WO2023226390A1 - Thermal cracking apparatus and thermal cracking gas energy recovery method - Google Patents

Thermal cracking apparatus and thermal cracking gas energy recovery method Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023226390A1
WO2023226390A1 PCT/CN2022/140110 CN2022140110W WO2023226390A1 WO 2023226390 A1 WO2023226390 A1 WO 2023226390A1 CN 2022140110 W CN2022140110 W CN 2022140110W WO 2023226390 A1 WO2023226390 A1 WO 2023226390A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
cracked gas
energy recovery
cracking
quenching
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PCT/CN2022/140110
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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张来勇
孙长庚
李春燕
王勇
张霄航
沈洋
杨桂春
黄莺
陈婷
王彦飞
张晓飞
梁涛
蔡小翔
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中国石油天然气集团有限公司
中国寰球工程有限公司
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Publication of WO2023226390A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023226390A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
    • C10G9/002—Cooling of cracked gases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D21/0001—Recuperative heat exchangers
    • F28D21/0014—Recuperative heat exchangers the heat being recuperated from waste air or from vapors

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of chemical engineering technology, and in particular to a thermal cracking equipment and a thermal cracking gas energy recovery method.
  • the ethylene cracking raw material is heated through the cracking furnace. After reaching the cracking reaction temperature, the cracking reaction occurs, thereby generating ethylene products. This process is an endothermic reaction, and the temperature of the cracked product can often reach over 800°C. This part of the material has high temperature and high energy, so it needs to be energy recovered and comprehensively utilized.
  • a thermal cracking equipment and a thermal cracking method are provided, which can satisfy the requirements of cracking one or more different types of products in a cracking furnace. At the same time as raw materials, not only can the cracking raw materials be flexibly combined and switched, but also the energy of the cracking gas can be greatly recovered and reasonably utilized.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a thermal cracking equipment, including a thermal cracking furnace and multiple cracked gas heat energy recovery systems;
  • the cracked gas heat energy recovery system includes multiple heat exchangers, and each cracked gas heat energy recovery system includes a different number and/or type of heat exchangers;
  • the thermal cracking furnace is provided with multiple furnaces; each furnace is provided with at least one independent cracking channel, and the cracked gas outlet of one or more of the cracked channels is connected to the cracked gas inlet of the cracked gas thermal energy recovery system. .
  • embodiments of the present application provide a thermal cracking gas energy recovery method, including performing the following steps through the above thermal cracking equipment:
  • the cracking raw materials are thermally cracked through the cracking channel of the thermal cracking equipment;
  • the thermal cracking equipment provided in the embodiments of this application adopts diversified settings for the cracked gas heat energy recovery system of each thermal cracking furnace. According to the different feed composition and process requirements, the corresponding cracked gas can be reasonably set Thermal energy recovery system can make full use of the performance of different cracking raw materials and pyrolysis gas, and flexibly combine and switch them, thereby greatly recovering and utilizing the energy of the pyrolysis gas.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the thermal cracking equipment in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the cracked gas heat energy recovery system in the embodiment of the present application.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a thermal cracking equipment and a thermal cracking gas energy recovery method that can crack multiple different materials in one cracking furnace. raw materials, realizing flexible combination and switching of cracking raw materials, thereby greatly recovering and utilizing the energy of cracking gas.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a thermal cracking equipment, including a thermal cracking furnace 1 and multiple cracking gas heat energy recovery systems.
  • the cracked gas heat energy recovery system may be a combined multifunctional heat energy recovery system.
  • the cracked gas heat energy recovery system includes multiple heat exchangers.
  • each cracked gas heat energy recovery system in the thermal cracking equipment includes a different number and/or type of heat exchangers, so different heat recovery methods and/or energy utilization functions can be achieved.
  • the heat recovered by the cracked gas heat energy recovery system can be used to generate ultra-high pressure steam.
  • part of the heat recovered by the cracked gas heat energy recovery system can be used to provide heat for the quench oiler and/or the viscosity control tower.
  • At least one cracked gas thermal energy recovery system includes a first quenching heat exchanger 31 and a direct contact heat exchanger 34 connected to the first quenching heat exchanger 31 .
  • the heat energy recovery system includes a first quenching heat exchanger 31, a second quenching heat exchanger 32, a third quenching heat exchanger 32 and a direct contact heat exchanger.
  • Device 34 As an example that can be implemented, the first quenching heat exchanger 31 , the second quenching heat exchanger 32 , the third quenching heat exchanger 32 and the direct contact heat exchanger 34 are connected in sequence. Further optionally, the cracked gas inlet of the first quenching heat exchanger 31 is connected to the cracked gas outlet of at least one cracking channel of the thermal cracking furnace 1 .
  • the cracked gas is discharged from the cracked gas outlet of the cracking channel 2 and passes through the first quenching heat exchanger 31, the second quenching heat exchanger 32, the third quenching heat exchanger 32 and the direct contact heat exchanger 34 in sequence, and It is discharged from the cracked gas outlet of the direct contact heat exchanger 34.
  • the heat energy recovery system also includes a first quenching heat exchanger 31 and a direct contact heat exchanger 34 .
  • the cracked gas inlet of the first quenching heat exchanger 31 is connected to the cracked gas outlet of at least one cracking channel of the thermal cracking furnace 1, so that the cracking gas in the at least one cracking channel of the thermal cracking furnace 1 is The gas can enter the first quenching heat exchanger 31.
  • the cracked gas outlet of the first quenching heat exchanger 31 is connected to the cracked gas inlet of the direct contact heat exchanger 34, so that the cracked gas passing through the first quenching heat exchanger 31 can enter the direct contact heat exchanger 34. inside the contact heat exchanger 34. Specifically, the cracked gas in the direct contact heat exchanger 34 can be discharged from the cracked gas outlet of the direct contact heat exchanger 34 .
  • the thermal cracking furnace 1 is provided with multiple independent cracking channels 2, and the cracked gas outlet of one or more cracking channels 2 is connected with the cracked gas inlet of at least one cracked gas thermal energy recovery system.
  • the high-temperature cracked gas leaving the radiant section of the thermal cracking furnace enters the cracked gas heat energy recovery system.
  • the heat carried by the cracked gas during the cooling process is recovered or utilized, and the cracked gas is cooled to the specified temperature (about 200 ⁇ 250°C). Enter the quenching and separation section.
  • the thermal cracking equipment includes two cracking channels and two cracking gas heat energy recovery systems.
  • the number of thermal cracking equipment, cracking channels and cracked gas heat energy recovery systems provided by the embodiments of the present application is not limited to the structure of the cracked gas heat energy recovery system shown in Figure 1, that is, the specific composition is not limited to Figure 1 shown in .
  • the thermal cracking furnace is provided with multiple independent cracking channels, which may include: the thermal cracking furnace is provided with multiple furnaces; each furnace is provided with at least one independent cracking channel.
  • the thermal cracking furnace is provided with 2 furnaces, and 2 or 4 independent channels are provided in each furnace.
  • the cracked gas outlets of multiple cracking channels are connected to the cracked gas inlet of a cracked gas heat energy recovery system.
  • An optional implementation method is that the cracked gas outlet of the cracked channel provided in each furnace is connected to the cracked gas inlet of a cracked gas heat energy recovery system.
  • the cracking channels connected to the cracking gas inlet of the same cracking gas thermal energy recovery system are used to crack the same raw material. Therefore, the number of cracking gas heat energy recovery systems is not less than the number of raw material types cracked by the thermal cracking furnace.
  • the embodiments of this application adopt multiple furnaces and multiple channels to rationally distribute different raw materials, and set up different heat energy recovery systems and other measures to solve the problems in energy utilization, convenience of equipment operation, and investment in cracked gas heat energy recovery in related technologies. Problems and shortcomings in economy and other aspects, so as to achieve rational utilization of energy and optimized design of process systems.
  • the number and type of heat exchangers included in the cracked gas heat energy recovery system are set according to the heat energy recovery requirements and/or the type of raw materials used for cracking in the cracking channels connected thereto.
  • the temperatures of the pyrolysis products are also different. According to the temperature differences of cracked products of different raw materials and the different needs for heat energy recovery or reuse, different cracked gas heat energy recovery systems should be set up reasonably.
  • the distribution of cracking raw materials and the settings of the heat energy recovery system can be flexibly set according to specific conditions.
  • one or more cracking channels are connected to one or more cracking gas heat energy recovery systems, which can achieve different multi-channel configurations based on different cracking raw materials and through different structural settings of the heat energy recovery system.
