WO2023186019A1 - Antenna structure and electronic device - Google Patents

Antenna structure and electronic device Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023186019A1
WO2023186019A1 PCT/CN2023/085116 CN2023085116W WO2023186019A1 WO 2023186019 A1 WO2023186019 A1 WO 2023186019A1 CN 2023085116 W CN2023085116 W CN 2023085116W WO 2023186019 A1 WO2023186019 A1 WO 2023186019A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
radiator
antenna
radiators
antenna structure
slot
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/085116
Other languages
French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
秦越
王义金
Original Assignee
维沃移动通信有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 维沃移动通信有限公司 filed Critical 维沃移动通信有限公司
Publication of WO2023186019A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023186019A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture

Definitions

  • This application belongs to the field of terminal technology, and specifically relates to an antenna structure and electronic equipment.
  • Ultra Wide Band (UWB) positioning technology has attracted attention among many positioning technologies due to its high positioning accuracy and positioning accuracy.
  • UWB technology based on laser-direct-structuring (LDS) technology has entered the industry's field of vision due to its low-cost advantage, but it is difficult to obtain better pattern performance and the radiation directionality is poor.
  • the purpose of the embodiments of the present application is to provide an antenna structure and electronic equipment to solve the problem that the antenna cannot easily obtain high directivity pattern performance.
  • an antenna structure including:
  • At least one radiator one edge of the opposite sides of the at least one radiator is provided with a slot, and the phases of the currents distributed on the opposite sides of the radiator are different;
  • a reference floor, the radiator is stacked and spaced apart from the reference floor;
  • a feed structure the feed structure is used to feed the radiator.
  • At least one of the radiators is rectangular, and one side edge of at least one rectangular radiator The slots are provided.
  • the slot extends from the edge of the radiator to the inside of the radiator.
  • At least one of the radiators is trapezoidal, and the slot is provided on an upper bottom edge or a lower bottom edge of at least one of the radiators.
  • the antenna structure includes:
  • the branches are coupled to at least one of the radiators, and the branches are provided on the outer periphery of the corner area of at least one of the radiators.
  • At least one of the radiators is rectangular, the feed point of at least one of the radiators is located in a corner area of the radiator, the feed structure is electrically connected to the feed point, and the branches surround the feed Peripheral setting of the corner area where the electrical points are located; and/or
  • the branches are arranged around the outer periphery of the corner area opposite to the corner area where the feed point is located.
  • At least one of the radiators is a right-angled trapezoid
  • the feed structure is electrically connected to a feed point of the radiator
  • the feed point of at least one of the radiators is located in a right-angled corner area close to the upper bottom of the radiator. Or the acute corner area near the bottom of the radiator;
  • the branches are provided on the outer periphery of at least one of the right-angled corner region and the acute-angled corner region.
  • the slot is provided on the upper bottom edge or the lower bottom edge of at least one of the radiators.
  • radiators There are three radiators, two of the radiators are spaced apart in the first area along the length direction of the first area, and two of the radiators are in the second area along the length of the second area.
  • the first area and the second area are arranged at intervals in directions, and the first area and the second area vertically overlap, and the radiators in the overlapping area of the first area and the second area are the same radiator.
  • embodiments of the present application provide an electronic device, including the antenna structure described in the above embodiments.
  • electronic equipment also includes:
  • a bracket the bracket is arranged on the frame, the reference floor is arranged on one side of the bracket, and the radiator is arranged on the other side of the bracket;
  • a mainboard is provided on a side of the reference floor away from the mainboard, and the feed structure is provided on the mainboard.
  • electronic equipment also includes:
  • a shielding cover is provided on a side of the main board close to the reference floor.
  • a slot is provided on one edge of at least one of the opposite sides of the radiator, and the phases of the currents distributed on the opposite sides of the radiator are different. Through the slot, It can make the phases of the current distributed on the opposite sides of the radiator different and have a certain phase difference, which can deflect the antenna pattern and change the maximum radiation direction of the antenna. In complex equipment environments, the antenna pattern can be corrected. The deflection problem makes the antenna have highly directional pattern performance and improves the directivity of the antenna.
  • Figure 1 is an exploded schematic diagram of an electronic device in an embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 2a is a schematic diagram of the distribution of radiators in electronic equipment
  • Figure 2b is a schematic diagram of the distribution of reference floors in electronic equipment
  • Figure 2c is a schematic cross-sectional view of the electronic device in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 2d is a structural schematic diagram of the through hole on the reference floor
  • Figure 2e is a schematic diagram of the distribution of through holes on the reference floor
  • Figure 3a is a schematic diagram of an antenna when there is no slot on the radiator
  • Figure 3b is a side view of the antenna structure in Figure 3a;
  • Figure 3c is a schematic diagram of the pattern performance of the antenna in Figure 3a;
  • Figure 4a is a schematic diagram of an antenna when there are slots on the radiator
  • Figure 4b is a side view of the antenna structure in Figure 4a;
  • Figure 4c is a schematic diagram of the pattern performance of the antenna in Figure 4a;
  • Figure 5a is a schematic diagram of an antenna when there are no slots on the radiator
  • Figure 5b is a directional pattern performance diagram of the antenna in Figure 5a;
  • Figure 5c is a schematic diagram of an antenna when there are slots on the radiator
  • Figure 5d is a schematic diagram of the pattern performance of the antenna in Figure 5c;
  • Figure 6a is a schematic diagram of an antenna when the feed point is at a symmetrical position of the radiator
  • Figure 6b is a schematic distribution diagram of the current on the radiator in Figure 6a;
  • Figure 6c is a schematic diagram of an antenna when the feed point is at the corner of the radiator
  • Figure 6d is a schematic diagram of the distribution of current on the radiator in Figure 6c;
  • Figure 6e is a schematic diagram of an antenna when the feed point is at the corner of the radiator
  • Figure 6f is a schematic diagram of the distribution of current on the radiator in Figure 6e;
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram showing the antenna pattern performance comparison
  • Figure 8a is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of an antenna structure in an electronic device
  • Figure 8b is a top view of the antenna structure
  • Figure 8c is a side view of the antenna structure in Figure 8b;
  • Figure 8d is another side view of the antenna structure in Figure 8b;
  • Figure 9a is a top view of the antenna structure
  • Figure 9b is another top view of the antenna structure
  • Figure 9c is another top view of the antenna structure
  • Figure 9d is another top view of the antenna structure
  • Figure 9e is another top view of the antenna structure
  • Figure 9f is another top view of the antenna structure
  • Figure 10a is a top view of the antenna structure when no slots are provided on the radiator
  • Figure 10b is a top view of the antenna structure when slots are provided on the radiator;
  • Figure 10c is an operating frequency curve diagram of the antenna structure
  • Figure 11a is a top view of the antenna structure when no slots are provided on the radiator;
  • Figure 11b is a top view of the antenna structure when slots are provided on the radiator;
  • Figure 11c is a directional diagram performance diagram of the antenna structure
  • Figure 12a is a top view of the antenna structure
  • Figure 12b is a side view of the antenna structure in Figure 12a;
  • Figure 12c is another side view of the antenna structure in Figure 12a;
  • Figure 12d is another top view of the antenna structure
  • Figure 12e is another top view of the antenna structure
  • Figure 13a is a top view of the antenna structure
  • Figure 13b is another top view of the antenna structure
  • Figure 13c is another top view of the antenna structure
  • Figure 13d is another top view of the antenna structure
  • Figure 14a is a top view of the antenna structure when slots are provided on the radiator;
  • Figure 14b is a top view of the antenna structure when no slots are provided on the radiator;
  • Figure 14c is a schematic diagram of the polarization purity comparison of the antenna
  • Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the antenna pattern comparison
  • Figure 16a is a top view of the antenna structure
  • Figure 16b is another top view of the antenna structure
  • Figure 16c is another top view of the antenna structure
  • Figure 16d is another top view of the antenna structure.
  • Frame 40 Bracket 41; Mainboard 42;
  • the antenna structure of the embodiment of the present application includes: at least one radiator 10, a reference floor 20 and a feed structure 13 , wherein the radiator 10 and the reference floor 20 can be made of conductive materials, for example, the radiator 10 and the reference floor 20 can be made of metal materials.
  • a slot 11 can be provided on one edge of at least one of the opposite sides of the radiator 10 and the phase of the current distributed on the opposite sides of the radiator 10 is different. Through the slot 11, the opposite sides of the radiator 10 can be The currents distributed along the side edges have different phases and have a certain phase difference, which can deflect the antenna pattern.
  • the number of radiators 10 may be one or more.
  • the number of radiators 10 may be three. Slots 11 may be provided on one edge of the opposite sides of one or more radiators 10. The number of slots 11 may be one or more.
  • the slot 11 can be strip-shaped, curved, polygonal, etc., and the specific shape of the slot 11 can be selected according to the actual situation.
  • the radiator 10 and the reference floor 20 are stacked and spaced apart.
  • the radiator 10 and the reference floor 20 can be stacked and spaced apart in the thickness direction of the reference floor 20 .
  • the radiator 10 and the reference floor 20 can be parallel to each other.
  • An insulating medium may be provided between the radiator 10 and the reference floor 20 to support the radiator 10 through the insulating medium.
  • the radiator 10 may be in the shape of a plate. When there are multiple radiators 10 , the plurality of radiators 10 may be on the same plane, and the plurality of radiators 10 may be distributed at intervals.
  • the feed structure 13 may be used to feed the radiator 10 . As shown in FIGS.
  • a through hole 21 can be provided on the reference floor 20 , and part of the feed structure 13 can be electrically connected to the radiator 10 through the through hole 21 .
  • the radiator 10 can be fed through the feeding structure 13 .
  • the feed structure 13 may include a conductive elastic piece 14 , and the conductive elastic piece 14 may pass through the through hole 21 to be electrically connected to the radiator 10 .
  • a slot 11 is provided on one edge of the opposite sides of at least one radiator 10. Through the slot 11, the current can be distributed on the opposite sides of the radiator 10. Different phases and a certain phase difference can deflect the antenna's pattern and change the antenna's maximum radiation direction. In complex equipment environments, the antenna's pattern deflection problem can be corrected, making the antenna have a highly directional pattern. performance and improved antenna directivity.
  • the slot 11 can provide better coordination between the antenna and other structures, which is beneficial to the miniaturization of the antenna.
  • the antenna structure has low requirements on the external environment of the antenna. By adjusting the structure of the antenna itself, the impact of the external environment on the performance of the antenna can be improved. It has a wide range of applications, strong applicability, and low dependence on the environment.
  • At least one radiator 10 may be rectangular, and at least one rectangular radiator 10 is provided with a slot 11 on one edge.
  • at least one radiator 10 can be rectangular, and one side edge of the at least one rectangular radiator 10 can be provided with a slot 11.
