WO2023223159A1 - Accès à un canal assisté par répéteur avec des répéteurs commandés par réseau - Google Patents

Accès à un canal assisté par répéteur avec des répéteurs commandés par réseau Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023223159A1
WO2023223159A1 PCT/IB2023/054907 IB2023054907W WO2023223159A1 WO 2023223159 A1 WO2023223159 A1 WO 2023223159A1 IB 2023054907 W IB2023054907 W IB 2023054907W WO 2023223159 A1 WO2023223159 A1 WO 2023223159A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sensing
channel
transmission
ncr
channel access
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PCT/IB2023/054907
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English (en)
Inventor
Majid GHANBARINEJAD
Alexander Golitschek Edler Von Elbwart
Vijay Nangia
Hyejung Jung
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Lenovo (Singapore) Pte. Ltd.
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Publication of WO2023223159A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023223159A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/14—Relay systems
    • H04B7/15—Active relay systems
    • H04B7/155—Ground-based stations
    • H04B7/15528—Control of operation parameters of a relay station to exploit the physical medium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
    • H04B7/0868—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and combining
    • H04B7/088—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and combining using beam selection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/002—Transmission of channel access control information
    • H04W74/006—Transmission of channel access control information in the downlink, i.e. towards the terminal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA
    • H04W74/0808—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA using carrier sensing, e.g. carrier sense multiple access [CSMA]

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to wireless communications, and more specifically to repeater-assisted channel access with a network-controlled repeater (NCR).
  • NCR network-controlled repeater
  • a wireless communications system may support wireless communications across various radio access technologies (RATs) including third generation (3G) RAT, fourth generation (4G) RAT, fifth generation (5G) RAT, and other suitable RATs beyond 5G.
  • RATs radio access technologies
  • a wireless communications system may be a non-terrestrial network (NTN), which may support various communication devices for wireless communications in the NTN.
  • NTN may include network entities onboard non-terrestrial vehicles such as satellites, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), and high-altitude platforms systems (HAPS), as well as network entities on the ground, such as gateway entities capable of transmitting and receiving over long distances.
  • Wireless communications systems may include one or more wireless repeaters that receive and retransmit signals (e.g., from a base station or a UE).
  • a wireless repeater extends the footprint or layout of cells in a cellular system for improving key performance indicators such as throughput and coverage. As a result, wireless repeaters may extend the cells beyond their originally planned boundaries.
  • the present disclosure relates to methods, apparatuses, and systems that support repeater- assisted channel access with network-controlled repeaters.
  • An NCR refers to a repeater that is controlled by the network (e.g., by a base station). For instance, the NCR receives control signals from a serving base station and applies information obtained from the control signals for at least one of beamforming, determining a direction of communication (downlink versus uplink), turning the analog relaying on and off, and so on.
  • a base station configures and signals the NCR to perform repeater-assisted channel access. According to techniques discussed in the present disclosure, the NCR listens to the medium and relays any signals it receives to the base station.
  • the base station performs channel sensing based at least in part on the relayed signals and accesses the medium if the channel is detected idle.
  • an NCR is able to operate in the unlicensed spectrum with the base station performing channel sensing.
  • Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may include wireless communication at a device (e.g., an NCR), and the device receives, from a base station, a first signaling indicating a channel access configuration for a wireless channel; receives, from the base station, a second signaling indicating a triggering of a repeater-assisted channel access; in response to the second signaling and based at least in part on the channel access configuration: receives, from the wireless channel, signals; and transmits, to the base station, the signals.
  • a device e.g., an NCR
  • the channel access configuration comprises at least one of: one or more sensing directions; one or more sensing durations; one or more amplification gains; or one or more sensing types.
  • the second signaling indicates at least one of: a subset of the one or more sensing directions; a subset of the one or more sensing durations; a subset of the one or more amplification gains; or a subset of one or more sensing types.
  • to receive the signals from the wireless channel includes applying a beam associated with a sensing direction of the one or more sensing directions for a sensing duration of the one or more sensing durations.
  • to transmit the signals to the base station includes applying an amplification gain from the one or more amplification gains.
  • the wireless channel is in an unlicensed spectrum. Additionally or alternatively, the device comprises an NCR.
  • Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may include wireless communication at a device (e.g., a base station), and the device transmits, to an NCR, a first signaling indicating a channel access configuration for a wireless channel; transmits, to the NCR, a second signaling indicating a triggering of a repeater-assisted channel access; and receives, from the NCR, signals received by the NCR from the wireless channel based at least in part on the channel access configuration.
  • a device e.g., a base station
  • the channel access configuration comprises at least one of: one or more sensing directions; one or more sensing durations; one or more amplification gains; or one or more sensing types.
  • the second signaling indicates at least one of: a subset of the one or more sensing directions; a subset of the one or more sensing durations; a subset of the one or more amplification gains; or a subset of one or more sensing types.
  • the signals are received by the NCR from the wireless channel by applying a beam associated with a sensing direction of the one or more sensing directions for a sensing duration of the one or more sensing durations.
  • the wireless channel is in an unlicensed spectrum.
  • the device comprises a base station.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a system that supports repeater-assisted channel access with network-controlled repeaters in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a system that supports repeater-assisted channel access in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a system that supports channel access by the repeater in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates an example block diagram of components of a device (e.g., an NCR) that supports repeater-assisted channel access with network-controlled repeaters in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • a device e.g., an NCR
  • FIG. 7 illustrates an example block diagram of components of a device (e.g., a base station) that supports repeater-assisted channel access with network-controlled repeaters in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • a device e.g., a base station
  • FIGs. 8-11 illustrate flowcharts of methods that support repeater-assisted channel access with network-controlled repeaters in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • NCRs for relaying signals in the unlicensed spectrum.
  • One challenge for operation of NCRs in the unlicensed spectrum is coexistence.
  • the shared spectrum around 60GHz is possibly used by other systems in the vicinity of the NCRs, e.g., IEEE 802.1 lad/ay systems. These systems find their main use cases indoors for establishing personal basic service sets (PBSS) as well as an air interface for realizing wireless backhaul.
  • PBSS personal basic service sets
  • LBT listen- before-talk
  • LBT channel sensing
  • NCRs are primarily relay-type network entities that may not possess LBT capabilities.
  • Other potential requirements include a minimum antenna gain to warrant a certain degree of directivity of the transmission, autonomous transmit power control to keep the potential interference generated by a transmitter to a minimum level, and long-term sensing strategies to discover time or frequency resources where there is little chance of collisions or interference.
  • Another sch challenge is, for example at 60GHz, unlicensed channel access aims at high directivity, hence requiring directional channel sensing and channel access.
  • a base station configures and signals the NCR to perform repeater-assisted channel access.
  • the NCR need not sense the channel itself, but instead, the NCR listens to the medium and relays any signals it receives to the base station.
  • the base station performs channel sensing based at least in part on the relayed signals and accesses the medium if the channel is detected idle.
  • an NCR is able to operate in the unlicensed spectrum with the base station performing channel sensing.
  • the base station performs channel sensing and controls the NCR so that the NCR operates in the unlicensed spectrum while complying with regulations, requirements, and conventions of using the unlicensed spectrum.
  • aspects of the present disclosure are described in the context of a wireless communications system. Aspects of the present disclosure are further illustrated and described with reference to device diagrams and flowcharts that relate to repeater-assisted channel access with network-controlled repeaters.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 100 that comprises a network-controlled repeater in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the wireless communications system 100 may include one or more base stations 102, one or more UEs 104, and a core network 106.
  • the wireless communications system 100 may support various radio access technologies.
  • the wireless communications system 100 may be a 4G network, such as an LTE network or an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network.
  • LTE-A LTE-Advanced
  • the wireless communications system 100 may be a 5G network, such as a new radio (NR) network.
  • the wireless communications system 100 may be a combination of a 4G network and a 5G network.
  • the one or more base stations 102 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region to form the wireless communications system 100.
  • One or more of the base stations 102 described herein may be, or include, or may be referred to as a base transceiver station, an access point, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB), a next-generation NodeB (gNB), a Radio Head (RH), a relay node, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, or other suitable terminology.
  • a base station 102 and a UE 104 may directly communicate via a communication link 108, which may be a wireless or wired connection.
  • a base station 102 and a UE 104 may perform wireless communication over a NR-Uu interface.
  • a base station 102 and a UE 104 may communicate indirectly through an NCR 116.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an example 200 of a base station and a UE communicating indirectly through an NCR.
  • the base station 102 and the UE communicate indirectly through the NCR 116 via communications links 202 and 204.
  • the communication link 202 may be referred to as an NCR backhaul link and the communication link 204 may be referred to as an NCR access link.
  • the NCR may include a component, referred to as an NCR forwarding unit (NCR-FU) 206, which may be connected to the base station 102 and/or the UE 104 via the links 202 and/or 204, respectively.
  • NCR-FU NCR forwarding unit
  • the NCR may comprise an NCR mobile terminal (NCR- MT) 208, which may also be referred to as an NCR mobile termination, that is connected to the base station 102 via a communication link 210 referred to as an NCR control link (C-link).
  • the base station 102 and the NCR 116 may communicate control information on forwarding signals from the base station 102 to the UE 104, or vice versa, through the NCR backhaul link (communication link 202), the NCR access link (communication link 204), and the NCR-FU 206.
  • the NCR-MT 208 is defined as a function entity to communicate with the base station 102 (e.g., a gNB) via C-link (communication link 210) to enable the information exchanges (e.g., side control information).
  • the C-link is based on NR Uu interface. This side control information is at least for the control of the NCR-FU 206.
  • the NCR-FU 206 is defined as a function entity to perform the amplify-and-forwarding of uplink (UL)/ downlink (DL) radio frequency (RF) signal between the base station 102 (e.g., a gNB) and the UE 104 via backhaul link (communication link 202) and access link (communication link 204).
  • the behavior of the NCR-FU 206 is controlled according to the received side control information from the base station 102 (e.g., a gNB).
  • a base station 102 may provide a geographic coverage area 110 for which the base station 102 may support services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc.) for one or more UEs 104 within the geographic coverage area.
  • a base station 102 and a UE 104 may support wireless communication of signals related to services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc.) according to one or multiple radio access technologies.
  • the NCR 116 may extend this geographic coverage area 110.
  • a base station 102 may be moveable, such as when implemented as a gNB onboard a satellite or other non- terrestrial station (NTS) associated with a non-terrestrial network (NTN).
  • NTS non- terrestrial station
  • NTN non-terrestrial network
  • the one or more UEs 104 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region or coverage area 110 (which may include coverage area by the base station 102, coverage area by the NCR 116, or coverage area by the base station 102 and the NCR 116) of the wireless communications system 100.
  • a UE 104 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a handheld device, a customer premise equipment (CPE), a subscriber device, or as some other suitable terminology.
  • the UE 104 may be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples.
