WO2023160248A1 - Pulsed laser in-situ impact-assisted laser cladding apparatus and use method - Google Patents

Pulsed laser in-situ impact-assisted laser cladding apparatus and use method Download PDF

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WO2023160248A1
WO2023160248A1 PCT/CN2023/070035 CN2023070035W WO2023160248A1 WO 2023160248 A1 WO2023160248 A1 WO 2023160248A1 CN 2023070035 W CN2023070035 W CN 2023070035W WO 2023160248 A1 WO2023160248 A1 WO 2023160248A1
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laser
reflector
pulsed laser
pulse
pulsed
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PCT/CN2023/070035
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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杨海峰
时明天
朱聪聪
刘昊
郝敬宾
刘新华
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中国矿业大学
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Publication of WO2023160248A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023160248A1/en
Priority to ZA2024/03796A priority Critical patent/ZA202403796B/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
    • C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
    • C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D10/00—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation
    • C21D10/005—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation by laser shock processing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of laser cladding, and in particular relates to a pulse laser in-situ impact assisted laser cladding device and a use method.
  • Laser cladding is a surface modification technology, also known as laser cladding or laser cladding.
  • Laser cladding technology uses a laser beam with a certain power density and scanning speed to act on the functional material that is fed synchronously or prefabricated on the surface of the substrate. Bonded cladding.
  • Laser cladding can significantly improve the wear resistance, corrosion resistance, heat resistance, oxidation resistance and electrical properties of the substrate surface, so as to achieve the purpose of surface modification or repair, which not only meets the requirements for the specific performance of the material surface, It saves a lot of precious elements and is widely used in rail transit, construction machinery and other fields.
  • the duration of the pressure wave generated by the pulsed laser is several hundred nanoseconds, and the peak pressure can reach 100MPa. Coating with increased microhardness.
  • the current processing method is to fix the main laser head and pulse laser lens, and to achieve impact on different areas of the cladding layer by fine-tuning the deflection range of the pulse laser.
  • the pressure wave acts on the area behind the molten pool generated by the continuous laser 4, and the coating with better performance can be obtained by impacting the molten pool or the hot hard zone.
  • the processing method shown in Figure 1 keeping the continuous laser 4 and the pulsed laser 1 in the same posture, is only suitable for the continuous laser 4 and the pulsed laser 1 to move in a straight line to the right at the same time, so that the pulsed laser 1 can act on the molten pool In the rear area, as shown in the track a in Figure 2, when the continuous laser and the pulsed laser are fixedly connected, any horizontal movement to the right, such as the tracks shown in b and c in Figure 2, cannot The pulsed laser 1 acts on the back of the molten pool, and the processing action of the pulsed laser 1 following the continuous laser 4 under complex trajectories cannot be realized, and the coating with refined grains and improved microhardness under complex trajectories cannot be obtained.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a pulsed laser in-situ shock assisted laser cladding device and its use method to solve the technical problem that the pulsed laser cannot follow the processing action of the continuous laser and always act on the rear of the molten pool under complex trajectory.
  • a pulsed laser in-situ impact assisted laser cladding device including an electronic computer, the electronic computer controls a laser cladding manufacturing module and a pulsed laser dimming module;
  • the laser cladding manufacturing module includes a continuous laser and a moving frame, and the continuous laser passes through a
  • the continuous laser fiber is connected with a laser head, and the laser head is vertically fixed on the mobile frame.
  • the laser head is equipped with a water cooling device, a protective gas conveying device, and a metal powder conveying device.
  • the pulse laser dimming module includes a pulse laser And the dimming frame, the outer wall of the dimming frame is provided with an optical fiber inlet, the pulse laser is connected to the optical fiber inlet through a pulsed laser fiber, the optical fiber inlet is equipped with a reciprocating and rotating first reflector, the first reflector The first oscillating mirror and the second reflecting mirror are respectively arranged on both sides, and the second oscillating mirror is provided with a second oscillating mirror on the other side where the first oscillating mirror is located.
  • the rotation of the mirror is controlled by a motor.
  • the first vibrating mirror and the second vibrating mirror are respectively located at both ends of the inner cavity of the box.
  • the dimming frame is a V-shaped structure, which occupies a small space.
  • the characteristics of the reflector and vibrating mirror are arranged inside the dimming rack, which saves industrial space and makes the structure of the device more compact.
  • the vertical arrangement of the first reflector and the second reflector further optimizes the layout inside the dimming rack, and is more conducive to controlling the direction of the laser light inside the dimming rack.
  • the light adjusting frame can move up and down on the moving pair, and the light adjusting frame moves up and down on the Z axis to make the focal plane of the pulsed laser It is applied on the substrate surface simultaneously with the focal plane of the desired continuous laser light as needed.
  • a collimation system is provided between the pulsed laser fiber and the fiber inlet.
  • the key is to make the parallel beam of the pulsed laser enter the dimming rack with high stability and no drift , can be distributed with a stable center.
  • a CCD camera is arranged above the workbench to capture the laser light more accurately, so as to facilitate the control of equipment and work progress.
  • a method for using a pulse laser in-situ shock-assisted laser cladding device comprising the above-mentioned pulse laser in-situ shock-assisted laser cladding device, the specific steps are:
  • start processing take the point where the continuous laser acts on the pulse laser as the origin, establish a coordinate system, connect the position where the pulse laser acts on to the origin, and form a ray that starts from the origin and passes through the position where the pulse laser acts.
  • the angle ⁇ formed in the positive direction of the X-axis of the coordinate system is within 0° ⁇ 180°, enter step IV; when the angle ⁇ is within 180° ⁇ 360°, enter step V;
  • the included angle ⁇ is located at 0° ⁇ 180°, the position of the pulsed laser is at the origin, that is, the right side of the continuous laser.
  • the rotating motor has been deflected, rotate 90° counterclockwise to reset the rotating motor
  • the state makes the first reflector parallel to the second reflector, and the incident pulse laser introduced by the pulsed laser fiber hits the second reflector through the first reflector, and is reflected by the second reflector to form a laser beam that enters the second galvanometer.
  • Laser at this time, the pulse laser is driven to the designated position by the second vibrating mirror;
  • V when the included angle ⁇ is at 180° ⁇ 360°, the position where the pulsed laser acts is at the origin, that is, the left side of the continuous laser.
  • the rotating motor if the rotating motor is in the reset state, control the rotating motor to rotate 90°
  • the first reflector is adjusted from being parallel to the second reflector to being perpendicular to the second reflector.
  • the incident pulsed laser light introduced by the pulsed laser fiber forms the laser beam that enters the first oscillating mirror through the first reflector, and is controlled by the first reflector.
  • the vibrating mirror hits the pulse laser to the designated position.
  • the adjustment time of the rotating motor is within the working interval of the pulsed laser.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the position of the auxiliary pulse laser light output can be flexibly controlled, which can adapt to complex paths, and the shock wave generated by the auxiliary pulse laser can act on the rear area of the molten pool generated by the continuous laser, and grain refinement can be obtained
  • the coating realizes pulse laser in-situ impact-assisted laser cladding under complex trajectory, and at the same time improves the processing efficiency of pulse laser in-situ-assisted laser cladding, which is highly automated and easy to operate and adjust.