  • the slot 11 can be located on the long edge of the radiator 10, and the slot 11 can be in the shape of a strip. , the slot 11 may be perpendicular to the long edge of the radiator 10 .
  • At least one rectangular radiator 10 can be provided with a slot 11 on one side edge.
  • the slot 11 can be located on the long edge of the radiator 10 .
  • the slot 11 can be in the shape of a strip.
  • the slot 11 can be perpendicular to the edge of the radiator 10 .
  • Long side edge The long edge of one side of the rectangular radiator 10 can be provided with a slot 11, and the short edge of the rectangular radiator 10 can also be provided with a slot 11, which can be suitable for multi-band antennas.
  • the radiator 10 may be rectangular, the number of the radiators 10 may be three, and the three radiators may be distributed at intervals, and the interval distance may be selected according to actual conditions.
  • Slots 11 can be provided on one side edge of one, two or three radiators 10 . The specific position and shape of the slots 11 on one side edge of the radiator 10 can be selected according to actual conditions. Through the slot 11, the phases of the currents distributed on the opposite sides of the radiator 10 are different and have a certain phase difference, so that the antenna pattern can be deflected, so that the antenna has highly directional pattern performance, and the antenna is improved. directionality.
  • the slot 11 can extend from the edge of the radiator 10 to the inside of the radiator 10 .
  • the slot 11 can be in a rectangular shape, and can change the current distribution on the opposite sides of the radiator 10 so that the sky is clear.
  • the line has highly directional pattern performance.
  • Figure 8a shows the position of the antenna structure in an electronic device (such as a mobile phone).
  • an electronic device such as a mobile phone
  • structures such as brackets are not shown here. Due to factors such as the equipment environment and antenna mutual coupling, the effects on the three antenna units of the positioning antenna may be similar or different.
  • Slots 11 can be opened on the radiators 10 in one or more antenna units.
  • One radiator 10 and The reference floor can form an antenna element.
  • slots 11 are opened on the radiators 10 in the three antenna units.
  • the structure of the reference floor may not be limited to the shape in this embodiment.
  • the shape of the reference floor may be changed according to the space reserved on the bracket. There may be a rectangular slot 11 at the center of the radiation side of the radiator 10 among the three antenna units.
  • the slot 11 may not be limited to the middle position, but may also be offset in the +x direction or the -x direction.
  • the slot 11 on the radiator 10 in the three antenna units The positions of the slots 11 are not limited to being consistent, as shown in Figures 9c and 9d, or the slots 11 can only be opened on the radiators 10 in one or two antenna units, as shown in Figures 9e and 9f.
  • the slot 11 on the radiator 10 can help reduce the size of the antenna and achieve miniaturization; it can also correct the pattern deflection of the antenna and improve the directivity of the antenna.
  • the three rectangular radiators 10 in the antenna are not provided with slots 11.
  • the three rectangular radiators 10 in the antenna are all provided with slots 11, as shown in Figure 10c. is the operating frequency curve of the antenna unit in the antenna, m1 is the operating frequency curve of the antenna unit in the antenna shown in Figure 10a, and m2 is the operating frequency curve of the antenna unit in the antenna shown in Figure 10b. Due to the existence of the slot 11, the volume of the radiator in Figure 10b is smaller than that of the radiator in Figure 10a.
  • the antenna in Figure 10b can also be The operating frequency of the antenna in Figure 10a is reached. That is to say, the existence of the slot 11 makes the size of the antenna structure smaller than that without the slot 11, and it can also operate at the same frequency.
  • the three rectangular radiators 10 in the antenna are not provided with slots 11.
  • the three rectangular radiators 10 in the antenna are all provided with slots 11, as shown in Figure 11c.
  • g1 represents the pattern of the antenna element of the radiator 10 in the antenna shown in Figure 11a
  • g2 represents the pattern of the antenna element of the radiator 10 in the antenna shown in Figure 11b.
  • the slot 11 can improve the directional effect of the antenna unit.
  • the radiator The radiation direction of the antenna unit 10 is deflected. After the slot 11 is provided in the radiator 10 of the antenna unit, the radiation direction is corrected back to the positive Z-axis direction, and the directivity is enhanced.
  • At least one radiator 10 may be trapezoidal, and the upper or lower bottom edge of at least one radiator 10 may be provided with a slot 11 .
  • the provision of the slot 11 can better change the current distribution on the upper or lower edge of the radiator 10 , so that the antenna has highly directional pattern performance.
  • slots 11 may be provided on the hypotenuse of the trapezoidal radiator 10 .
  • the hypotenuse of the right-angled trapezoidal radiator 10 in the antenna changes the direction of the current and introduces a reverse cross-polarized current distribution. This current offsets the cross-polarized current, thereby The cross-polarization of the antenna is reduced and the polarization purity is improved.
  • one or more radiators 10 in the antenna structure are designed to be trapezoidal and a slot 11 is provided on one edge of the radiator 10.
  • the position of the slot 11 can be selected according to actual conditions.
  • a radiator 10 and a reference floor can form an antenna unit.
  • the arrangement and combination of the radiators 10 in the antenna unit are not limited to those shown in Figures 12a to 13d. Other combinations can be selected according to different equipment environments.
  • the trapezoidal design of the radiator 10 can achieve high polarization purity of the antenna unit.
  • Figure 14b there are no slots on the radiator.
  • Figure 14c is a schematic diagram of the polarization purity comparison of the antenna.
  • Curve n1 is the curve of the antenna unit formed by the radiator with slots in Figure 14a.
  • curve n2 is the curve of the antenna unit formed by the radiator without slots in Figure 14b.
  • the polarization purity is significantly improved within ⁇ 60°.
  • Figure 15 is a schematic diagram comparing antenna patterns.
  • Curve h2 is the curve of the antenna unit formed by the radiator with slots in Figure 14a.
  • Curve h1 is the curve of the antenna unit formed by the radiator without slots in Figure 14b. Compared with the antenna unit in Figure 14b, the pattern deflection of the antenna unit in Figure 14a is significantly improved.
  • the antenna structure may include: a branch 30, and the branch 30 may be a conductive material piece, for example, the branch 30 may be a metal piece.
  • the branches 30 may be coupled with at least one radiator 10 , the branches 30 and the at least one radiator 10 may be spaced apart, and the branches 30 may be provided on the outer periphery of the corner area of the at least one radiator 10 .
  • the branches 30 may surround the radiator 10
  • the branch 30 can be L-shaped or U-shaped, and the specific shape can be selected according to the actual situation.
  • At least one radiator 10 can be coupled with a branch 30 at intervals, and each radiator 10 can be coupled with a corresponding branch 30 at intervals. Through the coupling between the branch 30 and at least one radiator 10, current can be distributed on the branch 30, and through the coupling on the branch 30 The distributed current can offset the cross-polarization current generated on the radiator 10 and achieve high polarization purity of the antenna.
  • At least one radiator 10 may be rectangular, and the feed point of the at least one radiator 10 is located in a corner area of the radiator.
  • the feed point of the rectangular radiator 10 The electrical point may be located in the corner area of the rectangular radiator, the feed structure 13 and the feed point 12 may be electrically connected, and the branches 30 may be arranged around the periphery of the corner area where the feed point 12 is located.
  • the branches 30 may be arranged around the periphery of the corner area opposite to the corner area where the feed point 12 is located.
  • At least one radiator 10 may be rectangular, the feed point of the rectangular radiator 10 may be located in a corner area of the rectangular radiator, and the branches 30 may surround the corner area of the rectangular radiator 10 where the feed point 12 is located.
  • the branches 30 may be arranged around the periphery of the corner area opposite to the corner area where the feed point 12 is located.
  • One radiator 10 may be provided with two branches 30 correspondingly.
  • One branch 30 may be disposed around the periphery of the corner area of the rectangular radiator 10 where the feed point 12 is located.
  • the other branch 30 may surround the feed point 12 .
  • the corner area is located opposite the outer periphery of the corner area.
  • the cross-polarization current generated on the radiator 10 can be offset by the current distributed on the branches 30, and high polarization purity of the antenna can be achieved.
  • the radiator 10 can be rectangular or trapezoidal, the positional relationship between different radiators 10 can be selected according to actual conditions, and the combination relationship between radiators 10 of different shapes can be selected according to actual conditions.
  • At least one radiator 10 may be a right-angled trapezoid, and the feed structure 13 and the feed point 12 of the radiator 10 may be electrically connected.
  • the feeding point 12 is located at a right-angled corner area close to the upper bottom of the radiator 10 or an acute-angled corner area close to the lower bottom of the radiator 10 .
  • Branches 30 may be provided on the outer periphery of at least one of the right-angled corner region and the acute-angled corner region.
  • At least one radiator 10 is a right-angled trapezoid
  • the feed point 12 of at least one right-angled trapezoidal radiator 10 is located at a right-angled corner area close to the upper bottom of the radiator 10 or an acute-angled corner area close to the lower bottom of the radiator 10.
  • Branches 30 are provided on the periphery of at least one corner area in the domain.
  • the cross-polarization current generated on the radiator 10 can be offset by the current distributed on the branches 30, and high polarization purity of the antenna can be achieved.
  • the hypotenuse of the right-angled trapezoidal radiator 10 changes the direction of the current and introduces a reverse cross-polarized current distribution. This current offsets the cross-polarized current, thereby reducing the The cross-polarization of the antenna improves the polarization purity.
  • the upper or lower bottom edge of at least one radiator 10 is provided with a slot 11.
  • the number of the radiators 10 is three, and the upper or lower bottom edges of the three radiators 10 can all be provided with slots 11.
  • radiators 10 there may be three radiators 10 , two radiators 10 are spaced apart in the first area along the length direction of the first area, and two radiators 10 are arranged in the second area along the length of the second area.
  • the first region and the second region overlap vertically.
  • the radiator 10 in the overlapping region of the first region and the second region is the same radiator 10. That is, the first region and the second region overlap in the intersection region.
  • There is only one radiator 10 in the overlapping area, and the radiator 10 in the overlapping area of the first area and the second area is the same radiator 10, so that the radiator 10 can be distributed in an L shape.
  • radiators 10 There may be three radiators 10 , two radiators 10 are spaced apart along the length direction of the first region in the first region, two radiators 10 are spaced apart along the length direction of the second region in the second region, and the first region is spaced apart from the length direction of the second region.
  • the radiator 10 in the overlapping area of the second area is the same radiator 10.
  • the antenna structure shown in Figure 3a there are no slots on the radiator.
  • the radiation of the antenna mainly relies on the radiation from the gap between a pair of edges of the radiator 10 and the reference floor 20.
  • the two gaps radiated by the antenna are respectively become Gap A and Gap B.
