WO2023206902A1 - 一种非接触式生命体征监测*** - Google Patents

一种非接触式生命体征监测*** Download PDF

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WO2023206902A1
WO2023206902A1 PCT/CN2022/116857 CN2022116857W WO2023206902A1 WO 2023206902 A1 WO2023206902 A1 WO 2023206902A1 CN 2022116857 W CN2022116857 W CN 2022116857W WO 2023206902 A1 WO2023206902 A1 WO 2023206902A1
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module
signal
mattress
human body
acquisition module
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PCT/CN2022/116857
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
曹世华
乐宇超
陈正
何丹妮
陈彦飞
钱倍颖
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杭州师范大学
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Publication of WO2023206902A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023206902A1/zh

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    • A61B5/0015—Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network characterised by features of the telemetry system
    • A61B5/0022—Monitoring a patient using a global network, e.g. telephone networks, internet
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    • A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of medical equipment, and specifically relates to a non-contact vital signs monitoring system.
  • non-contact vital signs monitoring technology allows the monitored person to complete physical examinations without interference in daily life, and By collecting and analyzing vital sign data, suggestions are given to help them avoid bad living habits and prevent chronic diseases.
  • non-contact vital sign monitoring technology can be applied in various fields of life such as medical care, nursing, chronic disease management and health monitoring.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a non-contact vital sign monitoring system.
  • the invention is a non-contact vital sign monitoring system, which is installed on a mattress and includes a non-contact vital sign signal acquisition and processing system.
  • the non-contact vital sign signal acquisition and processing system includes a BCG signal acquisition module, a human body pressure acquisition module and a control module.
  • the BCG signal acquisition module uses a piezoelectric ceramic array.
  • the piezoelectric ceramic sheet array includes several piezoelectric ceramic sheet arrays arranged along the length direction of the mattress; a single piezoelectric ceramic sheet array includes several piezoelectric ceramic sheet arrays sequentially arranged in the width direction of the mattress.
  • the human body pressure acquisition module is set on the side of the BCG signal acquisition module away from the head end of the mattress and can detect the pressure above itself.
  • the control module extracts the user's heart rate data, breathing data and abnormal sounds during rest through the BCG signal output by the BCG signal acquisition module.
  • the extraction process is: first, digitally filter the BCG signal to extract signals with frequencies between 0.08 to 0.5Hz, 0.66Hz to 3.3Hz, and 20 to 20000Hz;
  • the BCG signal is compared with the peak pattern of the preset normal electrocardiogram signal, and some features that conform to the electrocardiogram signal model are extracted as heart rate data.
  • the control module determines whether there is a user on the mattress through the pressure signal measured by the human body pressure acquisition module.
  • the judgment process is: when the pressure signal is greater than or equal to the preset value, it is judged that the user is on the mattress; when the pressure signal is less than the preset value, it is judged that the user has left the mattress.
  • the non-contact vital signs monitoring system operates in the intelligent ultra-micro power consumption control mode.
  • the control module controls the rest of the non-contact vital signs monitoring system except the human body pressure acquisition module.
  • the component hibernates or shuts down.
  • the control module controls all components in the non-contact vital signs monitoring system to work normally.
  • the human body pressure collecting module is embedded in the mattress, and the resistance pressure belt is arranged along the width direction of the mattress.
  • the signals output by the BCG signal acquisition module and the human body pressure acquisition module are filtered and amplified by the signal filter amplification module and then transmitted to the control module; the signal filter amplification module adopts a 4T power frequency notch filter amplification circuit .
  • control module extracts all signals with peaks in the BCG signal as human body movement signals based on the characteristics of BCG signal peaks generated when the human body turns over on the bed.
  • the snoring signal is used to determine whether the user has apnea; the environmental noise level is used to evaluate the comfort of the sleeping environment.
  • control module communicates with the cloud server through the signal transmitting module; the cloud server communicates with the monitoring computer and mobile terminal.
  • the non-contact vital signs signal collection and processing system also includes a temperature and humidity collection module.
  • the temperature and humidity acquisition module uses SHT20 integrated digital sensing circuit to detect the temperature and humidity values of the user during sleep.
  • the non-contact vital signs monitoring system also includes an environmental green power supply system.
  • the environmental green power supply system is used to convert energy in the environment into electrical energy, including an indoor light energy collection module, an indoor electromagnetic wave collection module, a human body pressure electric energy collection module, a power management module and a power storage module.
  • the indoor light energy collection module uses a matrix of high-efficiency polycrystalline solar cells and is installed at the bedside to collect indoor natural light and lights to generate electrical energy.
  • the indoor electromagnetic wave collection module includes a ferrite rod antenna and a 2.4G patch antenna, which are used to collect electromagnetic wave signals and generate electrical energy.