  • the distribution and cracking treatment process of cracked raw materials This greatly reduces the number of equipment and pipeline valves, saves the floor space of the process device, simplifies the process of the process system, and improves the operability of the equipment.
  • the cracked gas heat energy recovery system may include the following heat exchangers:
  • the first quenching heat exchanger is used to reduce the temperature of the cracked gas to below the first temperature threshold within a set time.
  • the first quenching heat exchanger mainly undertakes two tasks: one is to quickly cool the high-temperature cracked gas around 800°C below the secondary reaction temperature to reduce the loss caused by the secondary reaction of the cracked gas; the other is to recover as much as possible
  • the thermal energy of cracked gas generates high-pressure steam of 11 to 13MpaG.
  • the pressure of the heat energy recovery system is about 11 ⁇ 13MpaG. This pressure produces the highest grade steam.
  • the first quenching heat exchanger is required to cool the cracked gas to 400-550°C within 0.02-0.07 seconds.
  • the cracked gas thermal energy recovery system includes a first quenching heat exchanger.
  • the first quenching heat exchanger is arranged at the front end, that is, the high-temperature cracking gas first passes through the first quenching heat exchanger.
  • the first quench heat exchanger may be a linear quencher CQE.
  • the third quenching heat exchanger is used to further cool the passing cracked gas.
  • the third quenching heat exchanger no longer produces steam, but the heated high-temperature boiler feed water can be passed into the steam drum to provide heat energy for steam generation.
  • the second quenching heat exchanger is disposed between the first quenching heat exchanger and the third quenching heat exchanger, and is used to further cool the passing cracked gas and generate steam at the same time.
  • the second quenching heat exchanger and the third quenching heat exchanger the former generates steam and the latter does not generate steam.
  • Whether steam is generated can be set by controlling the outlet temperature of the coolant (boiler feed water), and the outlet temperature of the coolant can be controlled by controlling the throughput of cracked gas and the heat exchange area of the heat exchanger.
  • the first quenching heat exchanger, the second quenching heat exchanger and the third quenching heat exchanger share a steam drum
  • the riser pipes of the first quenching heat exchanger and the second quenching heat exchanger are all connected to the steam drum
  • the third quenching heat exchanger shares a steam drum.
  • the boiler feed water outlet of the quenching heat exchanger is connected to the steam drum; the downcomer of the steam drum is connected to the boiler feed water inlet of the first quenching heat exchanger and the second quenching heat exchanger.
  • the cooling time and cooling temperature requirements of the first quenching heat exchanger are relatively high, so sleeve-type heat exchangers are generally used.
  • the sleeve-type heat exchanger is limited by the space or transportation limits of the cracking furnace and cannot recover all the heat. Generally, other heat exchangers are installed according to specific conditions.
  • the shell-and-tube heat exchanger has high cost and occupies a large area, and the cooling time of the second and third quenching heat exchangers no longer has strict requirements, so the second and third quenching heat exchangers can adopt a shell-and-tube structure.
  • the direct contact heat exchanger is located at the end of the cracked gas heat energy recovery system. It can reduce the temperature of the cracked gas through spray cooling and at the same time reduce the viscosity of the sprayed quench oil.
  • Direct contact heat exchangers can be quench coolers.
  • the quench cooler includes a separation device and a spray device.
  • the spray device is used to spray the cracked gas separated by the separation device.
  • the spray liquid inlet of the spray device is connected with the light oil outlet of the separation device. That is, the quenching oil used for spraying is light oil separated from the cracked gas, and the quenching oil used for spraying is recycled.
  • quenching oil absorbs the heat in the cracked gas; on the other hand, it provides heat for the quench oiler or viscosity reducing tower of the quenching system, reducing the temperature of the quenching oil. Viscosity, multiple dilution steam.
  • the cracked gas heat energy recovery system can include the following combinations:
  • the cracked gas inlet of the first quenching heat exchanger of the cracked gas thermal energy recovery system is connected with the cracked gas outlet of the connected cracking channel; the rising pipe of the first quenching heat exchanger is connected with the steam drum, and the first quenching heat exchanger is used to generate steam. , the steam drum is used to collect and separate steam; the inlet of the direct contact heat exchanger is connected with the outlet of the first quenching heat exchanger, and the direct contact heat exchanger recovers the heat in the cracked gas again.
  • the cracked gas outlet of the first quenching heat exchanger of the cracked gas heat energy recovery system is connected to the cracked gas inlet of the third quenching heat exchanger.
  • the rising pipe of the first quenching heat exchanger is connected to the steam drum, and the boiler feed water outlet of the third quenching heat exchanger is connected to the steam drum.
  • the downcomer of the steam drum is connected with the boiler feed water inlet of the first quenching heat exchanger.
  • the number of the second quenching heat exchanger may be one or multiple.
  • At least one second quenching heat exchanger connected in sequence is connected between the cracked gas outlet of the first quenching heat exchanger and the cracked gas inlet of the third quenching heat exchanger of the cracked gas thermal energy recovery system.
  • the riser tube of the first quenching heat exchanger and the riser tube of the second quenching heat exchanger are both connected to the steam drum, and the boiler feed water outlet of the third quenching heat exchanger is connected to the steam drum.
  • the downcomer of the steam drum is connected with the boiler feed water inlet of the first quenching heat exchanger and the second quenching heat exchanger.
  • the difference from 3 is that the cracked gas outlet of the third quenching heat exchanger is no longer the cracked gas outlet of the entire cracked gas heat energy recovery system.
  • the cracked gas outlet of the third quenching heat exchanger is the same as the cracked gas outlet of the direct contact heat exchanger.
  • the inlet is connected, and the cracked gas outlet of the direct contact heat exchanger is the cracked gas outlet of the entire cracked gas heat energy recovery system.
  • the cracked gas heat energy recovery system can also be a combination of other heat exchangers and steam drums, and the specific methods are not limited in this embodiment.
  • light feedstocks that is, feedstocks with light cracked gas components and lower dew points, such as gas phase feedstocks such as ethane and propane.
  • the light raw material can be indirectly cooled using the first quench heat exchanger to recover more heat.
  • the cracked gas heat energy recovery system includes a first quenching heat exchanger, a second quenching heat exchanger and a third quenching heat exchanger to exchange heat through the second quenching heat exchanger and the third quenching heat exchanger.
  • the device recovers more heat. This embodiment can solve the problem that the sleeve-type first quenching heat exchanger cannot recover all the heat due to limitations of cracking furnace space or transportation limits.
  • the cracked gas heat energy recovery system includes a first quenching heat exchanger, a second quenching heat exchanger, a third quenching heat exchanger and a direct contact heat exchanger to pass the second quenching heat exchanger.
  • Heater, tertiary quench heat exchanger and direct contact heat exchanger recover more heat. This embodiment can solve the problem that the sleeve-type first quenching heat exchanger cannot recover all the heat due to limitations of cracking furnace space or transportation limits.
  • the cracked gas thermal energy recovery system may include a first quenching heat exchanger and a second quench heat exchanger.
  • the feedstock is heavier, such as tail oil, or even crude oil, and the cracked gas heat energy recovery system can be a first quenching heat exchanger + a direct contact heat exchanger.
  • the cracking raw materials are the same, such as gas phase raw materials such as ethane and propane.
  • the cracking gas heat energy recovery system can also be the first quenching heat exchanger + direct contact Type heat exchanger, focusing on using the recovered heat to reduce the viscosity of the quenching oil.
  • the heat exchangers in the heat energy recovery system have various forms and complex structures, if they are not selected properly, the heat energy recovery effect will be affected, and the strength of the equipment will also be affected.
  • the embodiments of this application rationally utilize different types of heat exchangers, and according to the cracking gas temperature and process requirements after cracking of different cracking raw materials, different heat energy recovery systems are reasonably set up in each channel or each furnace outlet, including direct contact and Indirect contact heat exchanger.
  • the high-temperature cracked gas leaving the radiant section furnace tube of the cracking furnace (temperature is as high as 830 ⁇ 870°C and pressure is about 0.1MPaG) directly enters the first quenching heat exchanger (the cracked gas generated by furnace A and furnace B enters different cracked gas heat energy recovery systems respectively)
  • the first quenching heat exchanger the boiler feed water outside the cracked gas pipe is cooled to above the dew point temperature (400-550°C) in 0.02 to 0.07 seconds; the boiler feed water outside the cracked gas pipe has a pressure of about 11 to 13MpaG.
