WO2023164997A1 - 端盖组件、电池单体、电池及用电装置 - Google Patents

端盖组件、电池单体、电池及用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023164997A1
WO2023164997A1 PCT/CN2022/087466 CN2022087466W WO2023164997A1 WO 2023164997 A1 WO2023164997 A1 WO 2023164997A1 CN 2022087466 W CN2022087466 W CN 2022087466W WO 2023164997 A1 WO2023164997 A1 WO 2023164997A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
end cover
pressure relief
support
end cap
support member
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/087466
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杜香龙
金义矿
许虎
牛少军
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to EP22929435.0A priority Critical patent/EP4391214A1/en
Priority to CN202280027219.3A priority patent/CN117178428A/zh
Publication of WO2023164997A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023164997A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/148—Lids or covers characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/152—Lids or covers characterised by their shape for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/584—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries
    • H01M50/59—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries characterised by the protection means
    • H01M50/597—Protection against reversal of polarity
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, in particular to an end cover assembly, a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device.
  • a pressure relief structure is usually provided on the end cap, and a pressure relief hole is provided on the current collecting member, and the gas generated by the electrode assembly or the liquid in the battery cell is released through the pressure relief.
  • the holes discharge to the pressure relief structure, and when the internal pressure of the housing reaches the pressure threshold, the pressure relief structure is pushed open for pressure relief.
  • the existing battery cells have the problem that the pressure relief hole is easily blocked when the heat fails, so that the pressure relief structure cannot be opened in time, which poses a great safety hazard.
  • the present application provides an end cover assembly, a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device.
  • the present application provides an end cover assembly for a battery cell.
  • the end cover assembly includes an end cover and a current collecting member.
  • the end cover is provided with a pressure relief structure. or when the pressure reaches a threshold to release heat or pressure.
  • the current collecting member is located on the side of the end cover facing the inside of the battery cell, and includes a current collecting part and an assembly part.
  • the assembly part is located between the end cover and the current collecting part and is used to connect the end cover and the current collecting part. Has a pressure relief hole to allow fluid passage.
  • a first support piece and a second support piece are respectively provided on the two sides of the end cover and the header facing each other, and the projections of the first support piece and the second support piece in the thickness direction of the end cover intersect to maintain There is always a pressure relief space between the end cover and the header for fluid to flow from the pressure relief hole to the pressure relief structure.
  • the projection of the pressure relief hole and the projection of the pressure relief structure are staggered. This design is to prevent the tab from passing through the pressure relief hole and coming into contact with the end cap to cause electric leakage.
  • the projection of the first support member and the projection of the pressure relief structure do not intersect. In this way, it is possible to prevent the first support member from obstructing the flow of fluid to the pressure relief port, which facilitates rapid pressure relief, and has a simple structure.
  • first support members there are at least two first support members, and all the first support members are arranged at intervals around the pressure relief structure. At this time, all the first support members surround the pressure relief port where the pressure relief structure is located and are spaced apart from each other, and can effectively support with the second support members around the pressure relief port to realize efficient pressure relief.
  • the projections of all the first support members are within the projection range of the second support members. At this time, the first supporting part can be fully supported on the second supporting part, and the supporting area is large and the supporting effect is good.
  • the projection of the second support member and the projection of the pressure relief structure intersect. This not only more reliably reduces the possibility of deformation of the header corresponding to the pressure relief mechanism under high temperature and high pressure, but also has a simpler structure and saves material.
  • the first support is configured to be insulated from the current collector. In this way, at least in a normal state, the current on the current collecting portion is conducted to the end cap to avoid electric leakage.
  • the end cap assembly further includes a first insulator fitted to the end cap with at least a portion of the first insulator positioned between the current collecting member and the end cap to insulate the end cap from the current collecting member . In this way, the end cap can be insulated from the current collecting member, and electric leakage of the end cap can be avoided.
  • an escape portion is provided on the first insulating member at a position corresponding to the first support member, and the avoidance portion cooperates with the first support member to accommodate the first support member.
  • the insulation of the first insulating member itself can be used to insulate the first support member and the current collector.
  • the first support member can be made of the same material as the end cover, and the connection between the first support member and the end cover can be more reliable and easy way.
  • the escape portion is a first recess formed on the surface of the first insulating member facing the end cap and recessed in a direction away from the end cap, and the first support member is concave-convexly matched with the first recess, so that the first support The component is accommodated in the first recess, and the end of the first recess away from the end cover is closed to insulate and isolate the first support member from the current collecting portion. In this way, it can be avoided that the current collecting portion conducts electricity with the first support member in a normal state.
  • the escape portion is a through hole penetrating through the first insulating member in a thickness direction of the first insulating member, and the first supporting member is inserted into the through hole. At this time, the through hole can avoid the first supporting part, and the thickness of the first insulating part can be reduced.
  • the height of the first support is smaller than the depth of the through hole, so that after the first support is inserted into the through hole, the first support does not contact the header.
  • the first insulator In the thermal failure state, due to the high internal temperature of the battery cell, the first insulator is melted, but in the normal state, the first insulator will not be melted, so the first support is accommodated in the through hole and does not protrude.
  • the first insulating member can be used to insulate the first support member and the current collecting portion, and the structure is simple and the cost is low.
  • the first support is provided on the surface of the end cover facing the inside of the battery cell, the first support is a cylindrical boss, the second support is provided on the surface of the collector facing the end cover, and the second support
  • the part is a projection, and in the thickness direction of the end cover, the projection of the projection is located within the projection of the projection, and the projection of the projection intersects the projection of the pressure relief structure.
  • the first supporting member and the second supporting member have a simple structure and are easy to manufacture.
  • the assembly part includes a connected assembly section and a folded section.
  • the assembly end is insulated and connected to the end cover. Bend at the top and place the header on the side of the assembly end facing away from the end cap.
  • the current collecting member can be straightened and stretched first to weld the pole and the assembly section, and then the folded section is bent to form a pressure relief gap, which is more convenient for welding the pole and the assembly section.
  • the present application provides a battery cell, which includes the end cap assembly in the above embodiment.
  • the present application provides a battery, which includes the battery cell in the above embodiment.
  • the present application provides an electric device, which includes the battery in the above embodiment, and the battery is used to provide electric energy.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an end cap assembly in an embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 2 is an exploded view of the end cap assembly shown in Fig. 1 before assembly;
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a current collecting member in the end cap assembly shown in Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of an end cap in the end cap assembly shown in Fig. 2;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery cell in an embodiment of the present application.
  • 1000 battery cell; 100, end cover assembly; 10, end cover; 11, first support member; 12, pressure relief port; 20, current collecting member; 21, assembly part; 21a, assembly section; 21b, folding Section; 22, collecting part; 22a, pressure relief hole; 22b, second support member; 30, pressure relief structure; 40, first insulator; 41, avoidance part; 50, second insulator; 60, pole; 70 , a seal; 80, a riveting piece; 200, a shell; 300, an electrode assembly; 510, a first ear glue; 520, a second ear glue.
  • multiple refers to more than two (including two), similarly, “multiple groups” refers to more than two groups (including two), and “multiple pieces” refers to More than two pieces (including two pieces).
  • the current collecting member inside the battery cell is provided with a pressure relief hole
  • the end cap is provided with a pressure relief structure.
