領域の幅は、たとえば２０μｍであってもよい。また、基体２の表面から０．４ｍｍ以上深い任意の位置を中心とする領域を基体２の内部領域と規定する。基体２の深さ方向における内部領域の幅は、たとえば、２０μｍであってもよい。 Here, a region centered at a depth of 10 μm from the surface of the base 2 is defined as the base 2, in other words, the surface region of the cermet sintered body. The width of the surface region in the depth direction of the base body 2 may be, for example, 20 μm. Further, a region centered at an arbitrary position 0.4 mm or more deep from the surface of the base 2 is defined as an internal region of the base 2. The width of the internal region in the depth direction of the base body 2 may be, for example, 20 μm.
　実施形態に係る基体２は、内部領域における第２硬質相５ｂの平均粒径ｄ２ｉｎ、および、表面領域における第２硬質相５ｂの平均粒径ｄ２ｓｆが、いずれも０．３５μｍ以上０．６μｍ以下である。また、内部領域の硬質相全体に対する第２硬質相５ｂの面積比率Ｓ２ｉｎ、および、表面領域の硬質相全体に対する第２硬質相５ｂの面積比率Ｓ２ｓｆは、いずれも５０面積％以上８０面積％以下である。また、表面領域における強度σ１、および、内部領域における強度σ２は、いずれも２３００ＭＰａ以上であり、かつ、表面領域における強度σ１の内部領域における強度σ２に対する強度比率（σ１／σ２）は、０．８以上である。 In the base body 2 according to the embodiment, the average particle diameter d 2in of the second hard phase 5b in the internal region and the average particle diameter d 2sf of the second hard phase 5b in the surface region are both 0.35 μm or more and 0.6 μm. It is as follows. Further, the area ratio S 2in of the second hard phase 5b to the entire hard phase in the internal region and the area ratio S 2sf of the second hard phase 5b to the entire hard phase in the surface area are both 50 area % or more and 80 area %. It is as follows. In addition, the intensity σ1 in the surface region and the intensity σ2 in the inner region are both 2300 MPa or more, and the intensity ratio (σ1/σ2) of the intensity σ1 in the surface region to the intensity σ2 in the inner region is 0.8 That's all.
　かかる構成によれば、サーメット焼結体の表面における強度を高めつつ、サーメット表面におけるヤング率の上昇を低減し、サーメットの表面における耐熱衝撃性を向上させることができる。特に、湿式断続切削等過酷な熱衝撃が発生するような条件においてもサーメットの耐摩耗性および耐欠損性を向上させることが可能である。 According to this configuration, it is possible to increase the strength on the surface of the cermet sintered body, reduce the increase in Young's modulus on the cermet surface, and improve the thermal shock resistance on the cermet surface. In particular, it is possible to improve the wear resistance and chipping resistance of the cermet even under conditions where severe thermal shock occurs, such as during wet interrupted cutting.
　実施形態に係る基体２は、内部領域における第１硬質相５ａの平均粒径ｄ１ｉｎ、および、表面領域における第１硬質相５ａの平均粒径ｄ１ｓｆが、いずれも０．２５μｍ以上０．３５μｍ以下であってもよい。また、内部領域における第１硬質相５ａの平均粒径ｄ１ｉｎ、および、表面領域における第１硬質相５ａの平均粒径ｄ１ｓｆは、いずれも０．２５μｍ以上０．３μｍ以下であってもよい。また、内部領域の硬質相全体に対する第１硬質相５ａの面積比率Ｓ１ｉｎ、および、表面領域の硬質相全体に対する第１硬質相５ａの面積比率Ｓ１ｓｆは、いずれも２０面積％以上３５面積％以下であってもよい。かかる構成を有する基体２は、表面領域における第１硬質相５ａの平均粒径ｄ１ｓｆおよび面積比率Ｓ１ｓｆが、内部領域における第１硬質相５ａの平均粒径ｄ１ｉｎおよび面積比率Ｓ１ｉｎと同程度であることから、表面における耐熱衝撃性を内部における耐熱衝撃性と同程度に高めることができる。 In the base body 2 according to the embodiment, the average particle diameter d 1in of the first hard phase 5a in the internal region and the average particle diameter d 1sf of the first hard phase 5a in the surface region are both 0.25 μm or more and 0.35 μm. It may be the following. Further, the average particle diameter d 1in of the first hard phase 5a in the internal region and the average particle diameter d 1sf of the first hard phase 5a in the surface region may both be 0.25 μm or more and 0.3 μm or less. . Further, the area ratio S 1in of the first hard phase 5a to the entire hard phase in the internal region and the area ratio S 1sf of the first hard phase 5a to the entire hard phase in the surface area are both 20 area % or more and 35 area %. It may be the following. In the base body 2 having such a configuration, the average grain size d 1sf and area ratio S 1sf of the first hard phase 5a in the surface region are the same as the average grain size d 1in and area ratio S 1in of the first hard phase 5a in the inner region. The thermal shock resistance on the surface can be improved to the same extent as the thermal shock resistance on the inside.
　実施形態に係る基体２は、表面領域における硬度Ｈ１、および、内部領域における硬度Ｈ２が、いずれも１４５０ＨＶ以上であってもよい。この場合、表面領域における硬度Ｈ１と内部領域における硬度Ｈ２の差の絶対値｜Ｈ１－Ｈ２｜は、５０以下であってもよい。かかる構成を有する基体２は、表面領域における硬度Ｈ１が、内部領域における硬度Ｈ２と同程度であることから、表面における耐熱衝撃性を内部における耐熱衝撃性と同程度に高めることができる。 In the base body 2 according to the embodiment, the hardness H1 in the surface region and the hardness H2 in the internal region may both be 1450 HV or more. In this case, the absolute value |H1−H2| of the difference between the hardness H1 in the surface region and the hardness H2 in the internal region may be 50 or less. In the base body 2 having such a configuration, the hardness H1 in the surface region is approximately the same as the hardness H2 in the internal region, so that the thermal shock resistance at the surface can be increased to the same extent as the thermal shock resistance inside.
（被覆層３）
　被覆層３は、例えば、基体２の耐摩耗性、耐熱性等を向上させることを目的として基体２に被覆される。図２では、被覆層３が基体２の表面を全体的に覆っている場合の例を示しているが、被覆層３は、必ずしも基体２の表面の全体を覆うことを要しない。被覆層３は、基体２の表面の少なくとも一部に位置していればよい。被覆層３が基体２の第１面、ここでは上面に位置する場合、第１面の耐摩耗性、耐熱性が高い。被覆層３が基体２の第２面、ここでは側面に位置する場合、第２面の耐摩耗性、耐熱性が高い。 (Coating layer 3)
The coating layer 3 is coated on the base body 2 for the purpose of improving the wear resistance, heat resistance, etc. of the base body 2, for example. Although FIG. 2 shows an example in which the coating layer 3 covers the entire surface of the base 2, the coating layer 3 does not necessarily need to cover the entire surface of the base 2. The covering layer 3 only needs to be located on at least a portion of the surface of the base 2. When the coating layer 3 is located on the first surface, here the upper surface, of the base body 2, the first surface has high wear resistance and heat resistance. When the coating layer 3 is located on the second surface of the base body 2, in this case on the side surface, the second surface has high wear resistance and heat resistance.