  • the present invention can change the solidification behavior of the molten pool formed by the continuous laser through the introduction of the pulsed laser, and can achieve the purpose of precise regulation of the molten pool.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of continuous laser and pulsed laser maintaining the same position
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the continuous laser and the pulsed laser to maintain the same posture processing trajectory, a is the horizontal linear motion to the right, b is the horizontal linear motion to the left, and c is the horizontal backward linear motion;
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a pulsed laser in-situ impact-assisted laser cladding device of the present invention
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the working state at A-A of the dimming rack in Fig. 3 when the included angle ⁇ is 0° ⁇ 180°;
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the working state at A-A of the dimming rack in Fig. 3 when the included angle ⁇ is 180° ⁇ 360°;
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the processing trajectory.
  • a pulsed laser in-situ shock-assisted laser cladding device including a computer 16, which can be a computer or an industrial computer, and the computer 16 controls a laser cladding manufacturing module and a pulse Laser dimming module;
  • the laser cladding manufacturing module includes a continuous laser 15 and a moving frame 9, the continuous laser 15 is connected with a laser head 10 through a continuous laser fiber 12, and the laser head 10 is vertically fixed on the moving frame 9 to realize the movement of the path ,
  • the laser head 10 is equipped with a water cooling device 6, a protective gas delivery device 7 and a metal powder delivery device 8, and the metal powder and the protective gas are transported to the laser head 10 through coaxial or side-axis mode and then transported to the substrate after interacting with the laser 22 surface
  • the metal powder can be selected as copper-based material or iron-based material or cobalt-based material or nickel-based material or aluminum-based material or intermetallic compound-based material
  • the protective gas is an inert gas
  • a workbench 2 is provided under the laser head 10; the pulse laser dimming module includes a pulse laser 14 and a dimming frame 5.
  • the outer wall of the dimming frame 5 is provided with an optical fiber inlet 51, and the pulse laser 14
  • the optical fiber inlet 51 is equipped with a reciprocatingly rotatable first reflector 19 in the front direction when the pulsed laser 1 enters the dimming frame 5, and the first reflector 19
  • the first oscillating mirror 17 and the second reflecting mirror 20 are respectively provided on both sides, and the second oscillating mirror 20 is provided with a second oscillating mirror 21 on the other side where the first oscillating mirror 17 is located.
  • Pulse laser in-situ shock-assisted laser cladding while improving the processing efficiency of pulse laser in-situ-assisted laser cladding, is highly automated and easy to operate and adjust.
  • the continuous laser 15 and the pulse laser 14 are connected with the electronic computer 16, and the drawing of the processing curve is realized by software, such as EACAD2 laser marking machine software, and according to the parameters of the pulse laser 1, the interval time ⁇ t between the pulse laser 1 and the continuous laser 4 and the processing The curve determines where the pulsed laser light 1 acts.
  • the invention improves the brittleness of the material through continuous laser 4 heating, so that the temperature of the material rises rapidly, is easy to control, and has high thermal efficiency.
  • the introduction of the pulsed laser can change the solidification behavior of the molten pool formed by the continuous laser, and can achieve the purpose of precise regulation of the molten pool .
  • FIG. 3 the coordinate system described in this application takes FIG. 3 as an example.
  • the front is the positive direction of the X-axis
  • the right is the positive direction of the Y-axis
  • the top is the positive direction of the Z-axis.
  • the dimming frame 5 is a V-shaped box body, and the first reflector 19 and the second reflector 20 are arranged vertically, which further optimizes the internal layout of the dimming frame 5 and is more conducive to the adjustment of the dimming machine.
  • the second reflector 20 is fixed at the corner of the inner cavity of the box, the first reflector 19 is controlled to rotate by a rotating motor 18, the first vibrating mirror 17 and the second vibrating mirror 21 They are respectively located at both ends of the inner cavity of the box.
  • the dimming frame 5 is a V-shaped structure, which occupies a small space.
  • the box body of the folded line structure is conducive to the characteristics of straight-line propagation of the laser.
  • the reflector and the vibrating mirror are arranged inside the dimming frame 5.
  • the structure of the device is more compact.
  • the moving pair is a sliding rail mechanism
  • the dimming frame 5 can move up and down according to the sliding rail mechanism, through the dimming frame 5 in the Z axis Move up and down so that the focal plane of the pulsed laser 1 and the required continuous laser 4 are simultaneously applied to the surface of the substrate 22 as required.
  • a CCD camera 11 is arranged above the workbench 2 to capture the laser light more accurately, so as to facilitate the control of equipment and work progress.
  • a vertically moving pair is provided between the dimming frame 5 and the laser head 10.
  • the moving pair is a screw guide rail structure, and the dimming frame 5 can move up and down on the screw guide rail structure 5.
  • the optical frame 5 moves up and down on the Z axis, so that the focal plane of the pulsed laser 1 and the required continuous laser 4 are simultaneously applied to the surface of the substrate as required.
  • a collimation system 3 is arranged between the pulsed laser fiber 13 and the fiber inlet 51. In order to improve the collimation accuracy of the pulsed laser 1, the key is to make the parallel beam of the pulsed laser 1 enter the dimming frame 5 with high stability, There can be no drift, and the distribution can have a stable center.
  • the method of using pulsed laser in-situ shock-assisted laser cladding under complex trajectory based on the above system includes the following steps:
  • Start processing take the point where the continuous laser 4 acts on the pulse laser 1 as the origin, define the coordinate system, and set the position where the pulse laser 1 acts Connect with the origin to form a ray starting from the origin and passing through the action position of pulse laser 1. If the angle ⁇ formed between the ray and the positive direction of the X-axis of the coordinate system is 0° ⁇ 180°, enter step IV. Enter step V when the angle is 180° ⁇ 360°;
  • the pulse laser starts to emit light after the continuous laser 4 emits light for a period of ⁇ t.
  • the position point where the pulsed laser 1 acts on the surface of the substrate 22 is Still starting from the starting point of the processing curve, it lags behind the point L(t) at which the continuous laser 4 acts.
  • V as shown in Figure 5, when the included angle is 180° ⁇ 360°, the position where the pulse laser 1 acts is at the origin, that is, the left side of the continuous laser.
  • the electronic computer 16 displays that the rotating motor 18 is in the reset state , then the rotating motor 18 is controlled to rotate 90° clockwise so that the first reflector 19 is adjusted to be perpendicular to the second reflector 20 by being parallel to the second reflector 20, and the incident pulsed laser 131 introduced by the pulsed laser fiber 13 passes through the first reflection
  • the mirror 19 forms a laser beam 171 that is incident on the first vibrating mirror, and the first vibrating mirror 17 sends the pulsed laser light 1 to a designated position on the worktable 22 .
  • the adjustment time of the rotary motor 18 should be within the interval of the pulse laser 1, not more than 0.1 second, and the pulse action time is only a few hundred nanoseconds, so it should be adjusted within 0.1 second to avoid damage to the equipment.

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Abstract

Disclosed are a pulsed laser in-situ impact-assisted laser cladding apparatus and a use method. The apparatus comprises an electronic computer, the electronic computer controlling a laser cladding manufacturing module and a pulsed laser dimming module. The pulsed laser dimming module comprises a pulsed laser and a dimming frame; an optical fiber access port is provided on the outer wall of the dimming frame, the pulsed laser is connected to the optical fiber access port by means of a pulsed laser optical fiber provided, the optical fiber access port is equipped with a first reflector capable of performing reciprocating rotation, a first galvanometer and a second reflector are respectively provided on both sides of the first reflector, and a second galvanometer is provided on the other side, where the first galvanometer is located, of the second reflector. By providing the dimming frame, the technical problem that under a complex trajectory, pulsed laser cannot follow a machining action of continuous laser to constantly act on the rear of a molten pool is solved.

