WO2023165237A1 - Channel estimation method and device based on holographic multiple access - Google Patents

Channel estimation method and device based on holographic multiple access Download PDF

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WO2023165237A1
WO2023165237A1 PCT/CN2022/142289 CN2022142289W WO2023165237A1 WO 2023165237 A1 WO2023165237 A1 WO 2023165237A1 CN 2022142289 W CN2022142289 W CN 2022142289W WO 2023165237 A1 WO2023165237 A1 WO 2023165237A1
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channel estimation
estimation result
holographic
signal
pilot
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PCT/CN2022/142289
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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张雨童
邓若琪
张浩波
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杭州腓腓科技有限公司
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/2283—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles mounted in or on the surface of a semiconductor substrate as a chip-type antenna or integrated with other components into an IC package
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
    • H04L25/024—Channel estimation channel estimation algorithms
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

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  • the invention relates to the field of wireless communication, in particular to a channel estimation method and device based on holographic multiple access.
  • Next-generation wireless communications are expected to provide high-speed data services and support large-scale network access for a large number of mobile devices.
  • This exponentially increasing data transmission demand has led to the emergence of massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology and large-scale phased arrays.
  • MIMO massive multiple-input multiple-output
  • phased arrays severely hinder the future development of massive MIMO systems because of the expensive components of phased arrays, such as phase shifters, and high power consumption, especially at high frequency bands.
  • the element spacing of phased arrays is usually about half a wavelength. Therefore, in the massive MIMO system, it is difficult to realize it in actual engineering due to the problem of the excessive size of the phased array.
  • the holographic antenna is composed of many metamaterial radiating units compactly arranged. According to the effective medium theory, the unit spacing is not greater than a quarter wavelength.
  • the feed source of the holographic antenna is embedded in the bottom of the waveguide to generate electromagnetic waves. They are also called reference waves. propagate along the waveguide.
  • the holographic antenna can use metamaterial radiation elements to construct a hologram according to the principle of holographic interference, and record the interference between the target wave and the reference wave pointing to the receiver. In other words, one hologram corresponds to one desired wave direction. When the reference wave excites the hologram, each unit can control the radiation amplitude of the reference wave to generate the target beam. No work currently considers channel estimation methods based on holographic multiple access.
  • the present invention provides a channel estimation method and device based on holographic multiple access, which obtains the channel estimation result of useful data positions by transmitting pilot signals to users.
  • a channel estimation method based on holographic multiple access suitable for a communication system composed of base stations equipped with holographic antennas, the steps include:
  • the channel estimation result of the useful data position is obtained through interpolation.
  • the pilot signal includes: a known training sequence.
  • the initial channel estimation result is calculated by the following steps:
  • the least square method is used to estimate, and the initial channel estimation result is obtained.
  • the holographic pattern M is acquired through the following steps:
  • a wireless communication service method comprising:
  • each radiation unit is used to perform holographic beamforming on the electromagnetic waves emitted by the feed source;
  • a storage medium in which a computer program is stored, wherein the computer program is configured to execute the above method when running.
  • An electronic device includes a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a program for executing the method described above.
  • the holographic antenna is small in size, and the PCB technology is used to make it compact and thin, the manufacturing cost is greatly reduced, and it is easy to install directly on the transmitter.
  • Holographic antennas have low power consumption and low hardware cost: traditional antennas rely on a large number of phase shifters to control the phase of electromagnetic waves in each antenna, and also require a large number of power amplifiers. Therefore, traditional antennas require complex phase shifting circuits, and The power loss is large, and the hardware cost is high. In contrast, holographic antennas do not require phase shifters and complex phase shifting circuits, and beam control is accomplished through amplitude modulation, so the power consumption and hardware cost of wireless communication with holographic antennas are very low.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a holographic antenna.
  • Figure 2 is a hybrid beamforming design framework.
  • Fig. 3 is a flowchart of a channel estimation method.
