WO2023247479A1 - Device for producing a wall by spraying a mixture comprising one or more geosourced and/or biosourced materials - Google Patents

Device for producing a wall by spraying a mixture comprising one or more geosourced and/or biosourced materials Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023247479A1
WO2023247479A1 PCT/EP2023/066545 EP2023066545W WO2023247479A1 WO 2023247479 A1 WO2023247479 A1 WO 2023247479A1 EP 2023066545 W EP2023066545 W EP 2023066545W WO 2023247479 A1 WO2023247479 A1 WO 2023247479A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
crosspiece
uprights
wall
hole
upright
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2023/066545
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Frédéric KERNEIS
Joseph CABON
Original Assignee
Saint-Gobain Distribution Bâtiment France S.A.S
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saint-Gobain Distribution Bâtiment France S.A.S filed Critical Saint-Gobain Distribution Bâtiment France S.A.S
Publication of WO2023247479A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023247479A1/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/7654—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only comprising an insulating layer, disposed between two longitudinal supporting elements, e.g. to insulate ceilings
    • E04B1/7658—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only comprising an insulating layer, disposed between two longitudinal supporting elements, e.g. to insulate ceilings comprising fiber insulation, e.g. as panels or loose filled fibres
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
    • E04B2/842—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ by projecting or otherwise applying hardenable masses to the exterior of a form leaf
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
    • E04B2/842—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ by projecting or otherwise applying hardenable masses to the exterior of a form leaf
    • E04B2/845—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ by projecting or otherwise applying hardenable masses to the exterior of a form leaf the form leaf comprising a wire netting, lattice or the like
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B2001/742—Use of special materials; Materials having special structures or shape
    • E04B2001/746—Recycled materials, e.g. made of used tires, bumpers or newspapers

Definitions

  • the present invention belongs to the general field of wall construction. It relates more particularly to a device for constructing a wall by spraying a mixture comprising one or more geosourced and/or biosourced materials, as well as an assembly kit for such a device and an assembly method. partner. It also relates to a method of constructing a wall which can be implemented by said device.
  • the invention finds a particularly advantageous application, although in no way limiting, in the case of the construction of earthen walls of a building, such as for example a dwelling.
  • geosourced material reference is made here to a material derived from resources of mineral origin. For example, it may be excavated earth and/or earthworks, or even dry stone.
  • biomass material reference is made here to a material partially or totally derived from biomass.
  • biomass can be wood (lumber and related products), hemp, rapeseed, miscanthus, rice husk, straw, flax shives, cork, corn cob , reed, sheep's wool, etc.
  • wall surface we refer here to a surface formed of one or more layers, including in particular a layer of hard material, such as for example an OSB wooden panel (“Oriented Strand Board” in English), covered on a of its faces of a coating in contact with the external environment, the other face being separated from an insulating material by an air blade.
  • OSB wooden panel Oriented Strand Board
  • a large part of these techniques are based on fixing a wooden frame to the wall surface, on the side of the insulating material.
  • This framework is configured so as to delimit one or more compartments formed by at least two uprights belonging to said framework (a compartment can also be delimited vertically by a lower crossbar and/or an upper crossbar).
  • wooden boards generally in the form of slats, are fixed horizontally to the uprights of the compartments at the level of their front faces, taking care to leave gaps between each of said slats.
  • the mixture is placed in the formwork by projection between the gaps separating the slats, for example manually or by mechanized means to save time.
  • one or more other layers are still applied to the wall thus erected.
  • the slats form obstacles to the projection of the mixture when filling the formwork, more particularly when mechanized means are used.
  • the projected mixture therefore has difficulty filling the space behind the slats, which can cause mechanical weakness in the wall and requires a significant number of passes to be made during the projection stage.
  • Manual projection of the mixture can make it possible to circumvent this difficulty, at the cost, however, of a particularly long and tedious implementation here again.
  • the present invention aims to remedy all or part of the drawbacks of the prior art, in particular those set out above, by proposing a solution which makes it possible to construct a wall by spraying a mixture comprising one or more geosourced and/or biosourced materials, in a particularly easy manner (i.e. few operations) and very effective compared to the solutions of the prior art.
  • the solution proposed by the invention makes it possible to considerably reduce the number of passages (in the same place) during the projection stage of the mixture, while guaranteeing mechanical cohesion not only of the wall as such (the mixture does not creep under its own weight) but also of the wall structure in its entirety (wall surface, wooden frame, projected mixture).
  • the solution proposed by the invention also makes it possible to prevent the erected wall from having local absences of material, so that it presents very great solidity while offering excellent thermal and acoustic performances.
  • the invention relates to a device for constructing a wall by spraying a mixture comprising one or more geosourced and/or biosourced materials, for example an earthen wall, including:
  • At least one crosspiece inserted in a hole in each of the two uprights. Furthermore, at least one hole into which said at least one crosspiece is inserted is a through hole through which said at least one crosspiece is capable of sliding.
  • the device according to the invention is therefore configured so that said at least one crosspiece can slide through the through hole in which it is inserted.
  • it is possible to adjust the position of the upright in which said at least one through hole is made, by sliding it horizontally along said at least one crosspiece.
  • Such arrangements are particularly advantageous in that they make it possible to adjust the distance between the two uprights of the device, which makes it possible to obtain a device perfectly adapted to the width of a compartment in which it is intended to be fixed.
  • the device according to the invention is also simple to manufacture: it requires few elements and does not require any complex arrangement/mechanism.
  • the assembly of the different elements between (uprights, crosspieces) is also easy.
  • the configuration of the device allows it, when it is fixedly arranged in a compartment (i.e. the device is in fixed/tight mechanical connection with the compartment), to ensure continuity between the wall and the wooden frame. This results in maintenance (and therefore mechanical cohesion) of the wall structure in its entirety (wall surface, wooden frame, projected mixture).
  • the sleeper(s) also play an advantageous role in that they prevent the mixture projected to form the wall from creeping under its own weight.
  • Another particularly advantageous aspect of the configuration of the device, and more particularly of the presence of the crosspieces between the uprights, is that according to which the number of passages (in the same place) during the stage of projection of the mixture is considerably decreases. Indeed, unlike state-of-the-art solutions, the crosspieces do not form direct obstacles to the projection of the mixture to the extent that they are not fixed to the front faces of the wooden frame. In other words, the projected mixture is exploited with much better efficiency.
  • the device according to the invention also makes it possible, because it is intended to support the wall surface in the bottom of the compartment via its uprights, to maintain the part of the wall surface with which it is in contact , such as for example an assembly of a vapor barrier and an insulating layer.
  • the device for constructing a wall by spraying a mixture comprising one or more geosourced and/or biosourced materials may also include one or more of the following characteristics, taken in isolation or according to all technically possible combinations.
  • each upright has a plurality of holes distributed along the length of its perforated face, the holes in one of the two uprights all opening out, the holes in the other upright being all blind or all through holes, the device comprising a plurality of crosspieces respectively inserted into an through hole of an upright and a blind or through hole of said other upright.
  • At least one crosspiece or each crosspiece has a quadrilateral convex, or triangular, or circular, or oblong, or ovoid cross section.
  • At least one crosspiece or each crosspiece has a convex quadrilateral cross section of which at least one diagonal is an axis of symmetry, for example a square or diamond-shaped or stag-shaped section. steering wheel, and is arranged so that a diagonal thus forming an axis of symmetry is substantially parallel to the two amounts.
  • the faces of said at least one crosspiece or of each of the crosspieces are not parallel to the uprights of the device.
  • Such arrangements are particularly advantageous in that they greatly facilitate access of the mixture to the space located behind each crosspiece during a projection stage of said mixture.
  • the holes in which a crosspiece is inserted are of shapes adapted so that said crosspiece is movable in rotation around its longitudinal axis.
  • Such arrangements are advantageous in that they allow the device, once arranged in a compartment of the wooden frame and fixed thereto, to provide mechanical cohesion to the wall structure in its entirety ( wall surface, wooden frame, projected mixture) without stiffening everything. Indeed, by remaining mobile around its longitudinal axis, the crosspiece allows the projected mixture not only to work by vertical compaction to gain compactness but also to work without transmitting any twisting force to the uprights (and therefore ultimately to the wooden frame) once the mixture is dry.
  • each hole in an upright is centered in the width of the holed face.
  • At least one hole or each hole of an upright is off-centered in the width of the holed face, the off-centering being carried out in the same direction for all the off-centered holes on the same face.
  • each upright and each crosspiece is made of wood, for example from spruce, chestnut, poplar, etc.
  • Such arrangements advantageously contribute to reducing the environmental footprint of the manufacture of the device for the construction of an earthen wall.
  • the invention relates to a kit comprising two uprights and at least one crosspiece, and configured for assembling a device for constructing a wall by spraying a mixture comprising one or more geosourced and/or biosourced materials according to the invention.
  • said kit comprises a plurality of sleepers distributed in at least two sets, the sleepers of one set being of the same length, and two sleepers belonging respectively to two distinct sets being of distinct lengths
  • the invention relates to a method of assembling a device for constructing a wall by spraying a mixture comprising one or more geosourced and/or biosourced materials according to the invention, said assembly method being implemented from a kit according to the invention.
  • the invention relates to a method of constructing a wall by spraying a mixture comprising one or more geosourced and/or biosourced materials, for example an earthen wall, from a surface wall to which is attached a wooden frame delimiting at least one compartment formed by at least two amounts, said construction method comprising steps of:
  • a device for constructing the wall comprising two uprights each comprising a face provided with at least one hole, said holed faces being positioned opposite each other, as well as at minus one crosspiece inserted in a hole in each of the two uprights of said device, the spacing between the uprights of the device being adapted so that the external width of the device is equal to the internal width of the compartment,
  • the method of constructing a wall by spraying a mixture comprising one or more geosourced and/or biosourced materials may also include one or more of the following characteristics, taken individually or in all technically possible combinations.
  • each hole in which a crosspiece of the device for constructing the wall is inserted is a blind hole.
  • the device for constructing the wall conforms to the invention in that at least one hole into which said at least one crosspiece is inserted is an opening hole through which said at least one crosspiece is capable of sliding.
  • the obtaining step comprises:
  • the obtaining step comprises:
  • Figure 1 schematically represents a particular embodiment of a device according to the invention for the construction of an earth wall
  • Figure 2 shows a sectional view, along a cross section, of the device of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 shows a sectional view, along a cross section, of the device for constructing an earth wall according to another embodiment
  • Figure 4 represents, in flowchart form, a particular mode of implementation of a method of constructing an earthen wall, in which the device of Figures 1 and 2 is used;
  • Figure 5 schematically represents a sectional view, from above, of the earth wall completed after implementing the method of Figure 4;
  • Figure 6 schematically represents, in a front view, the compartment housing the device before the assembly is covered with earth;
  • Figure 7 is a close-up three-quarter view of the compartment housing the device of Figure 6;
  • Figure 8 schematically represents the device of Figure 1 in a final state ready to be arranged in a compartment of a wooden frame.
  • Figure 1 schematically represents a particular embodiment of a device 100 according to the invention for the construction of a wall by spraying a mixture comprising one or more geosourced and/or biosourced materials.
  • Figure 1 corresponds more particularly to a three-quarter view of said device 100.
  • the rest of the description aims more specifically at the construction of an earth wall (raw earth or stabilized earth for example). These considerations are however not limiting to the invention, and nothing excludes considering any mixture known to those skilled in the art, comprising one or more geosourced and/or biosourced materials and suitable for the construction of a wall ( example: hemp-lime mixture, concrete-fiber/wood aggregate mixture, etc.).
  • the device 100 is configured so as to be able to take place within a compartment formed by a wooden frame fixed to a wall surface. These aspects linked to the arrangement of the device 100 within such a compartment are described in more detail later.
  • the device 100 comprises uprights connected together by crosspieces, these uprights and these crosspieces being all made of wood, which advantageously contributes to reducing the environmental footprint of the manufacture of the device 100.
  • wood No limitation is attached to the type of wood that can be used. For example, it can be spruce, poplar, chestnut, etc.
  • the device 100 comprises two uprights, a first upright 110 as well as a second upright 120, of parallelepiped shapes and parallel to each other, as well as five crosspieces 131, 132, 133, 134 , 135 (approximately) parallel to each other.
  • each of the uprights 110, 120 has a face provided with holes. More particularly, and as illustrated in Figure 1, the first upright 110 (respectively the second upright 121) has a face 111 provided with five holes 111_1, 111_2, 111_3, 111_4, 111_5 (respectively a face 121 provided with five holes 121_1, 121_2, 121_3, 121_4, 121_5), said faces 111, 121 with holes being positioned opposite each other.
  • the holes on a face 111, 121 are distributed periodically (ie with a constant gap between the holes, for example a gap equal to 200 mm) in the length thereof, while being (substantially) aligned as well as centered in the width of said face 111, 121.
  • each crosspiece 131-135 is inserted into a hole in each of the uprights 110, 120, the two holes in which a crosspiece is inserted being located opposite each other (in Figure 1 , the crosspiece 131 is inserted into the holes 111_1 and 121_1, the crosspiece 132 is inserted into the holes 111_2 and 121_2, etc.).
  • the device 100 is intended to be used for the construction of a wall by projection of earth, it is understood implicitly that the (vertical) distance between two adjacent sleepers is configured so to allow passage of the earth thrown over them.
  • the crosspieces of the device 100 are not in contact two by two, each crosspiece having a sufficient distance from a crosspiece adjacent to it to allow the passage of the earth during a projection step.
  • the gaps between adjacent sleepers are not necessarily all identical.
  • the distance between two adjacent sleepers is between 100mm and 300mm, preferably equal to 200mm.