  • the pressure relief hole and the pressure relief structure are generally arranged in a staggered manner. For this reason, it is necessary to ensure that a gap for the fluid to flow through the pressure relief hole to the pressure relief structure is formed between the collecting plate of the current collecting member where the pressure relief hole is located and the end cover.
  • the strength of the collector and the end cover can be locally strengthened and the pressure relief space can be constructed.
  • a support structure is provided between the header and the end cover, even under thermal failure, the two can always be spaced apart by the support structure, so as to maintain a space between the two for the fluid to flow from the pressure relief hole to the pressure relief structure. Pressure relief space.
  • the inventor has conducted in-depth research and designed an end cover assembly.
  • the first support and the second support are respectively arranged on the end cover and the header.
  • the projections of the first support and the second support in the thickness direction of the end cover intersect to ensure that there is always a gap between the end cover and the header.
  • the pressure relief structure and pressure relief holes will not be blocked, ensuring smooth pressure relief.
  • the present application provides an end cover assembly, a battery cell, a battery and an electric device.
  • the battery includes a plurality of battery cells and a case disposed outside the battery cells.
  • Electrical devices can be vehicles, mobile phones, portable devices, laptops, ships, spacecraft, electric toys and power tools, etc.
  • Vehicles can be fuel vehicles, gas vehicles or new energy vehicles, and new energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles or extended-range vehicles; spacecraft include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles and spacecraft, etc.; electric toys include fixed Type or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric boat toys and electric airplane toys, etc.; electric tools include metal cutting electric tools, grinding electric tools, assembly electric tools and railway electric tools, for example, Electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, electric planers, and more.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not impose special limitations on the above electric equipment.
  • a battery cell generally includes a casing, an electrode assembly, a pole, a current collecting member, and the like.
  • the electrode assembly is arranged inside the casing and is electrically connected to the pole through the current collecting member.
  • the pole is exposed outside the housing and is used for electrical connection with an external circuit. Electrolyte is injected into the casing and enters between the pole pieces of the electrode assembly, and electrochemically reacts with the active material on the pole pieces to generate a charging and discharging process.
  • the battery cells may include lithium-ion secondary batteries, lithium-ion primary batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, sodium-lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, or magnesium-ion batteries, which are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell can be in the form of a cylinder, a flat body, a cuboid or other shapes, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • Battery cells are generally divided into three types according to packaging methods: cylindrical battery cells, square battery cells and pouch battery cells, which are not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • a battery generally includes a case and a battery cell.
  • the box body defines an accommodating chamber for accommodating the battery cells, and there may be one or more battery cells. If there are multiple battery cells, the multiple battery cells can be connected in series, in parallel or in parallel.
  • the hybrid connection means that there are both series and parallel connections among the multiple battery cells.
  • a plurality of battery cells can be connected in series, in parallel or in combination to form a whole, and accommodated in the box. It can also be that all the battery cells are directly connected in series or in parallel or mixed together, and then the whole of all the battery cells is accommodated in the box to realize the assembly of the battery cells and the box.
  • the end cap assembly 100 provided according to some embodiments of the present application is used for a battery cell 1000.
  • the pressure relief structure 30 is used to act when the heat or pressure inside the battery cell 1000 reaches a threshold value, so as to release the heat or pressure.
  • the current collecting member 20 is located on the side of the end cover 10 facing the inside of the battery cell 1000 , and includes a current collecting part 22 and an assembly part 21 , the assembly part 21 is located between the end cover 10 and the current collecting part 22 and is used to connect the end cover 10 And the collecting portion 22, the collecting portion 22 has a pressure relief hole 22a allowing fluid to pass through.
  • a first support 11 and a second support 22b are respectively provided on the two sides of the end cover 10 and the header 22 facing each other, and the first support 11 and the second support 22b are arranged in the thickness direction of the end cover 10
  • the projections above are intersected so that there is always a pressure relief space between the end cover 10 and the header 22 for the fluid to flow from the pressure relief hole 22a to the pressure relief structure 30 .
  • the end cap 10 is configured such that the inside of the battery cell 1000 is located on one side in the thickness direction thereof.
  • the current collecting part 22 is used to connect with the tab of the electrode assembly 300 inside the battery cell 1000 (specifically, it can be welded), and the assembly part 21 is connected to one end of the pole 60 of the battery cell 1000, and is connected via
  • the pole 60 is insulated and connected to the end cap 10 , and the current generated by the electrode assembly 300 is conducted to the pole 60 through the tab and the current collecting member 20 .
  • a mounting hole is provided on the end cover 10, and the pole 60 is welded to the assembly part 21 and exposed to the outside of the battery cell 1000 through the mounting hole. It can be insulated from the end cover 10 to avoid leakage of the end cover 10.
  • the pressure relief structure 30 is sealed at the pressure relief port 12.
  • the fluid reaches the pressure relief port 12 after passing through the pressure relief hole 22a, and finally the pressure or When the heat reaches a threshold value, the pressure relief structure 30 opens to discharge the high-pressure fluid inside the battery cell 1000 to the outside of the battery cell 1000 .
  • the pressure relief structure 30 may be, but not limited to, a weakened portion (such as a pressure relief sheet) formed with scoring grooves.
  • the current collecting portion 22 is generally arranged in a thin sheet structure. Further, the welding area of the current collecting part 22 is welded to the tab of the electrode assembly 300, and one end of the current collecting part 22 is connected to the assembly part 21, and the opposite end is a free end (not connected to any parts), and the pressure relief hole 22a Without interfering with the welded area of the header 22, the pressure relief hole 22a is located near the free end (of course, the form of the header member 20 is not limited thereto).
  • a certain gap is designed between the collecting part 22 and the end cover 10, and the pressure relief structure 30 and the pressure relief hole 22a are staggered (that is, the projections of the pressure relief structure 30 and the pressure relief hole 22a in the thickness direction do not coincide).
  • the gap between the collecting portion 22 and the end cover 10 allows the fluid inside the battery cell 1000 to flow to the pressure relief structure 30 through the pressure relief hole 22 a.
  • the fluid may be gas generated inside the battery cell 1000 , or liquid leakage such as electrolyte. Since the current collecting part 22 is relatively thin, when the heat or pressure inside the battery cell 1000 is high, the free end of the current collecting part 22 is easily deformed toward the end cap 10 relative to the welding area.
  • the projections of the first support member 11 and the second support member 22b in the thickness direction of the end cover 10 intersect, that is to say, the orthographic projections of the two in a plane perpendicular to the thickness direction of the end cover 10 intersect (ie at least partially coincide).
  • Both the first support member 11 and the second support member 22b can be integrally formed or fixed (eg, fixed by welding or fasteners) with the end cover 10 and the header 22 respectively.
  • the first supporting member 11 and the second supporting member 22b can respectively be structural forms such as supporting bosses, supporting bosses, supporting sheets, reinforcing ribs, and local thickened structures, which are not specifically described in this application. limited.
  • the first supporting member 11 and the second supporting member 22 b may always be in an abutting state, or they may only abut when the free end of the collector portion 22 is deformed toward the end cover 10 . That is to say, the first support 11 and the second support 22b can be offset or spaced apart when the battery cell 1000 is in a normal state, the specific form is not limited, as long as the first support 11 and the second support 22b can In the failure state, it can be offset, and there is always a pressure relief space between the collecting portion 22 and the end cover 10 .
  • the above-mentioned end cover assembly 100 is applied to the battery cell 1000.