Description

一种脉冲激光原位冲击辅助激光熔覆装置及使用方法A pulsed laser in-situ impact assisted laser cladding device and its application method 技术领域technical field
本发明属于激光熔覆技术领域，尤其涉及一种脉冲激光原位冲击辅助激光熔覆装置及使用方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of laser cladding, and in particular relates to a pulse laser in-situ impact assisted laser cladding device and a use method.
背景技术Background technique
激光熔覆是一种表面改性技术，又叫激光熔敷或激光包覆。激光熔覆技术通过利用一定功率密度和扫描速度的激光束作用在同步送入的或预制于基材表面的功能性材料上，功能性材料与基材共同熔化、快速冷却、凝固成具有良好冶金结合的熔覆层。激光熔覆能够显著改善基材表面的耐磨性、耐蚀性、耐热性、抗氧化性及电气特性，从而达到表面改性或修复的目的，既满足了对材料表面特定性能的要求，又节约了大量的贵重元素，被广泛应用于轨道交通、工程机械等领域。Laser cladding is a surface modification technology, also known as laser cladding or laser cladding. Laser cladding technology uses a laser beam with a certain power density and scanning speed to act on the functional material that is fed synchronously or prefabricated on the surface of the substrate. Bonded cladding. Laser cladding can significantly improve the wear resistance, corrosion resistance, heat resistance, oxidation resistance and electrical properties of the substrate surface, so as to achieve the purpose of surface modification or repair, which not only meets the requirements for the specific performance of the material surface, It saves a lot of precious elements and is widely used in rail transit, construction machinery and other fields.
但是，激光熔覆涂层内会存在微观成分偏析、择优取向引起的粗大树枝晶等问题，这些问题严重阻碍了激光熔覆技术大规模应用。利用脉冲激光原位辅助激光熔覆时，脉冲激光产生的压力波持续时间为几百个纳秒、峰值压力可达100MPa，作用在熔覆层未凝固部分后，可以获得晶粒细化、显微硬度提高的涂层。目前采用的加工方法为固定主激光头和脉冲激光透镜，通过微调脉冲激光的偏转范围，实现对熔覆层不同区域的冲击。However, there are problems such as microscopic component segregation and coarse dendrites caused by preferred orientation in laser cladding coatings, which seriously hinder the large-scale application of laser cladding technology. When using pulsed laser in-situ assisted laser cladding, the duration of the pressure wave generated by the pulsed laser is several hundred nanoseconds, and the peak pressure can reach 100MPa. Coating with increased microhardness. The current processing method is to fix the main laser head and pulse laser lens, and to achieve impact on different areas of the cladding layer by fine-tuning the deflection range of the pulse laser.
一般而言，压力波作用在连续激光4产生的熔池后方区域，对熔池或热硬区冲击可以获得性能较好的涂层。然而，如图1所示的加工方法，将连续激光4与脉冲激光1保持同一姿态，仅适合于连续激光4与脉冲激光1同时向右做直线运动，方可实现脉冲激光1作用于熔池后方区域，如图2中的a轨迹所示，将连续激光与脉冲激光固联的情况下，做出水平向右外的任意运动，如图2中b和c所示的轨迹时，都不能实现脉冲激光1作用在熔池后方，不能实现复杂轨迹下脉冲激光1跟随连续激光4之后的加工动作，不能获得复杂轨迹下晶粒细化、显微硬度提高的涂层。为此，设计出一种脉冲激光原位冲击辅助激光熔覆装置及使用方法。Generally speaking, the pressure wave acts on the area behind the molten pool generated by the continuous laser 4, and the coating with better performance can be obtained by impacting the molten pool or the hot hard zone. However, the processing method shown in Figure 1, keeping the continuous laser 4 and the pulsed laser 1 in the same posture, is only suitable for the continuous laser 4 and the pulsed laser 1 to move in a straight line to the right at the same time, so that the pulsed laser 1 can act on the molten pool In the rear area, as shown in the track a in Figure 2, when the continuous laser and the pulsed laser are fixedly connected, any horizontal movement to the right, such as the tracks shown in b and c in Figure 2, cannot The pulsed laser 1 acts on the back of the molten pool, and the processing action of the pulsed laser 1 following the continuous laser 4 under complex trajectories cannot be realized, and the coating with refined grains and improved microhardness under complex trajectories cannot be obtained. To this end, a pulsed laser in-situ impact assisted laser cladding device and its application method are designed.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种脉冲激光原位冲击辅助激光熔覆装置及使用方法，以解决在复杂轨迹下，脉冲激光不能跟随连续激光的加工动作一直作用于熔池后方的技术问题。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a pulsed laser in-situ shock assisted laser cladding device and its use method to solve the technical problem that the pulsed laser cannot follow the processing action of the continuous laser and always act on the rear of the molten pool under complex trajectory.
为实现上述目的，本发明的一种脉冲激光原位冲击辅助激光熔覆装置及使用方法的具体技术方案如下：In order to achieve the above purpose, the specific technical scheme of a pulsed laser in-situ impact assisted laser cladding device and its use method according to the present invention is as follows:
一种脉冲激光原位冲击辅助激光熔覆装置，包括电子计算机，电子计算机控制有激光熔覆制造模块和脉冲激光调光模块；激光熔覆制造模块包括连续激光器和移动架，连续激光器通过设有连续激光光纤对接有激光头，激光头垂直固定于移动架，激光头配设有水冷装置、输送保护气装置和输送金属粉末装置，激光头下方设有工作台；脉冲激光调光模块包括脉冲激光器和调光机架，调光机架外壁设有光纤接入口，脉冲激光器通过设有脉冲激光光纤连接光纤接入口，光纤接入口配设有可往复转动的第一反射镜，第一反射镜的两侧分别设有第一振镜和第二反射镜，第二反射镜在第一振镜所在的另一侧设有第二振镜，通过调光机架的设置，以解决在复杂轨迹下，脉冲激光不能跟随连续激光的加工动作一直作用于熔池后方的技术问题，所述调光机架为V字形的盒体，第二反射镜固定设于盒体内腔的折角处，第一反射镜通过设有电机控制转动，第一振镜和第二振镜分别位于盒体内腔的两端，调光机架为V字形结构，占有空间小，折线结构的盒体有利于按激光直线传播的特点，在调光机架内部布局反射镜和振镜，节省工业空间的同时，使本装置结构更加紧凑。A pulsed laser in-situ impact assisted laser cladding device, including an electronic computer, the electronic computer controls a laser cladding manufacturing module and a pulsed laser dimming module; the laser cladding manufacturing module includes a continuous laser and a moving frame, and the continuous laser passes through a The continuous laser fiber is connected with a laser head, and the laser head is vertically fixed on the mobile frame. The laser head is equipped with a water cooling device, a protective gas conveying device, and a metal powder conveying device. There is a workbench under the laser head; the pulse laser dimming module includes a pulse laser And the dimming frame, the outer wall of the dimming frame is provided with an optical fiber inlet, the pulse laser is connected to the optical fiber inlet through a pulsed laser fiber, the optical fiber inlet is equipped with a reciprocating and rotating first reflector, the first reflector The first oscillating mirror and the second reflecting mirror are respectively arranged on both sides, and the second oscillating mirror is provided with a second oscillating mirror on the other side where the first oscillating mirror is located. , the technical problem that the pulsed laser cannot follow the processing action of the continuous laser and has been acting on the rear of the molten pool. The rotation of the mirror is controlled by a motor. The first vibrating mirror and the second vibrating mirror are respectively located at both ends of the inner cavity of the box. The dimming frame is a V-shaped structure, which occupies a small space. The characteristics of the reflector and vibrating mirror are arranged inside the dimming rack, which saves industrial space and makes the structure of the device more compact.
