WO2023160103A1 - 改善温度均一性的烧结*** - Google Patents

改善温度均一性的烧结*** Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023160103A1
WO2023160103A1 PCT/CN2022/135946 CN2022135946W WO2023160103A1 WO 2023160103 A1 WO2023160103 A1 WO 2023160103A1 CN 2022135946 W CN2022135946 W CN 2022135946W WO 2023160103 A1 WO2023160103 A1 WO 2023160103A1
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Prior art keywords
preheating
air
atmosphere furnace
sintering system
furnace
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PCT/CN2022/135946
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English (en)
French (fr)
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方庆城
蔡勇
刘伟健
黄东
阮丁山
李长东
Original Assignee
广东邦普循环科技有限公司
湖南邦普循环科技有限公司
湖南邦普汽车循环有限公司
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Publication of WO2023160103A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023160103A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/04—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity adapted for treating the charge in vacuum or special atmosphere
    • F27B9/045—Furnaces with controlled atmosphere
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/12—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity with special arrangements for preheating or cooling the charge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/14—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment
    • F27B9/20—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace
    • F27B9/24—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace being carried by a conveyor
    • F27B9/2407—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace being carried by a conveyor the conveyor being constituted by rollers (roller hearth furnace)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/30—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B9/36—Arrangements of heating devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/30—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B9/40—Arrangements of controlling or monitoring devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D7/00—Forming, maintaining, or circulating atmospheres in heating chambers
    • F27D7/06—Forming or maintaining special atmospheres or vacuum within heating chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/12—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity with special arrangements for preheating or cooling the charge
    • F27B2009/122—Preheating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D7/00—Forming, maintaining, or circulating atmospheres in heating chambers
    • F27D7/06—Forming or maintaining special atmospheres or vacuum within heating chambers
    • F27D2007/063—Special atmospheres, e.g. high pressure atmospheres

Definitions

  • the application relates to the field of atmosphere sintering equipment, in particular to a sintering system for improving temperature uniformity.
  • Lithium-ion batteries have the characteristics of high energy density, long cycle life, high rate capability, no pollution and no memory effect, etc., which make lithium batteries widely used.
  • the cathode material is one of the key factors determining the performance of lithium-ion batteries.
  • the preparation of positive electrode materials is generally synthesized by high-temperature solid-state sintering method in industrialization.
  • Conventional roller kilns, atmosphere roller kilns, rotary kilns and other atmosphere furnaces are often used for sintering materials for sintering.
  • the sintering process is one of the core processes, and the temperature uniformity of the furnace plays a key role in the sintering results of the material. If the temperature uniformity is poor and the temperature fluctuation is large, the fired The batches of positive electrode materials vary greatly, and the material structure and performance are unstable. Therefore, it is critical to control the furnace temperature stability and uniformity during the sintering process.
  • the furnaces used by most manufacturers of lithium-ion cathode materials are generally single-layer six-row or double-layer four-row roller kilns. If the kiln is multi-layer and multi-row, especially when calcining materials with more than three layers and four rows, there is often a big difference between the temperature of the middle layer and the two side rows and the temperature of the upper and lower layers and the middle row, which will make the internal Insufficient contact of materials with air or oxygen and uneven sintering temperature will inevitably lead to inconsistent performance of external materials and internal materials, thereby reducing product quality and even deteriorating battery performance after the product is made into a battery.
  • This application aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. For this reason, this application proposes a sintering system with improved temperature uniformity, which can solve the problems that the existing multi-layer and multi-row atmosphere furnace cannot guarantee the internal temperature uniformity, the existing preheating method has poor effect, and is not energy-saving and environmentally friendly.
  • the sintering system for improving temperature uniformity includes: a multi-layer and multi-row atmosphere furnace, and a plurality of bottom air inlets and side air inlets are evenly distributed on the atmosphere furnace, and the side air
  • the air inlet is provided with a ventilation mechanism, and the ventilation mechanism is provided with three mutually perpendicular and intersecting first air passages, second air passages and third air passages, one end of the first air passage is connected to the side air intake mouth, the other end of the first air passage, the two ends of the second air passage and the two ends of the third air passage are all located inside the atmosphere furnace;
  • a preheating unit includes a primary preheating pipeline and a secondary preheating pipeline, the primary preheating pipeline is connected to the secondary preheating pipeline, the secondary preheating pipeline is respectively connected to the bottom air inlet and the side air inlet, the primary The heating source of the preheating pipeline is the waste heat of the material in the cooling section, and the heating source of the secondary
  • the sintering system for improving temperature uniformity has at least the following technical effects: the embodiment of the application adopts a two-stage preheating method to heat the gas input into the atmosphere furnace, and the first-stage preheating pipeline uses the cooling section
  • the residual heat of the material preliminarily heats the intake gas, which not only plays a preheating role, but also promotes the cooling of the material to be discharged, saving the gas consumption in the cooling section.