  • the holes 121J of the face 121 of the second upright 120 all open out.
  • through-outs reference is conventionally made to the fact that each of said holes 121J passes right through the second upright 120 from face 121.
  • the crosspieces 131-135 can slide through said holes 121J.
  • Such arrangements are particularly advantageous insofar as they make it possible to adjust the gap between the first and second amounts 110, 120, which makes it possible to obtain a device 100 perfectly adapted to the width of a compartment in which it is intended to be fixed.
  • the holes 111 J of the first upright 110 are all blind in the embodiment described here.
  • blind we conventionally refer to the fact that the holes 111 J do not open.
  • each crosspiece 131-135 is inserted into a blind hole 111J of the first upright 110 as well as into an through hole 121J of the second upright 120
  • Such an alternation of configuration of the holes in which a crosspiece is inserted is advantageous in that it facilitates the adjustment of the distance between the two uprights 110, 120, to the extent that the first upright 110 remains fixed.
  • first upright 110 is provided with through holes (for example, the first upright 110 and the second upright 120 both include only holes outlets).
  • At least one of said two uprights 110, 120 has a through hole.
  • the crosspieces 131-135 all have a diamond-shaped cross section. This is represented more distinctively in Figure 2 which corresponds to a sectional view, following a cross section, of the device 100.
  • each cross section is arranged so that a diagonal of the diamond is substantially parallel to the two uprights 110, 120 (The. parallel to the large dimensions of each of the two amounts 110, 120).
  • the (planar) faces of each of the crosspieces 131-135 are not parallel to the first and second uprights 110, 120.
  • Such arrangements are particularly advantageous in that they greatly favor access from the earth to the space located behind each crosspiece 131-135 during an earth projection step.
  • each crosspiece 131-135 has a convex quadrilateral cross section of which at least one diagonal is an axis of symmetry, for example a square or kite-shaped section , and is arranged so that a diagonal thus forming an axis of symmetry is substantially parallel to the two uprights.
  • kite shape we conventionally refer to a convex quadrilateral which has two pairs of isometric adjacent sides and one of the diagonals of which is an axis of symmetry.
  • any convex quadrilateral shape can be considered (such as for example a rectangular shape, a trapezoidal shape), but also a triangular shape (advantageously oriented so that no side is parallel to the two uprights 110, 120) or else still circular, or oblong, or ovoid.
  • crosspieces 131-135 all have the same shape of cross section, it remains of course possible to consider that a particular shape of cross section only applies to part of said sleepers 131-135 (for example to only one of said sleepers 131-135).
  • the holes 111J, 121J in which a crosspiece 131-135 is inserted are of shapes adapted so that said crosspiece is movable in rotation around its longitudinal axis.
  • Such arrangements are advantageous in that they allow the device 100, once arranged in a compartment of the wooden frame and fixed thereto, to provide cohesion mechanical to the wall structure in its entirety (wall surface, wooden frame, earth wall) without stiffening the whole thing.
  • the crosspiece allows the projected earth to work by vertical compaction to gain compactness but also to work without transmitting any torsional force on the uprights (and therefore ultimately on the wooden frame) once the earth has dried.
  • the holes 111J, 121J in which a crosspiece 131-135 is inserted are circular and have a diameter substantially greater than the largest diagonal of the diamond forming the cross section of the crosspiece 131-135.
  • the device 100 has also been described until now essentially with reference to Figures 1 and 2. It should however be noted that the invention still covers other embodiments, in particular in terms of number of crosspieces and number of holes. In particular, nothing excludes having more than five sleepers, or less than five sleepers, such as for example a single sleeper. Generally speaking, no limitation is attached to these aspects as long as the holes in the uprights are sufficient in number to ensure the installation of a desired number of sleepers.
  • the invention also covers a kit (not shown in the figures) configured for assembling the device 100.
  • kit comprises the two uprights 110, 120 as well as the crosspieces 131-135.
  • the kit may also include other elements, in particular still other crosspieces. More particularly, the kit may comprise for example a plurality of sleepers distributed in at least two sets, the sleepers of one set being of the same length, and two sleepers belonging respectively to two distinct sets being of distinct lengths.
  • the device 100 illustrated in Figure 1 comprises two types of crosspieces, namely:
  • kits suitable for assembling such a device 100 comprises in particular two sets of crosspieces, namely a first set comprising at least two crosspieces of length Ll and a second set comprising at least three crosspieces of length L2.
  • kit suitable for assembling the device 100 of Figure 1 may also include one or more other sets of crosspieces of distinct lengths, this aspect being in no way limiting the invention.
  • the fact of having a large number of such assemblies makes it easier to adjust the device 100 to different compartment dimensions in the wooden frame.
  • a kit according to the invention can for example comprise a plurality of sets of crosspieces, for example two sets, the lengths of which range between 300 mm and 600 mm. All the sleepers have for example, in cross section, a largest dimension equal to 15 mm (for example, if the cross section is diamond-shaped, this length of 15 mm is that of the largest diagonal of the diamond).
  • the kit comprises several amounts, possibly distributed according to several sets according to their lengths (counted vertically) and/or their widths (counted horizontally) and/or their depths (counted in the width of a holed face).
  • the lengths can range between 1000 mm and 2600 mm
  • the widths can be substantially equal to 15 mm
  • the depths can be substantially equal to 50 mm.
  • the invention covers a kit for assembling a device 100 for the construction of an earthen wall as described previously, the invention also covers a method of assembling this device 100 from the kit in question.
  • Such an assembly method comprises, implicitly and for each crosspiece 131-135, a step of inserting said crosspiece 131-135 into two holes 111J, 121J of the first and second uprights 110, 120.
  • a first crosspiece 131-135 is inserted into a blind hole 111 J, then the upright 120 is slid along this crosspiece already inserted in a blind hole, the latter then being inserted into one of the through holes 121J.
  • the remaining crosspieces 131-135 are inserted through the other through holes 12 IJ, to first pass through the second upright 120, and then be inserted into the other blind holes 111J.
  • Figure 4 represents, in flowchart form, a particular mode of implementing said method of constructing an earthen wall, in which the device 100 of Figures 1 and 2 is used.
  • the wall surface is a surface formed of a plurality of layers, including in particular a layer of hard material formed by a panel made of OSB wood (“Oriented Strand Board” in English) as well as at least one insulating layer against which the wooden frame is intended to be fixed and receiving the projection of earth.
  • OSB wood Oriented Strand Board
  • Figure 5 schematically represents a sectional view, from above, of the earth wall completed at the end of the implementation of the method of Figure 4. More particularly, it is notably possible to distinguish in Figure 5 the different layers of the wall surface (OSB wooden panel 10, air gap 20, exterior insulating layer 30, working veil 31, insulating layer 32 against which the wooden frame is fixed, projected earth 40, vapor barrier 50 , interior insulating layer 60, surface area 70, plasterboard 80), as well as the uprights 200, 300 of the wooden frame which horizontally delimit the compartment housing the device 100.
  • OSB wooden panel 10 air gap 20
  • exterior insulating layer 30 working veil 31
  • insulating layer 32 against which the wooden frame is fixed projected earth 40, vapor barrier 50 , interior insulating layer 60, surface area 70, plasterboard 80
  • the uprights 200, 300 of the wooden frame which horizontally delimit the compartment housing the device 100.
  • Figure 6 for its part, schematically represents, in a front view, the compartment accommodating the device 100 before the assembly is covered with earth.
  • the compartment in question is delimited horizontally by the two uprights 200, 300, as well as by an upper crosspiece 400 and the ground.
  • Figure 7 is a close-up three-quarter view of the compartment housing the device 100 of Figure 6.
  • the construction method firstly comprises a step E10 of obtaining the device 100.
  • This step of obtaining E10 is implemented so that once completed, the The spacing between the uprights 110, 120 of the device 100 is adapted so that the external width of the device 100 (i.e. the width counted between the most distant edges of the uprights 110, 120) is equal to the internal width of the compartment (i.e. the width counted between the faces of the uprights 200, 300 placed opposite each other).
  • the step of obtaining E10 comprises:
  • this assembly step E10_l corresponds to the assembly process previously mentioned for which, once completed, the crosspieces 131-135 are all inserted into the uprights 110, 120, at least the crosspieces 133, 134, 135 protruding from the second upright 120. Furthermore, at this stage of the construction process, the difference between the uprights 110, 120 is not yet adjusted,
  • the construction method comprises a step E20 arrangement of the device 100 in said compartment by fixing each of the amounts 110, 120 of the device against an amount 200, 300 of said compartment as well as by bringing the uprights 110, 120 of the device 100 into contact with the wall surface (more particularly here with the insulating layer 32 illustrated in Figure 5).
  • the crosspieces 131-135 are at a distance substantially equal to 15 mm from the insulating layer 32 of the wall surface. This distance allows the earth to pass behind the sleepers 131-135 during projection.
  • the fixing between the uprights 110, 120 of the device 100 and the uprights 200, 300 of the compartment is carried out in any known manner, so as to rigidly link the uprights together.
  • fixing can be achieved using a nail/screw/rivet system.
  • the construction process includes a step E30 of projecting earth against the wall surface (i.e. on the side where the wooden frame is located). This projection can be carried out in any manner known to those skilled in the art, for example manually or using mechanical means to save time. The projected earth then covers the device 100 which then becomes an integral part of the wall.
  • the earth wall is conventionally covered with one or more other layers, as shown in no way limiting in Figure 5.
  • the term “obtaining” can also refer to the fact that the device 100 has been pre-assembled, possibly pre-cut, and that it is supplied ready to be arranged in the compartment. Furthermore, in the case where the device 100 is obtained pre-assembled, so that it can be directly arranged in the compartment (ie no adjustment of spacing between uprights is required), nothing does not exclude the possibility that the holes made in the first and second uprights 110, 120 are all blind.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Load-Bearing And Curtain Walls (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a device (100) for constructing a wall, for example an earth wall, by spraying a mixture comprising one or more geosourced and/or biosourced materials, said device comprising: - two uprights (110, 120) each having a face (111, 121) which is provided with at least one hole (111_1, 111_2, 111_3, 111_4, 111_5, 121_1, 121_2, 121_3, 121_4, 121_5), the perforated faces being positioned opposite one another; and - at least one crosspiece (131, 132, 133, 134, 135) which is inserted into a hole of each of the two uprights. In addition, at least one hole in which the at least one crosspiece is inserted is a through-hole through which the at least one crosspiece is able to slide.

Description

Description Description
Titre de l'invention : Dispositif pour la fabrication d'un mur par projection d'un mélange comportant un ou plusieurs matériaux géosourcés et/ou biosourcés Title of the invention: Device for manufacturing a wall by spraying a mixture comprising one or more geosourced and/or biosourced materials
Technique antérieure Prior art
[0001] La présente invention appartient au domaine général de la construction de murs. Elle concerne plus particulièrement un dispositif pour la construction d'un mur en par projection d'un mélange comportant un ou plusieurs matériaux géosourcés et/ou biosourcés, ainsi qu'un kit d'assemblage d'un tel dispositif et un procédé d'assemblage associé. Elle concerne également un procédé de construction d'un mur pouvant être mis en œuvre par ledit dispositif. L'invention trouve une application particulièrement avantageuse, bien que nullement limitative, dans le cas de la construction de murs en terre d'un bâtiment, comme par exemple une habitation. The present invention belongs to the general field of wall construction. It relates more particularly to a device for constructing a wall by spraying a mixture comprising one or more geosourced and/or biosourced materials, as well as an assembly kit for such a device and an assembly method. partner. It also relates to a method of constructing a wall which can be implemented by said device. The invention finds a particularly advantageous application, although in no way limiting, in the case of the construction of earthen walls of a building, such as for example a dwelling.
[0002] La construction de murs à partir de mélanges comportant un ou plusieurs matériaux géosourcés et/ou biosourcés, en particulier pour l'édification de bâtiments tels que des habitations, est une activité de longue date. [0002] The construction of walls from mixtures comprising one or more geosourced and/or biosourced materials, in particular for the construction of buildings such as homes, is a long-standing activity.
[0003] Par matériau « géosourcé », il est fait référence ici à un matériau issu de ressources d'origine minérale. Par exemple, il peut s'agir de terre excavée et/ou de terre de terrassement, ou encore de pierre sèche. [0003] By “geosourced” material, reference is made here to a material derived from resources of mineral origin. For example, it may be excavated earth and/or earthworks, or even dry stone.
[0004] Par matériau « biosourcé », il est fait référence ici à un matériau partiellement ou totalement issu de la biomasse. Par exemple, il peut s'agir de bois (bois d'œuvre et produits connexes), de chanvre, de colza, de miscanthus, de balle de riz, de paille, d'anas de lin, de liège, de rafle de maïs, de roseau, de laine de mouton, etc. [0004] By “biosourced” material, reference is made here to a material partially or totally derived from biomass. For example, it can be wood (lumber and related products), hemp, rapeseed, miscanthus, rice husk, straw, flax shives, cork, corn cob , reed, sheep's wool, etc.
[0005] Bien que tombée en désuétude dans les sociétés modernes à mesure que le béton a été de plus en plus utilisé, cette activité de construction connaît désormais un regain d'intérêt. [0005] Although it has fallen into disuse in modern societies as concrete has been increasingly used, this construction activity is now experiencing renewed interest.
