WO2023184854A1 - Hydraulic cylinder and working machine - Google Patents

Hydraulic cylinder and working machine Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023184854A1
WO2023184854A1 PCT/CN2022/116421 CN2022116421W WO2023184854A1 WO 2023184854 A1 WO2023184854 A1 WO 2023184854A1 CN 2022116421 W CN2022116421 W CN 2022116421W WO 2023184854 A1 WO2023184854 A1 WO 2023184854A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
piston
guide member
guide
hydraulic cylinder
piston rod
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/116421
Other languages
French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
刘录锋
钟显明
Original Assignee
娄底市中兴液压件有限公司
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Application filed by 娄底市中兴液压件有限公司 filed Critical 娄底市中兴液压件有限公司
Publication of WO2023184854A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023184854A1/en

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00—Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/20—Other details, e.g. assembly with regulating devices
    • F15B15/22—Other details, e.g. assembly with regulating devices for accelerating or decelerating the stroke
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00—Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/08—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit
    • F15B15/14—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit of the straight-cylinder type

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of hydraulic components, and in particular to a hydraulic cylinder and working machinery.
  • a hydraulic cylinder is a hydraulic actuator that converts hydraulic energy into mechanical energy and performs linear reciprocating motion.
  • the piston may collide with the cover, causing the hydraulic cylinder to produce greater noise and vibration, leading to damage to the hydraulic cylinder.
  • the present application provides a hydraulic cylinder and a working machine to solve the problem in the prior art that the piston easily collides with the cylinder head, and achieves the effect of buffering the piston and preventing the piston from colliding with the cylinder head.
  • This application provides a hydraulic cylinder, including a cylinder body, a piston, a piston rod and a primary buffer structure;
  • the primary buffer structure includes:
  • a guide member is slidably provided on the cylinder and is slidably sleeved on the piston rod.
  • One end of the guide member close to the piston can offset the piston.
  • the guide member is provided with a buffer slope. And along the end of the piston rod close to the piston to the end far away from the piston, the buffer slope gradually slopes toward the direction close to the piston rod;
  • a slide block is slidably connected to the cylinder body along the radial direction of the cylinder block, and the slide block offsets the buffer slope;
  • the first elastic member is connected to the cylinder and the slider respectively, and the first elastic member is used to drive the slider in a direction close to the guide member.
  • a hydraulic cylinder provided by this application, it also includes a secondary buffer structure, the secondary buffer structure includes a second elastic member;
  • the second elastic member is disposed inside the cylinder, and the first end of the second elastic member is connected to the cylinder, and the second end of the second elastic member can be connected to the guide member In contrast, the second elastic member is used to drive the guide member toward an end of the guide member close to the piston.
  • a hydraulic cylinder provided according to the present application also includes a sliding member and a positioning structure
  • the sliding member is sleeved between the guide member and the piston rod, and slides with the guide member and the piston rod respectively;
  • the positioning structure is connected to one end of the guide member close to the piston.
  • the positioning structure is sleeved on the piston rod with a gap between them.
  • the positioning structure and the sliding member are close to the piston. One end can switch between offset and spacing states.
  • the outer circumferential surface of one end of the sliding member close to the piston is provided with an annular flange, and the guide member is provided with an annular groove for the annular flange to be inserted.
  • the annular flange is provided with a pressure relief hole extending through the axial direction of the sliding member
  • the pressure relief hole is disposed opposite to the gap between the sliding member and the guide member.
  • a hydraulic cylinder provided according to the present application also includes a second elastic member
  • the second elastic member is disposed inside the cylinder, and the first end of the second elastic member is connected to the cylinder, and the second end of the second elastic member can be connected to the guide member Connected, the second elastic member is used to drive the guide member toward an end of the guide member close to the piston.
  • the guide member includes a guide sleeve that is sleeved on the piston rod and a slip ring that is sleeved on the guide sleeve, and the buffering slope is provided on the slip ring;
  • the guide sleeve is provided with a shoulder, and the shoulder is against an end of the slip ring close to the piston.
  • a hydraulic cylinder provided by this application, it also includes a guide rod connected to the cylinder body, and the first elastic member and the slider are both sleeved on the guide rod;
  • the slide ring is provided with a wedge block, and the inclined surface of the wedge block is set as the buffer slope.
  • the wedge block is provided with a slide groove for the guide rod to extend into, and the slide groove is along the length of the piston rod. Axial extension.
  • sliding seals are provided between the sliding member and the piston rod, between the sliding member and the guide member, and between the guide member and the cylinder body. structure.
  • the positioning structure includes a buffer pad and a fixed sleeve, the fixed sleeve is threadedly engaged with the guide member, and the buffer pad is disposed between the fixed sleeve and the sliding member. , and the buffer pad is connected to the fixed sleeve;
  • the sliding member includes a free piston and a spacer sleeve, the free piston is disposed at one end close to the piston, and the spacer sleeve is disposed at an end far away from the piston.
  • This application also provides a working machine, including the hydraulic cylinder as described above.
  • the hydraulic cylinder provided by this application is provided with a first-level buffer structure.
  • the piston When the piston rod extends, the piston can offset the guide member, and the piston drives the guide member to move synchronously.
  • the buffer slope of the guide interacts with the slider, and the buffer slope drives the slider to move in a direction away from the piston rod and compresses the first elastic member.
  • the slider Under the action of the first elastic member, the slider provides resistance to the guide member, thereby slowing down the speed of the piston, thereby avoiding vibration and noise caused by the collision between the piston and the cylinder, thereby preventing damage to the hydraulic cylinder and extending the service life of the hydraulic cylinder.
  • the working machine provided by this application includes the above-mentioned hydraulic cylinder, it also includes all the above-mentioned advantages of the hydraulic cylinder.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a hydraulic cylinder provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is a partial enlarged view of I in Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a partial enlarged view of II in Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the installation state of the slider and the first elastic member provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of slip rings and wedge blocks provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the hydraulic cylinder includes a cylinder body, a piston 5, a piston rod 6 and a primary buffer structure.
  • the primary buffer structure includes a guide member, a slider 8 and a first elastic member 9 .
  • the cylinder may include a cylinder barrel 1, a connecting piece 2, an end cover 3 and a gland 4.
  • the cylinder barrel 1, the connecting piece 2, the end cap 3 and the gland 4 are connected in sequence from top to bottom, and any adjacent two can be connected through threaded fasteners.
  • an oil port with a rod cavity can be provided on the connecting piece 2 .
  • the piston 5 is slidably installed in the cylinder. Specifically, the piston 5 is slidably disposed inside the cylinder 1 . A sliding sealing structure is provided between the piston 5 and the cylinder 1 .
  • the first end of the piston rod 6 is connected to the piston 5, and the second end of the piston rod 6 extends from the cylinder. Specifically, the second end of the piston rod 6 passes through the connecting piece 2, the end cover 3 and the gland 4 in sequence and extends out.
  • the guide member is slidably disposed inside the cylinder, and the guide member is slidably sleeved on the outside of the piston rod 6 .
  • One end of the guide member close to the piston 5 can offset the piston 5 .
  • the guide member is provided with a buffering slope 7, and the buffering slope 7 gradually inclines toward the direction of the piston rod 6 from one end of the piston rod 6 close to the piston to an end far away from the piston.
  • the slider 8 is slidably connected to the cylinder along the radial direction of the cylinder, and the slider 8 resists the buffer slope 7 .
  • the end cover 3 is provided with a hole shoulder 27 and a limiting sleeve 26, wherein there is a gap between the limiting sleeve 26 and the hole shoulder 27, and the slider 8 is slidably disposed between the hole shoulder 27 and the limiting sleeve 26.
  • one end of the limit sleeve 26 is against the connector 2, and the other end is against the convex structure on the inner wall of the end cover 3, that is, the limit sleeve 26 is pressed and fixed by the end cover 3 and the connector 2, so that the limit sleeve 26 is pressed and fixed. 26 and the hole shoulder 27 form a space for the slider 8 to slide.
  • the first elastic member 9 is connected to the cylinder and the slider 8 respectively, and is used to drive the slider 8 toward the guide member.
  • the first elastic member 9 may be configured as a spring.
  • the hydraulic cylinder provided in the embodiment of the present application has a first-level buffer structure.
  • the piston 5 can offset the guide member, and the piston 5 drives the guide member to synchronously displace.
  • the buffering slope 7 of the guide member interacts with the slider 8.
  • the buffering slope 7 drives the slider 8 to move away from the piston rod 6 and compresses the first elastic member 9.
  • the slider 8 provides resistance to the guide member, thereby slowing down the speed of the piston 5, thereby preventing the piston 5 from colliding with the cylinder to produce vibration and noise, thereby preventing damage to the hydraulic cylinder and prolonging the service life of the hydraulic cylinder. service life.