  • the holographic antenna is a new type of antenna composed of a feed source, a waveguide, and a metamaterial radiation unit.
  • the feed source is embedded in the bottom of the antenna to emit electromagnetic waves (also called reference waves) that carry the transmission signal.
  • the electromagnetic waves are directly injected into the waveguide and propagate along the waveguide.
  • the metasurface uses the radiation amplitude of the metamaterial radiation unit to construct a holographic pattern.
  • each radiation unit When the reference wave of the signal excites the holographic pattern on the reconstructable holographic metasurface, each radiation unit will control the radiation amplitude M i,j of the reference wave at the unit according to the current phase of the reference wave (that is, the radiation amplitude M i,j transmitted to each metamaterial The ratio of the energy of the reference wave of the radiating element radiated to free space), thereby generating a corresponding directional target beam.
  • the holographic antenna transmits pilots (known training sequences) to the users, and the initial channel estimation is performed at the user end. Specifically:
  • the signal received by the user is:
  • N represents the ambient noise and M represents the holographic pattern.
  • the effective channel can be estimated by the least square method:
  • Z e ZX H (XX H ) -1 represents effective noise.
  • the target beam direction of the holographic antenna is That is, the direction of the target user is When the phase of the reference wave in a certain unit is close to the phase of the target wave in the unit, more energy will be radiated to free space to form the target beam, and when the phase of the reference wave in a certain unit and the phase of the target wave in the When the elements are out of phase by a large amount, less energy is radiated into free space to avoid beam formation in other directions. From this, we can transmit the beam to the desired direction through the holographic antenna, i.e. This enables beamforming.
  • the radiation amplitude of each metamaterial radiation unit should be between [0,1], and its mathematical expression is:
  • k s is the propagation vector of the reference wave propagating on the surface of the holographic antenna
  • r i, j the position of the (i, j)th radiation unit vector
  • phase of the target wave on the (i, j)th radiation unit is the phase when the reference wave sent from the kth feed propagates to the (i, j)th radiating element.
  • the base station first transmits pilot signals to the users, and the users perform channel estimation according to formula (1), and obtain the corresponding channel estimation of the signal to be transmitted (2) according to For channel estimation corresponding to the signal to be transmitted, the base station performs digital beamforming on the signal to be transmitted.
  • the digital beamforming can be but not limited to zero-forcing beamforming;
  • the source is connected, (4)
  • the holographic beamforming is performed, that is, the holographic beamforming is performed according to the holographic pattern.
  • digital beamforming and holographic beamforming are called hybrid beamforming.
  • the electromagnetic wave is transmitted from the base station, passes through the channel, and reaches the antenna of the user, (6) decodes through analog beam combining, and connects with the radio frequency chain to obtain the final signal.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Radio Transmission System (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

Disclosed in the present invention is a channel estimation method and device based on holographic multiple access, said method comprising: by means of transmitting a pilot signal to a user, calculating an initial channel estimation result; inserting, into useful sent data, a pilot symbol of the pilot signal, combining same with the initial channel estimation result, and obtaining a channel estimation result of a pilot position; using the channel estimation result of the pilot position to obtain, by means of interpolation, a channel estimation result of a useful data position.

Description

一种基于全息多址接入的信道估计方法及装置A channel estimation method and device based on holographic multiple access 技术领域technical field
本发明涉及无线通信领域，具体为一种基于全息多址接入的信道估计方法及装置。The invention relates to the field of wireless communication, in particular to a channel estimation method and device based on holographic multiple access.
