WO2023160381A1 - Communication method and apparatus - Google Patents

Communication method and apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023160381A1
WO2023160381A1 PCT/CN2023/074799 CN2023074799W WO2023160381A1 WO 2023160381 A1 WO2023160381 A1 WO 2023160381A1 CN 2023074799 W CN2023074799 W CN 2023074799W WO 2023160381 A1 WO2023160381 A1 WO 2023160381A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
satellite
backhaul link
constellation
delay
information
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/074799
Other languages
French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
李光磊
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN202210316830.XA external-priority patent/CN116684919A/en
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Publication of WO2023160381A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023160381A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H04W24/08—Testing, supervising or monitoring using real traffic

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present application relate to the communication field, and, more specifically, relate to a communication method and device.
  • the application scenarios of the fusion technology of satellite communication and 5G communication system include: the satellite link is used as the satellite backhaul link, and the access network equipment communicates with the core network equipment through the satellite backhaul link communication.
  • the satellite link is used as the satellite backhaul link
  • the access network equipment communicates with the core network equipment through the satellite backhaul link communication.
  • the time delay of the satellite backhaul link can be reflected by the satellite orbit type.
  • the delay of the satellite backhaul link may change, so how to determine whether the delay of the satellite backhaul link has changed has become an urgent problem to be solved.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a communication method, which enables the second device to know the change in the satellite backhaul link time delay in time by reporting the change in the satellite backhaul link time delay.
  • a communication method is provided.
  • the method may be executed by a first device, or may also be executed by a component (such as a chip or a circuit) of the first device. This is not limited. For the convenience of description, the following is referred to as The execution by the first device is taken as an example for description.
  • the communication method is applied to a system in which an access network device communicates with a core network device through a satellite backhaul link, and specifically includes: the first device determines that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link changes according to satellite operation and control information; the first The device sends a notification message to the second device.
  • the notification message is used to notify the satellite of a change in the backhaul link delay.
  • the satellite operation and control information includes: the coverage position of the satellite at different times, the constellation topology and the ephemeris of the satellite Information, at least one of information indicating the time when the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes, wherein the first device includes the access network device, mobility management network element or session management network element, and the second device Including policy control network element or application function network element.
  • the first device determines that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link has changed, it can notify the second device that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link has changed through the first notification message, so as to prevent the second device from passing
  • the satellite orbit type (the satellite orbit type of the satellite corresponding to the satellite backhaul link generally does not change) determines that the delay of the satellite backhaul link cannot reflect the delay change of the satellite backhaul link, so that the second device can timely It is learned that the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes.
  • the first device determines that the delay of the satellite backhaul link has changed according to the satellite operation and control information, including: If the constellation type corresponding to the link includes a low-orbit satellite LEO polar orbit constellation or a medium-orbit satellite MEO polar orbit constellation, the first setting The device determines that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link changes according to the satellite operation and control information.
  • the satellite return link delay may vary depending on whether the constellation supports feedback.
  • the constellation type corresponding to the satellite backhaul link is determined to include the low-orbit satellite LEO polar orbit constellation or the medium-orbit satellite MEO polar orbit constellation, when further determining the satellite backhaul link The accuracy of delay changes is higher.
  • the method before the first device sends a notification message to the second device, the method further includes: the first device receives a request message from the second device, the The request message is used to request to determine the delay change of the satellite backhaul link.
  • the first device sends a notification message to the second device to report that the satellite backhaul link delay has changed, which may be because the second device receives a request message requesting to determine the satellite backhaul link delay change.
  • the report can be based on the request of the second device, and the report can be avoided when the second device does not need to know the change of the time delay of the satellite backhaul link.
  • the method further includes: the first device sends constellation information to the second device, and the constellation information is used by the second device to determine whether to send the request message,
  • the constellation information includes information indicating the constellation type corresponding to the satellite backhaul link
  • the constellation type corresponding to the satellite backhaul link includes at least one of the following constellations: low-orbit satellite LEO polar orbit constellation, medium-orbit Satellite MEO polar orbit constellation, LEO inclined orbit constellation, or MEO inclined orbit constellation.
  • the first device can send constellation information to the second device, and the constellation information is used by the second device to judge whether it is necessary to send a request message to the first device requesting to determine the delay change of the satellite backhaul link, so as to avoid When the time delay of the backhaul link is unlikely to change, sending the request message will bring unnecessary signaling overhead.
  • the method further includes: the first device receives a session management request, where the session management request is used to request establishment or modification of a session, and the session is through the satellite backhaul link A session for channel transmission; the first device sends the constellation information to the second device.
  • the first device in a process of establishing or modifying a session, the first device sends constellation information. Report in the existing process to increase the compatibility of the scheme.
  • receiving the session management request by the access network device includes: the access network device receiving a session management request from the terminal device The session management request.
  • the access network device sending the constellation information includes: the access network device sending the constellation information to a policy control network element and/or an application network element through the mobility management network element and the session management network element.
  • the mobility management network element receiving the session management request includes: the mobility management network element receiving the request from The session management request of the access network device.
  • the mobility management network element sending the constellation information includes: the mobility management network element sending the constellation information to a policy control network element and/or an application network element through a session management network element.
  • the constellation information further includes at least one of the following information: information indicating whether the satellite constellation supports inter-satellite links, information indicating that the satellite constellation Whether to support the same-orbit inter-satellite link information, used to indicate whether the satellite constellation supports different-orbit inter-satellite links;
  • the constellation information further includes information indicating whether the satellite constellation supports reverse slot links.
  • the above-mentioned constellation information also includes satellite capability information, which is more helpful for judging the performance of the satellite backhaul link. Whether the delay has changed.
  • the LEO polar orbit constellation does not support the reverse slot link, and the delay of the satellite return link when the reverse slot passes will increase compared with that when the reverse slot does not pass.
  • the method further includes: the first device estimates the satellite backhaul link delay according to the satellite operation and control information; the notification message includes the satellite backhaul link
  • the time delay of the satellite backhaul link includes the time delay when the session management request is received, and/or the time delay when the time delay of the satellite backhaul link changes.
  • the first device can also estimate the delay of the satellite backhaul link, and report the estimated delay of the satellite backhaul link to the application network element or the policy control network element, so that the application network element or the policy control network The unit can know the delay of the satellite backhaul link.
  • the first device determines that the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes according to the satellite operation and control information, including: the first device determines the satellite return link delay according to the satellite operation and control information.
  • the forwarding path of the satellite backhaul link changes, at least one of reverse seam departure, and reverse seam transit; the notification message includes information indicating that the forwarding path changes, information indicating that the reverse seam departs , at least one of information indicating the reverse seam transit, information indicating the reverse seam departure duration, or information indicating the reverse seam transit duration.
  • the change in the delay of the satellite backhaul link may be the change of the forwarding path of the satellite backhaul link, the departure of the reverse seam, or the transit of the reverse seam, and the notification message may be used to notify that the satellite backhaul link is Forward path changes, reverse seam departures, or reverse seam transits.
  • the first device determines that the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes according to the satellite operation and control information, including: the first device determines the satellite return link delay according to the satellite operation and control information. The time when the satellite backhaul link delay changes; the first device determines the duration of the timer according to the time; the first device sends a notification message, including: when the timer expires, the first device sends a notification message.
  • the first device determines that the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes may be to determine the moment when the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes, and determines the duration of the timer according to the moment, and sends a notification message when the timer expires Notify the satellite that the backhaul link delay has changed.
  • the first device determining that the delay of the satellite backhaul link has changed according to the satellite operation and control information includes: the first device according to the access network device and The satellite operation and control information between the core network devices determines that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link changes.
  • a communication method is provided, and the method may be executed by the second device, or may also be executed by a component (such as a chip or a circuit) of the second device, which is not limited.
  • a component such as a chip or a circuit
  • the execution by the second device is taken as an example for description.
  • the communication method is applied to a system in which an access network device communicates with a core network device through a satellite backhaul link, and specifically includes: the second device receives a notification message from the first device, and the notification message is used to notify the satellite backhaul link If the path delay changes, the second device determines an execution strategy according to the change in the satellite backhaul link delay, wherein the first device includes the access network device, mobility management network element or session management network element, and the The second device includes a policy control network element or an application function network element.
  • the method further includes: the second device sends a request message to the first device, and the request message is used to request to determine the delay change of the satellite backhaul link .
  • the method further includes: receiving, by the second device, the Constellation information of the first device; the second device determines to send the request message according to the constellation information, wherein the constellation information includes information indicating the constellation type corresponding to the satellite backhaul link, and the satellite backhaul link
  • the constellation information includes information indicating the constellation type corresponding to the satellite backhaul link, and the satellite backhaul link
  • the constellation type corresponding to the road includes at least one of the following constellations: low orbit satellite LEO polar orbit constellation, medium orbit satellite MEO polar orbit constellation, LEO inclined orbit constellation, or MEO inclined orbit constellation.
  • the constellation information further includes at least one of the following information: information indicating whether the satellite constellation supports inter-satellite links, information indicating that the satellite constellation Information about whether to support inter-satellite links in the same orbit, and information indicating whether the satellite constellation supports inter-satellite links in different orbits; when the constellation type is LEO polar orbit constellation and/or MEO polar orbit constellation, the constellation The information also includes information indicating whether the satellite constellation supports backslot links.
  • the notification message includes the satellite backhaul link delay
  • the satellite backhaul link delay includes the time when the first device receives the session management request. delay, and/or, the delay when the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes.
  • a communication method is provided, and the method may be executed by an access network device, or may also be executed by a component (such as a chip or a circuit) of the first device, which is not limited.
  • a component such as a chip or a circuit
  • the communication method is applied to a system in which an access network device communicates with a core network device through a satellite backhaul link, and specifically includes: the access network device receives a request message, and the request message is used to request to determine the satellite backhaul The link delay changes; the access network device determines that the satellite backhaul link delay changes according to the satellite operation and control information; the access network device sends a delay measurement request to the user plane network element, and the time delay The delay measurement request is used to request to measure the delay of the satellite backhaul link, wherein the satellite operation and control information includes the coverage position and/or constellation topology of the satellite at different times.
  • the access network device can request the user plane network element to calculate the delay of the backhaul link through the delay measurement request message after judging that the delay of the backhaul link needs to be calculated, which simplifies the time delay of the access network device. operation.
  • the access network device determining that the delay of the satellite backhaul link has changed according to the satellite operation and control information includes: the access network device The operation and control information determines that the forwarding path of the satellite backhaul link changes, the reverse seam departs, and the reverse seam passes.
  • the access network device determining that the delay of the satellite backhaul link has changed according to the satellite operation and control information includes: the access network device The operation control information determines the moment when the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes; the access network device determines the duration of the timer according to the time; the access network device sends a delay measurement request to the user plane network element , comprising: when the timer expires, the access network device sends a delay measurement request to a user plane network element.
  • the determining, by the access network device, that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link has changed according to the satellite operation and control information includes: the access network device, according to the determined It is determined that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link changes according to the satellite operation and control information between the access network device and the core network device.
  • a communication method is provided, and the method may be executed by the first device, or may also be executed by a component (such as a chip or a circuit) of the first device, which is not limited.
  • a component such as a chip or a circuit
  • the execution by the first device is taken as an example for description.
  • This communication method is applied to a system in which access network equipment communicates with core network equipment through a satellite backhaul link, specifically including Including: the first device receives a request message, and the request message is used to request to determine the change of the delay of the satellite backhaul link; the first device determines that the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes according to the satellite operation and control information or, when the first device is the mobility management network element, the first device determines that the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes according to the configuration information; the first device sends a notification message , the notification message is used to notify that the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes, wherein the first device includes the access network device, a mobility management network element, or a session management network element, and the satellite operation
  • the control information includes: at least one item of coverage positions of the satellites at different times, constellation topology and ephemeris information of the satellites.
  • the first device can determine whether the delay of the satellite backhaul link has changed based on the received request message, and report the change to the application network element or policy control through a notification message when the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes
  • the network element enables the application network element or the policy control network element to know that the delay of the satellite backhaul link has changed.
  • receiving the request message by the access network device includes: the access network device passes the The mobility management network element and the session management network element receive the request message from the policy control network element and/or the application network element.
  • the access network device sending the notification message includes: the access network device sending the notification message to a policy control network element and/or an application network element through the mobility management network element and the session management network element.
  • the mobility management network element receiving the request message includes: the mobility management network element
  • the element receives the request message from the policy control network element and/or the application network element through the session management network element.
  • the sending the notification message by the mobility management network element includes: the mobility management network element sends the notification message to a policy control network element and/or an application network element through a session management network element.
  • the method further includes: the first device estimating the satellite backhaul link delay according to the satellite operation and control information, and the notification message Including the time delay of the satellite backhaul link.
  • the first device may also estimate the satellite backhaul link time delay (for example, the second time delay), and pass the estimated satellite backhaul link time delay through The notification message is reported to the application network element or the policy control network element, so that the application network element or the policy control network element can know that the delay of the satellite backhaul link has changed, and know the approximate delay of the satellite backhaul link.
  • the satellite backhaul link time delay for example, the second time delay
  • the determining by the first device that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link has changed according to the satellite operation and control information includes: The information determines that the forwarding path of the satellite backhaul link changes, the departure of the reverse seam, and the transit of the reverse seam; the notification message includes information indicating that the forwarding path changes, information indicating the departure of the reverse seam, At least one of the information indicating the reverse seam transit, the information indicating the reverse seam departure duration, or the information indicating the reverse seam transit duration.
  • the change in the delay of the satellite backhaul link may be the change of the forwarding path of the satellite backhaul link, the departure of the reverse seam, or the transit of the reverse seam, and the notification message may be used to notify that the satellite backhaul link is Forward path changes, reverse seam departures, or reverse seam transits.
  • the determining by the first device that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link has changed according to the satellite operation and control information includes: The information determines the time when the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes; the first device determines the duration of the timer according to the time; the first device sends a notification message, including: when the timer expires, The first device sends a notification message.
  • the first device determines that the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes may be to determine the moment when the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes, and determines the duration of the timer according to the moment, and sends a notification message when the timer expires Notify the satellite that the backhaul link delay has changed.
  • the determining by the first device that the delay of the satellite backhaul link has changed according to the satellite operation and control information includes: the first device The satellite operation and control information between the network access device and the core network device determines that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link changes.
  • a communication method is provided, and the method may be executed by the first device, or may also be executed by a component (such as a chip or a circuit) of the first device, which is not limited.
  • a component such as a chip or a circuit
  • the execution by the first device is taken as an example for description.
  • the communication method is applied to a system in which an access network device communicates with a core network device through a satellite backhaul link, and specifically includes: the first device receives a session management request, and the session management request is used to request establishment or modification of a session, and the The session is a session transmitted through the satellite backhaul link; the first device estimates the satellite backhaul link delay according to the satellite operation and control information, and the first device sends the satellite backhaul link delay , wherein the first device includes the access network device, a mobility management network element, or a session management network element, and the satellite backhaul link delay includes a delay when the session management request is received, and /or, the time delay when the time delay of the satellite backhaul link changes, the satellite operation and control information includes: at least one of the coverage position of the satellite at different times, the constellation topology and the ephemeris information of the satellite one item.
  • the first device estimates the delay of the satellite backhaul link, and reports the estimated delay of the satellite backhaul link to the application network element or the policy control network element, so that The application network element or policy control network element can know the approximate delay of the satellite backhaul link.
  • receiving the session management request by the access network device includes: the access network device receiving Said session management request from an end device.
  • the sending of the satellite backhaul link delay information by the access network device includes: the access network device sends the policy control network element and/or the application network element to the policy control network element and/or the application network element through the mobility management network element and the session management network element. The above-mentioned satellite backhaul link delay.
  • the mobility management network element receiving a session management request includes: the mobility management A network element receives the session management request from the access network device.
  • the delay in sending the satellite backhaul link by the mobility management network element includes: when the mobility management network element sends the satellite backhaul link to the policy control network element and/or the application network element through the session management network element delay.
  • a communication device configured to realize the functions of the first device in the methods described in the first aspect, the third aspect, the fourth aspect, and the fifth aspect.
  • the communication device may further include a memory, the memory is coupled to the processor, and the processor is used to implement the first device in the methods described in the first aspect, the third aspect, the fourth aspect, and the fifth aspect. Function.
  • the memory is used to store program instructions and data.
  • the memory is coupled to the processor, and the processor can call and execute the program instructions stored in the memory to implement the first device in the methods described in the first aspect, the third aspect, the fourth aspect, and the fifth aspect. Function.
  • the communication device may further include a communication interface, and the communication interface is used for the communication device to communicate with other devices.
  • the communication interface may be a transceiver, an input/output interface, or a circuit.
  • the communication device includes: a processor and a communication interface
  • the processor is configured to run a computer program, so that the communication device implements any one of the methods described in the first aspect, the third aspect, the fourth aspect, and the fifth aspect;
  • the processor communicates with the outside through the communication interface.
  • the external may be an object other than the processor, or an object other than the device.
  • the communication device is a chip or a chip system.
  • the communication interface may be an input/output interface, an interface circuit, an output circuit, an input circuit, pins or related circuits on the chip or the chip system.
  • the processor may also be embodied as a processing circuit or logic circuit.
  • a communication device configured to realize the function of the second device in the method described in the second aspect above.
  • the communication apparatus may further include a memory, the memory is coupled to the processor, and the processor is configured to implement the function of the second device in the method described in the second aspect above.
  • the memory is used to store program instructions and data.
  • the memory is coupled to the processor, and the processor can call and execute program instructions stored in the memory, so as to realize the functions of the second device in the method described in the second aspect above.
  • the communication device may further include a communication interface, and the communication interface is used for the communication device to communicate with other devices.
  • the communication interface may be a transceiver, an input/output interface, or a circuit.
  • the communication device includes: a processor and a communication interface
  • the processor is configured to run a computer program, so that the communication device implements any one of the methods described in the second aspect above;
  • the processor communicates with the outside through the communication interface.
  • the external may be an object other than the processor, or an object other than the device.
  • the communication device is a chip or a chip system.
  • the communication interface may be an input/output interface, an interface circuit, an output circuit, an input circuit, pins or related circuits on the chip or the chip system.
  • the processor may also be embodied as a processing circuit or logic circuit.
  • the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, where instructions are stored in the computer-readable storage medium, and when the computer-readable storage medium is run on a computer, it causes the computer to execute the methods described in the above aspects.
  • the present application provides a computer program product containing instructions, which, when run on a computer, causes the computer to execute the methods described in the above aspects.
  • a tenth aspect provides a communication system, including the communication device described in the sixth aspect and the communication device described in the seventh aspect.
  • a chip device including a processing circuit, and the processing circuit is used to call and run a program from a memory, so that a communication device installed with the chip device executes any one of the above-mentioned first to fifth aspects.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of the architecture of a 5G system to which the embodiment of the present application applies.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a scenario where satellite communication and 5GS are integrated.
  • Fig. 3 is a two-dimensional expanded schematic diagram of a polar orbit constellation.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic flowchart of a communication method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic flowchart of another communication method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic flowchart of another communication method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic flowchart of another communication method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic flowchart of another communication method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic block diagram of an apparatus 900 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic block diagram of an apparatus 1000 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application can be applied to various communication systems, such as: the fifth generation (5th generation, 5G) system or new radio (new radio, NR), long term evolution (long term evolution, LTE) system, LTE frequency Division duplex (frequency division duplex, FDD) system, LTE time division duplex (time division duplex, TDD), etc.
  • 5G fifth generation
  • NR new radio
  • long term evolution long term evolution
  • LTE frequency Division duplex frequency division duplex
  • FDD frequency division duplex
  • TDD time division duplex
  • the technical solution provided by this application can also be applied to future communication systems, such as the sixth generation mobile communication system.
  • the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application can also be applied to device to device (device to device, D2D) communication, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, machine to machine (machine to machine, M2M) communication, machine Type communication (machine type communication, MTC), and Internet of things (internet of things, IoT) communication system or other communication systems.
  • D2D device to device
  • V2X vehicle-to-everything
  • M2M machine to machine
  • MTC machine Type communication
  • IoT Internet of things
  • FIG. 1 a communication system applicable to the embodiment of the present application is briefly introduced first with reference to FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic architecture diagram of a 5G system to which this embodiment of the present application applies.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a 5G network architecture based on a service interface.
  • the network architecture may include but not limited to the following network elements (or called functional network elements, functional entities, nodes, devices, etc.):
  • User equipment user equipment, UE
  • wireless access network equipment
  • access and mobility management function access and mobility management function
  • AMF access and mobility management function
  • SMF session management function
  • UPF user plane function
  • policy control function policy control function
  • PCF policy control function
  • UDM unified data management
  • application function application function, AF
  • NEF capability exposure function
  • binding support function binding support function
  • BSF binding support function
  • UDR unified data repository
  • UE can include various handheld devices with wireless communication functions, vehicle-mounted devices, wearable devices, computing devices or other processing devices connected to wireless modems, as well as various forms of terminals and mobile stations (mobile station, MS) , terminal (terminal) or soft terminal and so on. For example, water meters, electricity meters, sensors, etc.
  • the user equipment in this embodiment of the present application may refer to an access terminal, a subscriber unit, a user station, a mobile station, a mobile station, a relay station, a remote station, a remote terminal, a mobile device, a user terminal, a terminal device (terminal equipment), wireless communication equipment, user agent or user device.
  • an access terminal a subscriber unit, a user station, a mobile station, a mobile station, a relay station, a remote station, a remote terminal, a mobile device, a user terminal, a terminal device (terminal equipment), wireless communication equipment, user agent or user device.
  • the user equipment can also be a cellular telephones, cordless phones, session initiation protocol (SIP) phones, wireless local loop (WLL) stations, personal digital assistants (PDAs), handheld devices with wireless communication capabilities, computing equipment or other processing equipment connected to the wireless modem, vehicle equipment, wearable equipment, user equipment in the 5G network or user equipment in the future evolution of the public land mobile network (public land mobile network, PLMN) or in the future Internet of Vehicles
  • SIP session initiation protocol
  • WLL wireless local loop
  • PDAs personal digital assistants
  • handheld devices with wireless communication capabilities computing equipment or other processing equipment connected to the wireless modem, vehicle equipment, wearable equipment, user equipment in the 5G network or user equipment in the future evolution of the public land mobile network (public land mobile network, PLMN) or in the future Internet of Vehicles
  • PLMN public land mobile network
  • the user equipment, etc. are not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • wearable devices can also be referred to as wearable smart devices, which is a general term for intelligently designing daily wear and developing wearable devices by applying wearable technology, such as glasses, Gloves, watches, clothing and shoes, etc.
  • a wearable device is a portable device that is worn directly on the body or integrated into the user's clothing or accessories. Wearable devices are not only a hardware device, but also achieve powerful functions through software support, data interaction, and cloud interaction.
  • Generalized wearable smart devices include full-featured, large-sized, complete or partial functions without relying on smart phones, such as smart watches or smart glasses, etc., and only focus on a certain type of application functions, and need to cooperate with other devices such as smart phones Use, such as various smart bracelets and smart jewelry for physical sign monitoring.
  • the user equipment can also be the user equipment in the Internet of Things (Internet of Things, IoT) system.
  • IoT Internet of Things
  • IoT is an important part of the development of information technology in the future, and its main technical feature is that items can be Connect with the network to realize the intelligent network of man-machine interconnection and object interconnection.
  • the IOT technology can achieve massive connections, deep coverage, and terminal power saving through, for example, narrow band (NB) technology.
  • NB narrow band
  • the user equipment may also include a sensor whose main functions include collecting data (part of the user equipment), receiving control information and downlink data of the access network equipment, and sending electromagnetic waves to transmit uplink data to the access network equipment. data.
  • the device for implementing the function of the user equipment may be the user equipment, or a device capable of supporting the user equipment to realize the function, for example, a chip system or a combined device or component that can realize the function of the user equipment.
  • the means may be installed in user equipment.
  • the system-on-a-chip may be composed of chips, or may include chips and other discrete devices.
  • the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application will be described by taking the user equipment as an example for realizing the functions of the user equipment.
  • (R)AN It is used to provide network access functions for authorized user equipment in a specific area, and can use transmission tunnels with different service qualities according to the level of user equipment and business requirements.
  • (R)AN can manage wireless resources, provide access services for user equipment, and then complete the forwarding of control signals and user equipment data between user equipment and the core network.
  • (R)AN can also be understood as a base station in a traditional network.
  • the access network device in the embodiment of the present application may be any communication device with a wireless transceiver function for communicating with the user equipment.
  • the access network equipment includes but not limited to: evolved Node B (evolved Node B, eNB), radio network controller (radio network controller, RNC), Node B (Node B, NB), base station controller (base station controller) , BSC), base transceiver station (base transceiver station, BTS), home base station (home evolved Node B, HeNB, or home Node B, HNB), baseband unit (baseBand unit, BBU), wireless fidelity (wireless fidelity, WIFI ) system in the access point (access point, AP), wireless relay node, wireless backhaul node, transmission point (transmission point, TP) or transmission and reception point (transmission and reception point, TRP), etc., can also be 5G , such as, NR, gNB in the system, or, transmission point (TRP or TP), one or a group (including multiple antenna panels
  • a gNB may include a centralized unit (CU) and a DU.
  • the gNB may also include an active antenna unit (AAU).
  • the CU implements some functions of the gNB, and the DU implements some functions of the gNB.
  • the CU is responsible for processing non-real-time protocols and services, and realizing the functions of radio resource control (radio resource control, RRC) and packet data convergence protocol (packet data convergence protocol, PDCP) layer.
  • the DU is responsible for processing physical layer protocols and real-time services, realizing the functions of the radio link control (radio link control, RLC) layer, media access control (media access control, MAC) layer and physical (physical, PHY) layer.
  • the AAU implements some physical layer processing functions, radio frequency processing and related functions of active antennas. Since the information of the RRC layer will eventually become the information of the PHY layer, or be transformed from the information of the PHY layer, under this architecture, high-level signaling, such as RRC layer signaling, can also be considered to be sent by the DU , or, sent by DU+AAU.
  • the access network device may be a device including one or more of a CU node, a DU node, and an AAU node.
  • the CU can be divided into access network devices in the access network (radio access network, RAN), and the CU can also be divided into access network devices in the core network (core network, CN). Do limited.
  • UPF network element mainly includes the following functions: data packet routing and transmission, packet detection, service usage reporting, quality of service (QoS) processing, legal interception, uplink packet detection, downlink data packet storage, etc. function.
  • QoS quality of service
  • the user plane network element may be a UPF network element.
  • the user plane network element may still be a UPF network element, or may have other names, which are not limited in this application.
  • DN It is used to provide the network for transmitting data.
  • the data network element may be a DN network element.
  • the data network element may still be a DN network element, or may have other names, which are not limited in this application.
  • AMF network element mainly includes the following functions: connection management, mobility management, registration management, access authentication and authorization, reachability management, security context management and other functions related to access and mobility.
  • the access management network element may be an AMF network element.
  • the access management network element may still be an AMF network element, or may have other names, which are not limited in this application.
  • SMF mainly used for session management, Internet Protocol (IP) address allocation and management of terminal equipment, selection of manageable user plane functions, endpoints for policy control and charging function interfaces, and downlink data notification.
  • IP Internet Protocol
  • the session management network element may be an SMF network element.
  • the session management network element may still be an SMF network element, or may have other names, which are not limited in this application.
  • PCF A unified policy framework for guiding network behavior, providing policy rule information, etc. for control plane functional network elements (such as AMF, SMF network elements, etc.).
  • UDM It can be understood as the naming of unified data management network elements in the 5G architecture. Among them, the unified data management network element mainly includes the following functions: unified data management, support for authentication credential processing in the 3GPP authentication and key agreement mechanism, user identity processing, access authorization, registration and mobility management, subscription management, short message management etc.
  • AF It is used to provide application layer information, which can interact with the policy framework or directly interact with the policy framework to make policy decision requests through network open function network elements.
  • NSSF mainly includes the following functions: select a group of network slice instances for UE, determine the allowed network slice selection assistance information (network slice selection assistance information, NSSAI), and determine the AMF set that can serve the UE, etc.
  • NSSAI network slice selection assistance information
  • AUSF mainly includes the following functions: authentication server function, interacts with unified data management network elements to obtain user information, and performs authentication-related functions, such as generating intermediate keys.
  • BSF implement session binding. Specifically, for AF addressing PCF.
  • the SMF When the SMF requests policy control from the PCF for the session that the UE requests to establish, it provides information such as the UE's identity and user IP address to the PCF, and the PCF binds the information (including but not limited to the UE's identity, user IP address, and ID) registered with BSF. Later, when UE accesses services on AF through this session, AF may need to request policy authorization from PCF for the services accessed by UE.
  • the PCF selected by AF for this policy authorization must be consistent with the PCF selected by SMF for this session, because this policy authorization Generally, the PCF is triggered to adjust the policy control for the associated session of the SMF.
  • the AF can query the corresponding PCF from the BSF according to the user IP address or the identity of the UE, and then directly request policy authorization to the AF through the N5 interface defined by 5G.
  • UDR mainly used for the access function of contract data, policy data, application data and other types of data.
  • the above-mentioned network element or functional network element may be a network element in a hardware device, or a software function running on dedicated hardware, or a virtualization function instantiated on a platform (for example, a cloud platform).
  • NEF It can be understood as the name of the capability opening network element in the 5G architecture.
  • the capability opening network element mainly includes the following functions: securely open the services and capabilities provided by the 3GPP network functions, open internally, or open to third parties, etc.; transform or translate the information interacted with AF and the information interacted with internal network functions, Such as AF service identification and internal 5G core network information such as data network name (data network name, DNN), single network slice selection assistance information (single network slice selection assistance information, S-NSSAI), etc.
  • the interfaces between network elements of the control plane in FIG. 1 are service-based interfaces.
  • N1 the interface between the AMF and the terminal, which can be used to transmit QoS control rules and the like to the terminal.
  • N2 the interface between the AMF and the RAN, which can be used to transfer radio bearer control information from the core network side to the RAN.
  • N3 the interface between the RAN and the UPF, mainly used to transfer the uplink and downlink user plane data between the RAN and the UPF.
  • N4 The interface between SMF and UPF, which can be used to transfer information between the control plane and the user plane, including controlling the distribution of forwarding rules, QoS control rules, traffic statistics rules, etc. Information reporting.
  • N9 a user plane interface between UPF and UPF, used to transmit uplink and downlink user data flows between UPFs.
  • the service interfaces Nnssf, Nudr, Nausf, Nbsf, Namf, Npcf, Nsmf, Nudm, Nnef, and Naf are respectively provided by the above-mentioned NSSF, UDR, AUSF, BSF, AMF, PCF, SMF, UDM, NEF, and AF
  • the service interface is used to call the corresponding service operation.
  • N6 interface between UPF and DN, used to transmit uplink and downlink user data flow between UPF and DN.
  • N1, N2, N3, N4, and N6 are interface serial numbers.
  • the meanings of these interface serial numbers may refer to the meanings defined in the third generation partnership project (3rd generation partnership project, 3GPP) standard agreement, and there is no limitation here.
  • interfaces between network elements of the control plane may also be point-to-point interfaces, which will not be repeated here.
  • AMF, SMF, UPF, PCF, UDM, etc. shown in FIG. 1 can be understood as network elements for implementing different functions, for example, they can be combined into network slices as required. These network elements can be independent devices, or can be integrated in the same device to achieve different functions, or can be network elements in hardware devices, or software functions running on dedicated hardware, or platforms (for example, cloud The virtualization function instantiated on the platform), this application does not limit the specific form of the above network elements.
  • the name of the interface between network elements in FIG. 1 is just an example, and the name of the interface in a specific implementation may be another name, which is not specifically limited in this application.
  • the name of the message (or signaling) transmitted between the above network elements is only an example, and does not constitute any limitation on the function of the message itself.
  • the fusion technology of satellite communication and 5G communication system (the 5th-generation mobile communications system, 5GS) is proposed.
  • the scenarios where the satellite communication and 5GS fusion technology can be applied include: the satellite link is used as the backhaul link, and the access network equipment communicates with the core network equipment (such as the UPF shown in Figure 1) through the backhaul link.
  • the core network equipment such as the UPF shown in Figure 1
  • the current satellite communication and 5GS fusion technology does not involve the acquisition and reporting of the time delay of the backhaul link, which affects the communication quality.
  • this application provides a communication method that can report changes in the delay of the satellite backhaul link, so that the second device can know the delay of the satellite backhaul link in time changes to improve communication quality.
  • the method provided in the embodiment of the present application may be applied to a 5G communication system, for example, the communication system shown in FIG. 1 .
  • this embodiment of the present application does not limit the applicable scenarios of the method, for example, it is also applicable to other network architectures including network elements capable of implementing corresponding functions.
  • a satellite constellation is a collection of satellites that are launched into orbit and can work normally. It is usually a satellite network composed of some satellites configured in a certain way.
  • the main satellite constellations include Global Positioning System (global position system, GPS) satellite constellation, GLONASS satellite constellation, Galileo Galileo satellite constellation and Beidou satellite constellation.
  • the constellation types mainly covered in this application include:
  • Low earth orbit (LEO) polar orbit constellation Low earth orbit (LEO) polar orbit constellation, mid earth orbit (MEO) polar orbit constellation, LEO inclined orbit constellation and MEO inclined orbit constellation, etc.
  • the LEO inclined orbit constellation and the MEO inclined orbit constellation do not involve the concept of reverse slots, that is to say, when the constellation types are LEO inclined orbit constellations and MEO inclined orbit constellations, there is no need to consider whether reverse slots are supported.
  • the LEO polar orbit constellation and the MEO polar orbit constellation involve the concept of reverse slots, that is to say, when the constellation type is LEO In the case of polar orbit constellations and MEO polar orbit constellations, it is necessary to consider whether to support reverse slots.
  • Satellite networking refers to the network mode of satellite technology.
  • the network is composed of various types of satellite systems on different orbits.
  • the satellite constellation is the basic physical structure. It takes full advantage of the large coverage of the satellite system, which can be multi-level and full-spectrum.
  • the feature of obtaining target multi-source information in one segment can provide users with high-confidence information of multi-element fusion processing with precise time and space reference.
  • the development of ground computer networks has enabled spacecraft to join the network as servers, terminals, nodes or transmission lines, which can also be said to be the technical basis for the concept of satellite networking.
  • Different types of satellites may have different coverage areas, motion characteristics, and propagation delays and jitters due to different orbital altitudes.
  • satellites can be classified into geostationary equatorial orbit (GEO), MEO, LEO, and other satellites (Other SAT) according to orbit type.
  • GEO geostationary equatorial orbit
  • MEO mobile equatorial orbit
  • LEO mobile equatorial orbit
  • Other SAT satellites
  • An artificial earth satellite orbit with an angle between the orbital plane and the equatorial plane at 90°.
  • Artificial satellites can reach the sky above the North and South Poles during operation, that is, satellites can fly over the sky on a global scale.
  • Meteorological satellites, navigation satellites, and earth resource satellites that need to observe and apply on a global scale all use this orbit.
  • the satellites accessed by both communication parties are on different sides of the reverse slot at certain moments. At this time, the forwarding path on the satellite needs to pass through the reverse slot, which can be called reverse slot transit.
  • reverse slot departure It can be understood that the satellites accessed by both communication parties are on the same side of the reverse slot, and the forwarding path does not need to pass through the reverse slot.
  • the forwarding path on the star generally includes specific information such as which nodes are used on the path, and the sequence of nodes.
  • the number of satellite hops passed can be determined according to the forwarding path on the star.
  • the forwarding path on the star is determined based on the minimum hop count algorithm, that is, the number of satellite hops passed by the forwarding path on the star is by default the path with the smallest hop count among all possible paths.
  • the integration of satellite communication and 5GS can be divided into two scenarios.
  • the first scenario is: the satellite is used as 3GPP access, and the UE accesses 5GS through the satellite;
  • the second scenario is: the satellite link is used as the backhaul link, and the RAN Communicate with the 5G core network (5G core, 5GC) through the backhaul link (for example, the backhaul link provides bearer for N3 or N9).
  • 5G core 5G core, 5GC
  • the satellite link is used as a 5G backhaul link
  • the RAN is connected to the 5GC through the 5G backhaul link.
  • 5GC may include core network elements such as AMF, AF, and UPF as shown in FIG. 1 .
  • satellite #1, satellite #2, and satellite #3 shown in FIG. 2 may be the same or different, wherein non-geosynchronous satellites may implement satellite networking through links between satellites.
  • non-geosynchronous satellites such as LEO or MEO realize satellite networking through inter-satellite links.
  • Non-geosynchronous satellites such as MEO and LEO move relative to the ground, and often need to form a constellation through multiple satellites to achieve continuous coverage of fixed areas such as the ground or sea, and use inter-satellite links to realize on-board forwarding, so that there is no need to build satellites around the world Ground base stations to enhance coverage capabilities.
  • inter-satellite links There are two types of inter-satellite links, one is the link between satellites in the same orbit called the same-orbit inter-satellite link; the other is the inter-orbit link called the different-orbit inter-satellite link.
  • Different orbit inter-satellite links are further divided into co-orbit inter-satellite links and reverse slot links.
  • Co-orbit inter-satellite links are links between two adjacent orbiting satellites in the same direction of operation. The inter-satellite link may be disconnected due to the change of the relative position of the satellite when it is close to the sky over the polar region; the reverse slot link is the link between two satellites in the opposite direction. Seam links are difficult to establish or can only be established for a short time.
  • Fig. 3 is a two-dimensional schematic diagram of a polar orbit constellation, and the inclination angle of each orbit is fixed at 90 degrees (satellite orbits pass through the polar sky).
  • the delay of the satellite backhaul link involved in the embodiment of the present application can be understood as the delay between the RAN and the 5GC backhauled by the satellite.
  • the latency of communication between RAN and UPF via satellite link can be understood as the delay between the RAN and the 5GC backhauled by the satellite.
  • the forwarding path on the satellite has certain stability within a period of time.
  • the period of time can be a period of time when the reverse slot is not passing through, or a period of time when the reverse slot is passing.
  • the delay of the transmission link is stable.
  • the time delay estimated and reported in the following embodiments of the present application may be the time delay of the backhaul link within a certain period of time (for example, the time period when the reverse seam is not transiting, or the time period when the reverse seam is transiting).
  • the switching of satellite links and the movement of satellite positions may cause small changes in the delay of the backhaul link, such as a small increase or decrease in the number of hops in the forwarding path, but the overall delay level is generally relatively low within a period of time. Stablize.
  • the time delay of the backhaul link can be estimated based on the orbital height of the satellites, the straight-line distance between the satellites, and the hops of the on-board forwarding path.
  • the delay of the backhaul link in the segment can be represented by the estimated worst delay, average delay or typical delay The delay of the backhaul link in the segment.
  • the movement of the satellite and the dynamic change of the constellation topology may cause the delay level of the backhaul link between two points relying on satellite network communication to change over time or depend on the specific location of the two points on the ground, that is to say The type of satellite orbit does not necessarily accurately reflect the delay of the backhaul link.
  • the reverse seam leads to the need to establish a different-orbit inter-satellite link (for example, it is necessary to bypass the pole to establish a link, resulting in a longer forwarding path); when the reverse seam does not pass through the border, the forwarding path does not need to pass through the reverse seam, Therefore, the forwarding path on the star when the reverse seam passes through is longer than the forwarding path when the reverse seam does not pass through.
  • the forwarding path on the star is long and the time of the return link The extension is larger.
  • the time delay of the backhaul link may cause the time delay of the backhaul link to far exceed the time delay of the backhaul link estimated according to the orbit height.
  • the satellite types can include GEO, MEO, LEO, and Other SAT.
  • 3GPP defines four new wireless access types and backhaul types in this way, which are used to distinguish different satellite access and satellite backhaul.
  • the backhaul type also defines non-satellite backhaul (that is, ground backhaul).
  • GEO satellites are stationary relative to the ground, and their orbit height is about 35786km. A single satellite can cover a large area, but the propagation delay is relatively high; MEO orbit height is about 5000km-10000km; LEO orbit height is about 500Km-1500Km, with The incoming propagation delay is lower than GEO.
  • the return type information is mainly reported to the PCF and AF for estimating the return delay and making policy decisions.
  • the PCF can determine that the delay is large based on the GEO orbit type, so as to decide to release the session; for example, the AF performs application layer coding compensation or transport layer policy adjustment when the delay becomes large.
  • the satellite operation and control information involved in this application includes, but is not limited to, predictable information such as the coverage position of the satellite at different times, the topology of the constellation, and the ephemeris information of the satellite.
  • the ephemeris information of the satellite includes orbital parameters, or parameters such as the position of the satellite calculated based on the orbital parameters. It can be understood that the ephemeris information of the satellite can be used to calculate, predict, describe, or track the flight time of the satellite, position, speed, etc.
  • Protocol data unit (protocol data unit, PDU) session.
  • a PDU session is an association between a terminal device and a DN, and is used to provide a PDU connection service.
  • the actual backhaul link delay may be different from the time delay of the backhaul link estimated by the orbital height, which does not yet exist in 5GS
  • the solution realizes the acquisition and reporting of the satellite backhaul link delay when the constellation is formed through the inter-satellite link as the satellite backhaul link.
  • This application can enhance the function of the network element in 5GS or add a new function to the network element, based on 5GS In this scenario, the corresponding communication process is realized to obtain and report the time delay of the satellite backhaul link.
  • the embodiments shown below do not specifically limit the specific structure of the execution subject of the method provided by the embodiment of the present application, as long as the program that records the code of the method provided by the embodiment of the present application can be run to provide the method according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • the execution subject of the method provided by the embodiment of the present application may be a core network device, or a functional module in the core network device that can call a program and execute the program.
  • for indicating can be understood as “enabling”, and “enabling” can include direct enabling and indirect enabling.
  • enabling can include direct enabling and indirect enabling.
  • information for enabling A it may include that the information directly enables A or indirectly enables A, but it does not mean that A must be carried in the information.
  • the information enabled by the information is called the information to be enabled.
  • the information to be enabled can be directly enabled.
  • the to-be-enabled information may also be indirectly enabled by enabling other information, where there is an association relationship between the other information and the to-be-enabled information.
  • specific information can also be enabled by means of a pre-agreed (for example, protocol-specified) arrangement order of each information, thereby reducing the enabling overhead to a certain extent. At the same time, you can also Identify the common parts of each information and enable them uniformly to reduce the enabling overhead caused by enabling the same information individually.
  • pre-configuration may include pre-definition, for example, protocol definition.
  • predefinition for example, protocol definition.
  • "predefine” can be realized by pre-saving corresponding codes, tables or other methods that can be used to indicate related information in the device (for example, including each network element), and this application does not limit its specific implementation.
  • the "storage" mentioned in the embodiment of the present application may refer to saving in one or more memories.
  • the one or more memories may be provided independently, or may be integrated in an encoder or decoder, a processor, or a communication device.
  • a part of the one or more memories may also be provided separately, and a part may be integrated in a decoder, a processor, or a communication device.
  • the type of the storage may be any form of storage medium, which is not limited in this application.
  • the "protocol” involved in the embodiment of this application may refer to a standard protocol in the communication field, for example, it may include 5G protocol, new radio (new radio, NR) protocol and related protocols applied in future communication systems. Applications are not limited to this.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic flowchart of a communication method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the communication method is applied to a system in which an access network device communicates with a core network device through a satellite backhaul link (for example, the communication system shown in FIG. 2 ).
  • Figure 4 includes the following steps:
  • the first device determines that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link changes.
  • the first device determines that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link changes according to the satellite operation and control information.
  • the satellite operation and control information includes, but is not limited to: at least one item of the coverage position of the satellite at different times, the constellation topology, the ephemeris information of the satellite, and the time indication information when the time delay of the satellite backhaul link changes.
  • the satellite operation and control information may be obtained by the first device, and may also be pre-configured on the first device.
  • the information indicating the time when the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes is configuration information
  • the configuration information includes the time information of the possible change of the return delay.
  • a certain time interval is reverse seam transit/departure; also for example, The forwarding path changes in a certain time interval.
  • the first device determines, according to the satellite operation and control information, that the satellite backhaul link time delay changes when the hop count of the backhaul link forwarding path changes.
  • the first device determines the forwarding path between the satellites in the satellite backhaul link at the first moment according to the coverage position information and constellation topology information of the satellites at different moments in the satellite operation and control information. For example, according to the coverage position information of the satellite at the first moment, it is determined that the access network equipment needs to communicate with the core network equipment through the satellite backhaul link composed of satellite #1, satellite #2, satellite #3 and satellite #4, and further according to the constellation
  • the topology information determines that the forwarding path among satellite #1, satellite #2, satellite #3 and satellite #4 includes satellite #1-satellite #2-satellite #3-satellite #4, and the forwarding path includes 3 hops.
  • the first device according to the coverage position information and constellation topology of the satellite at different times in the satellite operation and control information
  • the structural information determines the forwarding path between the satellites in the satellite return link at the second moment. For example, according to the coverage position information of the satellite at the second moment, it is determined that the access network equipment needs to be transmitted back through satellites composed of satellite #1, satellite #2, satellite #3, satellite #4, satellite #5, satellite #6, and satellite #7.
  • the link communicates with the core network equipment, and further determines the forwarding path between satellite #1, satellite #2, satellite #3, satellite #4, satellite #5, satellite #6, and satellite #7 according to the constellation topology information, including satellite #1-satellite #2-satellite #3-satellite #4-satellite #5-satellite #6-satellite #7, the forwarding path includes 6 hops.
  • the first device determines that the hop count of the forwarding path of the backhaul link at the first moment is 3 hops, and the hop count of the forwarding path of the backhaul link at the second moment becomes 6 hops, which can roughly determine the satellite backhaul at the second moment
  • the link delay is greater than the satellite backhaul link delay at the first moment. For example, when the hop count of the forwarding path of the backhaul link is 1, the delay is 0.1ms, then the delay of the satellite backhaul link at the first moment is 0.3ms, and the delay of the satellite backhaul link at the second moment is 0.6ms .
  • the reason why the above-mentioned hop count of the forwarding path of the satellite backhaul link changes may be that the reverse seam passes through the border.
  • the first device determines, according to the satellite operation and control information, the time delay change of the satellite return link when the reverse slot crossing occurs.
  • the first device determines, based on the coverage position information and constellation topology information of the satellite at different times in the satellite operation and control information, that the satellite backhaul link does not pass through the reverse slot at the first moment, and the access network device passes through the satellite# 1.
  • Satellite #2, satellite #3 and satellite #4 can communicate with core network equipment through the satellite backhaul link.
  • the first device determines that the reverse seam transit occurs at the second moment when the access network device passes through satellite #1, satellite #2, satellite Only #3, satellite #4, satellite #5, satellite #6, and satellite #7 can communicate with the core network equipment through the satellite backhaul link.
  • the first device determines, according to the satellite operation and control information, the time delay change of the satellite return link when the departure of the reverse slot occurs.
  • the first device determines, based on the coverage position information and constellation topology information of the satellite at different times in the satellite operation and control information, that the satellite backhaul link does not leave the country at the second time, and the access network device passes through the satellite Only #1, satellite #2, satellite #3, satellite #4, satellite #5, satellite #6, and satellite #7 can communicate with the core network equipment through the satellite backhaul link.
  • the first device determines that the reverse seam departure occurs at the third time according to the satellite coverage position information and constellation topology information at different times in the satellite operation and control information, and the access network device passes satellite #1 and satellite #2 , Satellite #3 and Satellite #4 can communicate with the core network equipment through the satellite backhaul link.
  • the first device determines, according to the configuration information, that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link changes.
  • the configuration information includes the time information that the delay of the satellite backhaul link may change. For example, if the configuration information indicates that a certain time interval is the reverse seam transit/departure, then the first device determines that the satellite backhaul link in this time interval Latency changes. Specifically, the configuration information may indicate that the satellite backhaul link does not pass through the reverse seam at the first moment, but at the second moment, the satellite backhaul link has a reverse seam transit, then the first device determines that the satellite backhaul link at the second moment The path delay changes.
  • the first device determines that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link changes in the time interval.
  • the configuration information may indicate that the forwarding path of the backhaul link does not change at the first moment, but the forwarding path of the backhaul link changes at the second moment, then the first device determines that when the satellite backhaul link at the second moment delay changes.
  • the determining by the first device that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link changes according to the satellite operation and control information may be: the first device may determine the moment when the time delay of the satellite backhaul link changes according to the satellite operation and control information.
  • the first device may determine, according to the satellite operation and control information, that the time when the time delay of the satellite backhaul link changes is 10s away from the current time.