[0006] En effet, l'utilisation de matériaux géosourcés et/ou biosourcés dans les chantiers de bâtiments présente des avantages environnementaux de première importance (circularité, peu énergivore, durable, bon isolant thermique). D'une manière générale, l'utilisation de tels matériaux contribue à la réduction de l'impact environnemental du secteur du bâtiment tout en permettant une amélioration du confort des habitants. [0007] En outre, les avantages apportés par ces matériaux de construction ne se limitent pas aux seuls aspects environnementaux. Ainsi, selon le ou les matériaux envisagés, les bénéfices suivants peuvent être attendus : produit universel, bonnes performances d'isolation phonique (si le mur est suffisamment épais), régulation de l'hygrométrie, absorption des odeurs, incombustible, souple à manier, nécessite un outillage réduit. [0006] Indeed, the use of geosourced and/or biosourced materials in building sites presents environmental advantages of primary importance (circularity, low energy consumption, durable, good thermal insulation). Generally speaking, the use of such materials contributes to reducing the environmental impact of the building sector while improving the comfort of residents. [0007] Furthermore, the advantages provided by these construction materials are not limited to environmental aspects alone. Thus, depending on the material(s) considered, the following benefits can be expected: universal product, good sound insulation performance (if the wall is sufficiently thick), regulation of humidity, absorption of odors, non-combustible, flexible to handle, requires reduced tools.
[0008] Il existe de nombreuses techniques traditionnelles permettant d'élever, à partir d'un mélange comportant un ou plusieurs matériaux géosourcés et/ou biosourcés, un mur (sensiblement) vertical venant en appui d'une surface murale. Par « surface murale », on fait référence ici à une surface formée d'une ou plusieurs couches, dont notamment une couche en matière dure, comme par exemple un panneau en bois OSB (« Oriented Strand Board » en anglais), recouverte sur une de ses faces d'un enduit en contact avec l'environnement extérieur, l'autre face étant séparée d'un matériau isolant par une lame d'air. [0008] There are numerous traditional techniques making it possible to raise, from a mixture comprising one or more geo-sourced and/or bio-sourced materials, a (substantially) vertical wall supporting a wall surface. By “wall surface”, we refer here to a surface formed of one or more layers, including in particular a layer of hard material, such as for example an OSB wooden panel (“Oriented Strand Board” in English), covered on a of its faces of a coating in contact with the external environment, the other face being separated from an insulating material by an air blade.
[0009] Une large part de ces techniques repose sur la fixation d'une ossature en bois à la surface murale, du côté du matériau isolant. Cette ossature est configurée de sorte à délimiter un ou plusieurs compartiments formés par au moins deux montants appartenant à ladite ossature (un compartiment peut également être délimité verticalement par une traverse inférieure et/ou une traverse supérieure). Une fois l'ossature en bois fixée à la surface murale, des planches en bois, généralement sous forme de lattes, sont fixées horizontalement aux montants des compartiments au niveau de leurs faces avant, en veillant à laisser des interstices entre chacune desdites lattes. [0009] A large part of these techniques are based on fixing a wooden frame to the wall surface, on the side of the insulating material. This framework is configured so as to delimit one or more compartments formed by at least two uprights belonging to said framework (a compartment can also be delimited vertically by a lower crossbar and/or an upper crossbar). Once the wooden frame is fixed to the wall surface, wooden boards, generally in the form of slats, are fixed horizontally to the uprights of the compartments at the level of their front faces, taking care to leave gaps between each of said slats.
[0010] Il résulte de ces opérations l'obtention de compartiments coffrés aptes à recevoir le mélange destiné à la construction du mur, et dont la fonction première est de contribuer au soutien vertical dudit mélange. [0010] These operations result in obtaining formwork compartments capable of receiving the mixture intended for the construction of the wall, and whose primary function is to contribute to the vertical support of said mixture.
[0011] En pratique, la mise en place du mélange dans les coffrages s'effectue par projection entre les interstices séparant les lattes, par exemple manuellement ou bien par des moyens mécanisés pour un gain de temps. En définitive, une fois les coffrages remplis du mélange, une ou plusieurs autres couches (pare-vapeur, matériau isolant, plaque de plâtre, etc.) sont encore appliquées sur le mur ainsi érigé. [0011] In practice, the mixture is placed in the formwork by projection between the gaps separating the slats, for example manually or by mechanized means to save time. Ultimately, once the formwork is filled with the mixture, one or more other layers (vapour barrier, insulating material, plasterboard, etc.) are still applied to the wall thus erected.
[0012] Cette façon de procéder pour construire un mur à partir d'un mélange comportant un ou plusieurs matériaux géosourcés et/ou biosourcés, bien que largement maîtrisée, souffre néanmoins de certains inconvénients. En effet, la mise en place des lattes en bois pour coffrer les compartiments accueillant le mélange se révèle longue et fastidieuse. En outre, si elles participent effectivement au soutien du mur, les lattes en bois ne participent pas directement à la cohésion mécanique de ce dernier, ce qui constitue une source de fragilité. [0012] This way of proceeding to build a wall from a mixture comprising one or more geosourced and/or biosourced materials, although largely mastered, nevertheless suffers from certain drawbacks. In fact, the installation of the slats in wood to form the compartments housing the mixture turns out to be long and tedious. In addition, if they actually participate in supporting the wall, the wooden slats do not directly contribute to the mechanical cohesion of the latter, which constitutes a source of fragility.
[0013] Par ailleurs, les lattes forment autant d'obstacles à la projection du mélange lors du remplissage des coffrages, plus particulièrement lorsque des moyens mécanisés sont utilisés. Le mélange projeté a donc du mal à combler l'espace situé derrière les lattes, ce qui peut engendrer une faiblesse mécanique du mur et oblige à réaliser un nombre important de passages lors de l'étape de projection. Une projection manuelle du mélange peut permettre de contourner cette difficulté, au prix, néanmoins, d'une mise en œuvre particulièrement longue et fastidieuse là encore. [0013] Furthermore, the slats form obstacles to the projection of the mixture when filling the formwork, more particularly when mechanized means are used. The projected mixture therefore has difficulty filling the space behind the slats, which can cause mechanical weakness in the wall and requires a significant number of passes to be made during the projection stage. Manual projection of the mixture can make it possible to circumvent this difficulty, at the cost, however, of a particularly long and tedious implementation here again.
Exposé de l'invention Presentation of the invention
[0014] La présente invention a pour objectif de remédier à tout ou partie des inconvénients de l'art antérieur, notamment ceux exposés ci-avant, en proposant une solution qui permette de construire un mur par projection d'un mélange comportant un ou plusieurs matériaux géosourcés et/ou biosourcés, de manière particulièrement aisée (i.e. peu d'opérations) et très efficace par rapport aux solutions de l'art antérieur. En particulier, la solution proposée par l'invention permet de diminuer considérablement le nombre de passages (au même endroit) lors de l'étape de projection du mélange, tout en garantissant une cohésion mécanique non seulement du mur en tant que tel (le mélange ne flue pas sous son propre poids) mais également de la structure murale dans son entièreté (surface murale, ossature en bois, mélange projeté). La solution proposée par l'invention permet en outre d'éviter que le mur érigé présente localement des absences de matière, de sorte que celui-ci présente une très grande solidité tout en proposant d'excellentes performances thermiques et acoustiques. [0014] The present invention aims to remedy all or part of the drawbacks of the prior art, in particular those set out above, by proposing a solution which makes it possible to construct a wall by spraying a mixture comprising one or more geosourced and/or biosourced materials, in a particularly easy manner (i.e. few operations) and very effective compared to the solutions of the prior art. In particular, the solution proposed by the invention makes it possible to considerably reduce the number of passages (in the same place) during the projection stage of the mixture, while guaranteeing mechanical cohesion not only of the wall as such (the mixture does not creep under its own weight) but also of the wall structure in its entirety (wall surface, wooden frame, projected mixture). The solution proposed by the invention also makes it possible to prevent the erected wall from having local absences of material, so that it presents very great solidity while offering excellent thermal and acoustic performances.
[0015] A cet effet, et selon un premier aspect, l'invention concerne un dispositif pour la construction d'un mur par projection d'un mélange comportant un ou plusieurs matériaux géosourcés et/ou biosourcés, par exemple un mur en terre, comprenant :[0015] For this purpose, and according to a first aspect, the invention relates to a device for constructing a wall by spraying a mixture comprising one or more geosourced and/or biosourced materials, for example an earthen wall, including:
- deux montants comportant chacun une face munie d'au moins un trou, lesdites faces trouées étant positionnées en vis-à-vis l'une de l'autre, - two uprights each comprising a face provided with at least one hole, said holed faces being positioned opposite each other,
- au moins une traverse insérée dans un trou de chacun des deux montants. En outre, au moins un trou dans lequel est insérée ladite au moins une traverse est un trou débouchant au travers duquel ladite au moins une traverse est apte à coulisser. - at least one crosspiece inserted in a hole in each of the two uprights. Furthermore, at least one hole into which said at least one crosspiece is inserted is a through hole through which said at least one crosspiece is capable of sliding.
[0016] Le dispositif selon l'invention est donc configuré de sorte que ladite au moins une traverse peut coulisser au travers du trou débouchant dans lequel elle est insérée. Dit encore autrement, il est possible d'ajuster la position du montant dans lequel est pratiqué ledit au moins un trou débouchant, en le faisant coulisser horizontalement le long de ladite au moins une traverse. De telles dispositions sont particulièrement avantageuses dans la mesure où elles permettent de régler l'écart entre les deux montants du dispositif, ce qui permet d'obtenir un dispositif parfaitement adapté à la largeur d'un compartiment dans lequel il se destine à être fixé. [0016] The device according to the invention is therefore configured so that said at least one crosspiece can slide through the through hole in which it is inserted. In other words, it is possible to adjust the position of the upright in which said at least one through hole is made, by sliding it horizontally along said at least one crosspiece. Such arrangements are particularly advantageous in that they make it possible to adjust the distance between the two uprights of the device, which makes it possible to obtain a device perfectly adapted to the width of a compartment in which it is intended to be fixed.
[0017] Le dispositif selon l'invention est en outre simple de fabrication : il nécessite peu d'éléments et ne requiert aucun arrangement/mécanisme complexe. L'assemblage des différents éléments entre (montants, traverse(s)) est également aisé. The device according to the invention is also simple to manufacture: it requires few elements and does not require any complex arrangement/mechanism. The assembly of the different elements between (uprights, crosspieces) is also easy.
[0018] Qui plus est, la configuration du dispositif lui permet, lorsqu'il est agencé fixement dans un compartiment (i.e. le dispositif est en liaison mécanique fixe/serrée avec le compartiment), d'assurer une continuité entre le mur et l'ossature en bois. Il en résulte un maintien (et donc une cohésion mécanique) de la structure murale dans son entièreté (surface murale, ossature en bois, mélange projeté). [0018] What is more, the configuration of the device allows it, when it is fixedly arranged in a compartment (i.e. the device is in fixed/tight mechanical connection with the compartment), to ensure continuity between the wall and the wooden frame. This results in maintenance (and therefore mechanical cohesion) of the wall structure in its entirety (wall surface, wooden frame, projected mixture).
[0019] La ou les traverses jouent également un rôle avantageux en ce qu'elles permettent d'éviter que le mélange projeté pour former le mur flue sous son propre poids. The sleeper(s) also play an advantageous role in that they prevent the mixture projected to form the wall from creeping under its own weight.
[0020] Un autre aspect particulièrement avantageux de la configuration du dispositif, et plus particulièrement de la présence des traverses entre les montants, est celui selon lequel le nombre de passages (au même endroit) lors de l'étape de projection du mélange est considérablement diminué. En effet, contrairement aux solutions de l'état de la technique, les traverses ne forment pas des obstacles directs à la projection du mélange dans la mesure où elles ne sont pas fixées sur les faces avant de l'ossature en bois. Autrement dit, le mélange projeté est exploité avec un bien meilleur rendement. [0020] Another particularly advantageous aspect of the configuration of the device, and more particularly of the presence of the crosspieces between the uprights, is that according to which the number of passages (in the same place) during the stage of projection of the mixture is considerably decreases. Indeed, unlike state-of-the-art solutions, the crosspieces do not form direct obstacles to the projection of the mixture to the extent that they are not fixed to the front faces of the wooden frame. In other words, the projected mixture is exploited with much better efficiency.
[0021] Le dispositif selon l'invention permet également, du fait qu'il se destine à être en appui de la surface murale dans le fond du compartiment via ses montants, à maintenir la partie de la surface murale avec laquelle il est en contact, comme par exemple un assemblage d'un pare-vapeur et d'une couche isolante. [0022] Dans des modes particuliers de réalisation, le dispositif pour la construction d'un mur par projection d'un mélange comportant un ou plusieurs matériaux géosourcés et/ou biosourcés peut comporter en outre l'une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes, prises isolément ou selon toutes les combinaisons techniquement possibles. [0021] The device according to the invention also makes it possible, because it is intended to support the wall surface in the bottom of the compartment via its uprights, to maintain the part of the wall surface with which it is in contact , such as for example an assembly of a vapor barrier and an insulating layer. [0022] In particular embodiments, the device for constructing a wall by spraying a mixture comprising one or more geosourced and/or biosourced materials may also include one or more of the following characteristics, taken in isolation or according to all technically possible combinations.
[0023] Dans des modes particuliers de réalisation, chaque montant comporte une pluralité de trous répartis dans la longueur de sa face trouée, les trous d'un des deux montants étant tous débouchants, les trous de l'autre montant étant tous borgnes ou tous débouchants, le dispositif comportant une pluralité de traverses respectivement insérées dans un trou débouchant d'un montant et un trou borgne ou débouchant dudit autre montant. [0023] In particular embodiments, each upright has a plurality of holes distributed along the length of its perforated face, the holes in one of the two uprights all opening out, the holes in the other upright being all blind or all through holes, the device comprising a plurality of crosspieces respectively inserted into an through hole of an upright and a blind or through hole of said other upright.