  • the secondary preheating pipe heats the preheated gas through the heat of the furnace wall, which can It greatly reduces the problem of excessive temperature difference in the cross-section of the atmosphere furnace caused by the input of low-temperature gas, which not only saves energy but also improves the utilization rate of heat.
  • the side heating device on the inner wall of the atmosphere furnace can compensate the heat loss caused by the heat transfer between the side and the outside, and solve the problem of insufficient heat on the side due to the high furnace chamber, increasing the uniform and stable temperature inside the furnace chamber.
  • the side air inlet is equipped with a six-way ventilation mechanism with one inlet and five outlets. Compared with the conventional direct injection air inlet, it can disperse the inlet airflow, ensure a stable atmosphere, greatly improve the uniformity of the temperature field, and avoid dust.
  • the side heating device and the ventilation mechanism on the side air inlet can maintain the uniformity of the internal temperature of the multi-layer and multi-column atmosphere furnace, improve product quality, and the preheating method is energy-saving and environmentally friendly.
  • the secondary preheating pipeline includes a secondary preheating branch pipe and a plurality of secondary preheating branch pipes corresponding to the side air inlets one by one, and the secondary preheating branch pipes are respectively One end of multiple secondary preheating branch pipes is connected, and the other ends of the secondary preheating branch pipes are respectively connected to corresponding side air inlets.
  • the secondary preheating main branch pipe is connected to the secondary preheating branch pipe through an annular preheating pipe, and the annular preheating pipe is located in a furnace wall of the atmosphere furnace.
  • an air intake control unit is also included, the air intake control unit includes a controller, a side flow meter and a plurality of solenoid valves, the side flow meter is arranged between the secondary preheating main branch pipe and Between the secondary preheating branch pipes, a plurality of solenoid valves are respectively arranged in the secondary preheating branch pipes, and the side flow meter is connected to the controller for feedback of the side air intake flow.
  • the controllers are respectively connected to the control ends of the plurality of solenoid valves for switching between continuous air intake and indirect air intake.
  • the primary preheating pipelines are arranged in a U-shaped bend.
  • the plurality of side air inlets correspond to each sagger of the atmosphere furnace one by one, and the height of the side air inlets is flush with the opening position of the corresponding atmosphere furnace sagger.
  • the inner diameter of the first airway is larger than the inner diameters of the second airway and the third airway.
  • the side heating device adopts a U-shaped heating rod.
  • the first gas channel is parallel to the horizontal direction of the atmosphere furnace, and the two ends of the second gas channel face the inner top and inner bottom of the atmosphere furnace.
  • the auxiliary heating unit further includes a top heating device and a bottom heating device, the top heating device is installed on the inner top of the atmosphere furnace, and the bottom heating device is installed on the inner top of the atmosphere furnace inner bottom.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic front view of a sintering system for improving temperature uniformity in an embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic side view of a sintering system for improving temperature uniformity in an embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the ventilation mechanism in the embodiment of the present application.
  • atmosphere furnace 100 bottom air inlet 110, bottom air inlet pipe 111 of preheating section, bottom flow meter 112 of preheating section, side air inlet 120, first air passage 121, second air passage 122, third air passage Air duct 123, primary preheating pipeline 210, secondary preheating pipeline 220, secondary preheating main branch pipe 221, secondary preheating branch pipe 222, annular preheating pipe 223, side heating device 310, top heating device 320, Bottom heating device 330 , side flow meter 410 , solenoid valve 420 , air intake pipe 510 , bottom flow meter 520 , cooling section air inlet 530 , cooling section bottom air intake pipe 540 , and exhaust system 600 .
  • orientation descriptions such as up, down, front, back, left, right, etc. indicated orientations or positional relationships are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for It is convenient to describe the application and simplify the description, but not to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the application.
  • a sintering system for improving temperature uniformity includes: a multi-layer and multi-row atmosphere furnace 100 , a preheating unit and an auxiliary heating unit.
  • a plurality of bottom air inlets 110 and side air inlets 120 are evenly distributed on the atmosphere furnace 100 , and the top of the atmosphere furnace 100 is connected to an exhaust system 600 .
  • the preheating unit adopts a two-stage preheating structure, including a primary preheating pipeline 210 and a secondary preheating pipeline 220.
  • the primary preheating pipeline 210 is connected to the intake pipe 500 to input sintering gas at normal temperature, such as compressed air/oxygen, and the intake pipe 510 Connect the three-way joint, one end of which is connected to the flowmeter 520 at the bottom of the cooling section, and then enters the kiln cold section C through multiple cooling section air inlets 530; the other end is connected to the first-level preheating pipeline 210, and the first-level preheating pipeline 210 is U-shaped and arranged on the side of the cooling section C of the kiln.
  • the waste heat of the material in the cooling section is used to heat the intake gas, which not only plays a preheating role, but also promotes the cooling of the material to be discharged, saving the gas consumption of the cooling section.