  • the human body pressure electric energy collection module uses a piezoelectric film installed on the top surface of the mattress to generate electric energy through the pressure changes on the mattress when the human body turns over.
  • the output interfaces of the indoor light energy collection module, indoor electromagnetic wave collection module and human body pressure electrical energy collection module are all connected to the power storage module and non-contact vital signs signal collection and processing system through the power management module.
  • the non-contact vital sign monitoring system also includes an automatic lighting system for getting up at night.
  • the automatic lighting system for getting up at night includes an ambient light detection module, a recognition module for getting up at night, a night light fading module and a night light.
  • the night wake-up recognition module and the ambient light detection module are both connected to the night light fading module.
  • the night light dimming module controls the night light to gradually brighten or dim; when the pressure signal measured by the human body pressure acquisition module indicates that the user has left the bed, and the ambient light detection module detects that the ambient light intensity is lower than the preset value, the night light will dim.
  • the wake-up recognition module controls the night light to gradually light up through the night light gradually brightening and dimming module.
  • the nighttime wake-up recognition module controls the nightlight to gradually turn off through the nightlight fading module.
  • the present invention arranges a piezoelectric ceramic array on the mattress as a BCG signal acquisition module, and arranges an impedance pressure band as a human body pressure acquisition module. Together with the intelligent dynamic wave peak tracking algorithm, it can extract the user's heart rate data during sleep. Breathing data, body movement data, in/out of bed status, and abnormal sound data can comprehensively analyze the user's sleep status.
  • the present invention operates in the intelligent ultra-micro power working control mode.
  • the non-contact vital signs monitoring system shuts down most of the electrical components, thereby significantly reducing energy consumption.
  • the present invention realizes the continuous and stable operation of the non-contact vital sign monitoring system without the need for external power supply through the cooperation of multiple power collection modules.
  • FIG. 1 is a system block diagram of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the BCG signal acquisition module and the human body pressure acquisition module on the mattress in the present invention.
  • a non-contact vital sign monitoring system is installed on a mattress, which includes a non-contact vital sign signal acquisition and processing system, an environmental green power supply system and an automatic lighting system for getting up at night.
  • the non-contact vital signs signal acquisition and processing system includes BCG signal acquisition module, human body pressure acquisition module, signal filter amplification module, temperature and humidity acquisition module, control module and signal transmission module.
  • the BCG signal acquisition module includes a high-sensitivity piezoelectric ceramic array.
  • the piezoelectric ceramic piece array includes several piezoelectric ceramic piece arrays arranged along the length direction of the mattress; a single piezoelectric ceramic piece array includes several piezoelectric ceramic pieces arranged sequentially in the width direction of the mattress.
  • the first piezoelectric ceramic array is used to detect the BCG signal (ballistocardiogram, a kind of ballistocardiogram signal) at the position of the user's head, and the second piezoelectric ceramic array is used to detect the BCG signal at the user's chest.
  • the human body pressure acquisition module is installed on the side of the BCG signal acquisition module away from the head end of the mattress.
  • the human body pressure acquisition module specifically uses an impedance pressure belt; the impedance pressure belt is embedded in the mattress and arranged along the width of the mattress.
  • the resistance pressure band will output a certain pressure voltage value when it is pressed, so that it can be judged whether there is someone on the mattress, as shown in Figure 1.
  • the temperature and humidity acquisition module uses SHT20 integrated digital sensing circuit, which can collect temperature and humidity data of the mattress environment and output it in the form of digital signals.
  • the temperature and humidity signal module evaluates whether the ambient temperature and humidity are in optimal sleep conditions based on the appropriate temperature range (optimal 24°C ⁇ 26°C) and humidity range (optimal 55°C ⁇ 65%) for human sleep. It can also output ambient temperature values combined with heart rate, respiration, etc. for sleep assessment.
  • the signal filter amplification module uses a 4T power frequency notch filter amplifier circuit, which is composed of an operational amplifier integrated circuit chip and has better clutter elimination effect than the traditional double T power frequency notch filter.
  • the interference signal in the BCG signal can be well filtered out.
  • the controller in the control module uses an STM32 microcontroller, which is used to receive the BCG signal, pressure signal, temperature and humidity signal processed by the signal filter amplification module, and based on the heart rate signal extraction algorithm, respiratory signal extraction algorithm, body movement signal extraction algorithm, /Bed exit signal extraction algorithm, abnormal sound signal extraction algorithm, temperature and humidity signal extraction algorithm, respectively extract the user's heart rate data, breathing data, body movement data, in/out of bed conditions, abnormal sounds, temperature and humidity data during rest , as a collection of vital sign signals.