　被覆層３は、たとえば、周期表の４、５および６族元素ならびにＡｌ（アルミニウム）およびＳｉ（珪素）から選択される少なくとも１種の金属元素と、Ｃ（炭素）、Ｎ（窒素）およびＯ（酸素）から選択される少なくとも１種の非金属元素とからなっていてもよい。かかる構成とした場合、被覆層３の耐酸化性が向上する。これにより、被覆層３の耐摩耗性がさらに向上する。被覆層３は、１層であってもよい。また、サーメット工具１は、層状に積層された、すなわち２層以上の被覆層３を有していてもよい。 The coating layer 3 is made of, for example, at least one metal element selected from Group 4, 5, and 6 elements of the periodic table, Al (aluminum), and Si (silicon), and C (carbon), N (nitrogen), and O. (oxygen). With such a configuration, the oxidation resistance of the coating layer 3 is improved. This further improves the wear resistance of the coating layer 3. The covering layer 3 may be one layer. Moreover, the cermet tool 1 may have the coating layer 3 laminated in a layered manner, that is, two or more layers.
（解析方法）
　上記平均粒径（ｄ１ｉｎ、ｄ２ｉｎ、ｄ１ｓｆ、ｄ２ｓｆ）および面積比率（Ｓ１ｉｎ、Ｓ２ｉｎ、Ｓ１ｓｆ、Ｓ２ｓｆ）は、たとえば以下の手順により求めることができる。 (analysis method)
The average particle size (d 1in , d 2in , d 1sf , d 2sf ) and the area ratio (S 1in , S 2in , S 1sf , S 2sf ) can be determined, for example, by the following procedure.
　走査型電子顕微鏡（ＳＥＭ）にて１００００倍でサーメット焼結体の断面を撮影して反射電子像を得る。サーメット焼結体の表面から１０μｍの深さの位置を含む領域を表面領域とし、サーメット焼結体の表面から４００μｍの深さの位置を含む領域を内部領域として定義する。それぞれの領域において、サーメット焼結体の表面と平行方向に長さ１０μｍの直線を引き、第１硬質相を横切る線分の長さと第２硬質相を横切る線分の長さとから、それぞれの相の直径、具体的には粒子径と存在割合、具体的には面積比率を求めてもよい。 A cross section of the cermet sintered body is photographed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) at a magnification of 10,000 times to obtain a backscattered electron image. A region including a position at a depth of 10 μm from the surface of the cermet sintered body is defined as a surface region, and a region including a position at a depth of 400 μm from the surface of the cermet sintered body is defined as an internal region. In each region, draw a straight line with a length of 10 μm in the direction parallel to the surface of the cermet sintered body, and calculate each phase from the length of the line segment that crosses the first hard phase and the length of the line segment that crosses the second hard phase. The diameter, specifically the particle diameter and abundance ratio, specifically the area ratio may be determined.
　具体的には、第１硬質相を横切る線分の長さの合計を線が横切った第１硬質相の数で割った値を第１硬質相の平均粒径として算出してもよい。同様に、第２硬質相を横切る線分の長さの合計を線が横切った第２硬質相の数で割った値を第２硬質相の平均粒径として算出してもよい。 Specifically, the average particle diameter of the first hard phase may be calculated by dividing the total length of line segments that cross the first hard phase by the number of first hard phases that the line crosses. Similarly, the average particle diameter of the second hard phase may be calculated by dividing the total length of line segments that cross the second hard phase by the number of second hard phases that the line crosses.
　なお、第１硬質相及び第２硬質相の平均粒径を算出する際には、測定バラつきを避けるため、特定の値よりも小さいものを対象から除外してもよい。例えば、０．１μｍを特定の値として設定し、上記の線分が０．１μｍ以上となる第１硬質相を第１測定対象として、この第１測定対象における線分の長さの合計を線が横切った第１測定対象の数で割ることによって、第１硬質相の平均粒径を算出してもよい。同様に、上記の線分が０．１μｍ以上となる第２硬質相を第２測定対象として、この第２測定対象における線分の長さの合計を線が横切った第２測定対象の数で割ることによって、第２硬質相の平均粒径を算出してもよい。 Note that when calculating the average particle size of the first hard phase and the second hard phase, particles smaller than a specific value may be excluded from the target in order to avoid measurement variations. For example, if 0.1 μm is set as a specific value, and the first hard phase whose line segment is 0.1 μm or more is the first measurement target, the total length of the line segments in this first measurement target is the line The average particle size of the first hard phase may be calculated by dividing by the number of first measurement objects crossed by the first measurement target. Similarly, if the second hard phase whose line segment is 0.1 μm or more is the second measurement target, the total length of the line segments in this second measurement target is the number of second measurement targets crossed by the line. By dividing, the average particle size of the second hard phase may be calculated.
　また、第１硬質相を横切る線分の長さの合計と第２硬質相を横切る線分の長さの合計との総和を１００％とした場合における第１硬質相を横切る線分の長さの合計の割合を第１硬質相の面積比率として算出してもよい。同様に、第１硬質相を横切る線分の長さの合計と第２硬質相を横切る線分の長さの合計との総和を１００％とした場合における第２硬質相を横切る線分の長さの合計の割合を第２硬質相の面積比率として算出してもよい。このとき、結合相の領域は除外する。また、測定は好ましくは３視野測定し、その平均をとっても良い。また、市販の画像解析装置を用いることによって測定することもできる。 Further, the length of the line segment that crosses the first hard phase when the sum of the length of the line segment that crosses the first hard phase and the total length of the line segment that crosses the second hard phase is taken as 100%. The total ratio may be calculated as the area ratio of the first hard phase. Similarly, the length of the line segment that crosses the second hard phase when the sum of the lengths of the line segments that cross the first hard phase and the total length of the line segments that cross the second hard phase is taken as 100%. The total ratio of the hard phase may be calculated as the area ratio of the second hard phase. At this time, the bonded phase region is excluded. Further, the measurement may preferably be performed by measuring three visual fields and taking the average thereof. It can also be measured using a commercially available image analysis device.
（製造方法）
　次に、サーメット焼結体である基体２の製造方法について説明する。 (Production method)
Next, a method for manufacturing the base body 2, which is a cermet sintered body, will be explained.
　本開示のサーメット焼結体の製造では、ＴｉＣＮ粉末を利用する。このＴｉＣＮの原料粉末は、一般的にサーメットの製造で用いられるものを用いてもよい。ＴｉＣＮの原料粉末は、すでに、粉砕工程を経たものであってもよい。また、ＴｉＣＮの原料粉末が粉砕工程を経たものでない場合には、回転ミルとメディアを用いて粉砕するとよい。 In manufacturing the cermet sintered body of the present disclosure, TiCN powder is utilized. This TiCN raw material powder may be one that is generally used in the production of cermets. The TiCN raw material powder may have already undergone a pulverization process. Furthermore, if the TiCN raw material powder has not undergone a pulverization process, it may be pulverized using a rotary mill and media.