  • the angle between the buffering slope 7 and the extension direction of the piston rod 6 is less than 45°.
  • sliders 8 and first elastic members 9 there are multiple sliders 8 and first elastic members 9, and they correspond one to one.
  • a plurality of slide blocks 8 are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the guide member.
  • Such an arrangement can improve the buffering and deceleration effect on the piston 5 and make the piston 5 receive a uniform force.
  • the outer surface of the guide member is provided with a shoulder 16 .
  • the cylinder body is provided with a positioning surface for abutting against one end of the shaft shoulder 16 close to the piston 5 .
  • the positioning surface may be provided as an end surface of one end of the connecting member 2 close to the end cover 3 .
  • the guide member includes a guide sleeve 14 that is sleeved on the piston rod 6 and a slip ring 15 that is sleeved on the guide sleeve 14 .
  • the buffer slope 7 is provided on the slider 8 .
  • the guide sleeve 14 can offset the piston 5 .
  • the shoulder 16 is provided on the guide sleeve 14 , and one end of the slip ring 15 close to the piston 5 is against the shoulder 16 .
  • the piston rod 6 can be guided by providing the guide sleeve 14 .
  • the piston 5 resists the guide sleeve 14 and pushes the guide sleeve 14 to move.
  • the shoulder 16 of the guide sleeve 14 pushes the slide ring 15 to move, so that the buffer slope 7 of the slide ring 15 drives the slide block 8 Compress the first elastic member 9 .
  • the first elastic member 9 recovers its deformation and drives the slider 8 to move.
  • the slider 8 pushes the slip ring 15 to move, and the slip ring 15 pushes the shoulder 16 to offset the connector 2 .
  • the hydraulic cylinder also includes a wire sleeve 24 .
  • the wire sleeve 24 is sleeved on the guide sleeve 14 and offsets the end of the slip ring 15 away from the piston 5 .
  • the slip ring 15 can always be displaced synchronously with the guide sleeve 14.
  • the hydraulic cylinder also includes a secondary buffer structure, and the secondary buffer structure includes the second elastic member 13 .
  • the second elastic member 13 is disposed inside the cylinder, and the first end of the second elastic member 13 is connected to the cylinder.
  • the second end of the second elastic member 13 can offset the guide member.
  • the second elastic member 13 is used for The guide is driven towards the end of the guide close to the piston 5 .
  • the piston 5 can be buffered simultaneously under the joint action of the primary buffer structure and the secondary buffer structure. Effectively bear greater impact force, thereby causing the piston 5 to stop moving.
  • the hydraulic cylinder further includes a sliding member and a positioning structure.
  • the sliding part is sleeved between the guide part and the piston rod 6, and slides with the guide part and the piston rod 6 respectively. Specifically, the sliding member is inserted between the guide sleeve 14 and the piston rod 6 , and the guide sleeve 14 guides the piston rod 6 through the sliding member.
  • the positioning structure is connected to one end of the guide member close to the piston 5 .
  • the positioning structure is connected to one end of the guide sleeve 14 close to the piston 5 .
  • the positioning structure is sleeved on the piston rod 6 , and there is a gap between the positioning structure and the piston rod 6 .
  • the positioning structure and the end of the sliding member close to the piston 5 can switch between the offset state and the spacing state.
  • the working principle includes: when the piston rod 6 extends and the piston 5 does not offset the guide sleeve 14, the high-pressure hydraulic oil in the rod cavity enters from the gap between the positioning structure and the piston rod 6. between the positioning structure and the sliding member. At this time, the sliding member can be driven by the hydraulic oil to offset the gland 4 or the second elastic member 13 of the cylinder, and the sliding member and the positioning structure are in a spaced state.
  • the positioning structure moves toward the sliding part, so that the distance between the sliding part and the positioning structure is reduced.
  • the hydraulic oil between the sliding part and the positioning structure is squeezed from The gap between the positioning structure and the piston rod 6 enters the rod cavity, and the hydraulic oil acts on the piston 5 to buffer the piston 5 .
  • the positioning structure runs until the distance between the positioning structure and the sliding member is zero, the positioning structure and the sliding member are in an offset state. At this time, since the end of the sliding member away from the piston 5 offsets the cylinder or the second elastic member 13, the positioning structure is in It stops under the restriction of the sliding member, and the piston 5 stops at the same time.
  • the hydraulic oil between the positioning structure and the sliding part can be used to play a flexible buffering role on the piston 5.
  • it can effectively prevent the slider 8 and the buffering slope 7 from responding too quickly when the momentum of the piston 5 is too large.
  • it can prevent the piston 5 from making an emergency stop due to excessive buffering caused by the interaction between the slider 8 and the buffering slope 7, causing a rigid impact in the cylinder barrel 1 and causing the cylinder to lose its buffering significance.
  • the positioning structure and the sliding member when the positioning structure and the sliding member are in a state of collision, the end of the sliding member away from the piston protrudes from the end of the guide member away from the piston.
  • the positioning structure and the sliding part can be offset during the extension of the piston rod, so that the hydraulic oil between the positioning structure and the sliding part can be completely discharged, thereby forming a better buffering effect on the piston.
  • the sliding member can offset the secondary buffer structure, that is, in this case, the guide member communicates with the second elastic member through the sliding member.
  • Pieces 13 offset.
  • the sliding member can offset the cylinder body, that is, the guide member offsets the cylinder body through the sliding member.
  • the second elastic member 13 is configured as a disc spring.
  • the gland 4 is provided with an installation groove for installing a butterfly spring.
  • the positioning structure includes a cushion pad 19 and a fixed sleeve 20 .
  • the fixed sleeve 20 is threaded with the guide member.
  • one end of the guide sleeve 14 close to the piston 5 is provided with internal threads, and the outer wall of the fixed sleeve 20 is provided with external threads that match the internal threads.
  • the fixed sleeve 20 is screwed inside the end of the guide sleeve 14 close to the piston 5 .
  • the cushion pad 19 is disposed between the fixed sleeve 20 and the sliding member, and the cushion pad 19 is connected to the fixed sleeve 20 .
  • the cushion pad 19 can be connected to the fixing sleeve 20 through threaded fasteners.
  • the positioning structure needs to often conflict with the sliding parts, the stress situation is relatively complicated.
  • the buffer pad 19 is used as a part that cooperates with the sliding parts
  • the fixed sleeve 20 is used as a guide part.
  • different materials can be used for the cushion pad 19 and the fixed sleeve 20 to better meet the use needs.
  • easily damaged parts can be replaced in a targeted manner without replacement. All parts.
  • the outer circumferential surface of one end of the sliding member close to the piston 5 is provided with an annular flange 10, and the guide member is provided with an annular flange 10 for insertion. slot 11.
  • the contact area between the sliding member and the positioning structure can be increased, thereby improving the stress between the positioning structure and the annular flange 10, thereby reducing the occurrence of damage to the positioning structure and the annular flange 10.
  • the annular flange 10 is provided with a pressure relief hole 12 that is provided through the axial direction of the sliding member.
  • the pressure relief hole 12 is provided opposite to the gap between the slider and the guide.
  • the hydraulic oil between the annular flange 10 and the side wall of the annular groove 11 can be quickly discharged from the pressure relief hole 12 to avoid the annular flange
  • the hydraulic oil between 10 and the side wall of the annular groove 11 hinders the movement of the sliding member.
  • the hydraulic cylinder further includes a buffer ring 23 .
  • the buffer ring 23 is connected to one end of the positioning structure close to the piston 5 . That is, the positioning structure offsets the piston 5 through the buffer ring 23 .
  • the buffer ring 23 can be connected to the guide sleeve 14 through threaded fasteners, and the buffer ring 23 offsets the fixed sleeve 20 . There is a gap between the buffer ring 23 and the piston rod 6 .
  • the buffer ring 23 by providing the buffer ring 23 , on the one hand, it is convenient for the guide member to offset the piston 5 through the buffer ring 23 .
  • the hydraulic oil between the sliding part and the positioning structure needs to pass through the gap between the positioning structure and the piston rod 6 and the gap between the buffer ring 23 and the piston. After the gap between the rods 6, it enters the rod cavity, which extends the running path of the hydraulic oil, increases the discharge resistance of the hydraulic oil between the positioning structure and the sliding part, thereby improving the buffering effect on the piston 5.
  • the hydraulic cylinder further includes a guide rod 17 connected to the cylinder body.
  • the first elastic member 9 and the slider 8 are both sleeved on the guide rod 17 .
  • the first elastic member 9 and the slider 8 can be prevented from shifting and moving.