  • the battery cell 1000 fails thermally and the internal pressure or heat rises, since the first support member 11 and the second support member 22b can be offset, the current collector 22 and the terminal A certain pressure relief space is always maintained between the covers 10, and the fluid inside the battery cell 1000 (including the generated gas and electrolyte and other discharge substances) flows to the pressure relief structure 30 through the pressure relief hole 22a, when the pressure in the pressure relief space
  • the pressure relief structure 30 acts and connects the inside and outside of the battery cell 1000 to release the pressure smoothly, avoiding the problem that the battery explodes due to excessive internal pressure due to the inability to release the pressure.
  • the projection of the pressure relief hole 22 a and the projection of the pressure relief structure 30 do not intersect.
  • the end cover 10 is usually a conductive aluminum cover, copper cover and other components, and an insulator is provided on the side of the end cover 10 facing the inside of the battery cell 1000, and the insulator is located between the current collecting member 20 and the end cover 10.
  • the current collecting member 20 and the end cover 10 are insulated between them, and an exposure hole is provided at a position corresponding to the pressure relief structure 30 of the insulation to facilitate pressure relief.
  • the lug connecting the header 22 can easily pass through the pressure relief hole 22a and the exposure hole to contact the end cover 10 .
  • the pressure relief hole 22a and the pressure relief structure 30 are staggered, even if the lug passes through the pressure relief hole 22a, it will only contact the insulator but not the end cover 10, thereby preventing the end cover 10 from being charged and corroded.
  • the projection of the pressure relief hole 22 a and the projection of the pressure relief structure 30 may also intersect.
  • the end cap 10 itself has insulation, or when the surface of the end cap 10 corresponding to the pressure relief structure 30 is provided with an insulating coating, the leakage caused by the tab contacting the end cap 10 can be avoided.
  • the projection of the first support member 11 and the projection of the pressure relief structure 30 are staggered.
  • the orthographic projection of the first support member 11 does not coincide with the orthographic projection of the pressure relief structure 30 .
  • the first support member 11 can prevent the fluid from flowing to the pressure relief port 12, and at the same time, it will not affect the opening of the pressure relief structure 30, which is conducive to rapid pressure relief and has a simple structure.
  • the projection of the first support member 11 and the projection of the pressure relief structure 30 may also intersect, as long as the first support member 11 does not hinder the pressure relief.
  • the first support member 11 is set in a concave shape
  • the pressure relief structure 30 is located at the opening of the concave shape
  • the first support member 11 communicates with the pressure relief port 12 where the pressure relief structure 30 is located and the pressure relief space.
  • first support members 11 there are at least two first support members 11 , and all the first support members 11 are arranged at intervals around the pressure relief structure 30 .
  • all the first support members 11 surround the pressure relief port 12 where the pressure relief structure 30 is located and are spaced apart from each other, and can effectively support the second support member 22b around the pressure relief port 12 to realize efficient pressure relief.
  • there are two first support members 11 which have low cost and good support effect.
  • the projections of all the first support members 11 are located within the projection range of the second support member 22b.
  • the orthographic projections of all the first supports 11 are all located within the range of the orthographic projections of the second support 22b, including that the range of the orthographic projections of all the first supports 11 is less than
  • the range of the orthographic projection of the second support 22b, including the range of the orthographic projection of all the first supports 11, is equal to the range of the orthographic projection of the second support 22b.
  • the first supporting member 11 can be fully supported on the second supporting member 22b, with a large supporting area and good supporting effect.
  • the projection of the second support member 22 b and the projection of the pressure relief structure 30 intersect.
  • first supports 11 are arranged around the pressure relief structure 30, for example, two first supports 11, when the projection of the second support 22b intersects the projection of the pressure relief structure 30, the second support 22b can move from the first
  • the position corresponding to the support member 11 extends linearly to the position corresponding to the other first support member 11, which is not only more reliable but The possibility of deformation of the header corresponding to the pressure relief mechanism under high temperature and high pressure is reduced, and the structure is simple and more material-saving.
  • the exposed hole on the insulating member is larger than the size of the second supporting member 22b, etc., so as to prevent the second supporting member 22b from blocking the exposed hole on the insulating member and affecting the pressure release.
  • the first support 11 is configured to be insulated from the current collecting portion 22 .
  • the way to insulate the first support member 11 from the current collecting portion 22 is that the second support member 22b is an insulating member, or an insulating structure (such as the first insulating member 40 below) is provided between the first support member 11 and the current collecting portion 22 , or the first supporting member 11 is an insulating member, the specific manner is not limited.
  • the first support member 11 is insulated from the current collecting portion 22 , at least in a normal state, the current on the current collecting portion 22 is conducted to the end cover 10 to avoid electric leakage.
  • the end cap assembly 100 further includes a first insulator 40 , the first insulator 40 is assembled on the end cap 10 , and at least part of the first insulator 40 is positioned on the current collector. Between the member 20 and the end cover 10, so that the end cover 10 and the current collecting member 20 are insulated. In this way, the end cap 10 can be insulated from the current collecting member 20 to avoid electric leakage of the end cap 10 .
  • the first insulating member 40 may be, but not limited to, be made of plastic. It can be understood that the first insulating member 40 has a structure exposing the pressure relief port 12 , such as an exposing hole or the like.
  • an avoidance portion 41 is provided on the first insulating member 40 at a position corresponding to the first support member 11 , and the avoidance portion 41 cooperates with the first support member 11 to accommodate the first support member. piece 11.
  • the insulation of the first insulating member 40 itself can be used to insulate the first support member 11 and the current collecting portion 22, and the first support member 11 can be used in conjunction with the end cap. 10 are made of the same material (such as aluminum or copper), the connection between the first support member 11 and the end cover 10 can be in a more reliable and simple way (such as welding).
  • the escape portion 41 is a first recess formed on the surface of the first insulating member 40 facing the end cap 10 and recessed in a direction away from the end cap, the first support member 11 and the first recess are concavo-convex Matching, so that the first support member 11 is accommodated in the first recess, and the end of the first recess away from the end cover 10 is closed to insulate and isolate the first support member 11 and the current collecting portion 22 .
  • the first recess may be a structure such as a groove, a blind hole, or the like.
  • the escape portion 41 is a through hole penetrating through the first insulating member 40 in the thickness direction of the first insulating member 40 , and the first supporting member 11 is inserted into the through hole.
  • the thickness direction of the first insulating member 40 is parallel to the thickness direction of the end cover 10 .
  • the through hole can avoid the first support member 11, and the thickness of the first insulating member 40 can be reduced.
  • the first support member 11 can be used as an insulating member. , or one end of the first support member 11 facing the current collecting portion 22 is provided with an insulating layer or the like.
  • the height of the first support member 11 is smaller than the depth of the through hole, so that after the first support member 11 is inserted into the through hole, the first support member 11 does not In contact with the header 22.
  • the first insulating member 40 In the thermal failure state, due to the high internal temperature of the battery cell 1000, the first insulating member 40 is melted, but in the normal state, the first insulating member 40 will not be melted, so the first supporting member 11 is accommodated in the through hole. Instead of protruding through the hole, the first insulating member 40 can be used to insulate the first support member 11 and the current collecting portion 22 , which has a simple structure and low cost.
  • the first support member 11 is arranged on the surface of the end cover 10 facing the inside of the battery cell 1000 , the first support member 11 is a cylindrical boss, and the second support member 22b is arranged on the collector portion 22 Facing the surface of the end cover 10 , the second supporting member is a projection.