[0024] Dans des modes particuliers de réalisation, au moins une traverse ou chaque traverse présente une section transversale quadrilatérale convexe, ou triangulaire, ou circulaire, ou oblongue, ou ovoïde. [0024] In particular embodiments, at least one crosspiece or each crosspiece has a quadrilateral convex, or triangular, or circular, or oblong, or ovoid cross section.
[0025] Dans des modes particuliers de réalisation, au moins une traverse ou chaque traverse présente une section transversale quadrilatérale convexe dont au moins une diagonale est un axe de symétrie, par exemple une section carrée ou en forme de losange ou en forme de cerf-volant, et est agencée de sorte qu'une diagonale formant ainsi axe de symétrie est sensiblement parallèle aux deux montants. [0025] In particular embodiments, at least one crosspiece or each crosspiece has a convex quadrilateral cross section of which at least one diagonal is an axis of symmetry, for example a square or diamond-shaped or stag-shaped section. steering wheel, and is arranged so that a diagonal thus forming an axis of symmetry is substantially parallel to the two amounts.
[0026] De cette manière, les faces de ladite au moins une traverse ou de chacune des traverses sont non parallèles aux montants du dispositif. De telles dispositions sont particulièrement avantageuses en ce qu'elles favorisent grandement l'accès du mélange à l'espace situé derrière chaque traverse lors d'une étape de projection dudit mélange. [0026] In this way, the faces of said at least one crosspiece or of each of the crosspieces are not parallel to the uprights of the device. Such arrangements are particularly advantageous in that they greatly facilitate access of the mixture to the space located behind each crosspiece during a projection stage of said mixture.
[0027] Dans des modes particuliers de réalisation, les trous dans lesquels sont insérés une traverse sont de formes adaptées à ce que ladite traverse est mobile en rotation autour de son axe longitudinal. [0027] In particular embodiments, the holes in which a crosspiece is inserted are of shapes adapted so that said crosspiece is movable in rotation around its longitudinal axis.
[0028] De telles dispositions sont avantageuses en ce qu'elles permettent au dispositif, une fois agencé dans un compartiment de l'ossature en bois et fixé à celle-ci, d'apporter une cohésion mécanique à la structure murale dans son entièreté (surface murale, ossature en bois, mélange projeté) sans pour autant rigidifier le tout. En effet, en demeurant mobile autour de son axe longitudinal, la traverse permet au mélange projeté non seulement de travailler par tassement vertical pour gagner en compacité mais également de travailler sans transmettre d'effort de torsion sur les montants (et donc in fine sur l'ossature en bois) une fois le mélange sec. [0028] Such arrangements are advantageous in that they allow the device, once arranged in a compartment of the wooden frame and fixed thereto, to provide mechanical cohesion to the wall structure in its entirety ( wall surface, wooden frame, projected mixture) without stiffening everything. Indeed, by remaining mobile around its longitudinal axis, the crosspiece allows the projected mixture not only to work by vertical compaction to gain compactness but also to work without transmitting any twisting force to the uprights (and therefore ultimately to the wooden frame) once the mixture is dry.
[0029] Dans des modes particuliers de réalisation, chaque trou d'un montant est centré dans la largeur de la face trouée. [0029] In particular embodiments, each hole in an upright is centered in the width of the holed face.
[0030] Dans des modes particuliers de réalisation, au moins un trou ou chaque trou d'un montant est décentré dans la largeur de la face trouée, le décentrage étant réalisé dans une même direction pour tous les trous décentrés d'une même face. [0030] In particular embodiments, at least one hole or each hole of an upright is off-centered in the width of the holed face, the off-centering being carried out in the same direction for all the off-centered holes on the same face.
[0031] De telles dispositions sont avantageuses dans la mesure où les inventeurs ont constaté que plus une traverse est éloignée de la surface murale, une fois le dispositif agencé dans un compartiment de l'ossature, moins il y a besoin d'effectuer de passages au niveau de cette traverse lors d'une étape de projection du mélange. [0031] Such arrangements are advantageous to the extent that the inventors have noted that the further a crosspiece is from the wall surface, once the device is arranged in a compartment of the frame, the fewer passages there are necessary to make. at the level of this crosspiece during a stage of projection of the mixture.
[0032] Dans des modes particuliers de réalisation, chaque montant et chaque traverse est réalisé en bois, par exemple à partir d'épicéa, de châtaignier, de peuplier, etc. [0032] In particular embodiments, each upright and each crosspiece is made of wood, for example from spruce, chestnut, poplar, etc.
[0033] De telles dispositions contribuent avantageusement à diminuer l'empreinte environnementale de la fabrication du dispositif pour la construction d'un mur en terre. [0033] Such arrangements advantageously contribute to reducing the environmental footprint of the manufacture of the device for the construction of an earthen wall.
[0034] Selon un deuxième aspect, l'invention concerne un kit comportant deux montants et au moins une traverse, et configuré pour l'assemblage d'un dispositif pour la construction d'un mur par projection d'un mélange comportant un ou plusieurs matériaux géosourcés et/ou biosourcés selon l'invention. [0034] According to a second aspect, the invention relates to a kit comprising two uprights and at least one crosspiece, and configured for assembling a device for constructing a wall by spraying a mixture comprising one or more geosourced and/or biosourced materials according to the invention.
[0035] Dans des modes particuliers de réalisation, ledit kit comporte une pluralité de traverses réparties en au moins deux ensembles, les traverses d'un ensemble étant de même longueur, et deux traverses appartenant respectivement à deux ensembles distincts étant de longueurs distinctes [0035] In particular embodiments, said kit comprises a plurality of sleepers distributed in at least two sets, the sleepers of one set being of the same length, and two sleepers belonging respectively to two distinct sets being of distinct lengths
[0036] Selon un troisième aspect, l'invention concerne un procédé d'assemblage d'un dispositif pour la construction d'un mur par projection d'un mélange comportant un ou plusieurs matériaux géosourcés et/ou biosourcés selon l'invention, ledit procédé d'assemblage étant mis en œuvre à partir d'un kit selon l'invention. [0036] According to a third aspect, the invention relates to a method of assembling a device for constructing a wall by spraying a mixture comprising one or more geosourced and/or biosourced materials according to the invention, said assembly method being implemented from a kit according to the invention.
[0037] Selon un quatrième aspect, l'invention concerne un procédé de construction d'un mur par projection d'un mélange comportant un ou plusieurs matériaux géosourcés et/ou biosourcés, par exemple un mur en terre, à partir d'une surface murale à laquelle est fixée une ossature en bois délimitant au moins un compartiment formé par au moins deux montants, ledit procédé de construction comportant des étapes de : [0037] According to a fourth aspect, the invention relates to a method of constructing a wall by spraying a mixture comprising one or more geosourced and/or biosourced materials, for example an earthen wall, from a surface wall to which is attached a wooden frame delimiting at least one compartment formed by at least two amounts, said construction method comprising steps of:
- obtention d'un dispositif pour la construction du mur, comprenant deux montants comportant chacun une face munie d'au moins un trou, lesdites faces trouées étant positionnées en vis-à-vis l'une de l'autre, ainsi qu'au moins une traverse insérée dans un trou de chacun des deux montants dudit dispositif, l'écartement entre les montants du dispositif étant adapté à ce que la largeur externe du dispositif est égale à la largeur interne du compartiment, - obtaining a device for constructing the wall, comprising two uprights each comprising a face provided with at least one hole, said holed faces being positioned opposite each other, as well as at minus one crosspiece inserted in a hole in each of the two uprights of said device, the spacing between the uprights of the device being adapted so that the external width of the device is equal to the internal width of the compartment,
- agencement du dispositif dans ledit compartiment par fixation de chacun des montants du dispositif contre un montant dudit compartiment ainsi que par mise en contact des montants du dispositif avec la surface murale, - arrangement of the device in said compartment by fixing each of the uprights of the device against an upright of said compartment as well as by bringing the uprights of the device into contact with the wall surface,
- projection du mélange contre la surface murale. - projection of the mixture against the wall surface.
[0038] Dans des modes particuliers de mise en œuvre, le procédé de construction d'un mur par projection d'un mélange comportant un ou plusieurs matériaux géosourcés et/ou biosourcés peut comporter en outre l'une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes, prises isolément ou selon toutes les combinaisons techniquement possibles. [0038] In particular modes of implementation, the method of constructing a wall by spraying a mixture comprising one or more geosourced and/or biosourced materials may also include one or more of the following characteristics, taken individually or in all technically possible combinations.
[0039] Dans des modes particuliers de mise en œuvre, chaque trou dans lequel est insérée une traverse du dispositif pour la construction du mur est un trou borgne. [0039] In particular modes of implementation, each hole in which a crosspiece of the device for constructing the wall is inserted is a blind hole.
[0040] Dans des modes particuliers de mise en œuvre, le dispositif pour la construction du mur est conforme à l'invention en ce qu'au moins un trou dans lequel est insérée ladite au moins une traverse est un trou débouchant au travers duquel ladite au moins une traverse est apte à coulisser. [0040] In particular modes of implementation, the device for constructing the wall conforms to the invention in that at least one hole into which said at least one crosspiece is inserted is an opening hole through which said at least one crosspiece is capable of sliding.
[0041] Dans des modes particuliers de mise en œuvre, l'étape d'obtention comporte : [0041] In particular modes of implementation, the obtaining step comprises:
- un assemblage du dispositif pour la construction du mur, - an assembly of the device for the construction of the wall,
- un ajustement de l'écartement entre les montants du dispositif par coulissage le long de ladite au moins une traverse, au moins une traverse s'étendant au-delà d'un montant dans lequel elle a été insérée via un trou débouchant à l'issue dudit ajustement, - an adjustment of the spacing between the uprights of the device by sliding along said at least one crosspiece, at least one crosspiece extending beyond an upright into which it has been inserted via a hole opening into it resulting from said adjustment,
- une découpe de la partie de ladite au moins une traverse s'étendant au-delà d'un montant. - a cutout of the part of said at least one crosspiece extending beyond an upright.
[0042] Dans des modes particuliers de mise en œuvre, l'étape d'obtention comporte : [0042] In particular modes of implementation, the obtaining step comprises:
- une découpe de ladite au moins une traverse de sorte qu'elle ne s'étende au-delà d'aucun montant une fois insérée dans un trou de chacun des deux montants dudit dispositif pour la construction d'un mur, - a cutout of said at least one crosspiece so that it does not extend beyond any upright once inserted into a hole in each of the two uprights of said device for building a wall,
- une étape d'assemblage dudit dispositif. - a step of assembling said device.
Brève description des dessins Brief description of the drawings
[0043] D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention ressortiront de la description faite ci-dessous, en référence aux dessins annexés qui en illustrent un exemple de réalisation dépourvu de tout caractère limitatif. Sur les figures : Other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will emerge from the description given below, with reference to the appended drawings which illustrate an exemplary embodiment devoid of any limiting character. In the figures:
[Fig. 1] la figure 1 représente schématiquement un mode particulier de réalisation d'un dispositif selon l'invention pour la construction d'un mur en terre ; [Fig. 1] Figure 1 schematically represents a particular embodiment of a device according to the invention for the construction of an earth wall;
[Fig. 2] la figure 2 représente une vue en coupe, suivant une section transversale, du dispositif de la figure 1 ; [Fig. 2] Figure 2 shows a sectional view, along a cross section, of the device of Figure 1;
[Fig. 3] la figure 3 représente une vue en coupe, suivant une section transversale, du dispositif pour la construction d'un mur en terre selon un autre mode de réalisation ;[Fig. 3] Figure 3 shows a sectional view, along a cross section, of the device for constructing an earth wall according to another embodiment;
[Fig. 4] la figure 4 représente, sous forme d'ordinogramme, un mode particulier de mise en œuvre d'un procédé de construction d'un mur en terre, dans lequel est utilisé le dispositif des figures 1 et 2 ; [Fig. 4] Figure 4 represents, in flowchart form, a particular mode of implementation of a method of constructing an earthen wall, in which the device of Figures 1 and 2 is used;
[Fig. 5] la figure 5 représente schématiquement une vue en coupe, de dessus, du mur en terre achevé à l'issue de la mise en œuvre du procédé de la figure 4 ; [Fig. 5] Figure 5 schematically represents a sectional view, from above, of the earth wall completed after implementing the method of Figure 4;
[Fig. 6] la figure 6 représente schématiquement, selon une vue de face, le compartiment accueillant le dispositif avant que l'ensemble soit recouvert de terre ; [Fig. 6] Figure 6 schematically represents, in a front view, the compartment housing the device before the assembly is covered with earth;
[Fig. 7] la figure 7 est une vue rapprochée de trois quart du compartiment accueillant le dispositif de la figure 6 ; [Fig. 7] Figure 7 is a close-up three-quarter view of the compartment housing the device of Figure 6;
[Fig. 8] la figure 8 représente schématiquement le dispositif de la figure 1 dans un état final prêt à être agencé dans un compartiment d'une ossature en bois. [Fig. 8] Figure 8 schematically represents the device of Figure 1 in a final state ready to be arranged in a compartment of a wooden frame.