  • the slip ring 15 is provided with a wedge block 18 , the inclined surface of the wedge block 18 is set as a buffer slope 7 , and the wedge block 18 is provided with a slide groove 25 for the guide rod 17 to extend into, and the slide groove 25 extends along the axial direction of the piston rod 6 .
  • the number of wedge blocks 18 is set to be multiple and corresponds to the slide blocks 8 one-to-one.
  • sliding seal structures are provided between the sliding member and the piston rod 6 , between the sliding member and the guide member, and between the guide member and the cylinder.
  • the sliding member includes a free piston 21 and a spacer 22 .
  • the free piston 21 is disposed near one end of the piston.
  • the free piston 21 is used to counteract the positioning structure.
  • the spacer 22 is arranged at one end away from the piston.
  • spacer 22 is used to offset the cylinder.
  • the free piston 21 and the piston rod 6 are set to a matching size, and the sliding sealing structure is provided between the free piston 21 and the piston rod 6 .
  • the spacer sleeve 22 may not be set to a matching size with the piston rod 6. For example, there is a gap between the spacer sleeve 22 and the piston rod 6, and the spacer sleeve 22 is only used for force transmission.
  • This application also provides a working machine.
  • the work machine includes the hydraulic cylinder as described above.
  • a working machine that includes a hydraulic cylinder also includes all the advantages of a hydraulic cylinder, which will not be described again here.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
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Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of hydraulic elements, and provides a hydraulic cylinder and a working machine. The hydraulic cylinder comprises a cylinder body, a piston, a piston rod and a primary buffer structure. The primary buffer structure comprises: a guide member, slidably disposed on the cylinder body and slidably fitted over the piston rod, the end of the guide member close to the piston abutting against the piston, a buffer inclined surface being provided on the guide member, and from the end of the piston rod close to the piston to the end away from the piston, the buffer inclined surface gradually inclining towards the piston rod; a sliding block, slidably connected to the cylinder body in a radial direction of the cylinder body, the sliding block abutting against the buffer inclined surface; and a first elastic member, respectively connected to the cylinder body and the sliding block, the first elastic member being used for driving the sliding block towards the direction of the guide member. Under the action of the primary buffer structure, the sliding block provides resistance for the guide member, so that the speed of the piston is reduced, the piston and the cylinder body are prevented from being impacted to generate vibration and noise, and thus the hydraulic cylinder is prevented from being damaged.

Description

液压缸及作业机械Hydraulic cylinders and operating machinery
相关申请的交叉引用Cross-references to related applications
本申请要求于2022年03月30日提交的申请号为202210332028.X，名称为“液压缸及作业机械”的中国专利申请的优先权，其通过引用方式全部并入本文。This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application titled "Hydraulic Cylinder and Working Machinery" with application number 202210332028.
技术领域Technical field
本申请涉及液压元件技术领域，尤其涉及一种液压缸及作业机械。The present application relates to the technical field of hydraulic components, and in particular to a hydraulic cylinder and working machinery.
背景技术Background technique
液压缸是将液压能转变为机械能的、做直线往复运动的液压执行元件。当活塞随活塞杆运动到缸筒行程末端时，活塞可能会与封盖发生碰撞，造成液压缸产生较大的噪音和振动，导致液压缸损坏A hydraulic cylinder is a hydraulic actuator that converts hydraulic energy into mechanical energy and performs linear reciprocating motion. When the piston moves with the piston rod to the end of the cylinder stroke, the piston may collide with the cover, causing the hydraulic cylinder to produce greater noise and vibration, leading to damage to the hydraulic cylinder.
因此，如何解决活塞容易与缸盖发生碰撞是本领域技术人员所亟需解决的技术问题。Therefore, how to solve the problem that the piston easily collides with the cylinder head is an urgent technical problem that those skilled in the art need to solve.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本申请提供一种液压缸及作业机械，用以解决现有技术中活塞容易与缸盖发生碰撞的缺陷，实现对活塞进行缓冲，防止活塞与缸盖碰撞的效果。The present application provides a hydraulic cylinder and a working machine to solve the problem in the prior art that the piston easily collides with the cylinder head, and achieves the effect of buffering the piston and preventing the piston from colliding with the cylinder head.
本申请提供一种液压缸，包括缸体、活塞、活塞杆及一级缓冲结构；所述一级缓冲结构包括：This application provides a hydraulic cylinder, including a cylinder body, a piston, a piston rod and a primary buffer structure; the primary buffer structure includes:
导向件，可滑动地设置于所述缸体，并可滑动地套装于所述活塞杆，所述导向件靠近所述活塞的一端能够与所述活塞相抵，所述导向件设有缓冲斜面，且沿所述活塞杆靠近活塞的一端至远离活塞的一端，所述缓冲斜面逐渐向靠近所述活塞杆的方向倾斜；A guide member is slidably provided on the cylinder and is slidably sleeved on the piston rod. One end of the guide member close to the piston can offset the piston. The guide member is provided with a buffer slope. And along the end of the piston rod close to the piston to the end far away from the piston, the buffer slope gradually slopes toward the direction close to the piston rod;
滑块，沿所述缸体的径向可滑动地与所述缸体相连接，并且所述滑块与所述缓冲斜面相抵；A slide block is slidably connected to the cylinder body along the radial direction of the cylinder block, and the slide block offsets the buffer slope;
第一弹性件，分别与所述缸体和所述滑块相连接，所述第一弹性件用于向靠近所述导向件的方向驱动所述滑块。The first elastic member is connected to the cylinder and the slider respectively, and the first elastic member is used to drive the slider in a direction close to the guide member.
根据本申请提供的一种液压缸，还包括二级缓冲结构，所述二级缓冲 结构包括第二弹性件；According to a hydraulic cylinder provided by this application, it also includes a secondary buffer structure, the secondary buffer structure includes a second elastic member;
所述第二弹性件设置于所述缸体之内，并且所述第二弹性件的第一端与所述缸体相连接，所述第二弹性件的第二端能够与所述导向件相抵，所述第二弹性件用于向所述导向件靠近所述活塞的一端驱动所述导向件。The second elastic member is disposed inside the cylinder, and the first end of the second elastic member is connected to the cylinder, and the second end of the second elastic member can be connected to the guide member In contrast, the second elastic member is used to drive the guide member toward an end of the guide member close to the piston.
根据本申请提供的一种液压缸，还包括滑动件和定位结构；A hydraulic cylinder provided according to the present application also includes a sliding member and a positioning structure;
所述滑动件套装于所述导向件和所述活塞杆之间，且分别与所述导向件和所述活塞杆滑动配合；The sliding member is sleeved between the guide member and the piston rod, and slides with the guide member and the piston rod respectively;
所述定位结构与所述导向件靠近所述活塞的一端相连接，所述定位结构套装于所述活塞杆且二者之间具有间隙，所述定位结构与所述滑动件靠近所述活塞的一端能够在相抵状态和间隔状态之间切换。The positioning structure is connected to one end of the guide member close to the piston. The positioning structure is sleeved on the piston rod with a gap between them. The positioning structure and the sliding member are close to the piston. One end can switch between offset and spacing states.
根据本申请提供的一种液压缸，所述滑动件靠近所述活塞的一端的外圆周面设有环形凸缘，所述导向件设有供所述环形凸缘置入的环形槽。According to a hydraulic cylinder provided in this application, the outer circumferential surface of one end of the sliding member close to the piston is provided with an annular flange, and the guide member is provided with an annular groove for the annular flange to be inserted.
根据本申请提供的一种液压缸，所述环形凸缘设有沿所述滑动件的轴向贯通设置的泄压孔；According to a hydraulic cylinder provided by this application, the annular flange is provided with a pressure relief hole extending through the axial direction of the sliding member;
所述泄压孔设置为与所述滑动件和所述导向件之间的间隙相对。The pressure relief hole is disposed opposite to the gap between the sliding member and the guide member.
根据本申请提供的一种液压缸，还包括第二弹性件；A hydraulic cylinder provided according to the present application also includes a second elastic member;
所述第二弹性件设置于所述缸体之内，并且所述第二弹性件的第一端与所述缸体相连接，所述第二弹性件的第二端能够与所述导向件相连接，所述第二弹性件用于向所述导向件靠近所述活塞的一端驱动所述导向件。The second elastic member is disposed inside the cylinder, and the first end of the second elastic member is connected to the cylinder, and the second end of the second elastic member can be connected to the guide member Connected, the second elastic member is used to drive the guide member toward an end of the guide member close to the piston.
根据本申请提供的一种液压缸，所述导向件包括套装于所述活塞杆的导向套和套装于所述导向套的滑环，所述缓冲斜面设置于所述滑环；According to a hydraulic cylinder provided by this application, the guide member includes a guide sleeve that is sleeved on the piston rod and a slip ring that is sleeved on the guide sleeve, and the buffering slope is provided on the slip ring;
所述导向套设置有轴肩，所述轴肩与所述滑环靠近所述活塞的一端相抵。The guide sleeve is provided with a shoulder, and the shoulder is against an end of the slip ring close to the piston.