背景技术Background technique
下一代无线通信期待提供高速数据服务，并支持大量移动设备的大规模网络接入。这种指数级增长的数据传输需求导致了大规模多输入多输出(MIMO)技术与大规模相控阵的出现。然而，相控阵的固有局限性严重阻碍了大规模MIMO***的未来发展，因为相控阵的元件昂贵，如移相器和高功耗，特别是在高频段。此外，考虑到制造难度和辐射性能之间的权衡，相控阵的元件间距通常约为半个波长。因此，在大规模MIMO***中由于相控阵尺寸过大的问题很难在实际工程中实现。Next-generation wireless communications are expected to provide high-speed data services and support large-scale network access for a large number of mobile devices. This exponentially increasing data transmission demand has led to the emergence of massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology and large-scale phased arrays. However, the inherent limitations of phased arrays severely hinder the future development of massive MIMO systems because of the expensive components of phased arrays, such as phase shifters, and high power consumption, especially at high frequency bands. In addition, considering the trade-off between manufacturing difficulty and radiation performance, the element spacing of phased arrays is usually about half a wavelength. Therefore, in the massive MIMO system, it is difficult to realize it in actual engineering due to the problem of the excessive size of the phased array.
幸运的是，随着超材料的快速发展，超薄和轻量级全息天线的出现为克服相控阵的不足提供了一个有前途的解决方案。全息天线由众多超材料辐射单元紧凑排布而成，根据有效介质理论，单元间距不大于四分之一波长，全息天线的馈源嵌入在波导的底部产生电磁波,它们也被称为参考波，沿着波导传播。全息天线可利用超材料辐射元件根据全息干涉原理构建全息图，记录指向接收机的目标波与参考波之间的干涉。换句话说，一个全息图对应于一个所需的波方向。当参考波激发全息图时，各单元可控制参考波的辐射幅值，产生目标波束。目前没有工作考虑基于全息多址接入的信道估计方法。Fortunately, with the rapid development of metamaterials, the emergence of ultrathin and lightweight holographic antennas provides a promising solution to overcome the shortcomings of phased arrays. The holographic antenna is composed of many metamaterial radiating units compactly arranged. According to the effective medium theory, the unit spacing is not greater than a quarter wavelength. The feed source of the holographic antenna is embedded in the bottom of the waveguide to generate electromagnetic waves. They are also called reference waves. propagate along the waveguide. The holographic antenna can use metamaterial radiation elements to construct a hologram according to the principle of holographic interference, and record the interference between the target wave and the reference wave pointing to the receiver. In other words, one hologram corresponds to one desired wave direction. When the reference wave excites the hologram, each unit can control the radiation amplitude of the reference wave to generate the target beam. No work currently considers channel estimation methods based on holographic multiple access.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了克服现有的相控阵尺寸过大的问题,本发明提供一种基于全息多址接入的信道估计方法及装置，通过向用户发射导频信号，得到有用数据位置的信道估计结果。In order to overcome the problem that the size of the existing phased array is too large, the present invention provides a channel estimation method and device based on holographic multiple access, which obtains the channel estimation result of useful data positions by transmitting pilot signals to users.
本发明的技术内容包括：Technical contents of the present invention include:
一种基于全息多址接入的信道估计方法，适用于配备全息天线的基站构成的通信***，其步骤包括：A channel estimation method based on holographic multiple access, suitable for a communication system composed of base stations equipped with holographic antennas, the steps include:
1)通过向用户发射导频信号，计算初始信道估计结果；1) Calculate the initial channel estimation result by transmitting the pilot signal to the user;
2)在发送的有用数据中***导频信号的导频符号，结合初始信道估计结果，得到导频位置的信道估计结果；2) Insert the pilot symbol of the pilot signal into the useful data sent, and combine the initial channel estimation result to obtain the channel estimation result of the pilot position;
3)利用导频位置的信道估计结果，通过内插得到有用数据位置的信道估计结果。3) Using the channel estimation result of the pilot position, the channel estimation result of the useful data position is obtained through interpolation.
进一步地，导频信号包括：已知的训练序列。Further, the pilot signal includes: a known training sequence.
