WO2023273250A1 - 换热水箱液位测量***及方法、核电厂pcs*** - Google Patents

换热水箱液位测量***及方法、核电厂pcs*** Download PDF

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WO2023273250A1
WO2023273250A1 PCT/CN2021/141619 CN2021141619W WO2023273250A1 WO 2023273250 A1 WO2023273250 A1 WO 2023273250A1 CN 2021141619 W CN2021141619 W CN 2021141619W WO 2023273250 A1 WO2023273250 A1 WO 2023273250A1
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pressure
heat exchange
liquid level
transmitter
exchange tank
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PCT/CN2021/141619
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English (en)
French (fr)
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于蕾
吴萍
李俭秋
郭林
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中国核电工程有限公司
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C17/00—Monitoring; Testing ; Maintaining
    • G21C17/02—Devices or arrangements for monitoring coolant or moderator
    • G21C17/035—Moderator- or coolant-level detecting devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
    • G01F23/14—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measurement of pressure
    • G01F23/18—Indicating, recording or alarm devices actuated electrically
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
    • G21C15/18—Emergency cooling arrangements; Removing shut-down heat
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors

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  • the present invention claims the priority of the Chinese patent application with the application date of June 30, 2021, the application number of CN 202110752083.X, and the title of "system and method for liquid level measurement of heat exchange tank, nuclear power plant PCS system".
  • the invention specifically relates to a liquid level measurement system and method of a water exchange tank, and a PCS system of a nuclear power plant.
  • the passive containment heat extraction system (PCS system) of nuclear power plants is used for the long-term heat removal of the containment of nuclear power plants under accident conditions beyond the design basis, including accidents related to power outages and sprinkler system failures.
  • PCS system passive containment heat extraction system
  • the pressure and temperature of the containment vessel are reduced to an acceptable level to maintain the integrity of the containment vessel.
  • the heat exchange tank in the PCS system is a heat sink for passive waste heat removal on the secondary side and containment heat. It is set outside the containment, is a concrete structure, and is lined with a steel lining. It is designed together with the containment building and is located at an elevation of 50.6 meters. To 55.6 meters.
  • the water content of the heat exchange tank should be able to meet the cooling requirements of the discharge of residual heat from the core and the export of excess heat from the containment within 72 hours after the accident, it is necessary to adopt certain liquid level monitoring means to monitor the liquid level of the water tank in real time and accurately , and when the water tank leaks and the liquid level drops due to various reasons (such as steel lining damage, leakage of connected pipes, etc.), it will be accurately monitored and timely alarmed, so as to ensure the water capacity of the exchange water tank and ensure the correct function of the PCS system accomplish.
  • the heat exchange tank of the PCS system is a closed structure, which can be regarded as an independent room hanging outside the containment vessel, and communicates with the atmosphere through the manhole passage on the top, the U-shaped pipe used for water sealing, and the exhaust pipe above the U-shaped pipe outlet. .
  • the water tank is a steel-lined structure, and the top outer layer is provided with a waterproof layer, so it is not suitable to open holes on the top.
  • there is pressure on the upper part of the liquid level in the water tank and it is used in normal and super-design basis accidents (including serious accidents) working conditions, and the instrument has anti-seismic requirements.
  • the liquid level of the water tank is generally measured by a remote differential pressure transmitter with a double-ended capillary, as shown in Figure 1.
  • the differential pressure transmitter 100 is installed on the top of the water exchange tank 8, and connected to the bottom and top of the water exchange tank 8 through capillary tubes and isolation containers.
  • the double-ended capillary In order not to increase the opening on the top of the heat exchange tank 8, and the capillary cannot pass through the manhole channel, the double-ended capillary must enter the interior of the heat exchange tank 8 along the existing U-shaped pipe 200 and the exhaust pipe 300 above the outlet. .
  • the differential pressure transmitter 100 sends the current liquid level value (corresponding to 4-20mA current signal) to the distributed control system (DCS system 1) for collection, and sends it to the main control room for display.
  • DCS system 1 distributed control system
  • an alarm can be triggered through the low threshold calculation inside the DCS system 1 to remind the power plant operator to check and deal with it accordingly.
  • the instrument needs to be installed at the parapet 400 position about 5m away from the outlet of the U-shaped pipe 200, and considering that the height of the water tank is 5m, the capillary The length is selected as 15m more appropriate. Due to the long distance of remote transmission, the accuracy of the instrument is about 7% at this time, and the accuracy is poor, which is very unfavorable for measurement and timely alarm. In addition, the laying path of the capillary used is long, and it needs to go along the U-shaped pipe 200. During the installation process, it is easy to cause damage to the capillary due to dragging, traction, etc. Replacement also all has bigger difficulty.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a water exchange tank liquid level measurement system with improved detection accuracy for the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, and also provide a nuclear power plant PCS system with the liquid level measurement system accordingly. And a method for measuring the liquid level of the exchange water tank by using the system.