  • the projection of the projection is located within the projection of the projection, and the projection of the projection intersects the projection of the pressure relief structure.
  • the first supporting member 11 and the second supporting member 22b have a simple structure and are easy to manufacture.
  • the protrusion may be a reinforcing rib integrally formed with the collecting portion 22, that is to say, the collecting portion is partially thickened to serve as the second support member 22b.
  • the protrusions may also not be integrally formed with the collecting part, but connected to the collecting part 22 by means of welding, bonding or riveting.
  • the assembly part 21 includes a connected assembly section 21a and a folded section 21b, the assembly section 21a is insulated and connected to the end cover 10, and the two ends of the folded section 21b are respectively connected to the assembly Segment 21a and header 22 , and the two ends thereof are respectively bent relative to assembly segment 21a and header 22 , and the header 22 is located on the side of the assembly end away from end cover 10 .
  • the assembly part 21 is composed of the assembly end and the folded section 21b.
  • the folded section 21b can be used to form a pressure-relief gap between the collector part 22 and the end cover 10, and the folded section 21b is used to connect the assembled section 21a.
  • the current collecting part 22 in actual operation, the current collecting member 20 can be straightened and stretched to weld the pole 60 and the assembly section 21a, and then the folded section 21b is bent to form a pressure relief gap, which is more convenient for welding the pole 60 with assembly section 21a.
  • the thickness of the second support member 22b ranges from 0.2mm to 0.5mm, so as not to affect the normal state.
  • the pressure relief space between the lower header 22 and the end cover 10 is capable of pressure relief.
  • the thickness range of the second supporting member 22b is 0.3mm.
  • the end cover assembly 100 further includes a second insulating member 50 , a riveting member 80 , a pole 60 and a sealing member 70 , and the second insulating member 50 is arranged on the end cover 10
  • the riveting part 80 is located on the side of the second insulator 50 away from the end cover 10, the two ends of the pole 60 are welded to connect the riveting part 80 and the assembly part 21, and the pole 60 is penetrated
  • the end cover 10 is sealed and insulated connected with the end cover 10 via the sealing member 70 .
  • the end cover assembly 100 includes an end cover 10, a current collecting member 20, a boss (as a first support 11) and a rib (as a second support 22 b ), the end cover 10 is provided with a pressure relief structure 30 , and the current collecting member 20 is located on the side of the end cover 10 facing the inside of the battery cell 1000 .
  • the collecting member 20 includes a collecting part 22 and an assembly part 21 connected between the end cover 10 and the collecting part 22, and the collecting part 22 has a pressure relief hole 22a for circulating fluid.
  • the bosses and reinforcing ribs are respectively provided on the two sides of the end cap 10 and the collector portion 22 facing each other, and the projections of the two on the thickness direction of the end cap 10 intersect.
  • the projection of the pressure relief hole 22 a and the projection of the pressure relief structure 30 are staggered.
  • the specific assembly process of the end cap assembly 100 is as follows:
  • a riveting member 80 is provided on the second insulating member 50 , and the part of the pole 60 protruding from the second insulating member 50 is riveted on the riveting member 80 .
  • a battery cell 1000 including a casing 200, an electrode assembly 300, and the end cap assembly 100 described in any of the above embodiments
  • the casing 200 has an opening
  • the electrode assembly 300 is accommodated in the casing 200 and connected to the side of the header 22 away from the end cover 10 , the end cover assembly 100 covers the opening.