　ＴｉＣＮの原料粉末が粉砕工程を経ることで、ＴｉＣＮの原料粉末の内部に転位が生じ、この転位がある位置にＶ、Ｎｂ、Ｔａ、Ｃｒ、Ｍｏ、Ｗ、Ｃｏ、Ｎｉのうちの１種以上の金属元素が移動する。 When the TiCN raw powder undergoes a pulverization process, dislocations occur inside the TiCN raw powder, and one or more of V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Co, and Ni are present at the positions where these dislocations exist. metal elements move.
　このような転位を有するＴｉＣＮの原料粉末と、上記金属の炭化物、結合相となるＣｏやＮｉを原料として用いるとよい。 It is preferable to use TiCN raw material powder having such dislocations, carbides of the metals mentioned above, and Co or Ni as the binder phase as raw materials.
　転位を有するＴｉＣＮの原料粉末を用い、ＣｏやＮｉなどの結合相成分は１４質量％以上２２質量％以下としてもよい。結合相成分を上記の範囲とすると、基体であるサーメットは高い靭性と、高い硬度を有する。 A raw material powder of TiCN having dislocations may be used, and the binder phase components such as Co and Ni may be 14% by mass or more and 22% by mass or less. When the binder phase component is within the above range, the cermet that is the base has high toughness and high hardness.
　なお、Ｖ、Ｎｂ、Ｔａ、Ｃｒ、Ｍｏ、Ｗを含有する成分として、それぞれの金属元素の炭化物を用いるとよい。 Note that as the components containing V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, and W, carbides of the respective metal elements may be used.
　上述の組成を有する原材料を混合した後、焼成する。焼成工程は、例えば、以下の行程としてもよい。
（ａ）真空中にて室温から１１００℃まで昇温する工程
（ｂ）真空中にて１１００℃にて１～２．５時間保持する工程
（ｃ）１１００℃にて焼成炉内にＮ２ガスを導入し、焼成炉内の圧力を５Ｐａである圧力Ｐ１に変更し、その後１１００℃から１１５０～１３００℃の温度Ｔ１まで０．１～２℃／分の昇温速度ｒ１で昇温する工程
（ｄ）温度Ｔ１にて０．５～２時間保持する工程
（ｅ）温度Ｔ１で、焼成炉内の圧力を圧力Ｐ１よりも高い３００～２０００Ｐａである圧力Ｐ２に変更し、その後、温度Ｔ１から１３００～１４５０℃である温度Ｔ２まで１～５℃／分の昇温速度ｒ２で昇温する工程
（ｆ）温度Ｔ２にて０．２５～１．５時間保持する工程
（ｇ）焼成炉内の圧力を圧力Ｐ２よりも低い、３０～１０００Ｐａの圧力Ｐ３に変更し、その後、温度Ｔ２から１４５０～１６００℃の温度Ｔ３まで２～１０℃／分の昇温速度ｒ３で昇温する工程
（ｈ）温度Ｔ３にて１時間保持する工程
　具体的には、０．２５時間経過後、焼成炉内の圧力を０．２５時間かけながら圧力Ｐ３から５Ｐａまで圧力を徐々に減圧する。その後、０．５時間圧力５Ｐａで保持する。
（ｉ）温度Ｔ３から１００℃以下の温度Ｔ４まで１０～５０℃／分の降温速度ｒ４降温しながら、１０，０００Ｐａ～８０，０００Ｐａの圧力Ｐ４のＡｒガス雰囲気に変更する工程 After mixing the raw materials having the above-mentioned composition, they are fired. The firing step may be, for example, the following steps.
(a) Step of raising the temperature from room temperature to 1100°C in vacuum (b) Holding the temperature at 1100°C in vacuum for 1 to 2.5 hours (c) Injecting N2 gas into the firing furnace at 1100°C and changing the pressure inside the firing furnace to pressure P1, which is 5 Pa, and then increasing the temperature from 1100°C to temperature T1 of 1150 to 1300°C at a heating rate r1 of 0.1 to 2°C/min (d ) Holding at temperature T1 for 0.5 to 2 hours (e) At temperature T1, change the pressure in the firing furnace to pressure P2, which is 300 to 2000 Pa higher than pressure P1, and then change from temperature T1 to 1300 to 2000 Pa. A step of raising the temperature at a heating rate r2 of 1 to 5° C./min to a temperature T2 of 1450° C. (f) A step of holding the temperature T2 for 0.25 to 1.5 hours (g) A step of reducing the pressure in the firing furnace. Step (h) of changing the pressure P3 to 30 to 1000 Pa, which is lower than the pressure P2, and then increasing the temperature from the temperature T2 to the temperature T3 of 1450 to 1600 °C at a temperature increase rate r3 of 2 to 10 °C/min (h) temperature T3 Specifically, after 0.25 hours have passed, the pressure in the firing furnace is gradually reduced from P3 to 5 Pa while applying the pressure in the firing furnace for 0.25 hours. Thereafter, the pressure is maintained at 5 Pa for 0.5 hours.
(i) Step of changing to an Ar gas atmosphere at a pressure P4 of 10,000 Pa to 80,000 Pa while lowering the temperature from temperature T3 to temperature T4 of 100°C or less at a cooling rate r4 of 10 to 50°C/min.
　前述の組成を有する成形体を、上記の焼成工程で焼成することにより、本開示のサーメット焼結体を作製することができる。 The cermet sintered body of the present disclosure can be produced by firing a molded body having the above-described composition in the above-described firing process.
　その後、必要に応じて被覆層３を設けてもよい。被覆層３は、いわゆる、硬質膜であればよく、例えば、ＰＶＤ法やＣＶＤ法で形成するとよい。被覆膜は単層であってもよく、積層膜であってもよい。 Thereafter, a covering layer 3 may be provided as necessary. The coating layer 3 may be a so-called hard film, and may be formed by, for example, a PVD method or a CVD method. The coating film may be a single layer or a laminated film.
＜切削工具＞
　次に、上述したサーメット工具１を備えた切削工具の構成について図４を参照して説明する。図４は、実施形態に係る切削工具の一例を示す正面図である。 <Cutting tools>
Next, the configuration of a cutting tool including the cermet tool 1 described above will be described with reference to FIG. 4. FIG. 4 is a front view showing an example of the cutting tool according to the embodiment.
　図４に示すように、実施形態に係る切削工具１００は、サーメット工具１と、サーメット工具１を固定するためのホルダ７０とを有する。 As shown in FIG. 4, the cutting tool 100 according to the embodiment includes a cermet tool 1 and a holder 70 for fixing the cermet tool 1.
　ホルダ７０は、第１端から第２端に向かって伸びる棒状の部材である。一例として、第１端は図４における上端であり、第２端は図７における下端である。ホルダ７０は、たとえば、鋼、鋳鉄製である。特に、これらの部材の中で靱性の高い鋼が用いられることが好ましい。 The holder 70 is a rod-shaped member that extends from the first end toward the second end. As an example, the first end is the top end in FIG. 4, and the second end is the bottom end in FIG. The holder 70 is made of steel or cast iron, for example. In particular, it is preferable to use steel with high toughness among these members.
　ホルダ７０は、第１端側の端部にポケット７３を有する。ポケット７３は、サーメット工具１が装着される部分であり、被削材の回転方向と交わる着座面と、着座面に対して傾斜する拘束側面とを有する。着座面には、後述するネジ７５を螺合させるネジ孔が設けられている。 The holder 70 has a pocket 73 at the first end. The pocket 73 is a portion on which the cermet tool 1 is mounted, and has a seating surface that intersects with the rotational direction of the workpiece and a restraining side surface that is inclined with respect to the seating surface. The seating surface is provided with a screw hole into which a screw 75, which will be described later, is screwed.