  • the antenna structure is a symmetrical structure, the current distribution on both edges of the radiator is of equal amplitude and phase, so the maximum radiation direction of its pattern is the normal direction, as shown in Figure 3c.
  • b1 and b2 are represented in different directions. Deflection at angle.
  • the phases of the currents distributed on both edges of the radiator 10 are different, which has a certain The phase difference can deflect the pattern and change the maximum radiation direction of the antenna.
  • the slot 11 can be set on one edge of the radiator 10.
  • the electric field degrees of slot A and slot B are different.
  • the current path of slot B is relatively long and the phase is advanced, while the current path of slot A is relatively short.
  • the phase lags, so the pattern is deflected to a negative angle in the phi 0° plane, which can be simply summarized as deflection along the smaller side, as shown in Figure 4c.
  • c1 and c2 are expressed at different angles. deflection below. Therefore, in a complex equipment environment, when facing the deflection problem of the antenna pattern caused by environmental asymmetry, the slot 11 can be provided on one edge of the radiator 10 to correct the deflection problem of the pattern.
  • Figure 5a and Figure 5c show an antenna structure with asymmetric reference to the floor.
  • the antenna structure shown in Figure 5a there are no slots on the radiator.
  • the antenna structure shown in Figure 5c there are slots on the radiator.
  • Figure 5b d1 and d2 represent the pattern deflection of the antenna structure in Figure 5a
  • e1 and e2 in Figure 5d represent the pattern deflection of the antenna structure in Figure 5c.
  • FIGs 6a to 6d are schematic diagrams of the feed point on the radiator in the three antenna structures and the current distribution when operating in the resonant mode.
  • the feed position of the antenna structure is in a symmetrical position, the cross-polarization is relatively low and the polarization purity is relatively high.
  • the antenna current distribution in the working and resonant modes has good consistency.
  • a feed point is set at a symmetrical position of the radiator 10.
  • the current is distributed along the +y direction (a1 direction) and there is no x-direction current.
  • the antenna has very good polarization purity.
  • a feeding point is set at the corner of the radiator 10, and the feeding position is offset along the +x direction.
  • the shift in the feed position causes the antenna to operate in the resonant mode.
  • the current distribution produces a current component extending in the +x direction (a2 direction).
  • the a2 direction represents the cross-polarization current, resulting in cross-polarization.
  • the trapezoidal radiator 10 By setting the feed point at the corner of the trapezoidal radiator, the polarization can be reduced.
  • the hypotenuse of the radiator 10 changes the direction of the current and introduces reverse crossover.
  • the distribution of polarization current offsets the cross-polarization current, thereby reducing the cross-polarization of the antenna and improving the polarization purity, as shown in Figure 6f.
  • the pattern of the antenna shown in Figure 6c and Figure 6e when working in the resonant mode can be shown in Figure 7.
  • f1 represents the pattern of the antenna in Figure 6c
  • f2 represents the pattern of the antenna in Figure 6e. It can be clearly seen that The cross-polarization of the antenna is reduced.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide an electronic device, including the antenna structure described in the above embodiment.
  • the electronic device having the antenna structure described in the above embodiment has highly directional pattern performance and high positioning accuracy.
  • the electronic device may also include: a frame 40 , a bracket 41 and a motherboard 42 .
  • the bracket 41 may be disposed on the frame 40 .
  • the frame 40 It can be a metal part.
  • the reference floor 20 can be set on one side of the bracket 41.
  • the radiator 10 can be set on the other side of the bracket 41.
  • the bracket 41 can fix the reference floor 20 and the radiator 10.
  • the main board 42 can be set on the reference floor.
  • the feed structure 13 may be disposed on the main board 42 .
  • a through hole 21 can be provided on the reference floor 20 , and a portion of the feed structure 13 can be electrically connected to the radiator 10 through the through hole 21 , so that the feed structure 13 can feed the radiator 10 .
  • the feed structure 13 may include a conductive elastic piece 14 , the conductive elastic piece 14 may be electrically connected to the radiator 10 through the through hole 21 , and the conductive elastic piece 14 may be insulated from the reference floor 20 .
  • the electronic device may further include: a shielding cover 43 .
  • the shielding cover 43 may be disposed on a side of the mainboard 42 close to the reference floor 20 , and the mainboard may be protected by the shielding cover 43 . 42 devices to prevent interference from external signals.
  • the shielding cover 43 and the reference floor 20 can be spaced apart, and an appropriate spacing can be selected according to the specific structure of the equipment.
  • the electronic device may also include: a display screen 44 and a cover 45.
  • the cover 45 may be a battery cover, and the display screen 44 and the cover 45 may be disposed on the frame 40.
  • the display screen 44 can be disposed on one side of the frame 40
  • the cover 45 can be disposed on the other side of the frame 40
  • the bracket 41 and the main board 42 can be located between the display screen 44 and the cover 45 .

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  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

Disclosed in the present application are an antenna structure and an electronic device. The antenna structure comprises: at least one radiator, one of two opposite edges of the at least one radiator being provided with a slot, and the phases of currents distributed on the two opposite edges of the radiator being different; a reference floor, the radiator and the reference floor being stacked at an interval; and a feed structure configured to feed the radiator.

Description

天线结构和电子设备Antenna structures and electronic equipment
相关申请的交叉引用Cross-references to related applications
本申请主张在2022年4月1日在中国提交的中国专利申请No.202210348882.5的优先权，其全部内容通过引用包含于此。This application claims priority from Chinese Patent Application No. 202210348882.5 filed in China on April 1, 2022, the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference.
技术领域Technical field
本申请属于终端技术领域，具体涉及一种天线结构和电子设备。This application belongs to the field of terminal technology, and specifically relates to an antenna structure and electronic equipment.
背景技术Background technique
随着第五代移动通信技术(5th Generation Mobile Communication Technology，5G)通信技术的发展，用户对电子设备的功能要求越来越多，对电子设备的便捷性、智能化水平提出了更高的要求。其中一个重要的需求是将室内定位、寻物等功能引入到电子设备中。实现这一功能需要在手机中应用定位技术，超宽带(Ultra Wide Band，UWB)定位技术由于具有很高的定位准确度和定位精度在众多定位技术中受到关注。基于激光直接成型工艺(Laser-Direct-structuring，LDS)的UWB技术因其低成本优势进入业界视野，但难以获得较好的方向图性能，辐射的定向性差。With the development of fifth generation mobile communication technology (5G) communication technology, users have more and more functional requirements for electronic equipment, and have put forward higher requirements for the convenience and intelligence level of electronic equipment. . One of the important requirements is to introduce functions such as indoor positioning and object finding into electronic devices. Achieving this function requires the application of positioning technology in mobile phones. Ultra Wide Band (UWB) positioning technology has attracted attention among many positioning technologies due to its high positioning accuracy and positioning accuracy. UWB technology based on laser-direct-structuring (LDS) technology has entered the industry's field of vision due to its low-cost advantage, but it is difficult to obtain better pattern performance and the radiation directionality is poor.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本申请实施例的目的是提供一种天线结构和电子设备，用以解决天线不易获得高定向性的方向图性能的问题。The purpose of the embodiments of the present application is to provide an antenna structure and electronic equipment to solve the problem that the antenna cannot easily obtain high directivity pattern performance.
第一方面，本申请实施例提供一种天线结构，包括：In a first aspect, embodiments of the present application provide an antenna structure, including:
至少一个辐射体，至少一个所述辐射体的相对两侧边沿中的一侧边沿上设有槽缝且所述辐射体的相对两侧边沿分布的电流的相位不同；At least one radiator, one edge of the opposite sides of the at least one radiator is provided with a slot, and the phases of the currents distributed on the opposite sides of the radiator are different;
参考地板，所述辐射体与所述参考地板层叠间隔设置；A reference floor, the radiator is stacked and spaced apart from the reference floor;
馈电结构，所述馈电结构用于为所述辐射体馈电。A feed structure, the feed structure is used to feed the radiator.
其中，至少一个所述辐射体为矩形，至少一个矩形的辐射体的一侧边沿 设有所述槽缝。Wherein, at least one of the radiators is rectangular, and one side edge of at least one rectangular radiator The slots are provided.
其中，所述槽缝从所述辐射体的边沿向所述辐射体的内部延伸。Wherein, the slot extends from the edge of the radiator to the inside of the radiator.
其中，至少一个所述辐射体为梯形，至少一个所述辐射体的上底边沿或下底边沿设有所述槽缝。Wherein, at least one of the radiators is trapezoidal, and the slot is provided on an upper bottom edge or a lower bottom edge of at least one of the radiators.
其中，天线结构包括：Among them, the antenna structure includes:
枝节，所述枝节与至少一个所述辐射体耦合，至少一个所述辐射体的角部区域的外周设有所述枝节。The branches are coupled to at least one of the radiators, and the branches are provided on the outer periphery of the corner area of at least one of the radiators.
其中，至少一个所述辐射体为矩形，至少一个所述辐射体的馈电点位于辐射体的角部区域，所述馈电结构与所述馈电点电连接，所述枝节围绕所述馈电点所在的角部区域的外周设置；和/或Wherein, at least one of the radiators is rectangular, the feed point of at least one of the radiators is located in a corner area of the radiator, the feed structure is electrically connected to the feed point, and the branches surround the feed Peripheral setting of the corner area where the electrical points are located; and/or
所述枝节围绕与所述馈电点所在的角部区域相对的角部区域的外周设置。The branches are arranged around the outer periphery of the corner area opposite to the corner area where the feed point is located.
其中，至少一个所述辐射体为直角梯形，所述馈电结构与所述辐射体的馈电点电连接，至少一个所述辐射体的馈电点位于靠近辐射体上底的直角角部区域或者靠近辐射体下底的锐角角部区域；Wherein, at least one of the radiators is a right-angled trapezoid, the feed structure is electrically connected to a feed point of the radiator, and the feed point of at least one of the radiators is located in a right-angled corner area close to the upper bottom of the radiator. Or the acute corner area near the bottom of the radiator;
所述直角角部区域与所述锐角角部区域中的至少一个角部区域的外周设有所述枝节。The branches are provided on the outer periphery of at least one of the right-angled corner region and the acute-angled corner region.
其中，至少一个所述辐射体的上底边沿或下底边沿设有所述槽缝。Wherein, the slot is provided on the upper bottom edge or the lower bottom edge of at least one of the radiators.
其中，所述辐射体具有三个，两个所述辐射体在第一区域沿所述第一区域的长度方向间隔设置，两个所述辐射体在第二区域沿所述第二区域的长度方向间隔设置，所述第一区域与所述第二区域垂直交叠，所述第一区域与所述第二区域在交叠区域的辐射体为同一个辐射体。There are three radiators, two of the radiators are spaced apart in the first area along the length direction of the first area, and two of the radiators are in the second area along the length of the second area. The first area and the second area are arranged at intervals in directions, and the first area and the second area vertically overlap, and the radiators in the overlapping area of the first area and the second area are the same radiator.