Description de modes de réalisation Description of embodiments
[0044] La figure 1 représente schématiquement un mode particulier de réalisation d'un dispositif 100 selon l'invention pour la construction d'un mur par projection d'un mélange comportant un ou plusieurs matériaux géosourcés et/ou biosourcés. La figure 1 correspond plus particulièrement à une vue de trois quart dudit dispositif 100. [0045] La suite de la description vise plus spécifiquement la construction d'un mur en terre (terre crue ou terre stabilisée par exemple). Ces considérations ne sont toutefois pas limitatives de l'invention, et rien n'exclut d'envisager tout mélange connu de l'homme du métier, comportant un ou plusieurs matériaux géosourcés et/ou biosourcés et apte à la construction d'un mur (exemple : mélange chanvre-chaux, mélange béton-fibres/granulats bois, etc.). [0044] Figure 1 schematically represents a particular embodiment of a device 100 according to the invention for the construction of a wall by spraying a mixture comprising one or more geosourced and/or biosourced materials. Figure 1 corresponds more particularly to a three-quarter view of said device 100. [0045] The rest of the description aims more specifically at the construction of an earth wall (raw earth or stabilized earth for example). These considerations are however not limiting to the invention, and nothing excludes considering any mixture known to those skilled in the art, comprising one or more geosourced and/or biosourced materials and suitable for the construction of a wall ( example: hemp-lime mixture, concrete-fiber/wood aggregate mixture, etc.).
[0046] Le dispositif 100 est configuré de sorte à pouvoir prendre place au sein d'un compartiment formé par une ossature en bois fixée à une surface murale. Ces aspects liés à l'agencement du dispositif 100 au sein d'un tel compartiment sont décrits plus en détails ultérieurement. The device 100 is configured so as to be able to take place within a compartment formed by a wooden frame fixed to a wall surface. These aspects linked to the arrangement of the device 100 within such a compartment are described in more detail later.
[0047] Tel qu'illustré par la figure 1, le dispositif 100 comporte des montants reliés entre eux par des traverses, ces montants et ces traverses étant tous réalisés en bois, ce qui contribue avantageusement à diminuer l'empreinte environnementale de la fabrication du dispositif 100. Aucune limitation n'est attachée à l'essence de bois pouvant être utilisée. Par exemple, il peut s'agir d'épicéa, de peuplier, de châtaignier, etc. [0047] As illustrated in Figure 1, the device 100 comprises uprights connected together by crosspieces, these uprights and these crosspieces being all made of wood, which advantageously contributes to reducing the environmental footprint of the manufacture of the device 100. No limitation is attached to the type of wood that can be used. For example, it can be spruce, poplar, chestnut, etc.
[0048] Plus particulièrement, dans ce mode de réalisation, le dispositif 100 comporte deux montants, un premier montant 110 ainsi qu'un deuxième montant 120, de formes parallélépipédiques et parallèles entre eux, ainsi que cinq traverses 131, 132, 133, 134, 135 (sensiblement) parallèles entre elles. [0048] More particularly, in this embodiment, the device 100 comprises two uprights, a first upright 110 as well as a second upright 120, of parallelepiped shapes and parallel to each other, as well as five crosspieces 131, 132, 133, 134 , 135 (approximately) parallel to each other.
[0049] Le choix selon lequel les montants 110, 120 et traverses 131-135 sont réalisés en bois ne constitue qu'une variante de réalisation de l'invention, encore d'autres variantes pouvant être envisagées (exemple : acier). D'une manière générale, aucune limitation n'est attachée au matériau utilisé pour lesdits montants 110, 120 et traverses 131-135. En outre, rien n'exclut non plus d'envisager au moins deux traverses et/ou les deux montants réalisés dans des matériaux distincts. [0049] The choice according to which the uprights 110, 120 and crosspieces 131-135 are made of wood constitutes only one alternative embodiment of the invention, other variants being possible (example: steel). Generally speaking, no limitation is attached to the material used for said uprights 110, 120 and crosspieces 131-135. In addition, nothing excludes considering at least two crosspieces and/or the two uprights made of separate materials.
[0050] Dans le mode de réalisation de la figure 1, chacun des montants 110, 120 comporte une face munie de trous. Plus particulièrement, et tel qu'illustré par la figure 1, le premier montant 110 (respectivement le deuxième montant 121) comporte une face 111 munie de cinq trous 111_1, 111_2, 111_3, 111_4, 111_5 (respectivement une face 121 munie de cinq trous 121_1, 121_2, 121_3, 121_4, 121_5), lesdites faces 111, 121 trouées étant positionnées en vis-à-vis l'une de l'autre. De plus, les trous d'une face 111, 121 sont répartis périodiquement (i.e. avec un écart contant entre les trous, par exemple un écart égal à 200 mm) dans la longueur de celle-ci, tout en étant (sensiblement) alignés ainsi que centrés dans la largeur de ladite face 111, 121. [0050] In the embodiment of Figure 1, each of the uprights 110, 120 has a face provided with holes. More particularly, and as illustrated in Figure 1, the first upright 110 (respectively the second upright 121) has a face 111 provided with five holes 111_1, 111_2, 111_3, 111_4, 111_5 (respectively a face 121 provided with five holes 121_1, 121_2, 121_3, 121_4, 121_5), said faces 111, 121 with holes being positioned opposite each other. In addition, the holes on a face 111, 121 are distributed periodically (ie with a constant gap between the holes, for example a gap equal to 200 mm) in the length thereof, while being (substantially) aligned as well as centered in the width of said face 111, 121.
[0051] Les trous 111J, 121J (i étant un indice entier compris entre 1 et 5) de chacune desdites faces 111, 121 sont en outre configurés de sorte que les traverses 131-135 y sont insérées. Plus particulièrement, chaque traverse 131-135 est insérée dans un trou de chacun des montants 110, 120, les deux trous dans lesquels est insérée une traverse étant situés en vis-à-vis l'un de l'autre (dans la figure 1, la traverse 131 est insérée dans les trous 111_1 et 121_1, la traverse 132 est insérée dans les trous 111_2 et 121_2, etc.). The holes 111J, 121J (i being an integer index between 1 and 5) of each of said faces 111, 121 are further configured so that the crosspieces 131-135 are inserted there. More particularly, each crosspiece 131-135 is inserted into a hole in each of the uprights 110, 120, the two holes in which a crosspiece is inserted being located opposite each other (in Figure 1 , the crosspiece 131 is inserted into the holes 111_1 and 121_1, the crosspiece 132 is inserted into the holes 111_2 and 121_2, etc.).
[0052] Il convient de noter qu'aucune limitation n'est attachée à l'écart entre deux trous d'une même face 111, 121, ni même à l'alignement des trous entre eux sur une même face 111, 121, dès lors que les traverses 131-135 peuvent être chacune insérée dans deux trous respectifs desdites faces 111, 121 tout en étant (sensiblement) parallèles entre elles. [0052] It should be noted that no limitation is attached to the distance between two holes on the same face 111, 121, nor even to the alignment of the holes with each other on the same face 111, 121, from while the crosspieces 131-135 can each be inserted into two respective holes of said faces 111, 121 while being (substantially) parallel to each other.
[0053] Cela étant, dans la mesure où le dispositif 100 est destiné à être utilisé pour la construction d'un mur par projection de terre, on comprend de manière implicite que l'écart (vertical) entre deux traverses adjacentes est configuré de sorte à permettre un passage de la terre projetée celles-ci. Dit encore autrement, les traverses du dispositif 100 ne sont pas en contact deux à deux, chaque traverse présentant avec une traverse qui lui est adjacente un écart suffisant pour permettre le passage de la terre lors d'une étape de projection. Bien entendu, les écarts entre traverses adjacentes ne sont pas nécessairement tous identiques. A titre d'exemple nullement limitatif, l'écart entre deux traverses adjacentes est compris entre 100mm et 300mm, préférentiellement égal à 200mm. [0053] This being said, to the extent that the device 100 is intended to be used for the construction of a wall by projection of earth, it is understood implicitly that the (vertical) distance between two adjacent sleepers is configured so to allow passage of the earth thrown over them. In other words, the crosspieces of the device 100 are not in contact two by two, each crosspiece having a sufficient distance from a crosspiece adjacent to it to allow the passage of the earth during a projection step. Of course, the gaps between adjacent sleepers are not necessarily all identical. As a non-limiting example, the distance between two adjacent sleepers is between 100mm and 300mm, preferably equal to 200mm.
[0054] Dans le mode de réalisation de la figure 1, les trous 121J de la face 121 du deuxième montant 120 sont tous débouchants. Par « débouchants », il est classiquement fait référence au fait que chacun desdits trous 121J traverse de part en part le deuxième montant 120 à partir de la face 121. De cette manière, les traverses 131-135 peuvent coulisser au travers desdits trous 121J. Dit encore autrement, il est possible d'ajuster la position du deuxième montant 120 en le faisant coulisser horizontalement le long des traverses 131-135. De telles dispositions sont particulièrement avantageuses dans la mesure où elles permettent de régler l'écart entre le premier et le deuxième montants 110, 120, ce qui permet d'obtenir un dispositif 100 parfaitement adapté à la largeur d'un compartiment dans lequel il se destine à être fixé. [0054] In the embodiment of Figure 1, the holes 121J of the face 121 of the second upright 120 all open out. By “through-outs”, reference is conventionally made to the fact that each of said holes 121J passes right through the second upright 120 from face 121. In this way, the crosspieces 131-135 can slide through said holes 121J. In other words, it is possible to adjust the position of the second upright 120 by sliding it horizontally along the crosspieces 131-135. Such arrangements are particularly advantageous insofar as they make it possible to adjust the gap between the first and second amounts 110, 120, which makes it possible to obtain a device 100 perfectly adapted to the width of a compartment in which it is intended to be fixed.
[0055] Les trous 111 J du premier montant 110, quant à eux, sont tous borgnes dans le mode de réalisation décrit ici. Par « borgnes », on fait classiquement référence au fait que les trous 111 J ne sont pas débouchants. The holes 111 J of the first upright 110, for their part, are all blind in the embodiment described here. By “blind”, we conventionally refer to the fact that the holes 111 J do not open.
[0056] En définitive, pour ce qui est du présent mode de réalisation, il résulte de ce qui précède que chaque traverse 131-135 est insérée dans un trou borgne 111J du premier montant 110 ainsi que dans un trou débouchant 121J du deuxième montant 120. Une telle alternance de configuration des trous dans lesquels est insérée une traverse est avantageuse en ce qu'elle facilite le réglage de l'écart entre les deux montants 110, 120, dans la mesure où le premier montant 110 reste fixe. [0056] Ultimately, with regard to the present embodiment, it follows from the above that each crosspiece 131-135 is inserted into a blind hole 111J of the first upright 110 as well as into an through hole 121J of the second upright 120 Such an alternation of configuration of the holes in which a crosspiece is inserted is advantageous in that it facilitates the adjustment of the distance between the two uprights 110, 120, to the extent that the first upright 110 remains fixed.
[0057] Il importe toutefois de noter que la configuration des trous (borgne, débouchant) telle que décrite en référence à la figure 1 n'est pas limitative de l'invention. Ainsi, rien n'exclut de considérer, suivant d'autres exemples non décrits en détails ici, que seule une partie des trous du deuxième montant 120 sont débouchants, les autres trous dudit deuxième montant 120 étant quant à eux borgnes. On comprend alors que pour ces autres exemples, si on souhaite pouvoir ajuster l'écart entre le premier et le deuxième montants 110, 120, il convient de réduire le nombre de traverses utilisées, de sorte à exploiter uniquement les trous débouchants. [0057] It is important to note, however, that the configuration of the holes (blind, through) as described with reference to Figure 1 is not limiting to the invention. Thus, nothing excludes considering, following other examples not described in detail here, that only part of the holes in the second upright 120 are through, the other holes in said second upright 120 being blind. We then understand that for these other examples, if we wish to be able to adjust the distance between the first and the second uprights 110, 120, it is appropriate to reduce the number of crosspieces used, so as to use only the through holes.
[0058] Alternativement, ou en complément de ces autres exemples, il est également possible d'envisager que le premier montant 110 soit muni de trous débouchants (par exemple, le premier montant 110 et le deuxième montant 120 comportent tous les deux uniquement des trous débouchants). [0058] Alternatively, or in addition to these other examples, it is also possible to envisage that the first upright 110 is provided with through holes (for example, the first upright 110 and the second upright 120 both include only holes outlets).
[0059] En tout état de cause, pour permettre un ajustement de l'écart entre les deux montants 110, 120, au moins un desdits deux montants 110, 120 comporte un trou débouchant. [0059] In any case, to allow adjustment of the distance between the two uprights 110, 120, at least one of said two uprights 110, 120 has a through hole.
[0060] Dans le mode de réalisation de la figure 1, les traverses 131-135 présentent toutes une section transversale en forme de losange. Cela est représenté de manière plus distinctive dans la figure 2 qui correspond à une vue en coupe, suivant une section transversale, du dispositif 100. [0060] In the embodiment of Figure 1, the crosspieces 131-135 all have a diamond-shaped cross section. This is represented more distinctively in Figure 2 which corresponds to a sectional view, following a cross section, of the device 100.
[0061] Ainsi, et tel qu'illustré par la figure 2, chaque section transversale est agencée de sorte qu'une diagonale du losange est sensiblement parallèle aux deux montants 110, 120 (Le. parallèle aux grandes dimensions de chacun des deux montants 110, 120). De cette manière, les faces (planes) de chacune des traverses 131-135 sont non parallèles aux premier et deuxième montants 110, 120. De telles dispositions sont particulièrement avantageuses en ce qu'elles favorisent grandement l'accès de la terre à l'espace situé derrière chaque traverse 131-135 lors d'une étape de projection de terre. [0061] Thus, and as illustrated in Figure 2, each cross section is arranged so that a diagonal of the diamond is substantially parallel to the two uprights 110, 120 (The. parallel to the large dimensions of each of the two amounts 110, 120). In this way, the (planar) faces of each of the crosspieces 131-135 are not parallel to the first and second uprights 110, 120. Such arrangements are particularly advantageous in that they greatly favor access from the earth to the space located behind each crosspiece 131-135 during an earth projection step.