  • the other end of the primary preheating pipeline 210 is connected to the secondary preheating pipeline 220 to start the preheating of the second stage, the heating source of the second stage preheating is the heat provided by the furnace wall, and the secondary preheating pipeline 220 includes the secondary preheating The main branch pipe 221, the annular preheating pipe 223 and a plurality of secondary preheating branch pipes 222 corresponding to the side air inlets 120 one by one, the annular preheating pipe 223 is located in the furnace wall of the atmosphere furnace 100, and the secondary preheating main branch pipe 221 is connected to one end of the annular preheating pipe 223 , and the other end of the annular preheating pipe 223 is respectively connected to the secondary preheating branch pipe 222 , and the annular preheating pipe 223 is close to the furnace wall of the atmosphere furnace 100 .
  • the second-stage preheating is that the gas that has been preheated in the first stage is further heated through the annular preheating pipe 223 in the furnace wall, and then passes through each secondary preheating branch pipe 222 enters the corresponding side air inlet 120, and the second-stage preheating is to heat the preheated gas through the heat of the furnace wall.
  • the problem of excessive temperature difference of the kiln section caused by the input of low-temperature gas can be greatly reduced, which not only saves energy but also Improve heat utilization.
  • this application is provided with a ventilation mechanism on the side air inlet 120.
  • the ventilation mechanism adopts an octagonal six-way structure with one inlet and five outlets.
  • the two ends of the channel 122 and the third gas channel 123 are located inside the atmosphere furnace 100 as gas outlets.
  • the ventilation mechanism with this structure can disperse the intake air flow and ensure the stability of the atmosphere. At the same time, it can greatly improve the uniformity of the temperature field. Sex and avoid dust.
  • the auxiliary heating unit has multiple side heating devices 310, which are evenly distributed on the inner wall of the atmosphere furnace 100, and the side heating devices 310 use U-shaped heating rods, which not only compensate for the heat caused by the heat transfer between the side and the outside Loss, and solve the problem of insufficient heat on the side due to the high furnace chamber, and increase the uniform and stable temperature inside the furnace chamber.
  • the first gas passage 121 is parallel to the horizontal direction of the atmosphere furnace 100, and the two ends of the second gas passage 122 are towards the inner top and inner bottom of the atmosphere furnace 100, so the five gas outlets are respectively aligned with the front and rear of the furnace.
  • the inner diameter of the first air channel 121 is larger than that of the second air channel 122 and the third air channel 123 .
  • the intake air flow is divided into five streams, the largest air stream is blown to the middle of the furnace, and the other four small air streams are dispersed to the side of the furnace cavity, and the air intake from the side is divided into five streams, which are mainly blown to the middle of the furnace, and some other Scatter to the side, drive the side heat to diffuse, make the side and middle heat approach, the temperature of the furnace cavity is more uniform, and it can also promote the side exhaust gas to be taken out in time to improve product quality.
  • an air intake control unit in order to realize the air delivery control of continuous-indirect air intake, an air intake control unit is also included, and the air intake control unit includes a controller, a side flow meter 410 and a plurality of solenoid valves 420, the side flow meter 410 and A plurality of solenoid valves 420 are arranged between the secondary preheating main branch pipe 221 and the annular preheating pipe 223, and the side flow meter 410 is connected to the controller for feedback of the side intake flow, and the controller is respectively connected to the ports of the plurality of solenoid valves 420.
  • the controller adopts a PLC controller.
  • the switching frequency of the solenoid valve 420 is controlled through the PLC program to achieve direct continuous air intake or indirect air intake.
  • the temperature zone that requires continuous air intake will continue to intake air.
  • the temperature zone that needs continuous air intake is designed as indirect air intake according to the PLC program, which can reduce the amount of side air intake and save energy.
  • the primary preheating pipeline 210 is arranged in a U-shaped bend, and the U-shaped curved primary preheating pipeline 210 can greatly increase the gas heating area and improve the primary preheating effect.
  • Multiple side air inlets 120 correspond to each sagger of the atmosphere furnace 100 one by one.
  • the side air inlets 120 are arranged at intervals from top to bottom and have the same height as the corresponding saggers.
  • the waste gas and waste water generated by the material reaction in the middle part of the sagger can be discharged in time, which improves the gas exchange efficiency, promotes the positive reaction of the material, and improves the quality of the sintered material.
  • the auxiliary heating unit also includes a top heating device 320 and a bottom heating device 330, the top heating device 320 and the bottom heating device 330 all adopt heating rods, the top heating device 320 is installed on the inner top of the atmosphere furnace 100, and the bottom heating device 330 is installed on The inner bottom of the atmosphere furnace 100, of course, can also be an atmosphere furnace with a top heating rod and a bottom heating rod.
  • the material direction is from left to right to complete sintering. If high-temperature sintering is carried out, firstly, the sintering compressed air/oxygen enters through the inlet pipe 510, and then the inlet pipe 510 is divided into two paths, one of which enters the kiln through the inlet pipe 540 at the bottom of the cooling section of the kiln and multiple inlets 530 of the cooling section
  • the cooling section C of the furnace takes away heat through the exhaust system 600 to promote the cooling of the fired material, and the flow meter 520 at the bottom of the cooling section can control the amount of air intake at the bottom of the cooling section C.