进一步地，通过以下步骤计算初始信道估计结果：Further, the initial channel estimation result is calculated by the following steps:
1)生成用户接收信号的表达式Y＝HMX+N，其中Y表示用户接收信号，H表示全息天线到用户之间的信道，M表示全息图案，X表示导频信号，N表示环境噪声；1) Generate the expression Y=HMX+N of the user received signal, where Y represents the user received signal, H represents the channel between the holographic antenna and the user, M represents the holographic pattern, X represents the pilot signal, and N represents the environmental noise;
2)基于用户接收信号的表达式，使用最小二乘法估计，得到初始信道估计结果。2) Based on the expression of the user's received signal, the least square method is used to estimate, and the initial channel estimation result is obtained.
进一步地，通过以下步骤获取全息图案M：Further, the holographic pattern M is acquired through the following steps:
1)利用导频信号的目标波相位与参考波相位，生成每个辐射单元的辐射振幅M i,j； 1) Using the target wave phase and the reference wave phase of the pilot signal to generate the radiation amplitude M i,j of each radiation unit;
2)基于各辐射振幅M i,j，生成全息图案M。 2) Based on the respective radiation amplitudes M i,j , a holographic pattern M is generated.
一种无线通信服务方法，其步骤包括：A wireless communication service method, the steps comprising:
1)利用上述任一方法获取待发射信号的信道估计结果；1) Using any of the above methods to obtain the channel estimation result of the signal to be transmitted;
2)基于待发射信号的信道估计结果，对待发射信号进行数字波束成形；2) Based on the channel estimation result of the signal to be transmitted, digital beamforming is performed on the signal to be transmitted;
3)将数字波束成形后的待发射信号上变频到载波频段后，从馈源打出；3) Up-convert the signal to be transmitted after digital beamforming to the carrier frequency band, and send it out from the feed source;
4)基于待发射信号的信道估计结果，利用各个辐射单元对馈源打出的电磁波进行全息波束成形；4) Based on the channel estimation result of the signal to be transmitted, each radiation unit is used to perform holographic beamforming on the electromagnetic waves emitted by the feed source;
5)发射全息波束成形后的电磁波，以使相应用户获取信号。5) Transmitting electromagnetic waves after holographic beamforming, so that corresponding users can obtain signals.
一种存储介质，所述存储介质中存储有计算机程序，其中，所述计算机程序被设置为运行时执行以上所述方法。A storage medium, in which a computer program is stored, wherein the computer program is configured to execute the above method when running.
一种电子装置，包括存储器和处理器，其中存储器存储执行以上所述方法的程序。An electronic device includes a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a program for executing the method described above.
本发明的有益效果是：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
(1)相比于传统的碟形天线体积大、笨重、后期维修费用高昂，全息天线尺寸小，制造使用PCB技术使其结构紧凑而轻薄，制造成本大大降低，易于直接安装在发射装置上。(1) Compared with the traditional dish antenna, which is bulky, heavy, and expensive to maintain later, the holographic antenna is small in size, and the PCB technology is used to make it compact and thin, the manufacturing cost is greatly reduced, and it is easy to install directly on the transmitter.
(2)全息天线功耗低，硬件成本低：传统天线依赖于大量的移相器控制每根天线中电磁波的相位，同时还需要大量功率放大器，因此，传统天线需要复杂的移相电路，且功率损耗大，硬件成本高。相比之下，全息天线则不需要移相器以及复杂的移相电路，通过调幅的方式完成波束控制，因此用全息天线进行无线通信功耗及硬件成本都很低。(2) Holographic antennas have low power consumption and low hardware cost: traditional antennas rely on a large number of phase shifters to control the phase of electromagnetic waves in each antenna, and also require a large number of power amplifiers. Therefore, traditional antennas require complex phase shifting circuits, and The power loss is large, and the hardware cost is high. In contrast, holographic antennas do not require phase shifters and complex phase shifting circuits, and beam control is accomplished through amplitude modulation, so the power consumption and hardware cost of wireless communication with holographic antennas are very low.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是全息天线示意图。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a holographic antenna.
图2是混合波束成形设计框架。Figure 2 is a hybrid beamforming design framework.
