WO2023233046A1 - Dual-axis single-column solar tracker - Google Patents

Dual-axis single-column solar tracker Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023233046A1
WO2023233046A1 PCT/ES2022/070339 ES2022070339W WO2023233046A1 WO 2023233046 A1 WO2023233046 A1 WO 2023233046A1 ES 2022070339 W ES2022070339 W ES 2022070339W WO 2023233046 A1 WO2023233046 A1 WO 2023233046A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rows
column
panels
hub
actuators
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PCT/ES2022/070339
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Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Manuel Lahuerta Romeo
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Manuel Lahuerta Romeo
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Publication date
Application filed by Manuel Lahuerta Romeo filed Critical Manuel Lahuerta Romeo
Priority to PCT/ES2022/070339 priority Critical patent/WO2023233046A1/en
Publication of WO2023233046A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023233046A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
    • F24S30/40—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement
    • F24S30/45—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement with two rotation axes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
    • H02S20/30—Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment
    • H02S20/32—Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment specially adapted for solar tracking

Definitions

  • the object of the invention is to achieve a structure equipped with two-axis solar tracking, which allows greater use of both the solar energy and the available land, by allowing machines with high unit power, of reduced height in relation to their size, to be executed. that minimize the spaces occupied by the shadows cast, increasing the power density (MW / ha), while allowing other simultaneous uses of the land.
  • the field of application of the present invention is both self-consumption installations connected to the grid that, in current Spanish legislation, allow up to powers of 100 kW with monthly net balance, and applications for direct solar pumping in installations isolated from the grid that use positive displacement pumps, as well as their optimal power/occupied surface ratio, the implementation of large photovoltaic parks or/and the repowering of existing photovoltaic parks, as well as unique installations, for example, those applied to vehicle recharging.
  • the market offers different designs of trackers with two-axis tracking.
  • the rotating structures are built on the mobile ring of a toothed and motorized bearing.
  • the azimuthal orientation that represents 75% of the gain for locations located between 30° / 60° parallels, is based on gear mechanisms, bearing crown, pinion, reducer driven by a motor with brake, mechanisms that, to maintain orientation, must withstand the thrust and torques caused by the action of the wind on the panel-holder grill, which generate mechanical breaks in the power train due to the irreversibility of the motor with brake.
  • the two-axis trackers on the market achieve their zenith focus by tilting the entire panel-carrying grid at angles ranging from 30° to 70°, which means great exposure to the wind and very long shadows cast, which which involves spacing out the followers, using large areas of land.
  • the present application for invention finds the solution to the problems posed, on the one hand, by replacing the geared motors with brakes for their azimuthal orientation with rotation and friction braking systems, and on the other, by arranging the zenithal orientation of the rows of panels, individually as “blind slats”, on a grill with a fixed slope (7 o ), instead of tilting the entire grill.
  • a solar tracker is designed to focus the solar collectors to increase their production.
  • the Earth moves with respect to the Sun at an average speed of 15° per hour, that is, you will have to wait 12 minutes to move 3 o .
  • solar collectors require a precision of +/- 6 or at which point they begin to lose performance. Therefore, a tracker structure must correct its azimuthal focus at intervals of less than 6 o . Since for small angles and large radii, the length of the arc is similar to the chord, for turns of 3 o in a radius of 0.75 m, the displacement of the linear actuator will be:
  • Azimuth tracking represents the majority of the gain (75%) for installations at latitudes close to the 40° parallel
  • the clamps will work alternately and synchronously in a “rope pull” mode.
  • the follower will always be braked by at least one clamp, since its objective is to maintain the position, while alternatively the one or the others move to occupy the new position. While this movement lasts, the brake caliper will be open and will not exert pressure on the fixed disc secured to the column. Once it reaches the new position, the clamp will close and the actuator will lock, thus holding the position of the follower.
  • Our design reduces wind thrust by offering a minimum cross-sectional profile, by carrying the panels lying down, grouped in rows on an inclined plane with a fixed angle (7 o ). At the same time, it reduces the thrust application arm by placing the bearing at the highest point of the inverted cube, close to the thrust center of the rotating grill.
  • the inverted cube will have the shape of an octagonal prism, from whose faces there will be eight arms, like spokes, with different inclinations, the whole of which forms the base of the rotating structure. On the ends of the eight arms there will be a flat surface formed by the three stringers where the rows of panels will be located, on labeled supports, like “blind slats”, at a variable distance between them to reduce shadows between rows. depending on the parallel location of the photovoltaic field which, ultimately, will determine the angles of the solar path. We will call the set of rows of panels a grid.
  • the lengths of the rows of panels will be distributed in different lengths in order to seek an elliptical shape contour, reducing the length of the north / south axis, and lengthening that of the east / west axis, in order to minimize the shadows cast, achieving a higher power density of the photovoltaic park.
  • Other contour shapes (circular, rectangular, etc.) can be achieved if desired.
  • the new two-axis single-pole tracker represents an innovative structure with construction characteristics unknown until now for this purpose, reasons that, together with its practical usefulness, provide the basis for obtaining the privilege of exclusivity requested.
  • Figure 1 shows a plan view of the structure of the follower according to the invention, in which the inverted cube (1) can be seen from which eight arms (2) radiate at different inclinations, on which the three rest. stringers (3) that form the inclined plane on which the rows (4) of the solar collectors (11) are spaced apart on supports with ball joints (12)
  • Figure 2 shows a profile view of the follower in which the structural assembly can be seen on the column (5) showing the brake disc (8) and the arms (2) at a different inclination, starting radially from the inverted hub.