  • the satellite operation control information also includes the position information of the RAN and/or the position information of the AMF; or, the satellite operation control information is understood as the satellite operation control information between the RAN and the AMF, and the satellite operation control information between the RAN and the AMF
  • the control information includes satellite operation and control information, RAN location information and AMF location information.
  • the first device determines that the time delay of the satellite return link has changed.
  • the transmission link delay changes.
  • the satellite backhaul link delay refers to the satellite backhaul link delay between RAN and UPF, and generally AMF and UPF are deployed in the same area, and the first device is RAN or AMF
  • the location information of the AMF is relatively easy to obtain, so it can be determined that the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes according to the satellite operation and control information, the location information of the RAN, and/or the location information of the AMF.
  • the satellite operation control information also includes the position information of the RAN and/or the position information of the UPF; or, the satellite operation control information is understood as the satellite operation control information between the RAN and the UPF, and the satellite operation control information between the RAN and the UPF
  • the control information includes satellite operation and control information, RAN location information and UPF location information.
  • the first device determines that the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes according to the satellite operation and control information may be: the first device (such as SMF) determines the satellite backhaul link according to the satellite operation and control information and the location information of the RAN and/or the location information of the UPF The path delay changes.
  • the satellite return link delay may vary depending on whether the constellation supports feedback.
  • the constellation type corresponding to the satellite backhaul link is determined to include the low-orbit satellite LEO polar orbit constellation or the medium-orbit satellite MEO polar orbit constellation, when further determining the satellite backhaul link The accuracy of delay changes is higher.
  • the first device before the first device determines that the delay of the satellite return link changes, it can also first determine whether the constellation type corresponding to the satellite return link is a low-orbit satellite LEO polar orbit constellation or a medium-orbit satellite MEO constellation.
  • Polar orbit constellation when it is determined that the constellation type corresponding to the satellite backhaul link includes a low-orbit satellite LEO polar orbit constellation or a medium-orbit satellite MEO polar orbit constellation, it is further determined that the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes.
  • the method flow shown in FIG. 4 also includes:
  • the first device sends a notification message to the second device.
  • the notification message is used to notify the satellite that the time delay of the backhaul link changes.
  • the first device sends a notification message, including: the access network device notifies the policy control network element and/or the application through the mobility management network element and the session management network element The network element sends the notification message.
  • the first device when the first device is an access network device, a notification message is sent to the mobility management network element, that is, although the second device eventually learns that the delay of the satellite backhaul connection changes, the first device may Unaware finally know Who is the subject of the change in the delay of the satellite backhaul connection is only aware of sending the notification message to the mobility management network element.
  • the mobility management network element and/or the session management network element may change the form/content of the message, but as long as the changed message can be sent to the policy control network element and/or the application
  • the network element notifying that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link has changed can be regarded as the notification message in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the mobility management network element sends a notification message, including: the mobility management network element sends the policy control network element and/or the application network element to the policy control network element and/or the application network element through the session management network element. notification message.
  • the first device when it is a mobility management network element, it sends a notification message to the session management network element, that is, although the second device finally knows that the delay of the satellite backhaul connection changes, the first device can It does not perceive who is the subject that finally knows the change in the delay of the satellite backhaul connection, but only perceives that the notification message is sent to the session management network element.
  • the session management network element may change the form/content of the message, but as long as the changed message can notify the policy control network element and/or the application network element of the satellite backhaul link A change in the delay can be regarded as a notification message in the embodiment of the present application.
  • sending the notification message by the session management network element includes: the session management network element sending the notification message to a policy control network element and/or an application network element.
  • the notification message includes information indicating that the forwarding path changes, information indicating that the reverse seam departs, information indicating that the reverse seam transits, information indicating the duration of the reverse seam departure, or At least one item of information indicating the duration of the reverse seam transit.
  • the duration of departure of the reverse seam can be understood as the time length between the beginning moment of the departure of the reverse seam and the end moment of the departure of the reverse seam; similarly, the duration of the departure of the reverse seam can be understood as The time period between the start moment when a backseam crossing occurs and the end time for that back seam crossing.
  • the start moment of reverse seam transit is the end moment of reverse seam departure; or in other words, the start moment of reverse seam departure is the end moment of reverse seam transit. That is, reverse seam departures and reverse seam transits are events that occur alternately.
  • the first device may determine the time when the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes according to the satellite operation and control information, determine the duration of the timer according to the time, and send the notification message when the timer expires.
  • the first device may determine according to the satellite operation and control information that the time when the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes is 10s from the current time, and then the duration of the timer may be set to 10s.
  • the timer overtime can be understood as the end of the timer timing (or called the point, the time), for example, the timing duration of the timer is 10 seconds, the timer is triggered at the first moment to start counting, then at the second moment (the first Time +10s) The timer is up.
  • the first device may actively report the notification message.
  • the first device may report a notification message based on the request of the second device.
  • the method flow shown in FIG. 4 further includes:
  • the first device receives a request message from the second device, or the second device sends a request message to the first device.
  • the request message is used to request to determine the variation of the satellite backhaul link delay.
  • the receiving the request message by the first device includes: the access network device receiving the request message from the policy control network element and/or through the mobility management network element and the session management network element The request message of the network element is applied.
  • the second device sends a request message to the first device, that is, although the access network device finally determines the delay change of the satellite backhaul link, but
  • the policy control network element and/or the application network element may not be aware of who is the subject of the final determination of the delay change of the satellite backhaul link, but only perceive the change to the session management network element to send the request message.
  • the mobility management network element and/or the session management network element may change the form/content of the message, but as long as the changed message can request the access network device to determine the The change in the delay of the satellite backhaul link can be regarded as the request message in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the mobility management network element receiving the request message includes: the mobility management network element receives a message from a policy control network element and/or an application network element through a session management network element The request message.
  • the second device sends a request message to the first device, that is, although the mobility management network element ultimately determines the delay change of the satellite backhaul link , but the policy control network element and/or the application network element may not be aware of who is the subject that finally determines the delay change of the satellite backhaul link, but only be aware of sending the request message to the session management network element.
  • the session management network element may change the form/content of the message, but as long as the changed message can request the mobility management network element to determine the delay change of the satellite backhaul link, It can be regarded as the request message in the embodiment of this application.
  • receiving the request message by the session management network element includes: the session management network element receiving the request message from a policy control network element and/or an application network element.
  • the second device directly sends the request message.
  • the second device determines that the request message can be delivered based on the constellation information reported by the first device.
  • the method flow shown in FIG. 4 further includes:
  • the second device receives constellation information from the first device, or the first device sends constellation information to the second device.
  • the first device sends constellation information, including: the access network device sends a policy control network element and/or an application through the mobility management network element and the session management network element The network element sends the constellation information.
  • the constellation information is sent to the mobility management network element, that is, although the second device finally obtains the constellation information, the first device may not perceive that the constellation information is finally obtained Who is the main body, and only perceives the constellation information sent to the mobility management network element.
  • the mobility management network element and/or the session management network element may change the form/content of the message, but as long as the changed message can be sent to the policy control network element and/or the application The network element notifies the constellation information, which can be regarded as the constellation information in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the mobility management network element sends the constellation information, including: the mobility management network element sends the policy control network element and/or the application network element to the policy control network element and/or the application network element through the session management network element. Constellation information.
  • the constellation information is sent to the session management network element, that is, although the second device finally obtains the constellation information, the first device may not perceive that the constellation information is finally obtained It only senses who the main body is and sends the constellation information to the session management network element.
  • the session management network element may change the form/content of the message, but as long as the changed message can notify the policy control network element and/or the application network element of the constellation information, it can be regarded as Constellation information in the embodiment of this application.
  • sending the constellation information by the session management network element includes: the session management network element sending the constellation information to a policy control network element and/or an application network element.
  • the constellation information is used by the second device to determine whether to send the request message, and the method flow shown in FIG. 4 also includes:
  • the second device determines whether to send the request message according to the constellation information.
  • the constellation information includes information indicating the constellation type corresponding to the satellite backhaul link, and the constellation type corresponding to the satellite backhaul link includes at least one of the following constellations: low-orbit satellite LEO polar Orbit star constellation, medium orbit satellite MEO polar orbit constellation, LEO inclined orbit constellation, or MEO inclined orbit constellation.
  • the request message may not be sent.
  • the application network element or policy control network element can roughly determine the satellite backhaul link delay change when the constellation type corresponding to the satellite backhaul link is a LEO inclined orbit constellation or a MEO inclined orbit constellation The possibility is small, and there is no need to send a request message for requesting to determine the time delay change of the satellite backhaul link, which saves signaling overhead.
  • the application network element or the policy control network element may send a request message if it knows that the constellation type corresponding to the satellite backhaul link is a LEO polar orbit constellation or a MEO polar orbit constellation.
  • the application network element or policy control network element can subscribe to the satellite return link by sending a request message requesting to determine the change of the satellite return link delay in order to be able to determine whether the satellite return link delay changes in time. Whether the transmission link delay changes.
  • the above-mentioned constellation information also includes capability information of the satellite constellation, for example, the constellation information also includes at least one of the following information:
  • Information used to indicate whether the satellite constellation supports inter-satellite links information used to indicate whether the satellite constellation supports inter-satellite links in the same orbit, information used to indicate whether the satellite constellation supports inter-satellite links in different orbits Information; when the constellation type is a LEO polar orbit constellation and/or a MEO polar orbit constellation, the constellation information further includes information indicating whether the satellite constellation supports reverse slot links.
  • the above-mentioned constellation information also includes the capability information of the satellite constellation, which is more helpful for judging whether the time delay of the satellite backhaul link changes, so as to determine whether to send the request message.
  • the application network element or the policy control network element can determine according to the capability information: when the reverse slot transit occurs, the satellite returns The delay of the link will increase compared to when the reverse seam does not pass through, that is to say, the application network element or policy control network element can roughly determine that the constellation type corresponding to the satellite backhaul link is LEO polar orbit according to the capability information Constellation, and the LEO polar orbit constellation does not support the reverse slot link, the possibility of satellite backhaul link delay changes, you can send a request message for the LEO polar orbit constellation that does not support the reverse slot link .
  • the first device may report the constellation information in newly added signaling.
  • the first device reports constellation information in the session management process, and the method process shown in FIG. 4 also includes:
  • the first device receives a session management request.
  • the session management request is used to request establishment of a session, for example, the session management request is a session establishment request message.
  • the session management request is used to request modification of the session, for example, the session management request is a session modification request message.
  • the above-mentioned session is a session transmitted through the satellite backhaul link.
  • the first device includes an access network device, a mobility management network element, or a session management network element.
  • receiving the session management request by the first device includes: the access network device receiving the session management request from a terminal device.
  • receiving the session management request by the mobility management network element includes: receiving the session management request from the terminal device by the mobility management network element through an access network device.
  • the non-access Non-Access Stratum (NAS) message sent by the terminal device is encapsulated in the N2 message by the access network device, and sent to the mobility management network element, wherein the N2 message includes constellation information.
  • NAS Non-Access Stratum
  • the terminal device may not perceive who is the subject that finally receives the session management request, and only The perception sends the session management request to the access network device.
  • the access network equipment may change the form/content of the message, but as long as the changed message can request the mobility management network element for session management, it can be regarded as the embodiment of this application Session management requests in .
  • the session management network element receiving the session management request includes: the session management network element receives the session management request from the terminal device through the access network device and the mobility management network element.
  • the first device after receiving the session management request, the first device can trigger and determine to report the constellation information.
  • the constellation information may be included in a PDU session management context creation request message or an update message.
  • the first device may also estimate the satellite backhaul link delay, and the method flow shown in FIG. 4 further includes:
  • the first device estimates the time delay of the satellite backhaul link.
  • the first device may estimate the first delay of the current satellite backhaul link after receiving the session management request.
  • the first device estimates the first time delay of the satellite backhaul link according to the satellite operation and control information.
  • the first time delay of the satellite backhaul link includes the time delay when the session management request is received, and/or, the time delay when the time delay of the satellite backhaul link changes, and the satellite operation
  • the control information includes: at least one item of coverage positions of the satellites at different times, constellation topology and ephemeris information of the satellites.
  • the first device estimates the delay of the backhaul link within a period of time when the current delay level is stable based on the satellite operation and control information.
  • the first device may also estimate, based on the satellite operation and control information, the delay of the backhaul link in one or more time intervals in the future where the delay level is stable.
  • the satellite operation control information also includes the position information of the RAN and/or the position information of the AMF; or, the satellite operation control information is understood as the satellite operation control information between the RAN and the AMF, and the satellite operation control information between the RAN and the AMF
  • the control information includes satellite operation and control information, RAN location information and AMF location information.
  • the first device bases the satellite operation and control information on the location information of the RAN and/or the location of the AMF The information estimates the delay of the backhaul link within a period of time when the current delay level is stable.
  • the satellite operation and control information does not include the location information of the RAN and/or the location information of the AMF
  • the first device may also estimate the backhaul chain of one or more time intervals in the future where the delay level is stable based on the satellite operation and control information and the location information of the RAN and/or the location information of the AMF road delay.
  • the aforementioned period of time when the delay level is stable may be a period of time when the hop count of the forwarding path of the backhaul link is basically stable.
  • the time delay of the backhaul link can be estimated within the time period when the hop count of the forwarding path of the backhaul link does not change.
  • the first threshold may be predefined, which is not limited here, for example, the first threshold is 3.
  • the hop count of the forwarding path of the satellite backhaul link can be used to estimate the delay of the satellite backhaul link.
  • the delay will also be larger.
  • the access network equipment communicates with the core network equipment through the backhaul link forwarding path #1 (satellite #1-satellite #2-satellite #3-satellite #4), compared to the access network equipment through the backhaul link
  • the time delay between forwarding path #2 (satellite #1-satellite #2-satellite #3-satellite #4-satellite #5-satellite #6-satellite #7) and the core network equipment is small. Because it is assumed that when the hop count of the forwarding path of the backhaul link is 1, the delay is 0.1 ms, the delay of path #1 is 0.3 ms, and the delay of path #2 is 0.6 ms.
  • the period of time during which the above-mentioned delay level is stable may be a period of time after the reverse seam passes.
  • the first device can directly determine whether the forwarding path changes, the hop count of the backhaul link forwarding path is determined by the bearer network, but the first device can estimate that the forwarding hop count may change greatly based on the ephemeris information.
  • the forward seam is about to cross or the reverse seam is about to leave.
  • the first device can estimate the time delay of the backhaul link within a period of time after the reverse seam passes after determining that the reverse seam will not occur again within a period of time after the reverse seam passes according to the satellite operation and control information .
  • the first device may determine a period of time during which the current delay level is stable according to the satellite operation and control information, and may also determine one or more time intervals during which the delay level is stable in the future according to the ephemeris information.
  • the time delay of the backhaul link estimated by the first device may be: the worst time delay estimated based on the hop count of the largest backhaul link forwarding path within the time interval.
  • the time delay of the backhaul link estimated by the first device may be: an average time delay estimated based on multiple forwarding paths with different numbers of hops within the time interval.
  • the time delay of the backhaul link estimated by the first device may be: a typical delay.
  • the number of hops of the forwarding path of the backhaul link within the time interval includes three possibilities: 3 hops, 4 hops, and 5 hops.
  • Delay #5 estimated based on 5 hops can be used as the delay of the backhaul link; or delay #3 estimated based on 3 hops, delay #4 estimated based on 4 hops, and delay estimated by 5 hops
  • the average delay of #5 is used as the delay of the backhaul link; or when the number of hops of the forwarding path of the backhaul link is 3 hops in the time interval, the delay #3 estimated based on 3 hops is used as the delay of the backhaul link. transmission link delay.
  • the first device may estimate the second time delay of the satellite backhaul link when the estimated time delay of the satellite backhaul link changes.
  • the difference between the method for estimating the second delay and the method for estimating the first delay lies in the timing of the estimation.
  • the estimation of the first delay is in the session management process, and the estimation of the second delay is in determining the satellite
  • the specific estimation method can refer to the above description of estimating the first time delay, which will not be repeated here.
  • the satellite backhaul link time delay (for example, the above-mentioned first time delay and second time delay) may be reported through a notification message.
  • the second device may determine an execution strategy, and the method flow shown in FIG. 4 further includes:
  • the second device determines an execution policy.
  • the notification message is used to notify the satellite of a change in the time delay of the backhaul link, and the second device determines an execution strategy according to the change in the time delay of the satellite backhaul link.
  • the second device is an AF network element.
  • the AF determines that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link changes, it needs to perform coding at the application layer or adjustment of an algorithm at the transmission layer.
  • the AF performs application layer coding or adjustment of the transmission layer algorithm based on the delay of the satellite return link, for example, when the delay is large Coding compensation to guarantee user experience.
  • the second device is a PCF network element, and when the PCF determines that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link changes, session adjustment needs to be performed.
  • the PCF initiates a session release when it finds that the delay of the satellite backhaul link is too large to meet the QoS requirement of the session.
  • the first device can report constellation information (such as reporting constellation information in the session management process.
  • constellation information such as reporting constellation information in the session management process.
  • the PDU session management context creation request message includes constellation information
  • the session management process is completed, based on The communication method that the request message reports the delay change of the satellite backhaul link or the delay of the satellite backhaul link through the notification message. It should be noted that the flow of the communication method shown in FIG. limit.
  • reporting of constellation information shown in FIG. 4 reporting of satellite backhaul link delay variation or satellite backhaul link delay can be understood as different stages, and there is no need to define a strong coupling relationship between them. The following will be described in conjunction with FIG. 5 to FIG. 8 , and details will not be repeated here.
  • the constellation information is not reported (for example, the existing session management process), and after the session management process is completed, the satellite backhaul link delay change or the satellite backhaul link delay is reported based on the request message.
  • the satellite backhaul link delay change or the satellite backhaul link delay is reported based on the request message.
  • reporting the first delay in the session management process does not limit whether to report satellite backhaul link delay change or satellite backhaul link delay based on the request message after the session management process is completed. Specifically, description will be made below in conjunction with FIG. 6 and FIG. 8 , and details will not be repeated here.
  • the first device reports the satellite backhaul link delay change or the satellite backhaul link delay based on the request message; there is no limitation on whether to report the constellation information.
  • the step of estimating the delay of the satellite backhaul link shown in FIG. 4 may be completed by the RAN requesting the UPF.
  • the following will be described in conjunction with specific examples, and will not be repeated here. Specifically, description will be made below in conjunction with FIG. 5 , and details will not be repeated here.
  • the main consideration is that non-geosynchronous satellites such as MEO or LEO form a constellation, so that the current 3GPP solution based on satellite orbit types to define and distinguish satellite backhaul links has some defects, because the movement of satellites and The dynamics of the constellation topology The type of satellite orbit does not necessarily accurately reflect the use of satellite backhaul.
  • the delay between the RAN and the 5GC, the communication method shown in this application can also be applied to geosynchronous satellites forming a constellation or other scenarios where the delay of the backhaul link needs to be estimated.
  • the above-mentioned first device may be an access network device or a mobility management network element.
  • the communication method provided by this application when the first device is an access network device will be described in detail below in conjunction with FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 , and in conjunction with FIG. 7 FIG. 8 introduces in detail the communication method provided by the present application when the first device is a mobility management network element or a session management network element.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic flowchart of another communication method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the communication method is applied to a system in which an access network device communicates with a core network device through a satellite backhaul link (for example, the communication system shown in FIG. 2 ).
  • the first device is the RAN
  • the object (referred to as the second device) to which the first device reports information is the PCF and/or AF
  • the session management process is the session establishment process as an example. illustrate.
  • the first device is an access network device.
  • the access network device may be the RAN, or other network elements capable of implementing the functions of the access network device.
  • the network element with the policy control function may be a PCF, or other network elements capable of implementing the policy control function.
  • the application function network element may be an AF, or other network elements capable of implementing application functions.
  • the network element with the access and mobility management function may be an AMF, or other network elements capable of implementing the access and mobility management function.
  • the user plane network element may be a UPF, or other network elements capable of realizing the function of the user plane network element.
  • Figure 5 includes the following steps:
  • the UE establishes a PDU session.
  • the general PDU session establishment process can be simply described as: UE sends a PDU session establishment request to AMF through RAN, AMF selects SMF to provide services for the PDU session, saves the corresponding relationship between SMF and PDU session, and sends the PDU session establishment request to To the SMF, the SMF selects a corresponding UPF for the UE, establishes a user plane transmission path, and assigns an IP address to it. During this process, SMF will also initiate a session policy control establishment request to SM PCF for establishing session policy control between SMF and SM PCF. During the session policy control establishment process, SMF will save the session policy control and PDU session Correspondence.
  • constellation information is not reported in the session management process, that is, no improvement is made to the specific process of PDU session establishment.
  • PDU session establishment process please refer to the description of the current PDU session establishment process. I won't go into details here.
  • the constellation information is reported in the session management process. Specifically, the constellation information may be included in the session management request message and reported to the policy control network element and/or the application network element. Refer to the description of step S422 in FIG. 4 , which will not be repeated here.
  • the method flow shown in Figure 5 also includes:
  • the RAN receives the request message from the second device, or the second device sends the request message to the RAN.
  • the request message is used to request to determine the variation of the satellite backhaul link delay.
  • the second device may also determine whether to send the request message according to the constellation information. Refer to the description of step S423 in FIG. 4 , which will not be repeated here.
  • the request message can be understood as a subscription message
  • the subscription message is used to subscribe to the delay change of the satellite backhaul link, that is to say, when the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes, the second device It is hoped to receive a notification message, informing the satellite that the delay of the backhaul link has changed, and optionally the notification message also includes the changed satellite backhaul link
  • the delay is so that the second device can determine the execution strategy based on the delay of the satellite backhaul link.
  • the second device is an AF network element, and sending the request message to the RAN by the second device specifically includes the following two methods:
  • the AF sends request messages to the RAN through the NEF, PCF, SMF, and AMF in sequence.
  • the AF sends a request message to the NEF for requesting to determine the change in the satellite backhaul link delay; after receiving the request message, the NEF sends a request message to the PCF for requesting to determine the change in the satellite backhaul link delay.
  • the PCF After receiving the request message, the PCF sends to the SMF a request message (such as, a policy control request trigger (Policy control request trigger, PCRT)) for requesting to determine the change in delay of the satellite backhaul link; the SMF receives After receiving the request message, send a request message to the AMF for requesting to determine the delay change of the satellite backhaul link; after receiving the request message, the AMF sends a request message to the RAN for requesting to determine the delay of the satellite backhaul link Change request message.
  • a request message such as, a policy control request trigger (Policy control request trigger, PCRT)
  • PCRT policy control request trigger
  • the AF sends request messages to the RAN through the NEF, UDM, SMF, and AMF in sequence.
  • the AF sends to the NEF a request message for requesting to determine the change in the delay of the satellite backhaul link; after receiving the request message, the NEF sends a request message to the UDM for requesting to determine the change in the delay of the satellite backhaul link.
  • Request message after receiving the request message, the UDM sends to the SMF a request message (such as PCRT) for requesting to determine the delay change of the satellite backhaul link; after the SMF receives the request message, it sends a request message to the AMF for requesting to determine The satellite backhaul link delay change request message; after receiving the request message, the AMF sends a request message to the RAN for requesting to determine the satellite backhaul link delay change request message.
  • PCRT a request message
  • the second device is a PCF network element, and sending the request message to the RAN by the second device specifically includes: the PCF sends the request message to the RAN through the SMF and the AMF in sequence.
  • the PCF sends to the SMF a request message (such as a policy control request trigger (PCRT)) for requesting to determine the delay change of the satellite backhaul link; after receiving the request message, the SMF sends a request message to the AMF Sending a request message for requesting to determine the change in delay of the satellite backhaul link; after receiving the request message, the AMF sends a request message for requesting to determine the change in delay of the satellite backhaul link to the RAN.
  • a request message such as a policy control request trigger (PCRT)
  • PCT policy control request trigger
  • the RAN determines according to the request message whether the time delay for the second device to acquire the satellite backhaul link changes.
  • the RAN may report to the second device that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link changes through a notification message.
  • the method flow shown in FIG. 5 also includes:
  • the RAN determines that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link changes.
  • the RAN sends a notification message to the second device, or the RAN sends a notification message to the second device.
  • the notification message is used to notify the satellite that the time delay of the backhaul link changes. Refer to the above step S420.
  • the changed delay of the satellite backhaul link may further be acquired, and the method flow shown in FIG. 5 also includes:
  • the RAN determines whether it is necessary to estimate the time delay of the satellite backhaul link.
  • this embodiment mainly considers the case where the RAN determines that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link needs to be estimated.
  • the RAN determines that it is necessary to estimate (or calculate, measure) the satellite return delay.
  • the acquisition and reporting process of the delay of the subsequent satellite backhaul link includes the following methods:
  • Method 1 UPF measures and reports the delay of the satellite backhaul link.
  • the RAN sends at least one delay measurement request to the UPF, or the UPF receives at least one delay measurement request from the RAN.
  • the at least one delay measurement request is respectively used to request the UPF to determine at least one delay.
  • the delay measurement request includes second indication information, the second indication information is used to indicate the moment when the delay measurement request is sent, and the at least one delay is used to determine the satellite backhaul link delay.
  • the second indication information is a time stamp, which identifies the moment when the delay measurement request is sent.
  • the delay measurement request is a newly added message between the RAN and the UPF for requesting the UPF to determine the delay.
  • the delay measurement request may be carried in an existing message between the RAN and the UPF (for example, carried in the PDU session data).
  • the specific form of the delay measurement request is not limited in this embodiment of the present application, and may be any message that can be used to request the UPF to determine the delay of the satellite backhaul link.
  • the UPF measures the time delay of the satellite backhaul link.
  • the RAN sends a delay measurement request to the UPF, where the delay measurement request is used to request the UPF to determine a delay, which is the delay of the satellite backhaul link.
  • the UPF After the UPF receives the delay measurement request, it measures the delay based on the receiving time of the delay measurement request and the sending time of the delay measurement request, which is the delay of the satellite backhaul link.
  • the RAN sends multiple delay measurement requests to the UPF, and the multiple delay measurement requests are respectively used to request the UPF to determine multiple delays, and the multiple delays are used to determine satellite backhaul chain road delay.
  • the UPF after the UPF receives multiple delay measurement requests, it measures multiple delays based on the receiving time and sending time of the multiple delay measurement requests respectively, and uses the average or maximum value of the multiple delays as the satellite response transmission link delay.
  • the method flow shown in FIG. 5 also includes:
  • the UPF sends the time delay of the satellite backhaul link to the second device, or the second device receives the time delay of the satellite backhaul link from the UPF.
  • the UPF sends the satellite backhaul link delay to the SMF based on the configuration information or the request of the SMF.
  • the time delay of the satellite backhaul link is carried in a notification message, and the notification message is used to respond to the above-mentioned request message to notify the second device that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link changes, and optionally the notification message Also includes changed Guard The delay of the satellite backhaul link.
  • the second device is an AF network element
  • the time delay for the UPF to send the satellite backhaul link to the second device specifically includes the following two methods:
  • the UPF sends the time delay of the satellite backhaul link to the AF through the SMF, the PCF, and the NEF in sequence.
  • the UPF sends a notification message to the SMF to notify the second device that the time delay of the backhaul link has changed, and the notification message carries the time delay of the satellite backhaul link; after receiving the notification message, the SMF sends a notification message to the PCF with A notification message for notifying the second device that the delay of the backhaul link has changed, the notification message carries the delay of the satellite backhaul link; after receiving the notification message, the PCF sends a notification message to the NEF for notifying the second device of the backhaul link A notification message of a change in link delay, which carries the delay of the satellite backhaul link; after receiving the notification message, the NEF sends a message to the AF to notify the second device that the delay of the backhaul link has changed The notification message carries the time delay of the satellite backhaul link.
  • the UPF sends the time delay of the satellite backhaul link to the AF through the SMF and the NEF in sequence.
  • the UPF sends a notification message to the SMF to notify the second device that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link has changed, and the notification message carries the time delay of the satellite backhaul link; after receiving the notification message, the SMF sends the notification message to the NEF A notification message for notifying the second device that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link has changed, and the notification message carries the time delay of the satellite backhaul link; after receiving the notification message, the NEF sends a notification message to the AF to notify the second device A notification message for a change in the time delay of the satellite backhaul link, where the notification message carries the time delay of the satellite backhaul link.
  • the second device is a PCF network element
  • the time delay for the UPF to send the satellite backhaul link to the second device specifically includes: the time delay for the UPF to send the satellite backhaul link to the PCF through the SMF.
  • the UPF sends a notification message to the SMF to notify the second device that the delay of the satellite backhaul link has changed, and the notification message carries the delay of the satellite backhaul link; after receiving the notification message, the SMF sends the notification message to the PCF A notification message used to notify the second device that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link changes, and the notification message carries the time delay of the satellite backhaul link.
  • the second device may determine an execution strategy based on the time delay of the satellite backhaul link.
  • the method flow shown in FIG. 5 also includes:
  • the second device determines an execution policy.
  • Method 2 The RAN estimates and reports the delay of the backhaul link.
  • the RAN estimates the time delay of the backhaul link.
  • the RAN may report the time delay of the satellite backhaul link to the second device through the AMF after estimating and obtaining the time delay of the satellite backhaul link.
  • the method flow shown in FIG. 5 also includes:
  • the RAN sends the time delay of the satellite backhaul link to the second device, or the second device receives the time delay of the satellite backhaul link from the RAN.
  • the time delay of the satellite backhaul link is carried in a notification message, and the notification message is used to respond to the above-mentioned request message to notify the second device that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link changes, and optionally the notification message It also includes the changed delay of the satellite backhaul link (for example, the above-mentioned second delay).
  • the second device is an AF network element
  • the time delay for the RAN to send the satellite backhaul link to the second device specifically includes the following two methods:
  • the RAN sends the time delay of the satellite backhaul link to the AF through the AMF, the SMF, the PCF, and the NEF in sequence.
  • the RAN sends a notification message to the AMF for notifying the second device that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link has changed, and the notification message carries the time delay of the satellite backhaul link;
  • the AMF sends a notification message to the SMF for notifying the second device A notification message of a change in the time delay of the satellite backhaul link, the notification message carrying the time delay of the satellite backhaul link;
  • the SMF sends a notification message for notifying the second device of the satellite backhaul link to the PCF A notification message of a change in delay, the notification message carrying the delay of the satellite backhaul link;
  • the PCF sends a notification to the NEF to notify the second device that the delay of the satellite backhaul link has changed message, the notification message carries the time delay of the satellite backhaul link; after the NEF receives the notification message, it sends a notification message to the AF to notify the second device that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link has changed,
  • the RAN sends the time delay of the satellite backhaul link to the AF through the AMF and the NEF in sequence.
  • the RAN sends a notification message to the AMF to notify the second device that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link has changed, and the notification message carries the time delay of the satellite backhaul link; after receiving the notification message, the AMF sends the notification message to the NEF A notification message for notifying the second device that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link has changed, and the notification message carries the time delay of the satellite backhaul link; after receiving the notification message, the NEF sends a notification message to the AF to notify the second device A notification message for a change in the time delay of the satellite backhaul link, where the notification message carries the time delay of the satellite backhaul link.
  • the second device is a PCF network element
  • the delay for the RAN to send the satellite backhaul link to the second device specifically includes: the delay for the RAN to send the satellite backhaul link to the PCF through the AMF and SMF .
  • the RAN sends a notification message to the AMF for notifying the second device that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link has changed, and the notification message carries the time delay of the satellite backhaul link;
  • the AMF sends a notification message to the SMF for notifying the second device A notification message of a change in the time delay of the satellite backhaul link, the notification message carrying the time delay of the satellite backhaul link;
  • the SMF sends a notification message for notifying the second device of the satellite backhaul link to the PCF A notification message of a delay change, the notification message carrying the delay of the satellite backhaul link.
  • the second device may determine the time delay based on the satellite backhaul link. Determine the implementation strategy, the method process shown in Figure 5 also includes:
  • the second device determines an execution policy.
  • Method 3 AMF estimates and reports the delay of the satellite backhaul link.
  • the RAN sends a delay estimation request to the AMF, or the AMF receives the delay estimation request from the RAN.
  • the delay estimation request is used to request the AMF to estimate the delay of the satellite backhaul link.
  • the delay estimation request can be understood as a trigger message, which is used to trigger the AMF to estimate the delay of the satellite backhaul link.
  • the AMF estimates the time delay of the satellite backhaul link.
  • the method flow shown in FIG. 5 also includes:
  • the AMF sends the time delay of the satellite backhaul link to the second device, or the second device receives the time delay of the satellite backhaul link from the AMF.
  • the time delay of the satellite backhaul link is carried in the notification message (for example, the notification message in the above step S512 includes the time delay of the satellite backhaul link), and the notification message is used to respond to the above request message,
  • the second device is notified that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link changes, and optionally the notification message further includes the changed time delay of the backhaul link.
  • the second device is an AF network element
  • the time delay for the AMF to send the satellite backhaul link to the second device specifically includes the following two methods:
  • the AMF sends the time delay of the satellite backhaul link to the AF through the SMF, the PCF, and the NEF in sequence.
  • the AMF sends a notification message to the SMF to notify the second device that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link has changed, and the notification message carries the time delay of the satellite backhaul link; after receiving the notification message, the SMF sends the notification message to the PCF A notification message for notifying the second device that the delay of the satellite backhaul link has changed, and the notification message carries the delay of the satellite backhaul link; after receiving the notification message, the PCF sends a notification message to the NEF for notifying the second device A notification message of a change in the time delay of the satellite backhaul link, the notification message carrying the time delay of the satellite backhaul link; after receiving the notification message, the NEF sends a notification message to the AF for notifying the second device of the satellite backhaul link A notification message of a delay change, the notification message carrying the delay of the satellite backhaul link.
  • the AMF sends the time delay of the satellite backhaul link to the AF through the NEF.
  • the AMF after receiving the notification message, the AMF sends a notification message to the NEF to notify the second device that the delay of the satellite backhaul link has changed, and the notification message carries the delay of the satellite backhaul link; the NEF receives the notification After the message, a notification message for notifying the second device that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link has changed is sent to the AF, where the notification message carries the time delay of the satellite backhaul link.
  • the second device is a PCF network element
  • the AMF sends satellite feedback to the second device
  • the delay of the link specifically includes: the delay of sending the satellite backhaul link from the AMF to the PCF through the SMF.
  • the AMF sends a notification message to the SMF to notify the second device that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link has changed, and the notification message carries the time delay of the satellite backhaul link; after receiving the notification message, the SMF sends the notification message to the PCF A notification message used to notify the second device that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link changes, and the notification message carries the time delay of the satellite backhaul link.
  • the second device may determine an execution strategy based on the time delay of the satellite backhaul link.
  • the method flow shown in FIG. 5 also includes:
  • the second device determines an execution policy.
  • the above describes in detail how the RAN determines that it needs to estimate the delay of the backhaul link in the subscription process in conjunction with FIG. 5 .
  • the following describes in conjunction with FIG. 6 that the RAN determines that it needs to estimate the delay of the backhaul link in the session establishment process.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic flowchart of another communication method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the communication method is applied to a system in which an access network device communicates with a core network device through a satellite backhaul link (for example, the communication system shown in FIG. 2 ).
  • the first network element is the RAN
  • the second device is the PCF and/or AF
  • the session management process is the session establishment process as an example for illustration.
  • the UE sends a session establishment request message to the RAN, or the RAN receives the session establishment request message from the UE.
  • the session establishment request message is used to request establishment of a PDU session.
  • the RAN can trigger reporting of constellation information after receiving the session establishment request message.
  • the following is an example of determining the need to estimate the delay of the satellite backhaul link.
  • the method flow shown in FIG. 6 may also include:
  • the RAN determines whether it is necessary to estimate the time delay of the satellite backhaul link.
  • the acquisition and reporting process of the delay of the subsequent satellite backhaul link includes the following methods:
  • Method 1 The RAN estimates and the satellite reports the delay of the backhaul link.
  • the RAN estimates the time delay of the satellite backhaul link.
  • the time delay of the satellite backhaul link may be reported to the second device through the subsequent process of establishing the session.
  • the method flow shown in FIG. 6 also includes:
  • the RAN sends a session establishment request message to the AMF, or the AMF receives the session establishment request message from the RAN Request a message immediately.
  • the session establishment request message includes the time delay of the satellite backhaul link.
  • the session establishment request message may also carry other information elements (such as information that can uniquely identify the RAN and constellation information), and it should be noted that other information elements are sent to the AMF along with the session establishment request message, which may be Outside of a session establishment request message.
  • information elements such as information that can uniquely identify the RAN and constellation information
  • the session establishment request message sent by the RAN to the AMF correspondingly also includes the constellation information.
  • the AMF sends a PDU session management context creation request message to the SMF, or the SMF receives the PDU session management context creation request message from the AMF.
  • the PDU session management context creation request message also includes the time delay of the satellite backhaul link.
  • the PDU session management context creation request message also includes the constellation information.
  • the SMF sends a session policy control creation or update message to the PCF, or the PCF receives the session policy control creation or update message from the SMF.
  • the session policy control creation or update message also includes the time delay of the satellite backhaul link.
  • the PCF initiates session release when it finds that the delay of the backhaul link is too large to meet the QoS requirement of the session.
  • the session policy control creation or update message also includes the constellation information.
  • the method flow shown in Figure 6 also includes:
  • the PCF sends the time delay of the satellite backhaul link to the AF, or the AF receives the time delay of the satellite backhaul link from the PCF.
  • AF performs application layer coding or transport layer algorithm adjustment based on the delay of the backhaul link, such as performing coding compensation when the delay is relatively large, so as to ensure user experience.
  • the PCF sends the time delay of the satellite backhaul link to the AF through the NEF.
  • the PCF may also send the constellation information to the AF.
  • Method 2 AMF estimates and reports the delay of the satellite backhaul link.
  • the RAN sends a session establishment request message to the AMF, or the AMF receives the session establishment request message from the RAN.
  • the session establishment request message sent by the RAN to the AMF also includes the constellation information.
  • the AMF receives the session establishment request message, it can trigger to estimate the delay of the satellite return link.
  • the method process shown in Figure 6 also includes:
  • the AMF estimates the time delay of the satellite backhaul link.
  • the method flow shown in FIG. 6 also includes:
  • the AMF sends a PDU session management context creation request message to the SMF, or the SMF receives the PDU session management context creation request message from the AMF.
  • the PDU session management context creation request message includes the time delay of the satellite backhaul link.
  • the PDU session management context creation request message also includes the constellation information.
  • the SMF sends a session policy control creation or update message to the PCF, or the PCF receives the session policy control creation or update message from the SMF.
  • the session policy controls the latency of creating or updating messages including satellite backhaul links.
  • the session policy control creation or update message also includes the constellation information.
  • the method flow shown in Figure 6 also includes:
  • the PCF sends the time delay of the satellite backhaul link to the AF, or the AF receives the time delay of the satellite backhaul link from the PCF.
  • the PCF sends the time delay of the satellite backhaul link to the AF through the NEF.
  • the PCF may also send the constellation information to the AF.
  • step S423 it should be understood that, in the case that the PCF and/or AF receive the constellation information, it can be determined according to the constellation information whether to send a request message for requesting to determine the delay change of the satellite backhaul link, and the specific process can refer to the above-mentioned Figure 4 The description of step S423 will not be repeated here.
  • the session establishment process also includes other steps, which are not shown in FIG. 6 , and reference can be made to the description of the current session establishment process, which will not be repeated here.
  • the SMF acquires the subscription data of the terminal equipment from the UDM and subscribes to the subscription data, the SMF selects the UPF, and sends the N4 session establishment request, etc.
  • the SMF obtains the subscription data of the terminal device from the UDM to subsequently establish a session suitable for the terminal device, and subscribes to obtain updated data even when the data is updated.
  • FIG. 7 is a process for AMF to determine the need to estimate the delay of the satellite backhaul link based on the subscription process;
  • FIG. 7 is a process for the AMF to determine the need to estimate the delay of the satellite backhaul link based on the session establishment process.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic flowchart of another communication method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the communication method is applied to a system in which an access network device communicates with a core network device through a satellite backhaul link (for example, the communication system shown in FIG. 2 ).
  • the first device is an AMF or SMF
  • the second device is a PCF and/or AF
  • the session management process is a session establishment process as an example for description.
  • the first device is an access and mobility management functional network element.
  • the access and mobility management functional network element may be an AMF, or other network elements capable of implementing access and mobility management functions.
  • the first device is a network element with a session management function.
  • the network element with the session management function may be an SMF, or other network elements capable of implementing the session management function.
  • Figure 7 includes the following steps:
  • the UE establishes a PDU session.
  • the method flow shown in Figure 7 also includes:
  • the first device receives the request message from the second device, or the second device sends the request message to the first device.
  • the request message is used to request to determine the variation of the satellite backhaul link delay.
  • the second device may also determine whether to send the request message according to the constellation information. Refer to the description of step S423 in FIG. 4 , which will not be repeated here.
  • the request message can be understood as a subscription message
  • the subscription message is used to subscribe to the delay change of the satellite backhaul link, that is to say, when the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes, the second device It is hoped to receive a notification message to notify that the delay of the satellite backhaul link has changed.
  • the notification message also includes the changed delay of the satellite backhaul link, so that the second device can The delay of the road determines the execution strategy.
  • the second device is an AF network element
  • the first device is an AMF
  • the second device sends a request message to the first device specifically including the following two methods:
  • the AF sends a request message to the AMF through the NEF, the PCF, and the SMF in turn.
  • the AF sends a request message to the NEF for requesting to determine the change in the satellite backhaul link delay; after receiving the request message, the NEF sends a request message to the PCF for requesting to determine the change in the satellite backhaul link delay.
  • Request message After receiving the request message, the PCF sends to the SMF a request message (such as, a policy control request trigger (Policy control request trigger, PCRT)) for requesting to determine the change in delay of the satellite backhaul link; the SMF receives After receiving the request message, send a request message to the AMF for requesting to determine the delay change of the satellite backhaul link.
  • Policy control request trigger Policy control request trigger
  • the AF sends request messages to the AMF through the NEF and the UDM in turn.
  • the AF sends to the NEF a request message for requesting to determine the change in the delay of the satellite backhaul link; after receiving the request message, the NEF sends a request message to the UDM for requesting to determine the change in the delay of the satellite backhaul link.
  • a request message after receiving the request message, the UDM sends a request message to the AMF for requesting to determine the delay change of the satellite backhaul link.
  • the second device is a PCF network element
  • the first device is an AMF
  • sending the request message from the second device to the first device specifically includes: the PCF sends the request message to the AMF through the SMF in turn.
  • the PCF sends to the SMF a request message (such as a policy control request trigger (PCRT)) for requesting to determine the delay change of the satellite backhaul link; after receiving the request message, the SMF sends a request message to the AMF Sending a request message for requesting to determine the change of the delay of the satellite backhaul link.
  • a request message such as a policy control request trigger (PCRT)
  • PCT policy control request trigger
  • the second device is an AF network element
  • the first device is an SMF
  • the request message sent by the second device to the first device specifically includes:
  • the AF sends a request message to the NEF for requesting to determine the change in the satellite backhaul link delay; after receiving the request message, the NEF sends a request message to the PCF for requesting to determine the change in the satellite backhaul link delay.
  • Request message After receiving the request message, the PCF sends to the SMF a request message (such as a policy control request trigger (PCRT)) for requesting to determine the delay change of the satellite backhaul link.
  • PCT policy control request trigger
  • the second device is a PCF network element
  • the first device is an SMF
  • the request message sent by the second device to the first device specifically includes:
  • the PCF sends a request message (for example, a policy control request trigger (Policy control request trigger, PCRT)) for requesting to determine the delay change of the satellite backhaul link to the SMF.
  • a request message for example, a policy control request trigger (Policy control request trigger, PCRT)
  • PCRT Policy control request trigger
  • the first device determines according to the request message whether the time delay for the second device to acquire the satellite backhaul link changes.
  • the first device may report to the second device that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link changes through a notification message, and the method flow shown in FIG. 7 also includes :
  • the first device determines that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link changes.
  • the first device sends a notification message to the second device, or the second device receives the notification message from the first device.
  • the notification message is used to notify the satellite that the time delay of the backhaul link changes. Refer to the above step S420.
  • the changed time delay of the backhaul link may further be obtained, and the method flow shown in FIG. 7 also includes:
  • the first device determines whether it is necessary to estimate the time delay of the satellite backhaul link.
  • this embodiment mainly considers the case where the first device determines that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link needs to be estimated.
  • the first device determines that it is necessary to estimate (or calculate, measure) the satellite return delay.
  • the method flow shown in Figure 7 also includes:
  • the first device estimates the time delay of the satellite backhaul link.
  • the first device estimates the time delay of the satellite backhaul link
  • it may report the time delay of the satellite backhaul link to the second device, and the method flow shown in FIG. 7 also includes:
  • the first device sends the time delay of the satellite backhaul link to the second device, or the second device receives The delay of the satellite backhaul link of the device.
  • the notification message in the above step S712 also includes the time delay of the satellite backhaul link. Specifically, refer to the description of S552 above, and details are not repeated here.
  • the second device may determine an execution strategy based on the time delay of the satellite backhaul link.
  • the method flow shown in FIG. 7 also includes:
  • the second device determines an execution policy.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic flowchart of another communication method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the communication method is applied to a system in which an access network device communicates with a core network device through a satellite backhaul link (for example, the communication system shown in FIG. 2 ).
  • the first network element is an AMF or SMF
  • the second device is a PCF and/or AF
  • the session management process is a session establishment process as an example for description.
  • Figure 8 includes the following steps:
  • the UE sends a session establishment request message to the RAN, or the RAN receives the session establishment request message from the UE.
  • the session establishment request message is used to request establishment of a PDU session.
  • the RAN sends a session establishment request message to the AMF, or the AMF receives the session establishment request message from the RAN.
  • the AMF can trigger reporting of constellation information after receiving the session establishment request message.
  • the method flow shown in FIG. 8 may also include:
  • the AMF determines whether it is necessary to estimate the time delay of the satellite backhaul link.
  • the method flow shown in Figure 8 also includes:
  • the AMF estimates the time delay of the satellite backhaul link.
  • the method flow shown in FIG. 8 also includes:
  • the AMF sends a PDU session management context creation request message to the SMF, or the SMF receives the PDU session management context creation request message from the AMF.
  • the PDU session management context creation request message includes the time delay of the satellite backhaul link.
  • the PDU session management context creation request message also includes the constellation information.
  • the method flow shown in Figure 8 also includes:
  • the SMF estimates the time delay of the satellite backhaul link.
  • the SMF sends a session policy control creation or update message to the PCF, or the PCF receives the session policy control creation or update message from the SMF.
  • the session policy controls the latency of creating or updating messages including satellite backhaul links.
  • the session policy control creation or update message also includes the constellation information.
  • the PCF initiates session release when it finds that the delay of the backhaul link is too large to meet the QoS requirement of the session.
  • the method flow shown in Figure 8 also includes:
  • the PCF sends the time delay of the satellite backhaul link to the AF, or the AF receives the time delay of the satellite backhaul link from the PCF.
  • AF performs application layer coding or transport layer algorithm adjustment based on the delay of the backhaul link, such as performing coding compensation when the delay is relatively large, so as to ensure user experience.
  • the PCF sends the time delay of the satellite backhaul link to the AF through the NEF.
  • the PCF may also send the constellation information to the AF.
  • step S423 it should be understood that, in the case that the PCF and/or AF receive the constellation information, it can be determined according to the constellation information whether to send a request message for requesting to determine the delay change of the satellite backhaul link, and the specific process can refer to the above-mentioned Figure 4 The description of step S423 will not be repeated here.
  • the session establishment process also includes other steps, which are not shown in FIG. 8 , and reference can be made to the description of the current session establishment process, which will not be repeated here.
  • the SMF obtains and subscribes to the subscription data from the UDM, the SMF selects the UPF, and sends the N4 session establishment request, etc.
  • estimating and reporting the delay of the satellite backhaul link during the establishment of the PDU session can be understood as determining the initial delay of the satellite backhaul link, and the initial delay Subject to change (eg, changes to the link itself).
  • the satellite return delay may change after the PDU session is established.
  • the method flow shown in Figure 5 and Figure 7 is to subscribe to the delay change of the satellite return link after the PDU session is established. In order to continuously obtain the delay of the satellite backhaul link.
  • sequence numbers of the above processes do not mean the order of execution, and the execution order of each process should be determined by its functions and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiment of the present application.
  • the embodiment shown in FIG. 5 and the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 can be combined, that is, a delay is reported during the session establishment process, and a delay is also reported during the subscription process after the session is established.