图3是信道估计方法流程图。Fig. 3 is a flowchart of a channel estimation method.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合本发明实施方式，对本发明实施方式中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施方式仅仅是本发明特定实施方式，而不是全部的实施方式。基于本发明中的实施方式，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施方式，都属于本发明保护的范围。The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only specific embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the implementation manners in the present invention, all other implementation manners obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.
1.全息天线1. Holographic antenna
如图1所示，全息天线是由馈源，波导，超材料辐射单元构成的一种新型天线。馈源嵌于天线底部发出携带发射信号的电磁波(也称作参考波)，电磁波直接打入波导上并沿着波导进行传播，超表面利用超材料辐射单元的辐射振幅构建全息图案，当携带发射信号的参考波激励可重构全息超表面上的全息图案时，每个辐射单元会根据参考波当前的相位控制参考波在该单元处的辐射振幅M i,j(即传输到每一个超材料辐射单元的参考波的能量辐射至自由空间的比例)，从而产生相应的定向目标波束。 As shown in Figure 1, the holographic antenna is a new type of antenna composed of a feed source, a waveguide, and a metamaterial radiation unit. The feed source is embedded in the bottom of the antenna to emit electromagnetic waves (also called reference waves) that carry the transmission signal. The electromagnetic waves are directly injected into the waveguide and propagate along the waveguide. The metasurface uses the radiation amplitude of the metamaterial radiation unit to construct a holographic pattern. When the reference wave of the signal excites the holographic pattern on the reconstructable holographic metasurface, each radiation unit will control the radiation amplitude M i,j of the reference wave at the unit according to the current phase of the reference wave (that is, the radiation amplitude M i,j transmitted to each metamaterial The ratio of the energy of the reference wave of the radiating element radiated to free space), thereby generating a corresponding directional target beam.
2.基于全息多址接入的信道估计方法2. Channel estimation method based on holographic multiple access
考虑一个多用户无线通信***，全息天线向用户发射导频(已知的训练序列)，在用户端进行初始的信道估计。具体为：Consider a multi-user wireless communication system, the holographic antenna transmits pilots (known training sequences) to the users, and the initial channel estimation is performed at the user end. Specifically:
假设收发两端之间的信道用H表示，导频信号用X表示，则用户接收到的信号为：Assuming that the channel between the sending and receiving ends is denoted by H, and the pilot signal is denoted by X, the signal received by the user is:
Y＝HMX+N，Y=HMX+N,
其中N表示环境噪声，M表示全息图案。where N represents the ambient noise and M represents the holographic pattern.
由此，有效信道可以通过最小二乘法估计得到：Thus, the effective channel can be estimated by the least square method:
H e＝YX H(XX H) -1＝H+Z e，  (1) H e = YX H (XX H ) -1 = H+Z e , (1)
其中，Z e＝ZX H(XX H) -1表示有效噪声。 Among them, Z e =ZX H (XX H ) -1 represents effective noise.
如图2所示，当发送有用的信息数据时，利用初始的信道估计结果H e进行一个判决更新，完成实时的信道估计。通过在发送的有用数据中***已知的导频符号，可以得到导频位置的信道估计结果；接着利用导频位置的信道估计结果，通过内插得到有用数据位置的信道估计结果，完成信道估计。 As shown in Figure 2, when useful information data is sent, a decision update is performed using the initial channel estimation result He to complete real-time channel estimation. By inserting known pilot symbols into the transmitted useful data, the channel estimation result of the pilot position can be obtained; then using the channel estimation result of the pilot position, the channel estimation result of the useful data position is obtained by interpolation, and the channel estimation is completed .