  • ultra-high-pressure steam is generated when heated; the ultra-high-pressure steam enters the steam drum through the riser pipe of the first quenching heat exchanger; the steam is extracted from the top of the steam drum.
  • the cracked gas After passing through the first quenching heat exchanger, the cracked gas is cooled to about 400 to 550°C, and the probability of secondary reactions is very small.
  • the cracked gas After the cracked gas generated in furnace A passes through the first quenching heat exchanger of the cracked gas thermal energy recovery system, the cracked gas passes through the second quenching heat exchanger, the third quenching heat exchanger, and the oil injection quenching in sequence.
  • the second quenching heat exchanger is used to generate ultra-high pressure steam
  • the third quenching heat exchanger is used to preheat the boiler feed water.
  • the ultra-high pressure steam generated by the second quenching heat exchanger enters the steam drum through its rising pipe; the steam is extracted from the top of the steam drum, and the boiler feed water returns to the first quenching heat exchanger and the second quenching heat exchanger through the downcomer at the bottom of the steam drum. device.
  • the heated boiler feed water outside the cracked gas pipe of the third quenching heat exchanger also flows into the steam drum to provide heat for steam production.
  • the first quenching heat exchanger, the second quenching heat exchanger and the third quenching heat exchanger share a steam drum.
  • the second and third quenching heat exchangers for cracked gas adopt a shell-and-tube structure, and can be horizontal or vertical depending on the piping layout.
  • the cracked gas is cooled on the tube side and the boiler feed water is heated on the shell side.
  • the cracked gas generated in furnace B passes through the first quenching heat exchanger of the cracked gas thermal energy recovery system, then directly enters the oil injection quencher, and finally enters the cracked gas to quench the oil tower.
  • the heat recovered by the above-mentioned cracked gas heat energy recovery system is used to generate ultra-high-pressure steam, provide heat for the quench oiler, and provide heat for the viscosity control tower.
  • embodiments of the present application also provide a thermal cracking gas energy recovery method, including performing the following steps through the above thermal cracking equipment:
  • the cracking raw materials are thermally cracked through the cracking channel of the thermal cracking equipment;
  • the heat recovered by the cracked gas heat energy recovery system can be used to generate ultra-high-pressure steam, provide heat for the quench oiler, and provide heat for the viscosity control tower.

Abstract

Disclosed in the present application are a thermal cracking apparatus and a thermal cracking gas energy recovery method. The thermal cracking apparatus comprises a thermal cracking furnace and a plurality of cracking gas thermal energy recovery systems; each cracking gas thermal energy recovery system comprises a plurality of heat exchangers, and the cracking gas thermal energy recovery systems each comprise the heat exchangers which are different in terms of the numbers and/or types; and the thermal cracking furnace is provided with a plurality of furnace chambers, each furnace chamber is internally provided with at least one independent cracking channel, and cracking gas outlets of one or more cracking channels are in communication with a cracking gas inlet of one of the cracking gas thermal energy recovery systems. By means of the thermal cracking apparatus, a plurality of different raw materials being cracked in one cracking furnace can be satisfied, such that flexible combination and switching of the cracking raw materials is realized, and thus cracking gas energy is greatly recovered and utilized.

Description

一种热裂解设备和热裂解气能量回收方法A kind of thermal cracking equipment and thermal cracking gas energy recovery method
本申请要求于2022年5月27日提交中国专利局、申请号为202210594398.0、申请名称为“一种热裂解设备和热裂解气能量回收方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application submitted to the China Patent Office on May 27, 2022, with the application number 202210594398.0 and the application title "A thermal cracking equipment and thermal cracking gas energy recovery method", the entire content of which is incorporated by reference. incorporated in this application.
技术领域Technical field
本申请涉及化工技术领域，尤其涉及一种热裂解设备和热裂解气能量回收方法。The present application relates to the field of chemical engineering technology, and in particular to a thermal cracking equipment and a thermal cracking gas energy recovery method.
背景技术Background technique
在化工生产过程中，特别是乙烯生产过程中，乙烯裂解原料通过裂解炉加热升温，达到裂解反应温度后，发生裂解反应，从而生成乙烯产品。这一过程为吸热反应，裂解后的产品温度往往能达到800℃以上，这一部分的物料温度高，具有较高的能量，所以需要对其进行能量回收和综合利用。In the chemical production process, especially in the ethylene production process, the ethylene cracking raw material is heated through the cracking furnace. After reaching the cracking reaction temperature, the cracking reaction occurs, thereby generating ethylene products. This process is an endothermic reaction, and the temperature of the cracked product can often reach over 800°C. This part of the material has high temperature and high energy, so it needs to be energy recovered and comprehensively utilized.
发明内容Contents of the invention
发明人发现，现有技术的裂解气余热回收方法，虽然可以解决余热回收的问题，但是一套裂解设备只具备一种裂解气热量回收功能，不能同时满足乙烯装置多个设备的热量需求，同时限制了大型裂解炉的优化设计，无法实现裂解气能量回收利用方式的合理配置。The inventor found that although the existing cracking gas waste heat recovery method can solve the problem of waste heat recovery, a set of cracking equipment only has one cracking gas heat recovery function and cannot meet the heat needs of multiple equipment of the ethylene plant at the same time. This limits the optimal design of large-scale cracking furnaces and cannot achieve a reasonable configuration of cracked gas energy recovery and utilization methods.
所以相关技术中的裂解设备，在裂解气热量回收利用选择的灵活性、操作的便捷性、投资的经济性上都存在一定的缺陷。为了至少部分地解决现有技术存在的技术问题，发明人做出本申请，通过具体实施方式，提供一种热裂解设备和热裂解方法，能够满足在一个裂解炉里裂解一种或多种不同原料的同时，不仅可以对裂解原料进行灵活的组合和切换，而且对裂解气的能量进行了极大的回收和合理的利用。Therefore, cracking equipment in related technologies has certain deficiencies in the flexibility of cracking gas heat recovery and utilization options, ease of operation, and economical investment. In order to at least partially solve the technical problems existing in the prior art, the inventor makes this application. Through specific implementations, a thermal cracking equipment and a thermal cracking method are provided, which can satisfy the requirements of cracking one or more different types of products in a cracking furnace. At the same time as raw materials, not only can the cracking raw materials be flexibly combined and switched, but also the energy of the cracking gas can be greatly recovered and reasonably utilized.
第一方面，本申请实施例提供一种热裂解设备，包括热裂解炉和多个裂解气热能回收***；In a first aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a thermal cracking equipment, including a thermal cracking furnace and multiple cracked gas heat energy recovery systems;
所述裂解气热能回收***包括多个换热器，每个裂解气热能回收***包括的换热器的数量和/或类型不同；The cracked gas heat energy recovery system includes multiple heat exchangers, and each cracked gas heat energy recovery system includes a different number and/or type of heat exchangers;
所述热裂解炉设置有多个炉膛；每个炉膛内设置有至少一个独立的裂解通道，一个或多个所述裂解通道的裂解气出口与一个所述裂解气热能回收***的裂解气入口连通。The thermal cracking furnace is provided with multiple furnaces; each furnace is provided with at least one independent cracking channel, and the cracked gas outlet of one or more of the cracked channels is connected to the cracked gas inlet of the cracked gas thermal energy recovery system. .
第二方面，本申请实施例提供一种热裂解气能量回收方法，包括通过上述热裂解设备执行下述步骤：In a second aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a thermal cracking gas energy recovery method, including performing the following steps through the above thermal cracking equipment:
将裂解原料通过所述热裂解设备的裂解通道进行热裂解；The cracking raw materials are thermally cracked through the cracking channel of the thermal cracking equipment;
分别通过所述热裂解设备的各裂解气热能回收***回收能量，得到冷却后的裂解气。Energy is recovered through each cracked gas heat energy recovery system of the thermal cracking equipment to obtain cooled cracked gas.