第二方面，本申请实施例提供一种电子设备，包括上述实施例中所述的天线结构。In a second aspect, embodiments of the present application provide an electronic device, including the antenna structure described in the above embodiments.
其中，电子设备还包括：Among them, electronic equipment also includes:
框体；framework;
支架，所述支架设置于所述框体上，所述参考地板设置于所述支架的一侧，所述辐射体设置于所述支架的另一侧； A bracket, the bracket is arranged on the frame, the reference floor is arranged on one side of the bracket, and the radiator is arranged on the other side of the bracket;
主板，所述主板设置于所述参考地板的远离所述主板的一侧，所述馈电结构设置于所述主板上。A mainboard is provided on a side of the reference floor away from the mainboard, and the feed structure is provided on the mainboard.
其中，电子设备还包括：Among them, electronic equipment also includes:
屏蔽罩，所述屏蔽罩设置于所述主板的靠近所述参考地板的一侧。A shielding cover is provided on a side of the main board close to the reference floor.
在本申请实施例的天线结构中，在至少一个所述辐射体的相对两侧边沿中的一侧边沿上设有槽缝且辐射体的相对两侧边沿分布的电流的相位不同，通过槽缝可以使得辐射体的相对两侧边沿分布的电流的相位不同，具有一定的相位差，可以使得天线的方向图产生偏转，改变天线的最大辐射方向，在复杂设备环境中，可以矫正天线的方向图偏转问题，使得天线具有高定向性的方向图性能，改善了天线的定向性。In the antenna structure of the embodiment of the present application, a slot is provided on one edge of at least one of the opposite sides of the radiator, and the phases of the currents distributed on the opposite sides of the radiator are different. Through the slot, It can make the phases of the current distributed on the opposite sides of the radiator different and have a certain phase difference, which can deflect the antenna pattern and change the maximum radiation direction of the antenna. In complex equipment environments, the antenna pattern can be corrected. The deflection problem makes the antenna have highly directional pattern performance and improves the directivity of the antenna.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本申请实施例中电子设备的一个***示意图；Figure 1 is an exploded schematic diagram of an electronic device in an embodiment of the present application;
图2a为辐射体在电子设备中的一个分布示意图；Figure 2a is a schematic diagram of the distribution of radiators in electronic equipment;
图2b为参考地板在电子设备中的一个分布示意图；Figure 2b is a schematic diagram of the distribution of reference floors in electronic equipment;
图2c为本申请实施例中电子设备的一个剖视示意图；Figure 2c is a schematic cross-sectional view of the electronic device in the embodiment of the present application;
图2d为参考地板上通孔的一个结构示意图；Figure 2d is a structural schematic diagram of the through hole on the reference floor;
图2e为通孔在参考地板上的一个分布示意图；Figure 2e is a schematic diagram of the distribution of through holes on the reference floor;
图3a为辐射体上未有槽缝时的一个天线示意图；Figure 3a is a schematic diagram of an antenna when there is no slot on the radiator;
图3b为图3a中天线结构的一个侧视图；Figure 3b is a side view of the antenna structure in Figure 3a;
图3c为图3a中天线的一个方向图性能示意图；Figure 3c is a schematic diagram of the pattern performance of the antenna in Figure 3a;
图4a为辐射体上有槽缝时的一个天线示意图；Figure 4a is a schematic diagram of an antenna when there are slots on the radiator;
图4b为图4a中天线结构的一个侧视图；Figure 4b is a side view of the antenna structure in Figure 4a;
图4c为图4a中天线的一个方向图性能示意图；Figure 4c is a schematic diagram of the pattern performance of the antenna in Figure 4a;
图5a为辐射体上未有槽缝时的一个天线示意图；Figure 5a is a schematic diagram of an antenna when there are no slots on the radiator;
图5b为图5a中天线的一个方向图性能示意图；Figure 5b is a directional pattern performance diagram of the antenna in Figure 5a;
图5c为辐射体上有槽缝时的一个天线示意图； Figure 5c is a schematic diagram of an antenna when there are slots on the radiator;
图5d为图5c中天线的一个方向图性能示意图；Figure 5d is a schematic diagram of the pattern performance of the antenna in Figure 5c;
图6a为馈电点在辐射体对称位置时的一个天线示意图；Figure 6a is a schematic diagram of an antenna when the feed point is at a symmetrical position of the radiator;
图6b为图6a中辐射体上电流的一个分布示意图；Figure 6b is a schematic distribution diagram of the current on the radiator in Figure 6a;
图6c为馈电点在辐射体角部位置时的一个天线示意图；Figure 6c is a schematic diagram of an antenna when the feed point is at the corner of the radiator;
图6d为图6c中辐射体上电流的一个分布示意图；Figure 6d is a schematic diagram of the distribution of current on the radiator in Figure 6c;
图6e为馈电点在辐射体角部位置时的一个天线示意图；Figure 6e is a schematic diagram of an antenna when the feed point is at the corner of the radiator;
图6f为图6e中辐射体上电流的一个分布示意图；Figure 6f is a schematic diagram of the distribution of current on the radiator in Figure 6e;
图7为天线的方向图性能对比示意图；Figure 7 is a schematic diagram showing the antenna pattern performance comparison;
图8a为天线结构在电子设备中的一个设置示意图；Figure 8a is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of an antenna structure in an electronic device;
图8b为天线结构的一个俯视图；Figure 8b is a top view of the antenna structure;
图8c为图8b中天线结构的一个侧视图；Figure 8c is a side view of the antenna structure in Figure 8b;
图8d为图8b中天线结构的另一个侧视图；Figure 8d is another side view of the antenna structure in Figure 8b;
图9a为天线结构的一个俯视图；Figure 9a is a top view of the antenna structure;
图9b为天线结构的另一个俯视图；Figure 9b is another top view of the antenna structure;
图9c为天线结构的又一个俯视图；Figure 9c is another top view of the antenna structure;
图9d为天线结构的又一个俯视图；Figure 9d is another top view of the antenna structure;
图9e为天线结构的又一个俯视图；Figure 9e is another top view of the antenna structure;
图9f为天线结构的又一个俯视图；Figure 9f is another top view of the antenna structure;
图10a为辐射体上未设置槽缝时天线结构的一个俯视图；Figure 10a is a top view of the antenna structure when no slots are provided on the radiator;
图10b为辐射体上设置槽缝时天线结构的一个俯视图；Figure 10b is a top view of the antenna structure when slots are provided on the radiator;
图10c为天线结构的一个工作频率曲线图；Figure 10c is an operating frequency curve diagram of the antenna structure;
图11a为辐射体上未设置槽缝时天线结构的一个俯视图；Figure 11a is a top view of the antenna structure when no slots are provided on the radiator;
图11b为辐射体上设置槽缝时天线结构的一个俯视图；Figure 11b is a top view of the antenna structure when slots are provided on the radiator;
图11c为天线结构的一个方向图性能示意图；Figure 11c is a directional diagram performance diagram of the antenna structure;
图12a为天线结构的一个俯视图；Figure 12a is a top view of the antenna structure;
图12b为图12a中天线结构的一个侧视图；Figure 12b is a side view of the antenna structure in Figure 12a;
图12c为图12a中天线结构的另一个侧视图； Figure 12c is another side view of the antenna structure in Figure 12a;
图12d为天线结构的又一个俯视图；Figure 12d is another top view of the antenna structure;
图12e为天线结构的又一个俯视图；Figure 12e is another top view of the antenna structure;
图13a为天线结构的一个俯视图；Figure 13a is a top view of the antenna structure;
图13b为天线结构的另一个俯视图；Figure 13b is another top view of the antenna structure;
图13c为天线结构的又一个俯视图；Figure 13c is another top view of the antenna structure;
图13d为天线结构的又一个俯视图；Figure 13d is another top view of the antenna structure;
图14a为辐射体上设置槽缝时天线结构的一个俯视图；Figure 14a is a top view of the antenna structure when slots are provided on the radiator;
图14b为辐射体上未设置槽缝时天线结构的一个俯视图；Figure 14b is a top view of the antenna structure when no slots are provided on the radiator;
图14c为天线的极化纯度对比示意图；Figure 14c is a schematic diagram of the polarization purity comparison of the antenna;
图15为天线的方向图对比示意图；Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the antenna pattern comparison;
图16a为天线结构的一个俯视图；Figure 16a is a top view of the antenna structure;
图16b为天线结构的另一个俯视图；Figure 16b is another top view of the antenna structure;
图16c为天线结构的又一个俯视图；Figure 16c is another top view of the antenna structure;
图16d为天线结构的又一个俯视图。Figure 16d is another top view of the antenna structure.
附图标记Reference signs
辐射体10；槽缝11；馈电点12；Radiator 10; slot 11; feed point 12;
馈电结构13；导电弹片14；Feed structure 13; conductive elastic piece 14;
参考地板20；通孔21；Reference floor 20; through hole 21;
枝节30；Branch 30;
框体40；支架41；主板42；Frame 40; Bracket 41; Mainboard 42;
屏蔽罩43；显示屏44；盖体45。Shielding cover 43; display screen 44; cover 45.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创 造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, those of ordinary skill in the art have not made any creative All other embodiments obtained under the premise of creative labor belong to the scope of protection of this application.
本申请的说明书和权利要求书中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别类似的对象，而不用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。应该理解这样使用的数据在适当情况下可以互换，以便本申请的实施例能够以除了在这里图示或描述的那些以外的顺序实施。此外，说明书以及权利要求中“和/或”表示所连接对象的至少其中之一，字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。The terms "first", "second", etc. in the description and claims of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not used to describe a specific order or sequence. It is to be understood that data so used are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances so that embodiments of the present application can be practiced in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein. In addition, "and/or" in the description and claims indicates at least one of the connected objects, and the character "/" generally indicates that the related objects are in an "or" relationship.
下面结合附图1至图16d所示，通过具体的实施例及其应用场景对本申请实施例提供的天线结构进行详细地说明。The antenna structure provided by the embodiments of the present application will be described in detail through specific embodiments and application scenarios as shown in FIGS. 1 to 16d below.