3.全息图案3. Holographic pattern
假设全息天线的目标波束方向为
Figure PCTCN2022142289-appb-000001
即目标用户的方向为
Figure PCTCN2022142289-appb-000002
当参考波在某一单元的相位与目标波在该单元的相位相近时，便会辐射出较多的能量至自由空间形成目标波束，而当参考波在某一单元的相位与目标波在该单元的相位相差很多时，便会辐射出较少的能量至自由空间避免形成其他方向的波束。由此，我们可以通过全息天线将波束发射到想要的方 向，即
Figure PCTCN2022142289-appb-000003
从而实现波束成形。具体地，每个超材料辐射单元的辐射振幅应在[0,1]之间，其数学表达为： Suppose the target beam direction of the holographic antenna is
Figure PCTCN2022142289-appb-000001
That is, the direction of the target user is
Figure PCTCN2022142289-appb-000002
When the phase of the reference wave in a certain unit is close to the phase of the target wave in the unit, more energy will be radiated to free space to form the target beam, and when the phase of the reference wave in a certain unit and the phase of the target wave in the When the elements are out of phase by a large amount, less energy is radiated into free space to avoid beam formation in other directions. From this, we can transmit the beam to the desired direction through the holographic antenna, i.e.
Figure PCTCN2022142289-appb-000003
This enables beamforming. Specifically, the radiation amplitude of each metamaterial radiation unit should be between [0,1], and its mathematical expression is:
Figure PCTCN2022142289-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2022142289-appb-000004
其中
Figure PCTCN2022142289-appb-000005
为目标波(即从全息天线辐射出去的电磁波)在自由空间传播的传播矢量，k s为参考波在全息天线表面传播的传播矢量，r i,j第(i,j)个辐射单元的位置矢量；
Figure PCTCN2022142289-appb-000006
为目标波在第(i,j)个辐射单元上的相位，
Figure PCTCN2022142289-appb-000007
为从第k个馈源发出的参考波传播至第(i,j)个辐射单元时的相位。 in
Figure PCTCN2022142289-appb-000005
is the propagation vector of the target wave (that is, the electromagnetic wave radiated from the holographic antenna) propagating in free space, k s is the propagation vector of the reference wave propagating on the surface of the holographic antenna, r i, j the position of the (i, j)th radiation unit vector;
Figure PCTCN2022142289-appb-000006
is the phase of the target wave on the (i, j)th radiation unit,
Figure PCTCN2022142289-appb-000007
is the phase when the reference wave sent from the kth feed propagates to the (i, j)th radiating element.
为向L个用户提供无线通信服务，如图3所示，(1)基站首先向用户发射导频信号，用户根据式(1)进行信道估计，得到待发射信号相应的信道估计(2)根据待发射信号相应的信道估计，基站对待发射信号进行数字波束成形，该数字波束成形可以是但不局限于迫零波束成形；(3)之后通过射频链上变频到载波频段，与全息天线的馈源相连，(4)电磁波从馈源打出后，依次经过各个辐射单元，并基于待发射信号相应的信道估计，进行全息波束成形，即根据全息图案进行全息波束成形。数字波束成形和全息波束成形合起来称为混合波束成形。(5)之后，电磁波从基站处发射，经过信道，到达用户处的天线，(6)经由模拟波束合并进行解码，与射频链相连，得到最终的信号。In order to provide wireless communication services to L users, as shown in Figure 3, (1) the base station first transmits pilot signals to the users, and the users perform channel estimation according to formula (1), and obtain the corresponding channel estimation of the signal to be transmitted (2) according to For channel estimation corresponding to the signal to be transmitted, the base station performs digital beamforming on the signal to be transmitted. The digital beamforming can be but not limited to zero-forcing beamforming; The source is connected, (4) After the electromagnetic wave is emitted from the feed source, it passes through each radiation unit in turn, and based on the corresponding channel estimation of the signal to be transmitted, the holographic beamforming is performed, that is, the holographic beamforming is performed according to the holographic pattern. Together, digital beamforming and holographic beamforming are called hybrid beamforming. (5) After that, the electromagnetic wave is transmitted from the base station, passes through the channel, and reaches the antenna of the user, (6) decodes through analog beam combining, and connects with the radio frequency chain to obtain the final signal.
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施方式而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the scope of the present invention. within the scope of protection.