  • the casing 200 has two openings, and the end cap assembly 100 is provided at the two openings to close the casing 200 and protect the electrode assembly 300 assembled in the casing 200 .
  • the opposite ends of the electrode assembly 300 form a first tab and a second tab, and are connected to the current collectors 22 of the two end cap assemblies 100 respectively.
  • a first lug glue 510 and a second lug glue 520 are also arranged around the first lug and the second lug to insulate the lug from the housing 200 .
  • Another aspect of the present application provides a battery, including a box body and the battery cell 1000 described in any solution above, and the battery cell 1000 is assembled in the box body.
  • the battery cells are cylindrical battery cells.
  • Another aspect of the present application provides an electric device, including the battery described in any of the above solutions, and the battery is used to provide electric energy.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)
  • Gas Exhaust Devices For Batteries (AREA)

Abstract

本申请涉及一种端盖组件(100)、电池单体(1000)、电池及用电装置，包括端盖(10)和集流构件(20)，端盖(10)设有泄压结构(30)。集流构件(20)位于端盖(10)朝向电池单体(1000)内部的一侧，包括集流部(22)和装配部(21)，装配部(21)位于端盖(10)和集流部(22)之间，且用于连接于端盖(10)和集流部(22)，集流部(22)上具有允许流体通过的泄压孔(22a)。其中，在端盖(10)和集流部(22)相互面向的两侧面上分别设有第一支撑件(11)和第二支撑件(22b)，第一支撑件(11)和第二支撑件(22b)在端盖(10)的厚度方向上的投影相交，以保持端盖(10)和集流部(22)之间始终具有供流体从泄压孔(22a)流向泄压结构(30)的泄压空间。

Description

端盖组件、电池单体、电池及用电装置
交叉引用
本申请引用于2022年03月03日递交的名称为“端盖组件、电池单体、电池及用电装置”的第202220469004.4号中国专利申请，其通过引用被全部并入本申请。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，特别是涉及一种端盖组件、电池单体、电池及用电装置。
背景技术
随着新能源电池的不断应用和发展，人们对新能源电池的安全性能要求也越来越高。
相关技术中，为了提高电池单体的安全性能，通常会在端盖上设置泄压结构，同时在集流构件上设置有泄压孔，电极组件产生的气体或电池单体内的液体经由泄压孔排向泄压结构，当壳体内部压力达到压力阈值时，泄压结构被顶开以泄压。然而，现有电池单体在热失效时存在泄压孔容易堵塞导致泄压结构无法及时打开的问题，具有很大的安全隐患。
发明内容
鉴于此，本申请提供了一种端盖组件、电池单体、电池及用电装置。
第一方面，本申请提供了一种端盖组件，用于电池单体，端盖组件包括端盖和集流构件，端盖设有泄压结构，泄压结构用于当电池单体内部热量或压力达到阈值时动作，以释放热量或压力。集流构件位于端盖朝向电池单体内部的一侧，包括集流部和装配部，装配部位于端盖和集流部之间，且用于连接端盖和集流部，集流部上具有允许流体通过的泄压孔。其中，在端盖和集流部相互面向的两侧面上分别设有第一支撑件和第二支撑件，第一支撑件和第二支撑件在端盖的厚度方向上的投影相交，以保持端盖和集流部之间始终具有供流体从泄压孔流向泄压结构的泄压空间。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，当电池单体热失效而内部压力和热量飙升时，由于第一支撑件和第二支撑件能够相抵使得集流部和端盖之间始终保持一定的泄压空间，电池单体内部的流体经泄压孔流向泄压结构，当泄压空间内的压力和热量达到阈值时，泄压结构动作并连通电池单体的内外部而顺利泄压，避免了电池因无法泄压而内部压力过大而***的问题。
在一些实施例中，在端盖的厚度方向上，泄压孔的投影和泄压结构的投影相错开。如此设计是为了避免极耳穿过泄压孔而与端盖接触导致漏电。
在一些实施例中，在端盖的厚度方向上，第一支撑件的投影和泄压结构的投影不相交。 如此，可避免第一支撑件阻碍流体流向泄压口，有助于快速泄压，且结构简单。
在一些实施例中，第一支撑件的数量至少为两个，且全部第一支撑件环绕泄压结构间隔设置。此时，全部第一支撑件环绕泄压结构所在的泄压口且相互间隔，可以与第二支撑件在泄压口的周围进行有效支撑，实现高效泄压。
在一些实施例中，在端盖的厚度方向上，全部第一支撑件的投影位于第二支撑件的投影范围内。此时，第一支撑件能够全面支撑在第二支撑件上，支撑面积大且支撑效果好。
在一些实施例中，在端盖的厚度方向上，第二支撑件的投影和泄压结构的投影相交。如此不仅更可靠地降低泄压机构对应的集流部在高温高压下变形的可能性，而且结构简单且更加省材。
在一些实施例中，第一支撑件被配置为与集流部绝缘。如此可以避免至少在正常状态下，集流部上的电流传导至端盖而漏电。
在一些实施例中，端盖组件还包括第一绝缘件，第一绝缘件装配于端盖且至少部分第一绝缘件位于集流构件与端盖之间，以使端盖和集流构件绝缘。如此，可使得端盖与集流构件绝缘，避免端盖漏电。
在一些实施例中，第一绝缘件上与第一支撑件对应的位置设有避让部，避让部与第一支撑件配合，以容纳第一支撑件。如此可利用第一绝缘件本身的绝缘性来绝缘第一支撑件和集流部，第一支撑件可以采取与端盖相同的材质，第一支撑件与端盖的连接可采取更为牢靠且简单的方式。
在一些实施例中，避让部为形成于第一绝缘件朝向端盖的表面并沿远离端盖的方向凹陷的的第一凹部，第一支撑件与第一凹部凹凸配合，以使第一支撑件被容纳于第一凹部，第一凹部远离端盖的一端封闭，以绝缘隔离第一支撑件和集流部。如此，可以避免在正常状态下，集流部与第一支撑件导电。
在一些实施例中，避让部为在第一绝缘件的厚度方向上贯通第一绝缘件的通孔，第一支撑件***通孔。此时，通孔可避让第一支撑件，可减小第一绝缘件的厚度。
在一些实施例中，在端盖的厚度方向上，第一支撑件的高度小于通孔的深度，以使第一支撑件***通孔后，第一支撑件不与集流部接触。在处于热失效状态时，由于电池单体内部温度高，第一绝缘件被融化，而在正常状态下，第一绝缘件不会被融化，因此第一支撑件容纳在通孔内而不伸出通孔，可以利用第一绝缘件来绝缘第一支撑件和集流部，结构简单且成本低。
在一些实施例中，第一支撑件设于端盖面向电池单体内部的表面，第一支撑件为圆柱形凸台，第二支撑件设于集流部面向端盖的表面，第二支撑件为凸块，在端盖的厚度方向上，凸台的投影位于凸块的投影内，凸块的投影和泄压结构的投影相交。此时，第一支撑件和第二支撑件结构简单，易于制造。
在一些实施例中，装配部包括相连的装配段和翻折段，装配端绝缘连接端盖，翻折段的两端分别连接装配段和集流部，且两端分别相对装配段和集流部弯折，并使集流部位于装配端背离端盖的一侧。在实际操作时，可先拉直并伸展集流构件以焊接极柱与装配段，而后弯折翻折段形成泄压的间隙，如此更加方便焊接极柱与装配段。
第二方面，本申请提供了一种电池单体，其包括上述实施例中的端盖组件。
第三方面，本申请提供了一种电池，其包括上述实施例中的电池单体。
第四方面，本申请提供了一种用电装置，其包括上述实施例中的电池，所述电池用于提供电能。
上述说明仅是本申请技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本申请的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本申请的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举本申请的具体实施方式。
附图说明
通过阅读对下文优选实施方式的详细描述，各种其他的优点和益处对于本领域普通技术人员将变得清楚明了。附图仅用于示出优选实施方式的目的，而并不认为是对本申请的限制。而且在全部附图中，用相同的附图标号表示相同的部件。在附图中：