　サーメット工具１は、ホルダ７０のポケット７３に位置し、ネジ７５によってホルダ７０に装着される。すなわち、サーメット工具１の貫通孔２１にネジ７５を挿入し、このネジ７５の先端をポケット７３の着座面に形成されたネジ孔に挿入してネジ部同士を螺合させる。これにより、サーメット工具１は、切刃部分がホルダ７０から外方に突出するようにホルダ７０に装着される。 The cermet tool 1 is located in the pocket 73 of the holder 70 and is attached to the holder 70 by a screw 75. That is, the screw 75 is inserted into the through hole 21 of the cermet tool 1, and the tip of the screw 75 is inserted into a screw hole formed in the seating surface of the pocket 73, so that the screw portions are screwed together. Thereby, the cermet tool 1 is attached to the holder 70 so that the cutting edge portion protrudes outward from the holder 70.
　実施形態においては、いわゆる旋削加工に用いられる切削工具を例示している。旋削加工としては、例えば、内径加工、外径加工及び溝入れ加工が挙げられる。なお、切削工具としては旋削加工に用いられるものに限定されない。例えば、転削加工に用いられる切削工具にサーメット工具１を用いてもよい。転削加工に用いられる切削工具としては、たとえば、平フライス、正面フライス、側フライス、溝切りフライスなどフライス、１枚刃エンドミル、複数刃エンドミル、テーパ刃エンドミル、ボールエンドミルなどのエンドミルなどが挙げられる。 In the embodiment, a cutting tool used for so-called turning is exemplified. Examples of turning processing include inner diameter processing, outer diameter processing, and grooving. Note that the cutting tool is not limited to one used for turning. For example, the cermet tool 1 may be used as a cutting tool used for milling. Examples of cutting tools used in milling include milling cutters such as flat milling cutters, face milling cutters, side milling cutters, and groove milling cutters, and end mills such as single-flute end mills, multi-flute end mills, tapered blade end mills, and ball end mills. .
　以下、本開示の実施例を具体的に説明する。なお、本開示は以下に示す実施例に限定されるものではない。 Examples of the present disclosure will be specifically described below. Note that the present disclosure is not limited to the examples shown below.
　サーメット焼結体である試料Ｎｏ．３およびＮｏ．４を上述した製造方法にて作製した。試料Ｎｏ．３およびＮｏ．４は、本開示の実施例である。また、試料Ｎｏ．１およびＮｏ．２は、従来のサーメット焼結体であり、比較例である。 Sample No. which is a cermet sintered body. 3 and no. No. 4 was manufactured using the manufacturing method described above. Sample No. 3 and no. 4 is an example of the present disclosure. In addition, sample No. 1 and no. 2 is a conventional cermet sintered body and is a comparative example.
　各試料Ｎｏ．１～Ｎｏ．４の表面領域および内部領域について、第１硬質相および第２硬質相の平均粒径および面積比率を上述した解析方法を用いて算出した。なお、この算出に際しては、測定対象の下限値を上述の通り０．１μｍとした。その結果を表１に示す。 Each sample No. 1~No. Regarding the surface area and internal area of No. 4, the average particle diameter and area ratio of the first hard phase and the second hard phase were calculated using the analysis method described above. In this calculation, the lower limit of the measurement target was set to 0.1 μm as described above. The results are shown in Table 1.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000001
  
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000001
  
　試料Ｎｏ．１における第１硬質相の平均粒径は、表面領域において０．２２μｍ、内部領域において０．３１μｍであった。試料Ｎｏ．２における第１硬質相の平均粒径は、内部領域において０．２９μｍであった。試料Ｎｏ．３における第１硬質相の平均粒径は、表面領域において０．２９μｍ、内部領域において０．３μｍであった。試料Ｎｏ．４における第１硬質相の平均粒径は、表面領域において０．２６μｍ、内部領域において０．３４μｍであった。 Sample No. The average particle size of the first hard phase in Sample No. 1 was 0.22 μm in the surface region and 0.31 μm in the internal region. Sample No. The average particle size of the first hard phase in No. 2 was 0.29 μm in the inner region. Sample No. The average particle size of the first hard phase in Sample No. 3 was 0.29 μm in the surface region and 0.3 μm in the internal region. Sample No. The average particle size of the first hard phase in Sample No. 4 was 0.26 μm in the surface region and 0.34 μm in the internal region.
　試料Ｎｏ．１における第１硬質相の面積比率は、表面領域において１２面積％、内部領域において３６．８面積％であった。試料Ｎｏ．２における第１硬質相の面積比率は、表面領域において０面積％、内部領域において４．３面積％であった。試料Ｎｏ．３における第１硬質相の面積比率は、表面領域において２８．７面積％、内部領域において３０．１面積％であった。試料Ｎｏ．４における第１硬質相の面積比率は、表面領域において１９面積％、内部領域において５１面積％であった。 Sample No. The area ratio of the first hard phase in Sample No. 1 was 12 area % in the surface area and 36.8 area % in the internal area. Sample No. The area ratio of the first hard phase in No. 2 was 0 area % in the surface area and 4.3 area % in the internal area. Sample No. The area ratio of the first hard phase in Sample No. 3 was 28.7 area % in the surface area and 30.1 area % in the internal area. Sample No. The area ratio of the first hard phase in Sample No. 4 was 19 area % in the surface area and 51 area % in the internal area.
　内部領域における第１硬質相の平均粒径に対する表面領域における第１硬質相の平均粒径の比率は、試料Ｎｏ．１が０．７、試料Ｎｏ．３が０．９５、試料Ｎｏ．４が０．７６であった。比率は、表面平均粒径／内部平均粒径で求められる。 The ratio of the average particle size of the first hard phase in the surface area to the average particle size of the first hard phase in the internal area is as follows: Sample No. 1 is 0.7, sample No. 3 is 0.95, sample No. 4 was 0.76. The ratio is determined by surface average particle size/internal average particle size.
　試料Ｎｏ．１における第２硬質相の平均粒径は、表面領域において０．９５μｍ、内部領域において０．４８μｍであった。試料Ｎｏ．２における第２硬質相の平均粒径は、表面領域において０．９１μｍ、内部領域において０．８５μｍであった。試料Ｎｏ．３における第２硬質相の平均粒径は、表面領域において０．４１μｍ、内部領域において０．５１μｍであった。試料Ｎｏ．４における第２硬質相の平均粒径は、表面領域において０．３６μｍ、内部領域において０．５８μｍであった。 Sample No. The average particle size of the second hard phase in Sample No. 1 was 0.95 μm in the surface region and 0.48 μm in the internal region. Sample No. The average particle size of the second hard phase in Sample No. 2 was 0.91 μm in the surface region and 0.85 μm in the internal region. Sample No. The average particle size of the second hard phase in Sample No. 3 was 0.41 μm in the surface region and 0.51 μm in the internal region. Sample No. The average particle size of the second hard phase in Sample No. 4 was 0.36 μm in the surface region and 0.58 μm in the internal region.