根据本申请提供的一种液压缸，还包括与所述缸体相连接的导向杆，所述第一弹性件和所述滑块均套装于所述导向杆；According to a hydraulic cylinder provided by this application, it also includes a guide rod connected to the cylinder body, and the first elastic member and the slider are both sleeved on the guide rod;
所述滑环设有楔形块，所述楔形块的倾斜面设置为所述缓冲斜面，所述楔形块设有供所述导向杆伸入的滑槽，所述滑槽沿所述活塞杆的轴向延伸。The slide ring is provided with a wedge block, and the inclined surface of the wedge block is set as the buffer slope. The wedge block is provided with a slide groove for the guide rod to extend into, and the slide groove is along the length of the piston rod. Axial extension.
根据本申请提供的一种液压缸，所述滑动件与所述活塞杆之间、所述滑动件与所述导向件之间以及所述导向件与所述缸体之间均设有滑动密 封结构。According to a hydraulic cylinder provided by the present application, sliding seals are provided between the sliding member and the piston rod, between the sliding member and the guide member, and between the guide member and the cylinder body. structure.
根据本申请提供的一种液压缸，所述定位结构包括缓冲垫和固定套，所述固定套与所述导向件螺纹配合，所述缓冲垫设置于所述固定套与所述滑动件之间，并且所述缓冲垫与所述固定套相连接；According to a hydraulic cylinder provided by the present application, the positioning structure includes a buffer pad and a fixed sleeve, the fixed sleeve is threadedly engaged with the guide member, and the buffer pad is disposed between the fixed sleeve and the sliding member. , and the buffer pad is connected to the fixed sleeve;
和/或，所述滑动件包括自由活塞和隔套，所述自由活塞设置于靠近所述活塞的一端，所述隔套设置于远离所述活塞的一端。And/or, the sliding member includes a free piston and a spacer sleeve, the free piston is disposed at one end close to the piston, and the spacer sleeve is disposed at an end far away from the piston.
本申请还提供一种作业机械，包括如上所述的液压缸。This application also provides a working machine, including the hydraulic cylinder as described above.
本申请提供的液压缸，通过设置一级缓冲结构，在活塞杆伸出的过程中，活塞能够与导向件相抵，活塞驱动导向件同步位移。导向件移动的过程中，导向件的缓冲斜面与滑块相互作用，缓冲斜面驱动滑块向远离活塞杆的方向运动，并压缩第一弹性件。在第一弹性件的作用下，滑块为导向件提供阻力，从而减缓活塞的速度，进而避免活塞与缸体发生撞击产生振动和噪音，以防止液压缸损坏，延长液压缸的使用寿命。The hydraulic cylinder provided by this application is provided with a first-level buffer structure. When the piston rod extends, the piston can offset the guide member, and the piston drives the guide member to move synchronously. During the movement of the guide member, the buffer slope of the guide interacts with the slider, and the buffer slope drives the slider to move in a direction away from the piston rod and compresses the first elastic member. Under the action of the first elastic member, the slider provides resistance to the guide member, thereby slowing down the speed of the piston, thereby avoiding vibration and noise caused by the collision between the piston and the cylinder, thereby preventing damage to the hydraulic cylinder and extending the service life of the hydraulic cylinder.
具体地，本申请提供的作业机械，由于包含了上述的液压缸，因此同时也就包含了液压缸的上述所有优点。Specifically, since the working machine provided by this application includes the above-mentioned hydraulic cylinder, it also includes all the above-mentioned advantages of the hydraulic cylinder.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本申请或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this application or the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are the drawings used in the present application. For some embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings without exerting creative efforts.
图1是本申请一些实施例中提供的液压缸的结构示意图；Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a hydraulic cylinder provided in some embodiments of the present application;
图2是图1中的Ⅰ局部放大图；Figure 2 is a partial enlarged view of I in Figure 1;
图3是图2中的Ⅱ局部放大图；Figure 3 is a partial enlarged view of II in Figure 2;
图4是本申请一些实施例中提供的滑块和第一弹性件的安装状态示意图Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the installation state of the slider and the first elastic member provided in some embodiments of the present application.
图5是本申请一些实施例中提供的滑环与楔形块的设置形式示意图。Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of slip rings and wedge blocks provided in some embodiments of the present application.
附图标记：Reference signs:
1、缸筒；2、连接件；3、端盖；4、压盖；5、活塞；6、活塞杆；7、缓冲斜面；8、滑块；9、第一弹性件；10、环形凸缘；11、环形槽；12、泄压孔；13、第二弹性件；14、导向套；15、滑环；16、轴肩；17、导向 杆；18、楔形块；19、缓冲垫；20、固定套；21、自由活塞；22、隔套；23、缓冲环；24、钢丝套；25、滑槽；26、限位套；27、孔肩。1. Cylinder barrel; 2. Connecting piece; 3. End cover; 4. Gland; 5. Piston; 6. Piston rod; 7. Buffering slope; 8. Slider; 9. First elastic member; 10. Annular convex 11. Annular groove; 12. Pressure relief hole; 13. Second elastic member; 14. Guide sleeve; 15. Sliding ring; 16. Shaft shoulder; 17. Guide rod; 18. Wedge block; 19. Cushion pad; 20. Fixed sleeve; 21. Free piston; 22. Spacer sleeve; 23. Buffer ring; 24. Wire sleeve; 25. Slide groove; 26. Limit sleeve; 27. Hole shoulder.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本申请的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请中的附图，对本申请中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of this application clearer, the technical solutions in this application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in this application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of this application. , not all examples. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of this application.
下面结合图1至图5描述本申请的实施例中提供的液压缸。The hydraulic cylinder provided in the embodiment of the present application will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5 .
具体来说，液压缸包括缸体、活塞5、活塞杆6及一级缓冲结构。一级缓冲结构包括导向件、滑块8及第一弹性件9。Specifically, the hydraulic cylinder includes a cylinder body, a piston 5, a piston rod 6 and a primary buffer structure. The primary buffer structure includes a guide member, a slider 8 and a first elastic member 9 .
可选地，缸体可以包括缸筒1、连接件2、端盖3和压盖4。Alternatively, the cylinder may include a cylinder barrel 1, a connecting piece 2, an end cover 3 and a gland 4.
参考图1所示，缸筒1、连接件2、端盖3及压盖4由上至下依次连接，并且任意相邻的两者之间可以通过螺纹紧固件相连接。Referring to Figure 1, the cylinder barrel 1, the connecting piece 2, the end cap 3 and the gland 4 are connected in sequence from top to bottom, and any adjacent two can be connected through threaded fasteners.
进一步地，有杆腔的油口可以设置在连接件2上。Furthermore, an oil port with a rod cavity can be provided on the connecting piece 2 .
活塞5可滑动地设置于缸体。具体地，活塞5可滑动地设置于缸筒1之内。活塞5与缸筒1之间设置有滑动密封结构。The piston 5 is slidably installed in the cylinder. Specifically, the piston 5 is slidably disposed inside the cylinder 1 . A sliding sealing structure is provided between the piston 5 and the cylinder 1 .
活塞杆6的第一端与活塞5相连接，活塞杆6的第二端从缸体伸出。具体地，活塞杆6的第二端依次穿过连接件2、端盖3及压盖4并伸出。The first end of the piston rod 6 is connected to the piston 5, and the second end of the piston rod 6 extends from the cylinder. Specifically, the second end of the piston rod 6 passes through the connecting piece 2, the end cover 3 and the gland 4 in sequence and extends out.
导向件可滑动地设置于缸体之内，并且导向件可滑动地套装于活塞杆6外部。导向件靠近活塞5的一端能够与活塞5相抵。导向件设有缓冲斜面7，并且在沿活塞杆6靠近活塞的一端至远离活塞的一端，缓冲斜面7逐渐向靠近活塞杆6的方向倾斜。The guide member is slidably disposed inside the cylinder, and the guide member is slidably sleeved on the outside of the piston rod 6 . One end of the guide member close to the piston 5 can offset the piston 5 . The guide member is provided with a buffering slope 7, and the buffering slope 7 gradually inclines toward the direction of the piston rod 6 from one end of the piston rod 6 close to the piston to an end far away from the piston.
滑块8沿缸体的径向可滑动地与缸体相连接，并且滑块8与缓冲斜面7相抵。The slider 8 is slidably connected to the cylinder along the radial direction of the cylinder, and the slider 8 resists the buffer slope 7 .