  • a UE 104 may be referred to as an Internet-of-Things (loT) device, an Internet-of-Everything (loE) device, or as a machine-type communication (MTC) device, among other examples.
  • a UE 104 may be stationary in the wireless communications system 100.
  • a UE 104 may be mobile in the wireless communications system 100, such as an earth station in motion (ESIM).
  • ESIM earth station in motion
  • the one or more UEs 104 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some examples of UEs 104 are illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • a UE 104 may be capable of communicating with various types of devices, such as the base stations 102, other UEs 104, or network equipment (e.g., the core network 106, a relay device, a gateway device, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a vehicle-mounted relay (VMR), a location server that implements a location management function (LMF), or other network equipment). Additionally, or alternatively, a UE 104 may support communication with other base stations 102 or UEs 104, which may act as relays in the wireless communications system 100.
  • network equipment e.g., the core network 106, a relay device, a gateway device, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a vehicle-mounted relay (VMR), a location server that implements a location management function (LMF), or other network equipment.
  • IAB integrated
  • a UE 104 may also support wireless communication directly with other UEs 104 over a communication link 112.
  • a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link.
  • D2D device-to-device
  • the communication link 112 may be referred to as a sidelink.
  • a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a PC5 interface.
  • a base station 102 may support communications with the core network 106, or with another base station 102, or both.
  • a base station 102 may interface with the core network 106 through one or more backhaul links 114 (e.g., via an SI, N2, or other network interface).
  • the base stations 102 may communicate with each other over the backhaul links 114 (e.g., via an X2, Xn, or another network interface).
  • the base stations 102 may communicate with each other directly (e.g., between the base stations 102).
  • the base stations 102 may communicate with each other indirectly (e.g., via the core network 106).
  • the core network 106 may be an evolved packet core (EPC), or a 5G core (5GC), which may include a control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME), an access and mobility management functions (AMF)), and a user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW), a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW), or a user plane function (UPF)).
  • the control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management for the one or more UEs 104 served by the one or more base stations 102 associated with the core network 106.
  • NAS non-access stratum
  • the wireless communications system 100 includes a wireless repeater that is an NCR, illustrated as NCR 116. It is to be appreciated that the wireless system 100 can include any number of NCRs 116.
  • a base station 102 transmits and receives signals within a particular geographical distance or range, referred to as a cell. This distance or range, and thus the cell, can be extended using one or more NCRs.
  • One or more of the NCRs 116 and base stations 102 are operable to implement various aspects of communications between the base stations 102 and the UEs 104, including repeater- assisted channel access with network-controlled repeaters, as described herein.
  • An NCR 116 is a repeater controlled by the network (e.g., a base station 102).
  • the NCR 116 may comprise an analog repeater, such as an NCR-FU, further comprising an NCR-MT by which the NCR 116 can receive control signals via a control link from a serving base station 102 (e.g., a gNB) and apply information obtained from the control link for beamforming, determining a direction of communication (downlink versus uplink), turning the analog relaying on and off, and so on.
  • a serving base station 102 e.g., a gNB
  • NCRs 116 provide an additional degree of freedom to the service provider to change the footprint of a cell based on the number of NCRs 116 and their position, their transmission power and beamforming, and other such adjustable parameters. This allows, for example, the coverage area provided by the base station 102 to be extended by the NCR 116.
  • interference from the aforementioned cell extension may be managed by proper cell planning (offline) and interference management mechanisms (online). However, additionally or alternatively, service providers may want to use NCRs 116 for relaying signals in the unlicensed spectrum.
  • NCRs 116 have been used in the unlicensed spectrum.
  • the shared spectrum around 60GHz is possibly used by other systems in the vicinity of the NCRs 116, e.g., IEEE 802.11ad/ay systems.
  • PBSS personal basic service sets
  • EDMG enhanced directional multi-gigabit
  • LBT listen-before-talk
  • NR-U unlicensed spectrum
  • NCRs 116 are primarily relay -type network entities that may not possess LBT capabilities.
  • Other potential requirements include a minimum antenna gain to warrant a certain degree of directivity of the transmission, autonomous transmit power control to keep the potential interference generated by a transmitter to a minimum level, and long-term sensing strategies to discover time or frequency resources where there is little chance of collisions or interference.
  • Another such challenge is, particularly at 60GHz, unlicensed channel access aims at high directivity, hence requiring directional channel sensing and channel access.
  • Coverage is a fundamental aspect of cellular network deployments. Mobile operators rely on different types of network nodes to offer blanket coverage in their deployments. Deployment of regular full-stack cells is one option, but it may not be always possible (e.g., no availability of backhaul) or economically viable.
  • Integrated Access and Backhaul IAB
  • RF repeater which simply amplify- and-forward any signal that they receive.
  • RF repeaters can see a wide range of deployments in 2G, 3G and 4G to supplement the coverage provided by regular full-stack cells.
  • RAN4 specified RF and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) requirements for such RF repeaters for NR targeting both FR1 and FR2.
  • an RF repeater presents a cost effective means of extending network coverage, it has its limitations. An RF repeater simply does an amplify-and-forward operation without being able to take into account various factors that could improve performance. Such factors may include information on semi-static and/or dynamic downlink/uplink configuration, adaptive transmitter/receiver spatial beamforming, ON-OFF status, etc.
  • An NCR is an enhancement over conventional RF repeaters with the capability to receive and process control information from the network.
  • the control information could allow a network- controlled repeater to perform an amplify-and-forward (signal forwarding) operation in a more efficient manner.
  • Potential benefits could include mitigation of unnecessary noise amplification, transmissions and receptions with better spatial directivity, and simplified network integration.
  • NCRs are inband RF repeaters used for extension of network coverage on FR1 and FR2 bands, while FR2 deployments may be prioritized for both outdoor and O2I scenarios; for only single hop stationary NCRs; NCRs are transparent to UEs; NCR can maintain the gNB-repeater link and repeater-UE link simultaneously; and cost efficiency is a consideration point for NCRs.
  • This side control information includes at least one of: beamforming information; timing information to align transmission / reception boundaries of NCR; information on UL-DL time division duplex (TDD) configuration; ON-OFF information for efficient interference management and improved energy efficiency; power control information for efficient interference management (e.g., as the 2nd priority).
  • L1/L2 signaling (including its configuration) to carry the side control information is taken into consideration.
  • identification and authorization of network-controlled repeaters is taken into consideration.
  • the channel access schemes for NR-based access for unlicensed spectrum can be classified into four categories.
  • Category 1 e.g., Catl
  • Catl may refer to immediate transmission after a short switching gap. This is used for a transmitter to immediately transmit after a switching gap inside a channel occupancy time (COT).
  • COT channel occupancy time
  • the switching gap from reception to transmission is to accommodate the transceiver turnaround time and may not be longer than a constant duration, e.g., 16 microseconds (ps).
  • Category 2 (e.g., Cat2) may refer to LBT without random back-off.
  • the duration of time that the channel is sensed to be idle before the transmitting entity transmits is deterministic.
  • Category 3 may refer to LBT with random back-off with a contention window of fixed size.
  • the LBT procedure has the following procedure as one of its components.
  • the transmitting entity draws a random number N within a contention window.
  • the size of the contention window is specified by the minimum and maximum value of N.
  • the size of the contention window is fixed.
  • the random number N is used in the LBT procedure to determine the duration of time that the channel is sensed to be idle before the transmitting entity transmits on the channel.
  • Category 4 may refer to LBT with random back-off with a contention window of variable size.
  • the LBT procedure has the following as one of its components.
  • the transmitting entity draws a random number N within a contention window.
  • the size of contention window is specified by the minimum and maximum value of N.
  • the transmitting entity can vary the size of the contention window when drawing the random number N.
  • the random number N is used in the LBT procedure to determine the duration of time that the channel is sensed to be idle before the transmitting entity transmits on the channel.
  • a channel refers to a carrier or a part of a carrier consisting of a contiguous set of resource blocks (RBs) on which a channel access procedure is performed in shared spectrum.
  • RBs resource blocks
  • a channel access procedure is a procedure based on sensing that evaluates the availability of a channel for performing transmissions.
  • the sensing slot duration T st is considered to be idle if a base station 102 (e.g., an eNB/gNB) or a UE senses the channel during the sensing slot duration, and determines that the detected power for at least 4us within the sensing slot duration is less than energy detection threshold V Thresh . Otherwise, the sensing slot duration T si is considered to be busy.
  • a channel occupancy refers to transmission(s) on channel(s) by base station/eNB/gNB/UE(s) after performing the corresponding channel access procedures in this clause.
  • a Channel Occupancy Time refers to the total time for which base station/eNB/gNB/UE and any base station/eNB/gNB/UE(s) sharing the channel occupancy perform transmission(s) on a channel after a base station/eNB/gNB/UE performs the corresponding channel access procedures described in this clause. For determining a Channel Occupancy Time, if a transmission gap is less than or equal to, for example, 25us, the gap duration is counted in the channel occupancy time.
  • a channel occupancy time can be shared for transmission between a base station 102 (e.g., an eNB/gNB) and the corresponding UE(s).
  • a DL transmission burst is defined as a set of transmissions from a base station 102 (e.g., an eNB/gNB) without any gaps greater than, for example, 16us. Transmissions from a base station 102 (e.g., an eNB/gNB) separated by a gap of more than 16us are considered as separate DL transmission bursts.
  • a base station 102 e.g., an eNB/gNB
  • a UL transmission burst is defined as a set of transmissions from a UE without any gaps greater than, for example, 16us. Transmissions from a UE separated by a gap of more than 16 us are considered as separate UL transmission bursts. A UE can transmit transmission(s) after a gap within a UL transmission burs without sensing the corresponding channel(s) for availability.
  • a discovery burst refers to a DL transmission burst including a set of signal(s) and/or channel(s) confined within a window and associated with a duty cycle.
  • the discovery burst can be any of the following: transmission(s) initiated by one type of base station (e.g., an eNB) that includes a primary synchronization signal (PSS), secondary synchronization signal (SSS) and cell-specific reference signal(s)(CRS) and may include non-zero power channel state information (CSI) reference signals (CSI-RS); transmission(s) initiated by another type of base station (e.g., a gNB) that includes at least a synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel (SS/PBCH) block consisting of a primary synchronization signal (PSS), secondary synchronization signal (SSS), physical broadcast channel (PBCH) with associated demodulation reference signal (DM-RS) and may also include CORESET for physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) scheduling physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) with SIB1, and PDSCH carrying SIB1 and/or non-zero power CSI reference signals (CSI-RS).
  • a base station e.g., an eNB
  • PSS primary
  • Channel access procedures based on semi-static channel occupancy as described herein are intended for environments where the absence of other technologies is guaranteed e.g., by level of regulations, private premises policies, etc.
  • a duration of T z max(0.05T x , lOOus) at the end of a period is referred to as the idle duration of that period.