如图1至图2e、图8a至图9f、图10b、图11b、图12a至图14a所示，本申请实施例的天线结构包括：至少一个辐射体10、参考地板20和馈电结构13，其中，辐射体10、参考地板20可以为导电材料件，比如辐射体10、参考地板20可以为金属材料件。至少一个辐射体10的相对两侧边沿中的一侧边沿上可以设有槽缝11且辐射体10的相对两侧边沿分布的电流的相位不同，通过槽缝11可以使得辐射体10的相对两侧边沿分布的电流的相位不同，具有一定的相位差，可以使得天线的方向图产生偏转。辐射体10的数量可以为一个或多个，比如，辐射体10的数量可以为三个，可以在一个或多个辐射体10的相对两侧边沿中的一侧边沿上设有槽缝11，槽缝11的数量可以为一个或多个。槽缝11可以为长条状、曲线状、多边形状等，槽缝11的具体形状可以根据实际情况选择。As shown in Figures 1 to 2e, Figures 8a to 9f, Figure 10b, Figure 11b, Figure 12a to Figure 14a, the antenna structure of the embodiment of the present application includes: at least one radiator 10, a reference floor 20 and a feed structure 13 , wherein the radiator 10 and the reference floor 20 can be made of conductive materials, for example, the radiator 10 and the reference floor 20 can be made of metal materials. A slot 11 can be provided on one edge of at least one of the opposite sides of the radiator 10 and the phase of the current distributed on the opposite sides of the radiator 10 is different. Through the slot 11, the opposite sides of the radiator 10 can be The currents distributed along the side edges have different phases and have a certain phase difference, which can deflect the antenna pattern. The number of radiators 10 may be one or more. For example, the number of radiators 10 may be three. Slots 11 may be provided on one edge of the opposite sides of one or more radiators 10. The number of slots 11 may be one or more. The slot 11 can be strip-shaped, curved, polygonal, etc., and the specific shape of the slot 11 can be selected according to the actual situation.
辐射体10与参考地板20层叠间隔设置，辐射体10与参考地板20可以在参考地板20的厚度方向上层叠间隔设置，辐射体10与参考地板20之间可以平行。辐射体10与参考地板20之间可以设置绝缘介质，通过绝缘介质支撑辐射体10。辐射体10可以为板体状，辐射体10的数量为多个的情况下，多个辐射体10可以处于同一平面，多个辐射体10可以间隔分布。馈电结构13可以用于为辐射体10馈电。如图2c至图2e所示，可以在参考地板20上设置通孔21，馈电结构13的部分可以穿过通孔21与辐射体10电连接，进 而通过馈电结构13可以为辐射体10馈电。馈电结构13可以包括导电弹片14，导电弹片14可以穿过通孔21与辐射体10电连接。The radiator 10 and the reference floor 20 are stacked and spaced apart. The radiator 10 and the reference floor 20 can be stacked and spaced apart in the thickness direction of the reference floor 20 . The radiator 10 and the reference floor 20 can be parallel to each other. An insulating medium may be provided between the radiator 10 and the reference floor 20 to support the radiator 10 through the insulating medium. The radiator 10 may be in the shape of a plate. When there are multiple radiators 10 , the plurality of radiators 10 may be on the same plane, and the plurality of radiators 10 may be distributed at intervals. The feed structure 13 may be used to feed the radiator 10 . As shown in FIGS. 2c to 2e , a through hole 21 can be provided on the reference floor 20 , and part of the feed structure 13 can be electrically connected to the radiator 10 through the through hole 21 . The radiator 10 can be fed through the feeding structure 13 . The feed structure 13 may include a conductive elastic piece 14 , and the conductive elastic piece 14 may pass through the through hole 21 to be electrically connected to the radiator 10 .
在本申请实施例的天线结构中，在至少一个辐射体10的相对两侧边沿中的一侧边沿上设有槽缝11，通过槽缝11可以使得辐射体10的相对两侧边沿分布的电流的相位不同，具有一定的相位差，可以使得天线的方向图产生偏转，改变天线的最大辐射方向，在复杂设备环境中，可以矫正天线的方向图偏转问题，使得天线具有高定向性的方向图性能，改善了天线的定向性。通过槽缝11可以使得天线与其他结构之间更好地的配合，有利于天线的小型化。天线结构对天线的外部环境要求低，通过调节天线自身结构即可以改善外部环境对天线性能的影响，适用范围广，应用性强，对环境的依赖程度低。In the antenna structure of the embodiment of the present application, a slot 11 is provided on one edge of the opposite sides of at least one radiator 10. Through the slot 11, the current can be distributed on the opposite sides of the radiator 10. Different phases and a certain phase difference can deflect the antenna's pattern and change the antenna's maximum radiation direction. In complex equipment environments, the antenna's pattern deflection problem can be corrected, making the antenna have a highly directional pattern. performance and improved antenna directivity. The slot 11 can provide better coordination between the antenna and other structures, which is beneficial to the miniaturization of the antenna. The antenna structure has low requirements on the external environment of the antenna. By adjusting the structure of the antenna itself, the impact of the external environment on the performance of the antenna can be improved. It has a wide range of applications, strong applicability, and low dependence on the environment.
在一些实施例中，如图8a至图8b、图9a至图9f所示，至少一个辐射体10可以为矩形，至少一个矩形的辐射体10的一侧边沿设有槽缝11。比如，至少一个辐射体10可以为矩形，至少一个矩形的辐射体10的一侧边沿可以设有槽缝11，槽缝11可以位于辐射体10的长边边沿，槽缝11可以为长条状，槽缝11可以垂直于辐射体10的长边边沿。至少一个矩形的辐射体10的一侧边沿可以设有槽缝11，槽缝11可以位于辐射体10的长边边沿，槽缝11可以为长条状，槽缝11可以垂直于辐射体10的长边边沿。矩形的辐射体10的一侧长边沿可以设有槽缝11，矩形的辐射体10的一侧短边沿也可以设有槽缝11，可以适用于多频段的天线。辐射体10可以为矩形，辐射体10的数量可以为三个，三个可以呈间隔分布，间隔距离可以根据实际选择。可以在一个、两个或三个辐射体10的一侧的边沿设有槽缝11，槽缝11在辐射体10的一侧边沿的具***置以及形状可以根据实际选择。通过槽缝11可以使得辐射体10的相对两侧边沿分布的电流的相位不同，具有一定的相位差，使得天线的方向图可以产生偏转，使得天线具有高定向性的方向图性能，改善了天线的定向性。In some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 8 a to 8 b and 9 a to 9 f, at least one radiator 10 may be rectangular, and at least one rectangular radiator 10 is provided with a slot 11 on one edge. For example, at least one radiator 10 can be rectangular, and one side edge of the at least one rectangular radiator 10 can be provided with a slot 11. The slot 11 can be located on the long edge of the radiator 10, and the slot 11 can be in the shape of a strip. , the slot 11 may be perpendicular to the long edge of the radiator 10 . At least one rectangular radiator 10 can be provided with a slot 11 on one side edge. The slot 11 can be located on the long edge of the radiator 10 . The slot 11 can be in the shape of a strip. The slot 11 can be perpendicular to the edge of the radiator 10 . Long side edge. The long edge of one side of the rectangular radiator 10 can be provided with a slot 11, and the short edge of the rectangular radiator 10 can also be provided with a slot 11, which can be suitable for multi-band antennas. The radiator 10 may be rectangular, the number of the radiators 10 may be three, and the three radiators may be distributed at intervals, and the interval distance may be selected according to actual conditions. Slots 11 can be provided on one side edge of one, two or three radiators 10 . The specific position and shape of the slots 11 on one side edge of the radiator 10 can be selected according to actual conditions. Through the slot 11, the phases of the currents distributed on the opposite sides of the radiator 10 are different and have a certain phase difference, so that the antenna pattern can be deflected, so that the antenna has highly directional pattern performance, and the antenna is improved. directionality.
可选地，槽缝11可以从辐射体10的边沿向辐射体10的内部延伸，槽缝11可以为矩形状，可以改变辐射体10的相对两侧边沿的电流分布，使得天 线具有高定向性的方向图性能。Optionally, the slot 11 can extend from the edge of the radiator 10 to the inside of the radiator 10 . The slot 11 can be in a rectangular shape, and can change the current distribution on the opposite sides of the radiator 10 so that the sky is clear. The line has highly directional pattern performance.
图8a所示为天线结构在电子设备(比如手机)中的位置，为方便展示，此处未显示支架等结构。由于设备环境、天线互耦等因素对定位天线的三个天线单元的影响可能相似，也可能不同，可以在一个或多个天线单元中的辐射体10上开槽缝11，一个辐射体10与参考地板可以构成一个天线单元。如图8b所示，在三个天线单元中的辐射体10上开槽缝11。参考地板的结构可以不限于本实施例中的形状，可以根据支架上预留的空间不同，参考地板的形状可以改变。三个天线单元中的辐射体10上的辐射一侧的中位可以有一个矩形的槽缝11。根据设备环境对天线的影响，槽缝11可以不限于中间位置，也可向+x方向或-x方向偏移，如图9a和图9b所示，三个天线单元中的辐射体10上的槽缝11的位置可以不限于一致，如图9c和图9d所示，也可以仅在一个或两个天线单元中的辐射体10上开槽缝11，如图9e和图9f所示。Figure 8a shows the position of the antenna structure in an electronic device (such as a mobile phone). For convenience of presentation, structures such as brackets are not shown here. Due to factors such as the equipment environment and antenna mutual coupling, the effects on the three antenna units of the positioning antenna may be similar or different. Slots 11 can be opened on the radiators 10 in one or more antenna units. One radiator 10 and The reference floor can form an antenna element. As shown in Figure 8b, slots 11 are opened on the radiators 10 in the three antenna units. The structure of the reference floor may not be limited to the shape in this embodiment. The shape of the reference floor may be changed according to the space reserved on the bracket. There may be a rectangular slot 11 at the center of the radiation side of the radiator 10 among the three antenna units. According to the influence of the equipment environment on the antenna, the slot 11 may not be limited to the middle position, but may also be offset in the +x direction or the -x direction. As shown in Figure 9a and Figure 9b, the slot 11 on the radiator 10 in the three antenna units The positions of the slots 11 are not limited to being consistent, as shown in Figures 9c and 9d, or the slots 11 can only be opened on the radiators 10 in one or two antenna units, as shown in Figures 9e and 9f.