  • STM32 microcontroller which is used to receive the BCG signal, pressure signal, temperature and humidity signal processed by the signal filter amplification module, and based on the heart rate signal extraction algorithm, respiratory signal extraction algorithm, body movement signal extraction algorithm, /Bed exit signal extraction algorithm, abnormal sound signal extraction algorithm, temperature and humidity signal extraction algorithm, respectively extract the user's heart rate data, breathing data, body movement data, in/out of bed conditions, abnormal sounds, temperature and humidity data during rest , as a collection of vital sign signals.
  • the specific process of the heart rate signal extraction algorithm is: first, perform digital filtering on the BCG signal to extract signals with frequencies between 0.66 and 3.3 Hz in the BCG signal; then, use an intelligent dynamic peak tracking algorithm to identify the sinus heart rate signal , the intelligent dynamic peak tracking algorithm extracts the peak model rules through pre-stored normal ECG signals to obtain the ECG signal model; then, compares the collected BCG signal with the stored ECG signal model; extracts the BCG signal It conforms to some characteristics of the electrocardiogram signal model, thereby identifying the heart rate signal, and can accurately identify BCG signals with different signal amplitudes, overcoming the shortcomings of the traditional peak extraction algorithm.
  • the specific process of the respiratory signal extraction algorithm is: first, digitally filter the BCG signal to extract signals with frequencies between 0.08 and 0.5Hz in the BCG signal; then, use an intelligent dynamic peak tracking algorithm to identify the pulsed respiratory signal ;
  • the intelligent dynamic wave peak tracking algorithm extracts the wave peak model rules through pre-stored normal respiratory signals to obtain the respiratory signal model; then, compares the collected BCG signal with the stored respiratory signal model to extract the BCG signal. It conforms to some characteristics of the respiratory signal model, thereby identifying the respiratory signal, and can accurately identify BCG signals with different signal amplitudes, overcoming the shortcomings of the traditional peak algorithm.
  • the specific body motion signal extraction algorithm is as follows: According to the characteristics of BCG signal peaks generated by human body turning on the bed, any signal with peaks is extracted as human body motion signal.
  • the in/out-of-bed signal extraction algorithm is specifically: based on the characteristics of the human body on the mattress that will produce pressure on the human body pressure acquisition module; based on the pressure value of the human body pressure acquisition module, it is judged that the user is in bed or has left the bed.
  • the pressure band senses pressure and generates a pressure value signal (usually the weight corresponding to the pressure value is between 10kg and 30kg).
  • the pressure band signal disappears and the pressure value is 0.
  • the specific process of the abnormal sound signal extraction algorithm is: first, the sound frequency range 20 ⁇ 20000Hz is set by digital filtering in the BCG signal, and the environmental noise level is extracted, as well as the snoring and coughing signals of the user while sleeping.
  • Abnormal sound signals including signals and cries for help.
  • the grunt signal is used by the system to judge apnea, and thus used for apnea alarm and sleep assessment.
  • Ambient noise level is used to evaluate the comfort of the sleeping environment and evaluate the impact of background noise on sleep.
  • Other abnormal sound signals, including cough signals and cry for help signals, are used for alarm and health assessment.
  • the control module sends the vital sign signal set through the preset signal encoding format.
  • the signal encoding format consists of data header, mattress address, heart rate data, respiratory data, in/out of bed data, body movement data, abnormal sound data, temperature and humidity It consists of data, check digits and data tail, as shown in Table 1.
  • the first data is the data start mark, which is 8-bit data, using a fixed value DD
  • the tenth data is the data end mark, using a fixed value EE.
  • the rest of the data is generated based on different mattresses and different signals.
  • the control module communicates with the cloud server through the signal transmitting module; the signal transmitting module specifically uses five connection methods: WIF, Bluetooth, 4G, 5G and Ethernet to realize data transmission between the control module and the cloud server.
  • the cloud server uses a cloud server, installs a vital sign monitoring reception and management service program in the cloud server, stores the monitoring data results in the server, and provides query and statistical services.
  • the monitoring computer uses an ordinary desktop computer and uses a browser to access the vital signs monitoring cloud service program.
  • the mobile terminal uses an app or WeChat applet to access the vital signs monitoring cloud service program.
  • the automatic lighting system for getting up at night includes an ambient light detection module, a recognition module for getting up at night, a night light fading module and a night light.
  • the wake-up recognition module at night determines whether the user gets up by monitoring the pressure change of the impedance pressure band; the night light gradually brightens and fades out module includes a time circuit controller; the night light gradually brightens and fades out transition time is set to 1 second, and the fade-out transition time is set to 1 second. 3 to 5 seconds to adapt to the physiological response of the human eye at night.
  • Night lights include low-power LEDs.
  • the nighttime wake-up recognition module detects that a human body has gone to bed, the nighttime lights gradually dim.
  • the automatic lighting system when getting up at night can effectively prevent users from falling and other hazards caused by not being able to see the environment clearly when they get up at night.