  • the invention provides a liquid level measurement system for a heat exchange tank, comprising: a first pressure detection instrument, a first transmitter, a second pressure detection instrument, a second transmitter and a DCS system;
  • the first pressure detection instrument is arranged on the water outlet pipe at the bottom of the heat exchange tank, and is electrically connected to the first transmitter for detecting the water pressure at the bottom of the heat exchange tank and transmitting the detected first pressure signal to the The first transmitter, the first transmitter is used to convert the first pressure signal into a first current signal,
  • the second pressure detection instrument is set on the manhole channel on the top of the heat exchange tank, and is electrically connected to the second transmitter, used to detect the water pressure on the top of the heat exchange tank, and transmit the detected second pressure signal to the second transmitter for converting a second pressure signal into a second current signal,
  • the DCS system is electrically connected to both the first transmitter and the second transmitter, and is used to collect the first current signal and the second current signal, and convert the two into digital signals to calculate the pressure difference, and according to the
  • the liquid level in the exchange water tank is calculated by the logical formula of the liquid level and pressure difference stored in the internal storage.
  • the logical formula of the liquid level and pressure difference is:
  • ⁇ P is the pressure difference between the bottom and top of the liquid level in the heat exchange tank
  • ⁇ is the density of the medium in the heat exchange tank
  • g is the acceleration of gravity
  • the first pressure detection instrument and the first transmitter are integrated to form a first integrated absolute pressure transmitter.
  • the first integrated absolute pressure transmitter is arranged on a first pressure-taking pipe, and the first pressure-taking pipe communicates with the outlet pipe at the bottom of the heat exchange tank through the first pressure-taking nozzle .
  • the second pressure detection instrument and the second transmitter are integrated to form a second integrated absolute pressure transmitter.
  • the second integrated absolute pressure transmitter is arranged on a second pressure-taking pipe, and the second pressure-taking pipe is connected to the manhole channel on the top of the heat exchange tank through a second pressure-taking nozzle Pass.
  • the present invention also provides a PCS system of a nuclear power plant, including a heat exchange tank, and the above-mentioned liquid level measurement system of the heat exchange tank.
  • the present invention also provides a method for measuring the liquid level of the heat exchange tank by using the above-mentioned system, which includes the following steps:
  • the first pressure detection instrument detects the water pressure at the bottom of the heat exchange tank and transmits the detected first pressure signal to the first transmitter, and the first transmitter converts the first pressure signal into a first current signal,
  • the second pressure detection instrument detects the water pressure at the top of the heat exchange tank, and transmits the detected second pressure signal to the second transmitter, and the second transmitter converts the second pressure signal into a first pressure signal.
  • the DCS system collects the first current signal and the second current signal, converts them into digital signals and calculates the pressure difference, and calculates the temperature of the heat exchange tank according to the logic formula of the liquid level and pressure difference stored in it. liquid level inside.
  • the DCS system When the calculated liquid level in the exchange water tank is lower than the set threshold, the DCS system prompts a low threshold alarm.
  • the logical formula of the liquid level and pressure difference is:
  • ⁇ P is the pressure difference between the bottom and top of the liquid level in the heat exchange tank
  • ⁇ is the density of the medium in the heat exchange tank
  • g is the acceleration of gravity
  • pressure detection instruments are respectively arranged on the water outlet pipe and the manhole channel (water inlet) of the heat exchange tank to respectively detect the water pressure at the bottom and top of the medium in the heat exchange tank, and then according to the liquid level and pressure difference
  • the liquid level of the medium in the heat exchange tank can be calculated by the logical formula, thereby avoiding the problem of poor instrument accuracy caused by long-distance capillary transmission, and greatly reducing the risk of installation and the difficulty of maintenance and detection.
  • the present invention also monitors the upper pressure of the liquid level of the water tank, avoiding the error caused when the pressure on the low-pressure side is different from the atmospheric pressure.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a liquid level measurement system for a water exchange tank provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a liquid level measurement system for a water exchange tank provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be fixed connection or It can be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary, and it can be the internal communication of two components.
  • connection can be fixed connection or It can be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary, and it can be the internal communication of two components.
  • connection can be fixed connection or It can be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary, and it can be the internal communication of two components.