  • the embodiment shown in FIG. 7 and the embodiment shown in FIG. 8 may be combined, that is, a time delay is reported during the session establishment process, and a time delay is also reported during the subscription process after the session establishment.
  • the equipment in the existing network architecture is used as an example for illustration (such as network equipment, terminal equipment, etc.). Examples are not limited. For example, devices that can implement the same function in the future are applicable to this embodiment of the application.
  • the methods and operations implemented by devices may also be implemented by components of the devices (such as chips or circuits).
  • each network element includes a corresponding hardware structure and/or software module for performing each function.
  • the embodiment of the present application can divide the functional modules of the transmitting end device or the receiving end device according to the above method example, for example, each functional module can be divided corresponding to each function, or two or more functions can be integrated into one processing module middle.
  • the above-mentioned integrated modules can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software function modules. It should be noted that the division of modules in the embodiment of the present application is schematic, and is only a logical function division, and there may be other division methods in actual implementation. In the following, description will be made by taking the division of each functional module corresponding to each function as an example.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic block diagram of an apparatus 900 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the device 900 includes a transceiver unit 910 and a processing unit 920 .
  • the transceiver unit 910 can implement a corresponding communication function, and the processing unit 920 is used for data processing.
  • the transceiver unit 910 may also be called a communication interface or a communication unit, and when the transceiver unit 910 realizes the function of acquiring information, it may also be called an acquisition unit.
  • the device 900 may further include a storage unit, which may be used to store instructions and/or data, and the processing unit 920 may read the instructions and/or data in the storage unit, so that the device implements the aforementioned method embodiments .
  • a storage unit which may be used to store instructions and/or data
  • the processing unit 920 may read the instructions and/or data in the storage unit, so that the device implements the aforementioned method embodiments .
  • the apparatus 900 can be used to execute the actions performed by the devices in the above method embodiments (such as the above-mentioned core network elements, access network equipment, terminal equipment, etc.), at this time, the apparatus 900 can be a device or can be configured in The components of the device, the transceiving unit 910 is used to perform operations related to the sending and receiving of the device in the above method embodiments, and the processing unit 920 is used to perform operations related to device processing in the above method embodiments.
  • the apparatus 900 is configured to execute actions performed by the first device (access network device, mobility management network element, or session management network element) in the above method embodiments.
  • the processing unit 920 is configured to determine that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link has changed according to the satellite operation and control information;
  • the transceiver unit 910 is configured to send a notification message to the second device, the notification message is used to notify the satellite that the backhaul link delay has changed, and the satellite operation and control information includes: the coverage position of the satellite at different times, the constellation topology and At least one of the ephemeris information of the satellite and the indication information of the time when the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes, wherein the first device includes the access network device, mobility management network element or session management network element , the second device includes a policy control network element or an application function network element.
  • the processing unit 920 determines that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link changes according to the satellite operation and control information, including: determining at the processing unit 920 that the constellation type corresponding to the satellite backhaul link includes a low-orbit satellite LEO polar orbit constellation or a medium-orbit constellation. In the case of an orbiting satellite MEO polar orbit constellation, the processing unit 920 determines that the time delay of the satellite return link changes according to the satellite operation and control information.
  • the transceiver unit 910 is further configured to receive a request message from the second device, where the request message is used to request Determine the delay variation of the satellite backhaul link.
  • the transceiver unit 910 is further configured to send constellation information to the second device, where the constellation information is used by the second device to determine whether to send the request message, wherein the constellation information includes The information of the constellation type corresponding to the channel, the constellation type corresponding to the satellite return link includes at least one of the following constellations: low-orbit satellite LEO polar orbit constellation, medium-orbit satellite MEO polar orbit constellation, LEO inclined orbit constellation, or MEO inclined orbit constellation.
  • the processing unit 920 is further configured to estimate the satellite return link delay according to the satellite operation and control information, the notification message includes the satellite return link delay, and the satellite return link delay includes The time delay when the session management request is received, and/or the time delay when the time delay of the satellite backhaul link changes.
  • the processing unit 920 determines that the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes according to the satellite operation and control information, including: the processing unit 920 determines that the forwarding path of the satellite backhaul link changes according to the satellite operation and control information. At least one of seam departure and reverse seam transit; the notification message includes information indicating that the forwarding path has changed, information indicating that the reverse seam departs, information indicating that the reverse seam transits, indicating that the reverse seam At least one of the information on the duration of the departure of the forward seam, or the information indicating the duration of the crossing of the reverse seam.
  • the processing unit 920 determines that the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes according to the satellite operation and control information, including: the processing unit 920 determines the moment when the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes according to the satellite operation and control information; 920 determines the duration of the timer according to the moment; the sending and receiving unit 910 sends a notification message, including: when the timer expires, the sending and receiving unit 910 sends a notification message.
  • the processing unit 920 determines that the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes according to the satellite operation and control information, including: the processing unit 920 determines that the satellite backhaul link delay is changed according to the satellite operation and control information between the access network device and the core network device.
  • the backhaul link delay changes.
  • the apparatus 900 may implement the steps or processes corresponding to the execution of the first device in the method embodiment according to the embodiment of the present application, and the apparatus 900 may include a unit for executing the method executed by the first device in the method embodiment. Moreover, each unit in the apparatus 900 and other operations and/or functions described above are respectively for realizing the corresponding process of the method embodiment in the first device in the method embodiment.
  • the transceiver unit 910 can be used to execute the transceiver steps in the method, such as steps S410, S424, S422, S421 and S420; the processing unit 920 can be used to execute the processing in the method Steps, such as steps S410 and S425.
  • the transceiver unit 910 can be used to execute the transceiver steps in the method, such as steps S510, S530 and S532; the processing unit 920 can be used to execute the processing steps in the method, such as steps S520 and S531.
  • the transceiver unit 910 can be used to execute the transceiver steps in the method, such as steps S610, S640 and S631; the processing unit 920 can be used to execute the processing steps in the method, such as steps S620 and S630.
  • the transceiving unit 910 can be used to perform the transceiving steps in the method, such as steps S710 and S740; the processing unit 920 can be used to perform the processing steps in the method, such as steps S720 and S730.
  • the transceiving unit 910 can be used to perform the transceiving steps in the method, such as steps S820 and S850; the processing unit 920 can be used to perform the processing steps in the method, such as steps S830 and S840.
  • the apparatus 900 is configured to perform the actions performed by the second device in the above method embodiments.
  • the transceiver unit 910 is configured to receive a notification message from the first device, the notification message is used to notify the satellite backhaul link that the time delay has changed; the processing unit 920 is used to determine the time delay of the satellite backhaul link according to the change in the time delay of the satellite backhaul link Executing a policy, wherein the device includes a policy control network element and an application function network element, and the first device includes the access network device, a mobility management network element, or a session management network element.
  • the transceiving unit 910 is configured to send a request message to the first device, where the request message is used to request to determine the delay change of the satellite backhaul link.
  • the transceiving unit 910 is configured to receive constellation information from the first device; the processing unit 920 is configured to determine to send the request message according to the constellation information.
  • the apparatus 900 may implement the steps or procedures corresponding to the second device in the method embodiment according to the embodiment of the present application, and the apparatus 900 may include a unit for executing the method in the method embodiment performed by the second device. Moreover, each unit in the apparatus 900 and other operations and/or functions described above are respectively for realizing the corresponding process of the method embodiment in the second device in the method embodiment.
  • the transceiver unit 910 can be used to execute the transceiver steps in the method, such as steps S422, S421 and S420; the processing unit 920 can be used to execute the processing steps in the method, such as step S423 and S440.
  • the transceiver unit 910 can be used to execute the transceiver steps in the method, such as steps S510, S550, S551 and S552; the processing unit 920 can be used to execute the processing steps in the method, such as the steps S560, S561 and S562.
  • the transceiver unit 910 can be used to execute the transceiver steps in the method, such as steps S660 , S670 , S661 and S671 .
  • the transceiving unit 910 can be used to execute the transceiving steps in the method, such as steps S710 and S740; the processing unit 920 can be used to execute the processing steps in the method, such as step S750.
  • the transceiver unit 910 can be used to execute the transceiver steps in the method, such as steps S860 and S870.
  • the apparatus 900 is configured to perform the actions performed by the user plane network element in the above method embodiments.
  • the transceiver unit 910 is configured to receive at least one delay measurement request from the access network device; the processing unit 920 is configured to respectively determine at least one delay according to the at least one delay measurement request, wherein the delay measurement request includes It includes second indication information, where the second indication information is used to indicate the moment when the delay measurement request is sent, and the at least one delay is used to determine the delay of the satellite backhaul link.
  • the transceiver unit 910 is configured to send the time delay of the satellite backhaul link to the session management network element.
  • the apparatus 900 can implement the steps or processes corresponding to the execution of the user plane network element in the method embodiment according to the embodiment of the present application, and the apparatus 900 can include a unit for executing the method executed by the user plane network element in the method embodiment . Moreover, each unit in the apparatus 900 and other operations and/or functions mentioned above are respectively for realizing the corresponding procedures of the method embodiment in the user plane network element in the method embodiment.
  • the transceiver unit 910 can be used to execute the receiving sending steps, such as steps S530 and S550; the processing unit 920 can be used to execute the processing steps in the method, such as step S540.
  • the processing unit 920 in the above embodiments may be implemented by at least one processor or processor-related circuits.
  • the transceiver unit 910 may be implemented by a transceiver or transceiver-related circuits.
  • the storage unit can be realized by at least one memory.
  • the embodiment of the present application further provides a device 1000 .
  • the apparatus 1000 includes a processor 1010 and may further include one or more memories 1020 .
  • the processor 1010 is coupled with the memory 1020, and the memory 1020 is used to store computer programs or instructions and/or data, and the processor 1010 is used to execute the computer programs or instructions and/or data stored in the memory 1020, so that the methods in the above method embodiments be executed.
  • the apparatus 1000 includes one or more processors 1010 .
  • the memory 1020 may be integrated with the processor 1010, or set separately.
  • the apparatus 1000 may further include a transceiver 1030, and the transceiver 1030 is used for receiving and/or sending signals.
  • the processor 1010 is configured to control the transceiver 1030 to receive and/or send signals.
  • the apparatus 1000 is used to implement operations performed by devices (such as the above-mentioned network elements of the core network, access network devices, terminal devices, etc.) in the above method embodiments.
  • devices such as the above-mentioned network elements of the core network, access network devices, terminal devices, etc.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which is stored a computer for implementing the method performed by the device (such as each core network element, access network device, terminal device, etc.) in the above method embodiment instruction.
  • the computer program when executed by a computer, the computer can implement the method performed by the network device in the foregoing method embodiments.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a computer program product containing instructions, which, when executed by a computer, enable the computer to implement the devices in the above method embodiments (such as the above-mentioned core network elements, access network devices, terminal devices, etc.) method of execution.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a communication system, which includes the devices in the above embodiments (such as the above-mentioned network elements of the core network, access network devices, terminal devices, etc.).
  • processors mentioned in the embodiment of the present application may be a central processing unit (central processing unit, CPU), and may also be other general purpose processors, digital signal processors (digital signal processor, DSP), application specific integrated circuits ( application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), off-the-shelf programmable gate array (field programmable gate array, FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc.
  • a general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, or the processor may be any conventional processor, or the like.
  • the memory mentioned in the embodiments of the present application may be a volatile memory and/or a nonvolatile memory.
  • the non-volatile memory can be read-only memory (read-only memory, ROM), programmable read-only memory (programmable ROM, PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (erasable PROM, EPROM), electrically programmable Erases programmable read-only memory (electrically EPROM, EEPROM) or flash memory.
  • the volatile memory may be random access memory (random access memory, RAM).
  • RAM random access memory
  • RAM can be used as an external cache.
  • RAM may include the following forms: static random access memory (static RAM, SRAM), dynamic random access memory (dynamic RAM, DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (synchronous DRAM, SDRAM) , double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (double data rate SDRAM, DDR SDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (enhanced SDRAM, ESDRAM), synchronous connection dynamic random access memory (synchlink DRAM, SLDRAM) and direct memory bus random access memory (direct rambus RAM, DR RAM) .
  • the processor is a general-purpose processor, DSP, ASIC, FPGA or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, or discrete hardware components
  • the memory storage module may be integrated in the processor.
  • memories described herein are intended to include, but are not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memories.
  • the disclosed devices and methods may be implemented in other ways.
  • the device embodiments described above are only illustrative.
  • the division of the units is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods.
  • multiple units or components can be combined or May be integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored, or not implemented.
  • the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces, and the indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units may be in electrical, mechanical or other forms.
  • the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple network units. Part or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to implement the solutions provided in this application.
  • each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one unit, each unit may exist separately physically, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
  • the computer can be a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable devices.
  • the computer may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device.
  • the computer instructions may be stored in or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium, for example, the computer instructions may be transmitted from a website, computer, server or data center Transmission to another website site, computer, server, or data center by wired (eg, coaxial cable, optical fiber, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (eg, infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.).
  • the computer-readable storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer, or a data storage device such as a server or a data center integrated with one or more available media.
  • the available medium may be a magnetic medium (for example, a floppy disk, a hard disk, or a magnetic tape), an optical medium (for example, DVD), or a semiconductor medium (for example, a solid state disk (solid state disk, SSD), etc.
  • the aforementioned available medium may include But not limited to: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (read-only memory, ROM), random access memory (random access memory, RAM), magnetic disk or optical disk and other media that can store program codes.

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Abstract

Embodiments of the present application provide a communication method and apparatus. The method is applied to a system in which an access network device communicates with a core network device by means of a satellite backhaul link, and comprises: a first device determines, according to satellite operation and control information, a change in a time delay of the satellite backhaul link, and sends to a second device a notification message used for notifying the change in the time delay of the satellite backhaul link, the satellite operation and control information comprising at least one of the coverage positions of a satellite at different moments, a constellation topological structure, ephemeris information of the satellite, and moment indication information of the change in the time delay of the satellite backhaul link, wherein the first device comprises an access network device, a mobility management network element, or a session management network element, and the second device comprises a policy control network element or an application function network element. By reporting the change in the time delay of the satellite backhaul link, the second device can know the change in the time delay of the satellite backhaul link in time.

Description

通信方法和装置Communication method and device
本申请要求于2022年02月23日提交中国专利局、申请号为202210166349.7、申请名称为“通信方法和装置”的中国专利申请和于2022年03月29日提交中国专利局、申请号为202210316830.X、申请名称为“通信方法和装置”的中国专利申请的优先权，通过引用结合在本申请中。This application requires a Chinese patent application submitted to the China Patent Office on February 23, 2022, with the application number 202210166349.7, and the application title is "Communication Method and Device" and submitted to the China Patent Office on March 29, 2022, with the application number 202210316830 .X. The priority of the Chinese patent application titled "Communication Method and Apparatus" is hereby incorporated by reference into this application.
技术领域technical field
本申请实施例涉及通信领域，并且，更具体地，涉及一种通信方法和装置。The embodiments of the present application relate to the communication field, and, more specifically, relate to a communication method and device.
背景技术Background technique
目前卫星通信与5G通信***(the 5th-generation mobile communications system，5GS)融合技术可应用的场景包括：卫星链路作为卫星回传链路，接入网设备通过卫星回传链路与核心网设备通信。在该应用场景下，为了提高通信质量需要考虑接入网设备通过回传链路与核心网设备通信的卫星回传链路的时延，目前可以通过卫星轨道类型反映卫星回传链路的时延，但是卫星回传链路的时延可能会发生变化，因此如何确定该卫星回传链路的时延是否发生变化成为亟待解决的问题。At present, the application scenarios of the fusion technology of satellite communication and 5G communication system (the 5th-generation mobile communications system, 5GS) include: the satellite link is used as the satellite backhaul link, and the access network equipment communicates with the core network equipment through the satellite backhaul link communication. In this application scenario, in order to improve the communication quality, it is necessary to consider the time delay of the satellite backhaul link in which the access network equipment communicates with the core network equipment through the backhaul link. Currently, the time delay of the satellite backhaul link can be reflected by the satellite orbit type. However, the delay of the satellite backhaul link may change, so how to determine whether the delay of the satellite backhaul link has changed has become an urgent problem to be solved.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本申请实施例提供一种通信方法，通过上报卫星回传链路时延发生变化，使得第二设备能够及时获知卫星回传链路时延发生变化。The embodiment of the present application provides a communication method, which enables the second device to know the change in the satellite backhaul link time delay in time by reporting the change in the satellite backhaul link time delay.
第一方面，提供了一种通信方法，该方法可以由第一设备执行，或者，也可以由第一设备的组成部件(例如芯片或者电路)执行，对此不作限定，为了便于描述，下面以由第一设备执行为例进行说明。In the first aspect, a communication method is provided. The method may be executed by a first device, or may also be executed by a component (such as a chip or a circuit) of the first device. This is not limited. For the convenience of description, the following is referred to as The execution by the first device is taken as an example for description.
该通信方法应用于接入网设备通过卫星回传链路与核心网设备通信的***中，具体包括：第一设备根据卫星运控信息确定该卫星回传链路时延发生变化；该第一设备向第二设备发送通知消息，该通知消息用于通知该卫星回传链路时延发生变化，该卫星运控信息包括：不同时刻该卫星的覆盖位置、星座拓扑结构和该卫星的星历信息、该卫星回传链路时延发生变化的时刻指示信息中的至少一项，其中，该第一设备包括该接入网设备、移动性管理网元或者会话管理网元，该第二设备包括策略控制网元或应用功能网元。The communication method is applied to a system in which an access network device communicates with a core network device through a satellite backhaul link, and specifically includes: the first device determines that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link changes according to satellite operation and control information; the first The device sends a notification message to the second device. The notification message is used to notify the satellite of a change in the backhaul link delay. The satellite operation and control information includes: the coverage position of the satellite at different times, the constellation topology and the ephemeris of the satellite Information, at least one of information indicating the time when the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes, wherein the first device includes the access network device, mobility management network element or session management network element, and the second device Including policy control network element or application function network element.
基于上述技术方案，第一设备在确定卫星回传链路的时延发生变化的情况下，可以通过第一通知消息通知第二设备卫星回传链路的时延发生变化，避免第二设备通过卫星轨道类型(卫星回传链路对应的卫星所属的卫星轨道类型一般不会发生变化)确定卫星回传链路的时延无法反映卫星回传链路的时延变化，使得第二设备能够及时获知卫星回传链路时延发生变化。Based on the above technical solution, when the first device determines that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link has changed, it can notify the second device that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link has changed through the first notification message, so as to prevent the second device from passing The satellite orbit type (the satellite orbit type of the satellite corresponding to the satellite backhaul link generally does not change) determines that the delay of the satellite backhaul link cannot reflect the delay change of the satellite backhaul link, so that the second device can timely It is learned that the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes.
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，该第一设备根据卫星运控信息确定所述卫星回传链路时延发生变化，包括：在该第一设备确定该卫星回传链路对应的星座类型包括低轨道卫星LEO极地轨道星座或中轨道卫星MEO极地轨道星座的情况下，该第一设 备根据卫星运控信息确定所述卫星回传链路时延发生变化。With reference to the first aspect, in some implementation manners of the first aspect, the first device determines that the delay of the satellite backhaul link has changed according to the satellite operation and control information, including: If the constellation type corresponding to the link includes a low-orbit satellite LEO polar orbit constellation or a medium-orbit satellite MEO polar orbit constellation, the first setting The device determines that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link changes according to the satellite operation and control information.
通常来说，LEO或MEO等非地球同步卫星通过星间链路组成LEO极地轨道星座或MEO极地轨道星座作为卫星回传链路时，该卫星回传链路延时可能会根据星座是否支持反向缝链路而不同，也就是说在确定卫星回传链路对应的星座类型包括低轨道卫星LEO极地轨道星座或中轨道卫星MEO极地轨道星座的情况下，进一步去确定卫星回传链路时延发生变化的准确度更高。Generally speaking, when non-geosynchronous satellites such as LEO or MEO form LEO polar orbit constellations or MEO polar orbit constellations as satellite return links through inter-satellite links, the satellite return link delay may vary depending on whether the constellation supports feedback. In other words, when the constellation type corresponding to the satellite backhaul link is determined to include the low-orbit satellite LEO polar orbit constellation or the medium-orbit satellite MEO polar orbit constellation, when further determining the satellite backhaul link The accuracy of delay changes is higher.
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，在该第一设备向第二设备发送通知消息之前，该方法还包括：该第一设备接收来自该第二设备的请求消息，该请求消息用于请求确定该卫星回传链路时延变化。With reference to the first aspect, in some implementation manners of the first aspect, before the first device sends a notification message to the second device, the method further includes: the first device receives a request message from the second device, the The request message is used to request to determine the delay change of the satellite backhaul link.
示例性地，第一设备向第二设备发送通知消息上报卫星回传链路时延发生变化，可以是因为接收到第二设备请求确定卫星回传链路时延变化的请求消息，第一设备可以基于第二设备的请求上报，避免在第二设备不需要获知卫星回传链路时延变化的情况下上报。Exemplarily, the first device sends a notification message to the second device to report that the satellite backhaul link delay has changed, which may be because the second device receives a request message requesting to determine the satellite backhaul link delay change. The report can be based on the request of the second device, and the report can be avoided when the second device does not need to know the change of the time delay of the satellite backhaul link.
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，该方法还包括：该第一设备向该第二设备发送星座信息，该星座信息用于该第二设备确定是否发送该请求消息，其中，该星座信息中包括用于指示该卫星回传链路对应的星座类型的信息，该卫星回传链路对应的星座类型包括以下至少一种星座：低轨道卫星LEO极地轨道星座、中轨道卫星MEO极地轨道星座、LEO倾斜轨道星座、或MEO倾斜轨道星座。With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the method further includes: the first device sends constellation information to the second device, and the constellation information is used by the second device to determine whether to send the request message, Wherein, the constellation information includes information indicating the constellation type corresponding to the satellite backhaul link, and the constellation type corresponding to the satellite backhaul link includes at least one of the following constellations: low-orbit satellite LEO polar orbit constellation, medium-orbit Satellite MEO polar orbit constellation, LEO inclined orbit constellation, or MEO inclined orbit constellation.
基于上述技术方案，第一设备可以向第二设备发送星座信息，该星座信息用于第二设备判断是否需要向第一设备发送请求确定卫星回传链路时延变化的请求消息，避免在卫星回传链路时延不可能发生变化的情况下，发送请求消息而带来不必要的信令开销。Based on the above technical solution, the first device can send constellation information to the second device, and the constellation information is used by the second device to judge whether it is necessary to send a request message to the first device requesting to determine the delay change of the satellite backhaul link, so as to avoid When the time delay of the backhaul link is unlikely to change, sending the request message will bring unnecessary signaling overhead.
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，该方法还包括：第一设备接收会话管理请求，该会话管理请求用于请求建立或修改会话，该会话为通过该卫星回传链路传输的会话；该第一设备向该第二设备发送该星座信息。With reference to the first aspect, in some implementation manners of the first aspect, the method further includes: the first device receives a session management request, where the session management request is used to request establishment or modification of a session, and the session is through the satellite backhaul link A session for channel transmission; the first device sends the constellation information to the second device.
基于上述技术方案，在会话建立或修改流程中，第一设备发送星座信息。在现有流程中上报，增加方案的兼容性。Based on the foregoing technical solution, in a process of establishing or modifying a session, the first device sends constellation information. Report in the existing process to increase the compatibility of the scheme.
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，该第一设备为该接入网设备时，该接入网设备接收会话管理请求，包括：该接入网设备接收来自终端设备的该会话管理请求。该接入网设备发送星座信息，包括：该接入网设备通过该移动性管理网元和会话管理网元向策略控制网元和/或应用网元发送该星座信息。With reference to the first aspect, in some implementation manners of the first aspect, when the first device is the access network device, receiving the session management request by the access network device includes: the access network device receiving a session management request from the terminal device The session management request. The access network device sending the constellation information includes: the access network device sending the constellation information to a policy control network element and/or an application network element through the mobility management network element and the session management network element.
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，该第一设备为该移动性管理网元时，该移动性管理网元接收会话管理请求，包括：该移动性管理网元接收来自该接入网设备的该会话管理请求。该移动性管理网元发送星座信息，包括：该移动性管理网元通过会话管理网元向策略控制网元和/或应用网元发送该星座信息。With reference to the first aspect, in some implementation manners of the first aspect, when the first device is the mobility management network element, the mobility management network element receiving the session management request includes: the mobility management network element receiving the request from The session management request of the access network device. The mobility management network element sending the constellation information includes: the mobility management network element sending the constellation information to a policy control network element and/or an application network element through a session management network element.
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，该星座信息还包括以下信息中的至少一种：用于指示该卫星星座是否支持星间链路的信息、用于指示该卫星星座是否支持同轨道星间链路的信息、用于指示该卫星星座是否支持异轨道星间链路的信息；With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the constellation information further includes at least one of the following information: information indicating whether the satellite constellation supports inter-satellite links, information indicating that the satellite constellation Whether to support the same-orbit inter-satellite link information, used to indicate whether the satellite constellation supports different-orbit inter-satellite links;
在该星座类型为LEO极地轨道星座和/或MEO极地轨道星座的情况下，该星座信息还包括用于指示该卫星星座是否支持反向缝链路的信息。In the case that the constellation type is a LEO polar orbit constellation and/or a MEO polar orbit constellation, the constellation information further includes information indicating whether the satellite constellation supports reverse slot links.
进一步地，上述的星座信息中还包括卫星的能力信息，更有助于判断卫星回传链路的 时延是否发生变化。Furthermore, the above-mentioned constellation information also includes satellite capability information, which is more helpful for judging the performance of the satellite backhaul link. Whether the delay has changed.
例如，LEO极地轨道星座不支持反向缝链路，则反向缝过境时卫星回传链路的时延相比于反向缝未过境时会增大。For example, the LEO polar orbit constellation does not support the reverse slot link, and the delay of the satellite return link when the reverse slot passes will increase compared with that when the reverse slot does not pass.
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，该方法还包括：该第一设备根据卫星运控信息估算该卫星回传链路时延；该通知消息中包括该卫星回传链路时延，该卫星回传链路时延包括接收到会话管理请求时的时延，和/或，该卫星回传链路时延发生变化时的时延。With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the method further includes: the first device estimates the satellite backhaul link delay according to the satellite operation and control information; the notification message includes the satellite backhaul link The time delay of the satellite backhaul link includes the time delay when the session management request is received, and/or the time delay when the time delay of the satellite backhaul link changes.
基于上述技术方案，第一设备还可以估算卫星回传链路时延，并将估算的卫星回传链路的时延上报给应用网元或策略控制网元，使得应用网元或策略控制网元能够获知卫星回传链路时延。Based on the above technical solution, the first device can also estimate the delay of the satellite backhaul link, and report the estimated delay of the satellite backhaul link to the application network element or the policy control network element, so that the application network element or the policy control network The unit can know the delay of the satellite backhaul link.
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，该第一设备根据卫星运控信息确定该卫星回传链路时延发生变化，包括：该第一设备根据卫星运控信息确定该卫星回传链路的转发路径发生变化、反向缝离境、反向缝过境中的至少一项；该通知消息中包括指示该转发路径发生变化的信息、指示该反向缝离境的信息、指示该反向缝过境的信息、指示该反向缝离境持续时间的信息、或指示该反向缝过境持续时间的信息中的至少一项。With reference to the first aspect, in some implementation manners of the first aspect, the first device determines that the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes according to the satellite operation and control information, including: the first device determines the satellite return link delay according to the satellite operation and control information. The forwarding path of the satellite backhaul link changes, at least one of reverse seam departure, and reverse seam transit; the notification message includes information indicating that the forwarding path changes, information indicating that the reverse seam departs , at least one of information indicating the reverse seam transit, information indicating the reverse seam departure duration, or information indicating the reverse seam transit duration.
示例性地，卫星回传链路时延发生变化可以是卫星回传链路的转发路径发生变化、反向缝离境、或反向缝过境，则可以通过通知消息通知是卫星回传链路的转发路径发生变化、反向缝离境、或反向缝过境。Exemplarily, the change in the delay of the satellite backhaul link may be the change of the forwarding path of the satellite backhaul link, the departure of the reverse seam, or the transit of the reverse seam, and the notification message may be used to notify that the satellite backhaul link is Forward path changes, reverse seam departures, or reverse seam transits.
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，该第一设备根据卫星运控信息确定该卫星回传链路时延发生变化，包括：该第一设备根据卫星运控信息确定该卫星回传链路时延发生变化的时刻；该第一设备根据该时刻确定定时器的时长；该第一设备发送通知消息，包括：在该定时器超时时，该第一设备发送通知消息。With reference to the first aspect, in some implementation manners of the first aspect, the first device determines that the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes according to the satellite operation and control information, including: the first device determines the satellite return link delay according to the satellite operation and control information. The time when the satellite backhaul link delay changes; the first device determines the duration of the timer according to the time; the first device sends a notification message, including: when the timer expires, the first device sends a notification message.
示例性地，第一设备确定卫星回传链路时延发生变化可以是确定卫星回传链路时延发生变化的时刻，并根据该时刻确定定时器的时长，在定时器超时时通过通知消息通知卫星回传链路时延发生变化。Exemplarily, the first device determines that the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes may be to determine the moment when the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes, and determines the duration of the timer according to the moment, and sends a notification message when the timer expires Notify the satellite that the backhaul link delay has changed.
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，该第一设备根据卫星运控信息确定该卫星回传链路时延发生变化，包括：该第一设备根据该接入网设备和该核心网设备之间的卫星运控信息确定该卫星回传链路时延发生变化。With reference to the first aspect, in some implementation manners of the first aspect, the first device determining that the delay of the satellite backhaul link has changed according to the satellite operation and control information includes: the first device according to the access network device and The satellite operation and control information between the core network devices determines that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link changes.
第二方面，提供了一种通信方法，该方法可以由第二设备执行，或者，也可以由第二设备的组成部件(例如芯片或者电路)执行，对此不作限定，为了便于描述，下面以由第二设备执行为例进行说明。In the second aspect, a communication method is provided, and the method may be executed by the second device, or may also be executed by a component (such as a chip or a circuit) of the second device, which is not limited. For the convenience of description, the following is referred to as The execution by the second device is taken as an example for description.
该通信方法应用于接入网设备通过卫星回传链路与核心网设备通信的***中，具体包括：第二设备接收来自第一设备的通知消息，该通知消息用于通知该卫星回传链路时延发生变化，该第二设备根据该卫星回传链路时延发生变化确定执行策略，其中，该第一设备包括该接入网设备、移动性管理网元或者会话管理网元，该第二设备包括策略控制网元或应用功能网元。The communication method is applied to a system in which an access network device communicates with a core network device through a satellite backhaul link, and specifically includes: the second device receives a notification message from the first device, and the notification message is used to notify the satellite backhaul link If the path delay changes, the second device determines an execution strategy according to the change in the satellite backhaul link delay, wherein the first device includes the access network device, mobility management network element or session management network element, and the The second device includes a policy control network element or an application function network element.
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，该方法还包括：该第二设备向该第一设备发送请求消息，该请求消息用于请求确定该卫星回传链路时延变化。With reference to the second aspect, in some implementation manners of the second aspect, the method further includes: the second device sends a request message to the first device, and the request message is used to request to determine the delay change of the satellite backhaul link .
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，该方法还包括：该第二设备接收来自 该第一设备的星座信息；该第二设备根据该星座信息确定发送该请求消息，其中，该星座信息中包括用于指示该卫星回传链路对应的星座类型的信息，该卫星回传链路对应的星座类型包括以下至少一种星座：低轨道卫星LEO极地轨道星座、中轨道卫星MEO极地轨道星座、LEO倾斜轨道星座、或MEO倾斜轨道星座。With reference to the second aspect, in some implementation manners of the second aspect, the method further includes: receiving, by the second device, the Constellation information of the first device; the second device determines to send the request message according to the constellation information, wherein the constellation information includes information indicating the constellation type corresponding to the satellite backhaul link, and the satellite backhaul link The constellation type corresponding to the road includes at least one of the following constellations: low orbit satellite LEO polar orbit constellation, medium orbit satellite MEO polar orbit constellation, LEO inclined orbit constellation, or MEO inclined orbit constellation.
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，该星座信息还包括以下信息中的至少一种：用于指示该卫星星座是否支持星间链路的信息、用于指示该卫星星座是否支持同轨道星间链路的信息、用于指示该卫星星座是否支持异轨道星间链路的信息；在该星座类型为LEO极地轨道星座和/或MEO极地轨道星座的情况下，该星座信息还包括用于指示该卫星星座是否支持反向缝链路的信息。With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the constellation information further includes at least one of the following information: information indicating whether the satellite constellation supports inter-satellite links, information indicating that the satellite constellation Information about whether to support inter-satellite links in the same orbit, and information indicating whether the satellite constellation supports inter-satellite links in different orbits; when the constellation type is LEO polar orbit constellation and/or MEO polar orbit constellation, the constellation The information also includes information indicating whether the satellite constellation supports backslot links.
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，该通知消息中包括该卫星回传链路时延，该卫星回传链路时延包括该第一设备接收到会话管理请求时的时延，和/或，该卫星回传链路时延发生变化时的时延。With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the notification message includes the satellite backhaul link delay, and the satellite backhaul link delay includes the time when the first device receives the session management request. delay, and/or, the delay when the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes.
以上第二方面及其可能的设计所示方法的有益效果可参照第一方面及其可能的设计中的有益效果。For the beneficial effects of the methods shown in the second aspect and its possible designs above, refer to the beneficial effects of the first aspect and its possible designs.
第三方面，提供了一种通信方法，该方法可以由接入网设备执行，或者，也可以由第一设备的组成部件(例如芯片或者电路)执行，对此不作限定，为了便于描述，下面以由第一设备执行为例进行说明。In the third aspect, a communication method is provided, and the method may be executed by an access network device, or may also be executed by a component (such as a chip or a circuit) of the first device, which is not limited. For the convenience of description, the following The execution by the first device is taken as an example for description.
该通信方法应用于接入网设备通过卫星回传链路与核心网设备通信的***中，具体包括：所述接入网设备接收请求消息，所述请求消息用于请求确定所述卫星回传链路时延变化；所述接入网设备根据卫星运控信息确定所述卫星回传链路时延发生变化；所述接入网设备向用户面网元发送时延测量请求，所述时延测量请求用于请求测量所述卫星回传链路时延，其中，所述卫星运控信息包括不同时刻所述卫星的覆盖位置和/或星座拓扑结构。The communication method is applied to a system in which an access network device communicates with a core network device through a satellite backhaul link, and specifically includes: the access network device receives a request message, and the request message is used to request to determine the satellite backhaul The link delay changes; the access network device determines that the satellite backhaul link delay changes according to the satellite operation and control information; the access network device sends a delay measurement request to the user plane network element, and the time delay The delay measurement request is used to request to measure the delay of the satellite backhaul link, wherein the satellite operation and control information includes the coverage position and/or constellation topology of the satellite at different times.
基于上述技术方案，接入网设备可以在判断需要计算回传链路的时延之后，通过时延测量请求消息，请求用户面网元计算回传链路的时延，简化了接入网设备的操作。Based on the above technical solution, the access network device can request the user plane network element to calculate the delay of the backhaul link through the delay measurement request message after judging that the delay of the backhaul link needs to be calculated, which simplifies the time delay of the access network device. operation.
结合第三方面，在第三方面的某些实现方式中，所述接入网设备根据卫星运控信息确定所述卫星回传链路时延发生变化，包括：所述接入网设备根据卫星运控信息确定所述卫星回传链路的转发路径发生变化、反向缝离境、反向缝过境。With reference to the third aspect, in some implementation manners of the third aspect, the access network device determining that the delay of the satellite backhaul link has changed according to the satellite operation and control information includes: the access network device The operation and control information determines that the forwarding path of the satellite backhaul link changes, the reverse seam departs, and the reverse seam passes.
结合第三方面，在第三方面的某些实现方式中，所述接入网设备根据卫星运控信息确定所述卫星回传链路时延发生变化，包括：所述接入网设备根据卫星运控信息确定所述卫星回传链路时延发生变化的时刻；所述接入网设备根据所述时刻确定定时器的时长；所述接入网设备向用户面网元发送时延测量请求，包括：在所述定时器超时时，所述接入网设备向用户面网元发送时延测量请求。With reference to the third aspect, in some implementation manners of the third aspect, the access network device determining that the delay of the satellite backhaul link has changed according to the satellite operation and control information includes: the access network device The operation control information determines the moment when the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes; the access network device determines the duration of the timer according to the time; the access network device sends a delay measurement request to the user plane network element , comprising: when the timer expires, the access network device sends a delay measurement request to a user plane network element.
结合第三方面，在第三方面的某些实现方式中，所述接入网设备根据卫星运控信息确定所述卫星回传链路时延发生变化，包括：所述接入网设备根据所述接入网设备和所述核心网设备之间的卫星运控信息确定所述卫星回传链路时延发生变化。With reference to the third aspect, in some implementation manners of the third aspect, the determining, by the access network device, that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link has changed according to the satellite operation and control information includes: the access network device, according to the determined It is determined that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link changes according to the satellite operation and control information between the access network device and the core network device.
第四方面，提供了一种通信方法，该方法可以由第一设备执行，或者，也可以由第一设备的组成部件(例如芯片或者电路)执行，对此不作限定，为了便于描述，下面以由第一设备执行为例进行说明。In the fourth aspect, a communication method is provided, and the method may be executed by the first device, or may also be executed by a component (such as a chip or a circuit) of the first device, which is not limited. For the convenience of description, the following is referred to as The execution by the first device is taken as an example for description.
该通信方法应用于接入网设备通过卫星回传链路与核心网设备通信的***中，具体包 括：第一设备接收请求消息，所述请求消息用于请求确定所述卫星回传链路时延变化；所述第一设备根据卫星运控信息确定所述卫星回传链路时延发生变化；或者，在所述第一设备为所述移动性管理网元的情况下，所述第一设备根据配置信息确定所述卫星回传链路时延发生变化；所述第一设备发送通知消息，所述通知消息用于通知所述卫星回传链路时延发生变化，其中，所述第一设备包括所述接入网设备、移动性管理网元或者会话管理网元，所述卫星运控信息包括：不同时刻所述卫星的覆盖位置、星座拓扑结构和所述卫星的星历信息中的至少一项。This communication method is applied to a system in which access network equipment communicates with core network equipment through a satellite backhaul link, specifically including Including: the first device receives a request message, and the request message is used to request to determine the change of the delay of the satellite backhaul link; the first device determines that the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes according to the satellite operation and control information or, when the first device is the mobility management network element, the first device determines that the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes according to the configuration information; the first device sends a notification message , the notification message is used to notify that the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes, wherein the first device includes the access network device, a mobility management network element, or a session management network element, and the satellite operation The control information includes: at least one item of coverage positions of the satellites at different times, constellation topology and ephemeris information of the satellites.
基于上述技术方案，第一设备可以基于接收到的请求消息确定卫星回传链路时延是否发生变换，在卫星回传链路时延发生变化时，通过通知消息上报给应用网元或策略控制网元，使得应用网元或策略控制网元能够获知卫星回传链路的时延发生变化了。Based on the above technical solution, the first device can determine whether the delay of the satellite backhaul link has changed based on the received request message, and report the change to the application network element or policy control through a notification message when the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes The network element enables the application network element or the policy control network element to know that the delay of the satellite backhaul link has changed.
结合第四方面，在第四方面的某些实现方式中，所述第一设备为所述接入网设备时，所述接入网设备接收请求消息，包括：所述接入网设备通过所述移动性管理网元和会话管理网元接收来自策略控制网元和/或应用网元的所述请求消息。所述接入网设备发送通知消息，包括：所述接入网设备通过所述移动性管理网元和会话管理网元向策略控制网元和/或应用网元发送所述通知消息。With reference to the fourth aspect, in some implementation manners of the fourth aspect, when the first device is the access network device, receiving the request message by the access network device includes: the access network device passes the The mobility management network element and the session management network element receive the request message from the policy control network element and/or the application network element. The access network device sending the notification message includes: the access network device sending the notification message to a policy control network element and/or an application network element through the mobility management network element and the session management network element.
结合第四方面，在第四方面的某些实现方式中，所述第一设备为所述移动性管理网元时，所述移动性管理网元接收请求消息，包括：所述移动性管理网元通过会话管理网元接收来自策略控制网元和/或应用网元的所述请求消息。所述移动性管理网元发送通知消息，包括：所述移动性管理网元通过会话管理网元向策略控制网元和/或应用网元发送所述通知消息。With reference to the fourth aspect, in some implementation manners of the fourth aspect, when the first device is the mobility management network element, the mobility management network element receiving the request message includes: the mobility management network element The element receives the request message from the policy control network element and/or the application network element through the session management network element. The sending the notification message by the mobility management network element includes: the mobility management network element sends the notification message to a policy control network element and/or an application network element through a session management network element.
结合第四方面，在第四方面的某些实现方式中，所述方法还包括：所述第一设备根据所述卫星运控信息估算所述卫星回传链路时延，所述通知消息中包括所述卫星回传链路时延。With reference to the fourth aspect, in some implementation manners of the fourth aspect, the method further includes: the first device estimating the satellite backhaul link delay according to the satellite operation and control information, and the notification message Including the time delay of the satellite backhaul link.
进一步地，第一设备确定卫星回传链路时延发生变化时，还可以估算卫星回传链路时延(如，第二时延)，并将估算得到的卫星回传链路时延通过通知消息上报给应用网元或策略控制网元，使得应用网元或策略控制网元能够获知卫星回传链路的时延发生了变化，且获知卫星回传链路的时延大概是多大。Further, when the first device determines that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link changes, it may also estimate the satellite backhaul link time delay (for example, the second time delay), and pass the estimated satellite backhaul link time delay through The notification message is reported to the application network element or the policy control network element, so that the application network element or the policy control network element can know that the delay of the satellite backhaul link has changed, and know the approximate delay of the satellite backhaul link.
结合第四方面，在第四方面的某些实现方式中，所述第一设备根据卫星运控信息确定所述卫星回传链路时延发生变化，包括：所述第一设备根据卫星运控信息确定所述卫星回传链路的转发路径发生变化、反向缝离境、反向缝过境；该通知消息中包括指示该转发路径发生变化的信息、指示该反向缝离境的信息、指示该反向缝过境的信息、指示该反向缝离境持续时间的信息、或指示该反向缝过境持续时间的信息中的至少一项。With reference to the fourth aspect, in some implementation manners of the fourth aspect, the determining by the first device that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link has changed according to the satellite operation and control information includes: The information determines that the forwarding path of the satellite backhaul link changes, the departure of the reverse seam, and the transit of the reverse seam; the notification message includes information indicating that the forwarding path changes, information indicating the departure of the reverse seam, At least one of the information indicating the reverse seam transit, the information indicating the reverse seam departure duration, or the information indicating the reverse seam transit duration.
示例性地，卫星回传链路时延发生变化可以是卫星回传链路的转发路径发生变化、反向缝离境、或反向缝过境，则可以通过通知消息通知是卫星回传链路的转发路径发生变化、反向缝离境、或反向缝过境。Exemplarily, the change in the delay of the satellite backhaul link may be the change of the forwarding path of the satellite backhaul link, the departure of the reverse seam, or the transit of the reverse seam, and the notification message may be used to notify that the satellite backhaul link is Forward path changes, reverse seam departures, or reverse seam transits.
结合第四方面，在第四方面的某些实现方式中，所述第一设备根据卫星运控信息确定所述卫星回传链路时延发生变化，包括：所述第一设备根据卫星运控信息确定所述卫星回传链路时延发生变化的时刻；所述第一设备根据所述时刻确定定时器的时长；所述第一设备发送通知消息，包括：在所述定时器超时时，所述第一设备发送通知消息。 With reference to the fourth aspect, in some implementation manners of the fourth aspect, the determining by the first device that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link has changed according to the satellite operation and control information includes: The information determines the time when the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes; the first device determines the duration of the timer according to the time; the first device sends a notification message, including: when the timer expires, The first device sends a notification message.
示例性地，第一设备确定卫星回传链路时延发生变化可以是确定卫星回传链路时延发生变化的时刻，并根据该时刻确定定时器的时长，在定时器超时时通过通知消息通知卫星回传链路时延发生变化。Exemplarily, the first device determines that the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes may be to determine the moment when the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes, and determines the duration of the timer according to the moment, and sends a notification message when the timer expires Notify the satellite that the backhaul link delay has changed.
结合第四方面，在第四方面的某些实现方式中，所述第一设备根据卫星运控信息确定所述卫星回传链路时延发生变化，包括：所述第一设备根据所述接入网设备和所述核心网设备之间的卫星运控信息确定所述卫星回传链路时延发生变化。With reference to the fourth aspect, in some implementation manners of the fourth aspect, the determining by the first device that the delay of the satellite backhaul link has changed according to the satellite operation and control information includes: the first device The satellite operation and control information between the network access device and the core network device determines that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link changes.
第五方面，提供了一种通信方法，该方法可以由第一设备执行，或者，也可以由第一设备的组成部件(例如芯片或者电路)执行，对此不作限定，为了便于描述，下面以由第一设备执行为例进行说明。In the fifth aspect, a communication method is provided, and the method may be executed by the first device, or may also be executed by a component (such as a chip or a circuit) of the first device, which is not limited. For the convenience of description, the following is referred to as The execution by the first device is taken as an example for description.
该通信方法应用于接入网设备通过卫星回传链路与核心网设备通信的***中，具体包括：第一设备接收会话管理请求，所述会话管理请求用于请求建立或修改会话，所述会话为通过所述卫星回传链路传输的会话；所述第一设备根据卫星运控信息估算所述卫星回传链路时延，所述第一设备发送所述卫星回传链路时延，其中，所述第一设备包括所述接入网设备、移动性管理网元或者会话管理网元，所述卫星回传链路时延包括接收到所述会话管理请求时的时延，和/或，所述卫星回传链路时延发生变化时的时延，所述卫星运控信息包括：不同时刻所述卫星的覆盖位置、星座拓扑结构和所述卫星的星历信息中的至少一项。The communication method is applied to a system in which an access network device communicates with a core network device through a satellite backhaul link, and specifically includes: the first device receives a session management request, and the session management request is used to request establishment or modification of a session, and the The session is a session transmitted through the satellite backhaul link; the first device estimates the satellite backhaul link delay according to the satellite operation and control information, and the first device sends the satellite backhaul link delay , wherein the first device includes the access network device, a mobility management network element, or a session management network element, and the satellite backhaul link delay includes a delay when the session management request is received, and /or, the time delay when the time delay of the satellite backhaul link changes, the satellite operation and control information includes: at least one of the coverage position of the satellite at different times, the constellation topology and the ephemeris information of the satellite one item.
基于上述技术方案，通过在会话建立或修改流程中，第一设备估算卫星回传链路时延，并将估算得到的卫星回传链路时延上报给应用网元或策略控制网元，使得应用网元或策略控制网元能够获知卫星回传链路的时延大概是多大。Based on the above technical solution, during the session establishment or modification process, the first device estimates the delay of the satellite backhaul link, and reports the estimated delay of the satellite backhaul link to the application network element or the policy control network element, so that The application network element or policy control network element can know the approximate delay of the satellite backhaul link.
结合第五方面，在第五方面的某些实现方式中，所述第一设备为所述接入网设备时，所述接入网设备接收会话管理请求，包括：所述接入网设备接收来自终端设备的所述会话管理请求。所述接入网设备发送卫星回传链路时延息，包括：所述接入网设备通过所述移动性管理网元和会话管理网元向策略控制网元和/或应用网元发送所述卫星回传链路时延。With reference to the fifth aspect, in some implementation manners of the fifth aspect, when the first device is the access network device, receiving the session management request by the access network device includes: the access network device receiving Said session management request from an end device. The sending of the satellite backhaul link delay information by the access network device includes: the access network device sends the policy control network element and/or the application network element to the policy control network element and/or the application network element through the mobility management network element and the session management network element. The above-mentioned satellite backhaul link delay.
结合第五方面，在第五方面的某些实现方式中，所述第一设备为所述移动性管理网元时，所述移动性管理网元接收会话管理请求，包括：所述移动性管理网元接收来自所述接入网设备的所述会话管理请求。所述移动性管理网元发送卫星回传链路时延，包括：所述移动性管理网元通过会话管理网元向策略控制网元和/或应用网元发送所述卫星回传链路时延。With reference to the fifth aspect, in some implementation manners of the fifth aspect, when the first device is the mobility management network element, the mobility management network element receiving a session management request includes: the mobility management A network element receives the session management request from the access network device. The delay in sending the satellite backhaul link by the mobility management network element includes: when the mobility management network element sends the satellite backhaul link to the policy control network element and/or the application network element through the session management network element delay.