  • the environmental green power supply system is used to convert energy in the environment into electrical energy, which is used to power the non-contact vital signs monitoring system.
  • the environmental green power supply system includes an indoor light energy collection module, an indoor electromagnetic wave collection module, a human body pressure power collection module, a power management module and a power storage module.
  • the indoor light energy collection module uses a matrix of high-efficiency polycrystalline solar cells and is installed at the bedside to collect indoor natural light and lights to generate electrical energy.
  • the indoor electromagnetic wave collection module includes a ferrite rod antenna and a 2.4G patch antenna, which is used to collect electromagnetic wave signals generated by broadcast stations and indoor WIFI to generate electrical energy.
  • the human body pressure electric energy collection module uses a piezoelectric film installed on the top surface of the mattress to generate electric energy through the pressure changes on the mattress when the human body turns over.
  • the power management module connects the indoor light energy collection module, the indoor electromagnetic wave collection module and the human body pressure electric energy collection module. It performs impedance and power matching and unified deployment management of the electric energy generated by the above three collection modules, so as to maximize the efficiency of each collection module. .
  • the power output from the power management module supplies the non-contact vital signs monitoring system to work. At the same time, the excess power is stored in the power storage module to provide power at night or when there is no pressure on the human body or no indoor electromagnetic waves.
  • the environmental green power supply system can effectively overcome the power safety and fire problems caused by the use of commercial power, and is green and environmentally friendly.
  • the non-contact vital signs monitoring system runs an intelligent ultra-micro power work control mode during work.