Claims (7)

  1. 一种基于全息多址接入的信道估计方法，适用于配备全息天线的基站构成的通信***，其步骤包括：A channel estimation method based on holographic multiple access, suitable for a communication system composed of base stations equipped with holographic antennas, the steps include:
    1)通过向用户发射导频信号，计算初始信道估计结果；1) Calculate the initial channel estimation result by transmitting the pilot signal to the user;
    2)在发送的有用数据中***导频信号的导频符号，结合初始信道估计结果，得到导频位置的信道估计结果；2) Insert the pilot symbol of the pilot signal into the useful data sent, and combine the initial channel estimation result to obtain the channel estimation result of the pilot position;
    3)利用导频位置的信道估计结果，通过内插得到有用数据位置的信道估计结果。3) Using the channel estimation result of the pilot position, the channel estimation result of the useful data position is obtained through interpolation.
  2. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，导频信号包括：已知的训练序列。The method of claim 1, wherein the pilot signal comprises: a known training sequence.
  3. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，通过以下步骤计算初始信道估计结果：The method according to claim 1, wherein the initial channel estimation result is calculated by the following steps:
    1)生成用户接收信号的表达式Y＝HMX+N，其中Y表示用户接收信号，H表示全息天线到用户之间的信道，M表示全息图案，X表示导频信号，N表示环境噪声；1) Generate the expression Y=HMX+N of the user received signal, where Y represents the user received signal, H represents the channel between the holographic antenna and the user, M represents the holographic pattern, X represents the pilot signal, and N represents the environmental noise;
    2)基于用户接收信号的表达式，使用最小二乘法估计，得到初始信道估计结果。2) Based on the expression of the user's received signal, the least square method is used to estimate, and the initial channel estimation result is obtained.
  4. 如权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，通过以下步骤获取全息图案M：The method according to claim 3, wherein the holographic pattern M is obtained through the following steps:
    1)利用导频信号的目标波相位与参考波相位，生成每个辐射单元的辐射振幅M i,j； 1) Using the target wave phase and the reference wave phase of the pilot signal to generate the radiation amplitude M i,j of each radiation unit;
    2)基于各辐射振幅M i,j，生成全息图案M。 2) Based on the respective radiation amplitudes M i,j , a holographic pattern M is generated.
  5. 一种无线通信服务方法，其步骤包括：A wireless communication service method, the steps comprising:
    1)利用权利要求1-4中任一方法获取待发射信号的信道估计结果；1) using any method in claims 1-4 to obtain the channel estimation result of the signal to be transmitted;
    2)基于待发射信号的信道估计结果，对待发射信号进行数字波束成形；2) Based on the channel estimation result of the signal to be transmitted, digital beamforming is performed on the signal to be transmitted;
    3)将数字波束成形后的待发射信号上变频到载波频段后，从馈源打出；3) Up-convert the signal to be transmitted after digital beamforming to the carrier frequency band, and send it out from the feed source;
    4)基于待发射信号的信道估计结果，利用各个辐射单元对馈源打出的电磁波进行全息波束成形；4) Based on the channel estimation result of the signal to be transmitted, each radiation unit is used to perform holographic beamforming on the electromagnetic waves emitted by the feed source;
    5)发射全息波束成形后的电磁波，以使相应用户获取信号。5) Transmitting electromagnetic waves after holographic beamforming, so that corresponding users can obtain signals.
  6. 一种存储介质，所述存储介质中存储有计算机程序，其中，所述计算机程序被设置为运行时执行权利要求1-5中任一所述方法。A storage medium, wherein a computer program is stored in the storage medium, wherein the computer program is configured to execute the method according to any one of claims 1-5 when running.
  7. 一种电子装置，包括存储器和处理器，所述存储器中存储有计算机程序，所述处理器被设置为运行所述计算机程序以执行如权利要求1-5中任一所述方法。An electronic device, comprising a memory and a processor, wherein a computer program is stored in the memory, and the processor is configured to run the computer program to perform the method according to any one of claims 1-5.
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