  • the base station e.g., a gNB
  • the base station additionally configures a UE 104 with higher layer parameter ue-SemiStaticChannelAccessConfig consisting of ue-Period and ue-Offset
  • duration of any transmission gap within a period excluding the corresponding idle duration is counted in the channel occupancy time.
  • a base station 102 e.g., a gNB
  • UE 104 performs sensing for evaluating a channel availability
  • the corresponding X Thresh adjustment for performing sensing by a gNB or a UE is described in clauses 4.1.5 and 4.2.3, respectively, of 3 rd generation partnership project (3GPP) technical specification (TS) 37.213.
  • Examples of channel access procedures to initiate a channel occupancy are discussed in the following. This includes a procedure if channel occupancy is initiated by only one type of base station 102 (discussed with reference to a gNB as an example), and a procedure if channel occupancy is initiated by a base station 102 (discussed with reference to a gNB as an example) or a UE 104.
  • Layer 1 If a UE 104 fails to access the channel(s) prior to an intended UL transmission to a gNB, Layer 1 notifies higher layers about the channel access failure.
  • a channel occupancy initiated by a gNB and shared with UE(s) satisfies the following.
  • the gNB transmits a DL transmission burst starting at the beginning of the channel occupancy time immediately after sensing the channel to be idle for at least a sensing slot duration T st . If the channel is sensed to be busy, the gNB does not perform any transmission during the current period.
  • the gNB may transmit a DL transmission burst(s) within the channel occupancy time immediately after sensing the channel to be idle for at least a sensing slot duration T si if the gap between the DL transmission burst(s) and any previous transmission burst is more than 16us.
  • the gNB may transmit DL transmission burst(s) after UL transmission burst(s) within the channel occupancy time without sensing the channel if the gap between the DL and UL transmission bursts is at most 16us.
  • a UE 104 may transmit UL transmission burst(s) after detection of a DL transmission burst(s) within the channel occupancy time as follows. If the gap between the UL and DL transmission bursts is at most 16us, the UE 104 may transmit UL transmission burst(s) after a DL transmission burst(s) within the channel occupancy time without sensing the channel. If the gap between the UL and DL transmission bursts is more than 16us, the UE 104 may transmit UL transmission burst(s) after a DL transmission burst(s) within the channel occupancy time after sensing the channel to be idle for at least a sensing slot duration T si within a 25 its interval ending immediately before transmission.
  • a UE 104 may be indicated by the gNB to transmit UL transmission burst(s) within the channel occupancy time without sensing the channel or after sensing the channel to be idle for at least a sensing slot duration T si within a 25 its interval ending immediately before transmission.
  • the channel occupancy initiated by gNB and sensing procedures are as follows.
  • the channel occupancy initiated by UE and sensing procedures are as follows.
  • the DL transmission burst(s) When a DL transmission burst(s) is associated with a channel occupancy that is initiated in a period of duration T u by a UE, the DL transmission burst(s) shall include unicast user plane data or control information intended for the UE initiating the channel occupancy in that period.
  • the gNB may include in the DL transmission burst(s) an additional transmission(s) intended to other UEs than the UE that has initiated the channel occupancy in that period or broadcast transmission(s), only if the gNB satisfies the condition that the detection of the additional DL transmission(s) at any UE will not be associated with a channel occupancy that is initiated by gNB following the procedures described in Clause 4.3.1.2.3 and 4.3.1.2.4 of 3GPP TS 37.213.
  • a UE When a UE is configured with a configured grant for which cg-RetransmissionTimer-rl6 is provided and if the UE is provided cg-COT-SharingList-r!6 by higher layers, the UE is configured with a table wherein each row is given by higher layer parameter CG-COT-Sharing-rl 6. One row of the table is configured for indicating that the channel occupancy sharing is not available and other rows of the table each provides a channel occupancy sharing information.
  • each configured grant physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmission includes 'COT sharing information' in configured grant (CG)-uplink control information (UCI) that indicates a row index to the table, which is chosen by the UE independently of the channel access priority class (CAPC) information that the row may carry.
  • CG configured grant
  • CAC channel access priority class
  • association with initiated channel occupancy for configured UL transmissions is as follows.
  • the UE When a UE is configured with a UL transmission, the UE follows the following procedures to determine if the configured UL transmission is associated with a channel occupancy that is initiated by the gNB or the UE. If the configured UL transmission would occur at the beginning of a period of duration T u and would end before the idle duration corresponding to that period, the following is applied: if the configured UL transmission would occur within a period of duration T x and would end before the idle duration corresponding to that period and if the UE has already determined that the gNB has initiated a channel occupancy in that period as described in Clause 4.3.1.2.1 of 3GPP TS 37.213, the UE assumes that the configured UL transmission is associated with a channel occupancy that is initiated by the gNB; otherwise, the UE assumes that the configured UL transmission is associated with a channel occupancy to be initiated by the UE.
  • the UE assumes that the configured UL transmission is associated with the channel occupancy that is initiated by the gNB; otherwise, the UE drops the configured UL transmission.
  • the UE assumes that the configured UL transmission is associated with the channel occupancy that is initiated by the UE.
  • the UE If the UE has not already initiated a channel occupancy in that period as described in Clause 4.3.1.2.2 of 3GPP TS 37.213, then if the configured UL transmission would occur within a period of duration T x and would end before the idle duration corresponding to that period and if the UE has already determined that the gNB has initiated a channel occupancy in that period as described in Clause 4.3.1.2.1 of 3GPP TS 37.213, the UE assumes that the configured UL transmission is associated with the channel occupancy that is initiated by the gNB; otherwise, the UE drops the configured UL transmission(s).
  • the UE assumes that the configured UL transmission is associated with the channel occupancy that is initiated by the gNB; otherwise, the UE drops the configured UL transmission.
  • the configured UL transmission is a PUSCH with PUSCH repetition type B, the above procedures are applicable to a nominal repetition.
  • association with initiated channel occupancy for scheduled UL transmissions is as follows. This can include intra-period scheduled UL transmissions and cross-period scheduled UL transmissions.
  • the scheduling DCI indicates the channel access parameters for the UL transmission(s).
  • the UE determines if the scheduled UL transmission(s) is associated with a channel occupancy that is initiated by the gNB or the UE, and whether sensing and cyclic prefix (CP) extension are applicable.
  • DCI downlink control information
  • CP cyclic prefix
  • the UE applies CP extension if applicable and is expected to transmit the scheduled UL transmission without sensing as described in Clause 4.3.1.2.1 of 3GPP TS 37.213.
  • the UE If the UE is indicated that the scheduled UL transmission is associated with a channel occupancy that is initiated by the gNB and the UE is indicated to perform the UL transmission without sensing, the following are applied: if the scheduled UL transmission starts after the beginning of a period of duration T x and ends before the start of the idle duration corresponding to that period and if the UE has determined that a channel occupancy corresponding to the period is initiated by the gNB as described in Clause 4.3.1.2.1 of 3 GPP TS 37.213, the UE applies CP extension if applicable and is expected to transmit the scheduled UL transmission without sensing as described in Clause 4.3.1.2.1 of 3GPP TS 37.213; otherwise, the UE drops the scheduled UL transmission.
  • the UE is indicated that the scheduled UL transmission is associated with a channel occupancy that is initiated by the gNB and the UE is indicated to perform the UL transmission after sensing, the following are applied: if the scheduled UL transmission starts after the beginning of a period of duration T x and ends before the start of the idle duration corresponding to that period and if the UE has determined that a channel occupancy corresponding to the period is initiated by the gNB as described in Clause 4.3.1.2.1 of 3 GPP TS 37.213, if the UL transmission follows a previous UL transmission after a gap of at most 16us, the UE is expected to transmit the UL transmission without sensing.
  • the following channel access procedures for consecutive scheduled UL transmissions are applicable. If a UE is scheduled by a gNB to transmit a set of UL transmissions including PUSCH or sounding reference signal (SRS) symbol(s) using a UL grant, the UE shall not apply a CP extension for the remaining UL transmissions in the set after the first UL transmission after accessing the channel.
  • SRS sounding reference signal
  • a UE may continue transmission of the remaining UL transmissions in the set, if any.
  • ue-SemiStaticChannelAccessConfig the following are applicable.
  • the UE may assume that any scheduled or configured UL transmission(s) within a UL transmission burst is associated with the same channel occupancy that is initiated either by the gNB or by the UE. If the UE is scheduled by a DCI to transmit multiple UL transmissions, the UE assumes that the indicated initiator of the associated channel occupancy in the DCI is applied for all the UL transmissions scheduled by the DCI.
  • the UE transmits a PUSCH transmission with repetition type B and the UE has already determined based on the procedures in Clause 4.3.1.2.4 of 3GPP TS 37.213 for scheduled PUSCH repetition or based on the procedures in Clause 4.3.1.2.3 of 3GPP TS 37.213 and/or the above rules in this clause with respect to channel occupancy association for configured PUSCH repetition, that the PUSCH transmission is associated with a channel occupancy that is initiated either by the gNB or by the UE, the followings are applicable: if the UE has already determined that the PUSCH transmission is associated with a channel occupancy that is initiated by the gNB and if a nominal PUSCH repetition of the PUSCH transmission overlaps with an idle duration corresponding to a period of duration T x in which the channel occupancy is initiated, all the symbols during the idle duration are considered as invalid symbols and the corresponding actual repetition after the idle period, if any, is dropped; if the UE has already determined that the PUSCH transmission is associated with a channel occupancy that is initiated by the
  • the UE may not transmit on channel c L 6 C within the bandwidth of the carrier, if the UE fails to access any of the channels, of the carrier bandwidth, on which the UE is scheduled or configured by UL resources for the UL transmission; if the transmission is a UL transmission, the UE may not transmit on a channel within the bandwidth of the carrier if the UE is configured without intra-cell guard band(s) on a UL bandwidth part and if the UE fails to access any of the channels of the UL bandwidth part; if the transmission is a DL transmission, the gNB may not transmit on a channel within the bandwidth of the carrier if the gNB configures the carrier without intra-cell guard band(s) on a DL bandwidth part and if the gNB fails to access any of the channels of the DL bandwidth part.
  • Channel access procedures for frequency range 2-2 is taken into consideration.
  • a gNB/UE(s) is required by regulations to sense channel(s) for availability for performing transmission(s) on the channel(s) or when a gNB provides UE(s) with higher layer parameters LBT-Mode by SIB1 or dedicated configuration indicating that the channel access procedures would be performed for performing transmission(s) on channel(s)
  • the channel access procedures as follows for accessing the channel(s) on which the transmission(s) are performed by the gNB/UE(s), are applied.
  • the channel is considered to be idle for the sensing slot duration T sl if a gNB or a UE senses the channel during the sensing slot duration and determines that the detected energy after the antenna assembly within the sensing slot duration is less than energy detection threshold X Thresh as discussed below. Otherwise, the channel is considered busy for the sensing slot duration T sl .
  • the spatial domain filter for sensing beam is determined as described in Clause 5.1.5 of 3GPP TS 38.214.