本申请实施例提供的上述技术方案的有益效果至少包括：The beneficial effects of the above technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application at least include:
(1)为了实现多种不同原料的裂解工艺要求，传统都是设置多台不同的裂解炉来实现。在实际生产和运行过程中，无疑会增加设备数量，增加与之相连的管线和阀门数量，从而增加工艺装置的占地面积，增加工艺***的复杂性，也增加设备操作的困难性。本申请实施例提供的热裂解设备，一个或多个裂解通道与一个或多个裂解气热能回收***连通，可实现根据裂解原料的不同，通过不同的热能回收***结构设置，完成多通道不同种裂解原料的分配和裂解处理过程。从而大大减少了设备和管线阀门的数量，节省了工艺装置的占地面积，简化了工艺***的流程，提高了设备的操作性。(1) In order to achieve the cracking process requirements of multiple different raw materials, multiple different cracking furnaces are traditionally set up to achieve this. In the actual production and operation process, there will undoubtedly be an increase in the number of equipment and the number of pipelines and valves connected to it, thereby increasing the area occupied by the process device, increasing the complexity of the process system, and increasing the difficulty of equipment operation. In the thermal cracking equipment provided by the embodiments of the present application, one or more cracking channels are connected to one or more cracking gas heat energy recovery systems, which can realize multi-channel and different types of heat energy recovery systems according to different cracking raw materials. Distribution of cracked raw materials and cracking treatment process. This greatly reduces the number of equipment and pipeline valves, saves the floor space of the process device, simplifies the process of the process system, and improves the operability of the equipment.
(2)本申请实施例提供的热裂解设备，对每台热裂解炉的裂解气热能回收***采用多元化的设置，可根据进料组成和工艺要求的不同，合理设置与之相应的裂解气热能回收***，这样可以充分利用不同裂解原料裂解气性能，对其进行灵活的组合和切换，从而对裂解气的能量进行极大的回收和利用。(2) The thermal cracking equipment provided in the embodiments of this application adopts diversified settings for the cracked gas heat energy recovery system of each thermal cracking furnace. According to the different feed composition and process requirements, the corresponding cracked gas can be reasonably set Thermal energy recovery system can make full use of the performance of different cracking raw materials and pyrolysis gas, and flexibly combine and switch them, thereby greatly recovering and utilizing the energy of the pyrolysis gas.
本申请的构造以及它的其他发明目的及有益效果将会通过结合附图而对优选实施例的描述而更加明显易懂。The construction of the present application, as well as its other inventive objects and beneficial effects, will become more apparent from the description of the preferred embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
附图说明Description of the drawings
图1为本申请实施例中热裂解设备的结构示意图；Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the thermal cracking equipment in the embodiment of the present application;
图2为本申请实施例中裂解气热能回收***的结构示意图。Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the cracked gas heat energy recovery system in the embodiment of the present application.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了解决现有技术中存在的同一热裂解炉只能裂解单一原料的问题，本申请实施例提供了一种热裂解设备和热裂解气能量回收方法，能够满足在一个裂解炉里裂解多种不同原料，实现对裂解原料进行灵活的组合和切换，从而对裂解气的能量进行极大的回收和利用。In order to solve the problem in the prior art that the same thermal cracking furnace can only crack a single raw material, embodiments of the present application provide a thermal cracking equipment and a thermal cracking gas energy recovery method that can crack multiple different materials in one cracking furnace. raw materials, realizing flexible combination and switching of cracking raw materials, thereby greatly recovering and utilizing the energy of cracking gas.
参照图1，本申请实施例提供一种热裂解设备，包括热裂解炉1和多个裂解气热能回收***。Referring to Figure 1, an embodiment of the present application provides a thermal cracking equipment, including a thermal cracking furnace 1 and multiple cracking gas heat energy recovery systems.
在一些可选的实施例中，裂解气热能回收***可以为组合式的多功能热能回收***。示例性的，裂解气热能回收***包括多个换热器。In some optional embodiments, the cracked gas heat energy recovery system may be a combined multifunctional heat energy recovery system. As an example, the cracked gas heat energy recovery system includes multiple heat exchangers.
在一些进一步可以实现的方式中，热裂解设备中的每个裂解气热能回收***包括的换热器的数量和/或类型不同，故可以实现热量回收方式和/或能量利用功能的不同。In some further implementable ways, each cracked gas heat energy recovery system in the thermal cracking equipment includes a different number and/or type of heat exchangers, so different heat recovery methods and/or energy utilization functions can be achieved.
在一些可选的实施例中，裂解气热能回收***回收的热量可用于发生超高压蒸汽。进一步可选的实施中，可以利用裂解气热能回收***回收的部分热量为急冷油器和/或粘度控制塔提供热量。In some optional embodiments, the heat recovered by the cracked gas heat energy recovery system can be used to generate ultra-high pressure steam. In a further optional implementation, part of the heat recovered by the cracked gas heat energy recovery system can be used to provide heat for the quench oiler and/or the viscosity control tower.
在一些可选的实施例中，至少一个裂解气热能回收***包括一个第一急冷换热器31和与第一急冷换热器31相连的直接接触式换热器34。In some optional embodiments, at least one cracked gas thermal energy recovery system includes a first quenching heat exchanger 31 and a direct contact heat exchanger 34 connected to the first quenching heat exchanger 31 .
在一些可选的实施例中，如图1左侧所示，热能回收***包括第一急冷换热器31、第二急冷换热器32、第三急冷换热器32和直接接触式换热器34。作为一种可以实现的示例，第一急冷换热器31、第二急冷换热器32、第三急冷换热器32和直接接触式换热器34依次相连。进一步可选的，第一急冷换热器31的裂解气入口与热裂解炉1的至少一个裂解通道的裂解气出口相连。具体的，裂解气从裂解通道2的裂解气出口排出后依次经过第一急冷换热器31、第二急冷换热器32、第三急冷换热器32和直接接触式换热器34，并从直接接触式换热器34的裂解气出口排出。In some optional embodiments, as shown on the left side of Figure 1, the heat energy recovery system includes a first quenching heat exchanger 31, a second quenching heat exchanger 32, a third quenching heat exchanger 32 and a direct contact heat exchanger. Device 34. As an example that can be implemented, the first quenching heat exchanger 31 , the second quenching heat exchanger 32 , the third quenching heat exchanger 32 and the direct contact heat exchanger 34 are connected in sequence. Further optionally, the cracked gas inlet of the first quenching heat exchanger 31 is connected to the cracked gas outlet of at least one cracking channel of the thermal cracking furnace 1 . Specifically, the cracked gas is discharged from the cracked gas outlet of the cracking channel 2 and passes through the first quenching heat exchanger 31, the second quenching heat exchanger 32, the third quenching heat exchanger 32 and the direct contact heat exchanger 34 in sequence, and It is discharged from the cracked gas outlet of the direct contact heat exchanger 34.
一些进一步可选的实施例中，如图1右侧所示，热能回收***还包括第一急冷换热器31和直接接触式换热器34。一些进一步可选的实施例中，第一急冷换热器31的裂解气入口与热裂解炉1的至少一个裂解通道的裂解气出口相连，以使热裂解炉1的至少一个裂解通道中的裂解气可进入第一急冷换热器31。一些进一步可选的实施例中，第一急冷换热器31的裂解气出口与直接接触式换热器34的裂解气入口相连，以使经过第一急冷换热器31的裂解气可以进入直接接触式换热器34内。具体的，直接接触式换热器34内的裂解气可以从直接接触式换热器34的裂解气出口排出。In some further optional embodiments, as shown on the right side of Figure 1 , the heat energy recovery system also includes a first quenching heat exchanger 31 and a direct contact heat exchanger 34 . In some further optional embodiments, the cracked gas inlet of the first quenching heat exchanger 31 is connected to the cracked gas outlet of at least one cracking channel of the thermal cracking furnace 1, so that the cracking gas in the at least one cracking channel of the thermal cracking furnace 1 is The gas can enter the first quenching heat exchanger 31. In some further optional embodiments, the cracked gas outlet of the first quenching heat exchanger 31 is connected to the cracked gas inlet of the direct contact heat exchanger 34, so that the cracked gas passing through the first quenching heat exchanger 31 can enter the direct contact heat exchanger 34. inside the contact heat exchanger 34. Specifically, the cracked gas in the direct contact heat exchanger 34 can be discharged from the cracked gas outlet of the direct contact heat exchanger 34 .
在一些可选的实施例中，热裂解炉1设置有多个独立的裂解通道2，一个或多个裂解通道2的裂解气出口与至少一个裂解气热能回收***的裂解气入口连通。In some optional embodiments, the thermal cracking furnace 1 is provided with multiple independent cracking channels 2, and the cracked gas outlet of one or more cracking channels 2 is connected with the cracked gas inlet of at least one cracked gas thermal energy recovery system.
离开热裂解炉辐射段炉管的高温裂解气进入裂解气热能回收***，裂解气在冷却过程中其携带的热量被回收或利用，裂解气被冷却至规定的温度(大概200～250℃)后进入到急冷分离工段。The high-temperature cracked gas leaving the radiant section of the thermal cracking furnace enters the cracked gas heat energy recovery system. The heat carried by the cracked gas during the cooling process is recovered or utilized, and the cracked gas is cooled to the specified temperature (about 200~250°C). Enter the quenching and separation section.