第六方面，提供一种通信装置，该通信装置包括处理器，用于实现上述第一方面、第三方面、第四方面和第五方面描述的方法中第一设备的功能。In a sixth aspect, a communication device is provided, and the communication device includes a processor, configured to realize the functions of the first device in the methods described in the first aspect, the third aspect, the fourth aspect, and the fifth aspect.
可选地，该通信的装置还可以包括存储器，该存储器与该处理器耦合，该处理器用于实现上述第一方面、第三方面、第四方面和第五方面描述的方法中第一设备的功能。Optionally, the communication device may further include a memory, the memory is coupled to the processor, and the processor is used to implement the first device in the methods described in the first aspect, the third aspect, the fourth aspect, and the fifth aspect. Function.
在一种可能的实现中，该存储器用于存储程序指令和数据。该存储器与该处理器耦合，该处理器可以调用并执行该存储器中存储的程序指令，用于实现上述第一方面、第三方面、第四方面和第五方面描述的方法中第一设备的功能。In one possible implementation, the memory is used to store program instructions and data. The memory is coupled to the processor, and the processor can call and execute the program instructions stored in the memory to implement the first device in the methods described in the first aspect, the third aspect, the fourth aspect, and the fifth aspect. Function.
可选地，该通信的装置还可以包括通信接口，该通信接口用于该通信的装置与其它设备进行通信。当该通信的装置为第一设备时，该通信接口可以为收发器、输入/输出接口、或电路等。 Optionally, the communication device may further include a communication interface, and the communication interface is used for the communication device to communicate with other devices. When the communication device is the first device, the communication interface may be a transceiver, an input/output interface, or a circuit.
在一种可能的设计中，该通信的装置包括：处理器和通信接口，In a possible design, the communication device includes: a processor and a communication interface,
该处理器用于运行计算机程序，以使得该通信的装置实现上述第一方面、第三方面、第四方面和第五方面描述的任一种方法；The processor is configured to run a computer program, so that the communication device implements any one of the methods described in the first aspect, the third aspect, the fourth aspect, and the fifth aspect;
该处理器利用该通信接口与外部通信。The processor communicates with the outside through the communication interface.
可以理解，该外部可以是处理器以外的对象，或者是该装置以外的对象。It can be understood that the external may be an object other than the processor, or an object other than the device.
在另一种可能的设计中，该通信的装置为芯片或芯片***。该通信接口可以是该芯片或芯片***上输入/输出接口、接口电路、输出电路、输入电路、管脚或相关电路等。该处理器也可以体现为处理电路或逻辑电路。In another possible design, the communication device is a chip or a chip system. The communication interface may be an input/output interface, an interface circuit, an output circuit, an input circuit, pins or related circuits on the chip or the chip system. The processor may also be embodied as a processing circuit or logic circuit.
第七方面，提供一种通信装置，该通信装置包括处理器，用于实现上述第二方面描述的方法中第二设备的功能。In a seventh aspect, a communication device is provided, and the communication device includes a processor, configured to realize the function of the second device in the method described in the second aspect above.
可选地，该通信的装置还可以包括存储器，该存储器与该处理器耦合，该处理器用于实现上述第二方面描述的方法中第二设备的功能。Optionally, the communication apparatus may further include a memory, the memory is coupled to the processor, and the processor is configured to implement the function of the second device in the method described in the second aspect above.
在一种可能的实现中，该存储器用于存储程序指令和数据。该存储器与该处理器耦合，该处理器可以调用并执行该存储器中存储的程序指令，用于实现上述第二方面描述的方法中第二设备的功能。In one possible implementation, the memory is used to store program instructions and data. The memory is coupled to the processor, and the processor can call and execute program instructions stored in the memory, so as to realize the functions of the second device in the method described in the second aspect above.
可选地，该通信的装置还可以包括通信接口，该通信接口用于该通信的装置与其它设备进行通信。当该通信的装置为第二设备时，该通信接口可以为收发器、输入/输出接口、或电路等。Optionally, the communication device may further include a communication interface, and the communication interface is used for the communication device to communicate with other devices. When the communication device is the second device, the communication interface may be a transceiver, an input/output interface, or a circuit.
在一种可能的设计中，该通信的装置包括：处理器和通信接口，In a possible design, the communication device includes: a processor and a communication interface,
该处理器用于运行计算机程序，以使得该通信的装置实现上述第二方面描述的任一种方法；The processor is configured to run a computer program, so that the communication device implements any one of the methods described in the second aspect above;
该处理器利用该通信接口与外部通信。The processor communicates with the outside through the communication interface.
可以理解，该外部可以是处理器以外的对象，或者是该装置以外的对象。It can be understood that the external may be an object other than the processor, or an object other than the device.
在另一种可能的设计中，该通信的装置为芯片或芯片***。该通信接口可以是该芯片或芯片***上输入/输出接口、接口电路、输出电路、输入电路、管脚或相关电路等。该处理器也可以体现为处理电路或逻辑电路。In another possible design, the communication device is a chip or a chip system. The communication interface may be an input/output interface, an interface circuit, an output circuit, an input circuit, pins or related circuits on the chip or the chip system. The processor may also be embodied as a processing circuit or logic circuit.
第八方面，本申请提供一种计算机可读存储介质，该计算机可读存储介质中存储有指令，当其在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行上述各方面所述的方法。In an eighth aspect, the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, where instructions are stored in the computer-readable storage medium, and when the computer-readable storage medium is run on a computer, it causes the computer to execute the methods described in the above aspects.
第九方面，本申请提供一种包含指令的计算机程序产品，当其在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行上述各方面所述的方法。In a ninth aspect, the present application provides a computer program product containing instructions, which, when run on a computer, causes the computer to execute the methods described in the above aspects.
第十方面，提供了一种通信***，包括第六方面所示的通信装置和第七方面所示的通信装置。A tenth aspect provides a communication system, including the communication device described in the sixth aspect and the communication device described in the seventh aspect.
第十一方面，提供了一种芯片装置，包括处理电路，该处理电路用于从存储器中调用并运行程序，使得安装有该芯片装置的通信设备执行上述第一至第五方面中任一种可能实现方式中的方法。In an eleventh aspect, a chip device is provided, including a processing circuit, and the processing circuit is used to call and run a program from a memory, so that a communication device installed with the chip device executes any one of the above-mentioned first to fifth aspects. Methods in Possible Implementations.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1示出了本申请实施例适用的5G***的架构示意图。FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of the architecture of a 5G system to which the embodiment of the present application applies.
图2是一种卫星通信与5GS融合的场景示意图。 Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a scenario where satellite communication and 5GS are integrated.
图3是一种极轨道星座的二维展开示意图。Fig. 3 is a two-dimensional expanded schematic diagram of a polar orbit constellation.
图4是本申请实施例提供的一种通信方法的示意性流程图。Fig. 4 is a schematic flowchart of a communication method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
图5是本申请实施例提供的另一种通信方法的示意性流程图。Fig. 5 is a schematic flowchart of another communication method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
图6是本申请实施例提供的又一种通信方法的示意性流程图。Fig. 6 is a schematic flowchart of another communication method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
图7是本申请实施例提供的又一种通信方法的示意性流程图。FIG. 7 is a schematic flowchart of another communication method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
图8是本申请实施例提供的又一种通信方法的示意性流程图。FIG. 8 is a schematic flowchart of another communication method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
图9是本申请实施例提供的装置900的示意性框图。FIG. 9 is a schematic block diagram of an apparatus 900 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
图10是本申请实施例提供的装置1000的示意性框图。Fig. 10 is a schematic block diagram of an apparatus 1000 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行描述。The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
本申请实施例的技术方案可以应用于各种通信***，例如：第五代(5th generation，5G)***或新无线(new radio，NR)、长期演进(long term evolution，LTE)***、LTE频分双工(frequency division duplex，FDD)***、LTE时分双工(time division duplex，TDD)等。本申请提供的技术方案还可以应用于未来的通信***，如第六代移动通信***。本申请实施例的技术方案还可以应用于设备到设备(device to device，D2D)通信，车辆外联(vehicle-to-everything，V2X)通信，机器到机器(machine to machine，M2M)通信，机器类型通信(machine type communication，MTC)，以及物联网(internet of things，IoT)通信***或者其他通信***。The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application can be applied to various communication systems, such as: the fifth generation (5th generation, 5G) system or new radio (new radio, NR), long term evolution (long term evolution, LTE) system, LTE frequency Division duplex (frequency division duplex, FDD) system, LTE time division duplex (time division duplex, TDD), etc. The technical solution provided by this application can also be applied to future communication systems, such as the sixth generation mobile communication system. The technical solution of the embodiment of the present application can also be applied to device to device (device to device, D2D) communication, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, machine to machine (machine to machine, M2M) communication, machine Type communication (machine type communication, MTC), and Internet of things (internet of things, IoT) communication system or other communication systems.
为便于理解本申请实施例，首先结合图1简单介绍本申请实施例适用的通信***。In order to facilitate understanding of the embodiment of the present application, a communication system applicable to the embodiment of the present application is briefly introduced first with reference to FIG. 1 .
作为示例性说明，图1示出了本申请实施例适用的5G***的架构示意图。图1为基于服务化接口的5G网络架构示意图。如图1所示，该网络架构可以包括但不限于以下网元(或者称为功能网元、功能实体、节点、设备等)：As an exemplary illustration, FIG. 1 shows a schematic architecture diagram of a 5G system to which this embodiment of the present application applies. Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a 5G network architecture based on a service interface. As shown in Figure 1, the network architecture may include but not limited to the following network elements (or called functional network elements, functional entities, nodes, devices, etc.):
用户设备(user equipment，UE)、(无线)接入网设备(radio access network，(R)AN)、接入和移动性管理功能(access and mobility management function，AMF)网元、会话管理功能(session management function，SMF)网元、用户面功能(user plane function，UPF)网元、策略控制功能(policy control function，PCF)网元、统一数据管理(unified data management，UDM)网元、应用功能(application function，AF)网元、数据网络(data network，DN)、网络切片选择功能(network slice selection function，NSSF)、认证服务器功能(authentication server function，AUSF)、能力开放功能(network exposure function，NEF)网元、绑定支持功能(binding support function，BSF)网元、统一数据存储(unified data repository，UDR)等。User equipment (user equipment, UE), (wireless) access network equipment (radio access network, (R)AN), access and mobility management function (access and mobility management function, AMF) network element, session management function ( session management function (SMF) network element, user plane function (UPF) network element, policy control function (policy control function, PCF) network element, unified data management (unified data management, UDM) network element, application function (application function, AF) network element, data network (data network, DN), network slice selection function (network slice selection function, NSSF), authentication server function (authentication server function, AUSF), capability exposure function (network exposure function, NEF) network element, binding support function (binding support function, BSF) network element, unified data repository (unified data repository, UDR), etc.
下面对图1中示出的各网元进行简单介绍：The network elements shown in Figure 1 are briefly introduced as follows:
1、UE：可以包括各种具有无线通信功能的手持设备、车载设备、可穿戴设备、计算设备或连接到无线调制解调器的其它处理设备，以及各种形式的终端、移动台(mobile station，MS)、终端(terminal)或软终端等等。例如，水表、电表、传感器等。1. UE: can include various handheld devices with wireless communication functions, vehicle-mounted devices, wearable devices, computing devices or other processing devices connected to wireless modems, as well as various forms of terminals and mobile stations (mobile station, MS) , terminal (terminal) or soft terminal and so on. For example, water meters, electricity meters, sensors, etc.
示例性地，本申请实施例中的用户设备可以指接入终端、用户单元、用户站、移动站、移动台、中继站、远方站、远程终端、移动设备、用户终端(user terminal)、终端设备(terminal equipment)、无线通信设备、用户代理或用户装置。用户设备还可以是蜂窝电 话、无绳电话、会话启动协议(session initiation protocol，SIP)电话、无线本地环路(wireless local loop，WLL)站、个人数字助理(personal digital assistant，PDA)、具有无线通信功能的手持设备、计算设备或连接到无线调制解调器的其它处理设备、车载设备、可穿戴设备，5G网络中的用户设备或者未来演进的公用陆地移动通信网络(public land mobile network，PLMN)中的用户设备或者未来车联网中的用户设备等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。Exemplarily, the user equipment in this embodiment of the present application may refer to an access terminal, a subscriber unit, a user station, a mobile station, a mobile station, a relay station, a remote station, a remote terminal, a mobile device, a user terminal, a terminal device (terminal equipment), wireless communication equipment, user agent or user device. The user equipment can also be a cellular telephones, cordless phones, session initiation protocol (SIP) phones, wireless local loop (WLL) stations, personal digital assistants (PDAs), handheld devices with wireless communication capabilities, computing equipment or other processing equipment connected to the wireless modem, vehicle equipment, wearable equipment, user equipment in the 5G network or user equipment in the future evolution of the public land mobile network (public land mobile network, PLMN) or in the future Internet of Vehicles The user equipment, etc., are not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
作为示例而非限定，在本申请实施例中，可穿戴设备也可以称为穿戴式智能设备，是应用穿戴式技术对日常穿戴进行智能化设计、开发出可以穿戴的设备的总称，如眼镜、手套、手表、服饰及鞋等。可穿戴设备即直接穿在身上，或是整合到用户的衣服或配件的一种便携式设备。可穿戴设备不仅仅是一种硬件设备，更是通过软件支持以及数据交互、云端交互来实现强大的功能。广义穿戴式智能设备包括功能全、尺寸大、可不依赖智能手机实现完整或者部分的功能，例如：智能手表或智能眼镜等，以及只专注于某一类应用功能，需要和其它设备如智能手机配合使用，如各类进行体征监测的智能手环、智能首饰等。As an example and not a limitation, in this embodiment of the application, wearable devices can also be referred to as wearable smart devices, which is a general term for intelligently designing daily wear and developing wearable devices by applying wearable technology, such as glasses, Gloves, watches, clothing and shoes, etc. A wearable device is a portable device that is worn directly on the body or integrated into the user's clothing or accessories. Wearable devices are not only a hardware device, but also achieve powerful functions through software support, data interaction, and cloud interaction. Generalized wearable smart devices include full-featured, large-sized, complete or partial functions without relying on smart phones, such as smart watches or smart glasses, etc., and only focus on a certain type of application functions, and need to cooperate with other devices such as smart phones Use, such as various smart bracelets and smart jewelry for physical sign monitoring.
此外，在本申请实施例中，用户设备还可以是物联网(internet of Things，IoT)***中的用户设备，IoT是未来信息技术发展的重要组成部分，其主要技术特点是将物品通过通信技术与网络连接，从而实现人机互连，物物互连的智能化网络。在本申请实施例中，IOT技术可以通过例如窄带(narrow band，NB)技术，做到海量连接，深度覆盖，终端省电。In addition, in the embodiment of the present application, the user equipment can also be the user equipment in the Internet of Things (Internet of Things, IoT) system. IoT is an important part of the development of information technology in the future, and its main technical feature is that items can be Connect with the network to realize the intelligent network of man-machine interconnection and object interconnection. In the embodiment of the present application, the IOT technology can achieve massive connections, deep coverage, and terminal power saving through, for example, narrow band (NB) technology.
此外，在本申请实施例中，用户设备还可以包括传感器，主要功能包括收集数据(部分用户设备)、接收接入网设备的控制信息与下行数据，并发送电磁波，向接入网设备传输上行数据。In addition, in the embodiment of the present application, the user equipment may also include a sensor whose main functions include collecting data (part of the user equipment), receiving control information and downlink data of the access network equipment, and sending electromagnetic waves to transmit uplink data to the access network equipment. data.
本申请实施例中，用于实现用户设备的功能的装置可以是用户设备，也可以是能够支持用户设备实现该功能的装置，例如，芯片***或可实现用户设备功能的组合器件、部件，该装置可以被安装在用户设备中。In this embodiment of the present application, the device for implementing the function of the user equipment may be the user equipment, or a device capable of supporting the user equipment to realize the function, for example, a chip system or a combined device or component that can realize the function of the user equipment. The means may be installed in user equipment.
本申请实施例中，芯片***可以由芯片构成，也可以包括芯片和其他分立器件。本申请实施例提供的技术方案中，以用于实现用户设备的功能的装置是用户设备为例，描述本申请实施例提供的技术方案。In the embodiment of the present application, the system-on-a-chip may be composed of chips, or may include chips and other discrete devices. In the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application, the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application will be described by taking the user equipment as an example for realizing the functions of the user equipment.
2、(R)AN：用于为特定区域的授权用户设备提供入网功能，并能够根据用户设备的级别，业务的需求等使用不同服务质量的传输隧道。2. (R)AN: It is used to provide network access functions for authorized user equipment in a specific area, and can use transmission tunnels with different service qualities according to the level of user equipment and business requirements.
(R)AN能够管理无线资源，为用户设备提供接入服务，进而完成控制信号和用户设备数据在用户设备和核心网之间的转发，(R)AN也可以理解为传统网络中的基站。(R)AN can manage wireless resources, provide access services for user equipment, and then complete the forwarding of control signals and user equipment data between user equipment and the core network. (R)AN can also be understood as a base station in a traditional network.
示例性地，本申请实施例中的接入网设备可以是用于与用户设备通信的任意一种具有无线收发功能的通信设备。该接入网设备包括但不限于：演进型节点B(evolved Node B，eNB)、无线网络控制器(radio network controller，RNC)、节点B(Node B，NB)、基站控制器(base station controller，BSC)、基站收发台(base transceiver station，BTS)、家庭基站(home evolved Node B，HeNB，或home Node B，HNB)、基带单元(baseBand unit，BBU)，无线保真(wireless fidelity，WIFI)***中的接入点(access point，AP)、无线中继节点、无线回传节点、传输点(transmission point，TP)或者发送接收点(transmission and reception point，TRP)等，还可以为5G，如，NR，***中的gNB，或，传输点(TRP 或TP)，5G***中的基站的一个或一组(包括多个天线面板)天线面板，或者，还可以为构成gNB或传输点的网络节点，如基带单元(BBU)，或，分布式单元(distributed unit，DU)等。Exemplarily, the access network device in the embodiment of the present application may be any communication device with a wireless transceiver function for communicating with the user equipment. The access network equipment includes but not limited to: evolved Node B (evolved Node B, eNB), radio network controller (radio network controller, RNC), Node B (Node B, NB), base station controller (base station controller) , BSC), base transceiver station (base transceiver station, BTS), home base station (home evolved Node B, HeNB, or home Node B, HNB), baseband unit (baseBand unit, BBU), wireless fidelity (wireless fidelity, WIFI ) system in the access point (access point, AP), wireless relay node, wireless backhaul node, transmission point (transmission point, TP) or transmission and reception point (transmission and reception point, TRP), etc., can also be 5G , such as, NR, gNB in the system, or, transmission point (TRP or TP), one or a group (including multiple antenna panels) antenna panels of the base station in the 5G system, or, it can also be a network node that constitutes a gNB or a transmission point, such as a baseband unit (BBU), or, a distributed unit (distributed unit, DU) and so on.
在一些部署中，gNB可以包括集中式单元(centralized unit，CU)和DU。gNB还可以包括有源天线单元(active antenna unit，AAU)。CU实现gNB的部分功能，DU实现gNB的部分功能。比如，CU负责处理非实时协议和服务，实现无线资源控制(radio resource control，RRC)，分组数据汇聚层协议(packet data convergence protocol，PDCP)层的功能。DU负责处理物理层协议和实时服务，实现无线链路控制(radio link control，RLC)层、媒体接入控制(media access control，MAC)层和物理(physical，PHY)层的功能。AAU实现部分物理层处理功能、射频处理及有源天线的相关功能。由于RRC层的信息最终会变成PHY层的信息，或者，由PHY层的信息转变而来，因而，在这种架构下，高层信令，如RRC层信令，也可以认为是由DU发送的，或者，由DU+AAU发送的。可以理解的是，接入网设备可以为包括CU节点、DU节点、AAU节点中一项或多项的设备。此外，可以将CU划分为接入网(radio access network，RAN)中的接入网设备，也可以将CU划分为核心网(core network，CN)中的接入网设备，本申请对此不做限定。In some deployments, a gNB may include a centralized unit (CU) and a DU. The gNB may also include an active antenna unit (AAU). The CU implements some functions of the gNB, and the DU implements some functions of the gNB. For example, the CU is responsible for processing non-real-time protocols and services, and realizing the functions of radio resource control (radio resource control, RRC) and packet data convergence protocol (packet data convergence protocol, PDCP) layer. The DU is responsible for processing physical layer protocols and real-time services, realizing the functions of the radio link control (radio link control, RLC) layer, media access control (media access control, MAC) layer and physical (physical, PHY) layer. The AAU implements some physical layer processing functions, radio frequency processing and related functions of active antennas. Since the information of the RRC layer will eventually become the information of the PHY layer, or be transformed from the information of the PHY layer, under this architecture, high-level signaling, such as RRC layer signaling, can also be considered to be sent by the DU , or, sent by DU+AAU. It can be understood that the access network device may be a device including one or more of a CU node, a DU node, and an AAU node. In addition, the CU can be divided into access network devices in the access network (radio access network, RAN), and the CU can also be divided into access network devices in the core network (core network, CN). Do limited.
3、UPF网元：主要包括以下功能：数据包路由和传输、包检测、业务用量上报、服务质量(quality of service，QoS)处理、合法监听、上行包检测、下行数据包存储等用户面相关的功能。3. UPF network element: mainly includes the following functions: data packet routing and transmission, packet detection, service usage reporting, quality of service (QoS) processing, legal interception, uplink packet detection, downlink data packet storage, etc. function.
在5G通信***中，该用户面网元可以是UPF网元。在未来通信***中，用户面网元仍可以是UPF网元，或者，还可以有其它的名称，本申请不做限定。In a 5G communication system, the user plane network element may be a UPF network element. In the future communication system, the user plane network element may still be a UPF network element, or may have other names, which are not limited in this application.
4、DN：用于提供传输数据的网络。4. DN: It is used to provide the network for transmitting data.
在5G通信***中，该数据网络网元可以是DN网元。在未来通信***中，数据网络网元仍可以是DN网元，或者，还可以有其它的名称，本申请不做限定。In a 5G communication system, the data network element may be a DN network element. In the future communication system, the data network element may still be a DN network element, or may have other names, which are not limited in this application.
5、AMF网元：主要包括以下功能：连接管理、移动性管理、注册管理、接入认证和授权、可达性管理、安全上下文管理等接入和移动性相关的功能。5. AMF network element: mainly includes the following functions: connection management, mobility management, registration management, access authentication and authorization, reachability management, security context management and other functions related to access and mobility.
在5G通信***中，该接入管理网元可以是AMF网元。在未来通信***中，接入管理网元仍可以是AMF网元，或者，还可以有其它的名称，本申请不做限定。In a 5G communication system, the access management network element may be an AMF network element. In the future communication system, the access management network element may still be an AMF network element, or may have other names, which are not limited in this application.
6、SMF：主要用于会话管理、终端设备的网络互连协议(internet protocol，IP)地址分配和管理、选择可管理用户平面功能、策略控制和收费功能接口的终结点以及下行数据通知等。6. SMF: mainly used for session management, Internet Protocol (IP) address allocation and management of terminal equipment, selection of manageable user plane functions, endpoints for policy control and charging function interfaces, and downlink data notification.
在5G通信***中，该会话管理网元可以是SMF网元。在未来通信***中，会话管理网元仍可以是SMF网元，或者，还可以有其它的名称，本申请不做限定。In a 5G communication system, the session management network element may be an SMF network element. In the future communication system, the session management network element may still be an SMF network element, or may have other names, which are not limited in this application.
7、PCF：用于指导网络行为的统一策略框架，为控制面功能网元(例如AMF，SMF网元等)提供策略规则信息等。7. PCF: A unified policy framework for guiding network behavior, providing policy rule information, etc. for control plane functional network elements (such as AMF, SMF network elements, etc.).
8、UDM：可以理解为统一数据管理网元在5G架构中的命名。其中，统一数据管理网元主要包括以下功能：统一数据管理，支持3GPP认证和密钥协商机制中的认证信任状处理，用户身份处理，接入授权，注册和移动性管理，签约管理，短消息管理等。8. UDM: It can be understood as the naming of unified data management network elements in the 5G architecture. Among them, the unified data management network element mainly includes the following functions: unified data management, support for authentication credential processing in the 3GPP authentication and key agreement mechanism, user identity processing, access authorization, registration and mobility management, subscription management, short message management etc.
9、AF：用于提供应用层信息，可以通过网络开放功能网元，与策略框架交互或直接与策略框架交互进行策略决策请求等。 9. AF: It is used to provide application layer information, which can interact with the policy framework or directly interact with the policy framework to make policy decision requests through network open function network elements.
10、NSSF：主要包括以下功能：为UE选择一组网络切片实例、确定允许的网络切片选择辅助信息(network slice selection assistance information，NSSAI)和确定可以服务UE的AMF集等。10. NSSF: mainly includes the following functions: select a group of network slice instances for UE, determine the allowed network slice selection assistance information (network slice selection assistance information, NSSAI), and determine the AMF set that can serve the UE, etc.
11、AUSF：主要包括以下功能：认证服务器功能，与统一数据管理网元交互获取用户信息，并执行认证相关的功能，如生成中间密钥等。11. AUSF: mainly includes the following functions: authentication server function, interacts with unified data management network elements to obtain user information, and performs authentication-related functions, such as generating intermediate keys.
12、BSF：实现会话绑定。具体地，用于AF寻址PCF。12. BSF: implement session binding. Specifically, for AF addressing PCF.
SMF为UE请求建立的会话向PCF请求策略控制时，向PCF提供UE的标识、用户IP地址等信息，PCF将绑定信息(包括但不限于UE的标识、用户IP地址、所选的PCF的标识)注册到BSF。之后UE通过此会话访问AF上的业务时，AF可能需要为UE访问的业务向PCF请求策略授权，AF为此策略授权选择的PCF要和SMF为此会话选择的PCF保持一致，因为此策略授权一般会触发PCF调整针对SMF的关联会话的策略控制。AF可以根据用户IP地址或UE的标识向BSF查询到对应的PCF，然后通过5G定义的N5接口直接向AF请求策略授权。When the SMF requests policy control from the PCF for the session that the UE requests to establish, it provides information such as the UE's identity and user IP address to the PCF, and the PCF binds the information (including but not limited to the UE's identity, user IP address, and ID) registered with BSF. Later, when UE accesses services on AF through this session, AF may need to request policy authorization from PCF for the services accessed by UE. The PCF selected by AF for this policy authorization must be consistent with the PCF selected by SMF for this session, because this policy authorization Generally, the PCF is triggered to adjust the policy control for the associated session of the SMF. The AF can query the corresponding PCF from the BSF according to the user IP address or the identity of the UE, and then directly request policy authorization to the AF through the N5 interface defined by 5G.
13、UDR：主要用于签约数据、策略数据、应用数据等类型数据的存取功能。13. UDR: mainly used for the access function of contract data, policy data, application data and other types of data.
可以理解的是，上述网元或者功能网元既可以是硬件设备中的网络元件，也可以是在专用硬件上运行软件功能，或者是平台(例如，云平台)上实例化的虚拟化功能。It can be understood that the above-mentioned network element or functional network element may be a network element in a hardware device, or a software function running on dedicated hardware, or a virtualization function instantiated on a platform (for example, a cloud platform).
14、NEF：可以理解为能力开放网元在5G架构中的命名。其中，能力开放网元主要包括以下功能：安全的开放3GPP网络功能提供的业务和能力，有内部开放，或者开放给第三方等；转化或翻译与AF交互的信息和内部网络功能交互的信息，如AF服务标识和内部5G核心网信息如数据网络名(data network name，DNN)，单网络切片选择辅助信息(single network slice selection assistance information，S-NSSAI)等。14. NEF: It can be understood as the name of the capability opening network element in the 5G architecture. Among them, the capability opening network element mainly includes the following functions: securely open the services and capabilities provided by the 3GPP network functions, open internally, or open to third parties, etc.; transform or translate the information interacted with AF and the information interacted with internal network functions, Such as AF service identification and internal 5G core network information such as data network name (data network name, DNN), single network slice selection assistance information (single network slice selection assistance information, S-NSSAI), etc.
从图1中可以看出，图1中的各个控制面网元之间的接口是基于服务化的接口。It can be seen from FIG. 1 that the interfaces between network elements of the control plane in FIG. 1 are service-based interfaces.
在图1所示的架构中，各个网元之间的接口名称及功能如下：In the architecture shown in Figure 1, the interface names and functions between each network element are as follows:
1)、N1：AMF与终端之间的接口，可以用于向终端传递QoS控制规则等。1), N1: the interface between the AMF and the terminal, which can be used to transmit QoS control rules and the like to the terminal.
2)、N2：AMF与RAN之间的接口，可以用于传递核心网侧至RAN的无线承载控制信息等。2), N2: the interface between the AMF and the RAN, which can be used to transfer radio bearer control information from the core network side to the RAN.
3)、N3：RAN与UPF之间的接口，主要用于传递RAN与UPF间的上下行用户面数据。3), N3: the interface between the RAN and the UPF, mainly used to transfer the uplink and downlink user plane data between the RAN and the UPF.
4)、N4：SMF与UPF之间的接口，可以用于控制面与用户面之间传递信息，包括控制面向用户面的转发规则、QoS控制规则、流量统计规则等的下发以及用户面的信息上报。4), N4: The interface between SMF and UPF, which can be used to transfer information between the control plane and the user plane, including controlling the distribution of forwarding rules, QoS control rules, traffic statistics rules, etc. Information reporting.
5)、N9：UPF和UPF之间的用户面接口，用于传递UPF间的上下行用户数据流。5), N9: a user plane interface between UPF and UPF, used to transmit uplink and downlink user data flows between UPFs.
6)、服务化的接口Nnssf、Nudr、Nausf、Nbsf、Namf、Npcf、Nsmf、Nudm、Nnef、Naf分别为上述NSSF、UDR、AUSF、BSF、AMF、PCF、SMF、UDM、NEF和AF提供的服务化接口，用于调用相应的服务化操作。6) The service interfaces Nnssf, Nudr, Nausf, Nbsf, Namf, Npcf, Nsmf, Nudm, Nnef, and Naf are respectively provided by the above-mentioned NSSF, UDR, AUSF, BSF, AMF, PCF, SMF, UDM, NEF, and AF The service interface is used to call the corresponding service operation.
7)、N6：UPF与DN的接口，用于传递UPF与DN之间的上下行用户数据流。7), N6: interface between UPF and DN, used to transmit uplink and downlink user data flow between UPF and DN.
N1、N2、N3、N4，以及N6为接口序列号。这些接口序列号的含义可参见第三代合作伙伴计划(3rd generation partnership project，3GPP)标准协议中定义的含义，在此不做限制。 N1, N2, N3, N4, and N6 are interface serial numbers. The meanings of these interface serial numbers may refer to the meanings defined in the third generation partnership project (3rd generation partnership project, 3GPP) standard agreement, and there is no limitation here.
需要说明的是，各个控制面网元之间的接口还可以是点对点的接口，这里不再赘述。It should be noted that the interfaces between network elements of the control plane may also be point-to-point interfaces, which will not be repeated here.
应理解，上述本申请实施例能够应用的网络架构仅是示例性说明，本申请实施例适用的网络架构并不局限于此，任何包括能够实现上述各个网元的功能的网络架构都适用于本申请实施例。It should be understood that the above-mentioned network architecture applicable to the embodiment of the present application is only an illustration, and the applicable network architecture of the embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto. Any network architecture that can implement the functions of the above-mentioned network elements is applicable to this application Application example.
还应理解，图1所示的AMF、SMF、UPF、PCF、UDM等可以理解为用于实现不同功能的网元，例如可以按需组合成网络切片。这些网元可以各自独立的设备，也可以集成于同一设备中实现不同的功能，或者可以是硬件设备中的网络元件，也可以是在专用硬件上运行的软件功能，或者是平台(例如，云平台)上实例化的虚拟化功能，本申请对于上述网元的具体形态不作限定。It should also be understood that AMF, SMF, UPF, PCF, UDM, etc. shown in FIG. 1 can be understood as network elements for implementing different functions, for example, they can be combined into network slices as required. These network elements can be independent devices, or can be integrated in the same device to achieve different functions, or can be network elements in hardware devices, or software functions running on dedicated hardware, or platforms (for example, cloud The virtualization function instantiated on the platform), this application does not limit the specific form of the above network elements.
还应理解，上述命名仅为便于区分不同的功能而定义，不应对本申请构成任何限定。本申请并不排除在5G网络以及未来其它的网络中采用其他命名的可能。例如，在6G网络中，上述各个网元中的部分或全部可以沿用5G中的术语，也可能采用其他名称等。It should also be understood that the above names are only defined for the convenience of distinguishing different functions, and shall not constitute any limitation to the present application. This application does not exclude the possibility of using other names in the 5G network and other networks in the future. For example, in a 6G network, some or all of the above network elements may use the terms in 5G, or may use other names.
还应理解，图1的各个网元之间的接口名称只是一个示例，具体实现中接口的名称可能为其他的名称，本申请对此不作具体限定。此外，上述各个网元之间的所传输的消息(或信令)的名称也仅仅是一个示例，对消息本身的功能不构成任何限定。It should also be understood that the name of the interface between network elements in FIG. 1 is just an example, and the name of the interface in a specific implementation may be another name, which is not specifically limited in this application. In addition, the name of the message (or signaling) transmitted between the above network elements is only an example, and does not constitute any limitation on the function of the message itself.
目前基于图1所述的5G通信***架构，提出卫星通信与5G通信***(the 5th-generation mobile communications system，5GS)融合技术。该卫星通信与5GS融合技术可应用的场景包括：卫星链路作为回传链路，接入网设备通过回传链路与核心网设备(如，图1中所示的UPF)通信，在该应用场景下，为了提高通信质量需要考虑接入网设备通过回传链路与核心网设备通信的回传链路的时延。但是目前卫星通信与5GS融合技术未涉及回传链路的时延的获取和上报，影响通信质量。At present, based on the 5G communication system architecture described in Figure 1, the fusion technology of satellite communication and 5G communication system (the 5th-generation mobile communications system, 5GS) is proposed. The scenarios where the satellite communication and 5GS fusion technology can be applied include: the satellite link is used as the backhaul link, and the access network equipment communicates with the core network equipment (such as the UPF shown in Figure 1) through the backhaul link. In the application scenario, in order to improve the communication quality, it is necessary to consider the delay of the backhaul link in which the access network equipment communicates with the core network equipment through the backhaul link. However, the current satellite communication and 5GS fusion technology does not involve the acquisition and reporting of the time delay of the backhaul link, which affects the communication quality.
为了解决目前卫星通信与5GS融合的方法中存在的问题，本申请提供一种通信方法，能够通过上报卫星回传链路时延发生变化，使得第二设备能够及时获知卫星回传链路时延发生变化，提高通信质量。In order to solve the problems existing in the current method of integrating satellite communication and 5GS, this application provides a communication method that can report changes in the delay of the satellite backhaul link, so that the second device can know the delay of the satellite backhaul link in time changes to improve communication quality.
应理解，本申请实施例提供的方法可以应用于5G通信***，例如，图1所示的通信***。但是，本申请实施例中并不限定该方法能够应用的场景，例如，其他包括能够实现相应功能的网元的网络架构中同样适用。It should be understood that the method provided in the embodiment of the present application may be applied to a 5G communication system, for example, the communication system shown in FIG. 1 . However, this embodiment of the present application does not limit the applicable scenarios of the method, for example, it is also applicable to other network architectures including network elements capable of implementing corresponding functions.
为了便于理解本申请实施例的技术方案，在以5G架构为基础介绍本申请实施例的方案之前，首先对本申请实施例可能涉及到的5G中的一些术语或概念进行简单描述。In order to facilitate the understanding of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, before introducing the solutions of the embodiments of the present application based on the 5G architecture, first briefly describe some terms or concepts in 5G that may be involved in the embodiments of the present application.
1、卫星星座。1. Satellite constellation.
卫星星座是发射入轨能正常工作的卫星的集合，通常是由一些卫星按一定的方式配置组成的一个卫星网。主要的卫星星座有全球定位***(global position system，GPS)卫星星座、格洛纳斯(GLONASS)卫星星座、伽利略Galileo卫星星座和北斗卫星星座等。A satellite constellation is a collection of satellites that are launched into orbit and can work normally. It is usually a satellite network composed of some satellites configured in a certain way. The main satellite constellations include Global Positioning System (global position system, GPS) satellite constellation, GLONASS satellite constellation, Galileo Galileo satellite constellation and Beidou satellite constellation.
本申请中主要涉及的星座类型包括：The constellation types mainly covered in this application include:
低轨道卫星(low earth orbit，LEO)极地轨道星座、中轨道卫星(mid earth orbit，MEO)极地轨道星座、LEO倾斜轨道星座和MEO倾斜轨道星座等。Low earth orbit (LEO) polar orbit constellation, mid earth orbit (MEO) polar orbit constellation, LEO inclined orbit constellation and MEO inclined orbit constellation, etc.
其中，LEO倾斜轨道星座和MEO倾斜轨道星座不涉及反向缝的概念，也就是说在星座类型为LEO倾斜轨道星座和MEO倾斜轨道星座的情况下，无需考虑是否支持反向缝。LEO极地轨道星座和MEO极地轨道星座涉及反向缝的概念，也就是说在星座类型为LEO 极地轨道星座和MEO极地轨道星座的情况下，需要考虑是否支持反向缝。Among them, the LEO inclined orbit constellation and the MEO inclined orbit constellation do not involve the concept of reverse slots, that is to say, when the constellation types are LEO inclined orbit constellations and MEO inclined orbit constellations, there is no need to consider whether reverse slots are supported. The LEO polar orbit constellation and the MEO polar orbit constellation involve the concept of reverse slots, that is to say, when the constellation type is LEO In the case of polar orbit constellations and MEO polar orbit constellations, it is necessary to consider whether to support reverse slots.
2、卫星组网。2. Satellite networking.
卫星组网是指卫星技术的网络模式，在该模式中网络由不同轨道上多种类型的卫星***组成，以卫星星座为基本物理构架，充分利用卫星***覆盖范围大，可多层次、全谱段获得目标多源信息的特点，能够向用户提供具有精确时间和空间参考的多要素融合处理的高可信度信息。地面计算机网络的发展已使航天器能以服务器、终端、节点或传输线的身份加入网络，这也可以说是提出卫星组网概念的技术基础。Satellite networking refers to the network mode of satellite technology. In this mode, the network is composed of various types of satellite systems on different orbits. The satellite constellation is the basic physical structure. It takes full advantage of the large coverage of the satellite system, which can be multi-level and full-spectrum. The feature of obtaining target multi-source information in one segment can provide users with high-confidence information of multi-element fusion processing with precise time and space reference. The development of ground computer networks has enabled spacecraft to join the network as servers, terminals, nodes or transmission lines, which can also be said to be the technical basis for the concept of satellite networking.
3、卫星类型。3. Satellite type.
不同类型的卫星由于轨道高度不同，卫星的覆盖面积、运动特征和带来的传播延时、抖动等也可能不同。Different types of satellites may have different coverage areas, motion characteristics, and propagation delays and jitters due to different orbital altitudes.
示例性地，卫星按轨道类型可分为地球同步卫星(geostationary equatorial orbit，GEO)、MEO、LEO和其他卫星(Other SAT)等。Exemplarily, satellites can be classified into geostationary equatorial orbit (GEO), MEO, LEO, and other satellites (Other SAT) according to orbit type.
4、极轨道。4. Polar orbit.
轨道平面与赤道面夹角为90°的人造地球卫星轨道。人造卫星运行时能到达南北极区上空，即卫星能飞经全球范围的上空。需要在全球范围内进行观测和应用的气象卫星、导航卫星、地球资源卫星等都采用这种轨道。An artificial earth satellite orbit with an angle between the orbital plane and the equatorial plane at 90°. Artificial satellites can reach the sky above the North and South Poles during operation, that is, satellites can fly over the sky on a global scale. Meteorological satellites, navigation satellites, and earth resource satellites that need to observe and apply on a global scale all use this orbit.
5、反向缝(reverse seam)。5. Reverse seam.
卫星在轨道上运行时，大部分的运行方向都与相邻轨道上的卫星一致。有时，也会出现两条特殊的轨道，这两条轨道是相邻轨道，但在这两条轨道上运行的卫星运动方向却是相反的。从南极点观测，轨道左侧的卫星是由南向北运动，轨道右侧的卫星是由北向南运动。由于这种现象的存在，这两条轨道之间的地区就被称为反向缝。When satellites are in orbit, most of them move in the same direction as satellites in adjacent orbits. Sometimes, there will be two special orbits, these two orbits are adjacent orbits, but the direction of motion of the satellites running on these two orbits is opposite. Observed from the South Pole, the satellite on the left side of the orbit moves from south to north, and the satellite on the right side of the orbit moves from north to south. Because of this phenomenon, the region between the two orbits is known as the reverse seam.
6、反向缝过境。6. Reverse seam transit.
由于卫星运动，在某些时刻通信双方接入的卫星在反向缝的不同侧，此时星上转发路径需要经过反向缝，可以称为反向缝过境。Due to the movement of satellites, the satellites accessed by both communication parties are on different sides of the reverse slot at certain moments. At this time, the forwarding path on the satellite needs to pass through the reverse slot, which can be called reverse slot transit.
7、反向缝未过境。7. The reverse seam has not passed through.
也可以称为反向缝离境，可以理解为通信双方接入的卫星在反向缝的同一侧，转发路径不需要经过反向缝。It can also be called reverse slot departure. It can be understood that the satellites accessed by both communication parties are on the same side of the reverse slot, and the forwarding path does not need to pass through the reverse slot.
8、星上的转发路径。8. The forwarding path on the star.
星上转发路径一般包含路径上采用哪些节点，节点顺序等具体信息。可以根据星上转发路径确定经过的卫星跳数。The forwarding path on the star generally includes specific information such as which nodes are used on the path, and the sequence of nodes. The number of satellite hops passed can be determined according to the forwarding path on the star.
例如，基于最小跳数算法确定星上的转发路径，即星上转发路径经过的卫星跳数默认为所有可能路径中的跳数最小的路径。For example, the forwarding path on the star is determined based on the minimum hop count algorithm, that is, the number of satellite hops passed by the forwarding path on the star is by default the path with the smallest hop count among all possible paths.
9、卫星通信与5GS融合的场景。9. The scene of the integration of satellite communication and 5GS.
目前，卫星通信与5GS的融合可以分为两种场景，第一种场景为：卫星作为3GPP接入，UE通过卫星接入5GS；第二种场景为：卫星链路作为回传链路，RAN通过回传链路与5G核心网(5G core，5GC)通信(如，回传链路为N3或N9提供承载)。At present, the integration of satellite communication and 5GS can be divided into two scenarios. The first scenario is: the satellite is used as 3GPP access, and the UE accesses 5GS through the satellite; the second scenario is: the satellite link is used as the backhaul link, and the RAN Communicate with the 5G core network (5G core, 5GC) through the backhaul link (for example, the backhaul link provides bearer for N3 or N9).
本申请主要针对如图2所示的卫星链路作为5G回传链路的场景，图2是一种卫星通信与5GS融合的场景示意图。This application is mainly aimed at the scenario where the satellite link is used as a 5G backhaul link as shown in Figure 2, and Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a scenario where satellite communication and 5GS are integrated.
从图2中可以看出卫星链路作为5G回传链路，RAN通过5G回传链路与5GC连接。 其中，5GC可以包括如图1中所示的AMF、AF、UPF等核心网网元。It can be seen from Figure 2 that the satellite link is used as a 5G backhaul link, and the RAN is connected to the 5GC through the 5G backhaul link. Wherein, 5GC may include core network elements such as AMF, AF, and UPF as shown in FIG. 1 .
需要说明的是，图2中所示的卫星#1、卫星#2和卫星#3的类型可以相同也可以不同，其中，非地球同步卫星可以通过卫星之间的链路实现卫星组网。It should be noted that the types of satellite #1, satellite #2, and satellite #3 shown in FIG. 2 may be the same or different, wherein non-geosynchronous satellites may implement satellite networking through links between satellites.
例如，LEO或MEO等非地球同步卫星通过星间链路实现卫星组网。For example, non-geosynchronous satellites such as LEO or MEO realize satellite networking through inter-satellite links.
10、星间链路。10. Inter-satellite link.
MEO和LEO等非地球同步卫星相对地面运动，往往需要通过多颗卫星组成星座，实现对地面或海上等固定区域的连续覆盖，并利用星间链路实现星上转发，从而无需在全球各地建设地面基站，实现覆盖能力的增强。Non-geosynchronous satellites such as MEO and LEO move relative to the ground, and often need to form a constellation through multiple satellites to achieve continuous coverage of fixed areas such as the ground or sea, and use inter-satellite links to realize on-board forwarding, so that there is no need to build satellites around the world Ground base stations to enhance coverage capabilities.
星间链路分为两类，一类是同一轨道内卫星之间的链路称为同轨道星间链路；另一类为轨道间链路称为异轨道星间链路。异轨道星间链路又分为同向轨道间链路和反向缝链路，同向轨道星间链路是运行方向相同的相邻的两个轨道卫星之间的链路，同向轨道星间链路在接近极地上空时由于卫星相对位置关系的变化而可能断开；反向缝链路则是运行方向相反的两个卫星之间的链路，由于卫星运行方向相反，从而导致反向缝链路较难建立或只能短时间建立。There are two types of inter-satellite links, one is the link between satellites in the same orbit called the same-orbit inter-satellite link; the other is the inter-orbit link called the different-orbit inter-satellite link. Different orbit inter-satellite links are further divided into co-orbit inter-satellite links and reverse slot links. Co-orbit inter-satellite links are links between two adjacent orbiting satellites in the same direction of operation. The inter-satellite link may be disconnected due to the change of the relative position of the satellite when it is close to the sky over the polar region; the reverse slot link is the link between two satellites in the opposite direction. Seam links are difficult to establish or can only be established for a short time.
为了便于理解，结合图3对星间链路进行说明，图3是一种极轨道星座的二维展开示意图，每个轨道的倾斜角为固定的90度(卫星轨道穿过极地上空)。For ease of understanding, the inter-satellite link is described in conjunction with Fig. 3, which is a two-dimensional schematic diagram of a polar orbit constellation, and the inclination angle of each orbit is fixed at 90 degrees (satellite orbits pass through the polar sky).
11、卫星回传链路延时。11. Satellite backhaul link delay.
本申请实施例中所涉及的卫星回传链路的延时可以理解为通过卫星回传的RAN和5GC之间的延时。例如，RAN通过卫星链路和UPF之间通信的时延。The delay of the satellite backhaul link involved in the embodiment of the present application can be understood as the delay between the RAN and the 5GC backhauled by the satellite. For example, the latency of communication between RAN and UPF via satellite link.
示例性地，地面固定两点利用卫星星座通信时，星上转发路径在一段时间内具有一定的稳定性。可以理解为虽然卫星在不断的运动，但整体拓扑形态相对稳定，其中，该一段时间内可以是反向缝未过境的一段时间内，或反向缝正在过境的时段内，该一段时间内回传链路的时延稳定。本申请下述实施例中估算和上报的时延可以是一段时间内(如，反向缝未过境的时段内，或反向缝正在过境的时段内)的回传链路的时延。Exemplarily, when two fixed points on the ground communicate with a satellite constellation, the forwarding path on the satellite has certain stability within a period of time. It can be understood that although the satellite is constantly moving, the overall topology is relatively stable. The period of time can be a period of time when the reverse slot is not passing through, or a period of time when the reverse slot is passing. The delay of the transmission link is stable. The time delay estimated and reported in the following embodiments of the present application may be the time delay of the backhaul link within a certain period of time (for example, the time period when the reverse seam is not transiting, or the time period when the reverse seam is transiting).