  • a channel occupancy includes transmission(s) in different beams that are multiplexed in spatial domain
  • one of the followings is applicable for the corresponding sensing to perform the transmission(s) within the channel occupancy.
  • Type 1 channel access procedure as described in Clause 4.4.1 of 3GPP TS 37.213 is applied before the start of the channel occupancy using a single sensing beam where the single beam covers all the transmission beams within the channel occupancy; when the channel is accessed the transmission(s) within the channel occupancy across different beams can occur.
  • Type 1 channel access procedure as described in Clause 4.4.1 of 3GPP TS 37.213 is applied before the start of the channel occupancy simultaneously per sensing beam where each sensing beam covers a transmission beam within the channel occupancy; when the channel is accessed the transmission(s) within the channel occupancy across different beams can occur.
  • a channel occupancy includes transmissions in different beams that are multiplexed in time domain
  • one of the followings is applicable for the corresponding sensing to perform the transmissions within the channel occupancy.
  • Type 1 channel access procedure as described in Clause 4.4.1 of 3 GPP TS 37.213 is applied before the start of the channel occupancy using a single sensing beam where the single beam covers all the transmissions beams within the channel occupancy; when the channel is accessed the transmissions within the channel occupancy across different beams can occur following the procedures described in Clause 4.4.3 of 3GPP TS 37.213.
  • Type 1 channel access procedure as described in Clause 4.4.1 of 3GPP TS 37.213 is applied before the start of the channel occupancy per sensing beam where each sensing beam covers a transmission beam within the channel occupancy; when the channel is accessed the transmission within the channel occupancy across different beams can occur following the procedures described in Clause 4.4.3 of 3GPP TS 37.213.
  • Type 1 channel access procedure as described in Clause 4.4.1 of 3 GPP TS 37.213 is applied before the start of the channel occupancy per sensing beam where each sensing beam covers a transmission beam within the channel occupancy.
  • the transmission within the channel occupancy can occur following the procedures in Clause 4.4.2 of 3GPP TS 37.213 before switching to a different beam within the channel occupancy.
  • Type 1 channel access procedures For Type 1 channel access procedures, the following describes channel access procedures to be performed by a gNB/UE where the time duration spanned by the sensing slots that are sensed to be idle before a transmission(s) is random based on a fixed contention window size. This is applicable to any transmission initiating a channel occupancy by the gNB/UE.
  • the gNB/UE may transmit a transmission after first sensing the channel to be idle during the sensing slot duration of a defer duration T d and after the counter N is zero in step 4.
  • step 5 sense the channel until either it is detected busy within an additional defer duration T d or it is detected to be idle for the sensing slot of the additional defer duration T d 6) if the channel is sensed to be idle during the sensing slot duration of the additional defer duration T d , go to step 4; else, go to step 5.
  • a gNB/UE shall not transmit on a channel for a Channel Occupancy Time that exceeds 5ms.
  • Type 2 channel access procedures the following describes channel access procedures to be performed by a gNB/UE where the time duration spanned by sensing slots that are sensed to be idle before a DL/UL transmission(s) is deterministic.
  • a gNB/UE may transmit a transmission on a channel without sensing the channel.
  • a gNB/UE may transmit a DL/UL transmission(s) that is followed by a UL/DL transmission(s) within the maximum Channel Occupancy Time described in Clause 4.4.1 of 3GPP TS 37.213.
  • the following are applicable to the UL/DL transmission(s): regardless of the duration of the gap between the UL/DL transmission(s) and previous DL/UL transmission(s) on the channel, the UL/DL transmission(s) occurs following the procedures described in Clause 4.4.3 of 3 GPP TS 37.213; or if the gap between the UL/DL transmission(s) and previous DL/UL transmission(s) on the channel is more than a threshold that is determined by the gNB and is at least 8/zs, the UL/DL transmission s) occurs following the procedures described in Clause 4.4.2 of 3GPP TS 37.213. Otherwise, the UL/DL transmission(s) occurs following the procedures described in Clause 4.4.3 of 3GPP TS 37.213.
  • a gNB/UE may transmit the following transmission(s) on a channel without sensing the channel: transmission(s) of the discovery burst by the gNB; transmission(s) of the first message in a random access procedure by the UE.
  • the gNB/UE transmits the above transmission(s) without sensing on a channel by utilizing the exemption above, the total duration of such transmission(s) by the gNB/UE shall not occupy the corresponding channel more than 10ms over any 100ms interval.
  • a gNB/UE accessing a channel on which transmission(s) on beam(s) are performed within a channel occupancy shall set the energy detection threshold X Thresh to be less than or equal to the maximum energy detection threshold ⁇ Thresh max that is determined as follows: where P max is the RF output power limit in dBm, P out is the maximum effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) of the intended transmission(s) by the gNB/UE to acquire a channel occupancy in dBm where P out ⁇ P max .
  • the maximum EIRP used for the transmission(s) by the initiating gNB/UE during the channel occupancy is limited to P out - BW is the [channel bandwidth or bandwidth part bandwidth] in MHz.
  • NCRs 116 possess at least two functions.
  • One such functionality is receiving signals in the analog domain and relaying or forwarding the signals, which is essentially amplifying the received signals and transmitting them.
  • This function may be referred to as an NCR-FU.
  • the NCR 116 may or may not be capable of processing those signals in the digital/baseband domain or extract any information from them.
  • Another function may be referred to as an NCR-MT, which may receive control information and process them in the digital domain in order to obtain information on how to receive, amplify, and forward the signals by the NCR-FU.
  • the information may include indication of beamforming, gain, DL-UL switching, on-off switching, and the like.
  • the NCR 116 includes a functionality to perform sensing (LBT) and channel access in the unlicensed spectrum.
  • the NCR 116 may perform sensing (LBT) and channel access in the unlicensed spectrum using various different techniques.
  • the NCR 116 implements repeater-assisted channel access.
  • the NCR 116 assists the base station 102 by listening to the channel and relaying any received signals to the base station 102.
  • the base station 102 performs the channel access procedure, e.g., the clear channel assessment including channel sensing or LBT.
  • the ensuing channel occupancy is a base station 102 (e.g., eNB or gNB)-initiated channel occupancy.
  • the NCR 116 implements channel access by the repeater.
  • the NCR 116 itself performs the channel access procedure, e.g., the clear channel assessment including channel sensing or LBT.
  • the ensuing channel occupancy is a base station 102 (e.g., eNB or gNB)-initiated channel occupancy.
  • the repeater-assisted channel access approach does not need implementation of any additional functionalities for channel sensing. However, it may not satisfy regulatory requirements or delay requirements.
  • the channel access by the repeater approach addresses those issues at the cost of additional complexity of the NCR 116.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a system 300 that supports repeater-assisted channel access with network-controlled repeaters in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the system 300 illustrates beamforming for channel sensing and forwarding signals by the NCR 116.
  • multiple different beams 302, 304, and 306 are used to communicate with different UEs 104. This allows, for example, channel sensing and forwarding signals by the NCR 116 despite signals between the base station 102 and one or more UEs 104 being interfered with or blocked by an obstacle 308 such as a building.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a system 400 that supports repeater-assisted channel access in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the NCR 116 receives a configuration from the base station 102, where the configuration may indicate one or more channel access parameters.
  • This channel access configuration at 402 may also be referred to below as the first step with respect to repeater-assisted channel access.
  • the channel access configuration at 402 may be communicated over the control link (C-link) 210.
  • the NCR receives a control message signaling from the base station 102, where the signaling indicates values for any unassigned LBT parameters and/or triggers a repeater-assisted channel access procedure.
  • This control message signaling at 404 may also be referred to below as the second step with respect to repeater-assisted channel access.
  • the control message at 404 may be communicated over the control link (C-link) 210.
  • the NCR 116 transmits (forwards), to the base station, any signals received by the NCR 116 according to the LBT parameters indicated by the configuration (at 402) and/or signaling (at 404). These received signals at 406 may also be referred to below as the third step with respect to repeater-assisted channel access. The forwarding of the signals at 406 may occur over the NCR backhaul link 202.
  • repeater-assisted channel access is implemented as follows for unlicensed channel access.
  • the NCR 116 receives a configuration from a base station 102 (e.g., a gNB), where the configuration may indicate channel access parameters to the NCR 116 such as at least one of: one or more receive (RX or Rx) beams or directions for channel access procedure; a minimum beamforming gain for one or multiple beams or directions; one or more sensing durations for channel access procedure; one or more channel access categories, and optionally parameters for a channel access category, such as a contention window size or a minimum/maximum value for a determination of a random contention windows size; one or more sensing types; or one or more values of amplification gain.
  • RX or Rx receive
  • RX or Rx receive
  • a minimum beamforming gain for one or multiple beams or directions
  • one or more sensing durations for channel access procedure one or more channel access categories, and optionally parameters for a channel access category, such as a contention window size or a minimum/maximum value for a determination of a random contention windows size; one or
  • the NCR 116 receives a signaling (e.g., a control message) from the base station 102 (e.g., a gNB), where the signaling indicates values for any unassigned LBT parameters and/or triggers a repeater-assisted channel access procedure.
  • a signaling e.g., a control message
  • the NCR 116 listens to the medium and receives any signals according to the LBT parameters indicated by the configuration and/or signaling and relays the signals to the base station 102 (e.g., gNB).
  • the first step discussed above refers to a configuration prior to triggering the repeater- assisted channel access procedure.
  • the NCR 116 may receive values for the channel access parameters by configuration in the first step, while the dynamic signaling in the second step triggers a configured channel access procedure. Additionally or alternatively, some channel access parameters may not be assigned by the configuration. In this case, the signaling in the second step may assign values to any unassigned channel access parameters and trigger a repeater- assisted channel access procedure.
  • both the configuration in the first step and the signaling in the second step may indicate values for one or more channel access parameters, in which case a value indicated by the signaling may override a value indicated by the configuration, or alternatively, the value indicated by the signaling may be neglected. Additionally or alternatively, there may be no configuration, and an indication from the base station (e.g., gNB) to the NCR 116 to perform repeater-assisted channel access procedure may only comprise the dynamic signaling in the second step.
  • the base station e.g., gNB
  • Whether a certain channel access procedure parameter is assigned a value by a configuration in the first step or signaling in the second step may not affect certain aspects of the NCR 116 behavior according to the techniques discussed herein. For example, aspects such as timing of applying a parameter value or control signaling overhead on the control link (C-link) 210 may change without changing other aspects such as the signal forwarding behavior on the NCR backhaul link 202. Therefore, the phrase “configuration/signaling” may be used herein to refer to any combination of one or both of configuration and signaling that indicates the information when the latter (unchanging) aspects are concerned.
  • a direction of channel access may refer to an RX beam indicated by a direction, an angle value, a spatial quasi-collocation (QCL) (e.g., QCL Type D) with a reference signal, a transmission configuration indication (TCI) state comprising a spatial QCL, or the like.