　試料Ｎｏ．１における第２硬質相の面積比率は、表面領域において８８面積％、内部領域において６３．２面積％であった。試料Ｎｏ．２における第２硬質相の面積比率は、表面領域において１００面積％、内部領域において９５．７面積％であった。試料Ｎｏ．３における第２硬質相の面積比率は、表面領域において７１．３面積％、内部領域において６９．９面積％であった。試料Ｎｏ．４における第２硬質相の面積比率は、表面領域において８１面積％、内部領域において４９面積％であった。 Sample No. The area ratio of the second hard phase in Sample No. 1 was 88 area % in the surface area and 63.2 area % in the internal area. Sample No. The area ratio of the second hard phase in No. 2 was 100 area % in the surface area and 95.7 area % in the internal area. Sample No. The area ratio of the second hard phase in No. 3 was 71.3 area % in the surface area and 69.9 area % in the internal area. Sample No. The area ratio of the second hard phase in No. 4 was 81 area % in the surface area and 49 area % in the internal area.
　内部領域における第２硬質相の平均粒径に対する表面領域における第２硬質相の平均粒径の比率は、試料Ｎｏ．１が１．９８、試料Ｎｏ．２が１．０７、試料Ｎｏ．３が０．８、試料Ｎｏ．４が０．６２であった。 The ratio of the average particle size of the second hard phase in the surface area to the average particle size of the second hard phase in the internal area is as follows: Sample No. 1 is 1.98, sample no. 2 is 1.07, sample No. 3 is 0.8, sample No. 4 was 0.62.
　また、第１硬質相および第２硬質相を合わせた硬質相全体の平均粒径は、試料Ｎｏ．１が、表面領域において０．６４μｍ、内部領域において０．３９μｍ、試料Ｎｏ．２が、表面領域において０．９１μｍ、内部領域において０．８５μｍ、試料Ｎｏ．３が、表面領域において０．３６μｍ、内部領域において０．４２μｍ、試料Ｎｏ．４が、表面領域において０．３４μｍ、内部領域において０．４６μｍであった。 In addition, the average particle diameter of the entire hard phase including the first hard phase and the second hard phase is that of sample No. Sample No. 1 was 0.64 μm in the surface region, 0.39 μm in the internal region, and sample No. Sample No. 2 was 0.91 μm in the surface region and 0.85 μm in the internal region. Sample No. 3 was 0.36 μm in the surface region and 0.42 μm in the internal region. 4 was 0.34 μm in the surface area and 0.46 μm in the internal area.
　このように、実施例である試料Ｎｏ．３およびＮｏ．４は、内部領域における第２硬質相の平均粒径ｄ２ｉｎ、および、表面領域における第２硬質相の平均粒径ｄ２ｓｆが、いずれも０．３５μｍ以上０．６μｍ以下である。また、実施例である試料Ｎｏ．３は、内部領域の硬質相全体に対する第２硬質相の面積比率Ｓ２ｉｎ、および、表面領域の硬質相全体に対する第２硬質相の面積比率Ｓ２ｓｆが、いずれも５０面積％以上８０面積％以下である。 In this way, sample No. which is an example. 3 and no. In No. 4, the average particle diameter d 2in of the second hard phase in the internal region and the average particle diameter d 2sf of the second hard phase in the surface region are both 0.35 μm or more and 0.6 μm or less. In addition, sample No. which is an example. 3, the area ratio S 2in of the second hard phase to the entire hard phase in the internal region and the area ratio S 2sf of the second hard phase to the entire hard phase in the surface area are both 50 area % or more and 80 area % or less. It is.
　また、実施例である試料Ｎｏ．３およびＮｏ．４は、内部領域における第１硬質相の平均粒径ｄ１ｉｎ、および、表面領域における第１硬質相の平均粒径ｄ１ｓｆが、いずれも０．２５μｍ以上０．３５μｍ以下である。また、実施例である試料Ｎｏ．３は、内部領域の硬質相全体に対する第１硬質相の面積比率Ｓ１ｉｎ、および、表面領域の硬質相全体に対する第１硬質相の面積比率Ｓ１ｓｆが、いずれも２０面積％以上３５面積％以下である。 In addition, sample No. which is an example. 3 and no. In No. 4, the average particle diameter d 1in of the first hard phase in the internal region and the average particle diameter d 1sf of the first hard phase in the surface region are both 0.25 μm or more and 0.35 μm or less. In addition, sample No. which is an example. 3, the area ratio S 1in of the first hard phase to the entire hard phase in the internal region and the area ratio S 1sf of the first hard phase to the entire hard phase in the surface area are both 20 area % or more and 35 area % or less. It is.
　これらの結果から、実施例である試料Ｎｏ．３およびＮｏ．４は、比較例である試料Ｎｏ．１，Ｎｏ．２と比べて、表面領域における第２硬質相が微細化されていることがわかる。そのうえで、実施例である試料Ｎｏ．３およびＮｏ．４は、比較例である試料Ｎｏ．１，Ｎｏ．２と比べて、表面領域および内部領域間における硬質相、具体的には、第１硬質相および第２硬質相の粒子径の差が小さいことがわかる。 From these results, sample No. 3 and no. Sample No. 4 is a comparative example. 1, No. It can be seen that the second hard phase in the surface region is finer than that in Sample No. 2. After that, sample No. which is an example. 3 and no. Sample No. 4 is a comparative example. 1, No. It can be seen that compared to No. 2, the difference in particle size between the hard phase between the surface region and the internal region, specifically, the first hard phase and the second hard phase, is small.
　試料Ｎｏ．１～Ｎｏ．４について、熱伝導率、ヤング率、熱膨張係数、硬度および抗析強度の測定を行った。結果を表２に示す。 Sample No. 1~No. Regarding No. 4, the thermal conductivity, Young's modulus, coefficient of thermal expansion, hardness, and anti-destructive strength were measured. The results are shown in Table 2.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000002
  
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000002
  
　なお、熱伝導率（λ）については、ＪＩＳ　Ｒ　１６１１に準拠して求めればよい。ヤング率（Ｅ）については、ＩＳＯ１４５７７に準拠して求めればよい。熱膨張係数（α）については、ＪＩＳ　Ｒ　１６１８に準拠して求めればよい。硬度については、ＪＩＳ　Ｒ　１６１０に準拠して求めればよい。抗析強度については、ＪＩＳ　Ｒ　１６０１に準拠して求めればよい。強度試験片については下記の様に作製し、表面領域と内部領域の抗折強度試験に用いた。内部強度試験片（寸法：４ｍｍ＊５ｍｍ＊４０ｍｍ）の直方体の焼結体の各面を０．５ｍｍ研削除去した。表面強度試験片（寸法：４ｍｍ＊５ｍｍ＊４０ｍｍ）の直方体の張力面を除く各面を０．５～１ｍｍ研削除去した。さらに、工具表面と同様の形態とするため、それぞれの強度試験片の張力面にブラスト処理を行い、数μｍ～１０μｍ程度研磨し、３ｍｍ＊４ｍｍ＊４０ｍｍの試験片を作製した。 Note that the thermal conductivity (λ) may be determined in accordance with JIS R 1611. Young's modulus (E) may be determined in accordance with ISO14577. The coefficient of thermal expansion (α) may be determined in accordance with JIS R 1618. The hardness may be determined in accordance with JIS R 1610. The anti-destructive strength may be determined in accordance with JIS R 1601. A strength test piece was prepared as described below and used for the bending strength test of the surface region and internal region. Each surface of a rectangular parallelepiped sintered body of an internal strength test piece (dimensions: 4 mm * 5 mm * 40 mm) was ground by 0.5 mm. A surface strength test piece (dimensions: 4 mm * 5 mm * 40 mm) was ground by 0.5 to 1 mm from each surface of the rectangular parallelepiped except for the tension surface. Furthermore, in order to have the same shape as the tool surface, the tension surface of each strength test piece was blasted and polished by several μm to 10 μm to produce a test piece of 3 mm * 4 mm * 40 mm.