  • the intelligent ultra-micro power work control mode is based on the mattress pressure sensing signal from the impedance pressure band; when no one is detected on the mattress (i.e., when the mattress pressure sensing signal is 0), the control module controls the rest of the non-contact vital signs monitoring system except the control module, human body pressure acquisition module and environmental green power system to sleep or shut down to reduce the system's energy consumption. power consumption. When it is detected that there is someone on the mattress (that is, the mattress pressure sensing signal is not 0), the control module controls all components in the non-contact vital signs monitoring system to work normally.

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Abstract

一种非接触式生命体征监测***，安装在床垫上，包括非接触式生命体征信号采集处理***。非接触式生命体征信号采集处理***包括BCG信号采集模块、人体压力采集模块和控制模块。通过在床垫上布置压电陶瓷片阵列作为BCG信号采集模块，布置阻抗压力带作为人体压力采集模块，配合智能动态波峰寻迹算法，能够提取使用者在睡眠过程中的心率数据、呼吸数据、体动数据、在/离床情况、异常声音数据，从而能够综合分析使用者的睡眠情况。***运行在智能超微功率工作控制模式下，当人体压力采集模块测得的压力数据表明使用者不在床上时，非接触式生命体征监测***关闭绝大多数用电元件，从而大幅降低能耗。

Description

一种非接触式生命体征监测*** 技术领域
本发明属于医疗设备技术领域，具体涉及一种非接触式生命体征监测***。
背景技术
随着社会经济技术的发展及人们对生活质量要求的提高，简化升级设备成为时代发展的必然要求，时下非接触式生命体征监测技术的广泛应用就是其发展的重要表现之一。长期连续的生命体征监测可使受监测者的健康状态被实时监测掌握，但传统接触式监测***使用穿戴式设备，用户体验差，监测时不仅干扰受监测者生活，其监测效果准确性也受限对受监测者的生活和行动有干扰，容易使受监测者产生紧张焦虑情绪，因此非接触式生命体征监测技术应运而生，其使受监测者在日常生活不受干扰下完成体检，并通过收集、分析生命体征数据给出建议，让其规避恶劣的生活习惯，预防慢性疾病。除此之外，因此非接触式生命体征监测技术在医疗、护理、慢性病管理和健康监测等生活各个领域均可有所应用。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种非接触式生命体征监测***。
本发明一种非接触式生命体征监测***，安装在床垫上，包括非接触式生命体征信号采集处理***。非接触式生命体征信号采集处理***包括BCG信号采集模块、人体压力采集模块和控制模块。
所述的BCG信号采集模块采用压电陶瓷片阵列。所述的压电陶瓷片阵列包括沿着床垫长度方向排列的若干个压电陶瓷片队列；单个压电陶瓷片队列包括床垫宽度方向依次排列的若干个压电陶瓷片。人体压力采集模块设置在BCG信号采集模块远离床垫头端的一侧，能够检测自身上方的压力。
所述的控制模块通过BCG信号采集模块输出的BCG信号，提取出使用者在休息过程中的心率数据、呼吸数据和异常声音。提取过程为：首先，对BCG信号进行数字滤波，提取频率在0.08～0.5Hz之间、0.66Hz～3.3Hz之间、20～20000Hz之间的信号；将频率为0.66Hz～3.3Hz之间的BCG信号与预设的正常心电图信号的波峰规律进行比对，提取出符合心电图信号模型的部分特征，作为心率数据。将频率为0.08～0.5Hz之间的BCG信号与预设的正常呼吸信号的波峰规律进行比对，提取出符合呼吸信号模型的部分特征，作为呼吸数据。在频率为20～20000Hz的BCG信号中提取环境噪声信号，以及包括使用者睡眠时的打呼噜声信号、咳 嗽声信号、呼救声信号在内的异常声音信号。
所述的控制模块通过人体压力采集模块测得的压力信号，判断床垫上是否存在使用者。判断过程为：当压力信号大于或等于预设值时，判定使用者在床垫上；当压力信号小于预设值时，判定使用者已离开床垫上。
该非接触式生命体征监测***运行在智能超微功耗工作控制模式下，当检测到床垫上没有人时，控制模块控制该非接触式生命体征监测***中除人体压力采集模块以外的其余组成部分休眠或关闭。当检测到床垫上有人，控制模块控制该非接触式生命体征监测***中的所有组成部分正常工作。
作为优选，所述的压电陶瓷片阵列包括两个压电陶瓷片队列；第一个压电陶瓷片队列的中心位置与床垫的头端端部的距离为h 1＝20cm；两个压电陶瓷片队列的中心距h 2＝40cm。
作为优选，所述的人体压力采集模块嵌入床垫内，并沿着床垫宽度方向布置的阻抗压力带。
作为优选，所述的BCG信号采集模块、人体压力采集模块输出的信号经由信号滤波器放大模块进行滤波放大后传输至控制模块；所述的信号滤波器放大模块采用4T工频陷波过滤放大电路。
作为优选，控制模块根据人体在床上翻动会产生BCG信号波峰的特征，将BCG信号中带有波峰的信号都提取出来作为人体体动信号。