进一步的，所述第一反射镜和第二反射镜垂直设置，更加优化调光机架内部的布局，更有利于对调光机架内部激光的方向的把控。Further, the vertical arrangement of the first reflector and the second reflector further optimizes the layout inside the dimming rack, and is more conducive to controlling the direction of the laser light inside the dimming rack.
进一步的，所述调光机架和激光头之间设有垂直方向的移动副，调光机架可在移动副上下移动，通过调光机架在Z轴上下移动，使脉冲激光的焦平面与所需连续激光的焦平面按需同时施加在基材表面。Further, there is a vertical moving pair between the light adjusting frame and the laser head, the light adjusting frame can move up and down on the moving pair, and the light adjusting frame moves up and down on the Z axis to make the focal plane of the pulsed laser It is applied on the substrate surface simultaneously with the focal plane of the desired continuous laser light as needed.
进一步的，所述脉冲激光光纤和光纤接入口之间设有准直***，为了提高脉冲激光准直的精度，关键是使脉冲激光的平行光束进入调光机架时稳定性高，不能有漂移，可以分布有稳定的中心。Further, a collimation system is provided between the pulsed laser fiber and the fiber inlet. In order to improve the collimation accuracy of the pulsed laser, the key is to make the parallel beam of the pulsed laser enter the dimming rack with high stability and no drift , can be distributed with a stable center.
进一步的，所述工作台上方设有CCD相机，用以更加准确地捕捉激光，便于调控设备和作业进度。Further, a CCD camera is arranged above the workbench to capture the laser light more accurately, so as to facilitate the control of equipment and work progress.
一种脉冲激光原位冲击辅助激光熔覆装置使用方法，包括上述的脉冲激光原 位冲击辅助激光熔覆装置，具体步骤为：A method for using a pulse laser in-situ shock-assisted laser cladding device, comprising the above-mentioned pulse laser in-situ shock-assisted laser cladding device, the specific steps are:
Ⅰ，将基材置于工作台上，选择连续激光功率、连续激光扫描速度、输送金属粉末装置的送粉量和输送保护气装置的送气量，根据试样加工要求在电子计算机中绘制加工曲线；Ⅰ. Place the base material on the workbench, select the continuous laser power, continuous laser scanning speed, the powder feeding volume of the metal powder conveying device and the gas feeding volume of the protective gas conveying device, and draw the processing curve in the computer according to the sample processing requirements ;
Ⅱ，按需配设脉冲激光所用的脉冲能量、脉冲频率、脉冲激光与连续激光间隔时间；Ⅱ. Configure pulse energy, pulse frequency, interval time between pulse laser and continuous laser for pulse laser as needed;
Ⅲ，开始加工，以脉冲激光工作时刻连续激光作用的点为原点，建立坐标系，将脉冲激光作用的位置与原点相连，形成一条以原点为起点，经过脉冲激光作用位置的射线，若射线与坐标系X轴正方向形成的夹角θ位于0°≤θ<180°时进入步骤Ⅳ，当夹角θ位于180°≤θ<360°时进入步骤Ⅴ；Ⅲ, start processing, take the point where the continuous laser acts on the pulse laser as the origin, establish a coordinate system, connect the position where the pulse laser acts on to the origin, and form a ray that starts from the origin and passes through the position where the pulse laser acts. When the angle θ formed in the positive direction of the X-axis of the coordinate system is within 0°≤θ<180°, enter step IV; when the angle θ is within 180°≤θ<360°, enter step V;
Ⅳ，当夹角θ位于0°≤θ<180°时，脉冲激光作用的位置在原点亦即连续激光右侧，此时，如果旋转电机已经偏转，则逆时针旋转90°使旋转电机达到复位状态使第一反射镜平行于第二反射镜，由脉冲激光光纤引入的入射脉冲激光经由第一反射镜打到第二反射镜上，经第二反射镜反射后形成射入第二振镜的激光，此时，由第二振镜将脉冲激光打到指定位置；Ⅳ. When the included angle θ is located at 0°≤θ<180°, the position of the pulsed laser is at the origin, that is, the right side of the continuous laser. At this time, if the rotating motor has been deflected, rotate 90° counterclockwise to reset the rotating motor The state makes the first reflector parallel to the second reflector, and the incident pulse laser introduced by the pulsed laser fiber hits the second reflector through the first reflector, and is reflected by the second reflector to form a laser beam that enters the second galvanometer. Laser, at this time, the pulse laser is driven to the designated position by the second vibrating mirror;
Ⅴ，当夹角θ位于180°≤θ<360°时，脉冲激光作用的位置在原点亦即连续激光左侧，此时，若旋转电机处于复位状态，则控制旋转电机顺时针旋转90°使第一反射镜由平行于第二反射镜调整为垂直于第二反射镜，此时，由脉冲激光光纤引入的入射脉冲激光经由第一反射镜形成射入第一振镜的激光，由第一振镜将脉冲激光打到指定位置。Ⅴ, when the included angle θ is at 180°≤θ<360°, the position where the pulsed laser acts is at the origin, that is, the left side of the continuous laser. At this time, if the rotating motor is in the reset state, control the rotating motor to rotate 90° The first reflector is adjusted from being parallel to the second reflector to being perpendicular to the second reflector. At this time, the incident pulsed laser light introduced by the pulsed laser fiber forms the laser beam that enters the first oscillating mirror through the first reflector, and is controlled by the first reflector. The vibrating mirror hits the pulse laser to the designated position.
进一步的，所述旋转电机调整时间在脉冲激光工作间隔内。Further, the adjustment time of the rotating motor is within the working interval of the pulsed laser.
相比较现有技术而言，本发明具有以下有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
1.通过调光机架的设置，可以灵活控制辅助脉冲激光出光的位置，能够适应复杂路径，可以实现辅助脉冲激光产生的冲击波作用在连续激光产生的熔池后方区域，能够获得晶粒细化的涂层，实现复杂轨迹下脉冲激光原位冲击辅助激光熔覆，同时提高脉冲激光原位辅助激光熔覆的加工效率，高度自动化且操作调整方便。1. Through the setting of the dimming rack, the position of the auxiliary pulse laser light output can be flexibly controlled, which can adapt to complex paths, and the shock wave generated by the auxiliary pulse laser can act on the rear area of the molten pool generated by the continuous laser, and grain refinement can be obtained The coating realizes pulse laser in-situ impact-assisted laser cladding under complex trajectory, and at the same time improves the processing efficiency of pulse laser in-situ-assisted laser cladding, which is highly automated and easy to operate and adjust.
2.本发明通过脉冲激光的引入，可以使连续激光形成的熔池凝固行为发生变化，能够实现精准调控熔池的目的。2. The present invention can change the solidification behavior of the molten pool formed by the continuous laser through the introduction of the pulsed laser, and can achieve the purpose of precise regulation of the molten pool.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为连续激光与脉冲激光保持同一位置的示意图；Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of continuous laser and pulsed laser maintaining the same position;
图2为连续激光与脉冲激光保持同一姿态加工轨迹示意图，a为水平向右直线运动，b为水平向左直线运动，c为水平向后直线运动；Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the continuous laser and the pulsed laser to maintain the same posture processing trajectory, a is the horizontal linear motion to the right, b is the horizontal linear motion to the left, and c is the horizontal backward linear motion;
图3为本发明一种脉冲激光原位冲击辅助激光熔覆装置的结构示意图；Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a pulsed laser in-situ impact-assisted laser cladding device of the present invention;
图4为图3中调光机架A-A处，当夹角θ位于0°≤θ<180°时的工作状态示意图；Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the working state at A-A of the dimming rack in Fig. 3 when the included angle θ is 0°≤θ<180°;
图5为图3中调光机架A-A处，当夹角θ位于180°≤θ<360°时的工作状态示意图；Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the working state at A-A of the dimming rack in Fig. 3 when the included angle θ is 180°≤θ<360°;
图6为加工轨迹示意图。Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the processing trajectory.