  • the invention provides a liquid level measurement system for a heat exchange tank, comprising: a first pressure detection instrument, a first transmitter, a second pressure detection instrument, a second transmitter and a DCS system;
  • the first pressure detection instrument is arranged on the water outlet pipe at the bottom of the heat exchange tank, and is electrically connected to the first transmitter for detecting the water pressure at the bottom of the heat exchange tank and transmitting the detected first pressure signal to the The first transmitter, the first transmitter is used to convert the first pressure signal into a first current signal,
  • the second pressure detection instrument is set on the manhole channel on the top of the heat exchange tank, and is electrically connected to the second transmitter, used to detect the water pressure on the top of the heat exchange tank, and transmit the detected second pressure signal to the second transmitter for converting a second pressure signal into a second current signal,
  • the DCS system is electrically connected to both the first transmitter and the second transmitter, and is used to collect the first current signal and the second current signal, and convert the two into digital signals to calculate the pressure difference, and according to the
  • the liquid level in the exchange water tank is calculated by the logical formula of the liquid level and pressure difference stored in the internal storage.
  • the present invention also provides a PCS system of a nuclear power plant, including a heat exchange tank, and the above-mentioned liquid level measurement system of the heat exchange tank.
  • the present invention also provides a method for measuring the liquid level of the heat exchange tank by using the above-mentioned system, which includes the following steps:
  • the first pressure detection instrument detects the water pressure at the bottom of the heat exchange tank and transmits the detected first pressure signal to the first transmitter, and the first transmitter converts the first pressure signal into a first current signal,
  • the second pressure detection instrument detects the water pressure at the top of the heat exchange tank, and transmits the detected second pressure signal to the second transmitter, and the second transmitter converts the second pressure signal into a first pressure signal.
  • the DCS system collects the first current signal and the second current signal, converts them into digital signals and calculates the pressure difference, and calculates the temperature of the heat exchange tank according to the logic formula of the liquid level and pressure difference stored in it. liquid level inside.
  • this embodiment provides a liquid level measurement system for a heat exchange tank, including: a first pressure detection instrument, a first transmitter, a second pressure detection instrument, a second transmitter and a DCS system 1;
  • the first pressure detection instrument is arranged on the water outlet pipe 5 at the bottom of the heat exchange tank 8, and is electrically connected with the first transmitter for detecting the water pressure at the bottom of the heat exchange tank 8 and transmitting the detected first pressure signal to a first transmitter, the first transmitter is used to convert the first pressure signal into a first current signal,
  • the second pressure detection instrument is arranged on the manhole channel 7 at the top of the water exchange tank 8, and is electrically connected with the second transmitter, and is used to detect the water pressure at the top of the water exchange tank 8, and transmits the detected second pressure signal passed to the second transmitter, the second transmitter is used to convert the second pressure signal into a second current signal,
  • the DCS system 1 is electrically connected to the first transmitter and the second transmitter, and is used to collect the first current signal and the second current signal, and convert the two into digital signals to calculate the pressure difference, and according to the internal
  • the stored liquid level and the logic formula of the pressure difference are used to calculate the liquid level in the exchange water tank 8 .
  • the present invention also monitors the upper pressure of the liquid level of the water tank, avoiding the error caused when the pressure on the low-pressure side is different from the atmospheric pressure.
  • the first pressure detection instrument and the first transmitter are integrated to form the first integrated absolute pressure transmitter 2
  • the second pressure detection instrument and the second transmitter are integrated to form the second integrated absolute pressure transmitter.
  • Transmitter 3 to meet the seismic requirements.
  • the measurement accuracy of the instrument is about 0.8%.
  • the instrument adopts panel installation, the identification level is K3, and the protection level is IP67.
  • the first integrated absolute pressure transmitter 2 is set on a first pressure-taking pipe 4, and the first pressure-taking pipe 4 passes through the mouth of the first pressure-taking pipe 4 and the outlet pipe 5 at the bottom of the heat exchange tank. connected.
  • the second integrated absolute pressure transmitter 3 is installed on a second pressure-taking pipe 6, and the second pressure-taking pipe 6 passes through the mouth of the second pressure-taking pipe 6 and the manhole channel on the top of the heat exchange tank. 7 connected.
  • the liquid level measurement system of the heat exchange tank of the present invention mainly includes two parts, the configuration of the pressure detection instrument and the transmitter, and the internal calculation and processing system of the DCS.
  • the PCS system measures the liquid level of the water exchange tank. Two pressure detection instruments and transmitters are used to measure the upper pressure and bottom pressure of the liquid level in the water tank respectively, and then the liquid level value of the water tank is obtained through the calculation logic preset in the DCS.
  • a pressure-taking nozzle On the manhole channel on the top of the water tank and on the vertical pipeline of the water outlet at the bottom of the water tank, a pressure-taking nozzle is set at a distance of 500mm from the bottom of the water tank.
  • the direction of the pressure-taking nozzle at the manhole pipeline faces the parapet.