作为优选，所述的打呼噜声信号用于进行使用者是否出现呼吸暂停的判断；所述的环境噪声电平用于评估睡眠环境的舒适度。
作为优选，所述的控制模块通过信号发射模块与云服务端通信；云服务端与监测电脑及移动端通信。
作为优选，所述的非接触式生命体征信号采集处理***还包括温湿度采集模块。所述的温湿度采集模块采用SHT20集成数字传感电路，用于检测使用者在睡眠过程中的温度值和湿度值。
作为优选，该非接触式生命体征监测***还包括环境绿色电源***。所述的环境绿色电源***用于将环境中的能量转化为电能，包括室内光能采集模块、室内电磁波采集模块、人体压力电能采集模块、电源管理模块和储电模块。室内光能采集模块采用高效率多晶太阳能电池片矩阵，安装在床头，用于采集室内的自然光和灯光而产生电能。室内电磁波采集模块包括铁氧体磁棒天线和2.4G贴片天线，用于采集电磁波信号而产生电能。人体压力电能采集 模块采用安装在床垫顶面的压电薄膜，通过人体翻身时对床垫的压力变化来产生电能。室内光能采集模块、室内电磁波采集模块和人体压力电能采集模块的输出接口均通过电源管理模块连接至储电模块和非接触式生命体征信号采集处理***。
作为优选，该非接触式生命体征监测***还包括夜间起床自动照明***。夜间起床自动照明***包括环境光线检测模块、夜间起床识别模块、夜间灯渐亮渐暗模块和夜间灯。夜间起床识别模块和环境光线检测模块均与夜间灯渐亮渐暗模块连接。夜间灯渐亮渐暗模块控制夜间灯渐亮或渐灭；当人体压力采集模块测得的压力信号表明使用者离开床，且环境光线检测模块检测到环境光线强度低于预设值时，夜间起床识别模块通过夜间灯渐亮渐暗模块控制夜间灯逐渐亮起。当人体压力采集模块测得的压力信号表明使用者上床时，夜间起床识别模块通过夜间灯渐亮渐暗模块控制夜间灯逐渐熄灭。
本发明具有的有益效果是：
1.本发明在床垫上布置压电陶瓷片阵列作为BCG信号采集模块，布置阻抗压力带作为人体压力采集模块，配合智能动态波峰寻迹算法，能够提取使用者在睡眠过程中的心率数据、呼吸数据、体动数据、在/离床情况、异常声音数据，从而能够综合分析使用者的睡眠情况。
2.本发明运行在智能超微功率工作控制模式下，当人体压力采集模块测得的压力数据表明使用者不在床上时，非接触式生命体征监测***关闭绝大多数用电元件，从而大幅降低能耗。
3.本发明通过多种电能采集模块相配合，在不需要外接电源的情况下，实现了非接触式生命体征监测***的持续稳定工作。
附图说明
图1为本发明的***框图；
图2为本发明中BCG信号采集模块、人体压力采集模块在床垫上的安装示意图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明作进一步说明。
如图1所示，一种非接触式生命体征监测***，安装在床垫上，其包括非接触式生命体征信号采集处理***、环境绿色电源***和夜间起床自动照明***。非接触式生命体征信号采集处理***包括BCG信号采集模块、人体压力采集模块、信号滤波器放大模块、温湿度采集模块、控制模块和信号发射模块。
如图1和2所示，BCG信号采集模块包括高灵敏度的压电陶瓷片阵列。压电陶瓷片阵列包括沿着床垫长度方向排列的若干个压电陶瓷片队列；单个压电陶瓷片队列包括床垫宽度方 向依次排列的若干个压电陶瓷片。作为一种进一步提高技术效果的可选技术方案，压电陶瓷片阵列布置在长200cm宽90cm的床垫上；压电陶瓷片阵列包括两个压电陶瓷片队列；第一个压电陶瓷片队列(靠近床垫头端的队列)的中心位置与床垫的头端端部的距离为h 1＝20cm；两个压电陶瓷片队列的中心距h 2＝40cm，具体如图1所示。第一个压电陶瓷片队列用于检测使用者头部位置的BCG信号(ballistocardiogram，一种心冲击图信号)，第二个压电陶瓷片队列用于检测使用者胸部位置的BCG信号。
人体压力采集模块设置在BCG信号采集模块远离床垫头端的一侧。人体压力采集模块具体采用一条阻抗压力带；阻抗压力带嵌入在床垫内，并沿着床垫宽度方向布置。阻抗压力带在受到压力时会输出一定的压力电压值，从而可以判断床垫上是否有人，具体如图1所示。
温湿度采集模块采用SHT20集成数字传感电路，可以采集床垫环境的温度和湿度数据，并通过数字信号的方式输出。温湿度信号模块根据人体睡眠的合适温度范围(最佳24℃～26℃)和湿度范围(最佳为55℃～65％)从而评估环境温湿度是否处于最佳睡眠条件。并可以输出环境温度数值结合心率、呼吸等进行睡眠评估。
信号滤波器放大模块采用4T工频陷波过滤放大电路，其由运放集成电路芯片组成，比传统的双T工频陷波器具有更好的杂波消除效果。可以很好地滤除掉BCG信号中的干扰信号。
控制模块中的控制器采用STM32单片机，用于接收经过信号滤波器放大模块处理的BCG信号、压力信号、温湿度信号，并依据心率信号提取算法、呼吸信号提取算法、体动信号提取算法、在/离床信号提取算法、异常声音信号提取算法、温湿度信号提取算法，分别提取使用者在休息过程中的心率数据、呼吸数据、体动数据、在/离床情况、异常声音、温湿度数据，作为生命体征信号集合。
心率信号提取算法的具体过程为：首先，对BCG信号进行数字滤波，将BCG信号中频率在0.66～3.3Hz之间的信号提取出来；然后，采用智能动态波峰寻迹算法识别出窦性心率信号，智能动态波峰寻迹算法是通过预先存储好的正常心电图信号，提取出波峰模型规律，得到心电图信号模型；接着，将采集到的BCG信号与存储的心电图信号模型进行对比；提取出BCG信号中符合心电图信号模型的部分特征，从而识别出心率信号，并可以对不同信号幅度的大小的BCG信号进行准确识别，克服了传统的峰值提取算法的缺点。