  • (1) support the stringers (3) that form the inclined plane on which the rows of panels (4) are fixed on swivels (12) as “blind slats” synchronously oriented by a connecting rod-crank mechanism (13) driven by actuators (10).
  • Figure 3 shows section and profile of the assembly detail of the inverted hub (1) on the mobile ring of the bearing (7) located in the upper part of the embraced column (5). by the disc (8) on which the two or more negative brake calipers (9) integrated in the housing of two or more linear actuators (10) act, which cause both the azimuthal rotation and the maintenance of the position.
  • Figure 4 represents a detail of the overhead drive of the rows (4) of the solar collectors (11) in which you can see the support with a ball joint (12) on the stringers (3) that form the inclined plane.
  • the rows (4) of the solar collectors (11) are driven in unison by linear actuators (10) through a connecting rod/crank mechanism (13).
  • the selected panel is the Vertex 550 model with dimensions 2,380 x 1100 x 40 and a unit power of 550 watts.
  • the way to distribute the 200 panels will be in rows of different lengths to form an elliptical contour.
  • Each row (4) of solar collectors (11) will rest on three ball joints (12) screwed to the stringers (3) that form an inclined plane depending on the latitude of their location, which facilitates the zenith focus and minimizes the separation between rows (4) increasing the power density.
  • the stringers (3) as well as the rows (4) of panels will be sized with maximum lengths of 12 m for supply and transportation reasons. With these criteria, the grid of 200 panels in rows with an elliptical contour will have diameters of 25 m on the north/south axis, and 28 m on the east/west axis.
  • Each beam (3) will rest on three points screwed to the ends of the 8 radial arms (2) that converge on the inverted cube (1), joined at its bottom to the mobile ring of a large diameter bearing (7) located in the end of the column (5).
  • the weight on the bearing of the entire rotating part, including sensors, will amount to 15,000 kg «150 KN
  • the rolling diameter of the balls is 1005 mm with each ball being 20 mm, which will mean, according to the manufacturer's data, being able to withstand for this axial load of 150 KN and a tipping torque of 460 KN x meter (See Rotherde catalog , KD 600 series, model 062.20.1094.500.01 .1503).
  • This overturning torque is constant for axial loads of up to 300 KN, so the excess weight due to snow remains within the reserve margin of the bearing (7).
  • the overturning torque will be caused by the drag force of the wind when it affects the projected area in any direction (windward, leeward or profile).
  • the azimuthal rotation will be caused by the linear actuators (10), integral with the hub (1), which integrate, in their mobile casing, the negative brake calipers (9) that clamp the fixed disc (8) that embraces the column ( 5).
  • the linear actuators (10) will be fixed to the hub (1) using two pins, one at each end of the through stem, so that when acting, it will remain fixed, with the casing being the one to move.
  • Each housing will integrate into its structure a negative brake caliper (9) in such a way that through a sequence of signals from a programmer, two or more calipers (9) can be actuated alternatively and synchronously to make the rotating part of the follower move. azimuthally in one direction or another (swaying) without making a complete revolution and at the same time remaining fixed in a position for a certain time.
  • the moving part of the tracker will rotate at intervals of 3 o during the day in the East - West direction and will return to its starting position (ortho) at night.
  • the linear actuators (10) will be sized with a force lower than the drag force of the clamps (9) to, in no case, cause slippage and thus avoid premature wear.
  • the zenithal orientation will be achieved by attaching the rows (4) of the panel-holder tubes to a connecting rod-crank mechanism activated by linear actuators (10), electric or hydraulic, on a bar that synchronizes them. Control of the zenith angle is carried out using an inclinometer.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a dual-axis single-column solar tracker characterised in that it is a rotating structure built from an inverted hub (1) recessed at the bottom thereof in the movable ring of a bearing (7) that is secured to the end of a column (5), the azimuthal orientation mechanism of which uses the frictional force of two or more negative brake callipers (9) integrated in the housings of two or more through-rod linear actuators (10) secured to the hub (1). The tracker is rotated by alternatively and synchronously clamping and pulling the actuators (10) on a fixed brake disc (8) that fits around the column (5). Up to eight differently inclined arms (2) emerge radially from the periphery of the hub (1), the ends of said arms supporting three parallel stringers (3) that form a fixed inclined plane facing solar noon and on which the rows of panels (4) are transversely attached to ball and socket joints (12). The approach of each row to the zenith is synchronised by means of a connecting rod-crank mechanism (13).

Description

SEGUIDOR SOLAR MONOPOSTE A DOS EJES SINGLE-POLE SOLAR TRACKER WITH TWO AXIS
OBJETO DE LA INVENCIÓN OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
El objeto de la invención es conseguir una estructura dotada de seguimiento solar a dos ejes, que permita un mayor aprovechamiento tanto de la energía solar como del suelo disponible, al permitir ejecutar máquinas de gran potencia unitaria, de reducida altura en relación a su tamaño, que minimicen los espacios ocupados por las sombras arrojadas, aumentando la densidad de potencia (MW / ha), a la vez que permita otros usos simultáneos del suelo. The object of the invention is to achieve a structure equipped with two-axis solar tracking, which allows greater use of both the solar energy and the available land, by allowing machines with high unit power, of reduced height in relation to their size, to be executed. that minimize the spaces occupied by the shadows cast, increasing the power density (MW / ha), while allowing other simultaneous uses of the land.
Su diseño permite ejecutar grandes estructuras de reducida sección transversal al viento, que minimizan las fuerzas de arrastre, así como el impacto visual. Its design allows for the execution of large structures with a reduced cross-section to the wind, which minimizes drag forces, as well as the visual impact.