[0062] En outre, le fait de considérer une forme en losange, pour avoir la possibilité (suivant l'orientation de la traverse autour de son axe longitudinal) que les faces soient tous non parallèles aux montants, n'est pas limitatif de l'invention. En effet, il est possible de considérer d'autres modes de réalisation dans lesquels chaque traverse 131-135 présente une section transversale quadrilatérale convexe dont au moins une diagonale est un axe de symétrie, par exemple une section carrée ou en forme de cerf-volant, et est agencée de sorte qu'une diagonale formant ainsi axe de symétrie est sensiblement parallèle aux deux montants. [0062] Furthermore, the fact of considering a diamond shape, to have the possibility (depending on the orientation of the crosspiece around its longitudinal axis) that the faces are all non-parallel to the uprights, is not limiting to the 'invention. Indeed, it is possible to consider other embodiments in which each crosspiece 131-135 has a convex quadrilateral cross section of which at least one diagonal is an axis of symmetry, for example a square or kite-shaped section , and is arranged so that a diagonal thus forming an axis of symmetry is substantially parallel to the two uprights.
[0063] Par « forme de cerf-volant », on fait classiquement référence à un quadrilatère convexe qui possède deux paires de côtés adjacents isométriques et dont une des diagonales est un axe de symétrie. [0063] By “kite shape”, we conventionally refer to a convex quadrilateral which has two pairs of isometric adjacent sides and one of the diagonals of which is an axis of symmetry.
[0064] De manière plus générale, aucune limitation n'est attachée à la forme des sections transversales des traverses 131-135. A ce titre, toute forme quadrilatère convexe peut être envisagée (comme par exemple une forme rectangulaire, une forme trapézoïdale), mais également une forme triangulaire (avantageusement orientée de sorte qu'aucun côté ne soit parallèle aux deux montants 110, 120) ou bien encore circulaire, ou oblongue, ou ovoïde. More generally, no limitation is attached to the shape of the cross sections of the crosspieces 131-135. As such, any convex quadrilateral shape can be considered (such as for example a rectangular shape, a trapezoidal shape), but also a triangular shape (advantageously oriented so that no side is parallel to the two uprights 110, 120) or else still circular, or oblong, or ovoid.
[0065] Qui plus est, s'il est considéré dans le mode des figures 1 et 2 que les traverses 131-135 présentent toutes la même forme de section transversale, il reste bien entendu possible de considérer qu'une forme particulière de section transversale ne s'applique qu'à une partie seulement desdites traverses 131-135 (par exemple à une seule desdites traverses 131-135). [0065] What is more, if it is considered in the mode of Figures 1 and 2 that the crosspieces 131-135 all have the same shape of cross section, it remains of course possible to consider that a particular shape of cross section only applies to part of said sleepers 131-135 (for example to only one of said sleepers 131-135).
[0066] Dans le mode de réalisation de la figure 1, les trous 111J, 121J dans lesquels sont insérés une traverse 131-135 sont de formes adaptées à ce que ladite traverse est mobile en rotation autour de son axe longitudinal. De telles dispositions sont avantageuses en ce qu'elles permettent au dispositif 100, une fois agencé dans un compartiment de l'ossature en bois et fixé à celle-ci, d'apporter une cohésion mécanique à la structure murale dans son entièreté (surface murale, ossature en bois, mur en terre) sans pour autant rigidifier le tout. En effet, en demeurant mobile autour de son axe longitudinal, la traverse permet à la terre projetée de travailler par tassement vertical pour gagner en compacité mais également de travailler sans transmettre d'effort de torsion sur les montants (et donc in fine sur l'ossature en bois) une fois la terre séchée. [0066] In the embodiment of Figure 1, the holes 111J, 121J in which a crosspiece 131-135 is inserted are of shapes adapted so that said crosspiece is movable in rotation around its longitudinal axis. Such arrangements are advantageous in that they allow the device 100, once arranged in a compartment of the wooden frame and fixed thereto, to provide cohesion mechanical to the wall structure in its entirety (wall surface, wooden frame, earth wall) without stiffening the whole thing. Indeed, by remaining mobile around its longitudinal axis, the crosspiece allows the projected earth to work by vertical compaction to gain compactness but also to work without transmitting any torsional force on the uprights (and therefore ultimately on the wooden frame) once the earth has dried.
[0067] A titre d'exemple, et tel qu'illustré à titre nullement limitatif par la figure 2, les trous 111J, 121J dans lesquels sont insérés une traverse 131-135 sont circulaires et présentent un diamètre sensiblement supérieur à la plus grande diagonale du losange formant la section transversale de la traverse 131-135. [0067] By way of example, and as illustrated in no way limiting by Figure 2, the holes 111J, 121J in which a crosspiece 131-135 is inserted are circular and have a diameter substantially greater than the largest diagonal of the diamond forming the cross section of the crosspiece 131-135.
[0068] On comprend bien entendu qu'aucune limitation n'est attachée à la valeur de ce diamètre dès lors qu'une traverse 131-135 est mobile en rotation autour de son axe longitudinal. Par ailleurs, rien n'exclut de considérer des trous de formes autres que circulaire permettant d'assurer à une traverse une mobilité en rotation autour de son axe longitudinal. [0068] We understand of course that no limitation is attached to the value of this diameter since a crosspiece 131-135 is movable in rotation around its longitudinal axis. Furthermore, nothing excludes considering holes of shapes other than circular making it possible to ensure rotational mobility for a crosspiece around its longitudinal axis.
[0069] Au demeurant, rien n'exclut non plus de considérer qu'une ou plusieurs traverses ne sont pas mobiles en rotation autour de leur axe longitudinal. Cela est par exemple obtenu, lorsqu'une traverse présente une section transversale quadrilatère convexe ou bien triangulaire, en considérant des trous de formes identiques à ladite section transversale ainsi que de dimensions ajustées pour éviter tout mouvement en rotation. [0069] Moreover, nothing excludes considering that one or more crosspieces are not movable in rotation around their longitudinal axis. This is for example obtained, when a crosspiece has a quadrilateral convex or triangular cross section, by considering holes of shapes identical to said cross section as well as dimensions adjusted to avoid any rotational movement.
[0070] Le dispositif 100 a en outre été décrit jusqu'à présent essentiellement en référence aux figures 1 et 2. Il convient toutefois de noter que l'invention couvre encore d'autres modes de réalisation, notamment en termes de nombre de traverse et de nombre de trous. En particulier, rien n'exclut d'avoir plus de cinq traverses, ou bien moins de cinq traverses, comme par exemple une seule traverse. D'une manière générale, aucune limitation n'est attachée à ces aspects dès lors que les trous dans les montants sont en nombre suffisant pour assurer la mise en place d'un nombre de traverses souhaité. [0070] The device 100 has also been described until now essentially with reference to Figures 1 and 2. It should however be noted that the invention still covers other embodiments, in particular in terms of number of crosspieces and number of holes. In particular, nothing excludes having more than five sleepers, or less than five sleepers, such as for example a single sleeper. Generally speaking, no limitation is attached to these aspects as long as the holes in the uprights are sufficient in number to ensure the installation of a desired number of sleepers.
[0071] Suivant des considérations du même ordre, le fait d'avoir sur une face 111, 121 des trous centrés dans la largeur de ladite face 111, 121 ne constitue d'une variante de réalisation de l'invention. Ainsi, rien n'exclut d'envisager encore d'autres modes de réalisation selon lesquels au moins un trou ou chaque trou d'un montant 110, 120 est décentré dans la largeur de la face trouée 111, 121, le décentrage étant réalisé dans une même direction pour tous les trous décentrés d'une même face. Une telle alternative de réalisation est représentée, à titre nullement limitatif, par la figure 3 dans laquelle les trous 111J, 121J sont tous décentrés dans la même direction selon la largeur des faces 111, 121. De telles dispositions sont avantageuses dans la mesure où les inventeurs ont constaté que plus les traverses sont éloignées de la surface murale, une fois le dispositif 100 agencé dans un compartiment de l'ossature, moins il y a besoin d'effectuer de passages lors d'une étape de projection de la terre. [0071] Following considerations of the same order, the fact of having on a face 111, 121 holes centered in the width of said face 111, 121 does not constitute a variant embodiment of the invention. Thus, nothing excludes considering other embodiments according to which at least one hole or each hole of an amount 110, 120 is off-centered in the width of the holed face 111, 121, the off-centering being carried out in the same direction for all the off-center holes on the same face. Such an alternative embodiment is represented, in no way limiting, by Figure 3 in which the holes 111J, 121J are all off-centered in the same direction along the width of the faces 111, 121. Such arrangements are advantageous insofar as the inventors have noted that the further the crosspieces are from the wall surface, once the device 100 is arranged in a compartment of the framework, the fewer passages there is need to make during an earth projection step.
[0072] Selon un autre aspect, l'invention couvre également un kit (non représenté sur les figures) configuré pour l'assemblage du dispositif 100. [0072] According to another aspect, the invention also covers a kit (not shown in the figures) configured for assembling the device 100.
[0073] Il ressort de la description qui précède qu'un tel kit comporte les deux montants 110, 120 ainsi que les traverses 131-135. [0073] It appears from the preceding description that such a kit comprises the two uprights 110, 120 as well as the crosspieces 131-135.
[0074] Cela étant, le kit peut encore comprendre d'autres éléments, en particulier encore d'autres traverses. Plus particulièrement, le kit peut comporter par exemple une pluralité de traverses réparties en au moins deux ensembles, les traverses d'un ensemble étant de même longueur, et deux traverses appartenant respectivement à deux ensembles distincts étant de longueurs distinctes. [0074] This being said, the kit may also include other elements, in particular still other crosspieces. More particularly, the kit may comprise for example a plurality of sleepers distributed in at least two sets, the sleepers of one set being of the same length, and two sleepers belonging respectively to two distinct sets being of distinct lengths.
[0075] A titre d'exemple, le dispositif 100 illustré par la figure 1 comporte deux types de traverses, à savoir : [0075] By way of example, the device 100 illustrated in Figure 1 comprises two types of crosspieces, namely:
- les traverses 131 et 132 de longueur Ll, - crosspieces 131 and 132 of length Ll,
- les traverses 133, 134 et 135 de longueur L2, les longueurs Ll et L2 étant différentes l'une de l'autre. Dès lors, un kit adapté à l'assemblage d'un tel dispositif 100 comporte notamment deux ensembles de traverses, à savoir un premier ensemble comportant au moins deux traverses de longueur Ll et un deuxième ensemble comportant au moins trois traverses de longueur L2. - the crosspieces 133, 134 and 135 of length L2, the lengths Ll and L2 being different from each other. Therefore, a kit suitable for assembling such a device 100 comprises in particular two sets of crosspieces, namely a first set comprising at least two crosspieces of length Ll and a second set comprising at least three crosspieces of length L2.
[0076] Bien entendu, le kit apte à l'assemblage du dispositif 100 de la figure 1 peut encore comporter un ou plusieurs autres ensembles de traverses de longueurs distinctes, cet aspect n'étant nullement limitatif de l'invention. D'ailleurs, le fait de disposer d'un nombre important de tels ensembles facilite d'autant l'ajustement du dispositif 100 à différentes dimensions de compartiment dans l'ossature bois. [0076] Of course, the kit suitable for assembling the device 100 of Figure 1 may also include one or more other sets of crosspieces of distinct lengths, this aspect being in no way limiting the invention. Moreover, the fact of having a large number of such assemblies makes it easier to adjust the device 100 to different compartment dimensions in the wooden frame.
[0077] Un kit selon l'invention peut par exemple comporter une pluralité d'ensembles de traverses, par exemple deux ensembles, dont les longueurs s'échelonnent entre 300 mm et 600 mm. Toutes les traverses présentent par exemple, en section transversale, une plus grande dimension égale à 15 mm (par exemple, si la section transversale est en forme de losange, cette longueur de 15 mm est celle de la plus grande diagonale du losange). [0077] A kit according to the invention can for example comprise a plurality of sets of crosspieces, for example two sets, the lengths of which range between 300 mm and 600 mm. All the sleepers have for example, in cross section, a largest dimension equal to 15 mm (for example, if the cross section is diamond-shaped, this length of 15 mm is that of the largest diagonal of the diamond).
[0078] Bien entendu, rien n'exclut non plus d'envisager que le kit comporte plusieurs montants, éventuellement répartis suivant plusieurs ensembles selon leurs longueurs (comptées verticalement) et/ou leurs largeurs (comptées horizontalement) et/ou leurs profondeurs (comptées dans la largeur d'une face trouée). Par exemple, les longueurs peuvent s'échelonner entre 1000 mm et 2600 mm, les largeurs être sensiblement égales à 15 mm et les profondeurs être sensiblement égale à 50 mm. [0078] Of course, nothing excludes considering that the kit comprises several amounts, possibly distributed according to several sets according to their lengths (counted vertically) and/or their widths (counted horizontally) and/or their depths (counted in the width of a holed face). For example, the lengths can range between 1000 mm and 2600 mm, the widths can be substantially equal to 15 mm and the depths can be substantially equal to 50 mm.
[0079] En corrélation avec le fait que l'invention couvre un kit pour l'assemblage d'un dispositif 100 pour la construction d'un mur en terre tel que décrit précédemment, l'invention couvre également un procédé d'assemblage de ce dispositif 100 à partir du kit en question. [0079] In correlation with the fact that the invention covers a kit for assembling a device 100 for the construction of an earthen wall as described previously, the invention also covers a method of assembling this device 100 from the kit in question.