可选地，端盖3设置有孔肩27和限位套26，其中限位套26与孔肩27之间具有间隙，滑块8可滑动地设置于孔肩27与限位套26之间。进一步地，限位套26的一端与连接件2相抵，另一端与端盖3内壁的凸起结构相抵，即通过端盖3和连接件2压紧固定限位套26，以使限位套26与孔肩27之间形成可供滑块8滑动的空间。Optionally, the end cover 3 is provided with a hole shoulder 27 and a limiting sleeve 26, wherein there is a gap between the limiting sleeve 26 and the hole shoulder 27, and the slider 8 is slidably disposed between the hole shoulder 27 and the limiting sleeve 26. . Further, one end of the limit sleeve 26 is against the connector 2, and the other end is against the convex structure on the inner wall of the end cover 3, that is, the limit sleeve 26 is pressed and fixed by the end cover 3 and the connector 2, so that the limit sleeve 26 is pressed and fixed. 26 and the hole shoulder 27 form a space for the slider 8 to slide.
第一弹性件9分别与缸体和滑块8相连接，第一弹性件9用于向靠近导向件的方向驱动滑块8。例如，第一弹性件9可以设置为弹簧。The first elastic member 9 is connected to the cylinder and the slider 8 respectively, and is used to drive the slider 8 toward the guide member. For example, the first elastic member 9 may be configured as a spring.
参考图1所示，本申请实施例中提供的液压缸，通过设置一级缓冲结构，在活塞杆6伸出的过程中，活塞5能够与导向件相抵，活塞5驱动导向件同步位移。导向件移动的过程中，导向件的缓冲斜面7与滑块8相互作用，缓冲斜面7驱动滑块8向远离活塞杆6的方向运动，并压缩第一弹性件9。在第一弹性件9的作用下，滑块8为导向件提供阻力，从而减缓活塞5的速度，进而避免活塞5与缸体发生撞击产生振动和噪音，以防止液压缸损坏，延长液压缸的使用寿命。Referring to Figure 1, the hydraulic cylinder provided in the embodiment of the present application has a first-level buffer structure. When the piston rod 6 extends, the piston 5 can offset the guide member, and the piston 5 drives the guide member to synchronously displace. During the movement of the guide member, the buffering slope 7 of the guide member interacts with the slider 8. The buffering slope 7 drives the slider 8 to move away from the piston rod 6 and compresses the first elastic member 9. Under the action of the first elastic member 9, the slider 8 provides resistance to the guide member, thereby slowing down the speed of the piston 5, thereby preventing the piston 5 from colliding with the cylinder to produce vibration and noise, thereby preventing damage to the hydraulic cylinder and prolonging the service life of the hydraulic cylinder. service life.
进一步地，缓冲斜面7与活塞杆6的延伸方向之间的夹角小于45°。如此设置，在活塞5与导向件相抵的状态，活塞5运行单位长度的距离时，滑块8运行的距离小于单位长度，相应的弹簧的压缩量小于单位长度。如此，能够对活塞5进行柔性缓冲，避免对活塞5的缓冲过大使活塞5急停而失去缓冲的意义，同时能够避免活塞5急停而产生液压冲击造成的噪音问题。Furthermore, the angle between the buffering slope 7 and the extension direction of the piston rod 6 is less than 45°. With this arrangement, when the piston 5 is in a state of collision with the guide member and the piston 5 travels a distance of unit length, the distance the slider 8 travels is less than the unit length, and the corresponding compression amount of the spring is less than the unit length. In this way, the piston 5 can be flexibly buffered to prevent the piston 5 from being excessively buffered so that the piston 5 stops suddenly and loses the meaning of buffering. At the same time, the noise problem caused by hydraulic shock caused by the piston 5 being stopped suddenly can be avoided.
参考图4、图5所示，进一步地，滑块8与第一弹性件9均设置为多个，且二者一一对应。多个滑块8沿导向件的周向均匀分布。Referring to Figures 4 and 5, further, there are multiple sliders 8 and first elastic members 9, and they correspond one to one. A plurality of slide blocks 8 are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the guide member.
如此设置，能够提高对活塞5的缓冲减速效果，并使活塞5受力均匀。Such an arrangement can improve the buffering and deceleration effect on the piston 5 and make the piston 5 receive a uniform force.
参考图1所示，在本申请提供的一些实施例中，导向件的外表面设置有轴肩16。缸体设有用于与轴肩16靠近活塞5的一端相抵的定位面。例如，定位面可以设置为连接件2靠近端盖3的一端的端面。Referring to FIG. 1 , in some embodiments provided in this application, the outer surface of the guide member is provided with a shoulder 16 . The cylinder body is provided with a positioning surface for abutting against one end of the shaft shoulder 16 close to the piston 5 . For example, the positioning surface may be provided as an end surface of one end of the connecting member 2 close to the end cover 3 .
如此设置，在活塞杆6随活塞5回缩的过程中，导向件在滑块8的驱动下复位并与定位面相抵，通过与连接件2相抵，能够避免导向件随活塞杆6继续位移而导致缓冲斜面7与滑块8相互脱离的问题。With this arrangement, when the piston rod 6 retracts with the piston 5, the guide member is reset under the drive of the slider 8 and offsets the positioning surface. By offsetting the connecting member 2, the guide member can be prevented from continuing to displace with the piston rod 6. This leads to the problem that the buffer slope 7 and the slider 8 are separated from each other.
参考图1所示，在本申请提供的一些实施例中，导向件包括套装于活塞杆6的导向套14和套装于导向套14的滑环15，缓冲斜面7设置于滑块8。导向套14能够与活塞5相抵。Referring to FIG. 1 , in some embodiments provided by this application, the guide member includes a guide sleeve 14 that is sleeved on the piston rod 6 and a slip ring 15 that is sleeved on the guide sleeve 14 . The buffer slope 7 is provided on the slider 8 . The guide sleeve 14 can offset the piston 5 .
所述轴肩16设置于导向套14上，滑环15靠近活塞5的一端与轴肩16相抵。The shoulder 16 is provided on the guide sleeve 14 , and one end of the slip ring 15 close to the piston 5 is against the shoulder 16 .
通过设置导向套14能够对活塞杆6进行导向。在活塞杆6伸出的过 程中，活塞5与导向套14相抵并推动导向套14运动，导向套14的轴肩16推动滑环15运动，以使滑环15的缓冲斜面7驱动滑块8压缩第一弹性件9。当活塞杆6回缩时，第一弹性件9恢复形变并驱动滑块8位移，滑块8推动滑环15运动，滑环15推动轴肩16至与连接件2相抵。The piston rod 6 can be guided by providing the guide sleeve 14 . When the piston rod 6 extends, the piston 5 resists the guide sleeve 14 and pushes the guide sleeve 14 to move. The shoulder 16 of the guide sleeve 14 pushes the slide ring 15 to move, so that the buffer slope 7 of the slide ring 15 drives the slide block 8 Compress the first elastic member 9 . When the piston rod 6 retracts, the first elastic member 9 recovers its deformation and drives the slider 8 to move. The slider 8 pushes the slip ring 15 to move, and the slip ring 15 pushes the shoulder 16 to offset the connector 2 .
如此设置，当缓冲斜面7磨损或损坏后，可以只更换滑环15而无需更换导向套14。同样地，导向套14磨损或损坏后，可以只更换导向套14而无需更换滑环15。如此，能够降低对液压缸的维修成本。With this arrangement, when the buffer slope 7 is worn or damaged, only the slip ring 15 can be replaced without replacing the guide sleeve 14 . Similarly, after the guide sleeve 14 is worn or damaged, only the guide sleeve 14 can be replaced without replacing the slip ring 15 . In this way, the maintenance cost of the hydraulic cylinder can be reduced.
进一步地，为了使滑环15与导向套14能够更好的连接，使滑环能够可靠且准确地复位。参考图3所示，液压缸还包括钢丝套24，钢丝套24套装于导向套14并且与滑环15远离活塞5的一端相抵。通过钢丝套24和轴肩16的共同作用，能够使滑环15始终与导向套14同步位移。Furthermore, in order to better connect the slip ring 15 and the guide sleeve 14, the slip ring can be reset reliably and accurately. Referring to FIG. 3 , the hydraulic cylinder also includes a wire sleeve 24 . The wire sleeve 24 is sleeved on the guide sleeve 14 and offsets the end of the slip ring 15 away from the piston 5 . Through the joint action of the wire sleeve 24 and the shaft shoulder 16, the slip ring 15 can always be displaced synchronously with the guide sleeve 14.
在本申请提供的一些实施例中，液压缸还包括二级缓冲结构，二级缓冲结构包括第二弹性件13。In some embodiments provided in this application, the hydraulic cylinder also includes a secondary buffer structure, and the secondary buffer structure includes the second elastic member 13 .