CAMPO DE APLICACIÓN SCOPE
El campo de aplicación de la presente invención son, tanto las instalaciones de autoconsumo conectadas a red que en la legislación actual española, permiten hasta potencias de 100 kW con balance neto mensual, como aplicaciones para bombeo solar directo en instalaciones aisladas de la red que utilicen bombas de desplazamiento positivo, así como por su óptima relación de potencia / superficie ocupada, la implantación de grandes parques fotovoltaicos o/y la repotenciación de parques fotovoltaicos existentes, así como instalaciones singulares, por ejemplo, las aplicadas la recarga de vehículos. The field of application of the present invention is both self-consumption installations connected to the grid that, in current Spanish legislation, allow up to powers of 100 kW with monthly net balance, and applications for direct solar pumping in installations isolated from the grid that use positive displacement pumps, as well as their optimal power/occupied surface ratio, the implementation of large photovoltaic parks or/and the repowering of existing photovoltaic parks, as well as unique installations, for example, those applied to vehicle recharging.
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓN BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
El mercado ofrece diferentes diseños de seguidores con seguimiento a dos ejes. En todos estos sistemas de seguimiento las estructuras giratorias se construyen sobre el aro móvil de un rodamiento dentado y motorizado. La orientación acimutal que representa el 75% de la ganancia para emplazamientos ubicados entre los paralelos 30° / 60°, se basan en mecanismos de engranajes, corona de rodamiento, piñón, reductor accionados por un motor con freno, mecanismos que, para mantener la orientación, deben aguantar el empuje y pares de torsión provocados por la acción del viento sobre la parrilla porta - paneles, que generan roturas mecánicas en el tren de potencia debidas a la irreversibilidad del motor con freno. The market offers different designs of trackers with two-axis tracking. In all these tracking systems, the rotating structures are built on the mobile ring of a toothed and motorized bearing. The azimuthal orientation that represents 75% of the gain for locations located between 30° / 60° parallels, is based on gear mechanisms, bearing crown, pinion, reducer driven by a motor with brake, mechanisms that, to maintain orientation, must withstand the thrust and torques caused by the action of the wind on the panel-holder grill, which generate mechanical breaks in the power train due to the irreversibility of the motor with brake.
Por otra parte, los seguidores a dos ejes existentes en el mercado consiguen su enfoque cenital basculando toda la parrilla porta - paneles en ángulos que abarcan entre los 30° a 70°, lo que supone gran exposición al viento y sombras arrojadas muy alargadas, lo que implica espaciar los seguidores, utilizando grandes extensiones de terreno. On the other hand, the two-axis trackers on the market achieve their zenith focus by tilting the entire panel-carrying grid at angles ranging from 30° to 70°, which means great exposure to the wind and very long shadows cast, which which involves spacing out the followers, using large areas of land.
Así pues, la presente solicitud de invención encuentra la solución a los problemas planteados, por una parte, sustituyendo los motoreductores con freno para su orientación acimutal por sistemas de giro y frenado por fricción, y por otra, disponiendo la orientación cenital de las filas de paneles, de forma individual a modo de “lamas de persiana”, sobre una parrilla de pendiente fija (7o), en lugar de bascular toda la parrilla. Thus, the present application for invention finds the solution to the problems posed, on the one hand, by replacing the geared motors with brakes for their azimuthal orientation with rotation and friction braking systems, and on the other, by arranging the zenithal orientation of the rows of panels, individually as “blind slats”, on a grill with a fixed slope (7 o ), instead of tilting the entire grill.
Cabe señalar que el peticionario es el inventor de las patentes n° ES 2 253 099 A1 y n° 200602516, desconociendo la existencia de otras patentes o máquinas que presenten características constructivas semejantes a esta. It should be noted that the petitioner is the inventor of patents No. ES 2 253 099 A1 and No. 200602516, unaware of the existence of other patents or machines that have similar construction characteristics to this one.
EXPLICACIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓN EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION
Un seguidor solar está diseñado para conseguir el enfoque de los captadores solares para aumentar su producción. La Tierra se mueve con respecto al Sol a una velocidad media de 15° por hora, es decir, habrá que esperar 12 minutos para mover 3o. Por su parte, los captadores solares requieren de una precisión de +/- 6o a partir de los cuales comienzan a perder rendimiento. Por tanto, la estructura de un seguidor debe corregir su enfoque acimutal a intervalos de menos de 6o. Como para pequeños ángulos y radios grandes, la longitud del arco es similar a la cuerda, para giros de 3o en un radio de 0,75 m, el desplazamiento del actuador lineal será: A solar tracker is designed to focus the solar collectors to increase their production. The Earth moves with respect to the Sun at an average speed of 15° per hour, that is, you will have to wait 12 minutes to move 3 o . For their part, solar collectors require a precision of +/- 6 or at which point they begin to lose performance. Therefore, a tracker structure must correct its azimuthal focus at intervals of less than 6 o . Since for small angles and large radii, the length of the arc is similar to the chord, for turns of 3 o in a radius of 0.75 m, the displacement of the linear actuator will be:
Are. tg 3o = i / 0.75; i = 0.039 m Es decir, la carrera del actuador encargado de girar los 3o será de 39 mm, actuación que se producirá a intervalos de unos 12 minutos. Se trata pues de una máquina que permanece orientada y frenada la mayor parte del tiempo. Are. tg 3 o = i / 0.75; i = 0.039 m That is, the stroke of the actuator responsible for rotating the 3 o's will be 39 mm, an action that will occur at intervals of about 12 minutes. It is therefore a machine that remains oriented and braked most of the time.