图中标号说明：1.脉冲激光，2.工作台，3.准直***，4.连续激光，5.调光机架，51.光纤接入口，6.水冷装置，7.输送保护气体装置，8.输送金属粉末装置，9.移动架，10.激光头，11.CCD相机，12.连续激光光纤，13.脉冲激光光纤，131.入射脉冲激光，14.脉冲激光器，15.连续激光器，16.电子计算机，17.第一振镜，171.射入第一振镜的激光，18.旋转电机，19.第一反射镜，20.第二反射镜，21.第二振镜，211.射入第二振镜的激光，22.基材。Explanation of symbols in the figure: 1. Pulse laser, 2. Workbench, 3. Collimation system, 4. Continuous laser, 5. Dimming rack, 51. Optical fiber inlet, 6. Water cooling device, 7. Transmission shielding gas device , 8. Conveying metal powder device, 9. Moving frame, 10. Laser head, 11. CCD camera, 12. Continuous laser fiber, 13. Pulse laser fiber, 131. Incident pulse laser, 14. Pulse laser, 15. Continuous laser , 16. electronic computer, 17. the first vibrating mirror, 171. the laser beam injected into the first vibrating mirror, 18. rotating motor, 19. the first reflecting mirror, 20. the second reflecting mirror, 21. the second vibrating mirror, 211. Laser light injected into the second galvanometer, 22. Substrate.
具体实施方式：Detailed ways:
为了更好地了解本发明的目的、结构及功能，下面结合附图详解。In order to better understand the purpose, structure and function of the present invention, it will be explained in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
如图3所示，设计出一种脉冲激光原位冲击辅助激光熔覆装置，包括电子计算机16，电子计算机16可以选用电脑或工控机，所述电子计算机16控制有激光熔覆制造模块和脉冲激光调光模块；激光熔覆制造模块包括连续激光器15和移动架9，连续激光器15通过设有连续激光光纤12对接有激光头10，激光头10垂直固定于移动架9，实现对路径的运动，激光头10配设有水冷装置6、输送保护气装置7和输送金属粉末装置8，金属粉末和保护气通过同轴或旁轴的方式运送至激光头10并与激光作用后输送至基材22表面，金属粉末可选金属粉末为铜基材料或铁基材料或钴基材料或镍基材料或铝基材料或金属间化合物基材料，保护气体为惰性气体，水冷装置6的冷却水与激光头10连接，对其降温，激光头10下方设有工作台2；脉冲激光调光模块包括脉冲激光器14和调光机架5，调光机架5外壁设有光纤接入口51，脉冲激光器14通过设有脉冲激光光纤13连接光纤接入口51，光纤接入口51在脉冲激光1进入调光机架5时的前方方向配设有可往复转动的第一反射镜19，第一反射镜19的两侧分别设有第一振镜 17和第二反射镜20，第二反射镜20在第一振镜17所在的另一侧设有第二振镜21，通过调光机架5的设置，可以灵活控制辅助脉冲激光1出光的位置，能够适应复杂工作路径，可以实现辅助脉冲激光产生的冲击波作用在连续激光4产生的熔池后方区域，能够获得晶粒细化的涂层，实现复杂轨迹下脉冲激光原位冲击辅助激光熔覆，同时提高脉冲激光原位辅助激光熔覆的加工效率，高度自动化且操作调整方便。连续激光器15及脉冲激光器14与电子计算机16相连，通过软件实现加工曲线的绘制，如EACAD2激光打标机软件，并根据脉冲激光1的参数、脉冲激光1与连续激光4间隔时间△t及加工曲线确定脉冲激光1作用的位置。本发明通过连续激光4加热，改善材料的脆性，使得材料升温迅速、易于控制、热效率高，脉冲激光的引入，可以使连续激光形成的熔池凝固行为发生变化，能够实现精准调控熔池的目的。As shown in Figure 3, a pulsed laser in-situ shock-assisted laser cladding device is designed, including a computer 16, which can be a computer or an industrial computer, and the computer 16 controls a laser cladding manufacturing module and a pulse Laser dimming module; the laser cladding manufacturing module includes a continuous laser 15 and a moving frame 9, the continuous laser 15 is connected with a laser head 10 through a continuous laser fiber 12, and the laser head 10 is vertically fixed on the moving frame 9 to realize the movement of the path , the laser head 10 is equipped with a water cooling device 6, a protective gas delivery device 7 and a metal powder delivery device 8, and the metal powder and the protective gas are transported to the laser head 10 through coaxial or side-axis mode and then transported to the substrate after interacting with the laser 22 surface, the metal powder can be selected as copper-based material or iron-based material or cobalt-based material or nickel-based material or aluminum-based material or intermetallic compound-based material, the protective gas is an inert gas, the cooling water of the water cooling device 6 and the laser The head 10 is connected, and its temperature is lowered. A workbench 2 is provided under the laser head 10; the pulse laser dimming module includes a pulse laser 14 and a dimming frame 5. The outer wall of the dimming frame 5 is provided with an optical fiber inlet 51, and the pulse laser 14 By being provided with the pulsed laser optical fiber 13 to connect the optical fiber inlet 51, the optical fiber inlet 51 is equipped with a reciprocatingly rotatable first reflector 19 in the front direction when the pulsed laser 1 enters the dimming frame 5, and the first reflector 19 The first oscillating mirror 17 and the second reflecting mirror 20 are respectively provided on both sides, and the second oscillating mirror 20 is provided with a second oscillating mirror 21 on the other side where the first oscillating mirror 17 is located. Through the setting of the dimming rack 5, It can flexibly control the light output position of the auxiliary pulse laser 1, and can adapt to complex working paths. It can realize the shock wave generated by the auxiliary pulse laser to act on the rear area of the molten pool generated by the continuous laser 4, and can obtain a fine-grained coating and realize complex trajectories. Pulse laser in-situ shock-assisted laser cladding, while improving the processing efficiency of pulse laser in-situ-assisted laser cladding, is highly automated and easy to operate and adjust. The continuous laser 15 and the pulse laser 14 are connected with the electronic computer 16, and the drawing of the processing curve is realized by software, such as EACAD2 laser marking machine software, and according to the parameters of the pulse laser 1, the interval time Δt between the pulse laser 1 and the continuous laser 4 and the processing The curve determines where the pulsed laser light 1 acts. The invention improves the brittleness of the material through continuous laser 4 heating, so that the temperature of the material rises rapidly, is easy to control, and has high thermal efficiency. The introduction of the pulsed laser can change the solidification behavior of the molten pool formed by the continuous laser, and can achieve the purpose of precise regulation of the molten pool .
此外，本申请中所述坐标系以图3为例，图3中前方为X轴正方向，右方为Y轴正方向，上方为Z轴正方向。In addition, the coordinate system described in this application takes FIG. 3 as an example. In FIG. 3 , the front is the positive direction of the X-axis, the right is the positive direction of the Y-axis, and the top is the positive direction of the Z-axis.