  • QCL spatial quasi-collocation
  • TCI transmission configuration indication
  • one or multiple RX beams or directions for channel access may be configured as follows: Direction #1 ; Direction #2; ... ; Direction #N.
  • values for the direction parameters may or may not be assigned. If the values are not assigned in the configuration, a value assignment may be indicated by a dynamic signaling that triggers a repeater-assisted channel access procedure.
  • a sensing duration may be indicated by a value in time units, e.g., microseconds (us), a value in units of symbols (e.g., symbol durations) possibly associated with an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) numerology or subcarrier spacing (SCS), or the like.
  • OFDM orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
  • SCS subcarrier spacing
  • a sensing duration value may be obtained implicitly, for example by indicating a value for a parameter such as channel sensing type, based on which the NCR 116 may determine a duration for the associated repeater-assisted LBT.
  • a value of amplification gain may also be configured, which indicates the amplification gain the NCR 116 should apply when forwarding any signals received during the channel sensing duration.
  • This amplification gain may be important, for example, because the gNB compares the received signal strength with a threshold, such as an energy detection (ED) threshold, in order to determine whether the medium is busy or idle.
  • ED energy detection
  • one or multiple amplification gains may be configured as follows: Gain #1; Gain #2; ... ; Gain #M.
  • amplification gain may be equal, which may be indicated by configuration or obtained by other explicit or implicit means such as an uplink power control signaling.
  • the NCR 116 may determine an amplification gain based on the estimated path loss between NCR 116 and base station 102 (e.g., gNB). This will ensure that the signal relayed by the NCR 116 is received with the same (or approximately same) power level as the sensed power level seen by the NCR 116.
  • base station 102 e.g., gNB
  • the base station 102 may send a control message to the NCR 116 comprising values for any unassigned parameters for repeater-assisted channel access procedure.
  • the control message may be an L1/L2 control message such as a DCI message in a PDCCH or a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) message.
  • MAC medium access control
  • CE control element
  • values for sensing directions may be indicated as the following example:
  • Direction #1 : QCL Type D with synchronization signal block (SSB) #2;
  • Direction #2 : QCL Type D with CSI-RS #5;
  • Direction #5 : QCL Type D with SRS #3;
  • Direction #8 : 45 degrees with respect to a reference angle;
  • the “reference angle” in the above example may be one of the following: an absolute angle such as an azimuth angle with respect to North, East, South, or West; an angle associated with a line of sight (LOS) between the gNB and the NCR; an angle associated with a beam direction, which may be associated with a signal such as a reference signal (SSB, CSI-RS, etc.).
  • an absolute angle such as an azimuth angle with respect to North, East, South, or West
  • LOS line of sight
  • SSB reference signal
  • CSI-RS CSI-RS
  • Sensing Type #1 SensingSlot
  • Sensing Type #8 SensingDeferral
  • Values for amplification gain may also be indicated in the control message (i.e., the signaling in the second step).
  • the configuration may comprise other channel access parameters such as a sensing (e.g., LBT) bandwidth, whether the sensing and/or channel access is omni-directional, pseudo-omnidirectional, or directional, and the like.
  • a sensing e.g., LBT
  • LBT low-power Bluetooth
  • the sensing and/or channel access is omni-directional, pseudo-omnidirectional, or directional, and the like.
  • the NCR 116 may receive one multiple configurations in the first step, where each configuration may assign values to some or all parameters for a repeater- assisted channel access procedure. Then, the control message in the second step may comprise an index to one of the configurations and indication of values for any parameters that are not assigned a value by the indexed configuration. In some implementations, if a parameter is assigned a value by both configuration and signaling, the signaling may override the value assigned by the configuration for the repeater-assisted channel access procedure occasion that the signaling triggers.
  • the NCR 116 receives any signals and forwards them to the base station 102 (e.g., gNB) according to the parameters indicated in the configuration or signaling of the first and second steps.
  • the third step may comprise the following: applying an Rx beam in one or multiple directions indicated by the configuration/signaling; receiving any signals for a sensing duration indicated by the configuration/signaling, or alternatively, for a duration associated with an indicated channel sensing type; applying the indicated/associated amplification gain for forwarding the signals; or forwarding the amplified signals to the base station (e.g., gNB).
  • the NCR 116 may forward the amplified signal for a longer duration, e.g., the full sensing slot duration of 9 ps to make sure the forwarded signal falls (e.g., completely) within the sensing slot period/duration of the base station 102 (e.g., gNB).
  • the base station 102 e.g., gNB
  • FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a system 500 that supports channel access by the repeater in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the NCR 116 receives a configuration from the base station 102, where the configuration may indicate one or more channel access parameters. This channel access configuration at 502 may also be referred to below as the first step with respect to channel access by the repeater.
  • the NCR receives a control message signaling from the base station 102, where the signaling indicates values for any unassigned LBT parameters and/or triggers a channel access by the repeater procedure. This control message signaling at 504 may also be referred to below as the second step with respect to channel access by the repeater.
  • the NCR 116 performs a channel access procedure according to the configuration (indicated at 502) and/or signaling (indicated at 504). This performing at 506 may also be referred to below as the third step with respect to channel access by the repeater.
  • the NCR 116 reports the result of the channel access procedure at 506 to the base station 102. This reporting may also be referred to below as the fourth step with respect to channel access by the repeater.
  • the NCR 116 receives a configuration from a base station 102 (e.g., a gNB), where the configuration may indicate channel access parameters to the NCR such as at least one of: one or more RX beams or directions for channel access procedure; one or more durations for channel access procedure; one or more sensing types; one or more values of ED threshold; or other LBT parameters such as one or multiple values of a priority class, one or more channel access categories, and optionally parameters for a channel access category, such as a contention window size or a minimum/maximum value for a random determination of a contention window size.
  • the channel access configuration at 502 may be communicated over the control link (C-link) 210.
  • C-link control link
  • the NCR 116 receives a signaling (e.g., a control message) from the base station 102 (e.g., a gNB), wherein the signaling indicates values for any unassigned LBT parameters and/or triggers a channel access by the repeater procedure.
  • the signaling at 404 may be communicated over the control link (C-link) 210.
  • the first step discussed above description refers to a configuration prior to triggering the channel access procedure.
  • the NCR 116 may receive values for the channel access parameters by configuration in the first step, while the dynamic signaling in the second step triggers a configured channel access procedure. Additionally or alternatively, some channel access parameters may not be assigned by the configuration. Additionally or alternatively, both the configuration in the first step and the signaling in the second step may indicate values for one or more channel access parameters, in which case a value indicated by the signaling may override a value indicated by the configuration, or alternatively, the value indicated by the signaling may be neglected.
  • configuration/signaling may be used herein to refer to any combination of one or both of configuration and signaling that indicates the information.
  • the configuration/signaling to the NCR may include at least one of sensing direction, sensing duration, or sensing type analogous to the discussion above regarding repeater-assisted channel access.
  • all values of ED threshold may be equal, which may be indicated by configuration or obtained by other explicit or implicit manners such as regulations or the standard specification.
  • the base station 102 e.g., a gNB
  • the control message may be an L1/L2 control message such as a DCI message in a PDCCH or a MAC CE message.
  • values for ED threshold may be indicated such as the following example: ED threshold #1, associated with beam-width #1, beam-width #3; ED threshold #2, associated with beam-width #2; ....
  • Association between an ED threshold value and a beam-width may be determined by the standard specification, regulation, or configuration.
  • channel access procedure parameters such as a priority class may be indicated in the channel access procedure configuration and/or the control message signaling.
  • the NCR 116 may perform channel access procedure according to indicated parameter values for a sensing direction, sensing duration, sensing type, and/or ED threshold.
  • This step may comprise the following: applying an Rx beam in one or multiple directions indicated by the configuration/signaling; receiving any signals for a duration indicated by the configuration/signaling, or alternatively, for a duration associated with an indicated channel access procedure type; comparing a signal strength of the received signals with the indicated ED threshold to determine whether the medium (channel) is idle or busy; if the signal strength is not larger than the ED threshold, then the medium is determined as idle; if the signal strength is larger than the ED threshold, then the medium is determined as busy.
  • the NCR 116 may perform the following in the fourth step: if the medium is determined as idle, the NCR 116 decrements a backoff timer, and if the timer reaches zero, the NCR 116 may report an idle medium to the base station 102 (e.g., a gNB); if the medium is determined as busy, the NCR 116 continues the sensing.
  • the base station 102 e.g., a gNB
  • the NCR 116 may receive an indication of a UE 104 identity/identifier (ID) in the channel access procedure configuration or control message signaling. Then, upon receiving an indication to perform a sensing associated with the UE 104 ID, the NCR 116 may perform channel access procedure as describe above. Then: if the medium is determined as idle, the NCR 116 decrements a backoff timer, and if the timer reaches zero, the scheduling request (SR) may report an idle medium to the base station 102 (e.g., a gNB); if the medium is determined as busy, the NCR 116 continues the channel access procedure.
  • ID UE 104 identity/identifier
  • the base station 102 may start transmitting the signals.
  • the base station 102 e.g., a gNB
  • the base station 102 may perform a channel access procedure of its own in order to determine whether the medium is idle.
  • the base station 102 e.g., a gNB
  • the NCR 116 may or may not relay the base station’s signal(s) based on whether the NCR 116 determines that the medium is idle based on its own channel access procedure.
  • the base station 102 e.g., a gNB
  • the NCR 116 does not relay the base station’s signal(s) to one or more target UE(s) 104.
  • the error rate as perceived by the base station 102 may increase compared to the other techniques. This issue may be addressed, for example, by appropriate adjustments in the hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) process.
  • HARQ hybrid automatic repeat request
  • the NCR 116 informs the base station 102 (e.g., a gNB) that it did not relay the base station’s signal, possibly indicating which directions or which target UEs 104 were not being served by the NCR 116 due to the busy medium as perceived by the NCR 116.
  • the information may be communicated, for example, by means of a MAC control element containing a set of beams, transmission configuration indicator (TCI), UE IDs, for which the NCR 116 did not relay the base station’s signal.
  • TCI transmission configuration indicator
  • UE IDs for which the NCR 116 did not relay the base station’s signal.
  • the information may be communicated by a not-acknowledgement (NACK) message produced by the NCR 116 and transmitted to the base station 102.
  • NACK not-acknowledgement
  • the wireless communications system 100 supports one or both of repeater-assisted channel access and channel access by the repeater. Whether an NCR is capable of performing either or both of the methods may be indicated in various manners, such as by a capability signaling to the gNB. Then, the gNB may send configuration and signaling according to the channel access procedure capability of the repeater. The NCR may additionally indicate what specific aspects, functions, parameters, range of values, or the like associated with channel access method it supports. Alternatively, the capability and/or the additional information may be provided to the network through a hard-coded or 0AM (pre-)configuration.
  • One consistent LBT failure detection mechanism introduces a counter/timer: Ibt- FailureDetectionTimer.