  • the other path passes through the first-level preheating pipeline 210, and the U-shaped curved arrangement of the first-level preheating pipeline can greatly increase the gas heating area and improve the first-level preheating effect.
  • the primary preheating of the intake gas is completed under the action of the waste heat of the material, and the compressed air/oxygen after the primary preheating is divided into two paths through the secondary preheating main branch pipe 221, and one path enters the annular preheating pipe 223 and the secondary preheating branch Pipe 222, wherein the side flowmeter 410 and solenoid valve 420 on one end of the annular preheating pipe 223 can control and monitor the side air intake, and the secondary preheating gas is quantitatively injected into the furnace chamber through a plurality of side air inlets 120 ;
  • the other way passes through the bottom flow meter 112 of the preheating section and the bottom air inlet pipe 111 of the preheating section, and enters the furnace from several bottom air inlets 110 .
  • the secondary preheating pipe 220 is made of ceramics, which can withstand high temperature and further heats the gas under the action of the heat of the furnace wall, and the ring design can greatly increase the heating length, so as to realize the secondary preheating of the higher temperature of the intake gas. Since the gas entering the side has been preheated in two stages, the adverse effect on sintering caused by the poor temperature uniformity caused by the low inlet temperature is alleviated, and the temperature uniformity and product quality of the kiln are greatly improved.
  • the side auxiliary heating is designed.
  • U-shaped heating rods and thermocouples for temperature control are installed on the walls of each temperature zone.
  • the power output and temperature of the heating rod are controlled by electric heating, which can provide heat for both sides of the furnace chamber, solve the problem of insufficient heat on the side due to the high furnace chamber, and make the heat loss caused by heat transfer between the side and the outside better. Compensation to promote the uniformity and stability of the temperature on both sides of the furnace and the temperature in the middle of the furnace.
  • a plurality of side air inlets 120 are arranged at intervals from top to bottom and are consistent with the height of the sagger, so that the gas entering the furnace cavity can pass through the top of each layer of notch sagger, so that the side air intake is connected to the bottom of the sagger.
  • the intake air forms a heat diffusion vortex, which makes the temperature of each layer more uniform, and can take out the waste gas generated by the material reaction, and at the same time replenish new gas, so that the multi-layer materials can fully contact with the gas, and promote the positive reaction of the material. Improve product pass rate.
  • an octahedral six-way ventilation mechanism is installed on the side air inlet 120, which disperses the side airflow into five strands, which are mainly blown to the middle of the furnace, and some are scattered to the two sides to drive the side heat to diffuse. , so that the heat from the side and the middle is approached, the temperature of the furnace cavity is more uniform, and it can also promote the exhaust gas from the side to be taken out in time to improve product quality.
  • this application can achieve better control of the temperature uniformity of the multi-layer and multi-row kiln through the synergistic effect of the preheating unit, auxiliary heating unit, octahedral six-way structure ventilation mechanism and intake control unit. ,details as follows;
  • a two-stage preheating system is designed.
  • the preheating of the intake gas is carried out in two stages.
  • the first stage preliminarily uses the waste heat of the material in the cooling section to heat the intake gas, which not only plays a role in preheating, but also promotes the cooling of the material to be discharged, saving the gas consumption in the cooling section;
  • the secondary preheating is to heat the preheated gas through the heat of the furnace wall. At this time, the problem of excessive temperature difference of the kiln cross-section caused by the input of low-temperature gas can be greatly reduced, which not only saves energy but also improves the utilization rate of heat;
  • the side heating device 310 in the auxiliary heating unit not only compensates the heat loss caused by the heat transfer between the side and the outside, but also solves the problem of insufficient heat on the side due to the high furnace chamber, increasing the uniform and stable temperature inside the furnace chamber;
  • the side air intake is provided with continuous air intake and intermittent air intake modes. According to the process requirements, direct continuous air intake or indirect air intake can be set.
  • the continuous air intake and intermittent air intake are controlled by the PLC program of the solenoid valve 420. This system can disperse the air flow rate and gas volume and improve the temperature uniformity of the kiln;
  • the side air inlet 120 is equipped with an octahedral six-way ventilation mechanism, so that the side air intake is an unconventional direct injection type, so that the air intake air is dispersed and the atmosphere is stable. At the same time, this can greatly improve the uniformity of the temperature field and avoid dust.
  • a plurality of side air inlets 120 are arranged at intervals from top to bottom.
  • the height of several air inlets is basically the same as the height of each layer of saggers. Under the synergy of side air inlets and bottom air inlets, it is ensured that the materials in the middle sagger will be produced by reaction.
  • the waste gas and waste water can be discharged in time, which improves the gas exchange efficiency, promotes the positive reaction of materials, and improves the quality of sintered materials.