El seguimiento acimutal representa la mayor parte de la ganancia (75%) para las instalaciones en latitudes próximas al paralelo 40° Azimuth tracking represents the majority of the gain (75%) for installations at latitudes close to the 40° parallel
Para orientar el seguidor acimutalmente utilizaremos la fuerza de fricción generada por dos o más pinzas de freno sobre un disco fijo, integradas sobre la carcasa móvil de un actuador lineal de vástago pasante, solidario por sus extremos a la parte giratoria. Cada pinza dispone de dos pastillas de freno yuxtapuestas, que amordazan al disco por ambas caras. To orient the follower azimuthally we will use the friction force generated by two or more brake calipers on a fixed disc, integrated into the mobile casing of a through-stem linear actuator, secured at its ends to the rotating part. Each caliper has two juxtaposed brake pads, which clamp the disc on both sides.
Las pinzas funcionarán alternativa y sincronizadamente a modo de “tiro de soga”. El seguidor siempre estará frenado por al menos una pinza, ya que su objetivo es mantener la posición, mientras alternativamente la o las otras se desplazan a ocupar la nueva posición. Mientras dure este desplazamiento, la pinza de freno estará abierta y no ejercerá presión sobre el disco fijo solidario a la columna. Una vez llegue a la nueva posición, la pinza se cerrará y el actuador se bloqueará sujetando así la posición del seguidor. The clamps will work alternately and synchronously in a “rope pull” mode. The follower will always be braked by at least one clamp, since its objective is to maintain the position, while alternatively the one or the others move to occupy the new position. While this movement lasts, the brake caliper will be open and will not exert pressure on the fixed disc secured to the column. Once it reaches the new position, the clamp will close and the actuator will lock, thus holding the position of the follower.
Para girar (3o), todos los actuadores a la vez se desplazarán 0,039 m, aprovechando la fuerza de arrastre generada por la fricción de las pinzas sobre el disco fijo solidario a la columna. To rotate (3 o ), all the actuators will move 0.039 m at the same time, taking advantage of the drag force generated by the friction of the clamps on the fixed disc secured to the column.
Se trata pues de pinzas de freno negativas, es decir normalmente pinzadas por la acción de un muelle antagonista. Para abrir la pinza, será necesario ejercer una fuerza superior a la del muelle a través de una presión hidráulica o un electroimán. These are therefore negative brake calipers, that is, normally clamped by the action of an antagonist spring. To open the clamp, it will be necessary to exert a force greater than that of the spring through hydraulic pressure or an electromagnet.
Por otra parte, al tratarse de una estructura de gran dimensión (unos 800 m2) montada sobre una columna monoposte, interesará que tanto el peso propio como los momentos generados por el empuje del viento sobre el rodamiento de giro acimutal sean mínimos, ya que este rodamiento soportará toda la estructura giratoria. Por tratarse de una estructura con pesos equilibrados respecto a su centro de giro, el momento sobre el rodamiento será función del producto: On the other hand, since it is a large structure (about 800 m2) mounted on a single-post column, it will be important that both the self-weight and the moments generated by the wind thrust on the azimuthal gyration bearing are minimal, since this bearing will support the entire rotating structure. Since it is a structure with weights balanced with respect to its center of rotation, the moment on the bearing will be a function of the product:
Mto = Empuje del viento x brazo de aplicación Mto = Wind thrust x application arm
Nuestro diseño reduce el empuje del viento al ofrecer un perfil de sección transversal mínimo, al llevar los paneles acostados, agrupados en filas sobre un plano inclinado con ángulo fijo (7o). A su vez reduce el brazo de aplicación del empuje, al situar el rodamiento en el punto más alto del cubo invertido, próximo al centro de empuje de la parrilla giratoria. Our design reduces wind thrust by offering a minimum cross-sectional profile, by carrying the panels lying down, grouped in rows on an inclined plane with a fixed angle (7 o ). At the same time, it reduces the thrust application arm by placing the bearing at the highest point of the inverted cube, close to the thrust center of the rotating grill.
Como consecuencia de lo explicado, el punto de aplicación de la fuerza de arrastre del viento sobre la estructura giratoria se situará a 0,9 m por encima del rodamiento, resultando un brazo muy corto lo que garantiza la estabilidad del conjunto. Estas características se consiguen gracias al diseño de un cubo invertido que envuelve a la columna, de forma que los brazos parten de cotas inferiores a la del rodamiento. As a consequence of what has been explained, the point of application of the wind drag force on the rotating structure will be located 0.9 m above the bearing, resulting in a very short arm which guarantees the stability of the assembly. These characteristics are achieved thanks to the design of an inverted cube that surrounds the column, so that the arms start from levels lower than that of the bearing.
El cubo invertido tendrá forma de prisma octogonal, de cuyas caras partirán ocho brazos, a modo de radios, con diferente inclinación, cuyo conjunto forma la base de la estructura giratoria. Sobre los extremos de los ocho brazos se asentará una superficie plana formada por los tres largueros donde se ubicarán, sobre apoyos rotulados, a modo de “lamas de persiana”, las filas de paneles a una distancia entre ellas variable para reducir sombras entre filas, en función del paralelo de ubicación del campo fotovoltaico que, en definitiva, condicionará los ángulos de la trayectoria solar. Al conjunto de filas de paneles lo denominaremos parrilla. The inverted cube will have the shape of an octagonal prism, from whose faces there will be eight arms, like spokes, with different inclinations, the whole of which forms the base of the rotating structure. On the ends of the eight arms there will be a flat surface formed by the three stringers where the rows of panels will be located, on labeled supports, like “blind slats”, at a variable distance between them to reduce shadows between rows. depending on the parallel location of the photovoltaic field which, ultimately, will determine the angles of the solar path. We will call the set of rows of panels a grid.