在辐射体10上设置槽缝11，可以有利于减小天线尺寸，实现小型化；还可以矫正天线的方向图偏转，改善了天线的定向性。如图10a中所示为天线中三个矩形的辐射体10上未设置槽缝11，如图10b中所示为天线中三个矩形的辐射体10上均设置槽缝11，如图10c所示为天线中天线单元的工作频率曲线，m1为图10a中所示天线中天线单元的工作频率曲线，m2为图10b中所示天线中天线单元的工作频率曲线。由于槽缝11的存在，图10b中的辐射体的体积小于图10a中辐射体的体积，虽然图10b中的辐射体的体积小于图10a中辐射体的体积，但是图10b中的天线也可以达到图10a中天线的工作频率。也即是，槽缝11的存在使天线结构的尺寸相比于无槽缝11时更小，还可以同频率工作。Providing the slot 11 on the radiator 10 can help reduce the size of the antenna and achieve miniaturization; it can also correct the pattern deflection of the antenna and improve the directivity of the antenna. As shown in Figure 10a, the three rectangular radiators 10 in the antenna are not provided with slots 11. As shown in Figure 10b, the three rectangular radiators 10 in the antenna are all provided with slots 11, as shown in Figure 10c. is the operating frequency curve of the antenna unit in the antenna, m1 is the operating frequency curve of the antenna unit in the antenna shown in Figure 10a, and m2 is the operating frequency curve of the antenna unit in the antenna shown in Figure 10b. Due to the existence of the slot 11, the volume of the radiator in Figure 10b is smaller than that of the radiator in Figure 10a. Although the volume of the radiator in Figure 10b is smaller than the volume of the radiator in Figure 10a, the antenna in Figure 10b can also be The operating frequency of the antenna in Figure 10a is reached. That is to say, the existence of the slot 11 makes the size of the antenna structure smaller than that without the slot 11, and it can also operate at the same frequency.
如图11a中所示为天线中三个矩形的辐射体10上未设置槽缝11，如图11b中所示为天线中三个矩形的辐射体10上均设置槽缝11，如图11c所示为天线的方向图性能示意图，g1表示图11a所示天线中辐射体10的天线单元的方向图，g2表示图11b所示天线中辐射体10的天线单元的方向图。如图11c所示，槽缝11可以改善天线单元的定向性作用，未设置槽缝11时，辐射体 10的天线单元的辐射方向产生偏转。在天线单元的辐射体10设置槽缝11后，辐射方向矫正回正Z轴方向，定向性增强。As shown in Figure 11a, the three rectangular radiators 10 in the antenna are not provided with slots 11. As shown in Figure 11b, the three rectangular radiators 10 in the antenna are all provided with slots 11, as shown in Figure 11c. is a schematic diagram of the pattern performance of the antenna, g1 represents the pattern of the antenna element of the radiator 10 in the antenna shown in Figure 11a, and g2 represents the pattern of the antenna element of the radiator 10 in the antenna shown in Figure 11b. As shown in Figure 11c, the slot 11 can improve the directional effect of the antenna unit. When the slot 11 is not provided, the radiator The radiation direction of the antenna unit 10 is deflected. After the slot 11 is provided in the radiator 10 of the antenna unit, the radiation direction is corrected back to the positive Z-axis direction, and the directivity is enhanced.
在本申请的实施例中，至少一个辐射体10可以为梯形，至少一个辐射体10的上底边沿或下底边沿可以设有槽缝11，通过在辐射体10的上底边沿或下底边沿设有槽缝11可以更好地改变辐射体10的上底边沿或下底边沿的电流分布，使得天线具有高定向性的方向图性能。根据实际的情况，梯形的辐射体10的斜边沿上可以设有槽缝11。天线结构在天线工作与谐振模式时，天线中直角梯形的辐射体10的斜边改变了电流的方向，引入了反向的交叉极化电流分布，该电流与交叉极化电流产生抵消作用，从而降低了天线的交叉极化，使得极化纯度提升。In the embodiment of the present application, at least one radiator 10 may be trapezoidal, and the upper or lower bottom edge of at least one radiator 10 may be provided with a slot 11 . The provision of the slot 11 can better change the current distribution on the upper or lower edge of the radiator 10 , so that the antenna has highly directional pattern performance. Depending on the actual situation, slots 11 may be provided on the hypotenuse of the trapezoidal radiator 10 . When the antenna structure is operating in the resonance mode, the hypotenuse of the right-angled trapezoidal radiator 10 in the antenna changes the direction of the current and introduces a reverse cross-polarized current distribution. This current offsets the cross-polarized current, thereby The cross-polarization of the antenna is reduced and the polarization purity is improved.
如图12a至图13d所示，将天线结构中的一个或多个辐射体10设计为梯形且在辐射体10的一侧边沿设置槽缝11，槽缝11的位置可以根据实际选择。一个辐射体10与参考地板可以构成一个天线单元，天线单元中的辐射体10的设置组合方式不限于图12a至图13d所示，根据设备环境的不同选择其他组合。通过设置槽缝11可以矫正天线的方向图偏转，有利于实现天线的小型化，辐射体10设计为梯形可以实现天线单元的高极化纯度。图14a中辐射体上设置槽缝，图14b中辐射体上未设置槽缝，图14c为天线的极化纯度对比示意图，曲线n1为图14a中具有槽缝的辐射体形成的天线单元的曲线，曲线n2为图14b中未有槽缝的辐射体形成的天线单元的曲线，从图14c所示，在±60°内极化纯度明显提升。图15为天线的方向图对比示意图，曲线h2为图14a中具有槽缝的辐射体形成的天线单元的曲线，曲线h1为图14b中未有槽缝的辐射体形成的天线单元的曲线，相较于图14b中的天线单元,图14a中的天线单元的方向图偏转改善明显。As shown in Figures 12a to 13d, one or more radiators 10 in the antenna structure are designed to be trapezoidal and a slot 11 is provided on one edge of the radiator 10. The position of the slot 11 can be selected according to actual conditions. A radiator 10 and a reference floor can form an antenna unit. The arrangement and combination of the radiators 10 in the antenna unit are not limited to those shown in Figures 12a to 13d. Other combinations can be selected according to different equipment environments. By providing the slot 11, the pattern deflection of the antenna can be corrected, which is beneficial to the miniaturization of the antenna. The trapezoidal design of the radiator 10 can achieve high polarization purity of the antenna unit. In Figure 14a, there are slots on the radiator. In Figure 14b, there are no slots on the radiator. Figure 14c is a schematic diagram of the polarization purity comparison of the antenna. Curve n1 is the curve of the antenna unit formed by the radiator with slots in Figure 14a. , curve n2 is the curve of the antenna unit formed by the radiator without slots in Figure 14b. As shown in Figure 14c, the polarization purity is significantly improved within ±60°. Figure 15 is a schematic diagram comparing antenna patterns. Curve h2 is the curve of the antenna unit formed by the radiator with slots in Figure 14a. Curve h1 is the curve of the antenna unit formed by the radiator without slots in Figure 14b. Compared with the antenna unit in Figure 14b, the pattern deflection of the antenna unit in Figure 14a is significantly improved.
在一些实施例中，如图16a至图16d所示，天线结构可以包括：枝节30，枝节30可以为导电材料件，比如枝节30可以为金属件。枝节30可以与至少一个辐射体10耦合，枝节30与至少一个辐射体10可以间隔设置，至少一个辐射体10的角部区域的外周可以设有枝节30。枝节30可以围绕辐射体10 的角部区域设置，枝节30可以为L型或U型，具体的形状可以根据实际选择。至少一个辐射体10可以与枝节30间隔耦合，每个辐射体10可以与对应的一个枝节30间隔耦合，通过枝节30与至少一个辐射体10的耦合可以在枝节30上分布电流，通过枝节30上分布的电流可以抵消辐射体10上产生的交叉极化电流，可以实现天线的高极化纯度。In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 16a to 16d, the antenna structure may include: a branch 30, and the branch 30 may be a conductive material piece, for example, the branch 30 may be a metal piece. The branches 30 may be coupled with at least one radiator 10 , the branches 30 and the at least one radiator 10 may be spaced apart, and the branches 30 may be provided on the outer periphery of the corner area of the at least one radiator 10 . The branches 30 may surround the radiator 10 The branch 30 can be L-shaped or U-shaped, and the specific shape can be selected according to the actual situation. At least one radiator 10 can be coupled with a branch 30 at intervals, and each radiator 10 can be coupled with a corresponding branch 30 at intervals. Through the coupling between the branch 30 and at least one radiator 10, current can be distributed on the branch 30, and through the coupling on the branch 30 The distributed current can offset the cross-polarization current generated on the radiator 10 and achieve high polarization purity of the antenna.
在一些实施例中，如图16a和图16b所示，至少一个辐射体10可以为矩形，至少一个辐射体10的馈电点位于辐射体的角部区域，比如，矩形的辐射体10的馈电点可以位于矩形的辐射体的角部区域，馈电结构13与馈电点12可以电连接，枝节30可以围绕馈电点12所在的角部区域的外周设置。枝节30可以围绕与馈电点12所在的角部区域相对的角部区域的外周设置。比如，至少一个辐射体10可以为矩形，矩形的辐射体10的馈电点可以位于矩形的辐射体的角部区域，枝节30可以围绕馈电点12所在的矩形的辐射体10的角部区域的外周设置，或者，枝节30可以围绕与馈电点12所在的角部区域相对的角部区域的外周设置。一个辐射体10可以对应设置有两个枝节30，一个枝节30可以围绕馈电点12所在的矩形的辐射体10的角部区域的外周设置，同时，另一个枝节30可以围绕与馈电点12所在的角部区域相对的角部区域的外周设置。通过枝节30上分布的电流可以抵消辐射体10上产生的交叉极化电流，可以实现天线的高极化纯度。辐射体10可以为矩形或梯形，不同辐射体10之间的位置关系可以根据实际选择，不同形状的辐射体10之间的组合关系可以根据实际选择。In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 16a and 16b, at least one radiator 10 may be rectangular, and the feed point of the at least one radiator 10 is located in a corner area of the radiator. For example, the feed point of the rectangular radiator 10 The electrical point may be located in the corner area of the rectangular radiator, the feed structure 13 and the feed point 12 may be electrically connected, and the branches 30 may be arranged around the periphery of the corner area where the feed point 12 is located. The branches 30 may be arranged around the periphery of the corner area opposite to the corner area where the feed point 12 is located. For example, at least one radiator 10 may be rectangular, the feed point of the rectangular radiator 10 may be located in a corner area of the rectangular radiator, and the branches 30 may surround the corner area of the rectangular radiator 10 where the feed point 12 is located. Alternatively, the branches 30 may be arranged around the periphery of the corner area opposite to the corner area where the feed point 12 is located. One radiator 10 may be provided with two branches 30 correspondingly. One branch 30 may be disposed around the periphery of the corner area of the rectangular radiator 10 where the feed point 12 is located. At the same time, the other branch 30 may surround the feed point 12 . The corner area is located opposite the outer periphery of the corner area. The cross-polarization current generated on the radiator 10 can be offset by the current distributed on the branches 30, and high polarization purity of the antenna can be achieved. The radiator 10 can be rectangular or trapezoidal, the positional relationship between different radiators 10 can be selected according to actual conditions, and the combination relationship between radiators 10 of different shapes can be selected according to actual conditions.