在一些可选的实施例中，如图1所示，热裂解设备包括两个裂解通道、两个裂解气热能回收***。但是，本申请实施例提供的热裂解设备，裂解通道和裂解气热能回收***的数量并不局限于图1中所示的裂解气热能回收***的结构，即具体构成也并不局限于图1中所示。In some optional embodiments, as shown in Figure 1, the thermal cracking equipment includes two cracking channels and two cracking gas heat energy recovery systems. However, the number of thermal cracking equipment, cracking channels and cracked gas heat energy recovery systems provided by the embodiments of the present application is not limited to the structure of the cracked gas heat energy recovery system shown in Figure 1, that is, the specific composition is not limited to Figure 1 shown in .
在一些可选的实施例中，热裂解炉设置多个独立的裂解通道，可以包括，热裂解炉设置有多个炉膛；每个炉膛内设置有至少一个独立的裂解通道。In some optional embodiments, the thermal cracking furnace is provided with multiple independent cracking channels, which may include: the thermal cracking furnace is provided with multiple furnaces; each furnace is provided with at least one independent cracking channel.
示例性的，热裂解炉设置有2个炉膛，每个炉膛内设置2个或4个独立的通道。For example, the thermal cracking furnace is provided with 2 furnaces, and 2 or 4 independent channels are provided in each furnace.
在一些进一步可选的实施例中，多个裂解通道的裂解气出口与一个裂解气热能回收***的裂解气入口连通。一种可选的实现方式是，每个炉膛内设置的裂解通道的裂解气出口都与一个裂解气热能回收***的裂解气入口连通。In some further optional embodiments, the cracked gas outlets of multiple cracking channels are connected to the cracked gas inlet of a cracked gas heat energy recovery system. An optional implementation method is that the cracked gas outlet of the cracked channel provided in each furnace is connected to the cracked gas inlet of a cracked gas heat energy recovery system.
在一些可选的实施例中，与同一裂解气热能回收***的裂解气入口连通的裂解通道用于裂解相同的原料。故，裂解气热能回收***的数量不小于热裂解炉裂解的原料种类数。In some optional embodiments, the cracking channels connected to the cracking gas inlet of the same cracking gas thermal energy recovery system are used to crack the same raw material. Therefore, the number of cracking gas heat energy recovery systems is not less than the number of raw material types cracked by the thermal cracking furnace.
本申请实施例采用多炉膛多通道对不同原料的合理分配、通过设置不同的热能回收***等措施，解决了相关技术中，裂解气热能回收在能量的利用率、设备操作的便捷性、投资的经济性等方面所存在的问题和不足，从而实现能量的合理利用和工艺***的优化设计。The embodiments of this application adopt multiple furnaces and multiple channels to rationally distribute different raw materials, and set up different heat energy recovery systems and other measures to solve the problems in energy utilization, convenience of equipment operation, and investment in cracked gas heat energy recovery in related technologies. Problems and shortcomings in economy and other aspects, so as to achieve rational utilization of energy and optimized design of process systems.
在一些可选的实施例中，裂解气热能回收***包括的换热器的数量和类型，根据热能回收需求和/或与其连通的裂解通道用于裂解的原料类型设置。In some optional embodiments, the number and type of heat exchangers included in the cracked gas heat energy recovery system are set according to the heat energy recovery requirements and/or the type of raw materials used for cracking in the cracking channels connected thereto.
示例性的，由于裂解原料的不同，所以裂解产物的温度也各不相同。根据不同种原料的裂解产物温度区别，以及对热能回收或再利用的需求不同，合理设置不同的裂解气热能回收***。For example, due to different pyrolysis raw materials, the temperatures of the pyrolysis products are also different. According to the temperature differences of cracked products of different raw materials and the different needs for heat energy recovery or reuse, different cracked gas heat energy recovery systems should be set up reasonably.
裂解原料的分配和热能回收***的设置可以根据具体情况灵活设置。The distribution of cracking raw materials and the settings of the heat energy recovery system can be flexibly set according to specific conditions.
本申请实施例提供的热裂解设备，一个或多个裂解通道的与一个或多个裂解气热能回收*** 连通，可实现根据裂解原料的不同，通过不同的热能回收***结构设置，完成多通道不同种裂解原料的分配和裂解处理过程。从而大大减少了设备和管线阀门的数量，节省了工艺装置的占地面积，简化了工艺***的流程，提高了设备的操作性。In the thermal cracking equipment provided by the embodiments of the present application, one or more cracking channels are connected to one or more cracking gas heat energy recovery systems, which can achieve different multi-channel configurations based on different cracking raw materials and through different structural settings of the heat energy recovery system. The distribution and cracking treatment process of cracked raw materials. This greatly reduces the number of equipment and pipeline valves, saves the floor space of the process device, simplifies the process of the process system, and improves the operability of the equipment.
对每台热裂解炉的裂解气热能回收***采用多元化的设置，可根据进料组成和工艺要求的不同，合理设置与之相应的裂解气热能回收***，这样可以充分利用不同裂解原料裂解气性能，对其进行灵活的组合和切换，从而对裂解气的能量进行极大的回收和利用。Diversified settings are adopted for the cracked gas heat energy recovery system of each thermal cracking furnace. According to the different feed composition and process requirements, the corresponding cracked gas heat energy recovery system can be reasonably set up, so that the cracked gas heat energy recovery system of different cracking raw materials can be fully utilized. Performance, flexible combination and switching, thereby greatly recovering and utilizing the energy of cracked gas.
本申请实施例中裂解气热能回收***可以包含下述换热器：In the embodiment of this application, the cracked gas heat energy recovery system may include the following heat exchangers:
1、间接接触式的第一急冷换热器。1. Indirect contact first quenching heat exchanger.
第一急冷换热器用于在设定时间内将裂解气的温度降低到第一温度阈值以下。The first quenching heat exchanger is used to reduce the temperature of the cracked gas to below the first temperature threshold within a set time.
第一急冷换热器主要承担两个任务:其一是将800℃左右的高温裂解气迅速冷却至二次反应温度以下，减少裂解气二次反应产生的损失；其二是尽可能多地回收裂解气的热能，产生11～13MpaG的高压蒸汽。The first quenching heat exchanger mainly undertakes two tasks: one is to quickly cool the high-temperature cracked gas around 800°C below the secondary reaction temperature to reduce the loss caused by the secondary reaction of the cracked gas; the other is to recover as much as possible The thermal energy of cracked gas generates high-pressure steam of 11 to 13MpaG.
热能回收***的压力约为11～13MpaG。这个压力可以发生最高品位的蒸汽。The pressure of the heat energy recovery system is about 11~13MpaG. This pressure produces the highest grade steam.
通常需要第一急冷换热器在0.02～0.07秒的时间内将裂解气冷却至400～550℃。Usually, the first quenching heat exchanger is required to cool the cracked gas to 400-550°C within 0.02-0.07 seconds.
因此，在一些可选的实施例中，裂解气热能回收***包含第一急冷换热器。在一些进一步可以实现的方式中，第一急冷换热器设置在最前端，即高温裂解气首先通过第一急冷换热器。Therefore, in some optional embodiments, the cracked gas thermal energy recovery system includes a first quenching heat exchanger. In some further possible ways, the first quenching heat exchanger is arranged at the front end, that is, the high-temperature cracking gas first passes through the first quenching heat exchanger.
第一急冷换热器可以是线性急冷器CQE。The first quench heat exchanger may be a linear quencher CQE.
2、间接接触式的第三急冷换热器。2. Indirect contact third quenching heat exchanger.
第三急冷换热器用于进一步冷却通过的裂解气，第三急冷换热器不再产生蒸汽，但被加热的高温锅炉给水可以通入汽包，为蒸汽的产生提供热能。The third quenching heat exchanger is used to further cool the passing cracked gas. The third quenching heat exchanger no longer produces steam, but the heated high-temperature boiler feed water can be passed into the steam drum to provide heat energy for steam generation.
3、间接接触式的第二急冷换热器。3. Indirect contact second quenching heat exchanger.
第二急冷换热器设置于第一急冷换热器与第三急冷换热器之间，用于进一步冷却通过的裂解气，同时产生蒸汽。The second quenching heat exchanger is disposed between the first quenching heat exchanger and the third quenching heat exchanger, and is used to further cool the passing cracked gas and generate steam at the same time.