第二弹性件13设置于缸体之内，并且第二弹性件13的第一端与缸体相连接，第二弹性件13的第二端能够与导向件相抵，第二弹性件13用于向导向件靠近活塞5的一端驱动导向件。The second elastic member 13 is disposed inside the cylinder, and the first end of the second elastic member 13 is connected to the cylinder. The second end of the second elastic member 13 can offset the guide member. The second elastic member 13 is used for The guide is driven towards the end of the guide close to the piston 5 .
如此，在活塞杆伸出的过程中，在活塞5推动导向件与第二弹性件13相连接后，可以在一级缓冲结构和二级缓冲结构的共同作用下同时对活塞5进行缓冲，能够有效地承担更大的冲击力，从而使活塞5停止运动。In this way, during the extending process of the piston rod, after the piston 5 pushes the guide member to connect with the second elastic member 13, the piston 5 can be buffered simultaneously under the joint action of the primary buffer structure and the secondary buffer structure. Effectively bear greater impact force, thereby causing the piston 5 to stop moving.
参考图1所示，在本申请提供的一些实施例中，液压缸还包括滑动件和定位结构。Referring to FIG. 1 , in some embodiments provided in this application, the hydraulic cylinder further includes a sliding member and a positioning structure.
滑动件套装于导向件和活塞杆6之间，且分别与导向件和活塞杆6滑动配合。具体地，滑动件套装于导向套14与活塞杆6之间，导向套14通过滑动件对活塞杆6进行导向。The sliding part is sleeved between the guide part and the piston rod 6, and slides with the guide part and the piston rod 6 respectively. Specifically, the sliding member is inserted between the guide sleeve 14 and the piston rod 6 , and the guide sleeve 14 guides the piston rod 6 through the sliding member.
定位结构与导向件靠近活塞5的一端相连接。例如，定位结构与导向套14靠近活塞5的一端相连接。定位结构套装于活塞杆6，并且在定位结构与活塞杆6之间具有间隙。定位结构与滑动件靠近活塞5的一端能够在相抵状态和间隔状态之间切换。The positioning structure is connected to one end of the guide member close to the piston 5 . For example, the positioning structure is connected to one end of the guide sleeve 14 close to the piston 5 . The positioning structure is sleeved on the piston rod 6 , and there is a gap between the positioning structure and the piston rod 6 . The positioning structure and the end of the sliding member close to the piston 5 can switch between the offset state and the spacing state.
参考图1所示，作用原理包括：在活塞杆6伸出的过程中，活塞5未与导向套14相抵时，有杆腔内的高压液压油从定位结构与活塞杆6之间 的间隙进入到定位结构与滑动件之间，此时滑动件可以在液压油的驱动下与缸体的压盖4或第二弹性件13相抵，滑动件与定位结构处于间隔状态。Referring to Figure 1, the working principle includes: when the piston rod 6 extends and the piston 5 does not offset the guide sleeve 14, the high-pressure hydraulic oil in the rod cavity enters from the gap between the positioning structure and the piston rod 6. between the positioning structure and the sliding member. At this time, the sliding member can be driven by the hydraulic oil to offset the gland 4 or the second elastic member 13 of the cylinder, and the sliding member and the positioning structure are in a spaced state.
活塞5与导向套14相抵时，定位结构向靠近滑动件的方向运动，使得滑动件与定位结构之间的间隔距离减小，此时滑动件与定位结构之间的液压油受到挤压而从定位结构与活塞杆6之间的间隙进入到有杆腔内，液压油作用于活塞5能够对活塞5起到缓冲作用。When the piston 5 and the guide sleeve 14 are against each other, the positioning structure moves toward the sliding part, so that the distance between the sliding part and the positioning structure is reduced. At this time, the hydraulic oil between the sliding part and the positioning structure is squeezed from The gap between the positioning structure and the piston rod 6 enters the rod cavity, and the hydraulic oil acts on the piston 5 to buffer the piston 5 .
当定位结构运行至与滑动件之间的间距为零时，定位结构与滑动件处于相抵状态，此时由于滑动件远离活塞5的一端与缸体或第二弹性件13相抵，所以定位结构在滑动件的限制下停止，同时活塞5停止。When the positioning structure runs until the distance between the positioning structure and the sliding member is zero, the positioning structure and the sliding member are in an offset state. At this time, since the end of the sliding member away from the piston 5 offsets the cylinder or the second elastic member 13, the positioning structure is in It stops under the restriction of the sliding member, and the piston 5 stops at the same time.
如此设置，能够利用定位结构与滑动件之间的液压油对活塞5起到柔性缓冲的作用，如此，一方面能有效避免活塞5动量过大时，滑块8与缓冲斜面7响应过快导致各个结构之间产生过大撞击而导致结构损坏的问题。同时，能够防止因滑块8及缓冲斜面7相互作用产生的缓冲过大而使活塞5急停，在缸筒1内产生刚性撞击使油缸失去缓冲意义。With this arrangement, the hydraulic oil between the positioning structure and the sliding part can be used to play a flexible buffering role on the piston 5. In this way, on the one hand, it can effectively prevent the slider 8 and the buffering slope 7 from responding too quickly when the momentum of the piston 5 is too large. The problem of structural damage caused by excessive impact between various structures. At the same time, it can prevent the piston 5 from making an emergency stop due to excessive buffering caused by the interaction between the slider 8 and the buffering slope 7, causing a rigid impact in the cylinder barrel 1 and causing the cylinder to lose its buffering significance.
进一步地，在定位结构与滑动件处于相抵状态时，滑动件远离活塞的一端凸出于导向件远离活塞的一端。如此能够在活塞杆伸出的过程中使得定位结构与滑动件相抵，从而能够将定位结构与滑动件之间的液压油完全排出，进而对活塞形成更好的缓冲效果。Further, when the positioning structure and the sliding member are in a state of collision, the end of the sliding member away from the piston protrudes from the end of the guide member away from the piston. In this way, the positioning structure and the sliding part can be offset during the extension of the piston rod, so that the hydraulic oil between the positioning structure and the sliding part can be completely discharged, thereby forming a better buffering effect on the piston.
需要说明的是，参考图1所示，对于设置有二级缓冲结构的液压缸而言，滑动件可以与二级缓冲结构相抵，即在此种情形下，导向件通过滑动件与第二弹性件13相抵。而对于未设置二级缓冲结构的液压缸而言，滑动件可以与缸体相抵，即导向件通过滑动件与缸体相抵。It should be noted that, with reference to Figure 1, for a hydraulic cylinder provided with a secondary buffer structure, the sliding member can offset the secondary buffer structure, that is, in this case, the guide member communicates with the second elastic member through the sliding member. Pieces 13 offset. For a hydraulic cylinder without a secondary buffer structure, the sliding member can offset the cylinder body, that is, the guide member offsets the cylinder body through the sliding member.
可选地，第二弹性件13设置为碟形弹簧。Optionally, the second elastic member 13 is configured as a disc spring.
进一步地，压盖4上设有用于安装蝶形弹簧的安装槽。Furthermore, the gland 4 is provided with an installation groove for installing a butterfly spring.
在本申请提供的一些实施例中，定位结构包括缓冲垫19和固定套20。In some embodiments provided in this application, the positioning structure includes a cushion pad 19 and a fixed sleeve 20 .
固定套20与导向件螺纹配合。例如，导向套14靠近活塞5的一端设置有内螺纹，固定套20的外壁设置有与所述内螺纹相配合的外螺纹，固定套20旋拧于导向套14靠近活塞5的一端的内部。The fixed sleeve 20 is threaded with the guide member. For example, one end of the guide sleeve 14 close to the piston 5 is provided with internal threads, and the outer wall of the fixed sleeve 20 is provided with external threads that match the internal threads. The fixed sleeve 20 is screwed inside the end of the guide sleeve 14 close to the piston 5 .
缓冲垫19设置于固定套20与滑动件之间，并且缓冲垫19与固定套20相连接。例如，缓冲垫19可以通过螺纹紧固件连接的方式与固定套20 相连接。The cushion pad 19 is disposed between the fixed sleeve 20 and the sliding member, and the cushion pad 19 is connected to the fixed sleeve 20 . For example, the cushion pad 19 can be connected to the fixing sleeve 20 through threaded fasteners.
由于定位结构需要经常与滑动件相互抵触，受力情况较为复杂，通过将定位结构设置为缓冲垫19与固定套20，使缓冲垫19作为与滑动件配合的部分，使固定套20作为与导向件连接的部分，一方面能够对缓冲垫19和固定套20有针对性的使用不同的材质，以更好地满足使用需求，另一方面便于有针对性的更换容易损坏的零件，而无需更换所有零件。Since the positioning structure needs to often conflict with the sliding parts, the stress situation is relatively complicated. By setting the positioning structure as a buffer pad 19 and a fixed sleeve 20, the buffer pad 19 is used as a part that cooperates with the sliding parts, and the fixed sleeve 20 is used as a guide part. For the parts connecting parts, on the one hand, different materials can be used for the cushion pad 19 and the fixed sleeve 20 to better meet the use needs. On the other hand, easily damaged parts can be replaced in a targeted manner without replacement. All parts.