[0080] Un tel procédé d'assemblage comporte, de manière implicite et pour chaque traverse 131-135, une étape d'insertion de ladite traverse 131-135 dans deux trous 111J, 121J des premier et deuxième montants 110, 120. [0080] Such an assembly method comprises, implicitly and for each crosspiece 131-135, a step of inserting said crosspiece 131-135 into two holes 111J, 121J of the first and second uprights 110, 120.
[0081] Par exemple, toutes les traverses 131-135 sont dans un premier temps insérées dans les trous borgnes 111 J, puis, le deuxième montant 120 est coulissé le long des traverses 131-135, ces dernières étant dès lors insérées dans les trous débouchants 121J. [0081] For example, all the crosspieces 131-135 are initially inserted into the blind holes 111 J, then the second upright 120 is slid along the crosspieces 131-135, the latter then being inserted into the holes outlets 121J.
[0082] Selon un autre exemple, une première traverse 131-135 est insérée dans un trou borgne 111 J, puis le montant 120 est coulissé le long de cette traverse déjà insérée dans un trou borgne, cette dernière étant dès lors insérée dans un des trous débouchants 121J. A l'issue de ces opérations, les traverses restantes 131-135 sont insérées au travers des autres trous débouchants 12 IJ, pour d'abord traverser le deuxième montant 120, et ensuite venir s'insérer dans les autres trous borgnes 111J. [0082] According to another example, a first crosspiece 131-135 is inserted into a blind hole 111 J, then the upright 120 is slid along this crosspiece already inserted in a blind hole, the latter then being inserted into one of the through holes 121J. At the end of these operations, the remaining crosspieces 131-135 are inserted through the other through holes 12 IJ, to first pass through the second upright 120, and then be inserted into the other blind holes 111J.
[0083] D'une manière générale, aucune limitation n'est attachée à la manière dont le dispositif 100 peut être assemblé à partir d'un kit selon l'invention, et l'homme du métier sait mettre en œuvre un tel procédé d'assemblage. [0083] Generally speaking, no limitation is attached to the way in which the device 100 can be assembled from a kit according to the invention, and those skilled in the art know how to implement such a method. 'assembly.
[0084] En outre il importe de noter que la notion « d'assemblage » fait ici référence au fait d'insérer les traverses dans les montants. On comprend toutefois qu'en fonction des longueurs des traverses disponibles dans le kit, il est possible que tout ou partie des traverses s'étendent au-delà du montant muni de trous débouchants, comme cela est illustré à titre nullement limitatif par la figure 1. Dans ce cas, on comprend également qu'une fois l'écartement (horizontal) entre les montants réglé pour agencer le dispositif dans le compartiment qui lui est destiné, une découpe peut s'imposer pour les traverses continuant à s'étendre au-delà du montant muni de trous débouchants. A l'inverse, rien n'exclut qu'une fois l'assemblage du dispositif terminé, l'écartement entre ces montants soit d'ores et déjà adapté à l'agencement dans le compartiment, cet aspect dépendant également des longueurs des traverses fournies dans le kit ou bien encore du fait qu'une étape de découpe appropriée ait été réalisée avant l'insertion des traverses dans les montants. [0084] Furthermore, it is important to note that the notion of “assembly” here refers to the fact of inserting the crosspieces into the uprights. However, we understand that depending of the lengths of the crosspieces available in the kit, it is possible that all or part of the crosspieces extend beyond the upright provided with through holes, as this is illustrated in no way limiting in Figure 1. In this case, we understand also that once the (horizontal) spacing between the uprights has been adjusted to arrange the device in the compartment intended for it, a cut may be necessary for the crosspieces continuing to extend beyond the upright provided with through-holes . Conversely, nothing excludes that once the assembly of the device is completed, the spacing between these amounts is already adapted to the arrangement in the compartment, this aspect also depending on the lengths of the crosspieces provided in the kit or even due to the fact that an appropriate cutting step has been carried out before inserting the crosspieces into the uprights.
[0085] Dès lors, une fois le dispositif assemblé, il devient alors possible de l'utiliser pour construire un mur en terre, via la mise en œuvre d'un procédé de construction selon l'invention. [0085] Therefore, once the device is assembled, it then becomes possible to use it to build an earthen wall, via the implementation of a construction method according to the invention.
[0086] La figure 4 représente, sous forme d'ordinogramme, un mode particulier de mise en œuvre dudit procédé de construction d'un mur en terre, dans lequel est utilisé le dispositif 100 des figures 1 et 2. [0086] Figure 4 represents, in flowchart form, a particular mode of implementing said method of constructing an earthen wall, in which the device 100 of Figures 1 and 2 is used.
[0087] Pour la mise en œuvre du procédé de construction de la figure 4, on considère de manière nullement limitative que la surface murale est une surface formée d'une pluralité de couches, dont notamment une couche en matière dure formée par un panneau en bois OSB (« Oriented Strand Board » en anglais) ainsi qu'au moins une couche isolante contre laquelle l'ossature en bois est destinée à être fixée et recevant la projection de terre. [0087] For the implementation of the construction method of Figure 4, we consider in no way limiting that the wall surface is a surface formed of a plurality of layers, including in particular a layer of hard material formed by a panel made of OSB wood (“Oriented Strand Board” in English) as well as at least one insulating layer against which the wooden frame is intended to be fixed and receiving the projection of earth.
[0088] La figure 5 représente schématiquement une vue en coupe, de dessus, du mur en terre achevé à l'issue de la mise en œuvre du procédé de la figure 4. Plus particulièrement, il est notamment possible de distinguer sur la figure 5 les différentes couches de la surface murale (panneau en bois OSB 10, lame d'air 20, couche isolante extérieure 30, voile travaillant 31, couche isolante 32 contre laquelle est fixée l'ossature en bois, terre projetée 40, pare-vapeur 50, couche isolante intérieure 60, lame d'aire 70, plaque de plâtre 80), ainsi que les montants 200, 300 de l'ossature en bois qui délimitent horizontalement le compartiment accueillant le dispositif 100. [0088] Figure 5 schematically represents a sectional view, from above, of the earth wall completed at the end of the implementation of the method of Figure 4. More particularly, it is notably possible to distinguish in Figure 5 the different layers of the wall surface (OSB wooden panel 10, air gap 20, exterior insulating layer 30, working veil 31, insulating layer 32 against which the wooden frame is fixed, projected earth 40, vapor barrier 50 , interior insulating layer 60, surface area 70, plasterboard 80), as well as the uprights 200, 300 of the wooden frame which horizontally delimit the compartment housing the device 100.
[0089] La figure 6. quant à elle, représente schématiquement, selon une vue de face, le compartiment accueillant le dispositif 100 avant que l'ensemble soit recouvert de terre. Comme cela peut être observé sur la figure 6, le compartiment en question est délimité horizontalement par les deux montants 200, 300, ainsi que par une traverse supérieure 400 et le sol. [0089] Figure 6, for its part, schematically represents, in a front view, the compartment accommodating the device 100 before the assembly is covered with earth. As can be observed in Figure 6, the compartment in question is delimited horizontally by the two uprights 200, 300, as well as by an upper crosspiece 400 and the ground.
[0090] La figure 7 est une vue rapprochée de trois quart du compartiment accueillant le dispositif 100 de la figure 6. [0090] Figure 7 is a close-up three-quarter view of the compartment housing the device 100 of Figure 6.
[0091] Tel qu'illustré par la figure 4, le procédé de construction comporte tout d'abord une étape E10 d'obtention du dispositif 100. Cette étape d'obtention E10 est mise en œuvre de sorte qu'une fois achevée, l'écartement entre les montants 110, 120 du dispositif 100 est adapté à ce que la largeur externe du dispositif 100 (i.e. la largeur comptée entre les bords les plus éloignés des montants 110, 120) est égale à la largeur interne du compartiment (i.e. la largeur comptée entre les faces des montants 200, 300 placées en vis-à-vis l'une de l'autre). [0091] As illustrated in Figure 4, the construction method firstly comprises a step E10 of obtaining the device 100. This step of obtaining E10 is implemented so that once completed, the The spacing between the uprights 110, 120 of the device 100 is adapted so that the external width of the device 100 (i.e. the width counted between the most distant edges of the uprights 110, 120) is equal to the internal width of the compartment (i.e. the width counted between the faces of the uprights 200, 300 placed opposite each other).
[0092] Plus particulièrement, dans le mode de mise en œuvre décrit ici, l'étape d'obtention E10 comporte : [0092] More particularly, in the mode of implementation described here, the step of obtaining E10 comprises:
- un assemblage E10_l du dispositif 100 pour la construction du mur en terre. En pratique, cette étape d'assemblage E10_l correspond au procédé d'assemblage précédemment mentionné pour lequel, une fois achevé, les traverses 131-135 sont toutes insérées dans les montants 110, 120, au moins les traverses 133, 134, 135 dépassant du deuxième montant 120. En outre, à ce stade du procédé de construction, l'écart entre les montants 110, 120 n'est pas encore ajusté, - an assembly E10_l of device 100 for the construction of the earth wall. In practice, this assembly step E10_l corresponds to the assembly process previously mentioned for which, once completed, the crosspieces 131-135 are all inserted into the uprights 110, 120, at least the crosspieces 133, 134, 135 protruding from the second upright 120. Furthermore, at this stage of the construction process, the difference between the uprights 110, 120 is not yet adjusted,
- un ajustement E10_2 de l'écartement entre les montants 110, 120 du dispositif 100 par coulissage du deuxième montant 120 le long des traverses 131-135. A l'issue de cette étape d'ajustement E10_2, dans le présent mode de mise en œuvre, le dispositif 100 est conforme à la figure 1, à savoir donc que les traverses 131-135 s'étendent toutes au-delà du deuxième montant 120, - an adjustment E10_2 of the spacing between the uprights 110, 120 of the device 100 by sliding the second upright 120 along the crosspieces 131-135. At the end of this adjustment step E10_2, in the present mode of implementation, the device 100 conforms to Figure 1, namely that the crosspieces 131-135 all extend beyond the second upright 120,
- une découpe E10_3 des parties des traverses 131-135 s'étendant au-delà du deuxième montant. Le résultat de cette étape E10_3 est illustré schématiquement par la figure 8. On note que la découpe s'effectue à ras du deuxième montant 120, afin que ce dernier puisse effectivement être fixé en appui contre le montant 300 du compartiment. - a cutout E10_3 of the parts of the crosspieces 131-135 extending beyond the second upright. The result of this step E10_3 is illustrated schematically in Figure 8. Note that the cutting is carried out flush with the second upright 120, so that the latter can actually be fixed in support against the upright 300 of the compartment.
[0093] Aussi, une fois l'étape E10 d'obtention effectué, le procédé de construction comporte une étape E20 agencement du dispositif 100 dans ledit compartiment par fixation de chacun des montants 110, 120 du dispositif contre un montant 200, 300 dudit compartiment ainsi que par mise en contact des montants 110, 120 du dispositif 100 avec la surface murale (plus particulièrement ici avec la couche isolante 32 illustrée dans la figure 5). [0093] Also, once the obtaining step E10 has been carried out, the construction method comprises a step E20 arrangement of the device 100 in said compartment by fixing each of the amounts 110, 120 of the device against an amount 200, 300 of said compartment as well as by bringing the uprights 110, 120 of the device 100 into contact with the wall surface (more particularly here with the insulating layer 32 illustrated in Figure 5).
[0094] Dans l'exemple de la figure 5, une fois le dispositif 100 agencé fixement, les traverses 131-135 se trouvent à une distance sensiblement égale à 15 mm de la couche isolante 32 de la surface murale. Cette distance permet le passage de la terre derrière les traverses 131-135 lors de la projection. [0094] In the example of Figure 5, once the device 100 is fixedly arranged, the crosspieces 131-135 are at a distance substantially equal to 15 mm from the insulating layer 32 of the wall surface. This distance allows the earth to pass behind the sleepers 131-135 during projection.
[0095] La fixation entre les montants 110, 120 du dispositif 100 et les montants 200, 300 du compartiment est réalisée selon toute manière connue, de sorte à lier rigidement entre eux les montants. Par exemple, la fixation peut être réalisée grâce à un système de clous/vis/rivets. [0095] The fixing between the uprights 110, 120 of the device 100 and the uprights 200, 300 of the compartment is carried out in any known manner, so as to rigidly link the uprights together. For example, fixing can be achieved using a nail/screw/rivet system.
[0096] En définitive, une fois le dispositif 100 agencé de manière fixe dans le compartiment, le procédé de construction comporte une étape E30 de projection de terre contre la surface murale (i.e. du côté où se trouve l'ossature en bois). Cette projection peut être effectuée selon toute manière connue de l'homme du métier, par exemple manuellement ou bien grâce à des moyens mécaniques pour un gain de temps. La terre projetée recouvre alors le dispositif 100 qui fait alors partie intégrante du mur. [0096] Ultimately, once the device 100 is arranged in a fixed manner in the compartment, the construction process includes a step E30 of projecting earth against the wall surface (i.e. on the side where the wooden frame is located). This projection can be carried out in any manner known to those skilled in the art, for example manually or using mechanical means to save time. The projected earth then covers the device 100 which then becomes an integral part of the wall.
[0097] Une fois que la terre projetée a eu le temps de sécher, le mur en terre est conventionnellement recouvert d'une ou plusieurs autres couches, comme cela est représenté à titre nullement limitatif par la figure 5. [0097] Once the projected earth has had time to dry, the earth wall is conventionally covered with one or more other layers, as shown in no way limiting in Figure 5.