  • the above two pressure signals pass through the transmitter, and the sensed pressure signal is converted into a standard 4-20mA current signal under the action of the DCS query voltage, and sent to the DCS through the measurement cable for acquisition and subsequent calculation.
  • the DCS calculates the liquid level value in the water tank through the preset liquid level calculation formula, and completes the real-time detection of the liquid level.
  • the automatic logic calculation is performed under the condition of collecting two pressure values, and the liquid level value in the water tank with high accuracy can be quickly obtained.
  • This value can be sent to the main control room screen and backup panel for display through the network and hard wiring, so as to realize real-time monitoring of the water tank level.
  • an alarm can be triggered when the liquid level drops to a certain value, and a corresponding sound and light prompt will be generated in the main control room to remind the power plant operators to deal with it accordingly .
  • the detection instrument and transmitter use an integrated absolute pressure transmitter, because the upper pressure of the liquid level in the water tank is closer to the atmospheric pressure, and the absolute pressure transmitter can measure this part of the pressure more accurately.
  • the integral transmitter does not require external power supply.
  • the internal calculation period of DCS is 500ms, and the calculation error is negligible, which can meet the timely and accurate calculation requirements.
  • the accuracy of the absolute pressure transmitter is about 0.8%, and the instrument is mature and reliable.
  • the liquid level measurement system of the heat exchange tank of the present invention can accurately and real-time monitor the liquid level of the water exchange tank of the PCS system of the nuclear power plant, and trigger an alarm in time when the liquid level is low, so as to avoid that the cooling function of the heat exchange tank of the PCS system cannot be satisfied. Require. It has the advantages of high measurement and display accuracy, fast response time, timely leakage alarm, convenient installation, and low cost, which reduces the difficulty of subsequent maintenance, instrument replacement, and calibration.
  • the alarm can be triggered in time through the preset logic to reduce the risk caused by unknown water tank leakage.
  • This embodiment provides a PCS system of a nuclear power plant, which includes a heat exchange tank 8 and the liquid level measurement system of the heat exchange tank in Embodiment 1.