Las longitudes de las filas de paneles se distribuirán en largos diferentes al objeto de buscar un contorno de forma elíptica, reduciendo la longitud del eje norte / sur, y alargando la del eje este / oeste, al objeto de minimizar las sombras arrojadas, logrando una mayor densidad de potencia del parque fotovoltaico. Otras formas de contorno (circular, rectangular, etc) podrán conseguirse si se desean. The lengths of the rows of panels will be distributed in different lengths in order to seek an elliptical shape contour, reducing the length of the north / south axis, and lengthening that of the east / west axis, in order to minimize the shadows cast, achieving a higher power density of the photovoltaic park. Other contour shapes (circular, rectangular, etc.) can be achieved if desired.
Por ejemplo, para una distancia entre filas de paneles de como mínimo 1 ,33 veces la anchura del panel, con un ángulo fijo de panilla de 7o, conseguiríamos una ganancia energética anual de hasta 39% sobre un panel fijo. Si utilizáramos el panel TRINA VERTEX 550 vatios de 2,4x 1 ,1 m, integraremos en una parrilla de forma elíptica 200 paneles con separación entre filas 1.47 m, totalizando 18 filas que alcanzarán 110 kWp, proporcionando una ganancia para la latitud 40° de +39% (PV-GIS) sobre un panel instalado en estructura fija. For example, for a distance between rows of panels of at least 1.33 times the width of the panel, with a fixed angle of 7 o , we would achieve a profit annual energy of up to 39% on a fixed panel. If we used the 2.4x 1.1 m TRINA VERTEX 550 watt panel, we would integrate 200 panels in an elliptical grid with a row spacing of 1.47 m, totaling 18 rows that would reach 110 kWp, providing a gain for the 40° latitude of +39% (PV-GIS) on a panel installed on a fixed structure.
Así pues, el nuevo seguidor monoposte a dos ejes representa una estructura innovadora de características constructivas desconocidas hasta ahora para tal fin, razones que unidas a su utilidad práctica, la dotan de fundamento para obtener el privilegio de exclusividad que se solicita. Thus, the new two-axis single-pole tracker represents an innovative structure with construction characteristics unknown until now for this purpose, reasons that, together with its practical usefulness, provide the basis for obtaining the privilege of exclusivity requested.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LOS DIBUJOS DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Para complementar la descripción que se está realizando y con objeto de ayudar a una mejor comprensión de las características de la invención, se acompaña a la presente memoria descriptiva, como parte integrante de la misma, de un juego de planos, que con carácter interpretativo y no limitativo se representa lo siguiente: To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, this descriptive report is accompanied, as an integral part thereof, by a set of plans, which with an interpretative and non-limiting, the following is represented:
La figura n° 1 muestra una vista en planta de la estructura del seguidor según la invención, en la que se aprecia el cubo invertido (1 ) del que parten radialmente ocho brazos (2) a diferente inclinación, sobre los que se apoyan los tres largueros (3) que forman el plano inclinado sobre el que se fijan espaciadamente las filas (4) de los captadores solares (11 ) sobre apoyos con rótula (12) Figure 1 shows a plan view of the structure of the follower according to the invention, in which the inverted cube (1) can be seen from which eight arms (2) radiate at different inclinations, on which the three rest. stringers (3) that form the inclined plane on which the rows (4) of the solar collectors (11) are spaced apart on supports with ball joints (12)
La figura n° 2 muestra una vista de perfil del seguidor en el que se aprecia el conjunto estructural sobre la columna (5) mostrando el disco de freno (8) y los brazos (2) a diferente inclinación, que partiendo radialmente del cubo invertido (1 ) soportan los largueros (3) que forman el plano inclinado sobre el que se fijan sobre rótulas (12) las filas de paneles (4) a modo de “lamas de persiana” orientadas sincronizadamente por mecanismo biela-manivela (13) accionados por actuadores (10). Figure 2 shows a profile view of the follower in which the structural assembly can be seen on the column (5) showing the brake disc (8) and the arms (2) at a different inclination, starting radially from the inverted hub. (1) support the stringers (3) that form the inclined plane on which the rows of panels (4) are fixed on swivels (12) as “blind slats” synchronously oriented by a connecting rod-crank mechanism (13) driven by actuators (10).
La figura n° 3 muestra sección y perfil del detalle de montaje del cubo invertido (1 ) sobre el aro móvil del rodamiento (7) ubicado en la parte superior de la columna (5) abrazada por el disco (8) sobre el que actúan las dos o más pinzas de freno negativas (9) integradas en la carcasa de dos o más actuadores lineales (10) que provocan tanto el giro acimutal como el mantenimiento de la posición. Figure 3 shows section and profile of the assembly detail of the inverted hub (1) on the mobile ring of the bearing (7) located in the upper part of the embraced column (5). by the disc (8) on which the two or more negative brake calipers (9) integrated in the housing of two or more linear actuators (10) act, which cause both the azimuthal rotation and the maintenance of the position.