呼吸信号提取算法的具体过程为：首先，对BCG信号进行数字滤波，将BCG信号中频率在0.08～0.5Hz之间的信号提取出来；然后，采用智能动态波峰寻迹算法识别出脉冲式呼吸信号；智能动态波峰寻迹算法是通过预先存储好的正常呼吸信号，提取出波峰模型规律，得 到呼吸信号模型；接着，将采集到的BCG信号与存储的呼吸信号模型进行对比，提取出BCG信号中符合呼吸信号模型的部分特征，从而识别出呼吸信号，并可以对不同信号幅度的大小的BCG信号进行准确识别，克服了传统的峰值算法的缺点。
体动信号提取算法具体为：根据人体在床上翻动会产生BCG信号波峰的特征，把任何有波峰的信号都提取出来作为人体体动信号。
在/离床信号提取算法具体为：根据人体在床垫上会对人体压力采集模块产生压力的特点；根据人体压力采集模块受到的压力值判断使用者在床上或已离开床上。当人体在床时，压力带感应压力产生压力值信号(通常压力值对应的重量在10kg-30kg之间)，当人体离开床时，压力带信号消失，压力值为0。
异常声音信号提取算法的具体过程为：首先，在BCG信号中通过数字滤波设定的声音频率范围20～20000Hz，提取出环境噪声电平，以及包括使用者睡眠时的打呼噜声信号、咳嗽声信号、呼救声信号在内的异常声音信号。其中，呼噜声信号用于***对呼吸暂停的判断，从而用于呼吸暂停的报警和睡眠评估用。环境噪声电平用于评估睡眠环境的舒适度，评价背景噪音对睡眠的影响。包括咳嗽声信号、呼救声信号在内的其他异常声音信号，用于报警和健康评估用。
控制模块将生命体征信号集合通过预设的信号编码格式发送出去，信号编码格式由数据头、床垫地址、心率数据、呼吸数据、在/离床数据、体动数据、异常声音数据、温湿度数据、校验位和数据尾组成，如表1所示。
表1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
数据头 床垫地址 心率 呼吸 在离床 体动 异常声音 温湿度 校验位 数据尾
8位 8位 8位 8位 4位 4位 16位 16位 8位 8位
表1中，第一个数据是数据开始标志是8位数据，采用固定的数值DD，第十个数据是数据结束标志，采用固定数值EE。其余数据是根据不同的床垫和不同的信号而产生不同的数据。
控制模块通过信号发射模块与云服务端通信；信号发射模块具体采用WIF、蓝牙、4G、5G和以太网5种连接方式实现控制模块与云服务端之间数据传输。
云服务端采用云服务器，在云服务器里安装生命体征监测接收和管理服务程序，并将监测数据结果存储在服务器，提供查询和统计服务。
监测电脑采用一般的台式电脑，利用浏览器的方式访问生命体征监测云服务程序，移动终端采用app或微信小程序的方式访问生命体征监测云服务程序。
夜间起床自动照明***包括环境光线检测模块、夜间起床识别模块、夜间灯渐亮渐暗模块和夜间灯。夜间起床识别模块通过监测阻抗压力带的压力变化，判断使用者是否起身；夜间灯渐亮渐暗模块包括时间电路控制器；设定好夜间灯渐亮过渡时间为1秒，渐暗的过渡时间为3～5秒钟，以适应夜间人眼的生理反应。夜间灯包括低功耗的LED。当夜间起床识别模块检测到人体离开床，且环境光线检测模块检测到环境光线的强度低于预设值时，则夜间灯渐亮。当夜间起床识别模块检测到人体上床时，则夜间灯渐暗。夜间起床自动照明***可以有效杜绝使用者夜间起床因看不清环境而造成的跌倒等危害情况。
环境绿色电源***用于将环境中的能量转化为电能，用于为该非接触式生命体征监测***供电。环境绿色电源***包括室内光能采集模块、室内电磁波采集模块、人体压力电能采集模块、电源管理模块和储电模块。室内光能采集模块采用高效率多晶太阳能电池片矩阵，安装在床头，采集室内的自然光和灯光而产生电能。室内电磁波采集模块包括铁氧体磁棒天线和2.4G贴片天线，用于采集广播电台和室内WIFI产生的电磁波信号而产生电能。人体压力电能采集模块采用安装在床垫顶面的压电薄膜，通过人体翻身时对床垫的压力变化来产生电能。电源管理模块连接室内光能采集模块、室内电磁波采集模块和人体压力电能采集模块，对以上该三个采集模块产生的电能进行阻抗和功率匹配和统一调配管理，从而发挥每个采集模块的最高效率。电源管理模块输出的电能供给非接触式生命体征监测***工作，同时将多余的电能存储在储电模块，在夜晚或人体没有压力或没有室内电磁波的时候提供电源。环境绿色电源***可以有效克服采用市电而带来的用电安全和火灾问题，绿色环保。
该非接触式生命体征监测***在工作过程中运行智能超微功耗工作控制模式，智能超微功耗工作控制模式基于来自阻抗压力带的床垫压力感应信号；当检测到床垫上没有人(即床垫压力感应信号为0)时，控制模块控制该非接触式生命体征监测***中除控制模块、人体压力采集模块和环境绿色电源***以外的其余组成部分休眠或关闭，以降低***的功耗。当检测到床垫上有人(即床垫压力感应信号不为0)时，控制模块控制该非接触式生命体征监测***中的所有组成部分正常工作。经实际测试可知，人大于每天2/3时间不在床上，所以智能超微功耗工作控制模式可以使非接触式生命体征监测***节约2/3的功耗，这种智能微功耗控制方式在非接触式生命体征监测***或智能床垫或智能监测垫产品中是独一无二的。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种非接触式生命体征监测***，安装在床垫上，包括非接触式生命体征信号采集处理***；其特征在于：所述的非接触式生命体征信号采集处理***包括BCG信号采集模块、人体压力采集模块和控制模块；