  • This embodiment provides a method for measuring the liquid level of the heat exchange tank using the system of Embodiment 1, including the following steps:
  • the first pressure detection instrument detects the water pressure at the bottom of the heat exchange tank and transmits the detected first pressure signal to the first transmitter, and the first transmitter converts the first pressure signal into a first current signal,
  • the second pressure detection instrument detects the water pressure at the top of the heat exchange tank, and transmits the detected second pressure signal to the second transmitter, and the second transmitter converts the second pressure signal into a second current signal,
  • DCS system 1 collects the first current signal and the second current signal, and converts them into digital signals to calculate the pressure difference, and according to the logic formula of the liquid level and pressure difference stored in it, calculates the pressure difference in the heat exchange tank. the liquid level.
  • the DCS system 1 When the calculated liquid level in the exchange water tank is lower than the set threshold, the DCS system 1 prompts a low threshold alarm.
  • the method for measuring the liquid level of the exchange water tank of the PCS system of the nuclear power plant is used to solve the problems of poor measurement accuracy and inaccurate alarm in the existing design, and can reduce the difficulty of installation and maintenance at the same time.

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Abstract

一种换热水箱液位测量***及方法、核电厂PCS***，液位测量***的第一压力检测仪表设于换热水箱（8）底部的出水管道（5）上，用于检测换热水箱（8）底部的水压，液位测量***的第二压力检测仪表设于换热水箱（8）顶部的人孔通道（7）上，用于检测换热水箱（8）顶部的水压，液位测量***的DCS***（1）用于计算压力差，且根据其内存储的液位和压力差的逻辑公式，计算得出换热水箱（8）内的液位，从而避免了长距离毛细管传输带来的仪表精度差的问题，且安装的风险和维修检测的难度大大降低。

Description

换热水箱液位测量***及方法、核电厂PCS***
本发明要求申请日为2021年06月30日、申请号为CN 202110752083.X、名称为“换热水箱液位测量***及方法、核电厂PCS***”的中国专利申请的优先权。
技术领域
本发明具体涉及一种换热水箱液位测量***及方法、核电厂PCS***。
背景技术
核电厂的非能动安全壳热量导出***(PCS***)用于在超设计基准事故工况下核电厂的安全壳的长期排热，包括与全厂断电、喷淋***故障相关的事故。在电站发生超设计基准事故(包括严重事故)时，将安全壳压力和温度降低至可以接受的水平，保持安全壳完整性。
PCS***中的换热水箱是二次侧非能动余热排除和安全壳热量的热阱，其设置于安全壳外，是混凝土结构，内衬钢衬里，与安全壳厂房一起设计，位于标高50.6米至55.6米处。由于换热水箱的水装量应能满足事故后72小时堆芯余热排出和安全壳多余热量导出的冷却要求，因此需采取一定的液位监测手段，对于水箱的液位进行实时、准确的监视，并在由于各种原因(如钢衬里破损、相连管道泄漏等)导致水箱泄漏、液位下降时予以准确监测和及时报警，从而确保换热水箱的水装量，进而保证PCS***功能的正确实现。
综上所述，准确及时的对换热水箱的液位进行监测及报警是具有重要意义的。
PCS***的换热水箱为封闭结构，可看作挂在安全壳外一独立房间，通过顶部的人孔通道以及用于水封的U型管和U型管出 口上方的排气管道与大气连通。水箱为钢衬里结构，并且顶部外层设置有防水层，不宜在顶部开孔。此外，水箱内液位上部有压力，且用于正常和超设计基准事故(包括严重事故)工况，仪表有抗震要求。