　また、得られた熱伝導率（λ）、ヤング率（Ｅ）、熱膨張係数（α）および抗析強度（σ）から熱衝撃強度（Ｒ１ｃ）を算出した。熱衝撃強度Ｒ１ｃは、Ｒ１ｃ＝（λσ）／Ｅαの式により得られる。また、表２に示す「ΔＨＶ２０」は、表面領域における硬度Ｈ１と内部領域における硬度Ｈ２の差の絶対値｜Ｈ１－Ｈ２｜である。なお、「ＨＶ２０」とは、試験力２０ｋｇｆで測定した場合の硬度を意味する。 Further, the thermal shock strength (R 1c ) was calculated from the obtained thermal conductivity (λ), Young's modulus (E), thermal expansion coefficient (α), and anti-destructive strength (σ). Thermal shock strength R 1c is obtained by the formula R 1c = (λσ)/Eα. Further, "ΔHV20" shown in Table 2 is the absolute value |H1-H2| of the difference between the hardness H1 in the surface region and the hardness H2 in the internal region. In addition, "HV20" means hardness when measured with a test force of 20 kgf.
　実施例である試料Ｎｏ．３は、表面領域における抗析強度σ１が２４４９ＭＰａであり、内部領域における抗析強度σ２が２５１２ＭＰａであった。また、試料Ｎｏ．３は、抗析強度σ１の抗析強度σ２に対する強度比率（σ１／σ２）が、０．９７であった。なお、抗析強度σ１は表面強度であり、抗析強度σ２は内部強度である。 Sample No. which is an example. In No. 3, the anti-destructive strength σ1 in the surface region was 2449 MPa, and the anti-destructive strength σ2 in the internal region was 2512 MPa. In addition, sample No. In No. 3, the strength ratio (σ1/σ2) of anti-analytical strength σ1 to anti-analytical strength σ2 was 0.97. Note that the anti-destructive strength σ1 is the surface strength, and the anti-destructive strength σ2 is the internal strength.
　また、実施例である試料Ｎｏ．４は、表面領域における抗析強度σ１が２４５０ＭＰａであり、内部領域における抗析強度σ２が２３５０ＭＰａであった。また、試料Ｎｏ．４は、抗析強度σ１の抗析強度σ２に対する強度比率（σ１／σ２）が、１．０４であった。 In addition, sample No. which is an example. In No. 4, the anti-destructive strength σ1 in the surface region was 2450 MPa, and the anti-destructive strength σ2 in the internal region was 2350 MPa. In addition, sample No. In No. 4, the strength ratio (σ1/σ2) of anti-analytical strength σ1 to anti-analytical strength σ2 was 1.04.
　このように、実施例である試料Ｎｏ．３およびＮｏ．４は、表面領域における抗析強度σ１、および、内部領域における抗析強度σ２が、いずれも２３００ＭＰａ以上であり、かつ、抗析強度σ１の抗析強度σ２に対する強度比率（σ１／σ２）は、０．８以上である。この結果から、実施例である試料Ｎｏ．３およびＮｏ．４は、内部領域における強度が比較的高く、かつ、表面領域における強度も内部領域における強度と同程度に高いことがわかる。 In this way, sample No. which is an example. 3 and no. 4, the anti-resistance strength σ1 in the surface region and the anti-resistance strength σ2 in the internal region are both 2300 MPa or more, and the strength ratio (σ1/σ2) of the anti-resistance strength σ1 to the anti-resistance strength σ2 is: It is 0.8 or more. From this result, sample No. which is an example. 3 and no. It can be seen that in No. 4, the strength in the inner region is relatively high, and the strength in the surface region is also as high as the strength in the inner region.
　また、実施例である試料Ｎｏ．３は、表面領域における硬度Ｈ１が、１５３１ＨＶ２０であり、内部領域における硬度Ｈ２が、１４９５ＨＶ２０であった。また、ΔＨＶ２０は、３６ＨＶであった。 In addition, sample No. which is an example. In No. 3, the hardness H1 in the surface region was 1531 HV20, and the hardness H2 in the internal region was 1495 HV20. Further, ΔHV20 was 36HV.
　このように、実施例である試料Ｎｏ．３は、表面領域における硬度Ｈ１、および、内部領域における硬度Ｈ２が、いずれも１４５０ＨＶ以上であり、硬度Ｈ１と硬度Ｈ２の差の絶対値｜Ｈ１－Ｈ２｜が、５０以下である。この結果から、実施例である試料Ｎｏ．３は、表面領域における硬度が内部領域における硬度と同程度であることがわかる。 In this way, sample No. which is an example. In No. 3, the hardness H1 in the surface region and the hardness H2 in the internal region are both 1450 HV or more, and the absolute value of the difference between the hardness H1 and the hardness H2 |H1-H2| is 50 or less. From this result, sample No. which is an example. 3, it can be seen that the hardness in the surface region is comparable to the hardness in the internal region.
　なお、実施例である試料Ｎｏ．４は、表面領域における硬度Ｈ１が、１５６０ＨＶ２０であり、内部領域における硬度Ｈ２が、１４５０ＨＶ２０であった。また、ΔＨＶ２０は、１１０ＨＶであった。 In addition, sample No. which is an example. In No. 4, the hardness H1 in the surface region was 1560HV20, and the hardness H2 in the internal region was 1450HV20. Further, ΔHV20 was 110HV.
　また、実施例である試料Ｎｏ．３は、表面領域における熱衝撃強度が９７８３であり、内部領域における熱衝撃強度が１０１０５であった。また、実施例である試料Ｎｏ．４は、表面領域における熱衝撃強度が９７９５であり、内部領域における熱衝撃強度が９５４９であった。一方、比較例である試料Ｎｏ．１は、表面領域における熱衝撃強度が５９２２であり、内部領域における熱衝撃強度が１０３０９であった。また、比較例である試料Ｎｏ．２は、表面領域における熱衝撃強度が７９７０であり、内部領域における熱衝撃強度が８２７４であった。このように、実施例である試料Ｎｏ．３およびＮｏ．４は、比較例である試料Ｎｏ．１およびＮｏ．２と比較して、表面領域における熱衝撃強度が向上していることがわかる。 In addition, sample No. which is an example. No. 3 had a thermal shock strength of 9783 in the surface region and a thermal shock strength of 10105 in the internal region. In addition, sample No. which is an example. No. 4 had a thermal shock strength of 9795 in the surface region and a thermal shock strength of 9549 in the internal region. On the other hand, sample No., which is a comparative example. No. 1 had a thermal shock strength of 5922 in the surface region and a thermal shock strength of 10309 in the internal region. In addition, sample No. 1, which is a comparative example. No. 2 had a thermal shock strength of 7970 in the surface region and a thermal shock strength of 8274 in the internal region. In this way, sample No. which is an example. 3 and no. Sample No. 4 is a comparative example. 1 and no. It can be seen that the thermal shock strength in the surface region is improved compared to No. 2.