实施例一Embodiment one
本实施例提供调光机架5为V字形的盒体，所述第一反射镜19和第二反射镜20垂直设置，更加优化调光机架5内部的布局，更有利于对调光机架5内部激光的方向的把控，第二反射镜20固定设于盒体内腔的折角处，第一反射镜19通过设有旋转电机18控制转动，第一振镜17和第二振镜21分别位于盒体内腔的两端，调光机架5为V字形结构，占有空间小，折线结构的盒体有利于按激光直线传播的特点，在调光机架5内部布局反射镜和振镜，节省工业空间的同时，使本装置结构更加紧凑。所述调光机架5和激光头10之间设有垂直方向的移动副，移动副为滑动导轨机构，调光机架5可依滑动导轨机构上下移动，通过调光机架5在Z轴上下移动，使脉冲激光1的焦平面与所需连续激光4的焦平面按需同时施加在基材22表面。所述工作台2上方设有CCD相机11，用以更加准确地捕捉激光，便于调控设备和作业进度。In this embodiment, the dimming frame 5 is a V-shaped box body, and the first reflector 19 and the second reflector 20 are arranged vertically, which further optimizes the internal layout of the dimming frame 5 and is more conducive to the adjustment of the dimming machine. To control the direction of the laser light inside the frame 5, the second reflector 20 is fixed at the corner of the inner cavity of the box, the first reflector 19 is controlled to rotate by a rotating motor 18, the first vibrating mirror 17 and the second vibrating mirror 21 They are respectively located at both ends of the inner cavity of the box. The dimming frame 5 is a V-shaped structure, which occupies a small space. The box body of the folded line structure is conducive to the characteristics of straight-line propagation of the laser. The reflector and the vibrating mirror are arranged inside the dimming frame 5. , while saving industrial space, the structure of the device is more compact. There is a vertical moving pair between the dimming frame 5 and the laser head 10, the moving pair is a sliding rail mechanism, the dimming frame 5 can move up and down according to the sliding rail mechanism, through the dimming frame 5 in the Z axis Move up and down so that the focal plane of the pulsed laser 1 and the required continuous laser 4 are simultaneously applied to the surface of the substrate 22 as required. A CCD camera 11 is arranged above the workbench 2 to capture the laser light more accurately, so as to facilitate the control of equipment and work progress.
实施例二Embodiment two
本实施例提供所述调光机架5和激光头10之间设有垂直方向的移动副，移动副为丝杠导轨结构，调光机架5可在丝杠导轨结构5上下移动，通过调光机架5在Z轴上下移动，使脉冲激光1的焦平面与所需连续激光4的焦平面按需同时施加在基材表面。所述脉冲激光光纤13和光纤接入口51之间设有准直***3， 为了提高脉冲激光1准直的精度，关键是使脉冲激光1的平行光束进入调光机架5时稳定性高，不能有漂移，可以分布有稳定的中心。In this embodiment, a vertically moving pair is provided between the dimming frame 5 and the laser head 10. The moving pair is a screw guide rail structure, and the dimming frame 5 can move up and down on the screw guide rail structure 5. By adjusting The optical frame 5 moves up and down on the Z axis, so that the focal plane of the pulsed laser 1 and the required continuous laser 4 are simultaneously applied to the surface of the substrate as required. A collimation system 3 is arranged between the pulsed laser fiber 13 and the fiber inlet 51. In order to improve the collimation accuracy of the pulsed laser 1, the key is to make the parallel beam of the pulsed laser 1 enter the dimming frame 5 with high stability, There can be no drift, and the distribution can have a stable center.
基于上述***的复杂轨迹下脉冲激光原位冲击辅助激光熔覆的使用方法，包括如下步骤：The method of using pulsed laser in-situ shock-assisted laser cladding under complex trajectory based on the above system includes the following steps:
Ⅰ，将基材22置于工作台2上，选择连续激光4功率、连续激光4扫描速度、输送金属粉末装置8的送粉量和输送保护气装置7的送气量等参数，根据试样加工要求在电脑中绘制加工曲线L(t)；Ⅰ. Place the base material 22 on the workbench 2, select parameters such as the power of the continuous laser 4, the scanning speed of the continuous laser 4, the powder feeding amount of the metal powder conveying device 8, and the gas feeding amount of the protective gas conveying device 7, and process according to the sample It is required to draw the processing curve L(t) in the computer;
Ⅱ，选择脉冲激光1所用的脉冲能量、脉冲频率、脉冲激光1与连续激光4间隔时间△t等参数；Ⅱ. Select parameters such as pulse energy, pulse frequency, interval time Δt between pulse laser 1 and continuous laser 4 used in pulse laser 1;
Ⅲ，由于脉冲激光器14产生的激光为不连续激光，脉冲激光1作用的位置实际上为加工曲线L(t)上的若干个点
Figure PCTCN2023070035-appb-000001
滞后或者重合于熔池，n＝f·(t-Δt)为加工曲线上的取点，取整为自然数，f为脉冲激光1的频率，△t为脉冲激光1与连续激光4间隔的时间； III. Since the laser light generated by the pulsed laser 14 is a discontinuous laser, the position where the pulsed laser 1 acts is actually several points on the processing curve L(t)
Figure PCTCN2023070035-appb-000001
Lag or overlap in the molten pool, n=f·(t-Δt) is the point on the processing curve, rounded to a natural number, f is the frequency of pulsed laser 1, Δt is the time interval between pulsed laser 1 and continuous laser 4 ;
开始加工，如图6所示，以脉冲激光1工作时刻连续激光4作用的点为原点，定义坐标系，将脉冲激光1作用的位置
Figure PCTCN2023070035-appb-000002
与原点相连，形成一条以原点为起点，经过脉冲激光1作用位置的射线，若射线与坐标系的X轴正方向形成的夹角θ位于0°≤θ<180°时进入步骤Ⅳ，当夹角位于180°≤θ<360°时进入步骤Ⅴ； Start processing, as shown in Figure 6, take the point where the continuous laser 4 acts on the pulse laser 1 as the origin, define the coordinate system, and set the position where the pulse laser 1 acts
Figure PCTCN2023070035-appb-000002
Connect with the origin to form a ray starting from the origin and passing through the action position of pulse laser 1. If the angle θ formed between the ray and the positive direction of the X-axis of the coordinate system is 0°≤θ<180°, enter step IV. Enter step V when the angle is 180°≤θ<360°;
举例示意：△t为脉冲激光1与连续激光4间隔的时间，当△t＝0时，脉冲激光1作用的位置与连续激光4作用的位置重合。当△t为0时，若f＝1Hz，在0≤t<1s内有且仅有一个脉冲激光点作用即为L(0)，在2≤t<3s有且仅有一个脉冲激光点作用，即为L(2)；若f＝10Hz时，在0≤t<1s内有十个脉冲激光点作用，分别为L(0)、L(0.1)、L(0.2)、L(0.3)、L(0.4)、L(0.5)、L(0.6)、L(0.7)、L(0.8)、L(0.9)，在2≤t<3s内也有十个脉冲激光点作用，分别为L(2.0)、L(2.1)、L(2.2)、L(2.3)、L(2.4)、L(2.5)、L(2.6)、L(2.7)、L(2.8)、L(2.9)；For example: Δt is the interval time between the pulsed laser 1 and the continuous laser 4, when Δt=0, the position where the pulsed laser 1 acts coincides with the position where the continuous laser 4 acts. When △t is 0, if f=1Hz, there is one and only one pulsed laser point within 0≤t<1s, which is L(0), and there is one and only one pulsed laser point within 2≤t<3s. , which is L(2); if f=10Hz, there are ten pulsed laser points within 0≤t<1s, respectively L(0), L(0.1), L(0.2), L(0.3) , L(0.4), L(0.5), L(0.6), L(0.7), L(0.8), L(0.9), there are also ten pulse laser points within 2≤t<3s, which are L 2.0), L(2.1), L(2.2), L(2.3), L(2.4), L(2.5), L(2.6), L(2.7), L(2.8), L(2.9);
当△t为其它值时，连续激光4出光△t时间段后，脉冲激光才开始出光。此时，脉冲激光1作用在基材22表面的位置点为
Figure PCTCN2023070035-appb-000003
仍由加工曲线的起始点出发， 滞后于连续激光4作用的点L(t)。当△t为0.4s时，若f＝1Hz，在0≤t<1s内有且仅有一个脉冲激光点作用即为L(0)，在2≤t<3s有且仅有一个脉冲激光点作用，即为L(2)；若f＝10Hz，在0≤t<1s内仅有六个脉冲激光点作用，分别为L(0)、L(0.1)、L(0.2)、L(0.3)、L(0.4)、L(0.5)。当△t为0.4s时，若f＝10Hz，在2≤t<3s内有十个脉冲激光点作用，分别为L(1.6)、L(1.7)、L(1.8)、L(1.9)、L(2.0)、L(2.1)、L(2.2)、L(2.3)、L(2.4)、L(2.5)。当连续激光4加工完成后，脉冲激光1仍继续工作△t时间，直至将曲线上所需加工的位置点加工完毕。 When Δt is other values, the pulse laser starts to emit light after the continuous laser 4 emits light for a period of Δt. At this time, the position point where the pulsed laser 1 acts on the surface of the substrate 22 is