La figura n° 4 representa detalle del accionamiento cenital de las filas (4) de los captadores solares (11 ) en el que se puede apreciar el apoyo con rótula (12) sobre los largueros (3) que forman el plano inclinado. Las filas (4) de los captadores solares (11 ) son accionados al unísono mediante actuadores lineales (10) a través de un mecanismo de biela / manivela (13). Figure 4 represents a detail of the overhead drive of the rows (4) of the solar collectors (11) in which you can see the support with a ball joint (12) on the stringers (3) that form the inclined plane. The rows (4) of the solar collectors (11) are driven in unison by linear actuators (10) through a connecting rod/crank mechanism (13).
REALIZACIÓN PREFERENTE DE LA INVENCIÓN PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
A la vista de las mencionadas figuras y de acuerdo con la numeración adoptada, se observa un modelo de realización preferente del seguidor solar monoposte a dos ejes de una potencia próxima a 110 kWp. In view of the aforementioned figures and in accordance with the numbering adopted, a preferred embodiment model of the two-axis single-pole solar tracker with a power close to 110 kWp is observed.
Como punto de partida seleccionamos un panel de rendimiento de al menos un 20%, ya que de esta manera necesitaremos ocupar menos superficie para conseguir dicha potencia. El panel seleccionado es del modelo Vertex 550 de dimensiones 2.380 x 1100 x 40 de potencia unitaria 550 vatios. As a starting point we select a panel with a performance of at least 20%, since this way we will need to occupy less surface area to achieve said power. The selected panel is the Vertex 550 model with dimensions 2,380 x 1100 x 40 and a unit power of 550 watts.
El número de paneles será par y por tanto divisible en series que no superen la tensión en circuito abierto del inverter. Por tanto decidimos agruparlos en 20 series de 20 paneles con una potencia pico de 200 x 550 = 110.000 vatios = 110 kWp al objeto de disponer de una potencia próxima a la buscada. The number of panels will be even and therefore divisible into series that do not exceed the open circuit voltage of the inverter. Therefore we decided to group them into 20 series of 20 panels with a peak power of 200 x 550 = 110,000 watts = 110 kWp in order to have a power close to the desired one.
La forma de distribuir los 200 paneles será en filas de diferente longitud para formar un contorno elíptico. Preferimos la forma elíptica por minimizar la sombra arrojada por las esquinas con respecto a otros seguidores próximos pudiendo así aumentar la densidad de potencia por terreno ocupado. The way to distribute the 200 panels will be in rows of different lengths to form an elliptical contour. We prefer the elliptical shape to minimize the shadow cast by the corners with respect to other nearby trackers, thus being able to increase the power density per occupied terrain.
Los captadores solares (11) se agruparán en filas (4) espaciadas para evitar sombrearse. Para minimizar las separaciones entre filas y los momentos debidos al empuje del viento sobre los paneles, estos se dispondrán acostados a modo de “lamas de persiana”. En nuestro caso la distancia entre filas para el modelo de panel mencionado será como mínimo 1100 x 1.33 = 1470 mm The solar collectors (11) will be grouped in rows (4) spaced apart to avoid shading. To minimize the separations between rows and the moments due to the push of the wind on the panels, these will be arranged lying down as “blind slats”. In In our case, the distance between rows for the mentioned panel model will be at least 1100 x 1.33 = 1470 mm
Cada fila (4) de captadores solares (11 ) se apoyará sobre tres rótulas (12) atornilladas a los largueros (3) que forman un plano inclinado en función de la latitud de su ubicación, que facilita el enfoque cenital y minimiza la separación entre filas (4) aumentando la densidad de potencia. Each row (4) of solar collectors (11) will rest on three ball joints (12) screwed to the stringers (3) that form an inclined plane depending on the latitude of their location, which facilitates the zenith focus and minimizes the separation between rows (4) increasing the power density.
Los largueros (3) así como las filas (4) de paneles se dimensionarán con longitudes máximas de 12 m por razones de suministro y transporte. Con estos criterios la parrilla de 200 paneles en filas de contorno elíptico tendrá unos diámetros de 25 m en el eje norte / sur, y 28 m en el eje este / oeste. The stringers (3) as well as the rows (4) of panels will be sized with maximum lengths of 12 m for supply and transportation reasons. With these criteria, the grid of 200 panels in rows with an elliptical contour will have diameters of 25 m on the north/south axis, and 28 m on the east/west axis.
Otras formas de contorno son posibles si así se desea. Other contour shapes are possible if desired.
Cada larguero (3) se apoyará en tres puntos atornillados a los extremos de los 8 brazos radiales (2) que convergen en el cubo invertido (1 ), unido por su fondo al aro móvil de un rodamiento (7) de gran diámetro ubicado en el extremo de la columna (5). El peso sobre el rodamiento de toda la parte giratoria, incluidos captadores, ascenderá a 15.000 kg «150 KN Each beam (3) will rest on three points screwed to the ends of the 8 radial arms (2) that converge on the inverted cube (1), joined at its bottom to the mobile ring of a large diameter bearing (7) located in the end of the column (5). The weight on the bearing of the entire rotating part, including sensors, will amount to 15,000 kg «150 KN
Se trata de un rodamiento (7) con dentado interior de 120 dientes por lo que cada diente supone un desplazamiento acimutal de 3607120 = 3o, que servirá para que el sensor cuenta dientes nos indique su posición acimutal. It is a bearing (7) with internal teeth of 120 teeth, so each tooth represents an azimuthal displacement of 3607120 = 3 o , which will allow the tooth counting sensor to indicate its azimuthal position.