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Tunnel Furnaces (AREA)

Abstract

本申请公开了一种改善温度均一性的烧结***，包括：多层多列的气氛炉、两级结构的预热单元和侧面加热装置，采用两级预热方式对输入气氛炉的气体进行加热，一级预热不仅起到预热作用，同时也可促使待出炉物料冷却，节约冷却段用气量，二级预热不仅节能而且提高热量利用率。侧面加热装置可以补偿侧面与外界热传递导致的热量损失，而且解决了因炉膛较高导致侧面热量不足的情况，增加炉腔内部温度均一稳定。通气机构可以使得进气气流分散，保障气氛稳定，可大大提高温度场均一性，还能够避免扬尘。通过两级预热、侧面加热装置和侧面进气口上的通气机构可以保持多层多列气氛炉内部温度的均一性，提高产品质量。

Description

改善温度均一性的烧结*** 技术领域
本申请涉及气氛烧结设备领域，具体的涉及一种改善温度均一性的烧结***。
背景技术
锂离子电池具有能量密度高、循环寿命长、倍率性大、无公害无记忆效应等特点，使得锂电池得到了广泛应用，另外正极材料是决定锂离子电池性能的关键因素之一。正极材料的制备目前产业化普遍使用高温固相烧结法合成，烧结时常使用常规辊道窑，气氛辊道窑，回转窑等气氛炉进行材料煅烧。而且，在正极材料的生产过程中，烧结工序是最核心的工序之一，而炉子温度均一性对材料烧结结果起到关键性作用，如果温度均一性较差，温度波动大，则烧出来的正极材料批次差异较大，材料结构和性能不稳定。因此，控制烧结过程炉子温度稳定性和均一性至关重要。
目前，大多数锂离子正极材料厂家使用的炉子一般为单层六列或双层四列辊道窑。如果窑炉为多层多列时，特别是在三层和四列以上物料的煅烧时，往往中间层和两边列的温度与上下层和中间列的温度存在不小差距，会使得处于内部的物料跟空气或氧气接触不充分以及烧结温度不均匀的情况，这必然会导致外部物料和内部物料性能不一致，从而降低产品品质，甚至导致产品在做成电池后电池性能恶化。
部分厂家为了解决这一问题通过电加热的方式对进气进行预热后再送入辊道窑，但预热手段单一、预热效果不佳，并且采用电加热的方式进行预热能耗高、不符合节能环保的要求。
发明内容
以下是对本文详细描述的主题的概述。本概述并非是为了限制权利要求的保护范围。
本申请旨在至少解决现有技术中存在的技术问题之一。为此，本申请提出一种改善温度均一性的烧结***，能够解决现有的多层多列气氛炉无法保证内部温度均一性，现有预热方式效果差、不节能环保的问题。
根据本申请第一方面实施例的改善温度均一性的烧结***，包括：多层多列的气氛炉，所述气氛炉上均匀分布有多个底部进气口和侧面进气口，所述侧面进气口上设置有通气机构，所述通气机构内设置有三条互相垂直且交叉的第一气道、第二气道和第三气道，所述第一气道的一端连接所述侧面进气口，所述第一气道的另一端、第二气道的两端和第三气道的两端皆位于所述气氛炉内部；预热单元，所述预热单元包括一级预热管道和二级预热管道，所述一级预热管道连接所述二级预热管道，所述二级预热管道分别连接所述底部进气口和所述侧面进气口，所述一级预热管道的加热源为冷却段物料余热，所述二级预热管道的加热源为气氛炉炉壁的热量；辅助加热单元，所述辅助加热单元包括多个侧面加热装置，多个所述侧面加热装置均匀分布在所述气氛炉的内侧壁。
根据本申请第一方面实施例的改善温度均一性的烧结***，至少具有如下技术效果：本申请实施方式采用两级预热方式对输入气氛炉的气体进行加热，一级预热管道利用冷却段物料余热对进气气体进行初步加热，不仅起到预热作用，同时也可促使待出炉物料冷却，节约冷却段用气量，二级预热管道通过炉壁的热量加热经过初步加热的气体，可大大降低低温气体输入导致气氛炉截面温差过大的问题，不仅节能而且提高热量利用率。通过气氛炉内侧壁的侧面加热装置可以补偿侧面与外界热传递导致的热量损失，而且解决了因炉膛较高导 致侧面热量不足的情况，增加炉腔内部温度均一稳定。侧面进气口上设置有一进五出的六通通气机构，对比常规直接喷入式的进气口，可以使得进气气流分散，保障气氛稳定，可大大提高温度场均一性，还能够避免扬尘。综上，通过两级预热、侧面加热装置和侧面进气口上的通气机构可以保持多层多列气氛炉内部温度的均一性，提高产品质量，并且预热方式节能环保。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述二级预热管道包括二级预热总支管和多个与侧面进气口一一对应的二级预热分支管，所述二级预热总支管分别连接多个所述二级预热分支管的一端，所述二级预热分支管的另一端分别连接对应侧面进气口。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述二级预热总支管通过环形预热管连接所述二级预热分支管，所述环形预热管位于所述气氛炉的炉壁内。
根据本申请的一些实施例，还包括进气控制单元，所述进气控制单元包括控制器、侧面流量计和多个电磁阀，所述侧面流量计设置在所述二级预热总支管和所述二级预热分支管之间，多个所述电磁阀分别设置在二级预热分支管内，所述侧面流量计与所述控制器连接以用于反馈侧面进气流量，所述控制器分别连接多个所述电磁阀的控制端以用于实现持续进气和间接进气的切换。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述一级预热管道呈U型弯曲排布。