    所述的BCG信号采集模块采用压电陶瓷片阵列；所述的压电陶瓷片阵列包括沿着床垫长度方向排列的若干个压电陶瓷片队列；单个压电陶瓷片队列包括床垫宽度方向依次排列的若干个压电陶瓷片；人体压力采集模块设置在BCG信号采集模块远离床垫头端的一侧，能够检测自身上方的压力；
    所述的控制模块通过BCG信号采集模块输出的BCG信号，提取出使用者在休息过程中的心率数据、呼吸数据和异常声音；提取过程为：首先，对BCG信号进行数字滤波，提取频率在0.08～0.5Hz之间、0.66Hz～3.3Hz之间、20～20000Hz之间的信号；将频率为0.66Hz～3.3Hz之间的BCG信号与预设的正常心电图信号的波峰规律进行比对，提取出符合心电图信号模型的部分特征，作为心率数据；将频率为0.08～0.5Hz之间的BCG信号与预设的正常呼吸信号的波峰规律进行比对，提取出符合呼吸信号模型的部分特征，作为呼吸数据；在频率为20～20000Hz的BCG信号中提取环境噪声信号，以及包括使用者睡眠时的打呼噜声信号、咳嗽声信号、呼救声信号在内的异常声音信号；
    所述的控制模块通过人体压力采集模块测得的压力信号，判断床垫上是否存在使用者；判断过程为：当压力信号大于或等于预设值时，判定使用者在床垫上；当压力信号小于预设值时，判定使用者已离开床垫上；
    该非接触式生命体征监测***运行在智能超微功耗工作控制模式下，当检测到床垫上没有人时，控制模块控制该非接触式生命体征监测***中除人体压力采集模块以外的其余组成部分休眠或关闭；当检测到床垫上有人，控制模块控制该非接触式生命体征监测***中的所有组成部分正常工作。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种非接触式生命体征监测***，其特征在于：所述的压电陶瓷片阵列包括两个压电陶瓷片队列；第一个压电陶瓷片队列的中心位置与床垫的头端端部的距离为h 1＝20cm；两个压电陶瓷片队列的中心距h 2＝40cm。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种非接触式生命体征监测***，其特征在于：所述的人体压力采集模块嵌入床垫内，并沿着床垫宽度方向布置的阻抗压力带。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种非接触式生命体征监测***，其特征在于：所述的BCG信号采集模块、人体压力采集模块输出的信号经由信号滤波器放大模块进行滤波放大后传输至控制模块；所述的信号滤波器放大模块采用4T工频陷波过滤放大电路。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种非接触式生命体征监测***，其特征在于：控制模块根据人体在床上翻动会产生BCG信号波峰的特征，将BCG信号中带有波峰的信号都提取出来作为人体体动信号。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种非接触式生命体征监测***，其特征在于：所述的打呼噜声信号用于进行使用者是否出现呼吸暂停的判断；所述的环境噪声电平用于评估睡眠环境的舒适度。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种非接触式生命体征监测***，其特征在于：所述的控制模块通过信号发射模块与云服务端通信；云服务端与监测电脑及移动端通信。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种非接触式生命体征监测***，其特征在于：所述的非接触式生命体征信号采集处理***还包括温湿度采集模块；所述的温湿度采集模块采用SHT20集成数字传感电路，用于检测使用者在睡眠过程中的温度值和湿度值。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的一种非接触式生命体征监测***，其特征在于：还包括环境绿色电源***；所述的环境绿色电源***用于将环境中的能量转化为电能，包括室内光能采集模块、室内电磁波采集模块、人体压力电能采集模块、电源管理模块和储电模块；室内光能采集模块采用高效率多晶太阳能电池片矩阵，安装在床头，用于采集室内的自然光和灯光而产生电能；室内电磁波采集模块包括铁氧体磁棒天线和2.4G贴片天线，用于采集环境电磁波信号而产生电能；人体压力电能采集模块采用安装在床垫顶面的压电薄膜，通过人体翻身时对床垫的压力变化来产生电能；室内光能采集模块、室内电磁波采集模块和人体压力电能采集模块的输出接口均通过电源管理模块连接至储电模块和非接触式生命体征信号采集处理***。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的一种非接触式生命体征监测***，其特征在于：还包括夜间起床自动照明***；夜间起床自动照明***包括环境光线检测模块、夜间起床识别模块、夜间灯渐亮渐暗模块和夜间灯；夜间起床识别模块和环境光线检测模块均与夜间灯渐亮渐暗模块连接；夜间灯渐亮渐暗模块控制夜间灯渐亮或渐灭；当人体压力采集模块测得的压力信号表明使用者离开床，且环境光线检测模块检测到环境光线强度低于预设值时，夜间起床识别模块通过夜间灯渐亮渐暗模块控制夜间灯逐渐亮起；当人体压力采集模块测得的压力信号表明使用者上床时，夜间起床识别模块通过夜间灯渐亮渐暗模块控制夜间灯逐渐熄灭。
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