基于上述原因，水箱液位一般采用双端毛细管的远传式差压变送器进行液位测量，如图1所示。差压变送器100安装在换热水箱8的顶部，通过毛细管和隔离容器接至换热水箱8的底部和顶部。为了不增加换热水箱8顶部开孔，并且毛细管不能穿人孔通道，故双端毛细管均需沿着已有的U型管道200及其出口上方的排气管道300进到换热水箱8内部。差压变送器100将当前液位值(对应4-20mA电流信号)并送至分布式控制***(DCS***1)进行采集，并送在主控室进行显示。当监测到的液位下降到一定高度时，通过DCS***1内部的低阈值计算，可触发报警，提醒电厂运行人员检查并进行相应处理。
根据该种仪表的测量原理和配置方式，并且为了不影响水箱顶部的走廊平台的空间，仪表需要安装在距离U型管道200出口5m左右的女儿墙400位置，再考虑水箱高度为5m，故毛细管长度选为15m较为适宜。由于远传距离较长，此时仪表的精度在7％左右，精度差，对测量和及时报警都非常不利。此外，使用的毛细管的敷设路径较长，且还需沿着U型管道200进行走向，在安装过程中较易因为拖拽、牵引等原因对毛细管造成损坏，后续对毛细管以及隔离容器的检修、更换也均有较大难度。
上述这些原因，不利于水箱液位的监视以及报警水位的确定，影响对水箱泄漏的及时监测和报警。若监测或报警不及时甚至失效，严重时会导致换热水箱水装量不满足使用要求甚至某个换热水箱丧失，相关***的排热功能不能完成。
在一般民用工程项目上，大型水箱的液位监测可以使用这种方式，理由是监测与报警准确性要求不高，水箱的作用也不需应对出现的超设计基准事故。但是对于三代核电厂的PCS***，其是作为重要的非能动事故缓解***，换热水箱又是该***的主设 备，作用至关重要，故需要设计一种及时可靠的精度较高的水箱液位测量装置来满足监测要求。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对现有技术中存在的上述不足，提供一种提高检测精度的换热水箱液位测量***，还相应提供一种具有该液位测量***的核电厂PCS***，以及利用该***进行换热水箱液位测量的方法。
解决本发明技术问题所采用的技术方案是：
本发明提供一种换热水箱液位测量***，包括：第一压力检测仪表、第一变送器、第二压力检测仪表、第二变送器和DCS***；
所述第一压力检测仪表设于换热水箱底部的出水管道上，且与第一变送器电连接，用于检测换热水箱底部的水压并将检测到的第一压力信号传递给所述第一变送器，所述第一变送器用于将第一压力信号转换为第一电流信号，
所述第二压力检测仪表设于换热水箱顶部的人孔通道上，且与第二变送器电连接，用于检测换热水箱顶部的水压，并将检测到的第二压力信号传递给所述第二变送器，所述第二变送器用于将第二压力信号转换为第二电流信号，
所述DCS***与第一变送器和第二变送器均电连接，用于采集第一电流信号和第二电流信号，并将二者转换为数字信号后计算得到压力差，且根据其内存储的液位和压力差的逻辑公式，计算得出换热水箱内的液位。
可选地，所述液位和压力差的逻辑公式为：
Figure PCTCN2021141619-appb-000001
其中：
ΔP为换热水箱内液位的底部和顶部的压力差；
ρ为换热水箱内介质的密度，g为重力加速度。
可选地，所述第一压力检测仪表和第一变送器集成形成第一一体式绝对压力变送器。
可选地，所述第一一体式绝对压力变送器设于一第一取压管上，所述第一取压管通过第一取压管嘴与换热水箱底部的出水管道相连通。
可选地，所述第二压力检测仪表和第二变送器集成形成第二一体式绝对压力变送器。
可选地，所述第二一体式绝对压力变送器设于一第二取压管上，所述第二取压管通过第二取压管嘴与换热水箱顶部的人孔通道相连通。
本发明还提供一种核电厂PCS***，包括换热水箱，以及上述的换热水箱液位测量***。
本发明还提供一种利用上述的***进行换热水箱液位测量的方法，包括以下步骤：
所述第一压力检测仪表检测换热水箱底部的水压并将检测到的第一压力信号传递给所述第一变送器，所述第一变送器将第一压力信号转换为第一电流信号，
所述第二压力检测仪表检测换热水箱顶部的水压，并将检测到的第二压力信号传递给所述第二变送器，所述第二变送器将第二压力信号转换为第二电流信号，
所述DCS***采集第一电流信号和第二电流信号，并将二者转换为数字信号后计算得到压力差，且根据其内存储的液位和压力差的逻辑公式，计算得出换热水箱内的液位。
可选地，还包括：
当计算得出的换热水箱内的液位低于设定阈值时，所述DCS***提示低阈值报警。
可选地，所述液位和压力差的逻辑公式为：
Figure PCTCN2021141619-appb-000002
其中：
ΔP为换热水箱内液位的底部和顶部的压力差；
ρ为换热水箱内介质的密度，g为重力加速度。
本发明中，通过分别在换热水箱的出水管和人孔通道(进水)上设置压力检测仪表，以分别检测换热水箱内介质底部和顶部的水压，再根据液位和压力差的逻辑公式即可计算得到换热水箱内介质的液位，从而避免了长距离毛细管传输带来的仪表精度差的问题，且安装的风险和维修检测的难度大大降低。并且本发明对水箱液位上部压力也进行监测，避免了低压侧压力与大气压不同时带来的误差。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1提供的换热水箱液位测量***的结构示意图；
图2为本发明实施例1提供的换热水箱液位测量***的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明中的附图，对发明中的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明的范围。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，属于“上”等指示方位或位置关系是基于附图所示的方位或者位置关系，仅是为了便于和简化描述，而并不是指示或者暗示所指的装置或者元件必须设有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