　また、各試料Ｎｏ．１～Ｎｏ．４について耐欠損性試験を行った。耐欠損性試験の条件は、以下の通りである。 Also, each sample No. 1~No. A fracture resistance test was conducted on No. 4. The conditions for the fracture resistance test are as follows.
＜耐欠損性試験（旋削加工）＞
被削材：Ｓ４５Ｃ（２５ｍｍ幅の溝×４本）
切削速度：２５０ｍ／ｍｉｎ
送り：０．２５ｍｍ／ｒｅｖ
切込み：０．５ｍｍ
切削状態：湿式
評価方法：欠損するまでの衝撃回数（回） <Failure resistance test (turning)>
Work material: S45C (25mm width groove x 4)
Cutting speed: 250m/min
Feed: 0.25mm/rev
Depth of cut: 0.5mm
Cutting condition: Wet evaluation method: Number of impacts until breakage (times)
　表２に示すように、欠損するまでの衝撃回数は、比較例である試料Ｎｏ．１が８４６４回であり、試料Ｎｏ．２が９１４１回であったのに対し、実施例である試料Ｎｏ．３は、１１０４０回、試料Ｎｏ．４は、１００７０回であった。この結果から、実施例である試料Ｎｏ．３およびＮｏ．４は、比較例である試料Ｎｏ．１およびＮｏ．２と比べて耐欠損性が向上していることがわかる。 As shown in Table 2, the number of impacts until breakage was the same for Sample No., which is a comparative example. 1 is 8464 times, and sample No. 2 was 9141 times, whereas Sample No. 2, which is an example, had 9141 times. 3 is sample No. 11,040 times. 4 was 10,070 times. From this result, sample No. which is an example. 3 and no. Sample No. 4 is a comparative example. 1 and no. It can be seen that the fracture resistance is improved compared to No. 2.
　図５は、比較例である試料Ｎｏ．１と実施例である試料Ｎｏ．３についての、表面領域および内部領域における抗析強度を示すグラフである。図５では、内部領域における抗析強度を１００％とした場合の強度比を縦軸に示している。また、図６は、比較例である試料Ｎｏ．１と実施例である試料Ｎｏ．３の熱衝撃強度を示すグラフである。図６では、試料Ｎｏ．１の表面領域における熱衝撃強度を１００％とした場合の強度比を縦軸に示している。 FIG. 5 shows sample No. 1, which is a comparative example. 1 and sample No. 1 which is an example. 3 is a graph showing the anti-resistance strength in the surface area and the internal area for No. 3. In FIG. 5, the vertical axis represents the strength ratio when the anti-destructive strength in the internal region is taken as 100%. Further, FIG. 6 shows sample No. 6, which is a comparative example. 1 and sample No. 1 which is an example. 3 is a graph showing the thermal shock strength of No. 3. In FIG. 6, sample No. The vertical axis shows the strength ratio when the thermal shock strength in the surface area of No. 1 is taken as 100%.
　図５に示すように、実施例である試料Ｎｏ．３は、比較例である試料Ｎｏ．１と比べて、表面領域における抗析強度と内部領域における抗析強度との差が小さいことがわかる。また、図６に示すように、実施例である試料Ｎｏ．３は、比較例である試料Ｎｏ．１と比べて、表面領域における熱衝撃強度が向上していることがわかる。具体的には、実施例である試料Ｎｏ．３は、比較例である試料Ｎｏ．１と比べて、表面領域における熱衝撃強度がおよそ１．６５倍高くなっていることがわかる。 As shown in FIG. 5, sample No. 1, which is an example, Sample No. 3 is a comparative example. It can be seen that the difference between the anti-destructive strength in the surface region and the anti-destructive strength in the internal region is small compared to No. 1. In addition, as shown in FIG. 6, sample No. 1, which is an example, Sample No. 3 is a comparative example. It can be seen that the thermal shock strength in the surface region is improved compared to No. 1. Specifically, sample No. which is an example. Sample No. 3 is a comparative example. It can be seen that the thermal shock strength in the surface area is approximately 1.65 times higher than that of No. 1.
　上述してきたように、実施形態に係るサーメット焼結体（一例として、基体２）は、ＴｉＣＮを主成分とする第１硬質相（一例として、第１硬質相５ａ）と、周期表第４、５および６族金属の少なくとも１種とＴｉとの複合炭窒化物固溶体である第２硬質相（一例として、第２硬質相５ｂ）と、ＣｏおよびＮｉの少なくとも１種とＷとを含有する結合相（一例として、結合相６）とを含む。内部領域における第２硬質相の平均粒径ｄ２ｉｎ、および、表面領域における第２硬質相の平均粒径ｄ２ｓｆは、いずれも０．３５μｍ以上０．６μｍ以下である。表面領域における強度σ１、および、内部領域における強度σ２は、いずれも２３００ＭＰａ以上であり、かつ、σ１のσ２に対する強度比率（σ１／σ２）は、０．８以上である。 As described above, the cermet sintered body according to the embodiment (as an example, the base body 2) has a first hard phase (as an example, the first hard phase 5a) containing TiCN as a main component, and A bond containing a second hard phase (for example, second hard phase 5b) that is a composite carbonitride solid solution of at least one of Group 5 and 6 metals and Ti, at least one of Co and Ni, and W. phase (as an example, a bonded phase 6). The average particle diameter d 2in of the second hard phase in the internal region and the average particle diameter d 2sf of the second hard phase in the surface region are both 0.35 μm or more and 0.6 μm or less. The intensity σ1 in the surface region and the intensity σ2 in the internal region are both 2300 MPa or more, and the intensity ratio of σ1 to σ2 (σ1/σ2) is 0.8 or more.
　したがって、実施形態に係るサーメット焼結体によれば、表面における耐熱衝撃性を向上させることができる。 Therefore, according to the cermet sintered body according to the embodiment, the thermal shock resistance on the surface can be improved.
　なお、図１に示したサーメット工具１の形状はあくまで一例であって、本開示によるサーメット工具の形状を限定するものではない。本開示によるサーメット工具は、たとえば、回転軸を有し、第１端から第２端にかけて延びる棒形状の本体と、本体の第１端に位置する切刃と、切刃から本体の第２端の側に向かって螺旋状に延びた溝とを有していてもよい。 Note that the shape of the cermet tool 1 shown in FIG. 1 is just an example, and does not limit the shape of the cermet tool according to the present disclosure. A cermet tool according to the present disclosure includes, for example, a rod-shaped main body having a rotating shaft and extending from a first end to a second end, a cutting blade located at the first end of the main body, and a second end of the main body from the cutting blade. It may have a groove extending spirally toward the side.
　また、ここでは、サーメット焼結体を工具として使用する場合の例について説明したが、本開示によるサーメット焼結体の用途は工具に限定されない。 Furthermore, although an example in which the cermet sintered body is used as a tool has been described here, the use of the cermet sintered body according to the present disclosure is not limited to tools.