另外，卫星链路的切换和卫星位置的移动可能导致回传链路的时延的小幅度变化，比如转发路径的跳数小幅度的增加或减少，但整体延时水平一般在一段时间内相对稳定。在该稳定时间区间内，可基于卫星轨道高度、卫星之间的直线距离以及星上转发路径的跳数估算回传链路的时延，如基于该时间区间内跳数最大的转发路径估算最坏延时、基于该时间区间内多个不同跳数的转发路径估算平均延时、或基于典型转发路径估算典型延时，可用估算的最坏延时、平均延时或典型延时代表该时间段内的回传链路的时延。In addition, the switching of satellite links and the movement of satellite positions may cause small changes in the delay of the backhaul link, such as a small increase or decrease in the number of hops in the forwarding path, but the overall delay level is generally relatively low within a period of time. Stablize. In this stable time interval, the time delay of the backhaul link can be estimated based on the orbital height of the satellites, the straight-line distance between the satellites, and the hops of the on-board forwarding path. Bad delay, estimated average delay based on multiple forwarding paths with different hops in the time interval, or estimated typical delay based on typical forwarding paths, which can be represented by the estimated worst delay, average delay or typical delay The delay of the backhaul link in the segment.
应理解，卫星的运动和星座拓扑的动态变化，可能使得依赖卫星网络通信的两点之间的回传链路的时延水平随时间发生变化或取决于地面两点的具***置，也就是说卫星轨道类型并不一定能准确反应回传链路的时延。It should be understood that the movement of the satellite and the dynamic change of the constellation topology may cause the delay level of the backhaul link between two points relying on satellite network communication to change over time or depend on the specific location of the two points on the ground, that is to say The type of satellite orbit does not necessarily accurately reflect the delay of the backhaul link.
例如，如果极轨道LEO星座不支持反向缝链路，在反向缝过境时此时，由于不支持反向缝链路，反向缝不存在星间链路，且星上转发路径需要经过反向缝，从而导致需要进行异轨道星间链路建立(如，需要绕过极点建立链路，导致转发路径较长)；在反向缝未过境时，转发路径不需要经过反向缝，所以反向缝过境时星上的转发路径相比反向缝未过境时的转发路径要长。For example, if the polar orbit LEO constellation does not support the reverse slot link, at this time when the reverse slot passes through The reverse seam leads to the need to establish a different-orbit inter-satellite link (for example, it is necessary to bypass the pole to establish a link, resulting in a longer forwarding path); when the reverse seam does not pass through the border, the forwarding path does not need to pass through the reverse seam, Therefore, the forwarding path on the star when the reverse seam passes through is longer than the forwarding path when the reverse seam does not pass through.
还例如，由于地面两点之间的距离较大，导致星上转发路径较长而使得回传链路的时 延较大。For example, due to the large distance between two points on the ground, the forwarding path on the star is long and the time of the return link The extension is larger.
也就是说，可能导致回传链路的时延远超出按轨道高度估算得到的回传链路的时延。That is to say, it may cause the time delay of the backhaul link to far exceed the time delay of the backhaul link estimated according to the orbit height.
12、无线接入类型和回传类型。12. Wireless access type and backhaul type.
由上述可知，卫星类型可以包括GEO、MEO、LEO和Other SAT等。3GPP以此定义了新的4种无线接入类型和回传类型，用于区分不同的卫星接入和卫星回传。其中，回传类型还定义了非卫星回传(即地面回传)。GEO卫星相对地面静止，轨道高度大约为35786km，单颗卫星可覆盖较大范围，但带来的传播延时较高；MEO轨道高度约为5000km-10000km；LEO轨道高度约为500Km-1500Km，带来的传播延时比GEO低。It can be seen from the above that the satellite types can include GEO, MEO, LEO, and Other SAT. 3GPP defines four new wireless access types and backhaul types in this way, which are used to distinguish different satellite access and satellite backhaul. Wherein, the backhaul type also defines non-satellite backhaul (that is, ground backhaul). GEO satellites are stationary relative to the ground, and their orbit height is about 35786km. A single satellite can cover a large area, but the propagation delay is relatively high; MEO orbit height is about 5000km-10000km; LEO orbit height is about 500Km-1500Km, with The incoming propagation delay is lower than GEO.
回传类型信息主要上报至PCF和AF，用于其估计回传延时，从而进行策略决策。例如，PCF可基于GEO轨道类型判断延时较大，从而决策释放会话；还例如，AF在延时变大时进行应用层编码补偿或传输层的策略调整。The return type information is mainly reported to the PCF and AF for estimating the return delay and making policy decisions. For example, the PCF can determine that the delay is large based on the GEO orbit type, so as to decide to release the session; for example, the AF performs application layer coding compensation or transport layer policy adjustment when the delay becomes large.
13、卫星运控信息。13. Satellite operation and control information.
本申请中涉及的卫星运控信息包括但不限于不同时刻所述卫星的覆盖位置、星座拓扑结构和卫星的星历信息等可预测的信息。其中，卫星的星历信息包含轨道参数，或基于轨道参数计算得到的卫星所在方位等参数，可以理解的是，卫星的星历信息可以用于计算、预测、描绘、或跟踪卫星飞行的时间、位置、速度等状态。The satellite operation and control information involved in this application includes, but is not limited to, predictable information such as the coverage position of the satellite at different times, the topology of the constellation, and the ephemeris information of the satellite. Wherein, the ephemeris information of the satellite includes orbital parameters, or parameters such as the position of the satellite calculated based on the orbital parameters. It can be understood that the ephemeris information of the satellite can be used to calculate, predict, describe, or track the flight time of the satellite, position, speed, etc.
14、协议数据单元(protocol data unit，PDU)会话。14. Protocol data unit (protocol data unit, PDU) session.
PDU会话为终端设备与DN之间的一个关联，用于提供一个PDU连接服务。A PDU session is an association between a terminal device and a DN, and is used to provide a PDU connection service.
由上述介绍的基本概念中所介绍的卫星回传链路的时延可知，实际的回传链路的时延可能与按轨道高度估算得到的回传链路的时延不同，5GS中尚未存在解决方案实现通过星间链路组成星座作为卫星回传链路时，卫星回传链路时延的获取和上报，本申请可以通过增强5GS中网元的功能或者新增功能网元，基于5GS中相应的通信流程，实现该场景下卫星回传链路时延的获取和上报。It can be seen from the time delay of the satellite backhaul link introduced in the basic concept introduced above that the actual backhaul link delay may be different from the time delay of the backhaul link estimated by the orbital height, which does not yet exist in 5GS The solution realizes the acquisition and reporting of the satellite backhaul link delay when the constellation is formed through the inter-satellite link as the satellite backhaul link. This application can enhance the function of the network element in 5GS or add a new function to the network element, based on 5GS In this scenario, the corresponding communication process is realized to obtain and report the time delay of the satellite backhaul link.
上文结合图1介绍了本申请实施例能够应用的场景，还简单介绍了本申请中涉及的基本概念，下文中将结合附图详细介绍本申请提供的通信方法。The scenarios where the embodiments of the present application can be applied are introduced above with reference to FIG. 1 , and the basic concepts involved in the present application are also briefly introduced. The communication method provided by the present application will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
下文示出的实施例并未对本申请实施例提供的方法的执行主体的具体结构特别限定，只要能够通过运行记录有本申请实施例的提供的方法的代码的程序，以根据本申请实施例提供的方法进行通信即可，例如，本申请实施例提供的方法的执行主体可以是核心网设备，或者是核心网设备中能够调用程序并执行程序的功能模块。The embodiments shown below do not specifically limit the specific structure of the execution subject of the method provided by the embodiment of the present application, as long as the program that records the code of the method provided by the embodiment of the present application can be run to provide the method according to the embodiment of the present application. For example, the execution subject of the method provided by the embodiment of the present application may be a core network device, or a functional module in the core network device that can call a program and execute the program.
为了便于理解本申请实施例，做出以下几点说明。In order to facilitate understanding of the embodiments of the present application, the following descriptions are made.
第一，在本申请中，“用于指示”可以理解为“使能”，“使能”可以包括直接使能和间接使能。当描述某一信息用于使能A时，可以包括该信息直接使能A或间接使能A，而并不代表该信息中一定携带有A。First, in this application, "for indicating" can be understood as "enabling", and "enabling" can include direct enabling and indirect enabling. When describing a certain information for enabling A, it may include that the information directly enables A or indirectly enables A, but it does not mean that A must be carried in the information.
将信息所使能的信息称为待使能信息，则具体实现过程中，对待使能信息进行使能的方式有很多种，例如但不限于，可以直接使能待使能信息，如待使能信息本身或者该待使能信息的索引等。也可以通过使能其他信息来间接使能待使能信息，其中该其他信息与待使能信息之间存在关联关系。还可以仅仅使能待使能信息的一部分，而待使能信息的其他部分则是已知的或者提前约定的。例如，还可以借助预先约定(例如协议规定)的各个信息的排列顺序来实现对特定信息的使能，从而在一定程度上降低使能开销。同时，还可以 识别各个信息的通用部分并统一使能，以降低单独使能同样的信息而带来的使能开销。The information enabled by the information is called the information to be enabled. In the specific implementation process, there are many ways to enable the information to be enabled. For example, but not limited to, the information to be enabled can be directly enabled. The enabling information itself or the index of the information to be enabled, etc. The to-be-enabled information may also be indirectly enabled by enabling other information, where there is an association relationship between the other information and the to-be-enabled information. It is also possible to enable only a part of the information to be enabled, while other parts of the information to be enabled are known or agreed in advance. For example, specific information can also be enabled by means of a pre-agreed (for example, protocol-specified) arrangement order of each information, thereby reducing the enabling overhead to a certain extent. At the same time, you can also Identify the common parts of each information and enable them uniformly to reduce the enabling overhead caused by enabling the same information individually.
第二，在本申请中示出的第一、第二以及各种数字编号(例如，“#1”、“#2”等)仅为描述方便，用于区分的对象，并不用来限制本申请实施例的范围。例如，区分不同消息等。而不是用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。应该理解这样描述的对象在适当情况下可以互换，以便能够描述本申请的实施例以外的方案。Second, the first, second and various numbers shown in this application (for example, "#1", "#2", etc.) The scope of the application examples. For example, distinguishing between different messages, etc. It is not intended to describe a particular order or sequence. It is to be understood that the terms so described are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances in order to enable descriptions other than the embodiments of the application.
第三，在本申请中，“预配置”可包括预先定义，例如，协议定义。其中，“预先定义”可以通过在设备(例如，包括各个网元)中预先保存相应的代码、表格或其他可用于指示相关信息的方式来实现，本申请对于其具体的实现方式不做限定。Third, in this application, "pre-configuration" may include pre-definition, for example, protocol definition. Wherein, "predefine" can be realized by pre-saving corresponding codes, tables or other methods that can be used to indicate related information in the device (for example, including each network element), and this application does not limit its specific implementation.
第四，本申请实施例中涉及的“保存”，可以是指的保存在一个或者多个存储器中。所述一个或者多个存储器，可以是单独的设置，也可以是集成在编码器或者译码器，处理器、或通信装置中。所述一个或者多个存储器，也可以是一部分单独设置，一部分集成在译码器、处理器、或通信装置中。存储器的类型可以是任意形式的存储介质，本申请并不对此限定。Fourth, the "storage" mentioned in the embodiment of the present application may refer to saving in one or more memories. The one or more memories may be provided independently, or may be integrated in an encoder or decoder, a processor, or a communication device. A part of the one or more memories may also be provided separately, and a part may be integrated in a decoder, a processor, or a communication device. The type of the storage may be any form of storage medium, which is not limited in this application.
第五，本文中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。Fifth, the term "and/or" in this article is only an association relationship describing associated objects, which means that there may be three relationships, for example, A and/or B, which can mean: A exists alone, and A and B exist at the same time , there are three cases of B alone. In addition, the character "/" in this article generally indicates that the contextual objects are an "or" relationship.
第六，本申请实施例中涉及的“协议”可以是指通信领域的标准协议，例如可以包括5G协议、新空口(new radio，NR)协议以及应用于未来的通信***中的相关协议，本申请对此不做限定。Sixth, the "protocol" involved in the embodiment of this application may refer to a standard protocol in the communication field, for example, it may include 5G protocol, new radio (new radio, NR) protocol and related protocols applied in future communication systems. Applications are not limited to this.
以下，不失一般性，以网元之间的交互为例详细说明本申请实施例提供的通信方法。Hereinafter, without loss of generality, the communication method provided by the embodiment of the present application is described in detail by taking interaction between network elements as an example.
图4是本申请实施例提供的一种通信方法的示意性流程图。该通信方法应用于接入网设备通过卫星回传链路与核心网设备通信的***中(如，图2所示的通信***)。Fig. 4 is a schematic flowchart of a communication method provided by an embodiment of the present application. The communication method is applied to a system in which an access network device communicates with a core network device through a satellite backhaul link (for example, the communication system shown in FIG. 2 ).
以下结合各步骤，详细介绍该通信方法。图4包括以下步骤：The communication method will be described in detail below in conjunction with each step. Figure 4 includes the following steps:
S410，第一设备确定卫星回传链路时延发生变化。S410. The first device determines that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link changes.
具体地，第一设备根据卫星运控信息确定卫星回传链路时延发生变化。该卫星运控信息包括但不限于：不同时刻所述卫星的覆盖位置、星座拓扑结构和所述卫星的星历信息、卫星回传链路时延发生变化的时刻指示信息中的至少一项。Specifically, the first device determines that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link changes according to the satellite operation and control information. The satellite operation and control information includes, but is not limited to: at least one item of the coverage position of the satellite at different times, the constellation topology, the ephemeris information of the satellite, and the time indication information when the time delay of the satellite backhaul link changes.
需要说明的是，卫星运控信息可以为第一设备获取的，还可以是预配置在第一设备上的。例如，卫星回传链路时延发生变化的时刻指示信息为配置信息，该配置信息包含回传时延可能变化的时间信息例如，某个时间区间是反向缝过境/离境；还例如，某个时间区间转发路径发生变化。It should be noted that the satellite operation and control information may be obtained by the first device, and may also be pre-configured on the first device. For example, the information indicating the time when the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes is configuration information, and the configuration information includes the time information of the possible change of the return delay. For example, a certain time interval is reverse seam transit/departure; also for example, The forwarding path changes in a certain time interval.
作为一种可能的实现方式，第一设备根据卫星运控信息确定回传链路转发路径的跳数发生变化时确定卫星回传链路时延变化。As a possible implementation manner, the first device determines, according to the satellite operation and control information, that the satellite backhaul link time delay changes when the hop count of the backhaul link forwarding path changes.
例如，第一设备根据卫星运控信息中的不同时刻所述卫星的覆盖位置信息和星座拓扑结构信息，确定第一时刻卫星回传链路中的卫星之间的转发路径。如，根据第一时刻卫星的覆盖位置信息确定接入网设备需要通过卫星#1、卫星#2、卫星#3和卫星#4组成的卫星回传链路与核心网设备通信，进一步地根据星座拓扑结构信息确定卫星#1、卫星#2、卫星#3和卫星#4之间的转发路径包括卫星#1-卫星#2-卫星#3-卫星#4，该转发路径包括3跳。For example, the first device determines the forwarding path between the satellites in the satellite backhaul link at the first moment according to the coverage position information and constellation topology information of the satellites at different moments in the satellite operation and control information. For example, according to the coverage position information of the satellite at the first moment, it is determined that the access network equipment needs to communicate with the core network equipment through the satellite backhaul link composed of satellite #1, satellite #2, satellite #3 and satellite #4, and further according to the constellation The topology information determines that the forwarding path among satellite #1, satellite #2, satellite #3 and satellite #4 includes satellite #1-satellite #2-satellite #3-satellite #4, and the forwarding path includes 3 hops.
同理，第一设备根据卫星运控信息中的不同时刻所述卫星的覆盖位置信息和星座拓扑 结构信息，确定第二时刻卫星回传链路中的卫星之间的转发路径。如，根据第二时刻卫星的覆盖位置信息确定接入网设备需要通过卫星#1、卫星#2、卫星#3、卫星#4、卫星#5、卫星#6、卫星#7组成的卫星回传链路与核心网设备通信，进一步地根据星座拓扑结构信息确定卫星#1、卫星#2、卫星#3、卫星#4、卫星#5、卫星#6、卫星#7之间的转发路径包括卫星#1-卫星#2-卫星#3-卫星#4-卫星#5-卫星#6-卫星#7，该转发路径包括6跳。Similarly, the first device according to the coverage position information and constellation topology of the satellite at different times in the satellite operation and control information The structural information determines the forwarding path between the satellites in the satellite return link at the second moment. For example, according to the coverage position information of the satellite at the second moment, it is determined that the access network equipment needs to be transmitted back through satellites composed of satellite #1, satellite #2, satellite #3, satellite #4, satellite #5, satellite #6, and satellite #7. The link communicates with the core network equipment, and further determines the forwarding path between satellite #1, satellite #2, satellite #3, satellite #4, satellite #5, satellite #6, and satellite #7 according to the constellation topology information, including satellite #1-satellite #2-satellite #3-satellite #4-satellite #5-satellite #6-satellite #7, the forwarding path includes 6 hops.
第一设备确定第一时刻回传链路的转发路径的跳数为3跳，而第二时刻回传链路的转发路径的跳数变为6跳，可以粗略确定第二时刻的卫星回传链路时延大于第一时刻的卫星回传链路时延。如，回传链路的转发路径的跳数为1时，时延为0.1ms，则第一时刻卫星回传链路时延为0.3ms，第二时刻卫星回传链路时延为0.6ms。The first device determines that the hop count of the forwarding path of the backhaul link at the first moment is 3 hops, and the hop count of the forwarding path of the backhaul link at the second moment becomes 6 hops, which can roughly determine the satellite backhaul at the second moment The link delay is greater than the satellite backhaul link delay at the first moment. For example, when the hop count of the forwarding path of the backhaul link is 1, the delay is 0.1ms, then the delay of the satellite backhaul link at the first moment is 0.3ms, and the delay of the satellite backhaul link at the second moment is 0.6ms .
可选地，上述的卫星回传链路转发路径的跳数发生变化的原因可能是反向缝过境。Optionally, the reason why the above-mentioned hop count of the forwarding path of the satellite backhaul link changes may be that the reverse seam passes through the border.
作为另一种可能的实现方式，第一设备根据卫星运控信息确定发生反向缝过境时确定卫星回传链路时延变化。As another possible implementation manner, the first device determines, according to the satellite operation and control information, the time delay change of the satellite return link when the reverse slot crossing occurs.
例如，第一设备根据卫星运控信息中的不同时刻所述卫星的覆盖位置信息和星座拓扑结构信息，确定第一时刻卫星回传链路未发生反向缝过境，接入网设备通过卫星#1、卫星#2、卫星#3和卫星#4即可实现通过卫星回传链路与核心网设备通信。For example, the first device determines, based on the coverage position information and constellation topology information of the satellite at different times in the satellite operation and control information, that the satellite backhaul link does not pass through the reverse slot at the first moment, and the access network device passes through the satellite# 1. Satellite #2, satellite #3 and satellite #4 can communicate with core network equipment through the satellite backhaul link.
同理第一设备根据卫星运控信息中的不同时刻所述卫星的覆盖位置信息和星座拓扑结构信息，确定第二时刻发生反向缝过境接入网设备通过卫星#1、卫星#2、卫星#3、卫星#4、卫星#5、卫星#6、卫星#7才可实现通过卫星回传链路与核心网设备通信。Similarly, according to the satellite coverage position information and constellation topology information in the satellite operation and control information at different times, the first device determines that the reverse seam transit occurs at the second moment when the access network device passes through satellite #1, satellite #2, satellite Only #3, satellite #4, satellite #5, satellite #6, and satellite #7 can communicate with the core network equipment through the satellite backhaul link.
作为又一种可能的实现方式，第一设备根据卫星运控信息确定发生反向缝离境时确定卫星回传链路时延变化。As yet another possible implementation manner, the first device determines, according to the satellite operation and control information, the time delay change of the satellite return link when the departure of the reverse slot occurs.
例如，第一设备根据卫星运控信息中的不同时刻所述卫星的覆盖位置信息和星座拓扑结构信息，确定第二时刻卫星回传链路未发生反向缝离境，接入网设备通过卫星#1、卫星#2、卫星#3、卫星#4、卫星#5、卫星#6、卫星#7才可实现通过卫星回传链路与核心网设备通信。For example, the first device determines, based on the coverage position information and constellation topology information of the satellite at different times in the satellite operation and control information, that the satellite backhaul link does not leave the country at the second time, and the access network device passes through the satellite Only #1, satellite #2, satellite #3, satellite #4, satellite #5, satellite #6, and satellite #7 can communicate with the core network equipment through the satellite backhaul link.
同理第一设备根据卫星运控信息中的不同时刻所述卫星的覆盖位置信息和星座拓扑结构信息，确定第三时刻发生反向缝离境，接入网设备通过卫星#1、卫星#2、卫星#3和卫星#4即可实现通过卫星回传链路与核心网设备通信。Similarly, the first device determines that the reverse seam departure occurs at the third time according to the satellite coverage position information and constellation topology information at different times in the satellite operation and control information, and the access network device passes satellite #1 and satellite #2 , Satellite #3 and Satellite #4 can communicate with the core network equipment through the satellite backhaul link.
作为又一种可能的实现方式，第一设备根据配置信息确定所述卫星回传链路时延发生变化。As yet another possible implementation manner, the first device determines, according to the configuration information, that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link changes.
例如，配置信息包含卫星回传链路时延可能变化的时间信息，如，配置信息指示某个时间区间是反向缝过境/离境，那么第一设备确定在该时间区间卫星回传链路时延发生变化。具体地，配置信息可以指示第一时刻卫星回传链路未发生反向缝过境，而在第二时刻卫星回传链路发生反向缝过境，那么第一设备确定第二时刻卫星回传链路时延发生变化。For example, the configuration information includes the time information that the delay of the satellite backhaul link may change. For example, if the configuration information indicates that a certain time interval is the reverse seam transit/departure, then the first device determines that the satellite backhaul link in this time interval Latency changes. Specifically, the configuration information may indicate that the satellite backhaul link does not pass through the reverse seam at the first moment, but at the second moment, the satellite backhaul link has a reverse seam transit, then the first device determines that the satellite backhaul link at the second moment The path delay changes.
还如，配置信息指示某个时间区间回传链路的转发路径发生变化，那么第一设备确定在该时间区间卫星回传链路时延发生变化。具体地，配置信息可以指示第一时刻回传链路的转发路径未发生变化，而在第二时刻回传链路的转发路径发生变化，那么第一设备确定第二时刻卫星回传链路时延发生变化。For another example, if the configuration information indicates that the forwarding path of the backhaul link changes in a certain time interval, then the first device determines that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link changes in the time interval. Specifically, the configuration information may indicate that the forwarding path of the backhaul link does not change at the first moment, but the forwarding path of the backhaul link changes at the second moment, then the first device determines that when the satellite backhaul link at the second moment delay changes.
应理解，上述只是举例说明确定卫星回传链路时延变化可能的方式，对本申请的保护范围不构成任何的限定，其他能够确定卫星回传链路时延变化的方式也在本申请的保护范 围之内，例如，接收到指示卫星回传链路时延变化的信息。It should be understood that the above is just an example to determine the possible way of determining the delay change of the satellite backhaul link, which does not constitute any limitation on the scope of protection of this application. fan within the range, for example, receiving information indicating a change in delay of a satellite backhaul link.
可选地，第一设备根据卫星运控信息确定卫星回传链路时延发生变化可以是：第一设备可以根据卫星运控信息确定所述卫星回传链路时延发生变化的时刻。Optionally, the determining by the first device that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link changes according to the satellite operation and control information may be: the first device may determine the moment when the time delay of the satellite backhaul link changes according to the satellite operation and control information.
例如，第一设备可以根据卫星运控信息确定所述卫星回传链路时延发生变化的时刻距离当前时刻10s。For example, the first device may determine, according to the satellite operation and control information, that the time when the time delay of the satellite backhaul link changes is 10s away from the current time.
可选地，卫星运控信息还包括RAN的位置信息和/或AMF的位置信息；或者，卫星运控信息理解为RAN和AMF之间的卫星运控信息，该RAN和AMF之间的卫星运控信息包括卫星运控信息、RAN位置信息和AMF位置信息。Optionally, the satellite operation control information also includes the position information of the RAN and/or the position information of the AMF; or, the satellite operation control information is understood as the satellite operation control information between the RAN and the AMF, and the satellite operation control information between the RAN and the AMF The control information includes satellite operation and control information, RAN location information and AMF location information.
第一设备根据卫星运控信息确定卫星回传链路时延发生变化可以是：第一设备(如RAN或AMF)根据卫星运控信息以及RAN的位置信息和/或AMF的位置信息确定卫星回传链路时延发生变化。According to the satellite operation and control information, the first device determines that the time delay of the satellite return link has changed. The transmission link delay changes.
需要说明的是，卫星回传链路时延指的是RAN和UPF之间的卫星回传链路时延，而一般来说AMF与UPF部署在同一区域，且对于第一设备为RAN或AMF的情况下，AMF的位置信息比较容易获得，所以可以根据卫星运控信息以及RAN的位置信息和/或AMF的位置信息确定卫星回传链路时延发生变化。It should be noted that the satellite backhaul link delay refers to the satellite backhaul link delay between RAN and UPF, and generally AMF and UPF are deployed in the same area, and the first device is RAN or AMF In this case, the location information of the AMF is relatively easy to obtain, so it can be determined that the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes according to the satellite operation and control information, the location information of the RAN, and/or the location information of the AMF.
可选地，卫星运控信息还包括RAN的位置信息和/或UPF的位置信息；或者，卫星运控信息理解为RAN和UPF之间的卫星运控信息，该RAN和UPF之间的卫星运控信息包括卫星运控信息、RAN位置信息和UPF位置信息。Optionally, the satellite operation control information also includes the position information of the RAN and/or the position information of the UPF; or, the satellite operation control information is understood as the satellite operation control information between the RAN and the UPF, and the satellite operation control information between the RAN and the UPF The control information includes satellite operation and control information, RAN location information and UPF location information.
第一设备根据卫星运控信息确定卫星回传链路时延发生变化可以是：第一设备(如SMF)根据卫星运控信息以及RAN的位置信息和/或UPF的位置信息确定卫星回传链路时延发生变化。The first device determines that the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes according to the satellite operation and control information may be: the first device (such as SMF) determines the satellite backhaul link according to the satellite operation and control information and the location information of the RAN and/or the location information of the UPF The path delay changes.
通常来说，LEO或MEO等非地球同步卫星通过星间链路组成LEO极地轨道星座或MEO极地轨道星座作为卫星回传链路时，该卫星回传链路延时可能会根据星座是否支持反向缝链路而不同，也就是说在确定卫星回传链路对应的星座类型包括低轨道卫星LEO极地轨道星座或中轨道卫星MEO极地轨道星座的情况下，进一步去确定卫星回传链路时延发生变化的准确度更高。也就是说，该实施例中第一设备确定卫星回传链路时延发生变化之前，还可以先判断卫星回传链路对应的星座类型是否为低轨道卫星LEO极地轨道星座或中轨道卫星MEO极地轨道星座，在确定所述卫星回传链路对应的星座类型包括低轨道卫星LEO极地轨道星座或中轨道卫星MEO极地轨道星座的情况下，进一步地确定卫星回传链路时延发生变化。Generally speaking, when non-geosynchronous satellites such as LEO or MEO form LEO polar orbit constellations or MEO polar orbit constellations as satellite return links through inter-satellite links, the satellite return link delay may vary depending on whether the constellation supports feedback. In other words, when the constellation type corresponding to the satellite backhaul link is determined to include the low-orbit satellite LEO polar orbit constellation or the medium-orbit satellite MEO polar orbit constellation, when further determining the satellite backhaul link The accuracy of delay changes is higher. That is to say, in this embodiment, before the first device determines that the delay of the satellite return link changes, it can also first determine whether the constellation type corresponding to the satellite return link is a low-orbit satellite LEO polar orbit constellation or a medium-orbit satellite MEO constellation. Polar orbit constellation, when it is determined that the constellation type corresponding to the satellite backhaul link includes a low-orbit satellite LEO polar orbit constellation or a medium-orbit satellite MEO polar orbit constellation, it is further determined that the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes.
具体地，第一设备确定卫星回传链路时延变化之后，可以通过通知消息上报该情况，图4所示的方法流程还包括：Specifically, after the first device determines that the delay of the satellite backhaul link has changed, it may report the situation through a notification message. The method flow shown in FIG. 4 also includes:
S420，第一设备向第二设备发送通知消息。S420. The first device sends a notification message to the second device.
通知消息用于通知所述卫星回传链路时延发生变化。The notification message is used to notify the satellite that the time delay of the backhaul link changes.
在第一设备为接入网设备的情况下，第一设备发送通知消息，包括：所述接入网设备通过所述移动性管理网元和会话管理网元向策略控制网元和/或应用网元发送所述通知消息。In the case where the first device is an access network device, the first device sends a notification message, including: the access network device notifies the policy control network element and/or the application through the mobility management network element and the session management network element The network element sends the notification message.
需要说明的是，在第一设备为接入网设备的情况下，向移动性管理网元发送通知消息，即虽然最终是第二设备获知卫星回传连接时延发生变化，但第一设备可以不感知最终获知 卫星回传连接时延发生变化的主体是谁，只感知向移动性管理网元发送该通知消息。另外，在发送的过程中，所述移动性管理网元和/或会话管理网元有可能对消息的形式/内容作出改变，但只要作出改变后的消息能向策略控制网元和/或应用网元通知所述卫星回传链路时延发生变化，即可视为本申请实施例中的通知消息。It should be noted that, when the first device is an access network device, a notification message is sent to the mobility management network element, that is, although the second device eventually learns that the delay of the satellite backhaul connection changes, the first device may Unaware finally know Who is the subject of the change in the delay of the satellite backhaul connection is only aware of sending the notification message to the mobility management network element. In addition, during the sending process, the mobility management network element and/or the session management network element may change the form/content of the message, but as long as the changed message can be sent to the policy control network element and/or the application The network element notifying that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link has changed can be regarded as the notification message in the embodiment of the present application.
在第一设备为移动性管理网元的情况下，移动性管理网元发送通知消息，包括：所述移动性管理网元通过会话管理网元向策略控制网元和/或应用网元发送所述通知消息。In the case that the first device is a mobility management network element, the mobility management network element sends a notification message, including: the mobility management network element sends the policy control network element and/or the application network element to the policy control network element and/or the application network element through the session management network element. notification message.
需要说明的是，在第一设备为移动性管理网元的情况下，向会话管理网元发送通知消息，即虽然最终是第二设备获知卫星回传连接时延发生变化，但第一设备可以不感知最终获知卫星回传连接时延发生变化的主体是谁，只感知向会话管理网元发送该通知消息。另外，在发送的过程中，会话管理网元有可能对消息的形式/内容作出改变，但只要作出改变后的消息能向策略控制网元和/或应用网元通知所述卫星回传链路时延发生变化，即可视为本申请实施例中的通知消息。It should be noted that, when the first device is a mobility management network element, it sends a notification message to the session management network element, that is, although the second device finally knows that the delay of the satellite backhaul connection changes, the first device can It does not perceive who is the subject that finally knows the change in the delay of the satellite backhaul connection, but only perceives that the notification message is sent to the session management network element. In addition, during the sending process, the session management network element may change the form/content of the message, but as long as the changed message can notify the policy control network element and/or the application network element of the satellite backhaul link A change in the delay can be regarded as a notification message in the embodiment of the present application.
在第一设备为会话管理网元的情况下，会话管理网元发送通知消息，包括：所述会话管理网元向策略控制网元和/或应用网元发送所述通知消息。In a case where the first device is a session management network element, sending the notification message by the session management network element includes: the session management network element sending the notification message to a policy control network element and/or an application network element.
示例性地，该通知消息中包括指示该转发路径发生变化的信息、指示该反向缝离境的信息、指示该反向缝过境的信息、指示该反向缝离境持续时间的信息、或指示该反向缝过境持续时间的信息中的至少一项。其中，该反向缝离境持续时间可以理解为发生反向缝离境的开始时刻到该反向缝离境的结束时刻之间的时长；同理，该反向缝过境持续时间可以理解为发生反向缝过境的开始时刻到该反向缝过境的结束时刻之间的时长。应理解，反向缝过境的开始时刻，即是反向缝离境的结束时刻；或者说反向缝离境的开始时刻，即是反向缝过境的结束时刻。即反向缝离境和反向缝过境为交替发生的事件。Exemplarily, the notification message includes information indicating that the forwarding path changes, information indicating that the reverse seam departs, information indicating that the reverse seam transits, information indicating the duration of the reverse seam departure, or At least one item of information indicating the duration of the reverse seam transit. Wherein, the duration of departure of the reverse seam can be understood as the time length between the beginning moment of the departure of the reverse seam and the end moment of the departure of the reverse seam; similarly, the duration of the departure of the reverse seam can be understood as The time period between the start moment when a backseam crossing occurs and the end time for that back seam crossing. It should be understood that the start moment of reverse seam transit is the end moment of reverse seam departure; or in other words, the start moment of reverse seam departure is the end moment of reverse seam transit. That is, reverse seam departures and reverse seam transits are events that occur alternately.
示例性地，第一设备可以根据卫星运控信息确定所述卫星回传链路时延发生变化的时刻，并根据所述时刻确定定时器的时长，在定时器超时时，发送该通知消息。Exemplarily, the first device may determine the time when the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes according to the satellite operation and control information, determine the duration of the timer according to the time, and send the notification message when the timer expires.
例如，第一设备可以根据卫星运控信息确定所述卫星回传链路时延发生变化的时刻具当前时刻10s，则可以设定定时器的时长为10s。定时器超时可以理解为定时器计时结束(或者称为到点、到时)，例如，定时器的定时时长为10秒，在第一时刻触发定时器开始计时，那么在第二时刻(第一时刻+10s的时刻)定时器到点。For example, the first device may determine according to the satellite operation and control information that the time when the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes is 10s from the current time, and then the duration of the timer may be set to 10s. The timer overtime can be understood as the end of the timer timing (or called the point, the time), for example, the timing duration of the timer is 10 seconds, the timer is triggered at the first moment to start counting, then at the second moment (the first Time +10s) The timer is up.
作为一种可能的实现方式，第一设备可以主动上报通知消息。As a possible implementation manner, the first device may actively report the notification message.
作为另一中可能的实现方式，第一设备可以是基于第二设备的请求而上报通知消息，在该实现方式下，图4所示的方法流程还包括：As another possible implementation, the first device may report a notification message based on the request of the second device. In this implementation, the method flow shown in FIG. 4 further includes:
S421，第一设备接收来自第二设备的请求消息，或者说第二设备向第一设备发送请求消息。S421. The first device receives a request message from the second device, or the second device sends a request message to the first device.
该请求消息用于请求确定所述卫星回传链路时延变化。The request message is used to request to determine the variation of the satellite backhaul link delay.
在第一设备为接入网设备的情况下，第一设备接收请求消息，包括：所述接入网设备通过所述移动性管理网元和会话管理网元接收来自策略控制网元和/或应用网元的所述请求消息。In the case where the first device is an access network device, the receiving the request message by the first device includes: the access network device receiving the request message from the policy control network element and/or through the mobility management network element and the session management network element The request message of the network element is applied.
需要说明的是，在第一设备为接入网设备的情况下，第二设备向第一设备发送请求消息，即虽然最终是接入网设备确定所述卫星回传链路时延变化，但策略控制网元和/或应用网元可以不感知最终确定所述卫星回传链路时延变化的主体是谁，只感知向会话管理网 元发送该请求消息。另外，在发送的过程中，所述移动性管理网元和/或会话管理网元有可能对消息的形式/内容作出改变，但只要作出改变后的消息能向接入网设备请求确定所述卫星回传链路时延变化，即可视为本申请实施例中的请求消息。It should be noted that, in the case that the first device is an access network device, the second device sends a request message to the first device, that is, although the access network device finally determines the delay change of the satellite backhaul link, but The policy control network element and/or the application network element may not be aware of who is the subject of the final determination of the delay change of the satellite backhaul link, but only perceive the change to the session management network element to send the request message. In addition, during the sending process, the mobility management network element and/or the session management network element may change the form/content of the message, but as long as the changed message can request the access network device to determine the The change in the delay of the satellite backhaul link can be regarded as the request message in the embodiment of the present application.
在第一设备为移动性管理网元的情况下，移动性管理网元接收请求消息，包括：所述移动性管理网元通过会话管理网元接收来自策略控制网元和/或应用网元的所述请求消息。In the case where the first device is a mobility management network element, the mobility management network element receiving the request message includes: the mobility management network element receives a message from a policy control network element and/or an application network element through a session management network element The request message.
需要说明的是，在第一设备为移动性管理网元的情况下，第二设备向第一设备发送请求消息，即虽然最终是移动性管理网元确定所述卫星回传链路时延变化，但策略控制网元和/或应用网元可以不感知最终确定所述卫星回传链路时延变化的主体是谁，只感知向会话管理网元发送该请求消息。另外，在发送的过程中，会话管理网元有可能对消息的形式/内容作出改变，但只要作出改变后的消息能向移动性管理网元请求确定所述卫星回传链路时延变化，即可视为本申请实施例中的请求消息。It should be noted that, in the case where the first device is a mobility management network element, the second device sends a request message to the first device, that is, although the mobility management network element ultimately determines the delay change of the satellite backhaul link , but the policy control network element and/or the application network element may not be aware of who is the subject that finally determines the delay change of the satellite backhaul link, but only be aware of sending the request message to the session management network element. In addition, during the sending process, the session management network element may change the form/content of the message, but as long as the changed message can request the mobility management network element to determine the delay change of the satellite backhaul link, It can be regarded as the request message in the embodiment of this application.
在第一设备为会话管理网元的情况下，会话管理网元接收请求消息，包括：所述会话管理网元接收来自策略控制网元和/或应用网元的所述请求消息。In a case where the first device is a session management network element, receiving the request message by the session management network element includes: the session management network element receiving the request message from a policy control network element and/or an application network element.
作为一种可能的是实现方式，第二设备直接下发该请求消息。As a possible implementation manner, the second device directly sends the request message.
作为另一种可能的实现方式，第二设备基于第一设备上报的星座信息确定可以下发该请求消息，在该实现方式下，图4所示的方法流程还包括：As another possible implementation, the second device determines that the request message can be delivered based on the constellation information reported by the first device. In this implementation, the method flow shown in FIG. 4 further includes:
S422，第二设备接收来自第一设备的星座信息，或者说第一设备向第二设备发送星座信息。S422. The second device receives constellation information from the first device, or the first device sends constellation information to the second device.
在第一设备为接入网设备的情况下，第一设备发送星座信息，包括：所述接入网设备通过所述移动性管理网元和会话管理网元向策略控制网元和/或应用网元发送所述星座信息。In the case where the first device is an access network device, the first device sends constellation information, including: the access network device sends a policy control network element and/or an application through the mobility management network element and the session management network element The network element sends the constellation information.
需要说明的是，在第一设备为接入网设备的情况下，向移动性管理网元发送星座信息，即虽然最终是第二设备获知星座信息，但第一设备可以不感知最终获知星座信息的主体是谁，只感知向移动性管理网元发送该星座信息。另外，在发送的过程中，所述移动性管理网元和/或会话管理网元有可能对消息的形式/内容作出改变，但只要作出改变后的消息能向策略控制网元和/或应用网元通知星座信息，即可视为本申请实施例中的星座信息。It should be noted that when the first device is an access network device, the constellation information is sent to the mobility management network element, that is, although the second device finally obtains the constellation information, the first device may not perceive that the constellation information is finally obtained Who is the main body, and only perceives the constellation information sent to the mobility management network element. In addition, during the sending process, the mobility management network element and/or the session management network element may change the form/content of the message, but as long as the changed message can be sent to the policy control network element and/or the application The network element notifies the constellation information, which can be regarded as the constellation information in the embodiment of the present application.
在第一设备为移动性管理网元的情况下，移动性管理网元发送星座信息，包括：所述移动性管理网元通过会话管理网元向策略控制网元和/或应用网元发送所述星座信息。In the case where the first device is a mobility management network element, the mobility management network element sends the constellation information, including: the mobility management network element sends the policy control network element and/or the application network element to the policy control network element and/or the application network element through the session management network element. Constellation information.
需要说明的是，在第一设备为移动性管理网元的情况下，向会话管理网元发送星座信息，即虽然最终是第二设备获知星座信息，但第一设备可以不感知最终获知星座信息的主体是谁，只感知向会话管理网元发送该星座信息。另外，在发送的过程中，会话管理网元有可能对消息的形式/内容作出改变，但只要作出改变后的消息能向策略控制网元和/或应用网元通知星座信息，即可视为本申请实施例中的星座信息。It should be noted that when the first device is a mobility management network element, the constellation information is sent to the session management network element, that is, although the second device finally obtains the constellation information, the first device may not perceive that the constellation information is finally obtained It only senses who the main body is and sends the constellation information to the session management network element. In addition, during the sending process, the session management network element may change the form/content of the message, but as long as the changed message can notify the policy control network element and/or the application network element of the constellation information, it can be regarded as Constellation information in the embodiment of this application.
在第一设备为会话管理网元的情况下，会话管理网元发送星座信息，包括：所述会话管理网元向策略控制网元和/或应用网元发送所述星座信息。In a case where the first device is a session management network element, sending the constellation information by the session management network element includes: the session management network element sending the constellation information to a policy control network element and/or an application network element.
星座信息用于所述第二设备确定是否发送所述请求消息，图4所示的方法流程还包括：The constellation information is used by the second device to determine whether to send the request message, and the method flow shown in FIG. 4 also includes:
S423，第二设备根据星座信息确定是否发送所述请求消息。S423. The second device determines whether to send the request message according to the constellation information.
示例性地，所述星座信息中包括用于指示所述卫星回传链路对应的星座类型的信息，所述卫星回传链路对应的星座类型包括以下至少一种星座：低轨道卫星LEO极地轨道星 座、中轨道卫星MEO极地轨道星座、LEO倾斜轨道星座、或MEO倾斜轨道星座。Exemplarily, the constellation information includes information indicating the constellation type corresponding to the satellite backhaul link, and the constellation type corresponding to the satellite backhaul link includes at least one of the following constellations: low-orbit satellite LEO polar Orbit star constellation, medium orbit satellite MEO polar orbit constellation, LEO inclined orbit constellation, or MEO inclined orbit constellation.
例如，应用网元或策略控制网元获知卫星回传链路对应的星座类型为LEO倾斜轨道星座、或MEO倾斜轨道星座，可以不发送请求消息。For example, if the application network element or the policy control network element knows that the constellation type corresponding to the satellite backhaul link is the LEO inclined orbit constellation or the MEO inclined orbit constellation, the request message may not be sent.
需要说明的是，由于LEO倾斜轨道星座、或MEO倾斜轨道星座不涉及反向缝的概念，也就是说不会因为发生反向缝过境、反向缝离境等情况而导致卫星回传链路时延变化，那么应用网元或策略控制网元可以粗略确定在卫星回传链路对应的星座类型为LEO倾斜轨道星座、或MEO倾斜轨道星座的情况下，卫星回传链路时延变化的可能性较小，可以无需发送请求用于请求确定所述卫星回传链路时延变化的请求消息，节省信令开销。It should be noted that since the LEO inclined orbit constellation, or the MEO inclined orbit constellation does not involve the concept of reverse slots, that is to say, the satellite return link will not be caused by reverse slot transit, reverse slot departure, etc. Delay changes, then the application network element or policy control network element can roughly determine the satellite backhaul link delay change when the constellation type corresponding to the satellite backhaul link is a LEO inclined orbit constellation or a MEO inclined orbit constellation The possibility is small, and there is no need to send a request message for requesting to determine the time delay change of the satellite backhaul link, which saves signaling overhead.
还例如，应用网元或策略控制网元获知卫星回传链路对应的星座类型为LEO极地轨道星座、MEO极地轨道星座，可以发送请求消息。For another example, the application network element or the policy control network element may send a request message if it knows that the constellation type corresponding to the satellite backhaul link is a LEO polar orbit constellation or a MEO polar orbit constellation.
需要说明的是，由于LEO极地轨道星座、MEO极地轨道星座涉及反向缝的概念，也就是说可能会因为发生反向缝过境、反向缝离境等情况而导致卫星回传链路时延变化，那么应用网元或策略控制网元为了能够及时确定卫星回传链路时延是否变化，可以通过发送请求用于请求确定所述卫星回传链路时延变化的请求消息，订阅卫星回传链路时延是否变化。It should be noted that since the LEO polar orbit constellation and the MEO polar orbit constellation involve the concept of reverse slots, that is to say, the time delay of the satellite return link may be caused by the occurrence of reverse slot transit, reverse slot departure, etc. change, then the application network element or policy control network element can subscribe to the satellite return link by sending a request message requesting to determine the change of the satellite return link delay in order to be able to determine whether the satellite return link delay changes in time. Whether the transmission link delay changes.
应理解，上述的星座类型只是举例，对本申请的保护范围不构成任何的限定，目前已有的或未来可能的星座类型也在本申请的保护范围之内。It should be understood that the above-mentioned constellation types are only examples and do not constitute any limitation to the protection scope of the present application, and existing or possible future constellation types are also within the protection scope of the present application.
可选地，上述的星座信息中还包括卫星星座的能力信息，例如所述星座信息还包括以下信息中的至少一种：Optionally, the above-mentioned constellation information also includes capability information of the satellite constellation, for example, the constellation information also includes at least one of the following information:
用于指示所述卫星星座是否支持星间链路的信息、用于指示所述卫星星座是否支持同轨道星间链路的信息、用于指示所述卫星星座是否支持异轨道星间链路的信息；在所述星座类型为LEO极地轨道星座和/或MEO极地轨道星座的情况下，所述星座信息还包括用于指示所述卫星星座是否支持反向缝链路的信息。Information used to indicate whether the satellite constellation supports inter-satellite links, information used to indicate whether the satellite constellation supports inter-satellite links in the same orbit, information used to indicate whether the satellite constellation supports inter-satellite links in different orbits Information; when the constellation type is a LEO polar orbit constellation and/or a MEO polar orbit constellation, the constellation information further includes information indicating whether the satellite constellation supports reverse slot links.
上述的星座信息中还包括卫星星座的能力信息，更有助于判断卫星回传链路时延是否发生变化，从而确定是否发送请求消息。The above-mentioned constellation information also includes the capability information of the satellite constellation, which is more helpful for judging whether the time delay of the satellite backhaul link changes, so as to determine whether to send the request message.
例如，在卫星星座的能力信息指示LEO极地轨道星座不支持反向缝链路的情况下，应用网元或策略控制网元可以根据该能力信息确定：发生反向缝过境的情况，卫星回传链路的时延相比于反向缝未过境时会增大，也就是说应用网元或策略控制网元根据该能够力信息能够粗略确定卫星回传链路对应的星座类型为LEO极地轨道星座，且该LEO极地轨道星座不支持反向缝链路时，卫星回传链路时延发生变化的可能性较大，可以针对不支持反向缝链路的LEO极地轨道星座下发请求消息。For example, when the capability information of the satellite constellation indicates that the LEO polar orbit constellation does not support the reverse slot link, the application network element or the policy control network element can determine according to the capability information: when the reverse slot transit occurs, the satellite returns The delay of the link will increase compared to when the reverse seam does not pass through, that is to say, the application network element or policy control network element can roughly determine that the constellation type corresponding to the satellite backhaul link is LEO polar orbit according to the capability information Constellation, and the LEO polar orbit constellation does not support the reverse slot link, the possibility of satellite backhaul link delay changes, you can send a request message for the LEO polar orbit constellation that does not support the reverse slot link .
作为一种可能的是实现方式，第一设备可以在新增的信令中上报该星座信息。As a possible implementation manner, the first device may report the constellation information in newly added signaling.
作为另一种可能的实现方式，第一设备在会话管理流程中上报星座信息，图4所示的方法流程还包括：As another possible implementation manner, the first device reports constellation information in the session management process, and the method process shown in FIG. 4 also includes:
S424，第一设备接收到会话管理请求。S424. The first device receives a session management request.
作为一种可能的实现方式，该会话管理请求用于请求建立会话，例如，会话管理请求为会话建立请求消息。As a possible implementation manner, the session management request is used to request establishment of a session, for example, the session management request is a session establishment request message.
作为另一种可能的实现方式，该会话管理请求用于请求修改会话，例如，会话管理请求为会话修改请求消息。 As another possible implementation manner, the session management request is used to request modification of the session, for example, the session management request is a session modification request message.
具体地，上述的会话为通过所述卫星回传链路传输的会话。Specifically, the above-mentioned session is a session transmitted through the satellite backhaul link.
第一设备包括接入网设备、移动性管理网元或者会话管理网元。在第一设备为接入网设备的情况下，第一设备接收会话管理请求，包括：所述接入网设备接收来自终端设备的所述会话管理请求。The first device includes an access network device, a mobility management network element, or a session management network element. In a case where the first device is an access network device, receiving the session management request by the first device includes: the access network device receiving the session management request from a terminal device.