根据本申请的一些实施例，多个所述侧面进气口与气氛炉的每层匣钵一一对应，所述侧面进气口的高度与对应气氛炉匣钵的开口位置齐平。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述第一气道的内径大于所述第二气道和所述第三气道的内径。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述侧面加热装置采用U型加热棒。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述第一气道与所述气氛炉的水平方向平行，所述第二气道的两端朝向所述气氛炉的内顶部和内底部。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述辅助加热单元还包括顶部加热装置和底部加热装置，所述顶部加热装置安装在所述气氛炉的内顶部，所述底部加热装置安装在所述气氛炉的内底部。
本申请的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本申请的实践了解到。
附图说明
本申请的上述和/或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解。
图1为本申请实施例中改善温度均一性的烧结***的正面示意图；
图2为本申请实施例中改善温度均一性的烧结***的侧面示意图；
图3为本申请实施例中通气机构的结构示意图。
附图标号：气氛炉100、底部进气口110、预热段底部进气管111、预热段底部流量计112、侧面进气口120、第一气道121、第二气道122、第三气道123、一级预热管道210、二级预热管道220、二级预热总支管221、二级预热分支管222、环形预热管223、侧面加热装置310、顶部加热装置320、底部加热装置330、侧面流量计410、电磁阀420、进气管510、底部流量计520、冷却段进气口530、冷却段底部进气管540、排气***600。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本申请的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，仅用于解释本申请，而不能 理解为对本申请的限制。
在申请的描述中，需要理解的是，涉及到方位描述，例如上、下、前、后、左、右等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
在申请的描述中，若干的含义是一个或者多个，多个的含义是两个以上，大于、小于、超过等理解为不包括本数，以上、以下、以内等理解为包括本数。如果有描述到第一、第二只是用于区分技术特征为目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的先后关系。
本申请的描述中，除非另有明确的限定，设置、安装、连接等词语应做广义理解，所属技术领域技术人员可以结合技术方案的具体内容合理确定上述词语在本申请中的具体含义。
参考图1，一种改善温度均一性的烧结***，包括：多层多列的气氛炉100、预热单元和辅助加热单元。气氛炉100上均匀分布有多个底部进气口110和侧面进气口120，气氛炉100的顶端连接排气***600。预热单元采用两级预热结构，包括一级预热管道210和二级预热管道220，一级预热管道210连接进气管500输入常温的烧结气体，例如压缩空气/氧气，进气管510衔接三通接头，其中一端连接冷却段底部流量计520，然后通过多个冷却段进气口530打入窑炉冷区段C；另一端与一级预热管道210相连，一级预热管道210呈U型弯曲排布于窑炉冷却段C侧面。利用冷却段物料余热对进气气体进行加热，不仅起到预热作用，同时也可促使待出炉物料冷却，节约冷却段用气量。
一级预热管道210的另一端连接二级预热管道220开始第二级的预热，第二级预热的加热源是炉壁提供的热量，二级预热管道220包括二级预热总支管221、环形预热管223和多个与侧面进气口120一一对应的二级预热分支管222，环形预热管223位于气氛炉100的炉壁内，二级预热总支管221连接环形预热管223的一端，环形预热管223的另一端分别连接二级预热分支管222，环形预热管223靠近气氛炉100的炉壁。
只有侧面输入的烧结气体需要二级预热，因此第二级预热是经过第一级预热的气体再通过炉壁内的环形预热管223进一步加热，然后通过各个二级预热分支管222进入对应的侧面进气口120，第二级预热是通过炉壁的热量加热经过初步预热的气体，此时可大大降低低温气体输入导致窑炉截面温差过大的问题，不仅节能且提高热量利用率。
参考图3，区别常规的直接喷入式进气口，本申请在侧面进气口120上设置有通气机构，通气机构采用一进五出的八面六通体结构，内部设置有三条互相垂直且交叉的第一气道121、第二气道122和第三气道123，第一气道121的一端连接侧面进气口120作为进气端，第一气道121的另一端、第二气道122的两端和第三气道123的两端皆作为出气端位于气氛炉100内部，采用这种结构的通气机构可以使得进气气流分散，保障气氛稳定，同时这样可大大提高温度场均一性和避免扬尘。