第二急冷换热器与第三急冷换热器，前者产生蒸汽，后者不产生蒸汽。可以通过控制冷却液(锅炉给水)的出口温度设置是否产生蒸汽，通过裂解气的通过量和换热器换热面积等控制冷却液的出口温度。The second quenching heat exchanger and the third quenching heat exchanger, the former generates steam and the latter does not generate steam. Whether steam is generated can be set by controlling the outlet temperature of the coolant (boiler feed water), and the outlet temperature of the coolant can be controlled by controlling the throughput of cracked gas and the heat exchange area of the heat exchanger.
在一些实施例中，第一急冷换热器、第二和第三急冷换热器共用汽包，第一急冷换热器、第二急冷换热器的上升管都与汽包连通，第三急冷换热器的锅炉给水出口与汽包连通；汽包的下降管与第一急冷换热器和第二急冷换热器的锅炉给水入口连通。In some embodiments, the first quenching heat exchanger, the second quenching heat exchanger and the third quenching heat exchanger share a steam drum, the riser pipes of the first quenching heat exchanger and the second quenching heat exchanger are all connected to the steam drum, and the third quenching heat exchanger shares a steam drum. The boiler feed water outlet of the quenching heat exchanger is connected to the steam drum; the downcomer of the steam drum is connected to the boiler feed water inlet of the first quenching heat exchanger and the second quenching heat exchanger.
第一急冷换热器的冷却时间和冷却温度要求较高，故一般采用套管式换热器。The cooling time and cooling temperature requirements of the first quenching heat exchanger are relatively high, so sleeve-type heat exchangers are generally used.
套管式换热器受到裂解炉空间或运输极限的限制，不能回收全部热量，一般根据具体情况再设置其他换热器。The sleeve-type heat exchanger is limited by the space or transportation limits of the cracking furnace and cannot recover all the heat. Generally, other heat exchangers are installed according to specific conditions.
套管式换热器的成本高、占地多，而第二和第三急冷换热器的冷却时间不再有严格要求，故第二和第三急冷换热器可以采用管壳式结构。The shell-and-tube heat exchanger has high cost and occupies a large area, and the cooling time of the second and third quenching heat exchangers no longer has strict requirements, so the second and third quenching heat exchangers can adopt a shell-and-tube structure.
4、直接接触式换热器。4. Direct contact heat exchanger.
直接接触式换热器设置于裂解气热能回收***的最末端，可以是通过喷淋冷却的方式降低裂解气的温度，同时降低喷淋的急冷油的粘度。The direct contact heat exchanger is located at the end of the cracked gas heat energy recovery system. It can reduce the temperature of the cracked gas through spray cooling and at the same time reduce the viscosity of the sprayed quench oil.
直接接触式换热器可以为急冷器。急冷器包括分离装置和喷淋装置，喷淋装置用于喷淋分离装置分离后的裂解气，喷淋装置的喷淋液入口与分离装置的轻质油出口连通。即喷淋所用的急冷 油为从裂解气中分离所得的轻质油，喷淋所用的急冷油循环利用。Direct contact heat exchangers can be quench coolers. The quench cooler includes a separation device and a spray device. The spray device is used to spray the cracked gas separated by the separation device. The spray liquid inlet of the spray device is connected with the light oil outlet of the separation device. That is, the quenching oil used for spraying is light oil separated from the cracked gas, and the quenching oil used for spraying is recycled.
通过直接向裂解气中喷入急冷油，一方面达到给裂解气降温的目的，急冷油吸收了裂解气中的热量；另一方面为急冷***急冷油器或减粘塔提供热量，降低急冷油粘度，多发稀释蒸汽。By directly injecting quenching oil into the cracked gas, on the one hand, the purpose of cooling the cracked gas is achieved. The quenching oil absorbs the heat in the cracked gas; on the other hand, it provides heat for the quench oiler or viscosity reducing tower of the quenching system, reducing the temperature of the quenching oil. Viscosity, multiple dilution steam.
裂解气热能回收***可以是包含下述组合：The cracked gas heat energy recovery system can include the following combinations:
1、第一急冷换热器+汽包+直接接触式换热器。1. First quenching heat exchanger + steam drum + direct contact heat exchanger.
裂解气热能回收***的第一急冷换热器的裂解气入口与连通的裂解通道的裂解气出口连通；第一急冷换热器的上升管与汽包连通，第一急冷换热器用于发生蒸汽，汽包用于收集、分离蒸汽；直接接触式换热器入口与第一急冷换热器出口连通，直接接触式换热器再次回收裂解气中的热量。The cracked gas inlet of the first quenching heat exchanger of the cracked gas thermal energy recovery system is connected with the cracked gas outlet of the connected cracking channel; the rising pipe of the first quenching heat exchanger is connected with the steam drum, and the first quenching heat exchanger is used to generate steam. , the steam drum is used to collect and separate steam; the inlet of the direct contact heat exchanger is connected with the outlet of the first quenching heat exchanger, and the direct contact heat exchanger recovers the heat in the cracked gas again.
2、第一急冷换热器+第三急冷换热器+汽包。2. The first quenching heat exchanger + the third quenching heat exchanger + steam drum.
裂解气热能回收***的第一急冷换热器的裂解气出口与第三急冷换热器的裂解气入口连通。The cracked gas outlet of the first quenching heat exchanger of the cracked gas heat energy recovery system is connected to the cracked gas inlet of the third quenching heat exchanger.
第一急冷换热器的上升管与汽包连通，第三急冷换热器的锅炉给水出口与汽包连通。The rising pipe of the first quenching heat exchanger is connected to the steam drum, and the boiler feed water outlet of the third quenching heat exchanger is connected to the steam drum.
汽包的下降管与第一急冷换热器的锅炉给水入口连通。The downcomer of the steam drum is connected with the boiler feed water inlet of the first quenching heat exchanger.
3、第一急冷换热器+第二急冷换热器+第三急冷换热器+汽包。3. The first quenching heat exchanger + the second quenching heat exchanger + the third quenching heat exchanger + steam drum.
第二急冷换热器的数量可以是一个，也可以是多个。The number of the second quenching heat exchanger may be one or multiple.
依次连接的至少一个第二急冷换热器连接于该裂解气热能回收***的第一急冷换热器的裂解气出口和第三急冷换热器的裂解气入口之间。At least one second quenching heat exchanger connected in sequence is connected between the cracked gas outlet of the first quenching heat exchanger and the cracked gas inlet of the third quenching heat exchanger of the cracked gas thermal energy recovery system.
第一急冷换热器的上升管、第二急冷换热器的上升管都与汽包连通，第三急冷换热器的锅炉给水出口与汽包连通。The riser tube of the first quenching heat exchanger and the riser tube of the second quenching heat exchanger are both connected to the steam drum, and the boiler feed water outlet of the third quenching heat exchanger is connected to the steam drum.
汽包的下降管与第一急冷换热器和第二急冷换热器的锅炉给水入口连通。The downcomer of the steam drum is connected with the boiler feed water inlet of the first quenching heat exchanger and the second quenching heat exchanger.
4、第一急冷换热器+第二急冷换热器+第三急冷换热器+汽包+直接接触式换热器。4. The first quenching heat exchanger + the second quenching heat exchanger + the third quenching heat exchanger + steam drum + direct contact heat exchanger.
与3不同的是，第三急冷换热器的裂解气出口不再是整个裂解气热能回收***的裂解气出口，第三急冷换热器的裂解气出口与直接接触式换热器的裂解气入口连通，直接接触式换热器的裂解气出口是整个裂解气热能回收***的裂解气出口。The difference from 3 is that the cracked gas outlet of the third quenching heat exchanger is no longer the cracked gas outlet of the entire cracked gas heat energy recovery system. The cracked gas outlet of the third quenching heat exchanger is the same as the cracked gas outlet of the direct contact heat exchanger. The inlet is connected, and the cracked gas outlet of the direct contact heat exchanger is the cracked gas outlet of the entire cracked gas heat energy recovery system.
在一些可选的实施例中，裂解气热能回收***还可以是其他的换热器和汽包的组合方式，具体方式本实施例不做限定。In some optional embodiments, the cracked gas heat energy recovery system can also be a combination of other heat exchangers and steam drums, and the specific methods are not limited in this embodiment.