在本发明的描述中，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或者暗示相对重要性。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“连接”、“设置”、“安装”、“固定”等应做广义理解，例如可以是固定连接也可以是可拆卸地连接，或者一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以是通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
本发明提供一种换热水箱液位测量***，包括：第一压力检测仪表、第一变送器、第二压力检测仪表、第二变送器和DCS***；
所述第一压力检测仪表设于换热水箱底部的出水管道上，且与第一变送器电连接，用于检测换热水箱底部的水压并将检测到的第一压力信号传递给所述第一变送器，所述第一变送器用于将第一压力信号转换为第一电流信号，
所述第二压力检测仪表设于换热水箱顶部的人孔通道上，且与第二变送器电连接，用于检测换热水箱顶部的水压，并将检测到的第二压力信号传递给所述第二变送器，所述第二变送器用于将第二压力信号转换为第二电流信号，
所述DCS***与第一变送器和第二变送器均电连接，用于采集第一电流信号和第二电流信号，并将二者转换为数字信号后计算得到压力差，且根据其内存储的液位和压力差的逻辑公式，计算得出换热水箱内的液位。
本发明还提供一种核电厂PCS***，包括换热水箱，以及上述的换热水箱液位测量***。
本发明还提供一种利用上述的***进行换热水箱液位测量的方法，包括以下步骤：
所述第一压力检测仪表检测换热水箱底部的水压并将检测到的第一压力信号传递给所述第一变送器，所述第一变送器将第一压力信号转换为第一电流信号，
所述第二压力检测仪表检测换热水箱顶部的水压，并将检测到的第二压力信号传递给所述第二变送器，所述第二变送器将第 二压力信号转换为第二电流信号，
所述DCS***采集第一电流信号和第二电流信号，并将二者转换为数字信号后计算得到压力差，且根据其内存储的液位和压力差的逻辑公式，计算得出换热水箱内的液位。
实施例1：
如图2所示，本实施例提供一种换热水箱液位测量***，包括：第一压力检测仪表、第一变送器、第二压力检测仪表、第二变送器和DCS***1；
第一压力检测仪表设于换热水箱8底部的出水管道5上，且与第一变送器电连接，用于检测换热水箱8底部的水压并将检测到的第一压力信号传递给第一变送器，第一变送器用于将第一压力信号转换为第一电流信号，
第二压力检测仪表设于换热水箱8顶部的人孔通道7上，且与第二变送器电连接，用于检测换热水箱8顶部的水压，并将检测到的第二压力信号传递给第二变送器，第二变送器用于将第二压力信号转换为第二电流信号，
DCS***1与第一变送器和第二变送器均电连接，用于采集第一电流信号和第二电流信号，并将二者转换为数字信号后计算得到压力差，且根据其内存储的液位和压力差的逻辑公式，计算得出换热水箱8内的液位。
由此，通过分别在换热水箱8的出水管道5和人孔通道7(进水)上设置压力检测仪表，以分别检测换热水箱内介质底部和顶部的水压，再根据液位和压力差的逻辑公式即可计算得到换热水箱8内介质的液位，从而避免了长距离毛细管传输带来的仪表精度差的问题，且安装的风险和维修检测的难度大大降低。并且本发明对水箱液位上部压力也进行监测，避免了低压侧压力与大气压不同时带来的误差。
本实施例中，第一压力检测仪表和第一变送器集成形成第一一体式绝对压力变送器2，第二压力检测仪表和第二变送器集成形 成第二一体式绝对压力变送器3，以满足抗震要求。仪表测量精度在0.8％左右。
仪表采用板式安装，鉴定等级为K3，防护等级为IP67。
本实施例中，第一一体式绝对压力变送器2设于一第一取压管4上，第一取压管4通过第一取压管4嘴与换热水箱底部的出水管道5相连通。
本实施例中，第二一体式绝对压力变送器3设于一第二取压管6上，第二取压管6通过第二取压管6嘴与换热水箱顶部的人孔通道7相连通。
上述本发明的换热水箱液位测量***，主要包括压力检测仪表和变送器的配置以及DCS内部计算处理***两个部分。
PCS***换热水箱液位测量，使用两块压力检测仪表和变送器分别测量水箱内液位上部压力和底部压力，再通过DCS内部预设的计算逻辑得出水箱的液位值。
在水箱顶部的人孔通道上和在水箱底部出水的竖直管道上、距离水箱底部500mm处设置取压管嘴，人孔管道处的取压管嘴方向朝向女儿墙。通过引压管等连接压力检测仪表，用压力检测仪表监测水箱内液位的上部压力MN1和水箱内液位的底部压力MN2。
上述两个压力信号经过变送器，将感知到的压力信号在DCS查询电压的作用下转换成标准4-20mA电流信号，通过测量电缆送入DCS进行采集和后续运算。DCS通过预设的液位计算公式计算得出水箱内的液位值，完成对液位的实时检测。
DCS内部计算处理模块，根据液位与压力差的公式，在DCS内部预设计算逻辑：
Figure PCTCN2021141619-appb-000003
其中：
ΔP为水箱内液位的底部上上部的压力差，即ΔP＝MN2-MN1；ρ为水箱内介质密度，基于PCS***换热水箱的环境条件，ρ＝ 0.997kg/m 3；
g为重力加速度，g＝9.8m/s 2；
根据上述预设的计算逻辑，在采集了两个压力值的条件下进行自动逻辑计算，可迅速得到准确度高的水箱内液位值。该值可通过网络和硬接线送到主控室画面和后备盘进行显示，从而实现对水箱液位的实时监测。
当水箱中的实际液位变化时，MN1和MN2的值也将随之产生变化，从而计算得到的液位值也将发生改变。
进一步，在计算得到的液位值的基础上，通过DCS内部进行阈值计算，可在液位下降到一定值时触发报警，并在主控室产生相应声光提示，提醒电厂运行人员进行相应处理。
检测仪表和变送器选用一体式绝对压力变送器，这是由于水箱内液位的上部压力与大气压较为接近，用绝对压力变送器可以更准确的测量该部分压力。
一体式变送器不需要外供电。
DCS内部计算周期为500ms，计算误差可忽略不计，可满足及时、准确的计算要求。
另外，绝对压力变送器精度在0.8％左右，仪表成熟可靠。