在第一设备为移动性管理网元的情况下，移动性管理网元接收会话管理请求，包括：移动性管理网元通过接入网设备接收来自终端设备的所述会话管理请求。例如，终端设备发送的非接入层(non-accessNon-Access Stratum，NAS)消息被接入网设备封装在N2消息中，发送给移动性管理网元，其中N2消息中包括星座信息。In a case where the first device is a mobility management network element, receiving the session management request by the mobility management network element includes: receiving the session management request from the terminal device by the mobility management network element through an access network device. For example, the non-access Non-Access Stratum (NAS) message sent by the terminal device is encapsulated in the N2 message by the access network device, and sent to the mobility management network element, wherein the N2 message includes constellation information.
需要说明的是，在第一设备为移动性管理网元的情况下，即虽然最终是移动性管理网元接收会话管理请求，但终端设备可以不感知最终接收会话管理请求的主体是谁，只感知向接入网设备发送该会话管理请求。另外，在发送的过程中，接入网设备有可能对消息的形式/内容作出改变，但只要作出改变后的消息能向移动性管理网元请求进行会话管理，即可视为本申请实施例中的会话管理请求。It should be noted that, in the case where the first device is a mobility management network element, that is, although the mobility management network element finally receives the session management request, the terminal device may not perceive who is the subject that finally receives the session management request, and only The perception sends the session management request to the access network device. In addition, during the sending process, the access network equipment may change the form/content of the message, but as long as the changed message can request the mobility management network element for session management, it can be regarded as the embodiment of this application Session management requests in .
在第一设备为会话管理网元的情况下，会话管理网元接收会话管理请求，包括：会话管理网元通过接入网设备和移动性管理网元接收来自终端设备的所述会话管理请求。In the case where the first device is a session management network element, the session management network element receiving the session management request includes: the session management network element receives the session management request from the terminal device through the access network device and the mobility management network element.
应理解，本申请对于会话管理请求中包括的信元不做限定，可以参考目前PDU会话管理流程中对于会话管理请求的描述，这里不再赘述。It should be understood that this application does not limit the information elements included in the session management request, and reference can be made to the description of the session management request in the current PDU session management process, which will not be repeated here.
与目前的会话管理流程不同的是，该实施例中，第一设备接收到会话管理请求之后能够触发确定上报星座信息。Different from the current session management process, in this embodiment, after receiving the session management request, the first device can trigger and determine to report the constellation information.
示例性地，星座信息可以包括在PDU会话管理上下文创建请求消息或更新消息中。Exemplarily, the constellation information may be included in a PDU session management context creation request message or an update message.
示例性地，第一设备还可以估算卫星回传链路时延，图4所示的方法流程还包括：Exemplarily, the first device may also estimate the satellite backhaul link delay, and the method flow shown in FIG. 4 further includes:
S430，第一设备估算卫星回传链路时延。S430. The first device estimates the time delay of the satellite backhaul link.
示例性地，第一设备可以在接收到会话管理请求之后，估算当前的卫星回传链路的第一时延。Exemplarily, the first device may estimate the first delay of the current satellite backhaul link after receiving the session management request.
具体地，第一设备根据卫星运控信息估算卫星回传链路第一时延。其中，所述卫星回传链路第一时延包括接收到所述会话管理请求时的时延，和/或，所述卫星回传链路时延发生变化时的时延，所述卫星运控信息包括：不同时刻所述卫星的覆盖位置、星座拓扑结构和所述卫星的星历信息中的至少一项。Specifically, the first device estimates the first time delay of the satellite backhaul link according to the satellite operation and control information. Wherein, the first time delay of the satellite backhaul link includes the time delay when the session management request is received, and/or, the time delay when the time delay of the satellite backhaul link changes, and the satellite operation The control information includes: at least one item of coverage positions of the satellites at different times, constellation topology and ephemeris information of the satellites.
作为一种可能的实现方式，第一设备基于卫星运控信息估算当前时延水平稳定的一段时间内的回传链路的时延。As a possible implementation manner, the first device estimates the delay of the backhaul link within a period of time when the current delay level is stable based on the satellite operation and control information.
作为另一种可能的实现方式，除当前时段外，第一设备还可以基于卫星运控信息估算未来一个或多个延时水平稳定的时间区间的回传链路的时延。As another possible implementation manner, in addition to the current period, the first device may also estimate, based on the satellite operation and control information, the delay of the backhaul link in one or more time intervals in the future where the delay level is stable.
可选地，卫星运控信息还包括RAN的位置信息和/或AMF的位置信息；或者，卫星运控信息理解为RAN和AMF之间的卫星运控信息，该RAN和AMF之间的卫星运控信息包括卫星运控信息、RAN位置信息和AMF位置信息。Optionally, the satellite operation control information also includes the position information of the RAN and/or the position information of the AMF; or, the satellite operation control information is understood as the satellite operation control information between the RAN and the AMF, and the satellite operation control information between the RAN and the AMF The control information includes satellite operation and control information, RAN location information and AMF location information.
作为又一种可能的实现方式，在卫星运控信息不包括RAN的位置信息和/或AMF的位置信息的情况下，第一设备基于卫星运控信息以及RAN的位置信息和/或AMF的位置信息估算当前时延水平稳定的一段时间内的回传链路的时延。As yet another possible implementation, in the case that the satellite operation and control information does not include the location information of the RAN and/or the location information of the AMF, the first device bases the satellite operation and control information on the location information of the RAN and/or the location of the AMF The information estimates the delay of the backhaul link within a period of time when the current delay level is stable.
作为另一种可能的实现方式，在卫星运控信息不包括RAN的位置信息和/或AMF的 位置信息的情况下，除当前时段外，第一设备还可以基于卫星运控信息以及RAN的位置信息和/或AMF的位置信息估算未来一个或多个延时水平稳定的时间区间的回传链路的时延。As another possible implementation, the satellite operation and control information does not include the location information of the RAN and/or the location information of the AMF In the case of location information, in addition to the current period, the first device may also estimate the backhaul chain of one or more time intervals in the future where the delay level is stable based on the satellite operation and control information and the location information of the RAN and/or the location information of the AMF road delay.
示例性地，上述的时延水平稳定的一段时间可以是回传链路转发路径的跳数基本稳定的时间段。Exemplarily, the aforementioned period of time when the delay level is stable may be a period of time when the hop count of the forwarding path of the backhaul link is basically stable.
例如，第一设备根据星历信息确定回传链路转发路径的跳数发生较大变化之后(如，跳数变化超过第一阈值)的一段时间内不会再次发生变化或者发生较小的变化(如，跳数变化不超过第一阈值)，即可估算该回传链路转发路径的跳数不发生变化的时间段内的回传链路的时延。其中，第一阈值可以是预定义的，这里不做限定，如，第一阈值为3。For example, after the first device determines according to the ephemeris information that the hop count of the forwarding path of the backhaul link has changed greatly (for example, the change in the hop count exceeds the first threshold), there will be no change or a small change within a period of time (eg, the change in the hop count does not exceed the first threshold), the time delay of the backhaul link can be estimated within the time period when the hop count of the forwarding path of the backhaul link does not change. Wherein, the first threshold may be predefined, which is not limited here, for example, the first threshold is 3.
需要说明的是，卫星回传链路转发路径的跳数可以用于估算卫星回传链路时延的原因可以是：卫星回传链路转发路径的跳数越大证明转发次数越多，时延也会越大。如，接入网设备通过回传链路转发路径#1(卫星#1-卫星#2-卫星#3-卫星#4)与核心网设备通信，相比于接入网设备通过回传链路转发路径#2(卫星#1-卫星#2-卫星#3-卫星#4-卫星#5-卫星#6-卫星#7)与核心网设备通信的时延小。因为假设回传链路的转发路径的跳数为1时，时延为0.1ms，则路径#1时延为0.3ms，路径#2时延为0.6ms。It should be noted that the hop count of the forwarding path of the satellite backhaul link can be used to estimate the delay of the satellite backhaul link. The delay will also be larger. For example, the access network equipment communicates with the core network equipment through the backhaul link forwarding path #1 (satellite #1-satellite #2-satellite #3-satellite #4), compared to the access network equipment through the backhaul link The time delay between forwarding path #2 (satellite #1-satellite #2-satellite #3-satellite #4-satellite #5-satellite #6-satellite #7) and the core network equipment is small. Because it is assumed that when the hop count of the forwarding path of the backhaul link is 1, the delay is 0.1 ms, the delay of path #1 is 0.3 ms, and the delay of path #2 is 0.6 ms.
示例性地，上述的时延水平稳定的一段时间可以是反向缝过境之后的一段时间内。其中，第一设备能不能直接判断转发路径发生变化，回传链路转发路径的跳数由承载网决定，但是第一设备可以基于星历信息估计转发的跳数可能发生较大变化，比如反向缝即将过境或即将反向缝即将离开。Exemplarily, the period of time during which the above-mentioned delay level is stable may be a period of time after the reverse seam passes. Among them, whether the first device can directly determine whether the forwarding path changes, the hop count of the backhaul link forwarding path is determined by the bearer network, but the first device can estimate that the forwarding hop count may change greatly based on the ephemeris information. The forward seam is about to cross or the reverse seam is about to leave.
例如，第一设备根据卫星运控信息确定反向缝过境之后的一段时间内不会再次发生反向缝过境，即可估算该反向缝过境之后的一段时间内的回传链路的时延。For example, the first device can estimate the time delay of the backhaul link within a period of time after the reverse seam passes after determining that the reverse seam will not occur again within a period of time after the reverse seam passes according to the satellite operation and control information .
需要说明的是，第一设备可以根据卫星运控信息确定当前时延水平稳定的一段时间，还可以根据星历信息确定未来一个或多个延时水平稳定的时间区间。It should be noted that the first device may determine a period of time during which the current delay level is stable according to the satellite operation and control information, and may also determine one or more time intervals during which the delay level is stable in the future according to the ephemeris information.
作为一种可能的实现方式，第一设备估算的回传链路的时延可以是：基于该时间区间内最大回传链路转发路径的跳数估算得到的最坏延时。As a possible implementation manner, the time delay of the backhaul link estimated by the first device may be: the worst time delay estimated based on the hop count of the largest backhaul link forwarding path within the time interval.
作为另一种可能的实现方式，第一设备估算的回传链路的时延可以是：基于该时间区间内多个不同跳数的转发路径估算得到的平均延时。As another possible implementation manner, the time delay of the backhaul link estimated by the first device may be: an average time delay estimated based on multiple forwarding paths with different numbers of hops within the time interval.
作为又一种可能的实现方式，第一设备估算的回传链路的时延可以是：基于典型转发路径(如，转发路径对应的跳数在该段时间内为众数)估算得到的典型延时。As yet another possible implementation manner, the time delay of the backhaul link estimated by the first device may be: a typical delay.
例如，时间区间内回传链路转发路径的跳数包括3跳、4跳和5跳三种可能。可以基于5跳估算得到的延时#5作为回传链路的时延；或者可以基于3跳估算得到的延时#3、4跳估算得到的延时#4以及5跳估算得到的延时#5的平均延时作为回传链路的时延；或者在时间区间内回传链路转发路径的跳数为3跳的路径最多的情况，基于3跳估算得到的延时#3作为回传链路的时延。假设回传链路的转发路径的跳数为1时，时延为0.1ms，则延时#3为0.3ms，延时#4为0.4ms，延时#5为0.5ms。示例性地，第一设备可以在接收到请求消息之后，估算卫星回传链路时延发生变化的情况下，估算卫星回传链路第二时延。For example, the number of hops of the forwarding path of the backhaul link within the time interval includes three possibilities: 3 hops, 4 hops, and 5 hops. Delay #5 estimated based on 5 hops can be used as the delay of the backhaul link; or delay #3 estimated based on 3 hops, delay #4 estimated based on 4 hops, and delay estimated by 5 hops The average delay of #5 is used as the delay of the backhaul link; or when the number of hops of the forwarding path of the backhaul link is 3 hops in the time interval, the delay #3 estimated based on 3 hops is used as the delay of the backhaul link. transmission link delay. Assume that when the hop count of the forwarding path of the backhaul link is 1, the delay is 0.1 ms, then delay #3 is 0.3 ms, delay #4 is 0.4 ms, and delay #5 is 0.5 ms. Exemplarily, after receiving the request message, the first device may estimate the second time delay of the satellite backhaul link when the estimated time delay of the satellite backhaul link changes.
应理解，第一设备估算第二时延的方式和估算第一时延的方式类型，区别在于估算时机不同，估算第一时延是在会话管理流程中，估算第二时延是在确定卫星回传链路时延发生变化的情况下，具体的估算方式可以参考上述估算第一时延的描述，这里不再赘述。 It should be understood that the difference between the method for estimating the second delay and the method for estimating the first delay lies in the timing of the estimation. The estimation of the first delay is in the session management process, and the estimation of the second delay is in determining the satellite When the time delay of the backhaul link changes, the specific estimation method can refer to the above description of estimating the first time delay, which will not be repeated here.
可选地，在第一设备估算得到卫星回传链路时延的情况下，可以通过通知消息上报该卫星回传链路时延(如，上述的第一时延和第二时延)。Optionally, in a case where the satellite backhaul link time delay is estimated by the first device, the satellite backhaul link time delay (for example, the above-mentioned first time delay and second time delay) may be reported through a notification message.
进一步地，第二设备接收到通知消息之后可以确定执行策略，图4所示的方法流程还包括：Further, after receiving the notification message, the second device may determine an execution strategy, and the method flow shown in FIG. 4 further includes:
S440，第二设备确定执行策略。S440. The second device determines an execution policy.
具体地，通知消息用于通知卫星回传链路时延发生变化，第二设备根据卫星回传链路时延发生变化确定执行策略。Specifically, the notification message is used to notify the satellite of a change in the time delay of the backhaul link, and the second device determines an execution strategy according to the change in the time delay of the satellite backhaul link.
作为一种可能的实现方式，第二设备为AF网元，AF确定卫星回传链路时延发生变化的情况下，需要进行应用层的编码或传输层算法的调整。As a possible implementation, the second device is an AF network element. When the AF determines that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link changes, it needs to perform coding at the application layer or adjustment of an algorithm at the transmission layer.
进一步地，在通知消息中包括卫星回传链路时延的情况下，AF基于该卫星回传链路的延时进行应用层的编码或传输层算法的调整，比如在延时较大时进行编码补偿，以保证用户体验。Further, when the notification message includes the delay of the satellite return link, the AF performs application layer coding or adjustment of the transmission layer algorithm based on the delay of the satellite return link, for example, when the delay is large Coding compensation to guarantee user experience.
作为另一种可能的实现方式，第二设备为PCF网元，PCF确定卫星回传链路时延发生变化的情况下，需要进行会话调整。As another possible implementation manner, the second device is a PCF network element, and when the PCF determines that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link changes, session adjustment needs to be performed.
进一步地，在通知消息中包括卫星回传链路时延的情况下，PCF发现卫星回传链路的延时过大而无法满足会话的QoS要求时发起会话释放。Further, in the case that the notification message includes the delay of the satellite backhaul link, the PCF initiates a session release when it finds that the delay of the satellite backhaul link is too large to meet the QoS requirement of the session.
需要说明的是，本申请实施例中对于第二设备获知卫星回传链路的延时之后的执行内容不做限定，上述的执行策略决策只是举例，对本申请的保护范围不构成任何的限定。It should be noted that in the embodiment of the present application, there is no limitation on the execution content after the second device learns the delay of the satellite backhaul link. The above-mentioned execution strategy decision is only an example and does not constitute any limitation on the protection scope of the present application.
上述结合图4说明了第一设备可以上报星座信息(如，在会话管理流程中上报星座信息。示例性地PDU会话管理上下文创建请求消息包括星座信息)，还可以在会话管理流程完成之后，基于请求消息通过通知消息上报卫星回传链路时延变化或卫星回传链路时延的通信方法，需要说明的是，图4所示的通信方法流程只是示例，对本申请的保护范围不构成任何的限定。The above in conjunction with FIG. 4 illustrates that the first device can report constellation information (such as reporting constellation information in the session management process. Exemplarily, the PDU session management context creation request message includes constellation information), and after the session management process is completed, based on The communication method that the request message reports the delay change of the satellite backhaul link or the delay of the satellite backhaul link through the notification message. It should be noted that the flow of the communication method shown in FIG. limit.
示例性地，图4中所示上报星座信息，上报卫星回传链路时延变化或卫星回传链路时延可以理解为不同的阶段，无需限定之间的强耦合关系。下面将结合图5至图8进行说明，这里不再赘述。Exemplarily, the reporting of constellation information shown in FIG. 4 , reporting of satellite backhaul link delay variation or satellite backhaul link delay can be understood as different stages, and there is no need to define a strong coupling relationship between them. The following will be described in conjunction with FIG. 5 to FIG. 8 , and details will not be repeated here.
例如，未上报星座信息(如，目前已有的会话管理流程)，在会话管理流程完成之后，基于请求消息上报卫星回传链路时延变化或卫星回传链路时延。具体地，下面将结合图5和图7进行说明，这里不再赘述。For example, the constellation information is not reported (for example, the existing session management process), and after the session management process is completed, the satellite backhaul link delay change or the satellite backhaul link delay is reported based on the request message. Specifically, description will be made below in conjunction with FIG. 5 and FIG. 7 , and details will not be repeated here.
还例如，在会话管理流程中上报第一时延，不限定在会话管理流程完成之后，是否基于请求消息上报卫星回传链路时延变化或卫星回传链路时延。具体地，下面将结合图6和图8进行说明，这里不再赘述。Also for example, reporting the first delay in the session management process does not limit whether to report satellite backhaul link delay change or satellite backhaul link delay based on the request message after the session management process is completed. Specifically, description will be made below in conjunction with FIG. 6 and FIG. 8 , and details will not be repeated here.
还例如，在会话管理流程完成之后，第一设备基于请求消息上报卫星回传链路时延变化或卫星回传链路时延；对于是否上报星座信息不做限定。For another example, after the session management process is completed, the first device reports the satellite backhaul link delay change or the satellite backhaul link delay based on the request message; there is no limitation on whether to report the constellation information.
示例性地，图4中所示的估算卫星回传链路时延的步骤可以是RAN请求UPF完成的。下面将结合具体的示例说明，这里不再赘述。具体地，下面将结合图5进行说明，这里不再赘述。需要说明的是，本申请实施例中主要考虑的是MEO或LEO等非地球同步卫星组成星座使得当前3GPP基于卫星轨道类型定义和区分卫星回传链路的方案存在一些缺陷，因为卫星的运动和星座拓扑的动态变化卫星轨道类型并不一定能准确反应使用卫星回传 的RAN和5GC之间的延时，本申请所示的通信方法也可以应用于地球同步卫星组成星座或其他需要估算回传链路的时延的场景下。Exemplarily, the step of estimating the delay of the satellite backhaul link shown in FIG. 4 may be completed by the RAN requesting the UPF. The following will be described in conjunction with specific examples, and will not be repeated here. Specifically, description will be made below in conjunction with FIG. 5 , and details will not be repeated here. It should be noted that in the embodiment of this application, the main consideration is that non-geosynchronous satellites such as MEO or LEO form a constellation, so that the current 3GPP solution based on satellite orbit types to define and distinguish satellite backhaul links has some defects, because the movement of satellites and The dynamics of the constellation topology The type of satellite orbit does not necessarily accurately reflect the use of satellite backhaul The delay between the RAN and the 5GC, the communication method shown in this application can also be applied to geosynchronous satellites forming a constellation or other scenarios where the delay of the backhaul link needs to be estimated.
上述第一设备可以是接入网设备、移动性管理网元，下面将结合图5和图6详细介绍第一设备为接入网设备的情况下，本申请提供的通信方法，以及结合图7和图8详细介绍第一设备为移动性管理网元或者会话管理网元的情况下，本申请提供的通信方法。The above-mentioned first device may be an access network device or a mobility management network element. The communication method provided by this application when the first device is an access network device will be described in detail below in conjunction with FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 , and in conjunction with FIG. 7 FIG. 8 introduces in detail the communication method provided by the present application when the first device is a mobility management network element or a session management network element.
图5是本申请实施例提供的另一种通信方法的示意性流程图。该通信方法应用于接入网设备通过卫星回传链路与核心网设备通信的***中(如，图2所示的通信***)。Fig. 5 is a schematic flowchart of another communication method provided by an embodiment of the present application. The communication method is applied to a system in which an access network device communicates with a core network device through a satellite backhaul link (for example, the communication system shown in FIG. 2 ).
为了便于理解，图5所示的实施例中以第一设备为RAN，第一设备上报信息的对象(称为第二设备)为PCF和/或AF，会话管理流程为会话建立流程为例进行说明。For ease of understanding, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 5 , the first device is the RAN, the object (referred to as the second device) to which the first device reports information is the PCF and/or AF, and the session management process is the session establishment process as an example. illustrate.
需要说明的是，本申请中对于网络设备的名称不做任何的限定。It should be noted that there is no limitation on the name of the network device in this application.
例如，第一设备为接入网设备。接入网设备可以是RAN，或者能够实现接入网设备功能的其他网元。For example, the first device is an access network device. The access network device may be the RAN, or other network elements capable of implementing the functions of the access network device.
还例如，策略控制功能网元可以是PCF，或者能够实现策略控制功能的其他网元。Also for example, the network element with the policy control function may be a PCF, or other network elements capable of implementing the policy control function.
又例如，应用功能网元可以是AF，或者能够实现应用功能的其他网元。For another example, the application function network element may be an AF, or other network elements capable of implementing application functions.
又例如，接入和移动性管理功能网元可以是AMF，或者能够实现接入和移动性管理功能的其他网元。For another example, the network element with the access and mobility management function may be an AMF, or other network elements capable of implementing the access and mobility management function.
又例如，用户面网元可以是UPF，或者能够实现用户面网元功能的其他网元。For another example, the user plane network element may be a UPF, or other network elements capable of realizing the function of the user plane network element.
以下结合各步骤，详细介绍该通信方法。图5包括以下步骤：The communication method will be described in detail below in conjunction with each step. Figure 5 includes the following steps:
S511，UE建立PDU会话。S511, the UE establishes a PDU session.
通用的PDU会话建立流程可简单描述为：UE通过RAN发送PDU会话建立请求到AMF，AMF为该PDU会话选择SMF为其提供服务，保存SMF与PDU会话的对应关系，并将PDU会话建立请求发送至SMF，SMF为UE选择相应UPF并建立用户面传输路径，并为其分配IP地址。在此过程中，SMF还将向SM PCF发起会话策略控制建立请求，用于在SMF和SM PCF间建立会话策略控制，在会话策略控制建立过程中，SMF将保存会话策略控制与PDU会话间的对应关系。The general PDU session establishment process can be simply described as: UE sends a PDU session establishment request to AMF through RAN, AMF selects SMF to provide services for the PDU session, saves the corresponding relationship between SMF and PDU session, and sends the PDU session establishment request to To the SMF, the SMF selects a corresponding UPF for the UE, establishes a user plane transmission path, and assigns an IP address to it. During this process, SMF will also initiate a session policy control establishment request to SM PCF for establishing session policy control between SMF and SM PCF. During the session policy control establishment process, SMF will save the session policy control and PDU session Correspondence.
作为一种可能的实现方式，该实施例中在会话管理流程中未上报星座信息，也就是对于PDU会话建立具体流程不做改进，详细的PDU会话建立流程可以参考目前PDU会话建立流程的描述，这里不再赘述。As a possible implementation, in this embodiment, constellation information is not reported in the session management process, that is, no improvement is made to the specific process of PDU session establishment. For the detailed PDU session establishment process, please refer to the description of the current PDU session establishment process. I won't go into details here.
作为另一种可能的实现方式，该实施例中在会话管理流程中上报星座信息。具体地，星座信息可以包括在会话管理请求消息中上报给策略控制网元和/或应用网元，参考图4中步骤S422的描述，这里不再赘述。As another possible implementation manner, in this embodiment, the constellation information is reported in the session management process. Specifically, the constellation information may be included in the session management request message and reported to the policy control network element and/or the application network element. Refer to the description of step S422 in FIG. 4 , which will not be repeated here.
在PDU会话建立完成之后，图5所示的方法流程还包括：After the PDU session is established, the method flow shown in Figure 5 also includes:
S510，RAN接收来自第二设备的请求消息，或者说第二设备向RAN发送请求消息。S510, the RAN receives the request message from the second device, or the second device sends the request message to the RAN.
该请求消息用于请求确定所述卫星回传链路时延变化。The request message is used to request to determine the variation of the satellite backhaul link delay.
需要说明的是，在会话管理流程中上报星座信息的情况下，第二设备还可以根据星座信息判断是否发送所述请求消息，参考图4中步骤S423的描述，这里不再赘述。It should be noted that, in the case of reporting constellation information in the session management process, the second device may also determine whether to send the request message according to the constellation information. Refer to the description of step S423 in FIG. 4 , which will not be repeated here.
示例性地，该请求消息可以理解为订阅消息，该订阅消息用于订阅卫星回传链路的时延变化，也就是说在卫星回传链路的延时发生变化的情况下，第二设备希望收到通知消息，通知该卫星回传链路的时延发生变化，可选地通知消息中还包括变化后的卫星回传链路的 延时大小，以便于第二设备能够基于卫星回传链路的延时确定执行策略。Exemplarily, the request message can be understood as a subscription message, and the subscription message is used to subscribe to the delay change of the satellite backhaul link, that is to say, when the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes, the second device It is hoped to receive a notification message, informing the satellite that the delay of the backhaul link has changed, and optionally the notification message also includes the changed satellite backhaul link The delay is so that the second device can determine the execution strategy based on the delay of the satellite backhaul link.
作为一种可能的实现方式，第二设备为AF网元，第二设备向RAN发送请求消息具体包括以下两种方式：As a possible implementation, the second device is an AF network element, and sending the request message to the RAN by the second device specifically includes the following two methods:
方式一：method one:
AF依次通过NEF、PCF、SMF、AMF向RAN发送请求消息。The AF sends request messages to the RAN through the NEF, PCF, SMF, and AMF in sequence.
例如，AF向NEF发送用于请求确定所述卫星回传链路时延变化的请求消息；NEF接收到该请求消息之后，向PCF发送用于请求确定所述卫星回传链路时延变化的请求消息；PCF接收到请求消息之后，向SMF发送用于请求确定所述卫星回传链路时延变化的请求消息(如，策略控制请求触发器(policy control request trigger，PCRT))；SMF接收到请求消息之后，向AMF发送用于请求确定所述卫星回传链路时延变化的请求消息；AMF接收到该请求消息之后，向RAN发送用于请求确定所述卫星回传链路时延变化的请求消息。For example, the AF sends a request message to the NEF for requesting to determine the change in the satellite backhaul link delay; after receiving the request message, the NEF sends a request message to the PCF for requesting to determine the change in the satellite backhaul link delay. Request message; After receiving the request message, the PCF sends to the SMF a request message (such as, a policy control request trigger (Policy control request trigger, PCRT)) for requesting to determine the change in delay of the satellite backhaul link; the SMF receives After receiving the request message, send a request message to the AMF for requesting to determine the delay change of the satellite backhaul link; after receiving the request message, the AMF sends a request message to the RAN for requesting to determine the delay of the satellite backhaul link Change request message.
方式二：Method 2:
AF依次通过NEF、UDM、SMF、AMF向RAN发送请求消息。The AF sends request messages to the RAN through the NEF, UDM, SMF, and AMF in sequence.
例如，AF向NEF发送用于请求确定所述卫星回传链路时延变化的请求消息；NEF接收到该请求消息之后，向UDM发送用于请求确定所述卫星回传链路时延变化的请求消息；UDM接收到请求消息之后，向SMF发送用于请求确定所述卫星回传链路时延变化的请求消息(如，PCRT)；SMF接收到请求消息之后，向AMF发送用于请求确定所述卫星回传链路时延变化的请求消息；AMF接收到该请求消息之后，向RAN发送用于请求确定所述卫星回传链路时延变化的请求消息。For example, the AF sends to the NEF a request message for requesting to determine the change in the delay of the satellite backhaul link; after receiving the request message, the NEF sends a request message to the UDM for requesting to determine the change in the delay of the satellite backhaul link. Request message; after receiving the request message, the UDM sends to the SMF a request message (such as PCRT) for requesting to determine the delay change of the satellite backhaul link; after the SMF receives the request message, it sends a request message to the AMF for requesting to determine The satellite backhaul link delay change request message; after receiving the request message, the AMF sends a request message to the RAN for requesting to determine the satellite backhaul link delay change request message.
应理解，上述只是举例说明AF向RAN发送请求消息的路径，对本申请的保护范围不构成任何的限定，其他能够将请求消息传输到RAN的方式也在本申请的保护范围之内，这里不再赘述。It should be understood that the above is just an example of the path through which the AF sends the request message to the RAN, and does not constitute any limitation on the scope of protection of this application. repeat.
作为另一种可能的实现方式，第二设备为PCF网元，第二设备向RAN发送请求消息具体包括：PCF依次通过SMF、AMF向RAN发送请求消息。As another possible implementation manner, the second device is a PCF network element, and sending the request message to the RAN by the second device specifically includes: the PCF sends the request message to the RAN through the SMF and the AMF in sequence.
例如，PCF向SMF发送用于请求确定所述卫星回传链路时延变化的请求消息(如，策略控制请求触发器(policy control request trigger，PCRT))；SMF接收到请求消息之后，向AMF发送用于请求确定所述卫星回传链路时延变化的请求消息；AMF接收到该请求消息之后，向RAN发送用于请求确定所述卫星回传链路时延变化的请求消息。For example, the PCF sends to the SMF a request message (such as a policy control request trigger (PCRT)) for requesting to determine the delay change of the satellite backhaul link; after receiving the request message, the SMF sends a request message to the AMF Sending a request message for requesting to determine the change in delay of the satellite backhaul link; after receiving the request message, the AMF sends a request message for requesting to determine the change in delay of the satellite backhaul link to the RAN.
应理解，上述只是举例说明PCF向RAN发送请求消息的路径，对本申请的保护范围不构成任何的限定，其他能够将请求消息传输到RAN的方式也在本申请的保护范围之内，这里不再赘述。It should be understood that the above is just an example of the path for the PCF to send the request message to the RAN, and does not constitute any limitation to the protection scope of this application. Other ways that can transmit the request message to the RAN are also within the protection scope of this application, and will not repeat.
进一步地，RAN接收到上述的请求消息之后，根据请求消息确定第二设备需要获取卫星回传链路的时延是否发生变化。Further, after receiving the above request message, the RAN determines according to the request message whether the time delay for the second device to acquire the satellite backhaul link changes.
可选地，在卫星回传链路的时延发生变化的情况下，RAN可以通过通知消息上报到第二设备卫星回传链路时延发生变化，图5所示的方法流程还包括：Optionally, when the time delay of the satellite backhaul link changes, the RAN may report to the second device that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link changes through a notification message. The method flow shown in FIG. 5 also includes:
S512，RAN确定卫星回传链路时延发生变化。S512. The RAN determines that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link changes.
参考上述的步骤S410的描述，这里不再赘述。Refer to the description of the above step S410, which will not be repeated here.
S513，RAN向第二设备发送通知消息，或者说RAN向第二设备发送通知消息。 S513. The RAN sends a notification message to the second device, or the RAN sends a notification message to the second device.
该通知消息用于通知所述卫星回传链路时延发生变化。参考上述的步骤S420。The notification message is used to notify the satellite that the time delay of the backhaul link changes. Refer to the above step S420.
可选地，在卫星回传链路的时延发生变化的情况下，进一步地还可以获取变化后的卫星回传链路的延时大小，图5所示的方法流程还包括：Optionally, in the case where the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes, the changed delay of the satellite backhaul link may further be acquired, and the method flow shown in FIG. 5 also includes:
S520，RAN确定是否需要估算卫星回传链路的时延。S520, the RAN determines whether it is necessary to estimate the time delay of the satellite backhaul link.
需要说明的是，该实施例中主要考虑RAN确定需要估算卫星回传链路的时延的情况。It should be noted that this embodiment mainly considers the case where the RAN determines that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link needs to be estimated.
例如，RAN基于卫星运控信息，确定需要进行卫星回传延时的估算(或者说计算、测量)。For example, based on the satellite operation and control information, the RAN determines that it is necessary to estimate (or calculate, measure) the satellite return delay.
在RAN确定需要测量卫星回传链路的时延的情况下，后续卫星回传链路的时延的获取和上报流程包括以下几种方式：In the case where the RAN determines that it is necessary to measure the delay of the satellite backhaul link, the acquisition and reporting process of the delay of the subsequent satellite backhaul link includes the following methods:
方式一：UPF测量和上报卫星回传链路的时延。Method 1: UPF measures and reports the delay of the satellite backhaul link.
在方式一中，图5所示的方法流程：In mode one, the method flow shown in Figure 5:
S530，RAN向UPF发送至少一个时延测量请求，或者说UPF接收来自RAN的至少一个时延测量请求。S530, the RAN sends at least one delay measurement request to the UPF, or the UPF receives at least one delay measurement request from the RAN.
该至少一个时延测量请求分别用于请求UPF确定至少一个时延。其中，所述时延测量请求中包括第二指示信息，所述第二指示信息用于指示发送所述时延测量请求的时刻，所述至少一个时延用于确定所述卫星回传链路的时延。The at least one delay measurement request is respectively used to request the UPF to determine at least one delay. Wherein, the delay measurement request includes second indication information, the second indication information is used to indicate the moment when the delay measurement request is sent, and the at least one delay is used to determine the satellite backhaul link delay.
示例性地，第二指示信息为时间戳，标识发送时延测量请求的时刻。Exemplarily, the second indication information is a time stamp, which identifies the moment when the delay measurement request is sent.
作为一种可能的实现方式，时延测量请求为RAN和UPF之间新增的用于请求UPF确定时延的消息。As a possible implementation manner, the delay measurement request is a newly added message between the RAN and the UPF for requesting the UPF to determine the delay.
作为另一种可能的实现方式，时延测量请求可以携带在RAN和UPF之间已有的消息中(如，携带在PDU会话数据中)。As another possible implementation manner, the delay measurement request may be carried in an existing message between the RAN and the UPF (for example, carried in the PDU session data).
应理解，本申请实施例中对于时延测量请求的具体形式不做限定，可以是任何能够用于请求UPF确定卫星回传链路的时延的消息。It should be understood that the specific form of the delay measurement request is not limited in this embodiment of the present application, and may be any message that can be used to request the UPF to determine the delay of the satellite backhaul link.
S540，UPF测量卫星回传链路的时延。S540, the UPF measures the time delay of the satellite backhaul link.
作为一种可能的实现方式，RAN向UPF发送一个时延测量请求，该时延测量请求用于请求UPF确定一个时延，该时延为所述卫星回传链路的时延。As a possible implementation manner, the RAN sends a delay measurement request to the UPF, where the delay measurement request is used to request the UPF to determine a delay, which is the delay of the satellite backhaul link.
例如，UPF接收到时延测量请求后，基于时延测量请求的接收时刻和时延测量请求的发送时刻，测量得到延时，该时延为卫星回传链路的时延。For example, after the UPF receives the delay measurement request, it measures the delay based on the receiving time of the delay measurement request and the sending time of the delay measurement request, which is the delay of the satellite backhaul link.
作为另一种可能的实现方式，RAN向UPF发送多个时延测量请求，该多个时延测量请求分别用于请求UPF确定多个时延，该多个时延用于确定卫星回传链路的时延。As another possible implementation, the RAN sends multiple delay measurement requests to the UPF, and the multiple delay measurement requests are respectively used to request the UPF to determine multiple delays, and the multiple delays are used to determine satellite backhaul chain road delay.
例如，UPF接收到多个时延测量请求后，分别基于多个时延测量请求的接收时刻和发送时刻，测量得到多个延时，将该多个时延平均值或最大值为所述卫星回传链路的时延。For example, after the UPF receives multiple delay measurement requests, it measures multiple delays based on the receiving time and sending time of the multiple delay measurement requests respectively, and uses the average or maximum value of the multiple delays as the satellite response transmission link delay.
进一步地，UPF测量得到卫星回传链路的时延之后可以通过SMF将该卫星回传链路的时延上报给第二设备，图5所示的方法流程还包括：Further, after the time delay of the satellite backhaul link is obtained by the UPF measurement, the time delay of the satellite backhaul link can be reported to the second device through the SMF. The method flow shown in FIG. 5 also includes:
S550，UPF向第二设备发送卫星回传链路的时延，或者说第二设备接收来自UPF的卫星回传链路的时延。S550, the UPF sends the time delay of the satellite backhaul link to the second device, or the second device receives the time delay of the satellite backhaul link from the UPF.
可选地，UPF基于配置信息或者SMF的请求，向SMF发送卫星回传链路时延。Optionally, the UPF sends the satellite backhaul link delay to the SMF based on the configuration information or the request of the SMF.
示例性地，卫星回传链路的时延携带在通知消息中，该通知消息用于响应上述的请求消息，通知第二设备卫星回传链路的时延发生变化，可选地通知消息中还包括变化后的卫 星回传链路的延时。Exemplarily, the time delay of the satellite backhaul link is carried in a notification message, and the notification message is used to respond to the above-mentioned request message to notify the second device that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link changes, and optionally the notification message Also includes changed Guard The delay of the satellite backhaul link.
作为一种可能的实现方式，第二设备为AF网元，UPF向第二设备发送卫星回传链路的时延具体包括以下两种方式：As a possible implementation, the second device is an AF network element, and the time delay for the UPF to send the satellite backhaul link to the second device specifically includes the following two methods:
方式1：Method 1:
对应于上述第二设备向RAN发送请求消息的方式一，UPF依次通过SMF、PCF、NEF向AF发送卫星回传链路的时延。Corresponding to the first manner in which the second device sends a request message to the RAN, the UPF sends the time delay of the satellite backhaul link to the AF through the SMF, the PCF, and the NEF in sequence.
例如，UPF向SMF发送用于通知第二设备回传链路的时延发生变化的通知消息，该通知消息中携带卫星回传链路的时延；SMF接收到通知消息之后，向PCF发送用于通知第二设备回传链路的时延发生变化的通知消息，该通知消息中携带卫星回传链路的时延；PCF接收到通知消息之后，向NEF发送用于通知第二设备回传链路的时延发生变化的通知消息，该通知消息中携带卫星回传链路的时延；NEF接收到通知消息之后，向AF发送用于通知第二设备回传链路的时延发生变化的通知消息，该通知消息中携带卫星回传链路的时延。For example, the UPF sends a notification message to the SMF to notify the second device that the time delay of the backhaul link has changed, and the notification message carries the time delay of the satellite backhaul link; after receiving the notification message, the SMF sends a notification message to the PCF with A notification message for notifying the second device that the delay of the backhaul link has changed, the notification message carries the delay of the satellite backhaul link; after receiving the notification message, the PCF sends a notification message to the NEF for notifying the second device of the backhaul link A notification message of a change in link delay, which carries the delay of the satellite backhaul link; after receiving the notification message, the NEF sends a message to the AF to notify the second device that the delay of the backhaul link has changed The notification message carries the time delay of the satellite backhaul link.
方式2：Method 2:
对应于上述第二设备向RAN发送请求消息的方式二，UPF依次通过SMF和NEF向AF发送卫星回传链路的时延。Corresponding to the second manner in which the second device sends the request message to the RAN, the UPF sends the time delay of the satellite backhaul link to the AF through the SMF and the NEF in sequence.
例如，UPF向SMF发送用于通知第二设备卫星回传链路的时延发生变化的通知消息，该通知消息中携带卫星回传链路的时延；SMF接收到通知消息之后，向NEF发送用于通知第二设备卫星回传链路的时延发生变化的通知消息，该通知消息中携带卫星回传链路的时延；NEF接收到通知消息之后，向AF发送用于通知第二设备卫星回传链路的时延发生变化的通知消息，该通知消息中携带卫星回传链路的时延。For example, the UPF sends a notification message to the SMF to notify the second device that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link has changed, and the notification message carries the time delay of the satellite backhaul link; after receiving the notification message, the SMF sends the notification message to the NEF A notification message for notifying the second device that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link has changed, and the notification message carries the time delay of the satellite backhaul link; after receiving the notification message, the NEF sends a notification message to the AF to notify the second device A notification message for a change in the time delay of the satellite backhaul link, where the notification message carries the time delay of the satellite backhaul link.
作为另一种可能的实现方式，第二设备为PCF网元，UPF向第二设备发送卫星回传链路的时延具体包括：UPF通过SMF向PCF发送卫星回传链路的时延。As another possible implementation manner, the second device is a PCF network element, and the time delay for the UPF to send the satellite backhaul link to the second device specifically includes: the time delay for the UPF to send the satellite backhaul link to the PCF through the SMF.
例如，UPF向SMF发送用于通知第二设备卫星回传链路的延时发生变化的通知消息，该通知消息中携带卫星回传链路的时延；SMF接收到通知消息之后，向PCF发送用于通知第二设备卫星回传链路的时延发生变化的通知消息，该通知消息中携带卫星回传链路的时延。For example, the UPF sends a notification message to the SMF to notify the second device that the delay of the satellite backhaul link has changed, and the notification message carries the delay of the satellite backhaul link; after receiving the notification message, the SMF sends the notification message to the PCF A notification message used to notify the second device that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link changes, and the notification message carries the time delay of the satellite backhaul link.
应理解，上述只是举例说明UPF向第二设备发送卫星回传链路的时延的路径，对本申请的保护范围不构成任何的限定，其他能够将卫星回传链路的时延传输到第二设备的方式也在本申请的保护范围之内，这里不再赘述。It should be understood that the above is just an example of the UPF sending the delay path of the satellite backhaul link to the second device, which does not constitute any limitation on the protection scope of the present application. Others can transmit the delay of the satellite backhaul link to the second device. The way of equipment is also within the protection scope of the present application, and will not be repeated here.
具体地，第二设备接收到卫星回传链路的时延之后，可以基于卫星回传链路的时延确定执行策略，图5所示的方法流程还包括：Specifically, after receiving the time delay of the satellite backhaul link, the second device may determine an execution strategy based on the time delay of the satellite backhaul link. The method flow shown in FIG. 5 also includes:
S560，第二设备确定执行策略。S560. The second device determines an execution policy.
参考上述步骤S440的描述，这里不再赘述。Refer to the description of the above step S440, which will not be repeated here.
方式二：RAN估算和上报回传链路的时延。Method 2: The RAN estimates and reports the delay of the backhaul link.
在该方式二中，图5所示的方法流程：In the second mode, the method flow shown in Figure 5:
S531，RAN估算回传链路的时延。S531. The RAN estimates the time delay of the backhaul link.
参考上述步骤S430的描述，这里不再赘述。 Refer to the description of the above step S430, and details are not repeated here.
进一步地，RAN估算得到卫星回传链路的时延之后可以通过AMF将该卫星回传链路的时延上报给第二设备，图5所示的方法流程还包括：Further, the RAN may report the time delay of the satellite backhaul link to the second device through the AMF after estimating and obtaining the time delay of the satellite backhaul link. The method flow shown in FIG. 5 also includes:
S551，RAN向第二设备发送卫星回传链路的时延，或者说第二设备接收来自RAN的卫星回传链路的时延。S551. The RAN sends the time delay of the satellite backhaul link to the second device, or the second device receives the time delay of the satellite backhaul link from the RAN.
示例性地，卫星回传链路的时延携带在通知消息中，该通知消息用于响应上述的请求消息，通知第二设备卫星回传链路的时延发生变化，可选地通知消息中还包括变化后的卫星回传链路的延时大小(如，上述的第二时延)。Exemplarily, the time delay of the satellite backhaul link is carried in a notification message, and the notification message is used to respond to the above-mentioned request message to notify the second device that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link changes, and optionally the notification message It also includes the changed delay of the satellite backhaul link (for example, the above-mentioned second delay).
作为一种可能的实现方式，第二设备为AF网元，RAN向第二设备发送卫星回传链路的时延具体包括以下两种方式：As a possible implementation, the second device is an AF network element, and the time delay for the RAN to send the satellite backhaul link to the second device specifically includes the following two methods:
方式1：Method 1:
对应于上述第二设备向RAN发送请求消息的方式一，RAN依次通过AMF、SMF、PCF、NEF向AF发送卫星回传链路的时延。Corresponding to the first manner in which the second device sends a request message to the RAN, the RAN sends the time delay of the satellite backhaul link to the AF through the AMF, the SMF, the PCF, and the NEF in sequence.
例如，RAN向AMF发送用于通知第二设备卫星回传链路的时延发生变化的通知消息，该通知消息中携带卫星回传链路的时延；AMF向SMF发送用于通知第二设备卫星回传链路的时延发生变化的通知消息，该通知消息中携带卫星回传链路的时延；SMF接收到通知消息之后，向PCF发送用于通知第二设备卫星回传链路的时延发生变化的通知消息，该通知消息中携带卫星回传链路的时延；PCF接收到通知消息之后，向NEF发送用于通知第二设备卫星回传链路的时延发生变化的通知消息，该通知消息中携带卫星回传链路的时延；NEF接收到通知消息之后，向AF发送用于通知第二设备卫星回传链路的时延发生变化的通知消息，该通知消息中携带卫星回传链路的时延。For example, the RAN sends a notification message to the AMF for notifying the second device that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link has changed, and the notification message carries the time delay of the satellite backhaul link; the AMF sends a notification message to the SMF for notifying the second device A notification message of a change in the time delay of the satellite backhaul link, the notification message carrying the time delay of the satellite backhaul link; after receiving the notification message, the SMF sends a notification message for notifying the second device of the satellite backhaul link to the PCF A notification message of a change in delay, the notification message carrying the delay of the satellite backhaul link; after receiving the notification message, the PCF sends a notification to the NEF to notify the second device that the delay of the satellite backhaul link has changed message, the notification message carries the time delay of the satellite backhaul link; after the NEF receives the notification message, it sends a notification message to the AF to notify the second device that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link has changed, and the notification message contains Carrying the delay of the satellite backhaul link.
方式2：Method 2:
对应于上述第二设备向RAN发送请求消息的方式二，RAN依次通过AMF和NEF向AF发送卫星回传链路的时延。Corresponding to the second manner in which the second device sends the request message to the RAN, the RAN sends the time delay of the satellite backhaul link to the AF through the AMF and the NEF in sequence.
例如，RAN向AMF发送用于通知第二设备卫星回传链路的时延发生变化的通知消息，该通知消息中携带卫星回传链路的时延；AMF接收到通知消息之后，向NEF发送用于通知第二设备卫星回传链路的时延发生变化的通知消息，该通知消息中携带卫星回传链路的时延；NEF接收到通知消息之后，向AF发送用于通知第二设备卫星回传链路的时延发生变化的通知消息，该通知消息中携带卫星回传链路的时延。For example, the RAN sends a notification message to the AMF to notify the second device that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link has changed, and the notification message carries the time delay of the satellite backhaul link; after receiving the notification message, the AMF sends the notification message to the NEF A notification message for notifying the second device that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link has changed, and the notification message carries the time delay of the satellite backhaul link; after receiving the notification message, the NEF sends a notification message to the AF to notify the second device A notification message for a change in the time delay of the satellite backhaul link, where the notification message carries the time delay of the satellite backhaul link.
作为另一种可能的实现方式，第二设备为PCF网元，RAN向第二设备发送卫星回传链路的时延具体包括：RAN通过AMF和SMF向PCF发送卫星回传链路的时延。As another possible implementation, the second device is a PCF network element, and the delay for the RAN to send the satellite backhaul link to the second device specifically includes: the delay for the RAN to send the satellite backhaul link to the PCF through the AMF and SMF .
例如，RAN向AMF发送用于通知第二设备卫星回传链路的时延发生变化的通知消息，该通知消息中携带卫星回传链路的时延；AMF向SMF发送用于通知第二设备卫星回传链路的时延发生变化的通知消息，该通知消息中携带卫星回传链路的时延；SMF接收到通知消息之后，向PCF发送用于通知第二设备卫星回传链路的时延发生变化的通知消息，该通知消息中携带卫星回传链路的时延。For example, the RAN sends a notification message to the AMF for notifying the second device that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link has changed, and the notification message carries the time delay of the satellite backhaul link; the AMF sends a notification message to the SMF for notifying the second device A notification message of a change in the time delay of the satellite backhaul link, the notification message carrying the time delay of the satellite backhaul link; after receiving the notification message, the SMF sends a notification message for notifying the second device of the satellite backhaul link to the PCF A notification message of a delay change, the notification message carrying the delay of the satellite backhaul link.