参考图1、图2所示，在本申请提供的一些实施例中，滑动件靠近活塞5的一端的外圆周面设有环形凸缘10，导向件设有供环形凸缘10置入的环形槽11。Referring to Figures 1 and 2, in some embodiments provided by this application, the outer circumferential surface of one end of the sliding member close to the piston 5 is provided with an annular flange 10, and the guide member is provided with an annular flange 10 for insertion. slot 11.
通过设置环形凸缘10能够提高滑动件与定位结构之间的接触面积，从而改善定位结构与环形凸缘10之间的受力情况，进而减少定位结构与环形凸缘10损坏的发生。By providing the annular flange 10, the contact area between the sliding member and the positioning structure can be increased, thereby improving the stress between the positioning structure and the annular flange 10, thereby reducing the occurrence of damage to the positioning structure and the annular flange 10.
参考图1、图2所示，在本申请提供的一些实施例中，环形凸缘10设有沿滑动件的轴向贯通设置的泄压孔12。Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2 , in some embodiments provided by the present application, the annular flange 10 is provided with a pressure relief hole 12 that is provided through the axial direction of the sliding member.
泄压孔12设置为与滑动件和导向件之间的间隙相对。The pressure relief hole 12 is provided opposite to the gap between the slider and the guide.
通过设置泄压孔12，一方面在活塞杆6伸出的过程中，环形凸缘10与环形槽11的侧壁之间的液压油能够快速地从泄压孔12内排出，避免环形凸缘10与环形槽11的侧壁之间的液压油对滑动件的运动形成阻碍。另一方面，在环形凸缘10与环形槽11的侧壁相抵时，滑动件与导向件之间的缝隙内的液压油能够从泄压孔12排出，从而避免环形凸缘10与环形槽11的侧壁快速相抵，导致滑动件与导向件之间的间隙内瞬间形成高压而击穿滑动件与导向件之间的密封结构的问题。By providing the pressure relief hole 12, on the one hand, during the extension of the piston rod 6, the hydraulic oil between the annular flange 10 and the side wall of the annular groove 11 can be quickly discharged from the pressure relief hole 12 to avoid the annular flange The hydraulic oil between 10 and the side wall of the annular groove 11 hinders the movement of the sliding member. On the other hand, when the annular flange 10 collides with the side wall of the annular groove 11 , the hydraulic oil in the gap between the sliding member and the guide member can be discharged from the pressure relief hole 12 , thereby preventing the annular flange 10 from colliding with the annular groove 11 The side walls of the slider quickly come into contact with each other, causing the high pressure to instantly form in the gap between the slider and the guide and breakdown the sealing structure between the slider and the guide.
参考图1所示，在本申请提供的一些实施例中，液压缸还包括缓冲环23。缓冲环23与定位结构靠近活塞5的一端相连接。即，定位结构通过缓冲环23与活塞5相抵。Referring to FIG. 1 , in some embodiments provided in this application, the hydraulic cylinder further includes a buffer ring 23 . The buffer ring 23 is connected to one end of the positioning structure close to the piston 5 . That is, the positioning structure offsets the piston 5 through the buffer ring 23 .
例如，缓冲环23可以通过螺纹紧固件与导向套14相连接，并且缓冲环23与固定套20相抵。缓冲环23与活塞杆6之间具有间隙。For example, the buffer ring 23 can be connected to the guide sleeve 14 through threaded fasteners, and the buffer ring 23 offsets the fixed sleeve 20 . There is a gap between the buffer ring 23 and the piston rod 6 .
参考图1所示，通过设置缓冲环23，一方面便于导向件通过缓冲环23与活塞5进行相抵配合。另一方面，设置缓冲环23之后，在导向套14受到挤压的过程中，滑动件与定位结构之间的液压油需要依次经过定位结构 与活塞杆6之间的间隙以及缓冲环23与活塞杆6之间的间隙之后，再进入到有杆腔，如此延长了液压油的运行路径，增大了定位结构与滑动件之间液压油的排出阻力，从而提高对于活塞5的缓冲效果。Referring to FIG. 1 , by providing the buffer ring 23 , on the one hand, it is convenient for the guide member to offset the piston 5 through the buffer ring 23 . On the other hand, after the buffer ring 23 is provided, when the guide sleeve 14 is squeezed, the hydraulic oil between the sliding part and the positioning structure needs to pass through the gap between the positioning structure and the piston rod 6 and the gap between the buffer ring 23 and the piston. After the gap between the rods 6, it enters the rod cavity, which extends the running path of the hydraulic oil, increases the discharge resistance of the hydraulic oil between the positioning structure and the sliding part, thereby improving the buffering effect on the piston 5.
参考图1、图3及图4所示，在本申请提供的一些实施例中，液压缸还包括与缸体相连接的导向杆17。第一弹性件9和滑块8均套装于导向杆17。通过将第一弹性件9和滑块8套装于导向杆17能够防止第一弹性件9和滑块8移位窜动。Referring to Figures 1, 3 and 4, in some embodiments provided in this application, the hydraulic cylinder further includes a guide rod 17 connected to the cylinder body. The first elastic member 9 and the slider 8 are both sleeved on the guide rod 17 . By fitting the first elastic member 9 and the slider 8 to the guide rod 17, the first elastic member 9 and the slider 8 can be prevented from shifting and moving.
滑环15设有楔形块18，楔形块18的倾斜面设置为缓冲斜面7，楔形块18设有供导向杆17伸入的滑槽25，滑槽25沿活塞杆6的轴向延伸。通过导向杆17伸入滑槽25，能够防止滑环15绕导向件转动而导致楔形块18与滑块8错位的问题。The slip ring 15 is provided with a wedge block 18 , the inclined surface of the wedge block 18 is set as a buffer slope 7 , and the wedge block 18 is provided with a slide groove 25 for the guide rod 17 to extend into, and the slide groove 25 extends along the axial direction of the piston rod 6 . By extending the guide rod 17 into the slide groove 25, it is possible to prevent the slip ring 15 from rotating around the guide member, causing the wedge block 18 and the slide block 8 to be misaligned.
进一步地，楔形块18的数量设置为多个且与滑块8一一对应。Further, the number of wedge blocks 18 is set to be multiple and corresponds to the slide blocks 8 one-to-one.
参考图1所示，在本申请提供的一些实施例中，滑动件与活塞杆6之间、滑动件与导向件之间以及导向件与缸体之间均设有滑动密封结构。通过设置滑动密封结构，能够防止有杆腔内的液压油从以上三者中的任一者泄漏，从而提高液压缸的密封效果。Referring to FIG. 1 , in some embodiments provided by this application, sliding seal structures are provided between the sliding member and the piston rod 6 , between the sliding member and the guide member, and between the guide member and the cylinder. By providing a sliding seal structure, the hydraulic oil in the rod chamber can be prevented from leaking from any of the above three, thereby improving the sealing effect of the hydraulic cylinder.
参考图1所示，在本申请提供的一些实施例中，滑动件包括自由活塞21和隔套22。自由活塞21设置于靠近活塞的一端。例如，自由活塞21用于与定位结构相抵。隔套22设置于远离活塞的一端。例如，隔套22用于与缸体相抵。例如，自由活塞21与活塞杆6之间设置为配合尺寸，并且在自由活塞21与活塞杆6之间设置有所述滑动密封结构。而隔套22可不与活塞杆6设置为配合尺寸，例如隔套22与活塞杆6之间设有间隙，隔套22仅用于力的传递。Referring to FIG. 1 , in some embodiments provided in this application, the sliding member includes a free piston 21 and a spacer 22 . The free piston 21 is disposed near one end of the piston. For example, the free piston 21 is used to counteract the positioning structure. The spacer 22 is arranged at one end away from the piston. For example, spacer 22 is used to offset the cylinder. For example, the free piston 21 and the piston rod 6 are set to a matching size, and the sliding sealing structure is provided between the free piston 21 and the piston rod 6 . The spacer sleeve 22 may not be set to a matching size with the piston rod 6. For example, there is a gap between the spacer sleeve 22 and the piston rod 6, and the spacer sleeve 22 is only used for force transmission.