图1为本申请一实施例中的端盖组件的结构示意图；
图2为图1所示的端盖组件在装配前的分解图；
图3为图2所示的端盖组件中的集流构件的结构示意图；
图4为图2所示的端盖组件中的端盖的结构示意图；
图5为本申请一实施例中的电池单体的结构示意图。
具体实施方式中的附图标号如下：
1000、电池单体；100、端盖组件；10、端盖；11、第一支撑件；12、泄压口；20、集流构件；21、装配部；21a、装配段；21b、翻折段；22、集流部；22a、泄压孔；22b、第二支撑件；30、泄压结构；40、第一绝缘体；41、避让部；50、第二绝缘体；60、极柱；70、密封件；80、铆接件；200、壳体；300、电极组件；510、第一极耳胶；520、第二极耳胶。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本申请技术方案的实施例进行详细的描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本申请的技术方案，因此只作为示例，而不能以此来限制本申请的保护范围。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本文中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以 及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“第一”“第二”等仅用于区别不同对象，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量、特定顺序或主次关系。在本申请实施例的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本文中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“和/或”仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)，同理，“多组”指的是两组以上(包括两组)，“多片”指的是两片以上(包括两片)。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“中心”“纵向”“横向”“长度”“宽度”“厚度”“上”“下”“前”“后”“左”“右”“竖直”“水平”“顶”“底”“内”“外”“顺时针”“逆时针”“轴向”“径向”“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请实施例和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请实施例的限制。
在本申请实施例的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，技术术语“安装”“相连”“连接”“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；也可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请实施例中的具体含义。
在相关技术中，电池单体内部的集流构件上设置有泄压孔，且端盖上设有泄压结构。为了避免极耳经由泄压孔搭接端盖引发电池的腐蚀漏液，一般将泄压孔与泄压结构错开设置。为此，需要保证泄压孔所在的集流构件的集流盘与端盖之间形成供流体经泄压孔流向泄压结构的间隙。
本发明人注意到，在对电池发生热失效时，特别是圆柱电池，由于其集流构件的集流部较薄，在内部热量或压力过大时，集流部容易朝向端盖变形，使得集流部紧贴在端盖上，从而堵死泄压结构和泄压孔，造成电池单体内部的流体无法从泄压孔流向泄压结构而顺利排出(无法泄压)，从而导致电池***。
为了避免在电池热失效过程中因泄压结构和泄压孔堵塞而无法泄压导致电池***，申请人研究发现，可以通过局部加强集流部和端盖的强度、并构建出泄压空间来避免集流部在 高压力或高温下变形而紧贴在端盖上。具体地，在集流部与端盖之间设置支撑结构，即使在热失效下，通过支撑结构两者也可以始终间隔，以保持两者之间具有供流体从泄压孔流向泄压结构的泄压空间。
基于以上考虑，为了解决在电池热失效时因集流构件堵塞泄压结构而无法泄压导致其***的问题，发明人经过深入研究，设计了一种端盖组件，通过在电池单体内部的端盖和集流部上分别设置第一支撑件和第二支撑件，第一支撑件和第二支撑件在端盖厚度方向上的投影相交，可以保证端盖和集流部之间始终具有泄压空间，即使在热失效状态下，泄压结构和泄压孔也不会堵死，保证能够顺利泄压。
本申请提供了一种端盖组件、电池单体、电池及用电设备。电池包括多个电池单体以及设置在电池单体外的箱体。用电设备可以是车辆、手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等。车辆可以是燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等；航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等；电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等；电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨等等。本申请实施例对上述用电设备不做特殊限制。
电池单体一般包括壳体、电极组件、极柱和集流构件等。电极组件设置在壳体内部，并通过集流构件与极柱电连接。极柱露出于壳体外部，用于与外部电路电连接。电解液被注入壳体中，并进入电极组件的极片之间，与极片上的活性物质发生电化反应，产生充放电过程。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池、锂离子一次电池、锂硫电池、钠锂离子电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。电池单体一般按封装的方式分成三种：柱形电池单体、方形电池单体和软包电池单体，本申请实施例对此也不限定。
电池一般包括箱体和电池单体。箱体限定出用于容纳电池单体的容纳腔，电池单体可以是一个、也可以是多个。若电池单体为多个，多个电池单体之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体中既有串联又有并联。可以是多个电池单体先串联或并联或混联组成一个整体，并容纳于箱体内。也可以是所有电池单体之间直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将所有电池单体构成的整体容纳于箱体内以实现电池单体和箱体的装配。
根据本申请一些实施例提供的端盖组件100，用于电池单体1000，参阅图1、图2和图3，端盖组件100包括端盖10和集流构件20，端盖10设有泄压结构30，泄压结构30用于当电池单体1000内部热量或压力达到阈值时动作，以释放热量或压力。集流构件20位于端盖10朝向电池单体1000内部的一侧，包括集流部22和装配部21，装配部21位于端盖10 和集流部22之间，且用于连接端盖10和集流部22，集流部22上具有允许流体通过的泄压孔22a。其中，在端盖10和集流部22相互面向的两侧面上分别设有第一支撑件11和第二支撑件22b，第一支撑件11和第二支撑件22b在端盖10的厚度方向上的投影相交，以保持端盖10和集流部22之间始终具有供流体从泄压孔22a流向泄压结构30的泄压空间。
其中，端盖10配置为电池单体1000的内部位于其厚度方向上的一侧。在使用状态下，集流部22用于与电池单体1000内部的电极组件300的极耳连接(具体可以为焊接)，且装配部21与电池单体1000的极柱60一端连接，并经由极柱60绝缘连接在端盖10上，电极组件300产生的电流经极耳、集流构件20传导至极柱60。一般地在端盖10上设置安装孔，极柱60焊接在装配部21并穿过安装孔裸露于电池单体1000外部，极柱60与安装孔通过密封圈连接，不仅能够密封防漏液还能与端盖10绝缘，避免端盖10漏电。
可理解地，参阅图2，在端盖10上具有一泄压口12，泄压结构30密封设置在该泄压口12处，流体经泄压孔22a后到达泄压口12，最后压力或热量达到阈值时泄压结构30打开而将电池单体1000内部的高压流体排到电池单体1000外部。其中，泄压结构30可以但不限定为形成有刻痕槽的薄弱部(如泄压薄片)。
为了减小端盖组件100占用电池单体1000的容量，集流部22通常设置成薄片结构。进一步地，集流部22的焊接区域和电极组件300的极耳焊接连接，且集流部22的一端连接装配部21，相对的另一端为自由端(未连接任何部件)，泄压孔22a与集流部22的焊接区域不干涉，泄压孔22a位于靠近该自由端的区域(当然集流构件20的形式不限于此)。通常在集流部22与端盖10之间设计有一定的间隙，泄压结构30与泄压孔22a错开(即泄压结构30与泄压孔22a在厚度方向上的投影不重合)。集流部22与端盖10之间的间隙可供电池单体1000内部的流体经泄压孔22a流向泄压结构30。流体可以是电池单体1000内部产生的气体，也可以是电解液等液体泄放物。由于集流部22较薄，当电池单体1000内部的热量或压力较大时，集流部22的自由端相对焊接区域容易朝向端盖10变形。