Figure PCTCN2023070035-appb-000003
Still starting from the starting point of the processing curve, it lags behind the point L(t) at which the continuous laser 4 acts. When △t is 0.4s, if f=1Hz, there is one and only one pulsed laser spot in 0≤t<1s, which is L(0), and there is one and only one pulsed laser spot in 2≤t<3s The effect is L(2); if f=10Hz, there are only six pulsed laser points within 0≤t<1s, which are L(0), L(0.1), L(0.2), L(0.3 ), L(0.4), L(0.5). When △t is 0.4s, if f=10Hz, there are ten pulsed laser points within 2≤t<3s, which are L(1.6), L(1.7), L(1.8), L(1.9), L(2.0), L(2.1), L(2.2), L(2.3), L(2.4), L(2.5). After the processing of the continuous laser 4 is completed, the pulsed laser 1 continues to work for Δt until the required processing points on the curve are processed.
Ⅳ，如图4所示，当夹角位于0°≤θ<180°时，脉冲激光1作用的位置在原点亦即连续激光4右侧，此时，如果电子计算机16显示旋转电机18已经偏转，则逆时针旋转90°使旋转电机18达到复位状态，使第一反射镜19平行于第二反射镜20，由脉冲激光光纤13引入的入射脉冲激光经由第一反射镜19打到第二反射镜20上，经第二反射镜20反射后形成射入第二振镜的激光211，此时，由第二振镜21将脉冲激光1打到工作台22上指定位置；IV, as shown in Figure 4, when the included angle is at 0°≤θ<180°, the position where the pulsed laser 1 acts is at the origin, that is, the right side of the continuous laser 4, at this time, if the electronic computer 16 shows that the rotating motor 18 has deflected , then rotate counterclockwise 90 ° to make the rotating motor 18 reach the reset state, so that the first reflector 19 is parallel to the second reflector 20, and the incident pulsed laser light introduced by the pulsed laser fiber 13 hits the second reflector through the first reflector 19 On the mirror 20, the laser light 211 injected into the second vibrating mirror is formed after being reflected by the second reflecting mirror 20. At this time, the second vibrating mirror 21 beats the pulse laser 1 to the designated position on the workbench 22;
Ⅴ，如图5所示，当夹角位于180°≤θ<360°时，脉冲激光1作用的位置在原点亦即连续激光左侧，此时，若电子计算机16显示旋转电机18处于复位状态，则控制旋转电机18顺时针旋转90°使第一反射镜19由平行于第二反射镜20调整为垂直于第二反射镜20，由脉冲激光光纤13引入的入射脉冲激光131经由第一反射镜19形成射入第一振镜的激光171，由第一振镜17将脉冲激光1打到工作台22上指定位置。V, as shown in Figure 5, when the included angle is 180°≤θ<360°, the position where the pulse laser 1 acts is at the origin, that is, the left side of the continuous laser. At this time, if the electronic computer 16 displays that the rotating motor 18 is in the reset state , then the rotating motor 18 is controlled to rotate 90° clockwise so that the first reflector 19 is adjusted to be perpendicular to the second reflector 20 by being parallel to the second reflector 20, and the incident pulsed laser 131 introduced by the pulsed laser fiber 13 passes through the first reflection The mirror 19 forms a laser beam 171 that is incident on the first vibrating mirror, and the first vibrating mirror 17 sends the pulsed laser light 1 to a designated position on the worktable 22 .
其中，旋转电机18调整时间应在脉冲激光1间隔内，不大于0.1秒，脉冲作用时间仅为几百纳秒，所以在0.1秒以内调整，以免对设备造成损坏。Among them, the adjustment time of the rotary motor 18 should be within the interval of the pulse laser 1, not more than 0.1 second, and the pulse action time is only a few hundred nanoseconds, so it should be adjusted within 0.1 second to avoid damage to the equipment.
可以理解，本发明是通过一些实施例进行描述的，本领域技术人员知悉的，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下，可以对这些特征和实施例进行各种改变或等效替换。另外，在本发明的教导下，可以对这些特征和实施例进行修改以适应具体的情况及材料而不会脱离本发明的精神和范围。因此，本发明不受此处所公开的具体实施例的限制，所有落入本申请的权利要求范围内的实施例都属于本发明所保护的范围内。It can be understood that the present invention is described through some embodiments, and those skilled in the art know that various changes or equivalent substitutions can be made to these features and embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. In addition, the features and embodiments may be modified to adapt a particular situation and material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed here, and all embodiments falling within the scope of the claims of the present application belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

  1. 一种脉冲激光原位冲击辅助激光熔覆装置，包括电子计算机(16)，其特征在于：所述电子计算机(16)控制有激光熔覆制造模块和脉冲激光调光模块；激光熔覆制造模块包括连续激光器(15)和移动架(9)，连续激光器(15)通过设有连续激光光纤(12)对接有激光头(10)，激光头(10)垂直固定于移动架(9)，激光头(10)配设有水冷装置(6)、输送保护气装置(7)和输送金属粉末装置(8)，激光头(10)下方设有工作台(2)；脉冲激光调光模块包括脉冲激光器(14)和调光机架(5)，调光机架(5)外壁设有光纤接入口(51)，脉冲激光器(14)通过设有脉冲激光光纤(13)连接光纤接入口(51)，光纤接入口(51)配设有可往复转动的第一反射镜(19)，第一反射镜(19)的两侧分别设有第一振镜(17)和第二反射镜(20)，第二反射镜(20)在第一振镜(17)所在的另一侧设有第二振镜(21),所述调光机架(5)为V字形的盒体，第二反射镜(20)固定设于盒体内腔的折角处，第一反射镜(19)通过设有旋转电机(18)控制转动，第一振镜(17)和第二振镜(21)分别位于盒体内腔的两端。A pulsed laser in-situ impact assisted laser cladding device, comprising an electronic computer (16), characterized in that: the electronic computer (16) controls a laser cladding manufacturing module and a pulsed laser dimming module; the laser cladding manufacturing module Comprising a continuous laser (15) and a moving frame (9), the continuous laser (15) is connected with a laser head (10) through a continuous laser fiber (12), the laser head (10) is vertically fixed on the moving frame (9), and the laser The head (10) is equipped with a water cooling device (6), a protective gas conveying device (7) and a metal powder conveying device (8), and a working table (2) is provided under the laser head (10); the pulse laser dimming module includes a pulse The laser (14) and the dimming frame (5), the outer wall of the dimming frame (5) is provided with an optical fiber inlet (51), and the pulsed laser (14) is connected to the optical fiber inlet (51) by being provided with a pulsed laser optical fiber (13). ), the fiber inlet (51) is equipped with a reciprocatingly rotatable first reflector (19), and the first reflector (17) and the second reflector (20) are respectively arranged on both sides of the first reflector (19). ), the second reflecting mirror (20) is provided with a second vibrating mirror (21) on the other side where the first vibrating mirror (17) is located, and the dimming frame (5) is a V-shaped box body, the second The reflector (20) is fixedly arranged at the corner of the inner cavity of the box, the first reflector (19) is controlled to rotate by a rotating motor (18), and the first oscillating mirror (17) and the second oscillating mirror (21) are respectively located at Both ends of the inner cavity of the box.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的脉冲激光原位冲击辅助激光熔覆装置，其特征在于，所述第一反射镜(19)和第二反射镜(20)垂直设置。The pulsed laser in-situ shock-assisted laser cladding device according to claim 1, characterized in that the first reflector (19) and the second reflector (20) are arranged vertically.