应理解，上述只是举例说明RAN向第二设备发送卫星回传链路的时延的路径，对本申请的保护范围不构成任何的限定，其他能够将卫星回传链路的时延传输到第二设备的方式也在本申请的保护范围之内，这里不再赘述。It should be understood that the above is just an example to illustrate the path for the RAN to send the delay of the satellite backhaul link to the second device, which does not constitute any limitation on the protection scope of the present application. Others can transmit the delay of the satellite backhaul link to the second device. The way of equipment is also within the protection scope of the present application, and will not be repeated here.
具体地，第二设备接收到卫星回传链路的时延之后，可以基于卫星回传链路的时延确 定执行策略，图5所示的方法流程还包括：Specifically, after receiving the time delay of the satellite backhaul link, the second device may determine the time delay based on the satellite backhaul link. Determine the implementation strategy, the method process shown in Figure 5 also includes:
S561，第二设备确定执行策略。S561. The second device determines an execution policy.
参考上述的S440的描述，这里不再赘述。Refer to the above description of S440, which will not be repeated here.
方式三：AMF估算和上报卫星回传链路的时延。Method 3: AMF estimates and reports the delay of the satellite backhaul link.
在方式三中，图5所示的方法流程还包括：In mode three, the method flow shown in Figure 5 also includes:
S532，RAN向AMF发送时延估算请求，或者说AMF接收来自RAN的时延估算请求。S532. The RAN sends a delay estimation request to the AMF, or the AMF receives the delay estimation request from the RAN.
该时延估算请求用于请求AMF估算卫星回传链路的时延。The delay estimation request is used to request the AMF to estimate the delay of the satellite backhaul link.
示例性地，该时延估算请求可以理解为触发消息，用于触发AMF估算卫星回传链路的时延。Exemplarily, the delay estimation request can be understood as a trigger message, which is used to trigger the AMF to estimate the delay of the satellite backhaul link.
S542，AMF估算卫星回传链路的时延。S542. The AMF estimates the time delay of the satellite backhaul link.
参考上述步骤S430的描述，这里不再赘述。Refer to the description of the above step S430, and details are not repeated here.
进一步地，AMF估算得到回传链路的时延之后可以将该卫星回传链路的时延上报给第二设备，图5所示的方法流程还包括：Further, after the time delay of the backhaul link is estimated by the AMF, the time delay of the satellite backhaul link can be reported to the second device. The method flow shown in FIG. 5 also includes:
S552，AMF向第二设备发送卫星回传链路的时延，或者说第二设备接收来自AMF的卫星回传链路的时延。S552. The AMF sends the time delay of the satellite backhaul link to the second device, or the second device receives the time delay of the satellite backhaul link from the AMF.
示例性地，卫星回传链路的时延携带在通知消息中(如，上述步骤S512中的通知消息中包括卫星回传链路的时延)，该通知消息用于响应上述的请求消息，通知第二设备卫星回传链路的时延发生变化，可选地通知消息中还包括变化后的回传链路的延时。Exemplarily, the time delay of the satellite backhaul link is carried in the notification message (for example, the notification message in the above step S512 includes the time delay of the satellite backhaul link), and the notification message is used to respond to the above request message, The second device is notified that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link changes, and optionally the notification message further includes the changed time delay of the backhaul link.
作为一种可能的实现方式，第二设备为AF网元，AMF向第二设备发送卫星回传链路的时延具体包括以下两种方式：As a possible implementation, the second device is an AF network element, and the time delay for the AMF to send the satellite backhaul link to the second device specifically includes the following two methods:
方式1：Method 1:
对应于上述第二设备向RAN发送请求消息的方式一，AMF依次通SMF、PCF、NEF向AF发送卫星回传链路的时延。Corresponding to the first manner in which the second device sends a request message to the RAN, the AMF sends the time delay of the satellite backhaul link to the AF through the SMF, the PCF, and the NEF in sequence.
例如，AMF向SMF发送用于通知第二设备卫星回传链路的时延发生变化的通知消息，该通知消息中携带卫星回传链路的时延；SMF接收到通知消息之后，向PCF发送用于通知第二设备卫星回传链路的时延发生变化的通知消息，该通知消息中携带卫星回传链路的时延；PCF接收到通知消息之后，向NEF发送用于通知第二设备卫星回传链路的时延发生变化的通知消息，该通知消息中携带卫星回传链路的时延；NEF接收到通知消息之后，向AF发送用于通知第二设备卫星回传链路的时延发生变化的通知消息，该通知消息中携带卫星回传链路的时延。For example, the AMF sends a notification message to the SMF to notify the second device that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link has changed, and the notification message carries the time delay of the satellite backhaul link; after receiving the notification message, the SMF sends the notification message to the PCF A notification message for notifying the second device that the delay of the satellite backhaul link has changed, and the notification message carries the delay of the satellite backhaul link; after receiving the notification message, the PCF sends a notification message to the NEF for notifying the second device A notification message of a change in the time delay of the satellite backhaul link, the notification message carrying the time delay of the satellite backhaul link; after receiving the notification message, the NEF sends a notification message to the AF for notifying the second device of the satellite backhaul link A notification message of a delay change, the notification message carrying the delay of the satellite backhaul link.
方式2：Method 2:
对应于上述第二设备向RAN发送请求消息的方式二，AMF通过NEF向AF发送卫星回传链路的时延。Corresponding to the second manner in which the second device sends the request message to the RAN, the AMF sends the time delay of the satellite backhaul link to the AF through the NEF.
例如，AMF接收到通知消息之后，向NEF发送用于通知第二设备卫星回传链路的延时发生变化的通知消息，该通知消息中携带卫星回传链路的时延；NEF接收到通知消息之后，向AF发送用于通知第二设备卫星回传链路的时延发生变化的通知消息，该通知消息中携带卫星回传链路的时延。For example, after receiving the notification message, the AMF sends a notification message to the NEF to notify the second device that the delay of the satellite backhaul link has changed, and the notification message carries the delay of the satellite backhaul link; the NEF receives the notification After the message, a notification message for notifying the second device that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link has changed is sent to the AF, where the notification message carries the time delay of the satellite backhaul link.
作为另一种可能的实现方式，第二设备为PCF网元，AMF向第二设备发送卫星回传 链路的时延具体包括：AMF通过SMF向PCF发送卫星回传链路的时延。As another possible implementation, the second device is a PCF network element, and the AMF sends satellite feedback to the second device The delay of the link specifically includes: the delay of sending the satellite backhaul link from the AMF to the PCF through the SMF.
例如，AMF向SMF发送用于通知第二设备卫星回传链路的时延发生变化的通知消息，该通知消息中携带卫星回传链路的时延；SMF接收到通知消息之后，向PCF发送用于通知第二设备卫星回传链路的时延发生变化的通知消息，该通知消息中携带卫星回传链路的时延。For example, the AMF sends a notification message to the SMF to notify the second device that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link has changed, and the notification message carries the time delay of the satellite backhaul link; after receiving the notification message, the SMF sends the notification message to the PCF A notification message used to notify the second device that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link changes, and the notification message carries the time delay of the satellite backhaul link.
应理解，上述只是举例说明AMF向第二设备发送卫星回传链路的时延的路径，对本申请的保护范围不构成任何的限定，其他能够将卫星回传链路的时延传输到第二设备的方式也在本申请的保护范围之内，这里不再赘述。It should be understood that the above is just an example of the path where the AMF sends the time delay of the satellite backhaul link to the second device, and does not constitute any limitation on the scope of protection of this application. Others can transmit the time delay of the satellite backhaul link to the second device. The way of equipment is also within the protection scope of the present application, and will not be repeated here.
具体地，第二设备接收到卫星回传链路的时延之后，可以基于卫星回传链路的时延确定执行策略，图5所示的方法流程还包括：Specifically, after receiving the time delay of the satellite backhaul link, the second device may determine an execution strategy based on the time delay of the satellite backhaul link. The method flow shown in FIG. 5 also includes:
S562，第二设备确定执行策略。S562. The second device determines an execution policy.
参考上述的S440的描述，这里不再赘述。Refer to the above description of S440, which will not be repeated here.
上面结合图5详细介绍了RAN在订阅流程中确定需要估算回传链路的延时，下面结合图6说明RAN在会话建立流程确定需要估算回传链路的延时。The above describes in detail how the RAN determines that it needs to estimate the delay of the backhaul link in the subscription process in conjunction with FIG. 5 . The following describes in conjunction with FIG. 6 that the RAN determines that it needs to estimate the delay of the backhaul link in the session establishment process.
图6是本申请实施例提供的又一种通信方法的示意性流程图。该通信方法应用于接入网设备通过卫星回传链路与核心网设备通信的***中(如，图2所示的通信***)。Fig. 6 is a schematic flowchart of another communication method provided by an embodiment of the present application. The communication method is applied to a system in which an access network device communicates with a core network device through a satellite backhaul link (for example, the communication system shown in FIG. 2 ).
为了便于理解，图6所示的实施例中以第一网元为RAN，第二设备为PCF和/或AF，会话管理流程为会话建立流程为例进行说明。For ease of understanding, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 , the first network element is the RAN, the second device is the PCF and/or AF, and the session management process is the session establishment process as an example for illustration.
以下结合各步骤，详细介绍该通信方法。图6包括以下步骤：The communication method will be described in detail below in conjunction with each step. Figure 6 includes the following steps:
S610，UE向RAN发送会话建立请求消息，或者说RAN接收来自UE的会话建立请求消息。S610, the UE sends a session establishment request message to the RAN, or the RAN receives the session establishment request message from the UE.
具体地，该会话建立请求消息用于请求建立PDU会话。Specifically, the session establishment request message is used to request establishment of a PDU session.
应理解，本申请对于会话建立请求消息中包括的信元不做限定，可以参考目前PDU会话建立流程中对于会话建立请求消息的描述，这里不再赘述。It should be understood that this application does not limit the information elements included in the session establishment request message, and reference may be made to the description of the session establishment request message in the current PDU session establishment process, which will not be repeated here.
与目前的会话建立流程不同的是，该实施例中，RAN接收到会话建立请求消息之后能够触发上报星座信息。Different from the current session establishment process, in this embodiment, the RAN can trigger reporting of constellation information after receiving the session establishment request message.
可选地，还可以确定是否估算卫星回传链路的延时，下面以确定需要估算卫星回传链路的延时为例介绍，图6所示的方法流程还可以包括：Optionally, it may also be determined whether to estimate the delay of the satellite backhaul link. The following is an example of determining the need to estimate the delay of the satellite backhaul link. The method flow shown in FIG. 6 may also include:
S620，RAN确定是否需要估算卫星回传链路的时延。S620, the RAN determines whether it is necessary to estimate the time delay of the satellite backhaul link.
参考上述S520的描述，这里不再赘述。Refer to the description of S520 above, and details are not repeated here.
在RAN确定需要测量卫星回传链路的时延的情况下，后续卫星回传链路的时延的获取和上报流程包括以下几种方式：In the case where the RAN determines that it is necessary to measure the delay of the satellite backhaul link, the acquisition and reporting process of the delay of the subsequent satellite backhaul link includes the following methods:
方式一：RAN估算和卫星上报回传链路的时延。Method 1: The RAN estimates and the satellite reports the delay of the backhaul link.
在方式一中，图6所示的方法流程：In mode one, the method flow shown in Figure 6:
S630，RAN估算卫星回传链路的时延。S630, the RAN estimates the time delay of the satellite backhaul link.
参考上述S430的描述，这里不再赘述。Refer to the description of S430 above, and details are not repeated here.
进一步地，RAN估算得到回传链路的时延之后可以通过会话建立的后续流程将该卫星回传链路的时延上报给第二设备，图6所示的方法流程还包括：Further, after the RAN estimates and obtains the time delay of the backhaul link, the time delay of the satellite backhaul link may be reported to the second device through the subsequent process of establishing the session. The method flow shown in FIG. 6 also includes:
S640，RAN向AMF发送会话建立请求消息，或者说AMF接收来自RAN的会话建 立请求消息。S640, the RAN sends a session establishment request message to the AMF, or the AMF receives the session establishment request message from the RAN Request a message immediately.
该会话建立请求消息中包括卫星回传链路的时延。The session establishment request message includes the time delay of the satellite backhaul link.
示例性地，该会话建立请求消息还可以携带其他的信元(如，能够唯一标识RAN的信息和星座信息)，需要说明的是其他的信元随着会话建立请求消息发送给AMF，可以是在会话建立请求消息的外部。Exemplarily, the session establishment request message may also carry other information elements (such as information that can uniquely identify the RAN and constellation information), and it should be noted that other information elements are sent to the AMF along with the session establishment request message, which may be Outside of a session establishment request message.
可选地，RAN接收到会话建立请求消息之后触发上报星座信息的情况下，相应地RAN向AMF发送的会话建立请求消息中还包括星座信息。Optionally, when the RAN triggers to report the constellation information after receiving the session establishment request message, the session establishment request message sent by the RAN to the AMF correspondingly also includes the constellation information.
S650，AMF向SMF发送PDU会话管理上下文创建请求消息，或者说SMF接收来自AMF的PDU会话管理上下文创建请求消息。S650. The AMF sends a PDU session management context creation request message to the SMF, or the SMF receives the PDU session management context creation request message from the AMF.
该PDU会话管理上下文创建请求消息中还包括卫星回传链路的时延。The PDU session management context creation request message also includes the time delay of the satellite backhaul link.
可选地，RAN接收到会话建立请求消息之后触发上报星座信息的情况下，该PDU会话管理上下文创建请求消息中还包括星座信息。Optionally, when the RAN triggers to report the constellation information after receiving the session establishment request message, the PDU session management context creation request message also includes the constellation information.
S660，SMF向PCF发送会话策略控制创建或更新消息，或者说PCF接收来自SMF的会话策略控制创建或更新消息。S660. The SMF sends a session policy control creation or update message to the PCF, or the PCF receives the session policy control creation or update message from the SMF.
该会话策略控制创建或更新消息中还包括卫星回传链路的时延。The session policy control creation or update message also includes the time delay of the satellite backhaul link.
示例性地，PCF发现回传链路的延时过大而无法满足会话的QoS要求时发起会话释放。Exemplarily, the PCF initiates session release when it finds that the delay of the backhaul link is too large to meet the QoS requirement of the session.
可选地，RAN接收到会话建立请求消息之后触发上报星座信息的情况下，该会话策略控制创建或更新消息中还包括星座信息。Optionally, when the RAN triggers to report the constellation information after receiving the session establishment request message, the session policy control creation or update message also includes the constellation information.
可选地，图6所示的方法流程还包括：Optionally, the method flow shown in Figure 6 also includes:
S670，PCF向AF发送卫星回传链路的时延，或者说AF接收来自PCF的卫星回传链路的时延。S670, the PCF sends the time delay of the satellite backhaul link to the AF, or the AF receives the time delay of the satellite backhaul link from the PCF.
示例性地，AF基于该回传链路的延时进行应用层的编码或传输层算法的调整，比如在延时较大时进行编码补偿，以保证用户体验。Exemplarily, AF performs application layer coding or transport layer algorithm adjustment based on the delay of the backhaul link, such as performing coding compensation when the delay is relatively large, so as to ensure user experience.
作为一种可能的实现方式，PCF通过NEF向AF发送卫星回传链路的时延。As a possible implementation, the PCF sends the time delay of the satellite backhaul link to the AF through the NEF.
可选地，RAN接收到会话建立请求消息之后触发上报星座信息的情况下，PCF还可以向AF发送星座信息。Optionally, when the RAN triggers to report the constellation information after receiving the session establishment request message, the PCF may also send the constellation information to the AF.
方式二：AMF估算和上报卫星回传链路的时延。Method 2: AMF estimates and reports the delay of the satellite backhaul link.
在方式二中，图6所示的方法流程：In mode 2, the method flow shown in Figure 6:
S631，RAN向AMF发送会话建立请求消息，或者说AMF接收来自RAN的会话建立请求消息。S631. The RAN sends a session establishment request message to the AMF, or the AMF receives the session establishment request message from the RAN.
应理解，本申请对于会话建立请求消息中包括的信元不做限定，可以参考目前PDU会话建立流程中对于会话建立请求消息的描述，这里不再赘述。It should be understood that this application does not limit the information elements included in the session establishment request message, and reference may be made to the description of the session establishment request message in the current PDU session establishment process, which will not be repeated here.
可选地，RAN接收到会话建立请求消息之后触发上报星座信息的情况下，RAN向AMF发送的该会话建立请求消息中还包括星座信息。Optionally, when the RAN triggers to report the constellation information after receiving the session establishment request message, the session establishment request message sent by the RAN to the AMF also includes the constellation information.
与目前的会话建立流程不同的是，该方式二中，AMF接收到会话建立请求消息之后能够触发估算卫星回传链路的延时，图6所示的方法流程还包括：Different from the current session establishment process, in the second method, after the AMF receives the session establishment request message, it can trigger to estimate the delay of the satellite return link. The method process shown in Figure 6 also includes:
S641，AMF估算卫星回传链路的时延。S641. The AMF estimates the time delay of the satellite backhaul link.
参考上述S430的描述，这里不再赘述。 Refer to the description of S430 above, and details are not repeated here.
进一步地，AMF估算得到卫星回传链路的时延之后可以通过会话建立的后续流程将该卫星回传链路的时延上报给第二设备，图6所示的方法流程还包括：Further, after the time delay of the satellite backhaul link is estimated by the AMF, the time delay of the satellite backhaul link can be reported to the second device through the subsequent process of session establishment. The method flow shown in FIG. 6 also includes:
S651，AMF向SMF发送PDU会话管理上下文创建请求消息，或者说SMF接收来自AMF的PDU会话管理上下文创建请求消息。S651. The AMF sends a PDU session management context creation request message to the SMF, or the SMF receives the PDU session management context creation request message from the AMF.
该PDU会话管理上下文创建请求消息中包括卫星回传链路的时延。The PDU session management context creation request message includes the time delay of the satellite backhaul link.
可选地，RAN接收到会话建立请求消息之后触发上报星座信息的情况下，该PDU会话管理上下文创建请求消息中还包括星座信息。Optionally, when the RAN triggers to report the constellation information after receiving the session establishment request message, the PDU session management context creation request message also includes the constellation information.
S661，SMF向PCF发送会话策略控制创建或更新消息，或者说PCF接收来自SMF的会话策略控制创建或更新消息。S661. The SMF sends a session policy control creation or update message to the PCF, or the PCF receives the session policy control creation or update message from the SMF.
该会话策略控制创建或更新消息包括卫星回传链路的时延。The session policy controls the latency of creating or updating messages including satellite backhaul links.
可选地，RAN接收到会话建立请求消息之后触发上报星座信息的情况下，该会话策略控制创建或更新消息中还包括星座信息。Optionally, when the RAN triggers to report the constellation information after receiving the session establishment request message, the session policy control creation or update message also includes the constellation information.
可选地，图6所示的方法流程还包括：Optionally, the method flow shown in Figure 6 also includes:
S671，PCF向AF发送卫星回传链路的时延，或者说AF接收来自PCF的卫星回传链路的时延。S671. The PCF sends the time delay of the satellite backhaul link to the AF, or the AF receives the time delay of the satellite backhaul link from the PCF.
作为一种可能的实现方式，PCF通过NEF向AF发送卫星回传链路的时延。As a possible implementation, the PCF sends the time delay of the satellite backhaul link to the AF through the NEF.
可选地，RAN接收到会话建立请求消息之后触发上报星座信息的情况下，PCF还可以向AF发送星座信息。Optionally, when the RAN triggers to report the constellation information after receiving the session establishment request message, the PCF may also send the constellation information to the AF.
应理解，在PCF和/或AF接收到星座信息的情况下，可以根据星座信息确定是否发送用于请求确定所述卫星回传链路时延变化的请求消息，具体流程可以参考上述图4中步骤S423的描述，这里不再赘述。It should be understood that, in the case that the PCF and/or AF receive the constellation information, it can be determined according to the constellation information whether to send a request message for requesting to determine the delay change of the satellite backhaul link, and the specific process can refer to the above-mentioned Figure 4 The description of step S423 will not be repeated here.
需要说明的是，会话建立流程还包括其他的步骤，在图6中未示出，可以参考目前会话建立的流程的描述，这里不再赘述。It should be noted that the session establishment process also includes other steps, which are not shown in FIG. 6 , and reference can be made to the description of the current session establishment process, which will not be repeated here.
例如，还包括SMF从UDM获取终端设备的签约数据并订阅签约数据、SMF选择UPF，发送N4会话建立请求等。其中，SMF从UDM获取终端设备的签约数据是为了后续建立合适该终端设备的会话，订阅是为了在数据更新是即使获取到更新后的数据。For example, it also includes that the SMF acquires the subscription data of the terminal equipment from the UDM and subscribes to the subscription data, the SMF selects the UPF, and sends the N4 session establishment request, etc. Wherein, the SMF obtains the subscription data of the terminal device from the UDM to subsequently establish a session suitable for the terminal device, and subscribes to obtain updated data even when the data is updated.
上面结合图5和图6介绍了RAN确定需要估算回传链路的时延的流程，下面结合图7和图8介绍AMF确定需要估算卫星回传链路的时延的流程。其中，图7为AMF基于订阅流程确定需要估算卫星回传链路的时延的流程；图7为AMF基于会话建立流程确定需要估算卫星回传链路的时延的流程。The above describes the process of RAN determining that the time delay of the backhaul link needs to be estimated in conjunction with Figure 5 and Figure 6 , and the following describes the process of AMF determining that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link needs to be estimated in conjunction with Figure 7 and Figure 8 . Among them, FIG. 7 is a process for AMF to determine the need to estimate the delay of the satellite backhaul link based on the subscription process; FIG. 7 is a process for the AMF to determine the need to estimate the delay of the satellite backhaul link based on the session establishment process.
图7是本申请实施例提供的又一种通信方法的示意性流程图。该通信方法应用于接入网设备通过卫星回传链路与核心网设备通信的***中(如，图2所示的通信***)。FIG. 7 is a schematic flowchart of another communication method provided by an embodiment of the present application. The communication method is applied to a system in which an access network device communicates with a core network device through a satellite backhaul link (for example, the communication system shown in FIG. 2 ).
为了便于理解，图7所示的实施例中以第一设备为AMF或SMF，第二设备为PCF和/或AF，会话管理流程为会话建立流程为例进行说明。For ease of understanding, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 7 , the first device is an AMF or SMF, the second device is a PCF and/or AF, and the session management process is a session establishment process as an example for description.
需要说明的是，本申请中对于网络设备的名称不做任何的限定。It should be noted that there is no limitation on the name of the network device in this application.
例如，第一设备为接入和移动性管理功能网元。接入和移动性管理功能网元可以是AMF，或者能够实现接入和移动性管理功能的其他网元。For example, the first device is an access and mobility management functional network element. The access and mobility management functional network element may be an AMF, or other network elements capable of implementing access and mobility management functions.
还例如，第一设备为会话管理功能网元。会话管理功能网元可以是SMF，或者能够实现会话管理功能的其他网元。 For another example, the first device is a network element with a session management function. The network element with the session management function may be an SMF, or other network elements capable of implementing the session management function.
以下结合各步骤，详细介绍该通信方法。图7包括以下步骤：The communication method will be described in detail below in conjunction with each step. Figure 7 includes the following steps:
S711，UE建立PDU会话。S711, the UE establishes a PDU session.
参考上述S511的描述，这里不再赘述。Refer to the description of S511 above, and details are not repeated here.
在PDU会话建立完成之后，图7所示的方法流程还包括：After the PDU session is established, the method flow shown in Figure 7 also includes:
S710，第一设备接收来自第二设备的请求消息，或者说第二设备向第一设备发送请求消息。S710, the first device receives the request message from the second device, or the second device sends the request message to the first device.
该请求消息用于请求确定所述卫星回传链路时延变化。The request message is used to request to determine the variation of the satellite backhaul link delay.
需要说明的是，在会话管理流程中上报星座信息的情况下，第二设备还可以根据星座信息判断是否发送所述请求消息，参考图4中步骤S423的描述，这里不再赘述。It should be noted that, in the case of reporting constellation information in the session management process, the second device may also determine whether to send the request message according to the constellation information. Refer to the description of step S423 in FIG. 4 , which will not be repeated here.
示例性地，该请求消息可以理解为订阅消息，该订阅消息用于订阅卫星回传链路的时延变化，也就是说在卫星回传链路的延时发生变化的情况下，第二设备希望收到通知消息，通知该卫星回传链路的时延发生变化，可选地通知消息中还包括变化后的卫星回传链路的延时，以便于第二设备能够基于卫星回传链路的延时确定执行策略。Exemplarily, the request message can be understood as a subscription message, and the subscription message is used to subscribe to the delay change of the satellite backhaul link, that is to say, when the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes, the second device It is hoped to receive a notification message to notify that the delay of the satellite backhaul link has changed. Optionally, the notification message also includes the changed delay of the satellite backhaul link, so that the second device can The delay of the road determines the execution strategy.
作为一种可能的实现方式，第二设备为AF网元，第一设备为AMF，第二设备向第一设备发送请求消息具体包括以下两种方式：As a possible implementation, the second device is an AF network element, the first device is an AMF, and the second device sends a request message to the first device specifically including the following two methods:
方式一：method one:
AF依次通过NEF、PCF、SMF向AMF发送请求消息。The AF sends a request message to the AMF through the NEF, the PCF, and the SMF in turn.
例如，AF向NEF发送用于请求确定所述卫星回传链路时延变化的请求消息；NEF接收到该请求消息之后，向PCF发送用于请求确定所述卫星回传链路时延变化的请求消息；PCF接收到请求消息之后，向SMF发送用于请求确定所述卫星回传链路时延变化的请求消息(如，策略控制请求触发器(policy control request trigger，PCRT))；SMF接收到请求消息之后，向AMF发送用于请求确定所述卫星回传链路时延变化的请求消息。For example, the AF sends a request message to the NEF for requesting to determine the change in the satellite backhaul link delay; after receiving the request message, the NEF sends a request message to the PCF for requesting to determine the change in the satellite backhaul link delay. Request message; After receiving the request message, the PCF sends to the SMF a request message (such as, a policy control request trigger (Policy control request trigger, PCRT)) for requesting to determine the change in delay of the satellite backhaul link; the SMF receives After receiving the request message, send a request message to the AMF for requesting to determine the delay change of the satellite backhaul link.
方式二：Method 2:
AF依次通过NEF、UDM向AMF发送请求消息。The AF sends request messages to the AMF through the NEF and the UDM in turn.
例如，AF向NEF发送用于请求确定所述卫星回传链路时延变化的请求消息；NEF接收到该请求消息之后，向UDM发送用于请求确定所述卫星回传链路时延变化的请求消息；UDM接收到请求消息之后，向AMF发送用于请求确定所述卫星回传链路时延变化的请求消息。For example, the AF sends to the NEF a request message for requesting to determine the change in the delay of the satellite backhaul link; after receiving the request message, the NEF sends a request message to the UDM for requesting to determine the change in the delay of the satellite backhaul link. A request message; after receiving the request message, the UDM sends a request message to the AMF for requesting to determine the delay change of the satellite backhaul link.
应理解，上述只是举例说明AF向AMF发送请求消息的路径，对本申请的保护范围不构成任何的限定，其他能够将请求消息传输到AMF的方式也在本申请的保护范围之内，这里不再赘述。It should be understood that the above is just an example of the path through which the AF sends the request message to the AMF, and does not constitute any limitation to the protection scope of this application. repeat.
作为另一种可能的实现方式，第二设备为PCF网元，第一设备为AMF，第二设备向第一设备发送请求消息具体包括：PCF依次通过SMF向AMF发送请求消息。As another possible implementation manner, the second device is a PCF network element, the first device is an AMF, and sending the request message from the second device to the first device specifically includes: the PCF sends the request message to the AMF through the SMF in turn.
例如，PCF向SMF发送用于请求确定所述卫星回传链路时延变化的请求消息(如，策略控制请求触发器(policy control request trigger，PCRT))；SMF接收到请求消息之后，向AMF发送用于请求确定所述卫星回传链路时延变化的请求消息。For example, the PCF sends to the SMF a request message (such as a policy control request trigger (PCRT)) for requesting to determine the delay change of the satellite backhaul link; after receiving the request message, the SMF sends a request message to the AMF Sending a request message for requesting to determine the change of the delay of the satellite backhaul link.
应理解，上述只是举例说明PCF向AMF发送请求消息的路径，对本申请的保护范围不构成任何的限定，其他能够将请求消息传输到AMF的方式也在本申请的保护范围之内，这里不再赘述。 It should be understood that the above is just an example of the path for PCF to send a request message to AMF, and does not constitute any limitation on the protection scope of this application. Other ways that can transmit the request message to AMF are also within the protection scope of this application, and will not repeat.
作为一种可能的实现方式，第二设备为AF网元，第一设备为SMF，第二设备向第一设备发送请求消息具体包括：As a possible implementation, the second device is an AF network element, the first device is an SMF, and the request message sent by the second device to the first device specifically includes:
AF依次通过NEF、PCF向SMF。AF passes through NEF and PCF to SMF in turn.
例如，AF向NEF发送用于请求确定所述卫星回传链路时延变化的请求消息；NEF接收到该请求消息之后，向PCF发送用于请求确定所述卫星回传链路时延变化的请求消息；PCF接收到请求消息之后，向SMF发送用于请求确定所述卫星回传链路时延变化的请求消息(如，策略控制请求触发器(policy control request trigger，PCRT))。For example, the AF sends a request message to the NEF for requesting to determine the change in the satellite backhaul link delay; after receiving the request message, the NEF sends a request message to the PCF for requesting to determine the change in the satellite backhaul link delay. Request message: After receiving the request message, the PCF sends to the SMF a request message (such as a policy control request trigger (PCRT)) for requesting to determine the delay change of the satellite backhaul link.
应理解，上述只是举例说明AF向SMF发送请求消息的路径，对本申请的保护范围不构成任何的限定，其他能够将请求消息传输到AMF的方式也在本申请的保护范围之内，这里不再赘述。It should be understood that the above is just an example of the path through which the AF sends the request message to the SMF, and does not constitute any limitation on the protection scope of this application. Other methods that can transmit the request message to the AMF are also within the protection scope of this application, and will not be repeated here. repeat.
作为另一种可能的实现方式，第二设备为PCF网元，第一设备为SMF，第二设备向第一设备发送请求消息具体包括：As another possible implementation, the second device is a PCF network element, the first device is an SMF, and the request message sent by the second device to the first device specifically includes:
例如，PCF向SMF发送用于请求确定所述卫星回传链路时延变化的请求消息(如，策略控制请求触发器(policy control request trigger，PCRT))。For example, the PCF sends a request message (for example, a policy control request trigger (Policy control request trigger, PCRT)) for requesting to determine the delay change of the satellite backhaul link to the SMF.
应理解，上述只是举例说明PCF向SMF发送请求消息的路径，对本申请的保护范围不构成任何的限定，其他能够将请求消息传输到AMF的方式也在本申请的保护范围之内，这里不再赘述。It should be understood that the above is just an example of the path through which the PCF sends the request message to the SMF, and does not constitute any limitation to the protection scope of this application. repeat.
进一步地，第一设备接收到上述的请求消息之后，根据请求消息确定第二设备需要获取卫星回传链路的时延是否发生变化。Further, after the first device receives the above request message, it determines according to the request message whether the time delay for the second device to acquire the satellite backhaul link changes.
可选地，在卫星回传链路的时延发生变化的情况下，第一设备可以通过通知消息上报到第二设备卫星回传链路时延发生变化，图7所示的方法流程还包括：Optionally, when the time delay of the satellite backhaul link changes, the first device may report to the second device that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link changes through a notification message, and the method flow shown in FIG. 7 also includes :
S712，第一设备确定卫星回传链路时延发生变化。S712. The first device determines that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link changes.
参考上述的步骤S410的描述，这里不再赘述。Refer to the description of the above step S410, which will not be repeated here.
S713，第一设备向第二设备发送通知消息，或者说第二设备接收来自第一设备的通知消息。S713. The first device sends a notification message to the second device, or the second device receives the notification message from the first device.
该通知消息用于通知所述卫星回传链路时延发生变化。参考上述的步骤S420。The notification message is used to notify the satellite that the time delay of the backhaul link changes. Refer to the above step S420.
可选地，在卫星回传链路的时延发生变化的情况下，进一步地还可以获取变化后的回传链路的延时大小，图7所示的方法流程还包括：Optionally, when the time delay of the satellite backhaul link changes, the changed time delay of the backhaul link may further be obtained, and the method flow shown in FIG. 7 also includes:
S720，第一设备确定是否需要估算卫星回传链路的时延。S720. The first device determines whether it is necessary to estimate the time delay of the satellite backhaul link.
需要说明的是，该实施例中主要考虑第一设备确定需要估算卫星回传链路的时延的情况。It should be noted that this embodiment mainly considers the case where the first device determines that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link needs to be estimated.
例如，第一设备基于卫星运控信息，确定需要进行卫星回传延时的估算(或者说计算、测量)。For example, based on the satellite operation and control information, the first device determines that it is necessary to estimate (or calculate, measure) the satellite return delay.
在AMF确定需要测量卫星回传链路的时延的情况下，图7所示的方法流程还包括：In the case where the AMF determines that it is necessary to measure the delay of the satellite backhaul link, the method flow shown in Figure 7 also includes:
S730，第一设备估算卫星回传链路的时延。S730. The first device estimates the time delay of the satellite backhaul link.
参考上述S430的描述，这里不再赘述。Refer to the description of S430 above, and details are not repeated here.
进一步地，第一设备估算得到卫星回传链路的时延之后可以将该卫星回传链路的时延上报给第二设备，图7所示的方法流程还包括：Further, after the first device estimates the time delay of the satellite backhaul link, it may report the time delay of the satellite backhaul link to the second device, and the method flow shown in FIG. 7 also includes:
S740，第一设备向第二设备发送卫星回传链路的时延，或者说第二设备接收来自第一 设备的卫星回传链路的时延。S740, the first device sends the time delay of the satellite backhaul link to the second device, or the second device receives The delay of the satellite backhaul link of the device.
例如，上述步骤S712中的通知消息中还包括卫星回传链路的时延。具体地，参考上述S552的描述，这里不再赘述。For example, the notification message in the above step S712 also includes the time delay of the satellite backhaul link. Specifically, refer to the description of S552 above, and details are not repeated here.
具体地，第二设备接收到卫星回传链路的时延之后，可以基于卫星回传链路的时延确定执行策略，图7所示的方法流程还包括：Specifically, after receiving the time delay of the satellite backhaul link, the second device may determine an execution strategy based on the time delay of the satellite backhaul link. The method flow shown in FIG. 7 also includes:
S750，第二设备确定执行策略。S750. The second device determines an execution policy.
参考上述的S440的描述，这里不再赘述。Refer to the above description of S440, which will not be repeated here.
图8是本申请实施例提供的又一种通信方法的示意性流程图。该通信方法应用于接入网设备通过卫星回传链路与核心网设备通信的***中(如，图2所示的通信***)。FIG. 8 is a schematic flowchart of another communication method provided by an embodiment of the present application. The communication method is applied to a system in which an access network device communicates with a core network device through a satellite backhaul link (for example, the communication system shown in FIG. 2 ).
为了便于理解，图8所示的实施例中以第一网元为AMF或SMF，第二设备为PCF和/或AF，会话管理流程为会话建立流程为例进行说明。For ease of understanding, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 8 , the first network element is an AMF or SMF, the second device is a PCF and/or AF, and the session management process is a session establishment process as an example for description.
以下结合各步骤，详细介绍该通信方法。图8包括以下步骤：The communication method will be described in detail below in conjunction with each step. Figure 8 includes the following steps:
S810，UE向RAN发送会话建立请求消息，或者说RAN接收来自UE的会话建立请求消息。S810, the UE sends a session establishment request message to the RAN, or the RAN receives the session establishment request message from the UE.
具体地，该会话建立请求消息用于请求建立PDU会话。Specifically, the session establishment request message is used to request establishment of a PDU session.
应理解，本申请对于会话建立请求消息中包括的信元不做限定，可以参考目前PDU会话建立流程中对于会话建立请求消息的描述，这里不再赘述。It should be understood that this application does not limit the information elements included in the session establishment request message, and reference may be made to the description of the session establishment request message in the current PDU session establishment process, which will not be repeated here.
S820，RAN向AMF发送会话建立请求消息，或者说AMF接收来自RAN的会话建立请求消息。S820, the RAN sends a session establishment request message to the AMF, or the AMF receives the session establishment request message from the RAN.
与目前的会话建立流程不同的是，该实施例中，AMF接收到会话建立请求消息之后能够触发上报星座信息。Different from the current session establishment process, in this embodiment, the AMF can trigger reporting of constellation information after receiving the session establishment request message.
可选地，还可以确定是否估算卫星回传链路的延时，图8所示的方法流程还可以包括：Optionally, it may also be determined whether to estimate the delay of the satellite backhaul link, and the method flow shown in FIG. 8 may also include:
S830，AMF确定是否需要估算卫星回传链路的时延。S830, the AMF determines whether it is necessary to estimate the time delay of the satellite backhaul link.
参考上述S720的描述，这里不再赘述。Refer to the description of S720 above, and details are not repeated here.
在AMF确定需要测量卫星回传链路的时延的情况下，图8所示的方法流程还包括：In the case where the AMF determines that it is necessary to measure the delay of the satellite backhaul link, the method flow shown in Figure 8 also includes:
S840，AMF估算卫星回传链路的时延。S840, the AMF estimates the time delay of the satellite backhaul link.
参考上述S430的描述，这里不再赘述。Refer to the description of S430 above, and details are not repeated here.
进一步地，AMF估算得到卫星回传链路的时延之后可以将该卫星回传链路的时延上报给第二设备，图8所示的方法流程还包括：Further, after the time delay of the satellite backhaul link is estimated by the AMF, the time delay of the satellite backhaul link can be reported to the second device. The method flow shown in FIG. 8 also includes:
S850，AMF向SMF发送PDU会话管理上下文创建请求消息，或者说SMF接收来自AMF的PDU会话管理上下文创建请求消息。S850. The AMF sends a PDU session management context creation request message to the SMF, or the SMF receives the PDU session management context creation request message from the AMF.
该PDU会话管理上下文创建请求消息中包括卫星回传链路的时延。The PDU session management context creation request message includes the time delay of the satellite backhaul link.
可选地，AMF接收到会话建立请求消息之后触发上报星座信息的情况下，该PDU会话管理上下文创建请求消息中还包括星座信息。Optionally, when the AMF triggers to report the constellation information after receiving the session establishment request message, the PDU session management context creation request message also includes the constellation information.
或者，AMF未估算卫星回传链路的时延的情况下，图8所示的方法流程还包括：Alternatively, in the case where the AMF does not estimate the time delay of the satellite backhaul link, the method flow shown in Figure 8 also includes:
S831，SMF估算卫星回传链路的时延。S831. The SMF estimates the time delay of the satellite backhaul link.
参考上述S430的描述，这里不再赘述。Refer to the description of S430 above, and details are not repeated here.
S860，SMF向PCF发送会话策略控制创建或更新消息，或者说PCF接收来自SMF的会话策略控制创建或更新消息。 S860, the SMF sends a session policy control creation or update message to the PCF, or the PCF receives the session policy control creation or update message from the SMF.
该会话策略控制创建或更新消息包括卫星回传链路的时延。The session policy controls the latency of creating or updating messages including satellite backhaul links.
可选地，AMF接收到会话建立请求消息之后触发上报星座信息的情况下，该会话策略控制创建或更新消息中还包括星座信息。Optionally, when the AMF triggers to report the constellation information after receiving the session establishment request message, the session policy control creation or update message also includes the constellation information.
示例性地，PCF发现回传链路的延时过大而无法满足会话的QoS要求时发起会话释放。Exemplarily, the PCF initiates session release when it finds that the delay of the backhaul link is too large to meet the QoS requirement of the session.
可选地，图8所示的方法流程还包括：Optionally, the method flow shown in Figure 8 also includes:
S870，PCF向AF发送卫星回传链路的时延，或者说AF接收来自PCF的卫星回传链路的时延。S870, the PCF sends the time delay of the satellite backhaul link to the AF, or the AF receives the time delay of the satellite backhaul link from the PCF.
示例性地，AF基于该回传链路的延时进行应用层的编码或传输层算法的调整，比如在延时较大时进行编码补偿，以保证用户体验。Exemplarily, AF performs application layer coding or transport layer algorithm adjustment based on the delay of the backhaul link, such as performing coding compensation when the delay is relatively large, so as to ensure user experience.
作为一种可能的实现方式，PCF通过NEF向AF发送卫星回传链路的时延。As a possible implementation, the PCF sends the time delay of the satellite backhaul link to the AF through the NEF.
可选地，AMF接收到会话建立请求消息之后触发上报星座信息的情况下，PCF还可以向AF发送星座信息。Optionally, when the AMF triggers to report the constellation information after receiving the session establishment request message, the PCF may also send the constellation information to the AF.
应理解，在PCF和/或AF接收到星座信息的情况下，可以根据星座信息确定是否发送用于请求确定所述卫星回传链路时延变化的请求消息，具体流程可以参考上述图4中步骤S423的描述，这里不再赘述。It should be understood that, in the case that the PCF and/or AF receive the constellation information, it can be determined according to the constellation information whether to send a request message for requesting to determine the delay change of the satellite backhaul link, and the specific process can refer to the above-mentioned Figure 4 The description of step S423 will not be repeated here.
需要说明的是，会话建立流程还包括其他的步骤，在图8中未示出，可以参考目前会话建立的流程的描述，这里不再赘述。It should be noted that the session establishment process also includes other steps, which are not shown in FIG. 8 , and reference can be made to the description of the current session establishment process, which will not be repeated here.
例如，还包括SMF从UDM获取签约数据并订阅、SMF选择UPF，发送N4会话建立请求等。For example, it also includes that the SMF obtains and subscribes to the subscription data from the UDM, the SMF selects the UPF, and sends the N4 session establishment request, etc.
应理解，图6和图8所示的方法流程，在PDU会话建立过程中估算和上报卫星回传链路的延时可以理解为确定卫星回传链路的初始延时，而该初始延时可能会发生变化(如，链路本身发生变化)。作为一种可能的实现方式，卫星回传延时可能在建立PDU会话后发生变化，图5和图7所示的方法流程，在PDU会话建立后订阅卫星回传链路的延时的变化，以便持续获取卫星回传链路的延时。It should be understood that, in the method flow shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. 8 , estimating and reporting the delay of the satellite backhaul link during the establishment of the PDU session can be understood as determining the initial delay of the satellite backhaul link, and the initial delay Subject to change (eg, changes to the link itself). As a possible implementation, the satellite return delay may change after the PDU session is established. The method flow shown in Figure 5 and Figure 7 is to subscribe to the delay change of the satellite return link after the PDU session is established. In order to continuously obtain the delay of the satellite backhaul link.
应理解，上述各过程的序号的大小并不意味着执行顺序的先后，各过程的执行顺序应以其功能和内在逻辑确定，而不应对本申请实施例的实施过程构成任何限定。It should be understood that the sequence numbers of the above processes do not mean the order of execution, and the execution order of each process should be determined by its functions and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiment of the present application.
还应理解，在本申请的各个实施例中，如果没有特殊说明以及逻辑冲突，不同的实施例之间的术语和/或描述具有一致性、且可以相互引用，不同的实施例中的技术特征根据其内在的逻辑关系可以组合形成新的实施例。It should also be understood that in each embodiment of the present application, if there is no special explanation and logical conflict, the terms and/or descriptions between different embodiments are consistent and can be referred to each other, and the technical features in different embodiments New embodiments can be formed by combining them according to their inherent logical relationships.
例如，图5所示的实施例和图6所示的实施例可以结合，即既在会话建立过程中上报一个时延，也在会话建立后订阅过程中上报一个时延。或者，图7所示的实施例和图8所示的实施例可以结合，即既在会话建立过程中上报一个时延，也在会话建立后订阅过程中上报一个时延。还应理解，在上述一些实施例中，主要以现有的网络架构中的设备为例进行了示例性说明(如网络设备、终端设备等等)，应理解，对于设备的具体形式本申请实施例不作限定。例如，在未来可以实现同样功能的设备都适用于本申请实施例。For example, the embodiment shown in FIG. 5 and the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 can be combined, that is, a delay is reported during the session establishment process, and a delay is also reported during the subscription process after the session is established. Alternatively, the embodiment shown in FIG. 7 and the embodiment shown in FIG. 8 may be combined, that is, a time delay is reported during the session establishment process, and a time delay is also reported during the subscription process after the session establishment. It should also be understood that in some of the above embodiments, the equipment in the existing network architecture is used as an example for illustration (such as network equipment, terminal equipment, etc.). Examples are not limited. For example, devices that can implement the same function in the future are applicable to this embodiment of the application.
可以理解的是，上述各个方法实施例中，由设备(如上述第一设备、第二设备等)实现的方法和操作，也可以由设备的部件(例如芯片或者电路)实现。It can be understood that, in the above method embodiments, the methods and operations implemented by devices (such as the first device, the second device, etc.) may also be implemented by components of the devices (such as chips or circuits).
以上，结合图4至图8详细说明了本申请实施例提供的通信方法。上述通信方法主要 从各个网元之间交互的角度进行了介绍。可以理解的是，各个网元，为了实现上述功能，其包含了执行各个功能相应的硬件结构和/或软件模块。Above, the communication method provided by the embodiment of the present application is described in detail with reference to FIG. 4 to FIG. 8 . The above communication methods mainly It is introduced from the perspective of the interaction between various network elements. It can be understood that, in order to realize the above functions, each network element includes a corresponding hardware structure and/or software module for performing each function.
本领域技术人员应该可以意识到，结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的单元及算法步骤，本申请能够以硬件或硬件和计算机软件的结合形式来实现。某个功能究竟以硬件还是计算机软件驱动硬件的方式来执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本申请的范围。Those skilled in the art should be aware that, in combination with the units and algorithm steps of the examples described in the embodiments disclosed herein, the present application can be implemented in the form of hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software. Whether a certain function is executed by hardware or computer software drives hardware depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Skilled artisans may use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be regarded as exceeding the scope of the present application.
以下，结合图9和图10详细说明本申请实施例提供的通信装置。应理解，装置实施例的描述与方法实施例的描述相互对应，因此，未详细描述的内容可以参见上文方法实施例，为了简洁，部分内容不再赘述。Hereinafter, the communication device provided by the embodiment of the present application will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 . It should be understood that the descriptions of the device embodiments correspond to the descriptions of the method embodiments. Therefore, for content that is not described in detail, reference may be made to the method embodiments above. For brevity, some content will not be repeated here.
本申请实施例可以根据上述方法示例对发射端设备或者接收端设备进行功能模块的划分，例如，可以对应各个功能划分各个功能模块，也可以将两个或两个以上的功能集成在一个处理模块中。上述集成的模块既可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用软件功能模块的形式实现。需要说明的是，本申请实施例中对模块的划分是示意性的，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式。下面以采用对应各个功能划分各个功能模块为例进行说明。The embodiment of the present application can divide the functional modules of the transmitting end device or the receiving end device according to the above method example, for example, each functional module can be divided corresponding to each function, or two or more functions can be integrated into one processing module middle. The above-mentioned integrated modules can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software function modules. It should be noted that the division of modules in the embodiment of the present application is schematic, and is only a logical function division, and there may be other division methods in actual implementation. In the following, description will be made by taking the division of each functional module corresponding to each function as an example.
图9是本申请实施例提供的装置900的示意性框图。该装置900包括收发单元910和处理单元920。收发单元910可以实现相应的通信功能，处理单元920用于进行数据处理。收发单元910还可以称为通信接口或通信单元，收发单元910实现获取信息功能的情况下，还可以称为获取单元。FIG. 9 is a schematic block diagram of an apparatus 900 provided by an embodiment of the present application. The device 900 includes a transceiver unit 910 and a processing unit 920 . The transceiver unit 910 can implement a corresponding communication function, and the processing unit 920 is used for data processing. The transceiver unit 910 may also be called a communication interface or a communication unit, and when the transceiver unit 910 realizes the function of acquiring information, it may also be called an acquisition unit.
可选地，该装置900还可以包括存储单元，该存储单元可以用于存储指令和/或数据，处理单元920可以读取存储单元中的指令和/或数据，以使得装置实现前述方法实施例。Optionally, the device 900 may further include a storage unit, which may be used to store instructions and/or data, and the processing unit 920 may read the instructions and/or data in the storage unit, so that the device implements the aforementioned method embodiments .