由此，本发明的换热水箱液位测量***，能够准确实时的监测核电站PCS***换热水箱的液位，并在液位低时及时触发报警，避免PCS***换热水箱的冷却功能不能满足要求。其具有测量和显示精度高，响应时间快，泄漏报警及时，并且安装方便，成本低的优点，降低了后续维修、仪表更换、校准的难度。
综上，本发明的有益技术效果在于：
(1)测量精度高，并且对水箱液位上部压力也进行监测，避免了低压侧压力与大气压不同时带来的误差。
(2)DCS内部计算迅速、准确，故可准确可靠的对换热水箱液位进行监视。
(3)在(2)的基础上，通过预置逻辑可及时触发报警，降低未知的水箱泄漏引发的风险。
(4)使用的仪表易维护，并且成熟可靠。
(5)避免了长距离毛细管安装的风险和维修检测的难度。
实施例2：
本实施例提供一种核电厂PCS***，包括换热水箱8，以及实施例1的换热水箱液位测量***。
实施例3：
本实施例提供一种利用实施例1的***进行换热水箱液位测量的方法，包括以下步骤：
第一压力检测仪表检测换热水箱底部的水压并将检测到的第一压力信号传递给第一变送器，第一变送器将第一压力信号转换为第一电流信号，
第二压力检测仪表检测换热水箱顶部的水压，并将检测到的第二压力信号传递给第二变送器，第二变送器将第二压力信号转换为第二电流信号，
DCS***1采集第一电流信号和第二电流信号，并将二者转换为数字信号后计算得到压力差，且根据其内存储的液位和压力差的逻辑公式，计算得出换热水箱内的液位。
当计算得出的换热水箱内的液位低于设定阈值时，DCS***1提示低阈值报警。
本发明的核电厂PCS***换热水箱液位测量方法，用以解决现有设计中测量精度差、报警不准确的问题，同时可降低对于安装、检修的难度。
可以理解的是，以上实施方式仅仅是为了说明本发明的原理而采用的示例性实施方式，然而本发明并不局限于此。对于本领域内的普通技术人员而言，在不脱离本发明的精神和实质的情况下，可以做出各种变型和改进，这些变型和改进也视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种换热水箱液位测量***，其特征在于，包括：第一压力检测仪表、第一变送器、第二压力检测仪表、第二变送器和DCS***(1)；
    所述第一压力检测仪表设于换热水箱(8)底部的出水管道(5)上，且与第一变送器电连接，用于检测换热水箱(8)底部的水压并将检测到的第一压力信号传递给所述第一变送器，所述第一变送器用于将第一压力信号转换为第一电流信号，
    所述第二压力检测仪表设于换热水箱(8)顶部的人孔通道(7)上，且与第二变送器电连接，用于检测换热水箱(8)顶部的水压，并将检测到的第二压力信号传递给所述第二变送器，所述第二变送器用于将第二压力信号转换为第二电流信号，
    所述DCS***(1)与第一变送器和第二变送器均电连接，用于采集第一电流信号和第二电流信号，并将二者转换为数字信号后计算得到压力差，且根据其内存储的液位和压力差的逻辑公式，计算得出换热水箱(8)内的液位。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的换热水箱液位测量***，其特征在于，所述液位和压力差的逻辑公式为：
    Figure PCTCN2021141619-appb-100001
    其中：
    ΔP为换热水箱(8)内液位的底部和顶部的压力差；
    ρ为换热水箱(8)内介质的密度，g为重力加速度。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的换热水箱液位测量***，其特征在于，所述第一压力检测仪表和第一变送器集成形成第一一体式绝对压力变送器(2)。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的换热水箱液位测量***，其特征在于，所述第一一体式绝对压力变送器(2)设于一第一取压管(4)上，所述第一取压管(4)通过第一取压管(4)嘴与换热水箱底部的出水管道(5)相连通。
  5. 根据权利要求1或2所述的换热水箱液位测量***，其特征在于，所述第二压力检测仪表和第二变送器集成形成第二一体式绝对压力变送器(3)。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的换热水箱液位测量***，其特征在于，所述第二一体式绝对压力变送器(3)设于一第二取压管(6)上，所述第二取压管(6)通过第二取压管(6)嘴与换热水箱顶部的人孔通道(7)相连通。
  7. 一种核电厂PCS***，其特征在于，包括换热水箱(8)，以及如权利要求1-6任一项所述的换热水箱液位测量***。
  8. 一种利用如权利要求1-6任一项所述的***进行换热水箱液位测量的方法，包括以下步骤：
    所述第一压力检测仪表检测换热水箱底部的水压并将检测到的第一压力信号传递给所述第一变送器，所述第一变送器将第一压力信号转换为第一电流信号，
    所述第二压力检测仪表检测换热水箱顶部的水压，并将检测到的第二压力信号传递给所述第二变送器，所述第二变送器将第二压力信号转换为第二电流信号，
    所述DCS***(1)采集第一电流信号和第二电流信号，并将二者转换为数字信号后计算得到压力差，且根据其内存储的液位和压力差的逻辑公式，计算得出换热水箱内的液位。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的换热水箱液位测量方法，其特征在 于，还包括：
    当计算得出的换热水箱内的液位低于设定阈值时，所述DCS***(1)提示低阈值报警。
  10. 根据权利要求8或9所述的换热水箱液位测量方法，其特征在于，所述液位和压力差的逻辑公式为：
    Figure PCTCN2021141619-appb-100002
    其中：
    ΔP为换热水箱内液位的底部和顶部的压力差；
    ρ为换热水箱内介质的密度，g为重力加速度。
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