  • the counter is first reset to 0. Then, every time an LBT failure is detected by LI, the timer is incremented. Any time that the UE does not experience LBT failure, the counter is reset to 0. However, if the counter reaches a threshold Ibt-FailurelnstanceMaxCount, the UE reports a consistent LBT failure to the higher layers.
  • LBT failure does not mean a sensing/LBT mechanism that returns channel ‘busy.’ Instead, it refers to a case where LBT fails to allow channel/medium access, according to the specification/signaling, within a certain time period.
  • one counter/timer Ibt-FailureDetectionTimer is used for directional LBT. This information may be indicated to the NCR through configuration/signaling, e.g., when the NCR performs the channel access procedure itself (e.g., the channel access by the repeater discussed above).
  • each counter is associated with an Rx beam used for sensing, or generally, a beam used for sensing.
  • This information may be indicated to the NCR through configuration/signaling, e.g., when the NCR performs the channel access procedure itself (e.g., the channel access by the repeater discussed above).
  • information of association between a counter and an Rx beam may be indicated to the NCR in a configuration (in step 1). Then, when a control message signaling (in step 2) indicates an Rx beam, the NCR may use the associated counter for performing the channel access procedure.
  • each counter is associated with one or multiple associated Rx beams used for sensing.
  • the association between Rx beams may be defined such that, for example, the angle between any of the Rx beams and a reference angle is not larger than a threshold.
  • the reference angle may be hypothetical, or instead, associated with a reference Rx beam.
  • the beamwidths associated with the Rx beams are identical, or otherwise the difference between the beamwidths is not larger than a threshold.
  • a method of ED threshold adaptation may be used so as to compensate the variation of antenna gain associated with the change of beam-width.
  • the Rx beams are each associated with another beam such as an SS/PBCH (SSB) beam or periodic tracking reference signal (TRS) beam, e.g., SSB or periodic TRS is the QCL source RS with spatial QCL indication such the QCL Type D.
  • SSB SS/PBCH
  • TRS tracking reference signal
  • each counter is associated with a Tx beam used for channel access after sensing.
  • This information may be indicated to the NCR through configuration/signaling, e.g., when NCR performs the channel access procedure itself (e.g., the channel access by the repeater discussed above).
  • information of association between a counter and a Tx beam may be indicated to the NCR in a configuration (in step 1). Then, when a control message signaling (in step 2) indicates a Tx beam, the NCR may use the associated counter for performing the channel access procedure.
  • each counter is associated with one or multiple associated Tx beams used for channel access after sensing.
  • the association between Tx beams may be defined such that, for example, the angle between any of the Tx beams and a reference angle is not larger than a threshold.
  • the reference angle may be hypothetical, or instead, associated with a reference Tx beam.
  • the beamwidths associated with the Tx beams are identical, or otherwise the difference between the beamwidths is not larger than a threshold.
  • a method of ED threshold adaptation may be used so as to compensate the variation of antenna gain associated with the change of beam-width.
  • the Tx beams are each associated with another beam such as an SS/PBCH (SSB) beam or periodic TRS beam, e.g., SSB or periodic TRS is the QCL source RS with spatial quasi-collocation (QCL) indication such the QCL Type D.
  • SSB SS/PBCH
  • QCL spatial quasi-collocation
  • a node/entity sensing a channel with different beams is configured with one Ibt-FailureDetectionTimer.
  • the node increments the Ibt-FailureDetectionTimer by one, when LBT fails in all beam directions where sensing is performed. If the node has a successful LBT in at least one beam direction, the node resets the Ibt-FailureDetectionTimer to zero.
  • a node/entity sensing a channel with different beams is configured with one Ibt-FailureDetectionTimer.
  • the node increments the Ibt- FailureDetectionTimer by one, when LBT fails in at least M beam directions where sensing is performed. Otherwise, the node resets the Ibt-FailureDetectionTimer to zero.
  • M may be configured or signalled as a fixed number, or alternatively, it may be configured or signalled as a ratio of the total number of beams used for the sensing.
  • 3GPP TS 37.213 definitions related to channel access such as those related to mechanisms for sensing, backoff, and transmission of signals are assumed according to how the terms are understood in the related literature including 3GPP TS 37.213.
  • a definition may be applied, but with a different value for a related parameter.
  • the parameter values specified in 3GPP TS 37.213 may be applied to one frequency band while other values may be applied for a millimeter- wave frequency band in the implementations and examples discussed herein.
  • transmitting a signal instead of transmitting a transmission, transmitting a signal is used.
  • sensing a medium instead of sensing a channel, sensing a medium is used, e.g., to avoid confusing a channel according to the definition in 3GPP TS 37.213 as a part of the spectrum with the more common definition of a channel in standard specifications such as physical control channels and physical shared channels.
  • a sensing/LBT/clear channel assessment (CCA)/enhanced CCA (eCCA) may be called successful if the medium/channel is sensed idle, while it may be called failed if the medium/channel is sensed busy.
  • CCA sensing/LBT/clear channel assessment
  • eCCA enhanced CCA
  • a symbol/slot “occurring” at a time may refer to a start time or end time of the symbol/slot occurring at the time, possibly plus or minus a tolerance interval. Particularly, a symbol may be called occurring at a time if the time is anytime from the start to the end of the symbol.
  • the timing of a symbol may be determined with respect to a frame/subframe/slot timing determined with reference to synchronization signals, and possibly in association with a numerology parameter such as a subcarrier spacing (SCS).
  • SCS subcarrier spacing
  • exponential-reset refers to a method of exponential increase of the contention window size in response to a continuing channel access failure, but a reset of the contention window size in response to a successful channel access.
  • MIAD multiplicative-increase additive- decrease
  • a beam may be indicated by a spatial parameter such as a reference signal ID, a reference signal resource indicator, a spatial quasi-collocation (QCL) parameter such as a QCL Type D, a TCI state, a geographical direction of communication, a range of geographical directions for communication, an associated beam-width, or the like.
  • a spatial parameter such as a reference signal ID, a reference signal resource indicator, a spatial quasi-collocation (QCL) parameter such as a QCL Type D, a TCI state, a geographical direction of communication, a range of geographical directions for communication, an associated beam-width, or the like.
  • QCL spatial quasi-collocation
  • a beam parameter may be a beam direction, a beam-width, a TCI state ID, an RS ID, a QCL Type D parameter comprising an RS ID as a resource, or a combination thereof.
  • NCR NCR
  • Indications to an NCR may be performed by a hard-coded pre-configuration, an operation, administration, and management (0AM) static configuration, or a higher-layer (e.g., radio resource control (RRC)) semi-static configuration, lower- lay er (e.g., L1/L2) dynamic signaling, or a combination thereof.
  • RRC radio resource control
  • L1/L2 lower- lay er
  • the focus is on a functionality of an indication rather than the format and the originating network layer (e.g., 0AM vs. RRC vs. L1/L2)
  • the general terms “configuration/signaling” or “configured/signaled” may be used.
  • Control link indications to an NCR from the network may control the output power, the gain applied to a received signal before forwarding the signal, or both. The effect is similar when implementing the techniques discussed herein.
  • An indication to the NCR may intend to control P_y, G, or both.
  • the general term power/gain in this disclosure may refer to one or both of these parameters.
  • Repeating or relaying a signal by a repeater or relay may comprise receiving the signal, potentially processing the signal, and transmitting the potentially processed signal.
  • the processing may comprise amplifying the signal, denoising the signal, and so on.
  • the processing may comprise applying a frequency offset, also known as applying a frequency shift or shifting the frequency.
  • Transmitting the potentially processed signal may also be referred to as forwarding the signal, hence the term amplify-and-forward. This term may be used herein and the more generic term transmitting may also be used.
  • the techniques discussed herein may be applied to the following examples: a repeater, for example an analog/RF repeater, without a network control channel, where a configuration of applying a frequency offset is provided by a pre-configuration on a hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof, accessible by the repeater; a digital/D&F/baseband repeater with a network control channel, a pre-configuration on a hardware/software/firmware, or a combination thereof.
  • an antenna panel may be a hardware that is used for transmitting and/or receiving radio signals at frequencies lower than 6GHz, e.g., frequency range 1 (FR1), or higher than 6GHz, e.g., frequency range 2 (FR2) or millimeter wave (mmWave).
  • an antenna panel may comprise an array of antenna elements, where each antenna element is connected to hardware such as a phase shifter that allows a control module to apply spatial parameters for transmission and/or reception of signals.
  • the resulting radiation pattern may be called a beam, which may or may not be unimodal and may allow the device (e.g., UE 104, node) to amplify signals that are transmitted or received from one or multiple spatial directions.
  • an antenna panel may or may not be virtualized as an antenna port in the specifications.
  • An antenna panel may be connected to a baseband processing module through a RF chain for each of transmission (egress) and reception (ingress) directions.
  • a capability of a device in terms of the number of antenna panels, their duplexing capabilities, their beamforming capabilities, and so on, may or may not be transparent to other devices.
  • capability information may be communicated via signaling or, in one or more implementations, capability information may be provided to devices without a need for signaling. In the case that such information is available to other devices such as a central unit (CU), it can be used for signaling or local decision making.
  • CU central unit
  • an antenna panel may be a physical or logical antenna array including a set of antenna elements or antenna ports that share a common or a significant portion of an RF chain (e.g., in-phase/quadrature (I/Q) modulator, analog to digital (A/D) converter, local oscillator, phase shift network).
  • the antenna panel may be a logical entity with physical antennas mapped to the logical entity. The mapping of physical antennas to the logical entity may be up to implementation.
  • Communicating (receiving or transmitting) on at least a subset of antenna elements or antenna ports active for radiating energy (also referred to herein as active elements) of an antenna panel requires biasing or powering on of the RF chain which results in current drain or power consumption in the device (e.g., node) associated with the antenna panel (including power amplifier/low noise amplifier (LNA) power consumption associated with the antenna elements or antenna ports).
  • LNA low noise amplifier
  • an antenna element that is active for radiating energy may be coupled to a transmitter to transmit radio frequency energy or to a receiver to receive radio frequency energy, either simultaneously or sequentially, or may be coupled to a transceiver in general, for performing its intended functionality. Communicating on the active elements of an antenna panel enables generation of radiation patterns or beams.
  • a “panel” can have at least one of the following functionalities as an operational role of Unit of antenna group to control its Tx beam independently, Unit of antenna group to control its transmission power independently, Unit of antenna group to control its transmission timing independently.
  • the “panel” may be transparent to another node (e.g., next hop neighbor node).
  • another node or network entity can assume the mapping between device's physical antennas to the logical entity “panel” may not be changed.
  • the condition may include until the next update or report from device or comprise a duration of time over which the network entity assumes there will be no change to the mapping.
  • Device may report its capability with respect to the “panel” to the network entity.
  • the device capability may include at least the number of “panels”.