该装置900可以用于执行上文方法实施例中设备(如上述各个核心网网元、接入网设备、终端设备等)所执行的动作，这时，该装置900可以为设备或者可配置于设备的部件，收发单元910用于执行上文方法实施例中设备的收发相关的操作，处理单元920用于执行上文方法实施例中设备处理相关的操作。The apparatus 900 can be used to execute the actions performed by the devices in the above method embodiments (such as the above-mentioned core network elements, access network equipment, terminal equipment, etc.), at this time, the apparatus 900 can be a device or can be configured in The components of the device, the transceiving unit 910 is used to perform operations related to the sending and receiving of the device in the above method embodiments, and the processing unit 920 is used to perform operations related to device processing in the above method embodiments.
作为一种设计，该装置900用于执行上文方法实施例中第一设备(接入网设备、移动性管理网元或者会话管理网元)所执行的动作。As a design, the apparatus 900 is configured to execute actions performed by the first device (access network device, mobility management network element, or session management network element) in the above method embodiments.
处理单元920，用于根据卫星运控信息确定该卫星回传链路时延发生变化；The processing unit 920 is configured to determine that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link has changed according to the satellite operation and control information;
收发单元910，用于向第二设备发送通知消息，该通知消息用于通知该卫星回传链路时延发生变化，该卫星运控信息包括：不同时刻该卫星的覆盖位置、星座拓扑结构和该卫星的星历信息、该卫星回传链路时延发生变化的时刻指示信息中的至少一项，其中，该第一设备包括该接入网设备、移动性管理网元或者会话管理网元，该第二设备包括策略控制网元或应用功能网元。The transceiver unit 910 is configured to send a notification message to the second device, the notification message is used to notify the satellite that the backhaul link delay has changed, and the satellite operation and control information includes: the coverage position of the satellite at different times, the constellation topology and At least one of the ephemeris information of the satellite and the indication information of the time when the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes, wherein the first device includes the access network device, mobility management network element or session management network element , the second device includes a policy control network element or an application function network element.
可选地，处理单元920根据卫星运控信息确定卫星回传链路时延发生变化，包括：在处理单元920确定该卫星回传链路对应的星座类型包括低轨道卫星LEO极地轨道星座或中轨道卫星MEO极地轨道星座的情况下，处理单元920根据卫星运控信息确定卫星回传链路时延发生变化。Optionally, the processing unit 920 determines that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link changes according to the satellite operation and control information, including: determining at the processing unit 920 that the constellation type corresponding to the satellite backhaul link includes a low-orbit satellite LEO polar orbit constellation or a medium-orbit constellation. In the case of an orbiting satellite MEO polar orbit constellation, the processing unit 920 determines that the time delay of the satellite return link changes according to the satellite operation and control information.
可选地，收发单元910还用于接收来自该第二设备的请求消息，该请求消息用于请求 确定该卫星回传链路时延变化。Optionally, the transceiver unit 910 is further configured to receive a request message from the second device, where the request message is used to request Determine the delay variation of the satellite backhaul link.
可选地，收发单元910还用于向该第二设备发送星座信息，该星座信息用于该第二设备确定是否发送该请求消息，其中，该星座信息中包括用于指示该卫星回传链路对应的星座类型的信息，该卫星回传链路对应的星座类型包括以下至少一种星座：低轨道卫星LEO极地轨道星座、中轨道卫星MEO极地轨道星座、LEO倾斜轨道星座、或MEO倾斜轨道星座。Optionally, the transceiver unit 910 is further configured to send constellation information to the second device, where the constellation information is used by the second device to determine whether to send the request message, wherein the constellation information includes The information of the constellation type corresponding to the channel, the constellation type corresponding to the satellite return link includes at least one of the following constellations: low-orbit satellite LEO polar orbit constellation, medium-orbit satellite MEO polar orbit constellation, LEO inclined orbit constellation, or MEO inclined orbit constellation.
可选地，该处理单元920，还用于根据该卫星运控信息估算该卫星回传链路延，该通知消息中包括该卫星回传链路时延，该卫星回传链路时延包括接收到会话管理请求时的时延，和/或，该卫星回传链路时延发生变化时的时延。Optionally, the processing unit 920 is further configured to estimate the satellite return link delay according to the satellite operation and control information, the notification message includes the satellite return link delay, and the satellite return link delay includes The time delay when the session management request is received, and/or the time delay when the time delay of the satellite backhaul link changes.
可选地，该处理单元920根据卫星运控信息确定该卫星回传链路时延发生变化，包括：处理单元920根据卫星运控信息确定该卫星回传链路的转发路径发生变化、反向缝离境、反向缝过境中的至少一项；该通知消息中包括指示该转发路径发生变化的信息、指示该反向缝离境的信息、指示该反向缝过境的信息、指示该反向缝离境持续时间的信息、或指示该反向缝过境持续时间的信息中的至少一项。Optionally, the processing unit 920 determines that the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes according to the satellite operation and control information, including: the processing unit 920 determines that the forwarding path of the satellite backhaul link changes according to the satellite operation and control information. At least one of seam departure and reverse seam transit; the notification message includes information indicating that the forwarding path has changed, information indicating that the reverse seam departs, information indicating that the reverse seam transits, indicating that the reverse seam At least one of the information on the duration of the departure of the forward seam, or the information indicating the duration of the crossing of the reverse seam.
可选地，处理单元920根据卫星运控信息确定该卫星回传链路时延发生变化，包括：处理单元920根据卫星运控信息确定该卫星回传链路时延发生变化的时刻；处理单元920根据该时刻确定定时器的时长；收发单元910发送通知消息，包括：在该定时器超时时，收发单元910发送通知消息。Optionally, the processing unit 920 determines that the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes according to the satellite operation and control information, including: the processing unit 920 determines the moment when the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes according to the satellite operation and control information; 920 determines the duration of the timer according to the moment; the sending and receiving unit 910 sends a notification message, including: when the timer expires, the sending and receiving unit 910 sends a notification message.
可选地，处理单元920根据卫星运控信息确定该卫星回传链路时延发生变化，包括：处理单元920根据该接入网设备和该核心网设备之间的卫星运控信息确定该卫星回传链路时延发生变化。Optionally, the processing unit 920 determines that the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes according to the satellite operation and control information, including: the processing unit 920 determines that the satellite backhaul link delay is changed according to the satellite operation and control information between the access network device and the core network device. The backhaul link delay changes.
该装置900可实现对应于根据本申请实施例的方法实施例中的第一设备执行的步骤或者流程，该装置900可以包括用于执行方法实施例中的第一设备执行的方法的单元。并且，该装置900中的各单元和上述其他操作和/或功能分别为了实现方法实施例中的第一设备中的方法实施例的相应流程。The apparatus 900 may implement the steps or processes corresponding to the execution of the first device in the method embodiment according to the embodiment of the present application, and the apparatus 900 may include a unit for executing the method executed by the first device in the method embodiment. Moreover, each unit in the apparatus 900 and other operations and/or functions described above are respectively for realizing the corresponding process of the method embodiment in the first device in the method embodiment.
其中，当该装置900用于执行图4中的方法时，收发单元910可用于执行方法中的收发步骤，如步骤S410、S424、S422、S421和S420；处理单元920可用于执行方法中的处理步骤，如步骤S410和S425。Wherein, when the apparatus 900 is used to execute the method in FIG. 4 , the transceiver unit 910 can be used to execute the transceiver steps in the method, such as steps S410, S424, S422, S421 and S420; the processing unit 920 can be used to execute the processing in the method Steps, such as steps S410 and S425.
当该装置900用于执行图5中的方法时，收发单元910可用于执行方法中的收发步骤，如步骤S510、S530和S532；处理单元920可用于执行方法中的处理步骤，如步骤S520和S531。When the device 900 is used to execute the method in FIG. 5, the transceiver unit 910 can be used to execute the transceiver steps in the method, such as steps S510, S530 and S532; the processing unit 920 can be used to execute the processing steps in the method, such as steps S520 and S531.
当该装置900用于执行图6中的方法时，收发单元910可用于执行方法中的收发步骤，如步骤S610、S640和S631；处理单元920可用于执行方法中的处理步骤，如步骤S620和S630。When the device 900 is used to execute the method in FIG. 6, the transceiver unit 910 can be used to execute the transceiver steps in the method, such as steps S610, S640 and S631; the processing unit 920 can be used to execute the processing steps in the method, such as steps S620 and S630.
当该装置900用于执行图7中的方法时，收发单元910可用于执行方法中的收发步骤，如步骤S710和S740；处理单元920可用于执行方法中的处理步骤，如步骤S720和S730。When the device 900 is used to execute the method in FIG. 7 , the transceiving unit 910 can be used to perform the transceiving steps in the method, such as steps S710 and S740; the processing unit 920 can be used to perform the processing steps in the method, such as steps S720 and S730.
当该装置900用于执行图8中的方法时，收发单元910可用于执行方法中的收发步骤，如步骤S820和S850；处理单元920可用于执行方法中的处理步骤，如步骤S830和S840。When the apparatus 900 is used to execute the method in FIG. 8 , the transceiving unit 910 can be used to perform the transceiving steps in the method, such as steps S820 and S850; the processing unit 920 can be used to perform the processing steps in the method, such as steps S830 and S840.
应理解，各单元执行上述相应步骤的具体过程在上述方法实施例中已经详细说明，为 了简洁，在此不再赘述。It should be understood that the specific process for each unit to perform the above corresponding steps has been described in detail in the above method embodiments, for For the sake of brevity, it will not be repeated here.
作为另一种设计，该装置900用于执行上文方法实施例中第二设备所执行的动作。As another design, the apparatus 900 is configured to perform the actions performed by the second device in the above method embodiments.
收发单元910，用于接收来自第一设备的通知消息，该通知消息用于通知该卫星回传链路时延发生变化；处理单元920，用于根据该卫星回传链路时延发生变化确定执行策略，其中，该装置包括策略控制网元、应用功能网元，该第一设备包括该接入网设备、移动性管理网元或者会话管理网元。The transceiver unit 910 is configured to receive a notification message from the first device, the notification message is used to notify the satellite backhaul link that the time delay has changed; the processing unit 920 is used to determine the time delay of the satellite backhaul link according to the change in the time delay of the satellite backhaul link Executing a policy, wherein the device includes a policy control network element and an application function network element, and the first device includes the access network device, a mobility management network element, or a session management network element.
可选地，收发单元910，用于向该第一设备发送请求消息，该请求消息用于请求确定该卫星回传链路时延变化。Optionally, the transceiving unit 910 is configured to send a request message to the first device, where the request message is used to request to determine the delay change of the satellite backhaul link.
可选地，收发单元910，用于接收来自该第一设备的星座信息；处理单元920，用于根据该星座信息确定发送该请求消息。Optionally, the transceiving unit 910 is configured to receive constellation information from the first device; the processing unit 920 is configured to determine to send the request message according to the constellation information.
该装置900可实现对应于根据本申请实施例的方法实施例中的第二设备执行的步骤或者流程，该装置900可以包括用于执行方法实施例中的第二设备执行的方法的单元。并且，该装置900中的各单元和上述其他操作和/或功能分别为了实现方法实施例中的第二设备中的方法实施例的相应流程。The apparatus 900 may implement the steps or procedures corresponding to the second device in the method embodiment according to the embodiment of the present application, and the apparatus 900 may include a unit for executing the method in the method embodiment performed by the second device. Moreover, each unit in the apparatus 900 and other operations and/or functions described above are respectively for realizing the corresponding process of the method embodiment in the second device in the method embodiment.
其中，当该装置900用于执行图4中的方法时，收发单元910可用于执行方法中的收发步骤，如步骤S422、S421和S420；处理单元920可用于执行方法中的处理步骤，如步骤S423和S440。Wherein, when the device 900 is used to execute the method in FIG. 4 , the transceiver unit 910 can be used to execute the transceiver steps in the method, such as steps S422, S421 and S420; the processing unit 920 can be used to execute the processing steps in the method, such as step S423 and S440.
当该装置900用于执行图5中的方法时，收发单元910可用于执行方法中的收发步骤，如步骤S510、S550、S551和S552；处理单元920可用于执行方法中的处理步骤，如步骤S560、S561和S562。When the device 900 is used to execute the method in FIG. 5 , the transceiver unit 910 can be used to execute the transceiver steps in the method, such as steps S510, S550, S551 and S552; the processing unit 920 can be used to execute the processing steps in the method, such as the steps S560, S561 and S562.
当该装置900用于执行图6中的方法时，收发单元910可用于执行方法中的收发步骤，如步骤S660、S670、S661和S671。When the apparatus 900 is used to execute the method in FIG. 6 , the transceiver unit 910 can be used to execute the transceiver steps in the method, such as steps S660 , S670 , S661 and S671 .
当该装置900用于执行图7中的方法时，收发单元910可用于执行方法中的收发步骤，如步骤S710和S740；处理单元920可用于执行方法中的处理步骤，如步骤S750。When the apparatus 900 is used to execute the method in FIG. 7 , the transceiving unit 910 can be used to execute the transceiving steps in the method, such as steps S710 and S740; the processing unit 920 can be used to execute the processing steps in the method, such as step S750.
当该装置900用于执行图8中的方法时，收发单元910可用于执行方法中的收发步骤，如步骤S860和S870。When the apparatus 900 is used to execute the method in FIG. 8 , the transceiver unit 910 can be used to execute the transceiver steps in the method, such as steps S860 and S870.
应理解，各单元执行上述相应步骤的具体过程在上述方法实施例中已经详细说明，为了简洁，在此不再赘述。It should be understood that the specific process for each unit to perform the above corresponding steps has been described in detail in the above method embodiments, and for the sake of brevity, details are not repeated here.
作为又一种设计，该装置900用于执行上文方法实施例中用户面网元所执行的动作。As yet another design, the apparatus 900 is configured to perform the actions performed by the user plane network element in the above method embodiments.
收发单元910，用于接收来自该接入网设备的至少一个时延测量请求；处理单元920，用于根据该至少一个时延测量请求分别确定至少一个时延，其中，该时延测量请求中包括第二指示信息，该第二指示信息用于指示发送该时延测量请求的时刻，该至少一个时延用于确定该卫星回传链路的时延。The transceiver unit 910 is configured to receive at least one delay measurement request from the access network device; the processing unit 920 is configured to respectively determine at least one delay according to the at least one delay measurement request, wherein the delay measurement request includes It includes second indication information, where the second indication information is used to indicate the moment when the delay measurement request is sent, and the at least one delay is used to determine the delay of the satellite backhaul link.
可选地，收发单元910，用于向会话管理网元发送卫星回传链路的时延。Optionally, the transceiver unit 910 is configured to send the time delay of the satellite backhaul link to the session management network element.
该装置900可实现对应于根据本申请实施例的方法实施例中的用户面网元执行的步骤或者流程，该装置900可以包括用于执行方法实施例中的用户面网元执行的方法的单元。并且，该装置900中的各单元和上述其他操作和/或功能分别为了实现方法实施例中的用户面网元中的方法实施例的相应流程。The apparatus 900 can implement the steps or processes corresponding to the execution of the user plane network element in the method embodiment according to the embodiment of the present application, and the apparatus 900 can include a unit for executing the method executed by the user plane network element in the method embodiment . Moreover, each unit in the apparatus 900 and other operations and/or functions mentioned above are respectively for realizing the corresponding procedures of the method embodiment in the user plane network element in the method embodiment.
其中，当该装置900用于执行图5中的方法时，收发单元910可用于执行方法中的收 发步骤，如步骤S530和S550；处理单元920可用于执行方法中的处理步骤，如步骤S540。Wherein, when the apparatus 900 is used to execute the method in FIG. 5 , the transceiver unit 910 can be used to execute the receiving sending steps, such as steps S530 and S550; the processing unit 920 can be used to execute the processing steps in the method, such as step S540.
应理解，各单元执行上述相应步骤的具体过程在上述方法实施例中已经详细说明，为了简洁，在此不再赘述。It should be understood that the specific process for each unit to perform the above corresponding steps has been described in detail in the above method embodiments, and for the sake of brevity, details are not repeated here.
上文实施例中的处理单元920可以由至少一个处理器或处理器相关电路实现。收发单元910可以由收发器或收发器相关电路实现。存储单元可以通过至少一个存储器实现。The processing unit 920 in the above embodiments may be implemented by at least one processor or processor-related circuits. The transceiver unit 910 may be implemented by a transceiver or transceiver-related circuits. The storage unit can be realized by at least one memory.
如图10所示，本申请实施例还提供一种装置1000。该装置1000包括处理器1010，还可以包括一个或多个存储器1020。处理器1010与存储器1020耦合，存储器1020用于存储计算机程序或指令和/或数据，处理器1010用于执行存储器1020存储的计算机程序或指令和/或数据，使得上文方法实施例中的方法被执行。可选地，该装置1000包括的处理器1010为一个或多个。As shown in FIG. 10 , the embodiment of the present application further provides a device 1000 . The apparatus 1000 includes a processor 1010 and may further include one or more memories 1020 . The processor 1010 is coupled with the memory 1020, and the memory 1020 is used to store computer programs or instructions and/or data, and the processor 1010 is used to execute the computer programs or instructions and/or data stored in the memory 1020, so that the methods in the above method embodiments be executed. Optionally, the apparatus 1000 includes one or more processors 1010 .
可选地，该存储器1020可以与该处理器1010集成在一起，或者分离设置。Optionally, the memory 1020 may be integrated with the processor 1010, or set separately.
可选地，如图10所示，该装置1000还可以包括收发器1030，收发器1030用于信号的接收和/或发送。例如，处理器1010用于控制收发器1030进行信号的接收和/或发送。Optionally, as shown in FIG. 10 , the apparatus 1000 may further include a transceiver 1030, and the transceiver 1030 is used for receiving and/or sending signals. For example, the processor 1010 is configured to control the transceiver 1030 to receive and/or send signals.
作为一种方案，该装置1000用于实现上文方法实施例中由设备(如上述各个核心网网元、接入网设备、终端设备等)执行的操作。As a solution, the apparatus 1000 is used to implement operations performed by devices (such as the above-mentioned network elements of the core network, access network devices, terminal devices, etc.) in the above method embodiments.
本申请实施例还提供一种计算机可读存储介质，其上存储有用于实现上述方法实施例中由设备(如上述各个核心网网元、接入网设备、终端设备等)执行的方法的计算机指令。The embodiment of the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which is stored a computer for implementing the method performed by the device (such as each core network element, access network device, terminal device, etc.) in the above method embodiment instruction.
例如，该计算机程序被计算机执行时，使得该计算机可以实现上述方法实施例中由网络设备执行的方法。For example, when the computer program is executed by a computer, the computer can implement the method performed by the network device in the foregoing method embodiments.
本申请实施例还提供一种包含指令的计算机程序产品，该指令被计算机执行时使得该计算机实现上述方法实施例中由设备(如上述各个核心网网元、接入网设备、终端设备等)执行的方法。The embodiment of the present application also provides a computer program product containing instructions, which, when executed by a computer, enable the computer to implement the devices in the above method embodiments (such as the above-mentioned core network elements, access network devices, terminal devices, etc.) method of execution.
本申请实施例还提供一种通信***，该通信***包括上文实施例中的设备(如上述各个核心网网元、接入网设备、终端设备等)。The embodiment of the present application also provides a communication system, which includes the devices in the above embodiments (such as the above-mentioned network elements of the core network, access network devices, terminal devices, etc.).
上述提供的任一种装置中相关内容的解释及有益效果均可参考上文提供的对应的方法实施例，此处不再赘述。For explanations and beneficial effects of relevant content in any of the devices provided above, reference may be made to the corresponding method embodiments provided above, and details are not repeated here.
应理解，本申请实施例中提及的处理器可以是中央处理单元(central processing unit，CPU)，还可以是其他通用处理器、数字信号处理器(digital signal processor，DSP)、专用集成电路(application specific integrated circuit，ASIC)、现成可编程门阵列(field programmable gate array，FPGA)或者其他可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件等。通用处理器可以是微处理器或者该处理器也可以是任何常规的处理器等。It should be understood that the processor mentioned in the embodiment of the present application may be a central processing unit (central processing unit, CPU), and may also be other general purpose processors, digital signal processors (digital signal processor, DSP), application specific integrated circuits ( application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), off-the-shelf programmable gate array (field programmable gate array, FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, or the processor may be any conventional processor, or the like.
还应理解，本申请实施例中提及的存储器可以是易失性存储器和/或非易失性存储器。其中，非易失性存储器可以是只读存储器(read-only memory，ROM)、可编程只读存储器(programmable ROM，PROM)、可擦除可编程只读存储器(erasable PROM，EPROM)、电可擦除可编程只读存储器(electrically EPROM，EEPROM)或闪存。易失性存储器可以是随机存取存储器(random access memory，RAM)。例如，RAM可以用作外部高速缓存。作为示例而非限定，RAM可以包括如下多种形式：静态随机存取存储器(static RAM，SRAM)、动态随机存取存储器(dynamic RAM，DRAM)、同步动态随机存取存储器(synchronous DRAM，SDRAM)、双倍数据速率同步动态随机存取存储器(double data rate  SDRAM，DDR SDRAM)、增强型同步动态随机存取存储器(enhanced SDRAM，ESDRAM)、同步连接动态随机存取存储器(synchlink DRAM，SLDRAM)和直接内存总线随机存取存储器(direct rambus RAM，DR RAM)。It should also be understood that the memory mentioned in the embodiments of the present application may be a volatile memory and/or a nonvolatile memory. Among them, the non-volatile memory can be read-only memory (read-only memory, ROM), programmable read-only memory (programmable ROM, PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (erasable PROM, EPROM), electrically programmable Erases programmable read-only memory (electrically EPROM, EEPROM) or flash memory. The volatile memory may be random access memory (random access memory, RAM). For example, RAM can be used as an external cache. As an example and not limitation, RAM may include the following forms: static random access memory (static RAM, SRAM), dynamic random access memory (dynamic RAM, DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (synchronous DRAM, SDRAM) , double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (double data rate SDRAM, DDR SDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (enhanced SDRAM, ESDRAM), synchronous connection dynamic random access memory (synchlink DRAM, SLDRAM) and direct memory bus random access memory (direct rambus RAM, DR RAM) .
需要说明的是，当处理器为通用处理器、DSP、ASIC、FPGA或者其他可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件时，存储器(存储模块)可以集成在处理器中。It should be noted that when the processor is a general-purpose processor, DSP, ASIC, FPGA or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, or discrete hardware components, the memory (storage module) may be integrated in the processor.
还需要说明的是，本文描述的存储器旨在包括但不限于这些和任意其它适合类型的存储器。It should also be noted that the memories described herein are intended to include, but are not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memories.
本领域普通技术人员可以意识到，结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的单元及步骤，能够以电子硬件、或者计算机软件和电子硬件的结合来实现。这些功能究竟以硬件还是软件方式执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本申请的保护范围。Those skilled in the art can appreciate that the units and steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented by electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are executed by hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professionals may use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be regarded as exceeding the protection scope of the present application.
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施例仅是示意性的，例如，所述单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个***，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。此外，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口，装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接，可以是电性，机械或其它的形式。In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed devices and methods may be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are only illustrative. For example, the division of the units is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components can be combined or May be integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored, or not implemented. In addition, the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces, and the indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units may be in electrical, mechanical or other forms.
所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元实现本申请提供的方案。The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple network units. Part or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to implement the solutions provided in this application.
另外，在本申请各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个单元中，也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one unit, each unit may exist separately physically, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
在上述实施例中，可以全部或部分地通过软件、硬件、固件或者其任意组合来实现。当使用软件实现时，可以全部或部分地以计算机程序产品的形式实现。所述计算机程序产品包括一个或多个计算机指令。在计算机上加载和执行所述计算机程序指令时，全部或部分地产生按照本申请实施例所述的流程或功能。所述计算机可以是通用计算机、专用计算机、计算机网络、或者其他可编程装置。例如，所述计算机可以是个人计算机，服务器，或者网络设备等。所述计算机指令可以存储在计算机可读存储介质中，或者从一个计算机可读存储介质向另一个计算机可读存储介质传输，例如，所述计算机指令可以从一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心通过有线(例如同轴电缆、光纤、数字用户线(DSL))或无线(例如红外、无线、微波等)方式向另一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心进行传输。所述计算机可读存储介质可以是计算机能够存取的任何可用介质或者是包含一个或多个可用介质集成的服务器、数据中心等数据存储设备。所述可用介质可以是磁性介质(例如，软盘、硬盘、磁带)、光介质(例如，DVD)、或者半导体介质(例如固态硬盘(solid state disk，SSD)等。例如，前述的可用介质可以包括但不限于：U盘、移动硬盘、只读存储器(read-only memory，ROM)、随机存取存储器(random access memory，RAM)、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。 In the above embodiments, all or part of them may be implemented by software, hardware, firmware or any combination thereof. When implemented using software, it may be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on the computer, the processes or functions according to the embodiments of the present application will be generated in whole or in part. The computer can be a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable devices. For example, the computer may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device. The computer instructions may be stored in or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium, for example, the computer instructions may be transmitted from a website, computer, server or data center Transmission to another website site, computer, server, or data center by wired (eg, coaxial cable, optical fiber, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (eg, infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.). The computer-readable storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer, or a data storage device such as a server or a data center integrated with one or more available media. The available medium may be a magnetic medium (for example, a floppy disk, a hard disk, or a magnetic tape), an optical medium (for example, DVD), or a semiconductor medium (for example, a solid state disk (solid state disk, SSD), etc. For example, the aforementioned available medium may include But not limited to: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (read-only memory, ROM), random access memory (random access memory, RAM), magnetic disk or optical disk and other media that can store program codes.
以上所述，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。 The above is only a specific implementation of the application, but the scope of protection of the application is not limited thereto. Anyone familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the application. Should be covered within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be determined by the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (32)

  1. 一种通信方法，其特征在于，应用于接入网设备通过卫星回传链路与核心网设备通信的***中，所述方法包括：A communication method, characterized in that it is applied to a system in which an access network device communicates with a core network device through a satellite backhaul link, the method comprising:
    第一设备根据卫星运控信息确定所述卫星回传链路时延发生变化；The first device determines that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link changes according to the satellite operation and control information;
    所述第一设备向第二设备发送通知消息，所述通知消息用于通知所述卫星回传链路时延发生变化，所述卫星运控信息包括：不同时刻所述卫星的覆盖位置、星座拓扑结构和所述卫星的星历信息、所述卫星回传链路时延发生变化的时刻指示信息中的至少一项，The first device sends a notification message to the second device, the notification message is used to notify the satellite of a change in backhaul link delay, and the satellite operation and control information includes: coverage positions and constellations of the satellites at different times At least one of the topological structure, the ephemeris information of the satellite, and the indication information of the time when the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes,
    其中，所述第一设备包括所述接入网设备、移动性管理网元或者会话管理网元，所述第二设备包括策略控制网元或应用功能网元。Wherein, the first device includes the access network device, a mobility management network element or a session management network element, and the second device includes a policy control network element or an application function network element.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一设备根据卫星运控信息确定所述卫星回传链路时延发生变化，包括：The method according to claim 1, wherein the first device determines that the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes according to the satellite operation and control information, including:
    在所述第一设备确定所述卫星回传链路对应的星座类型包括低轨道卫星LEO极地轨道星座或中轨道卫星MEO极地轨道星座的情况下，所述第一设备根据卫星运控信息确定所述卫星回传链路时延发生变化。When the first device determines that the constellation type corresponding to the satellite backhaul link includes a low-orbit satellite LEO polar orbit constellation or a medium-orbit satellite MEO polar orbit constellation, the first device determines the satellite return link according to the satellite operation and control information. The satellite backhaul link delay changes.
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述第一设备向第二设备发送通知消息之前，所述方法还包括：The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein before the first device sends a notification message to the second device, the method further comprises:
    所述第一设备接收来自所述第二设备的请求消息，所述请求消息用于请求确定所述卫星回传链路时延变化。The first device receives a request message from the second device, where the request message is used for requesting to determine the delay variation of the satellite backhaul link.
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the method further comprises:
    所述第一设备向所述第二设备发送星座信息，所述星座信息用于所述第二设备确定是否发送所述请求消息，The first device sends constellation information to the second device, where the constellation information is used by the second device to determine whether to send the request message,
    其中，所述星座信息中包括用于指示所述卫星回传链路对应的星座类型的信息，所述卫星回传链路对应的星座类型包括以下至少一种星座：Wherein, the constellation information includes information for indicating the constellation type corresponding to the satellite backhaul link, and the constellation type corresponding to the satellite backhaul link includes at least one of the following constellations:
    低轨道卫星LEO极地轨道星座、中轨道卫星MEO极地轨道星座、LEO倾斜轨道星座、或MEO倾斜轨道星座。Low-orbit satellite LEO polar-orbit constellation, medium-orbit satellite MEO polar-orbit constellation, LEO inclined-orbit constellation, or MEO inclined-orbit constellation.
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，所述星座信息还包括以下信息中的至少一种：The method according to claim 4, wherein the constellation information further includes at least one of the following information:
    用于指示所述卫星星座是否支持星间链路的信息、用于指示所述卫星星座是否支持同轨道星间链路的信息、用于指示所述卫星星座是否支持异轨道星间链路的信息；Information used to indicate whether the satellite constellation supports inter-satellite links, information used to indicate whether the satellite constellation supports inter-satellite links in the same orbit, information used to indicate whether the satellite constellation supports inter-satellite links in different orbits information;
    在所述星座类型为LEO极地轨道星座和/或MEO极地轨道星座的情况下，所述星座信息还包括用于指示所述卫星星座是否支持反向缝链路的信息。In the case that the constellation type is a LEO polar orbit constellation and/or a MEO polar orbit constellation, the constellation information further includes information indicating whether the satellite constellation supports reverse slot links.
  6. 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the method further comprises:
    所述第一设备根据卫星运控信息估算所述卫星回传链路时延；The first device estimates the satellite return link delay according to the satellite operation and control information;
    所述通知消息中包括所述卫星回传链路时延，所述卫星回传链路时延包括接收到会话管理请求时的时延，和/或，所述卫星回传链路时延发生变化时的时延。The notification message includes the satellite backhaul link delay, the satellite backhaul link delay includes the delay when the session management request is received, and/or, the satellite backhaul link delay occurs Latency when changing.
  7. 根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一设备根据卫星运控信息确定所述卫星回传链路时延发生变化，包括： The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the first device determines that the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes according to the satellite operation and control information, including:
    所述第一设备根据卫星运控信息确定所述卫星回传链路的转发路径发生变化、反向缝离境、反向缝过境中的至少一项；The first device determines at least one of the change in the forwarding path of the satellite return link, the departure of the reverse seam, and the transit of the reverse seam according to the satellite operation and control information;
    所述通知消息中包括指示所述转发路径发生变化的信息、指示所述反向缝离境的信息、指示所述反向缝过境的信息、指示所述反向缝离境持续时间的信息、或指示所述反向缝过境持续时间的信息中的至少一项。The notification message includes information indicating that the forwarding path has changed, information indicating the departure of the reverse seam, information indicating the transit of the reverse seam, information indicating the duration of departure of the reverse seam, or at least one item of information indicating the duration of the reverse seam transit.
  8. 根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一设备根据卫星运控信息确定所述卫星回传链路时延发生变化，包括：The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the first device determines that the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes according to the satellite operation and control information, including:
    所述第一设备根据卫星运控信息确定所述卫星回传链路时延发生变化的时刻；The first device determines the time when the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes according to the satellite operation and control information;
    所述第一设备根据所述时刻确定定时器的时长；The first device determines the duration of the timer according to the time;
    所述第一设备向第二设备发送通知消息，包括：The first device sends a notification message to the second device, including:
    在所述定时器超时时，所述第一设备向第二设备发送通知消息。When the timer expires, the first device sends a notification message to the second device.
  9. 根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一设备根据卫星运控信息确定所述卫星回传链路时延发生变化，包括：The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the first device determines that the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes according to the satellite operation and control information, including:
    所述第一设备根据所述接入网设备和所述核心网设备之间的卫星运控信息确定所述卫星回传链路时延发生变化。The first device determines, according to the satellite operation and control information between the access network device and the core network device, that the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes.
  10. 一种通信方法，其特征在于，应用于接入网设备通过卫星回传链路与核心网设备通信的***中，所述方法包括：A communication method, characterized in that it is applied to a system in which an access network device communicates with a core network device through a satellite backhaul link, the method comprising:
    第二设备接收来自第一设备的通知消息，所述通知消息用于通知所述卫星回传链路时延发生变化，The second device receives a notification message from the first device, where the notification message is used to notify that the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes,
    所述第二设备根据所述卫星回传链路时延发生变化确定执行策略，The second device determines an execution strategy according to a change in the delay of the satellite backhaul link,
    其中，所述第一设备包括所述接入网设备、移动性管理网元或者会话管理网元，所述第二设备包括策略控制网元或应用功能网元。Wherein, the first device includes the access network device, a mobility management network element or a session management network element, and the second device includes a policy control network element or an application function network element.
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the method further comprises:
    所述第二设备向所述第一设备发送请求消息，所述请求消息用于请求确定所述卫星回传链路时延变化。The second device sends a request message to the first device, where the request message is used for requesting to determine the delay change of the satellite backhaul link.
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：The method according to claim 11, characterized in that the method further comprises:
    所述第二设备接收来自所述第一设备的星座信息；the second device receives constellation information from the first device;
    所述第二设备根据所述星座信息确定发送所述请求消息，The second device determines to send the request message according to the constellation information,
    其中，所述星座信息中包括用于指示所述卫星回传链路对应的星座类型的信息，所述卫星回传链路对应的星座类型包括以下至少一种星座：Wherein, the constellation information includes information for indicating the constellation type corresponding to the satellite backhaul link, and the constellation type corresponding to the satellite backhaul link includes at least one of the following constellations:
    低轨道卫星LEO极地轨道星座、中轨道卫星MEO极地轨道星座、LEO倾斜轨道星座、或MEO倾斜轨道星座。Low-orbit satellite LEO polar-orbit constellation, medium-orbit satellite MEO polar-orbit constellation, LEO inclined-orbit constellation, or MEO inclined-orbit constellation.
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的方法，其特征在于，所述星座信息还包括以下信息中的至少一种：The method according to claim 12, wherein the constellation information further includes at least one of the following information:
    用于指示所述卫星星座是否支持星间链路的信息、用于指示所述卫星星座是否支持同轨道星间链路的信息、用于指示所述卫星星座是否支持异轨道星间链路的信息；Information used to indicate whether the satellite constellation supports inter-satellite links, information used to indicate whether the satellite constellation supports inter-satellite links in the same orbit, information used to indicate whether the satellite constellation supports inter-satellite links in different orbits information;
    在所述星座类型为LEO极地轨道星座和/或MEO极地轨道星座的情况下，所述星座信息还包括用于指示所述卫星星座是否支持反向缝链路的信息。In the case that the constellation type is a LEO polar orbit constellation and/or a MEO polar orbit constellation, the constellation information further includes information indicating whether the satellite constellation supports reverse slot links.
  14. 根据权利要求10至13中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述通知消息中包括 所述卫星回传链路时延，所述卫星回传链路时延包括所述第一设备接收到会话管理请求时的时延，和/或，所述卫星回传链路时延发生变化时的时延。The method according to any one of claims 10 to 13, wherein the notification message includes The satellite backhaul link delay, the satellite backhaul link delay including the delay when the first device receives a session management request, and/or, the satellite backhaul link delay changes time delay.
  15. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，应用于接入网设备通过卫星回传链路与核心网设备通信的***中，所述装置包括：A communication device, characterized in that it is applied to a system in which an access network device communicates with a core network device through a satellite backhaul link, and the device includes:
    处理单元，用于根据卫星运控信息确定所述卫星回传链路时延发生变化；A processing unit, configured to determine that the delay of the satellite backhaul link has changed according to the satellite operation and control information;
    发送单元，用于向第二设备发送通知消息，所述通知消息用于通知所述卫星回传链路时延发生变化，所述卫星运控信息包括：不同时刻所述卫星的覆盖位置、星座拓扑结构和所述卫星的星历信息、所述卫星回传链路时延发生变化的时刻指示信息中的至少一项，The sending unit is configured to send a notification message to the second device, the notification message is used to notify the satellite that the time delay of the backhaul link changes, and the satellite operation and control information includes: the coverage position and constellation of the satellite at different times At least one of the topological structure, the ephemeris information of the satellite, and the indication information of the time when the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes,
    其中，所述通信装置包括所述接入网设备、移动性管理网元或者会话管理网元，所述第二设备包括策略控制网元或应用功能网元。Wherein, the communication device includes the access network device, a mobility management network element or a session management network element, and the second device includes a policy control network element or an application function network element.
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的装置，其特征在于，所述处理单元根据卫星运控信息确定所述卫星回传链路时延发生变化，包括：The device according to claim 15, wherein the processing unit determines that the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes according to the satellite operation and control information, including:
    在所述处理单元确定所述卫星回传链路对应的星座类型包括低轨道卫星LEO极地轨道星座或中轨道卫星MEO极地轨道星座的情况下，所述处理单元根据卫星运控信息确定所述卫星回传链路时延发生变化。When the processing unit determines that the constellation type corresponding to the satellite backhaul link includes a low-orbit satellite LEO polar orbit constellation or a medium-orbit satellite MEO polar orbit constellation, the processing unit determines the satellite according to the satellite operation and control information. The backhaul link delay changes.
  17. 根据权利要求15或16所述的装置，其特征在于，在所述发送单元向第二设备发送通知消息之前，所述装置还包括：The device according to claim 15 or 16, wherein before the sending unit sends the notification message to the second device, the device further comprises:
    接收单元，用于接收来自第二设备的请求消息，所述请求消息用于请求确定所述卫星回传链路时延变化。The receiving unit is configured to receive a request message from the second device, where the request message is used for requesting to determine the change in delay of the satellite backhaul link.
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的装置，其特征在于，所述发送单元还用于向所述第二设备发送星座信息，所述星座信息用于所述第二设备确定是否发送所述请求消息，The apparatus according to claim 17, wherein the sending unit is further configured to send constellation information to the second device, and the constellation information is used by the second device to determine whether to send the request message,
    其中，所述星座信息中包括用于指示所述卫星回传链路对应的星座类型的信息，Wherein, the constellation information includes information for indicating the constellation type corresponding to the satellite backhaul link,
    所述卫星回传链路对应的星座类型包括以下至少一种星座：The constellation type corresponding to the satellite backhaul link includes at least one of the following constellations:
    低轨道卫星LEO极地轨道星座、中轨道卫星MEO极地轨道星座、LEO倾斜轨道星座、或MEO倾斜轨道星座。Low-orbit satellite LEO polar-orbit constellation, medium-orbit satellite MEO polar-orbit constellation, LEO inclined-orbit constellation, or MEO inclined-orbit constellation.
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的装置，其特征在于，所述星座信息还包括以下信息中的至少一种：The device according to claim 18, wherein the constellation information further includes at least one of the following information:
    用于指示所述卫星星座是否支持星间链路的信息、用于指示所述卫星星座是否支持同轨道星间链路的信息、用于指示所述卫星星座是否支持异轨道星间链路的信息；Information used to indicate whether the satellite constellation supports inter-satellite links, information used to indicate whether the satellite constellation supports inter-satellite links in the same orbit, information used to indicate whether the satellite constellation supports inter-satellite links in different orbits information;
    在所述星座类型为LEO极地轨道星座和/或MEO极地轨道星座的情况下，所述星座信息还包括用于指示所述卫星星座是否支持反向缝链路的信息。In the case that the constellation type is a LEO polar orbit constellation and/or a MEO polar orbit constellation, the constellation information further includes information indicating whether the satellite constellation supports reverse slot links.
  20. 根据权利要求15至19中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述A device according to any one of claims 15 to 19, wherein the
    处理单元还用于根据卫星运控信息估算所述卫星回传链路时延；The processing unit is also used to estimate the time delay of the satellite backhaul link according to the satellite operation and control information;
    所述通知消息中包括所述卫星回传链路时延，The notification message includes the satellite backhaul link delay,
    其中，所述卫星回传链路时延包括接收到会话管理请求时的时延，和/或，所述卫星回传链路时延发生变化时的时延。Wherein, the satellite backhaul link time delay includes a time delay when a session management request is received, and/or, a time delay when the satellite backhaul link time delay changes.
  21. 根据权利要求15至20中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述处理单元根据卫星运控信息确定所述卫星回传链路时延发生变化，包括：The device according to any one of claims 15 to 20, wherein the processing unit determines that the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes according to the satellite operation and control information, including:
    所述处理单元根据卫星运控信息确定所述卫星回传链路的转发路径发生变化、反向缝 离境、反向缝过境中的至少一项；The processing unit determines, according to the satellite operation and control information, that the forwarding path of the satellite backhaul link changes, and the reverse seam At least one of departure and reverse seam transit;
    所述通知消息中包括指示所述转发路径发生变化的信息、指示所述反向缝离境的信息、指示所述反向缝过境的信息、指示所述反向缝离境持续时间的信息、或指示所述反向缝过境持续时间的信息中的至少一项。The notification message includes information indicating that the forwarding path has changed, information indicating the departure of the reverse seam, information indicating the transit of the reverse seam, information indicating the duration of departure of the reverse seam, or at least one item of information indicating the duration of the reverse seam transit.
  22. 根据权利要求15至21中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述处理单元根据卫星运控信息确定所述卫星回传链路时延发生变化，包括：The device according to any one of claims 15 to 21, wherein the processing unit determines that the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes according to the satellite operation and control information, including:
    所述处理单元根据卫星运控信息确定所述卫星回传链路时延发生变化的时刻；The processing unit determines the moment when the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes according to the satellite operation and control information;
    所述处理单元根据所述时刻确定定时器的时长；The processing unit determines the duration of the timer according to the time;
    所述发送单元向所述第二设备发送通知消息，包括：The sending unit sends a notification message to the second device, including:
    在所述定时器超时时，所述发送单元向所述第二设备发送通知消息。When the timer expires, the sending unit sends a notification message to the second device.
  23. 根据权利要求15至22中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述处理单元根据卫星运控信息确定所述卫星回传链路时延发生变化，包括：The device according to any one of claims 15 to 22, wherein the processing unit determines that the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes according to the satellite operation and control information, including:
    所述处理单元根据所述接入网设备和所述核心网设备之间的卫星运控信息确定所述卫星回传链路时延发生变化。The processing unit determines that the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes according to the satellite operation and control information between the access network device and the core network device.
  24. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，应用于接入网设备通过卫星回传链路与核心网设备通信的***中，所述装置包括：A communication device, characterized in that it is applied to a system in which an access network device communicates with a core network device through a satellite backhaul link, and the device includes:
    接收单元，用于接收来自第一设备的通知消息，所述通知消息用于通知所述卫星回传链路时延发生变化，a receiving unit, configured to receive a notification message from the first device, where the notification message is used to notify that the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes,
    处理单元，用于根据所述卫星回传链路时延发生变化确定执行策略，a processing unit, configured to determine an execution strategy according to changes in the time delay of the satellite backhaul link,
    其中，所述通信装置包括策略控制网元或应用功能网元，所述第一设备包括所述接入网设备、移动性管理网元或者会话管理网元。Wherein, the communication device includes a policy control network element or an application function network element, and the first device includes the access network device, a mobility management network element, or a session management network element.
  25. 根据权利要求24所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置还包括：The device according to claim 24, further comprising:
    发送单元，用于向所述第一设备发送请求消息，所述请求消息用于请求确定所述卫星回传链路时延变化。A sending unit, configured to send a request message to the first device, where the request message is used to request to determine the delay change of the satellite backhaul link.
  26. 根据权利要求25所述的装置，其特征在于，所述接收单元，还用于接收来自所述第一设备的星座信息；The apparatus according to claim 25, wherein the receiving unit is further configured to receive constellation information from the first device;
    所述处理单元，还用于根据所述星座信息确定发送所述请求消息，The processing unit is further configured to determine to send the request message according to the constellation information,
    其中，所述星座信息中包括用于指示所述卫星回传链路对应的星座类型的信息，所述卫星回传链路对应的星座类型包括以下至少一种星座：Wherein, the constellation information includes information for indicating the constellation type corresponding to the satellite backhaul link, and the constellation type corresponding to the satellite backhaul link includes at least one of the following constellations:
    低轨道卫星LEO极地轨道星座、中轨道卫星MEO极地轨道星座、LEO倾斜轨道星座、或MEO倾斜轨道星座。Low-orbit satellite LEO polar-orbit constellation, medium-orbit satellite MEO polar-orbit constellation, LEO inclined-orbit constellation, or MEO inclined-orbit constellation.
  27. 根据权利要求26所述的装置，其特征在于，所述星座信息还包括以下信息中的至少一种：The device according to claim 26, wherein the constellation information further includes at least one of the following information:
    用于指示所述卫星星座是否支持星间链路的信息、用于指示所述卫星星座是否支持同轨道星间链路的信息、用于指示所述卫星星座是否支持异轨道星间链路的信息；Information used to indicate whether the satellite constellation supports inter-satellite links, information used to indicate whether the satellite constellation supports inter-satellite links in the same orbit, information used to indicate whether the satellite constellation supports inter-satellite links in different orbits information;
    在所述星座类型为LEO极地轨道星座和/或MEO极地轨道星座的情况下，所述星座信息还包括用于指示所述卫星星座是否支持反向缝链路的信息。In the case that the constellation type is a LEO polar orbit constellation and/or a MEO polar orbit constellation, the constellation information further includes information indicating whether the satellite constellation supports reverse slot links.
  28. 根据权利要求24至27中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述通知消息中包括所述卫星回传链路时延， The device according to any one of claims 24 to 27, wherein the notification message includes the satellite backhaul link delay,
    所述卫星回传链路时延包括所述第一设备接收到会话管理请求时的时延，和/或，所述卫星回传链路时延发生变化时的时延。The satellite backhaul link time delay includes a time delay when the first device receives a session management request, and/or a time delay when the satellite backhaul link time delay changes.
  29. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，所述计算机可读存储介质上存储有计算机程序，当所述计算机程序运行时，使得装置执行如权利要求1至14中任意一项所述的方法。A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that a computer program is stored on the computer-readable storage medium, and when the computer program is run, the device executes the method according to any one of claims 1 to 14 .
  30. 一种芯片***，其特征在于，包括：处理器，用于从存储器中调用并运行计算机程序，使得安装有所述芯片***的通信装置执行如权利要求1至14中任意一项所述的方法。A system on a chip, characterized in that it includes: a processor, configured to call and run a computer program from a memory, so that a communication device installed with the system on a chip executes the method according to any one of claims 1 to 14 .
  31. 一种通信***，其特征在于，所述通信***包括至少一个如权利要求15至23中任意一项所述的通信装置和至少一个如权利要求24至28中任意一项所述的通信装置。A communication system, characterized in that the communication system comprises at least one communication device according to any one of claims 15-23 and at least one communication device according to any one of claims 24-28.
  32. 一种通信方法，其特征在于，应用于接入网设备通过卫星回传链路与核心网设备通信的***中，所述方法包括：A communication method, characterized in that it is applied to a system in which an access network device communicates with a core network device through a satellite backhaul link, the method comprising:
    第一设备根据卫星运控信息确定所述卫星回传链路时延发生变化；The first device determines that the time delay of the satellite backhaul link changes according to the satellite operation and control information;
    所述第一设备向第二设备发送通知消息，所述通知消息用于通知所述卫星回传链路时延发生变化，所述卫星运控信息包括：不同时刻所述卫星的覆盖位置、星座拓扑结构和所述卫星的星历信息、所述卫星回传链路时延发生变化的时刻指示信息中的至少一项，其中，所述第一设备包括所述接入网设备、移动性管理网元或者会话管理网元，所述第二设备包括策略控制网元或应用功能网元；The first device sends a notification message to the second device, the notification message is used to notify the satellite of a change in backhaul link delay, and the satellite operation and control information includes: coverage positions and constellations of the satellites at different times At least one of the topological structure, the ephemeris information of the satellite, and the indication information of the time when the delay of the satellite backhaul link changes, wherein the first device includes the access network device, mobility management A network element or a session management network element, the second device includes a policy control network element or an application function network element;
    所述第二设备接收来自所述第一设备的通知消息，根据所述卫星回传链路时延发生变化确定执行策略。 The second device receives the notification message from the first device, and determines an execution strategy according to a change in the time delay of the satellite backhaul link.
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