如此设置，只需提高自由活塞21的加工精度，而对隔套22的加工精度要求可以降低。如此，一方面，能够降低滑动件的加工难度和加工成本，另一方面，在自由活塞21或隔套22出现损坏后，可以更换损坏的零件，无需对滑动件进行整体更换。With this arrangement, only the machining accuracy of the free piston 21 needs to be improved, while the machining accuracy requirements for the spacer 22 can be reduced. In this way, on the one hand, the processing difficulty and cost of the sliding parts can be reduced. On the other hand, after the free piston 21 or the spacer 22 is damaged, the damaged parts can be replaced without the need to replace the sliding parts as a whole.
本申请还提供一种作业机械。This application also provides a working machine.
具体来说，作业机械包括如上所述的液压缸。Specifically, the work machine includes the hydraulic cylinder as described above.
需要说明的是，作业机械包含了液压缸也就包含了液压缸的所有优点， 此处不再赘述。It should be noted that a working machine that includes a hydraulic cylinder also includes all the advantages of a hydraulic cylinder, which will not be described again here.
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present application, but not to limit it; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that it can still be Modifications are made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions are made to some of the technical features; however, these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application.

Claims (10)

  1. 一种液压缸，包括缸体、活塞、活塞杆及一级缓冲结构，所述一级缓冲结构包括：A hydraulic cylinder includes a cylinder body, a piston, a piston rod and a first-level buffer structure. The first-level buffer structure includes:
    导向件，可滑动地设置于所述缸体，并可滑动地套装于所述活塞杆，所述导向件靠近所述活塞的一端能够与所述活塞相抵，所述导向件设有缓冲斜面，且沿所述活塞杆靠近所述活塞的一端至远离所述活塞的一端，所述缓冲斜面逐渐向靠近所述活塞杆的方向倾斜；A guide member is slidably provided on the cylinder and is slidably sleeved on the piston rod. One end of the guide member close to the piston can offset the piston. The guide member is provided with a buffer slope. And along the end of the piston rod close to the piston to the end far away from the piston, the buffer slope gradually slopes toward the direction close to the piston rod;
    滑块，沿所述缸体的径向可滑动地与所述缸体相连接，并且所述滑块与所述缓冲斜面相抵；A slide block is slidably connected to the cylinder body along the radial direction of the cylinder block, and the slide block offsets the buffer slope;
    第一弹性件，分别与所述缸体和所述滑块相连接，所述第一弹性件用于向靠近所述导向件的方向驱动所述滑块。The first elastic member is connected to the cylinder and the slider respectively, and the first elastic member is used to drive the slider in a direction close to the guide member.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的液压缸，还包括二级缓冲结构，所述二级缓冲结构包括第二弹性件；The hydraulic cylinder according to claim 1, further comprising a secondary buffer structure, the secondary buffer structure including a second elastic member;
    所述第二弹性件设置于所述缸体之内，并且所述第二弹性件的第一端与所述缸体相连接，所述第二弹性件的第二端能够与所述导向件相抵，所述第二弹性件用于向所述导向件靠近所述活塞的一端驱动所述导向件。The second elastic member is disposed inside the cylinder, and the first end of the second elastic member is connected to the cylinder, and the second end of the second elastic member can be connected to the guide member In contrast, the second elastic member is used to drive the guide member toward an end of the guide member close to the piston.
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的液压缸，还包括滑动件和定位结构；The hydraulic cylinder according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a sliding member and a positioning structure;
    所述滑动件套装于所述导向件和所述活塞杆之间，且分别与所述导向件和所述活塞杆滑动配合；The sliding member is sleeved between the guide member and the piston rod, and slides with the guide member and the piston rod respectively;
    所述定位结构与所述导向件靠近所述活塞的一端相连接，所述定位结构套装于所述活塞杆且二者之间具有间隙，所述定位结构与所述滑动件靠近所述活塞的一端能够在相抵状态和间隔状态之间切换。The positioning structure is connected to one end of the guide member close to the piston. The positioning structure is sleeved on the piston rod with a gap between them. The positioning structure and the sliding member are close to the piston. One end can switch between offset and spacing states.
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的液压缸，其中，所述滑动件靠近所述活塞的一端的外圆周面设有环形凸缘，所述导向件设有供所述环形凸缘置入的环形槽。The hydraulic cylinder according to claim 3, wherein the outer circumferential surface of one end of the sliding member close to the piston is provided with an annular flange, and the guide member is provided with an annular groove for the annular flange to be inserted.
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的液压缸，其中，所述环形凸缘设有沿所述滑动件的轴向贯通设置的泄压孔；The hydraulic cylinder according to claim 4, wherein the annular flange is provided with a pressure relief hole arranged through the axial direction of the sliding member;
    所述泄压孔设置为与所述滑动件和所述导向件之间的间隙相对。The pressure relief hole is disposed opposite to the gap between the sliding member and the guide member.
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的液压缸，其中，所述导向件包括套装于所 述活塞杆的导向套和套装于所述导向套的滑环，所述缓冲斜面设置于所述滑环；The hydraulic cylinder according to claim 1, wherein the guide member includes a guide sleeve sleeved on the piston rod and a slip ring sleeved on the guide sleeve, and the buffer slope is provided on the slip ring;
    所述导向套设置有轴肩，所述轴肩与所述滑环靠近所述活塞的一端相抵。The guide sleeve is provided with a shoulder, and the shoulder is against an end of the slip ring close to the piston.
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的液压缸，还包括与所述缸体相连接的导向杆，所述第一弹性件和所述滑块均套装于所述导向杆；The hydraulic cylinder according to claim 6, further comprising a guide rod connected to the cylinder body, and the first elastic member and the slider are both sleeved on the guide rod;
    所述滑环设有楔形块，所述楔形块的倾斜面设置为所述缓冲斜面，所述楔形块设有供所述导向杆伸入的滑槽，所述滑槽沿所述活塞杆的轴向延伸。The slide ring is provided with a wedge block, and the inclined surface of the wedge block is set as the buffer slope. The wedge block is provided with a slide groove for the guide rod to extend into, and the slide groove is along the length of the piston rod. Axial extension.
  8. 根据权利要求3所述的液压缸，其中，所述滑动件与所述活塞杆之间、所述滑动件与所述导向件之间以及所述导向件与所述缸体之间均设有滑动密封结构。The hydraulic cylinder according to claim 3, wherein there are disposed between the sliding member and the piston rod, between the sliding member and the guide member, and between the guide member and the cylinder. Sliding seal structure.
  9. 根据权利要求3所述的液压缸，其中，所述定位结构包括缓冲垫和固定套，所述固定套与所述导向件螺纹配合，所述缓冲垫设置于所述固定套与所述滑动件之间，并且所述缓冲垫与所述固定套相连接；The hydraulic cylinder according to claim 3, wherein the positioning structure includes a buffer pad and a fixed sleeve, the fixed sleeve is threadedly engaged with the guide member, and the buffer pad is provided between the fixed sleeve and the sliding member. between, and the cushion pad is connected to the fixed sleeve;
    和/或，所述滑动件包括自由活塞和隔套，所述自由活塞设置于靠近所述活塞的一端，所述隔套设置于远离所述活塞的一端。And/or, the sliding member includes a free piston and a spacer sleeve, the free piston is disposed at one end close to the piston, and the spacer sleeve is disposed at an end far away from the piston.
  10. 一种作业机械，包括如权利要求1-9任一项所述的液压缸。A working machine includes the hydraulic cylinder according to any one of claims 1-9.
PCT/CN2022/116421 2022-03-30 2022-09-01 Hydraulic cylinder and working machine WO2023184854A1 (en)

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CN114576235A (en) * 2022-03-30 2022-06-03 娄底市中兴液压件有限公司 Hydraulic cylinder and working machine

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JPH07167115A (en) * 1993-10-18 1995-07-04 Smc Corp Cylinder device
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CN107120333A (en) * 2017-06-26 2017-09-01 泸州长江油缸制造有限公司 Self-locking hydraulic cylinder on lowering or hoisting gear
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CN111676807A (en) * 2020-07-16 2020-09-18 重庆科技学院 Anti-collision bridge pier
CN114576235A (en) * 2022-03-30 2022-06-03 娄底市中兴液压件有限公司 Hydraulic cylinder and working machine

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JPH07167115A (en) * 1993-10-18 1995-07-04 Smc Corp Cylinder device
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CN107120333A (en) * 2017-06-26 2017-09-01 泸州长江油缸制造有限公司 Self-locking hydraulic cylinder on lowering or hoisting gear
CN207640969U (en) * 2017-11-25 2018-07-24 华强方特（芜湖）文化科技有限公司 A kind of tractor buffer unit
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CN111676807A (en) * 2020-07-16 2020-09-18 重庆科技学院 Anti-collision bridge pier
CN114576235A (en) * 2022-03-30 2022-06-03 娄底市中兴液压件有限公司 Hydraulic cylinder and working machine

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