在一些可选的实施例中，轻质原料，即裂解气组分轻，露点较低的原料，例如乙烷和丙烷等气相原料。在一些可选的实施例中，轻质原料可以利用第一急冷换热器间接冷却回收更多的热量。In some optional embodiments, light feedstocks, that is, feedstocks with light cracked gas components and lower dew points, such as gas phase feedstocks such as ethane and propane. In some optional embodiments, the light raw material can be indirectly cooled using the first quench heat exchanger to recover more heat.
在一些可选的实施例中，裂解气热能回收***包括第一急冷换热器、第二急冷换热器和第三急冷换热器，以通过第二急冷换热器和第三急冷换热器回收更多的热量。该实施例可以解决套管式第一急冷换热器受到裂解炉空间或运输极限的限制，不能回收全部热量的问题。In some optional embodiments, the cracked gas heat energy recovery system includes a first quenching heat exchanger, a second quenching heat exchanger and a third quenching heat exchanger to exchange heat through the second quenching heat exchanger and the third quenching heat exchanger. The device recovers more heat. This embodiment can solve the problem that the sleeve-type first quenching heat exchanger cannot recover all the heat due to limitations of cracking furnace space or transportation limits.
在另一些可选的实施例中，裂解气热能回收***包含第一急冷换热器、第二急冷换热器、第三急冷换热器和直接接触式换热器，以通过第二急冷换热器、第三急冷换热器和直接接触式换热器回收更多的热量。该实施例可以解决套管式第一急冷换热器受到裂解炉空间或运输极限的限制，不能回收全部热量的问题。In some other optional embodiments, the cracked gas heat energy recovery system includes a first quenching heat exchanger, a second quenching heat exchanger, a third quenching heat exchanger and a direct contact heat exchanger to pass the second quenching heat exchanger. Heater, tertiary quench heat exchanger and direct contact heat exchanger recover more heat. This embodiment can solve the problem that the sleeve-type first quenching heat exchanger cannot recover all the heat due to limitations of cracking furnace space or transportation limits.
在一些可选的实施例中，如果原料的碳数较多，例如碳3和碳4液化气，或石脑油等轻一些的原料，裂解气热能回收***可以是包含第一急冷换热器和第二急冷换热器。在一些进一步可选的实施例中，原料再重，例如尾油，甚至原油，裂解气热能回收***可以是第一急冷换热器+直接接触式换热器。In some optional embodiments, if the raw material has a higher carbon number, such as carbon 3 and carbon 4 liquefied gas, or lighter raw materials such as naphtha, the cracked gas thermal energy recovery system may include a first quenching heat exchanger and a second quench heat exchanger. In some further optional embodiments, the feedstock is heavier, such as tail oil, or even crude oil, and the cracked gas heat energy recovery system can be a first quenching heat exchanger + a direct contact heat exchanger.
在一些可选的实施例中，裂解原料相同，像乙烷和丙烷等气相原料，根据热能需求，不需要 多产蒸汽时，裂解气热能回收***还可以是第一急冷换热器+直接接触式换热器，重点利用回收的热量降低急冷油粘度。In some optional embodiments, the cracking raw materials are the same, such as gas phase raw materials such as ethane and propane. According to the heat energy demand, when there is no need to produce more steam, the cracking gas heat energy recovery system can also be the first quenching heat exchanger + direct contact Type heat exchanger, focusing on using the recovered heat to reduce the viscosity of the quenching oil.
由于热能回收***中的换热器形式多样，结构复杂，如果选择不当，热能回收效果将收到影响，同时对于设备强度也有所影响。本申请实施例合理利用换热器的不同类型，根据不同裂解原料裂解后的裂解气温度和工艺要求，在每一个通道或者每一个炉膛出口，合理设置不同的热能回收***，包括直接接触式和间接接触式换热器。通过对裂解气热能回收的多功能集成，一方面可以回收裂解气的高温热量，另一方面可以预热锅炉给水或者为整个装置产生高压蒸汽，从而实现能量的多级利用。Since the heat exchangers in the heat energy recovery system have various forms and complex structures, if they are not selected properly, the heat energy recovery effect will be affected, and the strength of the equipment will also be affected. The embodiments of this application rationally utilize different types of heat exchangers, and according to the cracking gas temperature and process requirements after cracking of different cracking raw materials, different heat energy recovery systems are reasonably set up in each channel or each furnace outlet, including direct contact and Indirect contact heat exchanger. Through the multi-functional integration of cracked gas thermal energy recovery, on the one hand, the high-temperature heat of the cracked gas can be recovered, and on the other hand, it can preheat the boiler feed water or generate high-pressure steam for the entire device, thereby achieving multi-level utilization of energy.
下面以图2中的热能回收***为例，对其结构和工作原理进行介绍：The following takes the heat energy recovery system in Figure 2 as an example to introduce its structure and working principle:
离开裂解炉辐射段炉管的高温裂解气(温度高达830～870℃，压力约0.1MPaG)直接进入第一急冷换热器(A炉膛和B炉膛产生的裂解气分别进入不同裂解气热能回收***的第一急冷换热器)，经裂解气管外的锅炉给水在0.02～0.07秒时间内冷却至露点温度以上(400～550℃)；裂解气管外的锅炉给水，压力约为11～13MpaG，在冷却裂解气的过程中受热发生超高压蒸汽；超高压蒸汽通过第一急冷换热器的上升管进入汽包；蒸汽由汽包顶部采出。The high-temperature cracked gas leaving the radiant section furnace tube of the cracking furnace (temperature is as high as 830~870°C and pressure is about 0.1MPaG) directly enters the first quenching heat exchanger (the cracked gas generated by furnace A and furnace B enters different cracked gas heat energy recovery systems respectively) The first quenching heat exchanger), the boiler feed water outside the cracked gas pipe is cooled to above the dew point temperature (400-550°C) in 0.02 to 0.07 seconds; the boiler feed water outside the cracked gas pipe has a pressure of about 11 to 13MpaG. During the cooling process of the cracked gas, ultra-high-pressure steam is generated when heated; the ultra-high-pressure steam enters the steam drum through the riser pipe of the first quenching heat exchanger; the steam is extracted from the top of the steam drum.
经过第一急冷换热器后的裂解气，降温到400～550℃左右，二次反应发生几率甚微。为了进一步回收裂解气高温热量，A炉膛产生的裂解气经过裂解气热能回收***的第一急冷换热器后，裂解气依次经过第二急冷换热器、第三急冷换热器、喷油急冷器和裂解气去急冷油塔，第二急冷换热器用于发生超高压蒸汽，第三急冷换热器用于预热锅炉给水。第二急冷换热器发生的超高压蒸汽通过其上升管进入汽包；蒸汽由汽包顶部采出，锅炉给水在汽包底部经下降管回到第一急冷换热器和第二急冷换热器。第三急冷换热器裂解气管外的受热后的锅炉给水也流入汽包，为蒸汽的产出提供热量。After passing through the first quenching heat exchanger, the cracked gas is cooled to about 400 to 550°C, and the probability of secondary reactions is very small. In order to further recover the high-temperature heat of the cracked gas, after the cracked gas generated in furnace A passes through the first quenching heat exchanger of the cracked gas thermal energy recovery system, the cracked gas passes through the second quenching heat exchanger, the third quenching heat exchanger, and the oil injection quenching in sequence. The second quenching heat exchanger is used to generate ultra-high pressure steam, and the third quenching heat exchanger is used to preheat the boiler feed water. The ultra-high pressure steam generated by the second quenching heat exchanger enters the steam drum through its rising pipe; the steam is extracted from the top of the steam drum, and the boiler feed water returns to the first quenching heat exchanger and the second quenching heat exchanger through the downcomer at the bottom of the steam drum. device. The heated boiler feed water outside the cracked gas pipe of the third quenching heat exchanger also flows into the steam drum to provide heat for steam production.
第一急冷换热器、第二急冷换热器和第三急冷换热器共用一个汽包。The first quenching heat exchanger, the second quenching heat exchanger and the third quenching heat exchanger share a steam drum.
裂解气第二、第三急冷换热器采用管壳式结构，根据配管布置不同，可采用卧式或立式型式。为了避免焦粉堆积，裂解气在管程冷却，锅炉给水在壳程加热。The second and third quenching heat exchangers for cracked gas adopt a shell-and-tube structure, and can be horizontal or vertical depending on the piping layout. In order to avoid the accumulation of coke powder, the cracked gas is cooled on the tube side and the boiler feed water is heated on the shell side.
B炉膛产生的裂解气经过裂解气热能回收***的第一急冷换热器后，直接进入喷油急冷器，最后进入裂解气去急冷油塔。The cracked gas generated in furnace B passes through the first quenching heat exchanger of the cracked gas thermal energy recovery system, then directly enters the oil injection quencher, and finally enters the cracked gas to quench the oil tower.