El diámetro de rodadura de las bolas es de 1005 mm siendo cada bola de 20 mm, lo que supondrá, según datos del fabricante, poder soportar para esta carga axial de 150 KN y un par de vuelco de 460 KN x metro (Ver catálogo Rotherde, serie KD 600, modelo 062.20.1094.500.01 .1503). Este par de vuelco es constante para cargas axiales de hasta 300 KN, por lo que el sobrepeso debido a la nieve queda dentro del margen de reserva del rodamiento (7). El par de vuelco estará provocado por la fuerza de arrastre del viento al incidir sobre el aérea proyectada en cualquier dirección (barlovento, sotavento o de perfil). Considerando la sección máxima (sotavento) con viento de 30 m/s, supondrá una fuerza de 59.000 N obtenida a partir del programa FLOW - SolidWorks. Fuerza eólica que actuará con un brazo de 0,9 m lo que generará un momento de: The rolling diameter of the balls is 1005 mm with each ball being 20 mm, which will mean, according to the manufacturer's data, being able to withstand for this axial load of 150 KN and a tipping torque of 460 KN x meter (See Rotherde catalog , KD 600 series, model 062.20.1094.500.01 .1503). This overturning torque is constant for axial loads of up to 300 KN, so the excess weight due to snow remains within the reserve margin of the bearing (7). The overturning torque will be caused by the drag force of the wind when it affects the projected area in any direction (windward, leeward or profile). Considering the maximum section (leeward) with a wind of 30 m/s, it will mean a force of 59,000 N obtained from the FLOW - SolidWorks program. Wind force that will act with a 0.9 m arm which will generate a moment of:
Mto= 59.000 x 0,9 = 53.100 N = 53,1 KN x m, por tanto muy inferior al indicado por el fabricante de hasta 460 Kn x m, lo que supone un coeficiente de seguridad al vuelco de 8,6/1. Mto= 59,000 x 0.9 = 53,100 N = 53.1 KN x m, therefore much lower than that indicated by the manufacturer of up to 460 Kn x m, which represents a safety coefficient against overturning of 8.6/1.
El giro acimutal será provocado por los actuadores lineales (10), solidarios al cubo (1 ), que integran, en su carcasa móvil, las pinzas de freno negativas (9) que amordazan el disco (8) fijo que abraza a la columna (5). The azimuthal rotation will be caused by the linear actuators (10), integral with the hub (1), which integrate, in their mobile casing, the negative brake calipers (9) that clamp the fixed disc (8) that embraces the column ( 5).
Los actuadores lineales (10) se fijarán al cubo (1 ) mediante dos pasadores, uno a cada extremo del vástago pasante, de forma que al actuar, éste permanecerá fijo, siendo la carcasa a que se mueva. Cada carcasa integrará en su estructura una pinza de freno negativa (9) de tal manera que mediante una secuencia de señales procedentes de un programador se podrán actuar dos o más pinzas (9) alternativa y sincronizadamente para conseguir que la parte giratoria del seguidor se mueva acimutalmente en una u otra dirección (vaivén) sin llegar a dar una vuelta completa y a su vez permanecer fijo en una posición durante un tiempo determinado. The linear actuators (10) will be fixed to the hub (1) using two pins, one at each end of the through stem, so that when acting, it will remain fixed, with the casing being the one to move. Each housing will integrate into its structure a negative brake caliper (9) in such a way that through a sequence of signals from a programmer, two or more calipers (9) can be actuated alternatively and synchronously to make the rotating part of the follower move. azimuthally in one direction or another (swaying) without making a complete revolution and at the same time remaining fixed in a position for a certain time.
La parte móvil del seguidor girará a intervalos de 3o durante el día en la dirección Este - Oeste y retrocederá durante la noche a su posición de inicio (orto). The moving part of the tracker will rotate at intervals of 3 o during the day in the East - West direction and will return to its starting position (ortho) at night.
La fuerza de pinzado se ejercerá mediante arandelas muelle platillo DIN 2093 precomprimidas al 50% de su capacidad, para ejercer una fuerza de 60.000N sobre cada una de las dos pastillas de freno que abrazan al disco (8), de ahí que para un coeficiente de rozamiento en seco, entre ferodos y el disco de f=0.4 podrán soportar una fuerza de arrastre antes de deslizar de: The clamping force will be exerted using DIN 2093 plate spring washers pre-compressed to 50% of their capacity, to exert a force of 60,000N on each of the two brake pads that embrace the disc (8), hence for a coefficient of dry friction, between ferodos and the disc of f=0.4 will be able to withstand a drag force before sliding of:
2 x 60.000 x 0,4 = 48.000 N 2 x 60,000 x 0.4 = 48,000 N
Por tanto, seleccionando dos actuadores lineales (10) capaces de ejercer una fuerza de 2 x 20.000 N, para dos actuadores (10) situados a un radio de 0,75 m del eje de giro, el par de giro acimutal será de: 2 x 20.000 x 0,75 = 30.400 N x m Therefore, selecting two linear actuators (10) capable of exerting a force of 2 x 20,000 N, for two actuators (10) located at a radius of 0.75 m from the axis of rotation, the azimuthal torque will be: 2 x 20,000 x 0.75 = 30,400 N xm
Los actuadores lineales (10) se dimensionarán con una fuerza inferior a la de arrastre de las pinzas (9) para, en ningún caso, provocar deslizamientos y así evitar desgastes prematuros. The linear actuators (10) will be sized with a force lower than the drag force of the clamps (9) to, in no case, cause slippage and thus avoid premature wear.