第一支撑件11和第二支撑件22b在端盖10厚度方向上的投影相交，也就是说，两者在与端盖10厚度方向垂直的平面内的正投影相交(即至少部分重合)。当集流部22的自由端在热量或压力作用下推向端盖10时，第一支撑件11和第二支撑件22b能够相抵，如此能够阻碍端盖10和集流部22靠近，集流部22和端盖10不会完全贴合而堵死泄压结构30和泄压孔22a。
第一支撑件11和第二支撑件22b均分别可以与端盖10和集流部22一体成型或固接(例如经由焊接、紧固件固接)。参阅图3和图4，第一支撑件11和第二支撑件22b均分别可以为支撑凸台、支撑凸柱、支撑片、加强筋、局部加厚结构等结构形式，具体在本申请中不作限定。
第一支撑件11与第二支撑件22b可以一直处于相抵状态，又或者两者仅在集流部22 的自由端朝向端盖10的变形的过程中相抵。也就是说，第一支撑件11与第二支撑件22b在电池单体1000处于正常状态下可以相抵也可以间隔，具体形式不限定，只要第一支撑件11与第二支撑件22b能够在热失效状态下能够相抵，并保持集流部22与端盖10之间始终具有泄压空间即可。
上述端盖组件100，应用于电池单体1000，当电池单体1000热失效而内部压力或热量升高时，由于第一支撑件11和第二支撑件22b能够相抵使得集流部22和端盖10之间始终保持一定的泄压空间，电池单体1000内部的流体(包括产生的气体及电解液等泄放物质)经泄压孔22a流向泄压结构30，当泄压空间内的压力和热量达到阈值时，泄压结构30动作并连通电池单体1000的内外部而顺利泄压，避免了电池因无法泄压而内部压力过大而***的问题。
在本申请的一些实施例中，在端盖10的厚度方向上，泄压孔22a的投影和泄压结构30的投影不相交。
其中，泄压孔22a的投影和泄压结构30的投影不相交是指两者在与端盖10厚度方向垂直的平面内的正投影完全不重合。如此设计是为了避免极耳穿过泄压孔22a而与端盖10接触导致漏电或腐蚀。
需要说明地，通常端盖10为具有导电性的铝盖、铜盖等构件，在端盖10朝向电池单体1000内部的一侧设置有绝缘件，绝缘件位于集流构件20和端盖10之间以绝缘集流构件20和端盖10，绝缘件对应泄压结构30的位置设有暴露孔，以方便泄压。在这种方案下，当泄压孔22a与泄压结构30正对时，连接集流部22的极耳容易穿过泄压孔22a、暴露孔而与端盖10接触。将泄压孔22a与泄压结构30错开设置，即使极耳穿过泄压孔22a，也只会与绝缘件接触而不能与端盖10接触，进而避免端盖10带电发生腐蚀。
当然，在其他实施例中，在端盖10的厚度方向上，泄压孔22a的投影与泄压结构30的投影也可以相交。例如，当端盖10本身具有绝缘性、或者端盖10对应的泄压结构30附近的位置表面设置绝缘涂层等时，可以避免因极耳接触端盖10而导致的漏电。又或者，在泄压孔22a的位置不连接极耳也是可行的。
在本申请的一些实施例中，参阅图2，在端盖10的厚度方向上，第一支撑件11的投影和泄压结构30的投影相错开。
也就是说，在垂直于端盖10厚度方向的平面上，第一支撑件11的正投影与泄压结构30的正投影不重合。如此，可避免第一支撑件11阻碍流体流向泄压口12，同时也不会影响泄压结构30打开，有助于快速泄压，且结构简单。
当然，在其他实施例中，在端盖10的厚度方向上，第一支撑件11的投影和泄压结构30的投影也可以相交，只要第一支撑件11不阻碍泄压即可。例如，第一支撑件11设置为呈凹字形，泄压结构30位于凹字形的开口处，且第一支撑件11连通泄压结构30所在的泄压口 12与泄压空间。
在本申请的一些实施例中，参见图2和图4，第一支撑件11的数量至少为两个，且全部第一支撑件11环绕泄压结构30间隔设置。
此时，全部第一支撑件11环绕泄压结构30所在的泄压口12且相互间隔，可以与第二支撑件22b在泄压口12的周围进行有效支撑，实现高效泄压。在一具体实施例中，第一支撑件11为两个，成本低且支撑效果好。
在本申请的一些实施例中，在端盖10的厚度方向上，全部第一支撑件11的投影位于第二支撑件22b的投影范围内。
也就是说，在垂直于端盖10厚度方向的平面内，全部第一支撑件11的正投影全部位于第二支撑件22b的正投影范围内，包括全部第一支撑件11的正投影范围小于第二支撑件22b的正投影范围，也包括全部第一支撑件11的正投影范围等于第二支撑件22b的正投影范围。此时，第一支撑件11能够全面支撑在第二支撑件22b上，支撑面积大且支撑效果好。
在本申请的一些实施例中，参阅图1，在端盖10的厚度方向上，第二支撑件22b的投影和泄压结构30的投影相交。
由于全部第一支撑件11环绕泄压结构30设置，例如两个第一支撑件11，当第二支撑件22b的投影与泄压结构30的投影相交时，第二支撑件22b可以从第一支撑件11所对应的位置向另一第一支撑件11所对应的位置直线延伸，相比需要绕开泄压结构30所需要呈弧形等避让泄压结构30的结构方案，不仅更可靠地降低泄压机构对应的集流部在高温高压下变形的可能性，而且结构简单且更加省材。
需要注意的是，当端盖10与集流构件20之间具有绝缘件(如下文中提及的第一绝缘件40)时，第二支撑件22b优选与绝缘件之间具有间隙、或者绝缘件上的暴露孔大于第二支撑件22b的尺寸等等，以避免第二支撑件22b堵塞绝缘件上的暴露孔而影响泄压。
在本申请的一些实施例中，第一支撑件11被配置为与集流部22绝缘。
第一支撑件11与集流部22绝缘的方式有，第二支撑件22b为绝缘件、或者第一支撑件11与集流部22之间设置绝缘结构(如下文的第一绝缘件40)、或者第一支撑件11为绝缘件，具体方式不限定。当第一支撑件11与集流部22绝缘时，可以避免至少在正常状态下，集流部22上的电流传导至端盖10而漏电。
在本申请的一些实施例中，参阅图1和图2，端盖组件100还包括第一绝缘件40，第一绝缘件40装配于端盖10，且至少部分第一绝缘件40位于集流构件20与端盖10之间，以使端盖10和集流构件20绝缘。如此，可使得端盖10与集流构件20绝缘，避免端盖10漏电。第一绝缘件40可以但不限于为塑料制件。可以理解地，第一绝缘件40上具有暴露泄压口12的结构，如暴露孔等。
在本申请的进一步实施例中，参阅图2，第一绝缘件40上与第一支撑件11对应的位 置设有避让部41，避让部41与第一支撑件11配合，以容纳第一支撑件11。
此时，由于第一支撑件11容纳在避让部41内，可利用第一绝缘件40本身的绝缘性来绝缘第一支撑件11和集流部22，第一支撑件11可以采取与端盖10相同的材质(如铝、铜)，第一支撑件11与端盖10的连接可采取更为牢靠且简单的方式(如焊接)。
在本申请的更进一步实施例中，避让部41为形成于第一绝缘件40朝向端盖10的表面并沿远离端盖的方向凹陷的第一凹部，第一支撑件11与第一凹部凹凸配合，以使第一支撑件11被容纳于第一凹部，第一凹部远离端盖10的一端封闭，以绝缘隔离第一支撑件11和集流部22。
具体地，第一凹部可以为凹槽、盲孔等结构。此时，由于第一凹部远离端盖10的一端封闭，当第一支撑件11配合第一凹部后，在第一支撑件11和集流部22之间存在第一凹部的封闭端，可以避免在正常状态下，集流部22与第一支撑件11导电。
在本申请的更进一步实施例中，避让部41为在第一绝缘件40的厚度方向上贯通第一绝缘件40的通孔，第一支撑件11***通孔。
其中，第一绝缘件40的厚度方向与端盖10的厚度方向相平行。此时，通孔可避让第一支撑件11，可减小第一绝缘件40的厚度，而至于第一支撑件11与集流部22之间的绝缘可以通过第一支撑件11为绝缘件、或者第一支撑件11的面向集流部22的一端设置绝缘层等方式来达到。
在本申请的一优选实施例中，在端盖10的厚度方向上，第一支撑件11的高度小于通孔的深度，以使第一支撑件11***通孔后，第一支撑件11不与集流部22接触。
在处于热失效状态时，由于电池单体1000内部温度高，第一绝缘件40被融化，而在正常状态下，第一绝缘件40不会被融化，因此第一支撑件11容纳在通孔内而不伸出通孔，可以利用第一绝缘件40来绝缘第一支撑件11和集流部22，结构简单且成本低。
在本申请的一些实施例中，第一支撑件11设于端盖10面向电池单体1000内部的表面，第一支撑件11为圆柱形凸台，第二支撑件22b设于集流部22面向端盖10的表面，第二支撑件为凸块，在端盖10的厚度方向上，凸台的投影位于凸块的投影内，凸台的投影和泄压结构的投影相交。此时第一支撑件11和第二支撑件22b结构简单，易于制造。凸块可以为与集流部22一体成型的加强筋，也就是说集流部局部加厚作为第二支撑件22b。凸块也可以不与集流部一体成型，而是通过焊接、粘接或铆接等方式与集流部22连接。
在本申请的一些实施例中，参阅图1和图2，装配部21包括相连的装配段21a和翻折段21b，装配段21a绝缘连接端盖10，翻折段21b的两端分别连接装配段21a和集流部22，且两端分别相对装配段21a和集流部22弯折，并使集流部22位于装配端背离端盖10的一侧。
此时，装配部21由装配端和翻折段21b构成，利用翻折段21b可使得集流部22与端盖10之间形成可泄压的间隙，同时采用翻折段21b连接装配段21a和集流部22，在实际操 作时，可先拉直并伸展集流构件20以焊接极柱60与装配段21a，而后弯折翻折段21b形成泄压的间隙，如此更加方便焊接极柱60与装配段21a。
当然，在其他实施例中，也可采取其他方式来达到使得集流部22与端盖10之间具有泄压的间隙的方案，在此不进行具体限定。