上述裂解气热能回收***回收的热量，用于发生超高压蒸汽，为急冷油器提供热量，为粘度控制塔提供热量。The heat recovered by the above-mentioned cracked gas heat energy recovery system is used to generate ultra-high-pressure steam, provide heat for the quench oiler, and provide heat for the viscosity control tower.
基于本申请的发明构思，本申请实施例还提供一种热裂解气能量回收方法，包括通过上述热裂解设备执行下述步骤：Based on the inventive concept of the present application, embodiments of the present application also provide a thermal cracking gas energy recovery method, including performing the following steps through the above thermal cracking equipment:
将裂解原料通过所述热裂解设备的裂解通道进行热裂解；The cracking raw materials are thermally cracked through the cracking channel of the thermal cracking equipment;
分别通过所述热裂解设备的各裂解气热能回收***回收能量，得到冷却后的裂解气。Energy is recovered through each cracked gas heat energy recovery system of the thermal cracking equipment to obtain cooled cracked gas.
具体的，裂解气热能回收***回收的热量，可用于发生超高压蒸汽，为急冷油器提供热量，为粘度控制塔提供热量。Specifically, the heat recovered by the cracked gas heat energy recovery system can be used to generate ultra-high-pressure steam, provide heat for the quench oiler, and provide heat for the viscosity control tower.
应该明白，公开的过程中的步骤的特定顺序或层次是示例性方法的实例。基于设计偏好，应该理解，过程中的步骤的特定顺序或层次可以在不脱离本公开的保护范围的情况下得到重新安排。所附的方法权利要求以示例性的顺序给出了各种步骤的要素，并且不是要限于所述的特定顺序或层次。It is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the disclosed processes is an example of an exemplary approach. Based on design preferences, it is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the process may be rearranged without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. The accompanying method claims present elements of the various steps in a sample order, and are not intended to be limited to the specific order or hierarchy described.
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前 述各实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的范围。Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present application, but not to limit it; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: It is still possible to modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or to make equivalent substitutions for some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not deviate from the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application. scope.

Claims (11)

  1. 一种热裂解设备，包括热裂解炉和多个裂解气热能回收***；A thermal cracking equipment, including a thermal cracking furnace and multiple cracking gas heat energy recovery systems;
    所述裂解气热能回收***包括多个换热器，每个裂解气热能回收***包括的换热器的数量和/或类型不同；The cracked gas heat energy recovery system includes multiple heat exchangers, and each cracked gas heat energy recovery system includes a different number and/or type of heat exchangers;
    所述热裂解炉设置有多个炉膛；每个炉膛内设置有至少一个独立的裂解通道，一个或多个所述裂解通道的裂解气出口与一个所述裂解气热能回收***的裂解气入口连通。The thermal cracking furnace is provided with multiple furnaces; each furnace is provided with at least one independent cracking channel, and the cracked gas outlet of one or more of the cracked channels is connected to the cracked gas inlet of the cracked gas thermal energy recovery system. .
  2. 如权利要求1所述的设备，其中，每个炉膛内设置的裂解通道的裂解气出口至少与一个所述裂解气热能回收***的裂解气入口连通。The equipment of claim 1, wherein the cracked gas outlet of the cracked channel provided in each furnace is connected to at least one cracked gas inlet of the cracked gas heat energy recovery system.
  3. 如权利要求1所述的设备，其中，至少一个所述裂解气热能回收***包括一个第一急冷换热器和与所述第一急冷换热器相连的直接接触式换热器。The apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least one of the cracked gas heat energy recovery systems includes a first quenching heat exchanger and a direct contact heat exchanger connected to the first quenching heat exchanger.
  4. 如权利要求1所述的设备，其中，所述裂解气热能回收***包括间接接触式的第一急冷换热器和汽包，所述第一急冷换热器用于在设定时间内将裂解气的温度降低到第一温度阈值以下；The equipment of claim 1, wherein the cracked gas heat energy recovery system includes an indirect contact first quenching heat exchanger and a steam drum, and the first quenching heat exchanger is used to convert the cracked gas into water within a set time. The temperature drops below the first temperature threshold;
    裂解气热能回收***的第一急冷换热器的裂解气入口与连通的裂解通道的裂解气出口连通；The cracked gas inlet of the first quenching heat exchanger of the cracked gas heat energy recovery system is connected to the cracked gas outlet of the connected cracking channel;
    所述第一急冷换热器的上升管与所述汽包连通，所述汽包用于收集蒸汽。The rising pipe of the first quenching heat exchanger is connected to the steam drum, and the steam drum is used to collect steam.
  5. 如权利要求4所述的设备，其中，所述裂解气热能回收***还包括间接接触式的第三急冷换热器，该裂解气热能回收***的第一急冷换热器的裂解气出口与所述第三急冷换热器的裂解气入口连通；The equipment of claim 4, wherein the cracked gas heat energy recovery system further includes an indirect contact third quenching heat exchanger, and the cracked gas outlet of the first quenching heat exchanger of the cracked gas heat energy recovery system is connected to the cracked gas thermal energy recovery system. The cracked gas inlet of the third quenching heat exchanger is connected;
    所述第三急冷换热器的锅炉给水出口与所述汽包连通。The boiler feed water outlet of the third quenching heat exchanger is connected with the steam drum.
  6. 如权利要求5所述的设备，其中，所述裂解气热能回收***还包括间接接触式的依次连接的至少一个第二急冷换热器；The equipment according to claim 5, wherein the cracked gas heat energy recovery system further includes at least one second quenching heat exchanger connected in series in an indirect contact manner;
    所述依次连接的至少一个第二急冷换热器，所述第二急冷换热器连接于该裂解气热能回收***的第一急冷换热器的裂解气出口和所述第三急冷换热器的裂解气入口之间；The at least one second quenching heat exchanger connected in sequence, the second quenching heat exchanger is connected to the cracked gas outlet of the first quenching heat exchanger of the cracked gas thermal energy recovery system and the third quenching heat exchanger between the cracked gas inlets;
    所述第二急冷换热器的上升管与所述汽包连通。The rising pipe of the second quenching heat exchanger is connected with the steam drum.
  7. 如权利要求6所述的设备，其中，所述汽包的下降管与所述第一急冷换热器和第二急冷换热器的锅炉给水入口连通。The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the downcomer of the steam drum is in communication with the boiler feed water inlets of the first and second quenching heat exchangers.
  8. 如权利要求6所述的设备，其中，所述第一急冷换热器为套管式换热器；The equipment of claim 6, wherein the first quenching heat exchanger is a jacket-and-tube heat exchanger;
    所述第二急冷换热器和第三急冷换热器为管壳式换热器。The second quenching heat exchanger and the third quenching heat exchanger are shell and tube heat exchangers.
  9. 如权利要求4～8中任一项所述的设备，其中，所述裂解气热能回收***还包括直接接触式换热器；The equipment according to any one of claims 4 to 8, wherein the cracked gas heat energy recovery system further includes a direct contact heat exchanger;
    所述直接接触式换热器的裂解气出口为该裂解气热能回收***的裂解气出口。The cracked gas outlet of the direct contact heat exchanger is the cracked gas outlet of the cracked gas heat energy recovery system.
  10. 如权利要求9所述的设备，其中，所述直接接触式换热器为急冷油器；The equipment of claim 9, wherein the direct contact heat exchanger is a quench oiler;
    所述急冷油器包括分离装置和喷淋装置，所述喷淋装置用于喷淋所述分离装置分离后的裂解气，所述喷淋装置的喷淋液入口与所述分离装置的轻质油出口连通。The quench oil device includes a separation device and a spray device. The spray device is used to spray the cracked gas separated by the separation device. The spray liquid inlet of the spray device is connected with the light inlet of the separation device. The oil outlet is connected.
  11. 一种热裂解气能量回收方法，包括通过权利要求1～10中任一项所述的热裂解设备执行下述步骤：A thermal cracking gas energy recovery method, including performing the following steps through the thermal cracking equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 10:
    将裂解原料通过所述热裂解设备的裂解通道进行热裂解；The cracking raw materials are thermally cracked through the cracking channel of the thermal cracking equipment;
    分别通过所述热裂解设备的各裂解气热能回收***回收能量，得到冷却后的裂解气。Energy is recovered through each cracked gas heat energy recovery system of the thermal cracking equipment to obtain cooled cracked gas.
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