参考图2，辅助加热单元多个侧面加热装置310，多个侧面加热装置310均匀分布在气氛炉100的内侧壁，侧面加热装置310采用U型加热棒，不仅补偿侧面与外界热传递导致的热量损失，而且解决了因炉膛较高导致侧面热量不足的情况，增加炉腔内部温度均一稳定。
参考图3，第一气道121与气氛炉100的水平方向平行，第二气道122的两端朝向气氛炉100的内顶部和内底部，因此五个出气端分别对准炉内的前、上、下、左、右这五个方向，第一气道121的内径大于第二气道122和第三气道123。使得进气气流分成五股，最大股气流向炉膛中部打气，其他四小股气流被分散到炉腔侧面，将侧面进气的气流分散成五股，主要被吹向炉膛中部，还有一部分别分散到侧面，带动侧面热量扩散，促使侧面与中部热量趋近，炉腔温度更加均匀，而且又可促进侧面废气可及时被带出，提高产品质量。
参考图1和图2，为了实现持续-间接进气的输气控制，还包括进气控制单元，进气控制单元包括控制器、侧面流量计410和多个电磁阀420，侧面流量计410和多个电磁阀420设置在二级预热总支管221和环形预热管223之间，侧面流量计410与控制器连接以用于反馈侧面进气流量，控制器分别连接多个电磁阀420的控制端，控制器采用PLC控制器，根据工艺要求，通过PLC程序控制电磁阀420的开关频率，实现直接持续进气或间接进气，需要持续进气的温区会一直持续进气，若不需要持续进气的温区，根据PLC程序设计成间接进气，可以减少侧面进气量，节约能源。
其中，一级预热管道210呈U型弯曲排布，U型弯曲排布的一级预热管道210可大大增加气体受热面积，提高一级预热效果。
多个侧面进气口120与气氛炉100每层匣钵一一对应，侧面进气口120上而下间隔排列并与对应匣钵高度一致，侧面进气与底部进气协同作用下，保障将中部匣钵物料反应产生废气废水可以及时排出，提高气体交换效率，促进物料正向反应的进行，提高烧结物料品质。
其中，辅助加热单元还包括顶部加热装置320和底部加热装置330，顶部加热装置320和底部加热装置330皆采用加热棒，顶部加热装置320安装在气氛炉100的内顶部，底部加热装置330安装在气氛炉100的内底部，当然，也可以采用自带顶部加热棒和底部加热棒的气氛炉。
本申请的工作过程为：
物料进行方向为从左至右进行完成烧结。若进行高温烧结，首先，烧结压缩空气/氧气从进气管510通入，再由进气管510分成两路，其中一路经过窑炉冷却段底部进气管540和多个冷却段进气口530进入窑炉冷却段C，通过排气***600带走热量，促进烧成物料降温，其中冷却段底部流量计520可以控制冷却段C的底部进气量大小。另一路经过一级预热管道210，U型弯曲排布的一级预热管道可大大增加气体受热面积，提高一级预热效果。在物料余热的作用下完成进气气体初步预热，经过一级预热的压缩空气/氧气通过二级预热总支管221再分成两路，一路进入环形预热管223和二级预热分支管222，其中环形预热管223一端上的侧面流量计410和电磁阀420可控制和监控侧面进气量，二级预热气体通过多个若干个侧面进气口120定量打入炉腔内部；另一路通过预热段底部流量计112和预热段底部进气管111，从若干个底部进气口110打入炉内。其中，二级预热管道220为陶瓷制作，可耐高温，在炉壁热量的作用下进一步加热气体，而环形设计可大大增加受热长度，实现进气气体的较高温度的二级预热。由于进入侧面的气体已经经过两级预热的作用，因此缓解了进气温度过低导致温度均一性变差带来对烧结的不利影响，大大提高窑炉温度均一性以及产品品质。
本实施例中，由于多层多列炉子炉膛高度较高，宽度较大，炉壁与外环境 的热交换严重，使得两边侧面热量较中间低，因此设计侧面辅助加热。侧面加热装置310为多个，分布在气氛炉侧面炉壁上，每个温区的炉壁均安装有U型加热棒和控温热电偶。具体工作时，通过电加热控制加热棒的功率输出和温度，可为炉腔两侧提供热量，解决了因炉膛较高导致侧面热量不足的情况，而且使得侧面与外界热传递导致的热量损失得到补偿，促进炉膛两侧温度与炉膛中部温度均一稳定。
本申请实施例中，多个侧面进气口120从上而下间隔排列并与匣钵高度一致，使得进入炉腔的气体，可穿过每层凹口匣钵上方，使得侧面进气与底部进气形成热量扩散涡流，使每层温度更加均匀，又可将物料反应产生的废气带出，同时补充新的气体，使得多层物料均能充分与气体接触，促进物料正向反应的进行，提高产品合格率。此外，侧面进气口120上安装有八面体六通结构的通气机构，将侧面进气的气流分散成五股，主要被吹向炉膛中部，还有一部分别分散到两侧面，带动侧面热量扩散，促使侧面与中部热量趋近，炉腔温度更加均匀，而且又可促进侧面废气可及时被带出，提高产品质量。
综上所述，本申请通过预热单元、辅助加热单元、八面体六通结构的通气机构和进气控制单元的协同作用下，可实现对多层多列窑炉温度均一性较好的控制，具体如下；
1、设计了两级预热***。进气气体的预热分两级进行，第一级初步利用冷却段物料余热对进气气体进行加热，不仅起到预热作用，同时也可促使待出炉物料冷却，节约冷却段用气量；第二级预热是通过炉壁的热量加热经过初步预热的气体，此时可大大降低低温气体输入导致窑炉截面温差过大的问题，不仅节能且提高热量利用率；
2、辅助加热单元中的侧面加热装置310，不仅补偿侧面与外界热传递导致的热量损失，而且解决了因炉膛较高导致侧面热量不足的情况，增加炉腔内部温度均一稳定；