在本申请的一些实施例中，由于集流部22与端盖10之间的间隙较小，因此第二支撑件22b的厚度范围在0.2mm-0.5mm之间，以致于不影响在正常状态下集流部22与端盖10之间的泄压空间能够泄压。优选地，第二支撑件22b的厚度范围为0.3mm。
在本申请的一些实施例中，参阅图1和图2，端盖组件100还包括第二绝缘件50、铆接件80、极柱60和密封件70，第二绝缘件50设于端盖10背离电池单体1000内部的一侧，铆接件80位于第二绝缘件50背离所述端盖10的一侧，极柱60的两端焊接连接铆接件80与装配部21，极柱60穿设端盖10，并经由密封件70与端盖10密封绝缘连接。
请参阅图1至图4，在本申请一优选实施例中，端盖组件100包括端盖10、集流构件20、凸台(作为第一支撑件11)和加强筋(作为第二支撑件22b)，端盖10上设有泄压结构30，集流构件20位于端盖10配置为朝向电池单体1000内部的一侧。集流构件20包括集流部22和连接于端盖10与集流部22之间的装配部21，集流部22上具有用于流通流体的泄压孔22a。凸台和加强筋分别设于端盖10和集流部22相互面向的两侧面上，且两者在端盖10的厚度方向上的投影相交。凸台包括两个且环绕泄压结构30间隔设置，加强筋包括一个且位于能够支撑全部凸台。在端盖10的厚度方向上，泄压孔22a的投影和泄压结构30的投影相错开。
在本申请一具体实施例中，端盖组件100的具体装配过程如下：
1)在端盖10的泄压结构30的两侧焊接两个金属凸台作为第一支撑件11；
2)在集流构件20的集流部22正对金属凸台和泄压结构30的位置焊接金属片作为第二支撑件22b；
3)将步骤2)中集流构件20的装配部21与极柱60焊接；
4)将步骤3)得到的焊接体组装在一起，并在端盖10下面组装第一绝缘件40，在极柱60与端盖10的连接处安装密封圈；
5)在端盖10上面安装第二绝缘件50；
6)在第二绝缘件50上设置铆接件80，将极柱60伸出第二绝缘件50的部分铆接在铆接件80上。
本申请的另一方面提供一种电池单体1000，包括壳体200、电极组件300及上述任一实施例中所述的端盖组件100，壳体200具有开口，电极组件300容纳于壳体200内，并连接于集流部22背离端盖10的一侧，端盖组件100盖合开口。
具体到实施例中，参阅图5，壳体200具有两个开口，在两个开口处均设有端盖组件 100以封闭壳体200，并保护装配于壳体200内的电极组件300。电极组件300的相对两端形成第一极耳和第二极耳并分别与两个端盖组件100的集流部22对应连接。环绕第一极耳和第二极耳还设置有第一极耳胶510和第二极耳胶520，用于绝缘极耳与壳体200。
本申请的另一方面提供一种电池，包括箱体及以上任一方案所述的电池单体1000，电池单体1000装配于箱体内。
在一具体实施例中，电池单体为圆柱形电池单体。
本申请的另一方面提供一种用电设备，包括以上任一方案所述的电池，电池用于提供电能。
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合，为使描述简洁，未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述，然而，只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾，都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本申请的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对申请专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本申请构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本申请的保护范围。因此，本申请专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种端盖组件，用于电池单体，包括：
    端盖，设有泄压结构，所述泄压结构用于当所述电池单体内部热量或压力达到阈值时动作，以释放所述热量或压力；
    集流构件，位于所述端盖朝向所述电池单体内部的一侧，包括集流部和装配部，所述装配部位于所述端盖和所述集流部之间，且用于连接所述端盖和所述集流部，所述集流部上具有允许流体通过的泄压孔；
    其中，在所述端盖和所述集流部相互面向的两侧面上分别设有第一支撑件和第二支撑件，所述第一支撑件和所述第二支撑件在所述端盖的厚度方向上的投影相交，以保持所述端盖和所述集流部之间始终具有供流体从所述泄压孔流向所述泄压结构的泄压空间。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的端盖组件，其中，在所述端盖的厚度方向上，所述泄压孔的投影和所述泄压结构的投影相错开。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的端盖组件，其中，在所述端盖的厚度方向上，所述第一支撑件的投影和所述泄压结构的投影不相交。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的端盖组件，其中，所述第一支撑件的数量至少为两个，且全部所述第一支撑件环绕所述泄压结构间隔设置。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的端盖组件，其中，在所述端盖的厚度方向上，所述第一支撑件的投影位于所述第二支撑件的投影范围内。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的端盖组件，其中，在所述端盖的厚度方向上，所述第二支撑件的投影和所述泄压结构的投影相交。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的端盖组件，其中，所述第一支撑件被配置为与所述集流部绝缘。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的端盖组件，其中，所述端盖组件还包括第一绝缘件，所述第一绝缘件装配于所述端盖,且至少部分所述第一绝缘件位于所述集流构件与所述端盖之间，以使所述端盖和所述集流构件绝缘。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的端盖组件，其中，所述第一绝缘件上与所述第一支撑件对应的位置设有避让部，所述避让部与所述第一支撑件配合，以容纳所述第一支撑件。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的端盖组件，其中，所述避让部为形成于所述第一绝缘件朝向所述端盖的表面并沿远离所述端盖的方向凹陷的第一凹部，所述第一支撑件与所述第一凹部凹凸配合，以使所述第一支撑件被容纳于所述第一凹部，所述第一凹部远离所述端盖的一端封闭，以绝缘隔离所述第一支撑件和所述集流部。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的端盖组件，其中，所述避让部为在所述第一绝缘件的厚度方向上贯通所述第一绝缘件的通孔，所述第一支撑件***所述通孔。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的端盖组件，其中，在所述端盖的厚度方向上，所述第一支撑件的高度小于所述通孔的深度，以使所述第一支撑件***所述通孔后，所述第一支撑件不与所述集流部接触。
  13. 根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的端盖组件，其中，所述第一支撑件设于所述端盖面向所述电池单体内部的表面，所述第一支撑件为圆柱形凸台，所述第二支撑件设于所述集流部面向所述端盖的表面，所述第二支撑件为凸块，在所述端盖的厚度方向上，所述凸台的投影位于所述凸块的投影内，所述凸块的投影和所述泄压结构的投影相交。
  14. 根据权利要求1至13中任一项所述的端盖组件，其中，所述装配部包括相连的所述装配段和翻折段，所述装配段绝缘连接所述端盖，所述翻折段的两端分别连接所述装配段和所述集流部，且所述两端分别相对所述装配段和所述集流部弯折，并使所述集流部位于所述装配段背离所述端盖的一侧。
  15. 一种电池单体，包括壳体、电极组件及权利要求1至14中任一项所述端盖组件，所述壳体具有开口，所述电极组件容纳于所述壳体内，并连接于所述集流部背离所述端盖的一侧，所述端盖组件盖合所述开口。
  16. 一种电池，包括箱体及权利要求15所述的电池单体，所述电池单体容纳于所述箱体内。
  17. 一种用电装置，所述用电装置包括如权利要求16所述的电池，所述电池用于提供电能。
PCT/CN2022/087466 2022-03-03 2022-04-18 端盖组件、电池单体、电池及用电装置 WO2023164997A1 (zh)

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CN115377623B (zh) * 2022-09-21 2023-10-17 厦门海辰储能科技股份有限公司 集流件、电池、电池包和用电设备
CN115498335B (zh) * 2022-09-28 2023-09-15 厦门海辰储能科技股份有限公司 端盖组件、电池单体、电池包及用电设备
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