  • the device may support transmission from one beam within a panel; with multiple panels, more than one beam (one beam per panel) may be used for transmission. Additionally or alternatively, more than one beam per panel may be supported/used for transmission.
  • an antenna port is defined such that the channel over which a symbol on the antenna port is conveyed can be inferred from the channel over which another symbol on the same antenna port is conveyed.
  • Two antenna ports are said to be quasi co-located (QCL) if the large-scale properties of the channel over which a symbol on one antenna port is conveyed can be inferred from the channel over which a symbol on the other antenna port is conveyed.
  • the large-scale properties include one or more of delay spread, Doppler spread, Doppler shift, average gain, average delay, and spatial Rx parameters.
  • Two antenna ports may be quasi-located with respect to a subset of the large-scale properties and different subset of large-scale properties may be indicated by a QCL Type.
  • the QCL Type can indicate which channel properties are the same between the two reference signals (e.g., on the two antenna ports).
  • qcl-Type may take one of the following values.
  • Other qcl-Types may be defined based on combination of one or large-scale properties:
  • Spatial Rx parameters may include one or more of: angle of arrival (AoA,) Dominant AoA, average AoA, angular spread, Power Angular Spectrum (PAS) of AoA, average AoD (angle of departure), PAS of AoD, transmit/receive channel correlation, transmit/receive beamforming, spatial channel correlation, etc.
  • AoA angle of arrival
  • Dominant AoA Dominant AoA
  • average AoA angular spread
  • PAS Power Angular Spectrum
  • PAS Power Angular Spectrum
  • transmit/receive channel correlation transmit/receive beamforming
  • spatial channel correlation etc.
  • the QCL-TypeA, QCL-TypeB and QCL-TypeC may be applicable for all carrier frequencies, but the QCL-TypeD may be applicable only in higher carrier frequencies (e.g., mmWave, FR2 and beyond), where essentially the device may not be able to perform omni-directional transmission, e.g., the device would need to form beams for directional transmission.
  • a QCL-TypeD between two reference signals A and B, the reference signal A is considered to be spatially co-located with reference signal B and the device may assume that the reference signals A and B can be received with the same spatial filter (e.g., with the same RX beamforming weights).
  • An “antenna port” may be a logical port that may correspond to a beam (resulting from beamforming) or may correspond to a physical antenna on a device.
  • a physical antenna may map directly to a single antenna port, in which an antenna port corresponds to an actual physical antenna.
  • a set or subset of physical antennas, or antenna set or antenna array or antenna sub-array may be mapped to one or more antenna ports after applying complex weights, a cyclic delay, or both to the signal on each physical antenna.
  • the physical antenna set may have antennas from a single module or panel or from multiple modules or panels.
  • a TCI-state (Transmission Configuration Indication) associated with a target transmission can indicate parameters for configuring a quasi-collocation relationship between the target transmission (e.g., target RS of demodulation reference signal (DM- RS) ports of the target transmission during a transmission occasion) and a source reference signal(s) (e.g., synchronization signal block (SSB)/CSI-RS/SRS) with respect to quasi co-location type parameter(s) indicated in the corresponding TCI state.
  • DM- RS demodulation reference signal
  • SSB synchronization signal block
  • SRS synchronization signal block
  • the TCI describes which reference signals are used as QCL source, and what QCL properties can be derived from each reference signal.
  • a device can receive a configuration of a plurality of transmission configuration indicator states for a serving cell for transmissions on the serving cell (e.g., between a serving gNB and a network-controlled repeater).
  • a TCI state includes at least one source RS to provide a reference (device assumption) for determining QCL and/or spatial filter.
  • a UL TCI state is provided if a device is configured with separate DL/UL TCI by RRC signaling.
  • the UL TCI state may include a source reference signal which provides a reference for determining UL spatial domain transmission filter for the UL transmission (e.g., dynamic-grant/configured-grant based PUSCH, dedicated PUCCH resources) in a component carrier (CC) or across a set of configured CCs/BWPs.
  • CC component carrier
  • the source RS determined from the indicated joint (or common) TCI state provides QCL Type- D indication (e.g., for device- dedicated PDCCH/PDSCH and is used to determine UL spatial transmission filter (e.g., for UE-dedicated PUSCH/PUCCH for a CC or across a set of configured CCs/BWPs.
  • the UL spatial transmission filter is derived from the RS of DL QCL Type D in the joint TCI state.
  • the spatial setting of the UL transmission may be according to the spatial relation with a reference to the source RS configured with qcl-Type set to 'typeD' in the joint TCI state.
  • each configuration may be provided by one or multiple configurations.
  • An earlier configuration may provide a subset of parameters while a later configuration may provide another subset of parameters.
  • a later configuration may override values provided by an earlier configuration or a pre-configuration.
  • a configuration may be provided by a RRC signaling, a MAC signaling, a physical layer signaling such as a downlink control information (DCI) message, a combination thereof, or other methods.
  • a configuration may include a pre-configuration or a semistatic configuration provided by the standard, by the vendor, by the network/operator, or a combination thereof. Each parameter value received through configuration or indication may override previous values for a similar parameter.
  • L1/L2 control signaling may refer to control signaling in layer 1 (physical layer) or layer 2 (data link layer).
  • an L1/L2 control signaling may refer to an LI control signaling such as a DCI message or a UCI message, an L2 control signaling such as a MAC message, or a combination thereof.
  • a format and an interpretation of an L1/L2 control signaling may be determined by the standard, a configuration, other control signaling, or a combination thereof.
  • a measurement may be performed on resources that are not necessarily configured for reference signals, but rather a node may measure a receive signal power and obtain a receive signal strength indicator (RS SI) or the like.
  • RS SI receive signal strength indicator
  • a beam indication may refer to an indication of a reference signal by an ID or indicator, a resource associated with a reference signal, a spatial relation information comprising information of a reference signal or a reciprocal of a reference signal (in the case of beam correspondence).
  • the communications manager 604, the receiver 610, the transmitter 612, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein.
  • the communications manager 604, the receiver 610, the transmitter 612, or various combinations or components thereof may support a method for performing one or more of the functions described herein.
  • the communications manager 604, the receiver 610, the transmitter 612, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry).
  • the hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure.
  • the processor 606 and the memory 608 coupled with the processor 606 may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., by executing, by the processor 606, instructions stored in the memory 608).
  • the communications manager 604, the receiver 610, the transmitter 612, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code (e.g., as communications management software or firmware) executed by the processor 606. If implemented in code executed by the processor 606, the functions of the communications manager 604, the receiver 610, the transmitter 612, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a central processing unit (CPU), an ASIC, an FPGA, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices (e.g., configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure).
  • code e.g., as communications management software or firmware
  • the functions of the communications manager 604, the receiver 610, the transmitter 612, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a central processing unit (CPU), an ASIC, an FPGA, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices (e.g., configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in
  • the communications manager 604 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, monitoring, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 610, the transmitter 612, or both.
  • the communications manager 604 may receive information from the receiver 610, send information to the transmitter 612, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 610, the transmitter 612, or both to receive information, transmit information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
  • the communications manager 604 is illustrated as a separate component, in some implementations, one or more functions described with reference to the communications manager 604 may be supported by or performed by the processor 606, the memory 608, or any combination thereof.
  • the memory 608 may store code, which may include instructions executable by the processor 606 to cause the device 602 to perform various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein, or the processor 606 and the memory 608 may be otherwise configured to perform or support such operations.
  • the communications manager 604 may support wireless communication and/or network signaling at a device (e.g., the device 602, an NCR) in accordance with examples as disclosed herein.
  • the communications manager 604 and/or other device components may be configured as or otherwise support an apparatus, such as a UE, including a transceiver; a processor coupled to the transceiver, the processor and the transceiver configured to cause the apparatus to: receive, from a base station, a first signaling indicating a channel access configuration for a wireless channel; receive, from the base station, a second signaling indicating a triggering of a repeater- assisted channel access; in response to the second signaling and based at least in part on the channel access configuration: receive, from the wireless channel, signals; and transmit, to the base station, the signals.
  • an apparatus such as a UE, including a transceiver; a processor coupled to the transceiver, the processor and the transceiver configured to cause the apparatus to: receive, from a base station,
  • the apparatus includes any one or combination of: where the channel access configuration comprises at least one of: one or more sensing directions; one or more sensing durations; one or more amplification gains; or one or more sensing types; where the second signaling indicates at least one of: a subset of the one or more sensing directions; a subset of the one or more sensing durations; a subset of the one or more amplification gains; or a subset of one or more sensing types; where to receive the signals from the wireless channel includes applying a beam associated with a sensing direction of the one or more sensing directions for a sensing duration of the one or more sensing durations; where to transmit the signals to the base station includes applying an amplification gain from the one or more amplification gains; where the wireless channel is in an unlicensed spectrum; where the apparatus comprises a network-controlled repeater.
  • the communications manager 604 and/or other device components may be configured as or otherwise support a means for wireless communication and/or network signaling at an NCR, including receiving, from a base station, a first signaling indicating a channel access configuration for a wireless channel; receiving, from the base station, a second signaling indicating a triggering of a repeater-assisted channel access; in response to the second signaling and based at least in part on the channel access configuration: receiving, from the wireless channel, signals; and transmitting, to the base station, the signals.
  • wireless communication and/or network signaling at the NCR includes any one or combination of: where the channel access configuration comprises at least one of: one or more sensing directions; one or more sensing durations; one or more amplification gains; or one or more sensing types; where the second signaling indicates at least one of: a subset of the one or more sensing directions; a subset of the one or more sensing durations; a subset of the one or more amplification gains; or a subset of one or more sensing types; where receiving the signals from the wireless channel includes applying a beam associated with a sensing direction of the one or more sensing directions for a sensing duration of the one or more sensing durations; where transmitting the signals to the base station includes applying an amplification gain from the one or more amplification gains; where the wireless channel is in an unlicensed spectrum; where the method is implemented in a network- controlled repeater.
  • the processor 606 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof).
  • the processor 606 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller.
  • a memory controller may be integrated into the processor 606.
  • the processor 606 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory 608) to cause the device 602 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.
  • the memory 608 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM).
  • the memory 608 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 606 cause the device 602 to perform various functions described herein.
  • the code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory.
  • the code may not be directly executable by the processor 606 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein.
  • the memory 608 may include, among other things, a basic I/O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
  • BIOS basic I/O system
  • the I/O controller 614 may manage input and output signals for the device 602.
  • the I/O controller 614 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device 602.
  • the I/O controller 614 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral.
  • the I/O controller 614 may utilize an operating system such as iOS®, ANDROID®, MS-DOS®, MS-WINDOWS®, OS/2®, UNIX®, LINUX®, or another known operating system.
  • the I/O controller 614 may be implemented as part of a processor, such as the processor 606.
  • a user may interact with the device 602 via the I/O controller 614 or via hardware components controlled by the I/O controller 614.