　さらなる効果や変形例は、当業者によって容易に導き出すことができる。このため、本発明のより広範な態様は、以上のように表しかつ記述した特定の詳細および代表的な実施形態に限定されるものではない。したがって、添付の請求の範囲およびその均等物によって定義される総括的な発明の概念の精神または範囲から逸脱することなく、様々な変更が可能である。 Further effects and modifications can be easily deduced by those skilled in the art. Therefore, the broader aspects of the invention are not limited to the specific details and representative embodiments shown and described above. Accordingly, various changes may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the general inventive concept as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
　１　サーメット工具
　２　基体
　３　被覆層
　５　硬質相
　５ａ　第１硬質相
　５ｂ　第２硬質相
　６　結合相
　２１　貫通孔
　７０　ホルダ
　７３　ポケット
　７５　ネジ
　１００　切削工具 1 Cermet tool 2 Base 3 Covering layer 5 Hard phase 5a First hard phase 5b Second hard phase 6 Bonding phase 21 Through hole 70 Holder 73 Pocket 75 Screw 100 Cutting tool

Claims (6)

  1. 　サーメット焼結体であって、
    　ＴｉＣＮを主成分とする第１硬質相と、
    　周期表第４、５および６族金属の少なくとも１種とＴｉとの複合炭窒化物固溶体である第２硬質相と、
    　ＣｏおよびＮｉの少なくとも１種とＷとを含有する結合相と
    　を含み、
    　内部領域における第２硬質相の平均粒径ｄ２ｉｎ、および、表面領域における前記第２硬質相の平均粒径ｄ２ｓｆは、いずれも０．３５μｍ以上０．６μｍ以下であり、
    　前記表面領域における強度σ１、および、前記内部領域における強度σ２は、いずれも２３００ＭＰａ以上であり、かつ、前記σ１の前記σ２に対する強度比率（σ１／σ２）は、０．８以上である、サーメット焼結体。     A cermet sintered body,
    a first hard phase mainly composed of TiCN;
    a second hard phase that is a composite carbonitride solid solution of Ti and at least one metal of Groups 4, 5 and 6 of the periodic table;
    a binder phase containing at least one of Co and Ni and W;
    The average particle size d 2in of the second hard phase in the internal region and the average particle size d 2sf of the second hard phase in the surface area are both 0.35 μm or more and 0.6 μm or less,
    The strength σ1 in the surface region and the strength σ2 in the internal region are both 2300 MPa or more, and the strength ratio (σ1/σ2) of the σ1 to the σ2 is 0.8 or more. Concretion.
  2. 　前記内部領域の硬質相全体に対する第２硬質相の面積比率Ｓ２ｉｎ、および、前記表面領域の硬質相全体に対する第２硬質相の面積比率Ｓ２ｓｆは、いずれも５０面積％以上８０面積％以下である、請求項１に記載のサーメット焼結体。 The area ratio S 2in of the second hard phase to the entire hard phase in the internal region and the area ratio S 2sf of the second hard phase to the entire hard phase in the surface area are both 50 area % or more and 80 area % or less. The cermet sintered body according to claim 1.
  3. 　前記内部領域における前記第１硬質相の平均粒径ｄ１ｉｎ、および、前記表面領域における前記第１硬質相の平均粒径ｄ１ｓｆは、いずれも０．２５μｍ以上０．３５μｍ以下であり、
    　前記内部領域の硬質相全体に対する前記第１硬質相の面積比率Ｓ１ｉｎ、および、前記表面領域の硬質相全体に対する前記第１硬質相の面積比率Ｓ１ｓｆは、いずれも２０面積％以上３５面積％以下である、請求項１に記載のサーメット焼結体。     The average particle size d 1in of the first hard phase in the internal region and the average particle size d 1sf of the first hard phase in the surface area are both 0.25 μm or more and 0.35 μm or less,
    The area ratio S 1in of the first hard phase to the entire hard phase in the internal region and the area ratio S 1sf of the first hard phase to the entire hard phase in the surface area are both 20 area % or more and 35 area %. The cermet sintered body according to claim 1, which is as follows.
  4. 　前記表面領域における硬度Ｈ１、および、前記内部領域における硬度Ｈ２は、いずれも１４５０ＨＶ以上であり、
    　前記Ｈ１と前記Ｈ２の差の絶対値｜Ｈ１－Ｈ２｜は、５０以下である、請求項１に記載のサーメット焼結体。     The hardness H1 in the surface region and the hardness H2 in the internal region are both 1450 HV or more,
    The cermet sintered body according to claim 1, wherein the absolute value of the difference between the H1 and the H2 |H1−H2| is 50 or less.
  5. 　請求項１～４のいずれか一つに記載のサーメット焼結体と、
    　前記サーメット焼結体の表面の少なくとも一部に位置する、周期表第４、５および６族ならびにＡｌおよびＳｉから選択される少なくとも１種の金属元素と、Ｃ、ＮおよびＯから選択される少なくとも１種の非金属元素とからなる１層または２層以上の被覆層と
    　を備える、サーメット工具。     The cermet sintered body according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
    At least one metal element selected from Groups 4, 5 and 6 of the periodic table, Al and Si, and at least one metal element selected from C, N and O, located on at least a part of the surface of the cermet sintered body. A cermet tool comprising one or more coating layers comprising one type of nonmetallic element.
  6. 　第１端から第２端に向かって延び、前記第１端の側にポケットを有するホルダと、
    　前記ポケットに位置する請求項５に記載のサーメット工具と、を備えた切削工具。     a holder extending from a first end toward a second end and having a pocket on a side of the first end;
    A cutting tool comprising: the cermet tool according to claim 5 located in the pocket.
PCT/JP2023/025287 2022-07-11 2023-07-07 Cermet sintered body, cermet tool and cutting tool WO2024014412A1 (en)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006111947A (en) * 2004-10-18 2006-04-27 Tungaloy Corp Ultra-fine particle of cermet
JP2016135906A (en) * 2015-01-16 2016-07-28 住友電気工業株式会社 Cermet, cutting tool and manufacturing method of cermet
WO2017179657A1 (en) * 2016-04-13 2017-10-19 京セラ株式会社 Cutting insert and cutting tool
JP2019025559A (en) * 2017-07-27 2019-02-21 京セラ株式会社 Coated tool, cutting tool, and manufacturing method of cutting workpiece
WO2022085649A1 (en) * 2020-10-21 2022-04-28 京セラ株式会社 Cermet insert and cutting tool comprising same

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006111947A (en) * 2004-10-18 2006-04-27 Tungaloy Corp Ultra-fine particle of cermet
JP2016135906A (en) * 2015-01-16 2016-07-28 住友電気工業株式会社 Cermet, cutting tool and manufacturing method of cermet
WO2017179657A1 (en) * 2016-04-13 2017-10-19 京セラ株式会社 Cutting insert and cutting tool
JP2019025559A (en) * 2017-07-27 2019-02-21 京セラ株式会社 Coated tool, cutting tool, and manufacturing method of cutting workpiece
WO2022085649A1 (en) * 2020-10-21 2022-04-28 京セラ株式会社 Cermet insert and cutting tool comprising same

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