[0098] Le procédé de construction a été décrit jusqu'ici en considérant que l'étape d'obtention E10 mettait en œuvre un assemblage E10_l du dispositif 100 ainsi qu'une découpe E10_2 de traverses postérieures à cette étape d'assemblage E10_2. De telles dispositions ne sont toutefois pas limitatives de l'invention, et rien n'exclut d'envisager que l'étape de découpe des traverses soit réalisée avant l'étape d'assemblage. [0098] The construction process has been described so far by considering that the obtaining step E10 implemented an assembly E10_l of the device 100 as well as a cutting E10_2 of crosspieces subsequent to this assembly step E10_2. However, such arrangements do not limit the invention, and nothing excludes the possibility of the step of cutting the sleepers being carried out before the assembly step.
[0099] Par ailleurs, le terme « obtention » peut également faire référence au fait que le dispositif 100 a été préassemblé, éventuellement prédécoupé, et qu'il est fourni prêt à être agencé dans le compartiment. En outre, dans le cas où le dispositif 100 est obtenu préassemblé, de sorte à pouvoir être directement agencé dans le compartiment (i.e. aucun ajustement d'écartement entre montants n'est requis), rien n'exclut d'envisager que les trous pratiqués dans les premier et deuxième montants 110, 120 sont tous borgnes. [0099] Furthermore, the term “obtaining” can also refer to the fact that the device 100 has been pre-assembled, possibly pre-cut, and that it is supplied ready to be arranged in the compartment. Furthermore, in the case where the device 100 is obtained pre-assembled, so that it can be directly arranged in the compartment (ie no adjustment of spacing between uprights is required), nothing does not exclude the possibility that the holes made in the first and second uprights 110, 120 are all blind.

Claims

Revendications Claims
[Revendication 1] Procédé de construction d'un mur par projection d'un mélange comportant un ou plusieurs matériaux géosourcés et/ou biosourcés, par exemple un mur en terre, à partir d'une surface murale à laquelle est fixée une ossature en bois délimitant au moins un compartiment formé par au moins deux montants (200, 300), ledit procédé de construction comportant des étapes de : [Claim 1] Method of constructing a wall by spraying a mixture comprising one or more geo-sourced and/or bio-sourced materials, for example an earthen wall, from a wall surface to which a wooden frame is attached delimiting at least one compartment formed by at least two uprights (200, 300), said construction method comprising steps of:
- obtention (E10) d'un dispositif (100) pour la construction du mur, comprenant deux montants (110, 120) comportant chacun une face (111, 121) munie d'au moins un trou (111_1, 111_2, 111_3, 111_4, 111_5, 121_1, 121_2, 121_3, 121_4, 121_5), lesdites faces trouées étant positionnées en vis-à-vis l'une de l'autre, ainsi qu'au moins une traverse (131, 132, 133, 134, 135) insérée dans un trou de chacun des deux montants dudit dispositif, l'écartement entre les montants du dispositif étant adapté à ce que la largeur externe du dispositif est égale à la largeur interne du compartiment, - obtaining (E10) a device (100) for the construction of the wall, comprising two uprights (110, 120) each comprising a face (111, 121) provided with at least one hole (111_1, 111_2, 111_3, 111_4 , 111_5, 121_1, 121_2, 121_3, 121_4, 121_5), said perforated faces being positioned opposite each other, as well as at least one crosspiece (131, 132, 133, 134, 135 ) inserted into a hole in each of the two uprights of said device, the spacing between the uprights of the device being adapted so that the external width of the device is equal to the internal width of the compartment,
- agencement (E20) du dispositif dans ledit compartiment par fixation de chacun des montants du dispositif contre un montant dudit compartiment ainsi que par mise en contact des montants du dispositif avec la surface murale, - arrangement (E20) of the device in said compartment by fixing each of the uprights of the device against an upright of said compartment as well as by bringing the uprights of the device into contact with the wall surface,
- projection (E30) du mélange contre la surface murale. - projection (E30) of the mixture against the wall surface.
[Revendication 2] Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel chaque trou dans lequel est insérée une traverse du dispositif pour la construction du mur est un trou borgne. [Claim 2] Method according to claim 1, in which each hole into which a crosspiece of the device for constructing the wall is inserted is a blind hole.
[Revendication 3] Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le dispositif (100) pour la construction du mur est un dispositif (100) pour la construction d'un mur par projection d'un mélange comportant un ou plusieurs matériaux géosourcés et/ou biosourcés, par exemple un mur en terre, comprenant : [Claim 3] Method according to claim 1, in which the device (100) for constructing the wall is a device (100) for constructing a wall by spraying a mixture comprising one or more geosourced materials and/or biosourced, for example an earthen wall, comprising:
- deux montants (110, 120) comportant chacun une face (111, 121) munie d'au moins un trou (111_1, 111_2, 111_3, 111_4, 111_5, 121_1, 121_2, 121_3, 121_4, 121_5), lesdites faces trouées étant positionnées en vis-à-vis l'une de l'autre, - two uprights (110, 120) each comprising a face (111, 121) provided with at least one hole (111_1, 111_2, 111_3, 111_4, 111_5, 121_1, 121_2, 121_3, 121_4, 121_5), said holed faces being positioned opposite each other,
- au moins une traverse (131, 132, 133, 134, 135) insérée dans un trou de chacun des deux montants, ledit dispositif étant caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un trou dans lequel est insérée ladite au moins une traverse est un trou débouchant au travers duquel ladite au moins une traverse est apte à coulisser. - at least one crosspiece (131, 132, 133, 134, 135) inserted in a hole in each of the two uprights, said device being characterized in that at least one hole in which said at least one crosspiece is inserted is a hole opening through which said at least one crosspiece is capable of sliding.
[Revendication 4] Procédé selon la revendication 3, dans lequel l'étape d'obtention comporte : [Claim 4] Method according to claim 3, in which the obtaining step comprises:
- un assemblage (E10_l) du dispositif (100) pour la construction du mur, - an assembly (E10_l) of the device (100) for the construction of the wall,
- un ajustement (E10_2) de l'écartement entre les montants (110, 120) du dispositif par coulissage le long de ladite au moins une traverse (131, 132, 133, 134, 135), au moins une traverse s'étendant au-delà d'un montant dans lequel elle a été insérée via un trou débouchant à l'issue dudit ajustement, - an adjustment (E10_2) of the spacing between the uprights (110, 120) of the device by sliding along said at least one crosspiece (131, 132, 133, 134, 135), at least one crosspiece extending at -beyond an amount into which it was inserted via a through hole following said adjustment,
- une découpe (E10_3) de la partie de ladite au moins une traverse s'étendant au-delà d'un montant. - a cutout (E10_3) of the part of said at least one crosspiece extending beyond an upright.
[Revendication 5] Procédé selon la revendication 3, dans lequel l'étape d'obtention comporte : [Claim 5] Method according to claim 3, in which the obtaining step comprises:
- une découpe de ladite au moins une traverse de sorte qu'elle ne s'étende au-delà d'aucun montant une fois insérée dans un trou de chacun des deux montants dudit dispositif pour la construction du mur, - a cutout of said at least one crosspiece so that it does not extend beyond any upright once inserted into a hole in each of the two uprights of said device for the construction of the wall,
- une étape d'assemblage dudit dispositif. - a step of assembling said device.
[Revendication 6] Dispositif (100) pour la construction d'un mur par projection d'un mélange comportant un ou plusieurs matériaux géosourcés et/ou biosourcés pour la mise en œuvre du procédé selon la revendication 3. [Claim 6] Device (100) for the construction of a wall by spraying a mixture comprising one or more geosourced and/or biosourced materials for the implementation of the process according to claim 3.
[Revendication 7] Dispositif (100) selon la revendication 6, dans lequel chaque montant (110, 120) comporte une pluralité de trous répartis dans la longueur de sa face trouée (111, 121), les trous (121_1, 121_2, 121_3, 121_4, 121_5) d'un des deux montants étant tous débouchants, les trous (111_1, 111_2, 111_3, 111_4, 111_5) de l'autre montant étant tous borgnes ou tous débouchants, le dispositif comportant une pluralité de traverses (131, 132, 133, 134, 135) respectivement insérées dans un trou débouchant d'un montant et un trou borgne ou débouchant dudit autre montant. [Claim 7] Device (100) according to claim 6, in which each upright (110, 120) comprises a plurality of holes distributed along the length of its perforated face (111, 121), the holes (121_1, 121_2, 121_3, 121_4, 121_5) of one of the two uprights all being open, the holes (111_1, 111_2, 111_3, 111_4, 111_5) of the other upright being all blind or all opening, the device comprising a plurality of crosspieces (131, 132 , 133, 134, 135) respectively inserted in an through hole of an upright and a blind or through hole of said other upright.
[Revendication 8] Dispositif (100) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 ou 7, dans lequel au moins une traverse ou chaque traverse (131, 132, 133, 134, 135) présente une section transversale quadrilatérale convexe, ou triangulaire, ou circulaire, ou oblongue, ou ovoïde. [Claim 8] Device (100) according to any one of claims 6 or 7, in which at least one crosspiece or each crosspiece (131, 132, 133, 134, 135) has a quadrilateral convex, or triangular, cross section, or circular, or oblong, or ovoid.
[Revendication 9] Dispositif (100) selon la revendication 8, dans lequel au moins une traverse ou chaque traverse (131, 132, 133, 134, 135) présente une section transversale quadrilatérale convexe dont au moins une diagonale est un axe de symétrie, par exemple une section carrée ou en forme de losange ou en forme de cerf-volant, et est agencée de sorte qu'une diagonale formant ainsi axe de symétrie est sensiblement parallèle aux deux montants. [Claim 9] Device (100) according to claim 8, in which at least one crosspiece or each crosspiece (131, 132, 133, 134, 135) has a convex quadrilateral cross section of which at least one diagonal is an axis of symmetry, for example a square or diamond-shaped or kite-shaped section, and is arranged so that a diagonal thus forming an axis of symmetry is substantially parallel to the two uprights.
[Revendication 10] Dispositif (100) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 9, dans lequel les trous dans lesquels sont insérés une traverse (131, 132, 133, 134, 135) sont de formes adaptées à ce que ladite traverse est mobile en rotation autour de son axe longitudinal. [Claim 10] Device (100) according to any one of claims 6 to 9, in which the holes in which a crosspiece (131, 132, 133, 134, 135) are inserted are of shapes adapted to that said crosspiece is movable in rotation around its longitudinal axis.
[Revendication 11] Dispositif (100) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 10, dans lequel chaque trou d'un montant est centré dans la largeur de la face trouée (111, 121). [Claim 11] Device (100) according to any one of claims 6 to 10, in which each hole of an upright is centered in the width of the holed face (111, 121).
[Revendication 12] Dispositif (100) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 10, dans lequel au moins un trou ou chaque trou d'un montant est décentré dans la largeur de la face trouée (111, 121), le décentrage étant réalisé dans une même direction pour tous les trous décentrés d'une même face. [Claim 12] Device (100) according to any one of claims 6 to 10, in which at least one hole or each hole of an upright is off-center in the width of the holed face (111, 121), the off-center being made in the same direction for all the off-center holes on the same face.
[Revendication 13] Dispositif (100) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 12, dans lequel chaque montant (110, 120) et chaque traverse (131, 132, 133, 134, 135) est réalisé en bois. [Claim 13] Device (100) according to any one of claims 6 to 12, in which each upright (110, 120) and each crosspiece (131, 132, 133, 134, 135) is made of wood.
[Revendication 14] Kit comportant deux montants (110, 120) et au moins une traverse (131, 132, 133, 134, 135), et configuré pour l'assemblage d'un dispositif (100) pour la construction d'un mur par projection d'un mélange comportant un ou plusieurs matériaux géosourcés et/ou biosourcés selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 13. [Claim 14] Kit comprising two uprights (110, 120) and at least one crosspiece (131, 132, 133, 134, 135), and configured for the assembly of a device (100) for the construction of a wall by projection of a mixture comprising one or more geosourced and/or biosourced materials according to any one of claims 6 to 13.
[Revendication 15] Kit selon la revendication 14, ledit kit comportant une pluralité de traverses réparties en au moins deux ensembles, les traverses d'un ensemble étant de même longueur, et deux traverses appartenant respectivement à deux ensembles distincts étant de longueurs distinctes. [Claim 15] Kit according to claim 14, said kit comprising a plurality of crosspieces distributed in at least two sets, the crosspieces of one set being of same length, and two crosspieces belonging respectively to two distinct sets being of distinct lengths.
PCT/EP2023/066545 2022-06-21 2023-06-20 Device for producing a wall by spraying a mixture comprising one or more geosourced and/or biosourced materials WO2023247479A1 (en)

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FRFR2206109 2022-06-21
FR2206109A FR3136796A1 (en) 2022-06-21 2022-06-21 Device for manufacturing a wall by spraying a mixture comprising one or more geosourced and/or biosourced materials

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4829738A (en) * 1987-04-02 1989-05-16 Certainteed Corporation Loose-fill cavity insulation by pneumatic injection
US20130305643A1 (en) * 2012-05-18 2013-11-21 Nexgen Framing Solutions LLC Structural insulated panel framing system
US20200385976A1 (en) * 2019-06-10 2020-12-10 Roosevelt Energy, Llc Thermal break wood columns, buttresses and headers with rigid insulation

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4829738A (en) * 1987-04-02 1989-05-16 Certainteed Corporation Loose-fill cavity insulation by pneumatic injection
US20130305643A1 (en) * 2012-05-18 2013-11-21 Nexgen Framing Solutions LLC Structural insulated panel framing system
US20200385976A1 (en) * 2019-06-10 2020-12-10 Roosevelt Energy, Llc Thermal break wood columns, buttresses and headers with rigid insulation

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