在本申请的实施例中，如图16c和图16d所示，至少一个辐射体10可以为直角梯形，馈电结构13与辐射体10的馈电点12可以电连接，至少一个辐射体10的馈电点12位于靠近辐射体10上底的直角角部区域或者靠近辐射体10下底的锐角角部区域。直角角部区域与锐角角部区域中的至少一个角部区域的外周可以设有枝节30。比如，至少一个辐射体10为直角梯形，至少一个直角梯形的辐射体10的馈电点12位于靠近辐射体10上底的直角角部区域或者靠近辐射体10下底的锐角角部区域，可以在直角角部区域与锐角角部区 域中的至少一个角部区域的外周设有枝节30。通过枝节30上分布的电流可以抵消辐射体10上产生的交叉极化电流，可以实现天线的高极化纯度。天线结构在天线工作与谐振模式时，直角梯形的辐射体10的斜边改变了电流的方向，引入了反向的交叉极化电流分布，该电流与交叉极化电流产生抵消作用，从而降低了天线的交叉极化，极化纯度提升。In the embodiment of the present application, as shown in FIG. 16c and FIG. 16d , at least one radiator 10 may be a right-angled trapezoid, and the feed structure 13 and the feed point 12 of the radiator 10 may be electrically connected. The feeding point 12 is located at a right-angled corner area close to the upper bottom of the radiator 10 or an acute-angled corner area close to the lower bottom of the radiator 10 . Branches 30 may be provided on the outer periphery of at least one of the right-angled corner region and the acute-angled corner region. For example, at least one radiator 10 is a right-angled trapezoid, and the feed point 12 of at least one right-angled trapezoidal radiator 10 is located at a right-angled corner area close to the upper bottom of the radiator 10 or an acute-angled corner area close to the lower bottom of the radiator 10. In the right-angled corner area and acute-angled corner area Branches 30 are provided on the periphery of at least one corner area in the domain. The cross-polarization current generated on the radiator 10 can be offset by the current distributed on the branches 30, and high polarization purity of the antenna can be achieved. When the antenna structure is operating in the resonant mode, the hypotenuse of the right-angled trapezoidal radiator 10 changes the direction of the current and introduces a reverse cross-polarized current distribution. This current offsets the cross-polarized current, thereby reducing the The cross-polarization of the antenna improves the polarization purity.
可选地，至少一个辐射体10的上底边沿或下底边沿设有槽缝11，比如，辐射体10的数量为三个，三个辐射体10的上底边沿或下底边沿均可以设有槽缝11，通过槽缝11可以使得辐射体10的相对两侧边沿的电流分布相位不同，具有一定的相位差，可以使得天线的方向图产生偏转，使得天线具有高定向性的方向图性能。Optionally, the upper or lower bottom edge of at least one radiator 10 is provided with a slot 11. For example, the number of the radiators 10 is three, and the upper or lower bottom edges of the three radiators 10 can all be provided with slots 11. There is a slot 11. Through the slot 11, the current distribution phases on the opposite sides of the radiator 10 are different and have a certain phase difference, which can deflect the antenna pattern and make the antenna have highly directional pattern performance. .
在本申请的实施例中，辐射体10可以具有三个，两个辐射体10在第一区域沿第一区域的长度方向间隔设置，两个辐射体10在第二区域沿第二区域的长度方向间隔设置，第一区域与第二区域垂直交叠，第一区域与第二区域在交叠区域的辐射体10为同一个辐射体10，也即是，第一区域与第二区域在交叠区域只有一个辐射体10，且第一区域与第二区域在交叠区域的一个辐射体10为同一个辐射体10，使得辐射体10可以呈L型分布。辐射体10可以具有三个，两个辐射体10在第一区域沿第一区域的长度方向间隔设置，两个辐射体10在第二区域沿第二区域的长度方向间隔设置，第一区域与第二区域在交叠区域的辐射体10为同一个辐射体10，在天线结构设置上述三个辐射体10的情况下，天线结构可以作为UWB天线，通过三个辐射体10可以进行准确地定位，提高定位的精确度。In the embodiment of the present application, there may be three radiators 10 , two radiators 10 are spaced apart in the first area along the length direction of the first area, and two radiators 10 are arranged in the second area along the length of the second area. The first region and the second region overlap vertically. The radiator 10 in the overlapping region of the first region and the second region is the same radiator 10. That is, the first region and the second region overlap in the intersection region. There is only one radiator 10 in the overlapping area, and the radiator 10 in the overlapping area of the first area and the second area is the same radiator 10, so that the radiator 10 can be distributed in an L shape. There may be three radiators 10 , two radiators 10 are spaced apart along the length direction of the first region in the first region, two radiators 10 are spaced apart along the length direction of the second region in the second region, and the first region is spaced apart from the length direction of the second region. The radiator 10 in the overlapping area of the second area is the same radiator 10. When the antenna structure is provided with the above three radiators 10, the antenna structure can be used as a UWB antenna, and the three radiators 10 can be accurately positioned. , improve positioning accuracy.
图3a所示的天线结构中辐射体上未设置槽缝，天线的辐射主要依赖辐射体10的一对边沿与参考地板20之间的缝隙辐射，为方便描述，将天线辐射的两条缝隙分别成为缝隙A和缝隙B。当天线结构为对称结构时，辐射体上两边沿的电流分布等幅同相，因此其方向图最大辐射方向为法向，具体可以如图3c所示，在图3c中，b1和b2表示在不同角度下的偏转情况。此时，通过设计不对称结构使得辐射体10的两边沿分布的电流的相位不同，具有一定 的相位差，可以使方向图产生偏转，改变天线的最大辐射方向。可以在辐射体10的其中一个边沿设置槽缝11，如图4a所示，缝隙A和缝隙B的电场度不同，缝隙B的电流路径相对较长而相位超前，缝隙A的电流路径相对较短而相位滞后，因此方向图在phi＝0°平面向负角度偏转，可以简单概括为沿尺寸较小的边偏转，具体可以如图4c所示，在图4c中，c1和c2表示在不同角度下的偏转情况。因此，在复杂设备环境中，面对环境的不对称对天线方向图带来的偏转问题时，可以通过在辐射体10的其中一个边沿设置槽缝11来矫正方向图的偏转问题。In the antenna structure shown in Figure 3a, there are no slots on the radiator. The radiation of the antenna mainly relies on the radiation from the gap between a pair of edges of the radiator 10 and the reference floor 20. For the convenience of description, the two gaps radiated by the antenna are respectively Become Gap A and Gap B. When the antenna structure is a symmetrical structure, the current distribution on both edges of the radiator is of equal amplitude and phase, so the maximum radiation direction of its pattern is the normal direction, as shown in Figure 3c. In Figure 3c, b1 and b2 are represented in different directions. Deflection at angle. At this time, by designing the asymmetric structure, the phases of the currents distributed on both edges of the radiator 10 are different, which has a certain The phase difference can deflect the pattern and change the maximum radiation direction of the antenna. The slot 11 can be set on one edge of the radiator 10. As shown in Figure 4a, the electric field degrees of slot A and slot B are different. The current path of slot B is relatively long and the phase is advanced, while the current path of slot A is relatively short. The phase lags, so the pattern is deflected to a negative angle in the phi=0° plane, which can be simply summarized as deflection along the smaller side, as shown in Figure 4c. In Figure 4c, c1 and c2 are expressed at different angles. deflection below. Therefore, in a complex equipment environment, when facing the deflection problem of the antenna pattern caused by environmental asymmetry, the slot 11 can be provided on one edge of the radiator 10 to correct the deflection problem of the pattern.
图5a和图5c所示为一个参考地板不对称的天线结构，图5a所示的天线结构中辐射体上未设置槽缝，图5c所示的天线结构中辐射体上设置槽缝，图5b中d1和d2表示图5a中的天线结构的方向图偏转情况，图5d中e1和e2表示图5c中的天线结构的方向图偏转情况。如图5a所示，由于此时缝隙A与缝隙B相同，而参考地板相对于天线结构不对称，导致了天线方向图在phi＝0°平面往正角度方向偏转，具体可以如图5b。根据上述机理，如图5c所示，在天线的辐射体10的其中一个边沿设置槽缝11，增加缝隙B的路径，使得天线在phi＝0°平面的方向图往负角度偏转。最终，在中和作用下，天线方向图的最大辐射方向恢复至法相，具体可以如图5d。Figure 5a and Figure 5c show an antenna structure with asymmetric reference to the floor. In the antenna structure shown in Figure 5a, there are no slots on the radiator. In the antenna structure shown in Figure 5c, there are slots on the radiator. Figure 5b d1 and d2 represent the pattern deflection of the antenna structure in Figure 5a, and e1 and e2 in Figure 5d represent the pattern deflection of the antenna structure in Figure 5c. As shown in Figure 5a, since the gap A and the gap B are the same at this time, and the reference floor is asymmetrical relative to the antenna structure, the antenna pattern is deflected in the positive angle direction on the phi=0° plane, as shown in Figure 5b. According to the above mechanism, as shown in Figure 5c, a slot 11 is provided on one edge of the radiator 10 of the antenna to increase the path of the slot B, so that the pattern of the antenna in the phi=0° plane is deflected to a negative angle. Finally, under the neutralization effect, the maximum radiation direction of the antenna pattern returns to the normal phase, as shown in Figure 5d.
图6a至图6d为三种天线结构中馈电点在辐射体的示意图以及工作在谐振模式时的电流分布示意图。当天线结构的馈电位置位于对称位置时，交叉极化相对低，极化纯度相对高，此时工作与谐振模式的天线电流分布具有良好的一致性。如图6a所示，在辐射体10的对称位置设置馈电点，如图6b所示，电流延+y方向(a1方向)分布，无x方向电流，此时天线具有非常好的极化纯度。但在终端设备环境中，天线的馈电位置往往难以设置在如此理想的位置，比如，如图6c所示，在辐射体10的角部位置设置馈电点，馈电位置沿+x方向偏移，如图6d所示，馈电位置的偏移导致天线工作在谐振模式时，电流分布产生了延+x方向(a2方向)的电流分量，a2方向表示交叉极化电流，导致交叉极化增加，极化纯度降低。如图6e所示，在梯形的辐射体10 的角部位置设置馈电点，通过构造梯形的辐射体可以降低极化，梯形的辐射体10在天线工作与谐振模式时辐射体10的斜边改变了电流的方向，引入了反向的交叉极化电流(a3方向的电流)分布，该电流与交叉极化电流产生抵消作用，从而降低了天线的交叉极化，极化纯度提升，具体可以如图6f所示。图6c和图6e中所示天线在工作于谐振模式时的方向图可以如图7所示，f1表示图6c中天线的方向图，f2表示图6e中天线的方向图，可以明显的看到天线的交叉极化降低。Figures 6a to 6d are schematic diagrams of the feed point on the radiator in the three antenna structures and the current distribution when operating in the resonant mode. When the feed position of the antenna structure is in a symmetrical position, the cross-polarization is relatively low and the polarization purity is relatively high. At this time, the antenna current distribution in the working and resonant modes has good consistency. As shown in Figure 6a, a feed point is set at a symmetrical position of the radiator 10. As shown in Figure 6b, the current is distributed along the +y direction (a1 direction) and there is no x-direction current. At this time, the antenna has very good polarization purity. . However, in the terminal equipment environment, it is often difficult to set the feeding position of the antenna at such an ideal position. For example, as shown in Figure 6c, a feeding point is set at the corner of the radiator 10, and the feeding position is offset along the +x direction. As shown in Figure 6d, the shift in the feed position causes the antenna to operate in the resonant mode. The current distribution produces a current component extending in the +x direction (a2 direction). The a2 direction represents the cross-polarization current, resulting in cross-polarization. As the value increases, the polarization purity decreases. As shown in Figure 6e, the trapezoidal radiator 10 By setting the feed point at the corner of the trapezoidal radiator, the polarization can be reduced. When the trapezoidal radiator 10 is operating in the resonance mode, the hypotenuse of the radiator 10 changes the direction of the current and introduces reverse crossover. The distribution of polarization current (current in the a3 direction) offsets the cross-polarization current, thereby reducing the cross-polarization of the antenna and improving the polarization purity, as shown in Figure 6f. The pattern of the antenna shown in Figure 6c and Figure 6e when working in the resonant mode can be shown in Figure 7. f1 represents the pattern of the antenna in Figure 6c, and f2 represents the pattern of the antenna in Figure 6e. It can be clearly seen that The cross-polarization of the antenna is reduced.