  • the device 602 may include a single antenna 616. However, in some other implementations, the device 602 may have more than one antenna 616, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions.
  • the receiver 610 and the transmitter 612 may communicate bi-directionally, via the one or more antennas 616, wired, or wireless links as described herein.
  • the receiver 610 and the transmitter 612 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver.
  • the transceiver may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 616 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 616.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a block diagram 700 of a device 702 that supports repeater-assisted channel access with network-controlled repeaters in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the device 702 may be an example of a base station 102, such as a gNB as described herein.
  • the device 702 may support wireless communication and/or network signaling with one or more base stations 102, other UEs 104, core network devices and functions (e.g., core network 106), or any combination thereof.
  • the device 702 may include components for bi-directional communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a communications manager 704, a processor 706, a memory 708, a receiver 710, a transmitter 712, and an I/O controller 714. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses).
  • the communications manager 704, the receiver 710, the transmitter 712, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein.
  • the communications manager 704, the receiver 710, the transmitter 712, or various combinations or components thereof may support a method for performing one or more of the functions described herein.
  • the communications manager 704, the receiver 710, the transmitter 712, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry).
  • the hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure.
  • the processor 706 and the memory 708 coupled with the processor 706 may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., by executing, by the processor 706, instructions stored in the memory 708).
  • the communications manager 704, the receiver 710, the transmitter 712, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code (e.g., as communications management software or firmware) executed by the processor 706. If implemented in code executed by the processor 706, the functions of the communications manager 704, the receiver 710, the transmitter 712, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a central processing unit (CPU), an ASIC, an FPGA, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices (e.g., configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure).
  • code e.g., as communications management software or firmware
  • the functions of the communications manager 704, the receiver 710, the transmitter 712, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a central processing unit (CPU), an ASIC, an FPGA, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices (e.g., configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in
  • the communications manager 704 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, monitoring, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 710, the transmitter 712, or both.
  • the communications manager 704 may receive information from the receiver 710, send information to the transmitter 712, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 710, the transmitter 712, or both to receive information, transmit information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
  • the communications manager 704 is illustrated as a separate component, in some implementations, one or more functions described with reference to the communications manager 704 may be supported by or performed by the processor 706, the memory 708, or any combination thereof.
  • the memory 708 may store code, which may include instructions executable by the processor 706 to cause the device 702 to perform various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein, or the processor 706 and the memory 708 may be otherwise configured to perform or support such operations.
  • the communications manager 704 may support wireless communication and/or network signaling at a device (e.g., the device 702, a base station) in accordance with examples as disclosed herein.
  • the communications manager 704 and/or other device components may be configured as or otherwise support an apparatus, such as a base station, including a transceiver; a processor coupled to the transceiver, the processor and the transceiver configured to cause the apparatus to: transmit, to a NCR, a first signaling indicating a channel access configuration for a wireless channel; transmit, to the NCR, a second signaling indicating a triggering of a repeater- assisted channel access; receive, from the NCR, signals received by the NCR from the wireless channel based at least in part on the channel access configuration.
  • the apparatus e.g., a base station
  • the channel access configuration comprises at least one of: one or more sensing directions; one or more sensing durations; one or more amplification gains; or one or more sensing types
  • the second signaling indicates at least one of: a subset of the one or more sensing directions; a subset of the one or more sensing durations; a subset of the one or more amplification gains; or a subset of one or more sensing types
  • the signals are received by the NCR from the wireless channel by applying a beam associated with a sensing direction of the one or more sensing directions for a sensing duration of the one or more sensing durations; where the wireless channel is in an unlicensed spectrum; where the apparatus comprises a base station.
  • the communications manager 704 and/or other device components may be configured as or otherwise support a means for wireless communication and/or network signaling at a base station, including transmitting, to a NCR, a first signaling indicating a channel access configuration for a wireless channel; transmitting, to the NCR, a second signaling indicating a triggering of a repeater- assisted channel access; and receiving, from the NCR, signals received by the NCR from the wireless channel based at least in part on the channel access configuration.
  • wireless communication at the base station includes any one or combination of: where the channel access configuration comprises at least one of: one or more sensing directions; one or more sensing durations; one or more amplification gains; or one or more sensing types; where the second signaling indicates at least one of: a subset of the one or more sensing directions; a subset of the one or more sensing durations; a subset of the one or more amplification gains; or a subset of one or more sensing types; where the signals are received by the NCR from the wireless channel by applying a beam associated with a sensing direction of the one or more sensing directions for a sensing duration of the one or more sensing durations; where the wireless channel is in an unlicensed spectrum; where the method is implemented in a base station.
  • the processor 706 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof).
  • the processor 706 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller.
  • a memory controller may be integrated into the processor 706.
  • the processor 706 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory 708) to cause the device 702 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.
  • the memory 708 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM).
  • the memory 708 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 706 cause the device 702 to perform various functions described herein.
  • the code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory.
  • the code may not be directly executable by the processor 706 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein.
  • the memory 708 may include, among other things, a basic I/O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
  • BIOS basic I/O system
  • the I/O controller 714 may manage input and output signals for the device 702.
  • the I/O controller 714 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device 702.
  • the I/O controller 714 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral.
  • the I/O controller 714 may utilize an operating system such as iOS®, ANDROID®, MS-DOS®, MS-WINDOWS®, OS/2®, UNIX®, LINUX®, or another known operating system.
  • the I/O controller 714 may be implemented as part of a processor, such as the processor 706.
  • a user may interact with the device 702 via the I/O controller 714 or via hardware components controlled by the I/O controller 714.
  • the device 702 may include a single antenna 716. However, in some other implementations, the device 702 may have more than one antenna 716, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions.
  • the receiver 710 and the transmitter 712 may communicate bi-directionally, via the one or more antennas 716, wired, or wireless links as described herein.
  • the receiver 710 and the transmitter 712 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver.
  • the transceiver may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 716 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 716.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a flowchart of a method 800 that supports repeater-assisted channel access with network-controlled repeaters in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the operations of the method 800 may be implemented and performed by a device or its components, such as an NCR 116 as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 7.
  • the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
  • the method may include receiving, from a base station, a first signaling indicating a channel access configuration for a wireless channel.
  • the operations of 802 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 802 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1.
  • the method may include receiving, from the base station, a second signaling indicating a triggering of a repeater-assisted channel access.
  • the operations of 804 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 804 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1.
  • the method may include in response to the second signaling and based at least in part on the channel access configuration: receiving, from the wireless channel, signals; and transmitting, to the base station, the signals.
  • the operations of 806 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 806 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart of a method 900 that supports repeater-assisted channel access with network-controlled repeaters in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the operations of the method 900 may be implemented and performed by a device or its components, such as an NCR 116 as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 7.
  • the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
  • the method may include the channel access configuration comprising at least one of: one or more sensing directions; one or more sensing durations; one or more amplification gains; or one or more sensing types.
  • the operations of 902 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 902 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1.
  • the method may include receiving the signals from the wireless channel includes applying a beam associated with a sensing direction of the one or more sensing directions for a sensing duration of the one or more sensing durations.
  • the operations of 904 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 904 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1000 that supports repeater-assisted channel access with network-controlled repeaters in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the operations of the method 1000 may be implemented and performed by a device or its components, such as an NCR 116 as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 7.
  • the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
  • the method may include the channel access configuration comprising at least one of: one or more sensing directions; one or more sensing durations; one or more amplification gains; or one or more sensing types.
  • the operations of 1002 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1002 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1.
  • the method may include transmitting the signals to the base station includes applying an amplification gain from the one or more amplification gains.
  • the operations of 1004 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1004 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1100 that supports repeater-assisted channel access with network-controlled repeaters in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the operations of the method 1100 may be implemented and performed by a device or its components, such as a base station 102 (e.g., a gNB) as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 7.
  • the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
  • the method may include transmitting, to a NCR, a first signaling indicating a channel access configuration for a wireless channel.
  • the operations of 1102 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1102 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1.
  • the method may include transmitting, to the NCR, a second signaling indicating a triggering of a repeater-assisted channel access.
  • the operations of 1104 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1104 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1.
  • the method may include receiving, from the NCR, signals received by the NCR from the wireless channel based at least in part on the channel access configuration.
  • the operations of 1106 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1106 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1.
  • a general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine.
  • a processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
  • the functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer- readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
  • Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another.
  • a non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer.
  • non- transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or specialpurpose processor.
  • any connection may be properly termed a computer-readable medium.
  • the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave
  • the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of computer-readable medium.
  • Disk and disc include CD, laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk and Blu-ray disc where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer- readable media.
  • “or” as used in a list of items indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C, or AB or AC or BC, or ABC (i.e., A and B and C).
  • a list of one or more of A, B, or C means A or B or C, or AB or AC or BC, or ABC (i.e., A and B and C).
  • a list of at least one of A; B; or C means A or B or C, or AB or AC or BC, or ABC (i.e., A and B and C).
  • a list of one or more of A; B; or C means A or B or C, or AB or AC or BC, or ABC (i.e., A and B and C).
  • the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. Further, as used herein, including in the claims, a “set” may include one or more elements.

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Abstract

Un répéteur commandé par réseau (NCR) se réfère à un répéteur qui est commandé par le réseau (par exemple, par une station de base). Le réseau configure et signale au NCR d'effectuer un accès au canal assisté par répéteur, par exemple, à l'aide du spectre sans licence. Le NCR écoute le support et relaie tout signal qu'il reçoit vers la station de base. La station de base effectue une détection de canal sur la base, au moins en partie, des signaux relayés et accède au support si le canal est détecté comme étant au repos.
PCT/IB2023/054907 2022-05-19 2023-05-12 Accès à un canal assisté par répéteur avec des répéteurs commandés par réseau WO2023223159A1 (fr)

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Citations (3)

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US20200351669A1 (en) * 2018-05-10 2020-11-05 Sony Corporation Electronic apparatus, wireless communication method and computer-readable medium
WO2021180052A1 (fr) * 2020-03-11 2021-09-16 上海朗帛通信技术有限公司 Procédé et dispositif utilisés dans un nœud de communication sans fil
US20210378011A1 (en) * 2020-05-26 2021-12-02 Qualcomm Incorporated Sharing channel occupancy time across nodes of an integrated access backhaul network

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US20200351669A1 (en) * 2018-05-10 2020-11-05 Sony Corporation Electronic apparatus, wireless communication method and computer-readable medium
WO2021180052A1 (fr) * 2020-03-11 2021-09-16 上海朗帛通信技术有限公司 Procédé et dispositif utilisés dans un nœud de communication sans fil
US20220417992A1 (en) * 2020-03-11 2022-12-29 Shanghai Langbo Communication Technology Company Limited Method and device in nodes used for wireless communication
US20210378011A1 (en) * 2020-05-26 2021-12-02 Qualcomm Incorporated Sharing channel occupancy time across nodes of an integrated access backhaul network

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