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的脉冲激光原位冲击辅助激光熔覆装置，其特征在于，所述调光机架(5)和激光头(10)之间设有垂直方向的移动副。The pulsed laser in-situ impact-assisted laser cladding device according to claim 1, characterized in that a vertical moving pair is arranged between the light adjusting frame (5) and the laser head (10).
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的脉冲激光原位冲击辅助激光熔覆装置，其特征在于，所述脉冲激光光纤(13)和光纤接入口(51)之间设有准直***(3)。The pulsed laser in-situ impact-assisted laser cladding device according to claim 1, characterized in that a collimation system (3) is provided between the pulsed laser fiber (13) and the fiber inlet (51).
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的脉冲激光原位冲击辅助激光熔覆装置，其特征在于，所述工作台(2)上方设有CCD相机(11)。The pulsed laser in-situ shock-assisted laser cladding device according to claim 1, characterized in that a CCD camera (11) is arranged above the workbench (2).
  6. 一种脉冲激光原位冲击辅助激光熔覆装置使用方法，其特征在于，包括权利要求1-5中任意一项所述的脉冲激光原位冲击辅助激光熔覆装置，具体步骤为：A method for using a pulse laser in-situ impact-assisted laser cladding device, characterized in that it comprises the pulse laser in-situ impact-assisted laser cladding device described in any one of claims 1-5, and the specific steps are:
    Ⅰ，将基材(22)置于工作台(2)上，选择连续激光(4)功率、连续激光(4)扫描速度、输送金属粉末装置(8)的送粉量和输送保护气装置(7)的送气量，根据试样加工要求在电子计算机(16)中绘制加工曲线；Ⅰ. Place the substrate (22) on the workbench (2), select the power of the continuous laser (4), the scanning speed of the continuous laser (4), the powder feeding amount of the metal powder conveying device (8) and the shielding gas conveying device ( 7) The air delivery rate is drawn in the electronic computer (16) according to the sample processing requirements;
    Ⅱ，按需配设脉冲激光(1)所用的脉冲能量、脉冲频率、脉冲激光(1)与连续 激光(4)间隔时间；Ⅱ. Configure the pulse energy, pulse frequency, pulse laser (1) and continuous laser (4) interval time used by the pulse laser (1) as required;
    Ⅲ，开始加工，以脉冲激光(1)工作时刻连续激光(4)作用的点为原点，建立坐标系，将脉冲激光(1)作用的位置与原点相连，形成一条以原点为起点，经过脉冲激光(1)作用位置的射线，若射线与坐标系的X轴正方向形成的夹角θ位于0°≤θ<180°时进入步骤Ⅳ，当夹角θ位于180°≤θ<360°时进入步骤Ⅴ；Ⅲ, start processing, take the point where the pulsed laser (1) acts on the continuous laser (4) as the origin, establish a coordinate system, connect the position where the pulsed laser (1) acts with the origin, and form a line starting from the origin, passing through the pulse For the ray at the action position of the laser (1), if the angle θ formed between the ray and the positive direction of the X-axis of the coordinate system is 0°≤θ<180°, enter step IV; when the angle θ is 180°≤θ<360° Go to step Ⅴ;
    Ⅳ，当夹角θ位于0°≤θ<180°时，脉冲激光(1)作用的位置在原点亦即连续激光(4)右侧，此时，如果旋转电机(18)已经偏转，则逆时针旋转90°使旋转电机(18)达到复位状态使第一反射镜(19)平行于第二反射镜(20)，由脉冲激光光纤(13)引入的入射脉冲激光(131)经由第一反射镜(19)打到第二反射镜(20)上，经第二反射镜(20)反射后形成射入第二振镜的激光(211)，此时，由第二振镜(21)将脉冲激光(1)打到指定位置；Ⅳ. When the included angle θ is at 0°≤θ<180°, the position where the pulse laser (1) acts is at the origin, that is, the right side of the continuous laser (4). At this time, if the rotating motor (18) has been deflected, the reverse The hour hand rotates 90 ° to make the rotary motor (18) reach the reset state so that the first reflector (19) is parallel to the second reflector (20), and the incident pulsed laser (131) introduced by the pulsed laser fiber (13) passes through the first reflection The mirror (19) hits on the second reflector (20), forms the laser light (211) that injects into the second vibrating mirror after being reflected by the second reflecting mirror (20), at this moment, the laser light (211) injected into the second vibrating mirror (21) is formed The pulse laser (1) hits the designated position;
    Ⅴ，当夹角θ位于180°≤θ<360°时，脉冲激光(1)作用的位置在原点亦即连续激光(4)左侧，此时，若旋转电机(18)处于复位状态，则控制旋转电机(18)顺时针旋转90°使第一反射镜(19)由平行于第二反射镜(20)调整为垂直于第二反射镜(20)，此时，由脉冲激光光纤(13)引入的入射脉冲激光(131)经由第一反射镜(19)形成射入第一振镜的激光(171)，由第一振镜(17)将脉冲激光(1)打到指定位置。V. When the included angle θ is at 180°≤θ<360°, the position where the pulse laser (1) acts is at the origin, that is, the left side of the continuous laser (4). At this time, if the rotating motor (18) is in the reset state, then Control the rotating motor (18) to rotate clockwise 90 ° to make the first reflector (19) be adjusted to be perpendicular to the second reflector (20) by being parallel to the second reflector (20), at this moment, by the pulsed laser fiber (13 ) into the incident pulsed laser light (131) through the first reflector (19) to form the laser light (171) that enters the first vibrating mirror, and the pulsed laser light (1) is driven to the designated position by the first vibrating mirror (17).
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的脉冲激光原位冲击辅助激光熔覆装置使用方法，其特征在于，所述旋转电机(18)调整时间在脉冲激光(1)工作间隔内，不大于0.1秒。The method of using the pulse laser in-situ impact-assisted laser cladding device according to claim 6, characterized in that the adjustment time of the rotating motor (18) is within the working interval of the pulse laser (1), and is not more than 0.1 second.
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