本申请实施例提供一种电子设备，包括上述实施例中所述的天线结构，具有上述实施例中所述的天线结构的电子设备，具有高定向性的方向图性能，定位精确度高。Embodiments of the present application provide an electronic device, including the antenna structure described in the above embodiment. The electronic device having the antenna structure described in the above embodiment has highly directional pattern performance and high positioning accuracy.
在一些实施例中，如图1至图2e、图8a至图8d所示，电子设备还可以包括：框体40、支架41与主板42，支架41可以设置于框体40上，框体40可以为金属件，参考地板20可以设置于支架41的一侧，辐射体10可以设置于支架41的另一侧，支架41可以固定安装参考地板20与辐射体10，主板42可以设置于参考地板20的远离主板42的一侧，馈电结构13可以设置于主板42上。可以在参考地板20上设置通孔21，馈电结构13的部分可以穿过通孔21与辐射体10电连接，使得馈电结构13可以为辐射体10馈电。馈电结构13可以包括导电弹片14，导电弹片14可以穿过通孔21与辐射体10电连接，导电弹片14与参考地板20之间可以绝缘。In some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 2e and 8a to 8d , the electronic device may also include: a frame 40 , a bracket 41 and a motherboard 42 . The bracket 41 may be disposed on the frame 40 . The frame 40 It can be a metal part. The reference floor 20 can be set on one side of the bracket 41. The radiator 10 can be set on the other side of the bracket 41. The bracket 41 can fix the reference floor 20 and the radiator 10. The main board 42 can be set on the reference floor. On the side of 20 away from the main board 42 , the feed structure 13 may be disposed on the main board 42 . A through hole 21 can be provided on the reference floor 20 , and a portion of the feed structure 13 can be electrically connected to the radiator 10 through the through hole 21 , so that the feed structure 13 can feed the radiator 10 . The feed structure 13 may include a conductive elastic piece 14 , the conductive elastic piece 14 may be electrically connected to the radiator 10 through the through hole 21 , and the conductive elastic piece 14 may be insulated from the reference floor 20 .
在另一些实施例中，如图1与图2c所示，电子设备还可以包括：屏蔽罩43，屏蔽罩43可以设置于主板42的靠近参考地板20的一侧，通过屏蔽罩43可以保护主板42上的器件，防止受到外部信号的干扰。屏蔽罩43与参考地板20之间可以间隔，可以根据设备的具体结构选择合适的间隔间距。In other embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2C , the electronic device may further include: a shielding cover 43 . The shielding cover 43 may be disposed on a side of the mainboard 42 close to the reference floor 20 , and the mainboard may be protected by the shielding cover 43 . 42 devices to prevent interference from external signals. The shielding cover 43 and the reference floor 20 can be spaced apart, and an appropriate spacing can be selected according to the specific structure of the equipment.
在本申请的实施例中，如图1所示，电子设备还可以包括：显示屏44与盖体45，盖体45可以为电池盖，显示屏44与盖体45可以设置于框体40上，显示屏44可以设置于框体40的一侧，盖体45可以设置于框体40的另一侧，支架41与主板42可以位于显示屏44与盖体45之间。 In the embodiment of the present application, as shown in Figure 1, the electronic device may also include: a display screen 44 and a cover 45. The cover 45 may be a battery cover, and the display screen 44 and the cover 45 may be disposed on the frame 40. , the display screen 44 can be disposed on one side of the frame 40 , the cover 45 can be disposed on the other side of the frame 40 , and the bracket 41 and the main board 42 can be located between the display screen 44 and the cover 45 .
上面结合附图对本申请的实施例进行了描述，但是本申请并不局限于上述的具体实施方式，上述的具体实施方式仅仅是示意性的，而不是限制性的，本领域的普通技术人员在本申请的启示下，在不脱离本申请宗旨和权利要求所保护的范围情况下，还可做出很多形式，均属于本申请的保护之内。 The embodiments of the present application have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, the present application is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementations. The above-mentioned specific implementations are only illustrative and not restrictive. Those of ordinary skill in the art will Inspired by this application, many forms can be made without departing from the purpose of this application and the scope protected by the claims, all of which fall within the protection of this application.

Claims (12)

  1. 一种天线结构，包括：An antenna structure including:
    至少一个辐射体，至少一个所述辐射体的相对两侧边沿中的一侧边沿上设有槽缝且所述辐射体的相对两侧边沿分布的电流的相位不同；At least one radiator, one edge of the opposite sides of the at least one radiator is provided with a slot, and the phases of the currents distributed on the opposite sides of the radiator are different;
    参考地板，所述辐射体与所述参考地板层叠间隔设置；A reference floor, the radiator is stacked and spaced apart from the reference floor;
    馈电结构，所述馈电结构用于为所述辐射体馈电。A feed structure, the feed structure is used to feed the radiator.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的天线结构，其中，至少一个所述辐射体为矩形，至少一个矩形的辐射体的一侧边沿设有所述槽缝。The antenna structure according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the radiators is rectangular, and the slot is provided on one edge of at least one rectangular radiator.
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的天线结构，其中，所述槽缝从所述辐射体的边沿向所述辐射体的内部延伸。The antenna structure according to claim 1, wherein the slot extends from an edge of the radiator to an interior of the radiator.
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的天线结构，其中，至少一个所述辐射体为梯形，至少一个所述辐射体的上底边沿或下底边沿设有所述槽缝。The antenna structure according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the radiators is trapezoidal, and the slot is provided on an upper bottom edge or a lower bottom edge of at least one of the radiators.
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的天线结构，其中，包括：The antenna structure according to claim 1, comprising:
    枝节，所述枝节与至少一个所述辐射体耦合，至少一个所述辐射体的角部区域的外周设有所述枝节。The branches are coupled to at least one of the radiators, and the branches are provided on the outer periphery of the corner area of at least one of the radiators.
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的天线结构，其中，至少一个所述辐射体为矩形，至少一个所述辐射体的馈电点位于辐射体的角部区域，所述馈电结构与所述馈电点电连接，所述枝节围绕所述馈电点所在的角部区域的外周设置；和/或The antenna structure according to claim 5, wherein at least one of the radiators is rectangular, a feed point of at least one of the radiators is located in a corner area of the radiator, and the feed structure and the feed point are Electrical connection, the branches are arranged around the periphery of the corner area where the feed point is located; and/or
    所述枝节围绕与所述馈电点所在的角部区域相对的角部区域的外周设置。The branches are arranged around the outer periphery of the corner area opposite to the corner area where the feed point is located.
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的天线结构，其中，至少一个所述辐射体为直角梯形，所述馈电结构与所述辐射体的馈电点电连接，至少一个所述辐射体的馈电点位于靠近辐射体上底的直角角部区域或者靠近辐射体下底的锐角角部区域；The antenna structure according to claim 5, wherein at least one of the radiators is a right-angled trapezoid, the feed structure is electrically connected to a feed point of the radiator, and the feed point of at least one of the radiators is located The right-angled corner area near the upper bottom of the radiator or the acute-angled corner area near the lower bottom of the radiator;
    所述直角角部区域与所述锐角角部区域中的至少一个角部区域的外周设有所述枝节。The branches are provided on the outer periphery of at least one of the right-angled corner region and the acute-angled corner region.
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的天线结构，其中，至少一个所述辐射体的上底 边沿或下底边沿设有所述槽缝。The antenna structure according to claim 7, wherein the upper bottom of at least one of the radiators The edge or lower bottom edge is provided with the slot.
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的天线结构，其中，所述辐射体具有三个，两个所述辐射体在第一区域沿所述第一区域的长度方向间隔设置，两个所述辐射体在第二区域沿所述第二区域的长度方向间隔设置，所述第一区域与所述第二区域垂直交叠，所述第一区域与所述第二区域在交叠区域的辐射体为同一个辐射体。The antenna structure according to claim 1, wherein there are three radiators, two of the radiators are spaced apart in the first area along the length direction of the first area, and the two radiators are in the first area. Two regions are spaced apart along the length direction of the second region, the first region and the second region vertically overlap, and the radiators in the overlapping region of the first region and the second region are the same. radiator.
  10. 一种电子设备，包括权利要求1-9中任一项所述的天线结构。An electronic device including the antenna structure according to any one of claims 1-9.
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的电子设备，其中，还包括：The electronic device according to claim 10, further comprising:
    框体；framework;
    支架，所述支架设置于所述框体上，所述参考地板设置于所述支架的一侧，所述辐射体设置于所述支架的另一侧；A bracket, the bracket is arranged on the frame, the reference floor is arranged on one side of the bracket, and the radiator is arranged on the other side of the bracket;
    主板，所述主板设置于所述参考地板的远离所述主板的一侧，所述馈电结构设置于所述主板上。A mainboard is provided on a side of the reference floor away from the mainboard, and the feed structure is provided on the mainboard.
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的电子设备，其中，还包括：The electronic device according to claim 11, further comprising:
    屏蔽罩，所述屏蔽罩设置于所述主板的靠近所述参考地板的一侧。 A shielding cover is provided on a side of the main board close to the reference floor.
PCT/CN2023/085116 2022-04-01 2023-03-30 Antenna structure and electronic device WO2023186019A1 (en)

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