La orientación cenital se logrará solidarizando las filas (4) de los tubos porta - paneles a un mecanismo biela-manivela accionado por actuadores lineales (10), eléctricos o hidráulicos, sobre una barra que los sincroniza. El control del ángulo cenital se realiza mediante inclinómetro. The zenithal orientation will be achieved by attaching the rows (4) of the panel-holder tubes to a connecting rod-crank mechanism activated by linear actuators (10), electric or hydraulic, on a bar that synchronizes them. Control of the zenith angle is carried out using an inclinometer.
Descrita suficientemente la naturaleza de la invención, así como la manera de ponerla en práctica, no consideramos necesario hacer más amplia su explicación para que cualquier experto en la materia comprenda su alcance y las ventajas que de ella se derivan, haciendo constar que dentro de su esencialidad, podrá ser llevada a la practica en otras formas de realización que difieran en detalle de la indicada a título de ejemplo, y a las cuales alcanzará igualmente la protección que se recaba, siempre que no se altere, cambie o modifique su principio fundamental. Having sufficiently described the nature of the invention, as well as the way of putting it into practice, we do not consider it necessary to make its explanation more extensive so that any expert in the field understands its scope and the advantages derived from it, stating that within its essentiality, may be put into practice in other forms of embodiment that differ in detail from the one indicated as an example, and to which the protection sought will also be achieved, provided that its fundamental principle is not altered, changed or modified.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1.- Seguidor solar monoposte a dos ejes, utilizado para aumentar la producción de los captadores solares, caracterizado por ser una estructura giratoria acimutalmente, construida a partir de un cubo invertido (1 ) con forma de prisma octogonal, de cuya periferia parten radialmente hasta 8 brazos (2) con diferente inclinación, cuyos extremos soportan tres largueros (3) paralelos, que forman un plano inclinado, sobre el que se fijan transversalmente las filas (4) de paneles de las longitudes que interesen, para conseguir una parrilla de diferentes contornos (elíptico, circular, rectangular, etc.). 1.- Two-axis single-pole solar tracker, used to increase the production of solar collectors, characterized by being an azimuthally rotating structure, built from an inverted cube (1) in the shape of an octagonal prism, from whose periphery they extend radially to 8 arms (2) with different inclinations, whose ends support three parallel stringers (3), which form an inclined plane, on which the rows (4) of panels of the lengths of interest are fixed transversely, to obtain a grill of different contours (elliptical, circular, rectangular, etc.).
El mecanismo de giro para su orientación acimutal aprovecha la fuerza de fricción de dos o más pinzas de freno negativas (9) integradas en la carcasa de dos o más actuadores lineales (10) de vástago pasante, solidarios al cubo (1 ). El giro se genera pinzando y tirando desde los actuadores (10), alternativa y sincronizadamente a modo de “tiro de soga”, sobre un disco de freno (8) fijo que abraza a la columna (5). The rotation mechanism for its azimuthal orientation takes advantage of the friction force of two or more negative brake calipers (9) integrated into the housing of two or more linear actuators (10) with a through stem, integral with the hub (1). The rotation is generated by clamping and pulling from the actuators (10), alternatively and synchronously as a "rope pull", on a fixed brake disc (8) that embraces the column (5).
La orientación cenital se logra solidarizando las filas (4) de paneles a un mecanismo biela-manivela (13) que las orienta sincronizándolas, a modo de “lamas de persiana”. io The overhead orientation is achieved by attaching the rows (4) of panels to a connecting rod-crank mechanism (13) that orients them by synchronizing them, like “blind slats”. io
PCT/ES2022/070339 2022-06-02 2022-06-02 Dual-axis single-column solar tracker WO2023233046A1 (en)

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Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20030094194A1 (en) * 2001-11-20 2003-05-22 Gilberto Mattiuzzo Device for converting solar radiation into electric power
ES2253099A1 (en) * 2004-09-03 2006-05-16 Manuel Lahuerta Romero Solar Tracker
EP2090848A1 (en) * 2006-12-05 2009-08-19 Soltec Energías Renovables, SL Biaxial solar tracker
ES2330703A1 (en) * 2007-09-07 2009-12-14 Manuel Lahuerta Romeo Tractor brake caliper (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
ES2334187A1 (en) * 2006-10-03 2010-03-05 Manuel Lahuerta Romeo Solar follower of three axes of great surface (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
EP2163834A1 (en) * 2008-09-12 2010-03-17 Massimo Venturelli Device for tracking solar radiation for panels used for absorbing the said solar radiation
WO2018090155A1 (en) * 2016-11-21 2018-05-24 Pontificia Universidad Catolica De Chile Solar tracking systems for blinds for solar collectors and associated methods

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20030094194A1 (en) * 2001-11-20 2003-05-22 Gilberto Mattiuzzo Device for converting solar radiation into electric power
ES2253099A1 (en) * 2004-09-03 2006-05-16 Manuel Lahuerta Romero Solar Tracker
ES2334187A1 (en) * 2006-10-03 2010-03-05 Manuel Lahuerta Romeo Solar follower of three axes of great surface (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
EP2090848A1 (en) * 2006-12-05 2009-08-19 Soltec Energías Renovables, SL Biaxial solar tracker
ES2330703A1 (en) * 2007-09-07 2009-12-14 Manuel Lahuerta Romeo Tractor brake caliper (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
EP2163834A1 (en) * 2008-09-12 2010-03-17 Massimo Venturelli Device for tracking solar radiation for panels used for absorbing the said solar radiation
WO2018090155A1 (en) * 2016-11-21 2018-05-24 Pontificia Universidad Catolica De Chile Solar tracking systems for blinds for solar collectors and associated methods

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