3、侧面进气设置有持续进气和间歇进气模式。根据工艺要求，可设置直接持续进气或间接进气，持续进气和间歇进气通过电磁阀420的PLC程序控制，该***可以分散进气流速和气量并提高窑炉温度均一性；
4、侧面进气口120上皆设置八面体六通结构的通气机构，使侧面进气为非常规直接喷入式，使得进气气流分散，保障气氛稳定，同时这样可大大提高温度场均一性和避免扬尘。
5、多个侧面进气口120从上而下间隔排列，若干进气口的高度与每层匣钵高度基本一致，侧面进气与底部进气协同作用下，保障将中部匣钵物料反应产生废气废水可以及时排出，提高气体交换效率，促进物料正向反应的进行，提高烧结物料品质。
上面结合附图对本申请实施例作了详细说明，但是本申请不限于上述实施例，在所述技术领域普通技术人员所具备的知识范围内，还可以在不脱离本申请宗旨的前提下作出各种变化。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种改善温度均一性的烧结***，其中，包括：
    多层多列的气氛炉(100)，所述气氛炉(100)上均匀分布有多个底部进气口(110)和侧面进气口(120)，所述侧面进气口(120)上设置有通气机构，所述通气机构内设置有三条互相垂直且交叉的第一气道(121)、第二气道(122)和第三气道(123)，所述第一气道(121)的一端连接所述侧面进气口(120)，所述第一气道(121)的另一端、第二气道(122)的两端和第三气道(123)的两端皆位于所述气氛炉(100)内部；
    预热单元，所述预热单元包括一级预热管道(210)和二级预热管道(220)，所述一级预热管道(210)的一端用于输入烧结气体，所述一级预热管道(210)的另一端连接所述二级预热管道(220)的一端，所述二级预热管道(220)的另一端分别连接所述底部进气口(110)和所述侧面进气口(120)，所述一级预热管道(210)的加热源为冷却段物料余热，所述二级预热管道(220)的加热源为气氛炉(100)的炉壁热量；
    辅助加热单元，所述辅助加热单元包括多个侧面加热装置(310)，多个所述侧面加热装置(310)均匀分布在所述气氛炉(100)的内侧壁。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的改善温度均一性的烧结***，其中：所述二级预热管道(220)包括二级预热总支管(221)和多个与侧面进气口(120)一一对应的二级预热分支管(222)，所述二级预热总支管(221)分别连接多个所述二级预热分支管(222)的一端，所述二级预热分支管(222)的另一端分别连接对应侧面进气口(120)。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的改善温度均一性的烧结***，其中：所述二级预热总支管(221)通过环形预热管(223)连接所述二级预热分支管(222)，所述环形预热管(223)位于所述气氛炉(100)的炉壁内。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的改善温度均一性的烧结***，其中：所述烧结***还包括进气控制单元，所述进气控制单元包括控制器、侧面流量计(410)和多个电磁阀(420)，所述侧面流量计(410)设置在所述二级预热总支管(221)和所述二级预热分支管(222)之间，多个所述电磁阀(420)分别设置在二级预热分支管(222)内，所述侧面流量计(410)与所述控制器连接以用于反馈侧面进气流量，所述控制器分别连接多个所述电磁阀(420)的控制端以用于实现持续进气和间接进气的切换。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的改善温度均一性的烧结***，其中：所述一级预热管道(210)呈U型弯曲排布。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的改善温度均一性的烧结***，其中：多个所述侧面进气口(120)与气氛炉(100)的每层匣钵一一对应，所述侧面进气口(120)的高度与对应气氛炉(100)匣钵的开口位置齐平。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的改善温度均一性的烧结***，其中：所述第一气道(121)的内径大于所述第二气道(122)和所述第三气道(123)的内径。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的改善温度均一性的烧结***，其中：所述侧面加热装置(310)采用U型加热棒。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的改善温度均一性的烧结***，其中：所述第一气道(121)与所述气氛炉(100)的水平方向平行，所述第二气道(122)的两端朝向所述气氛炉(100)的内顶部和内底部。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的改善温度均一性的烧结***，其中：所述辅助加热单元还包括顶部加热装置(320)和底部加热装置(330)，所述顶部加热装置(320)安装在所述气氛炉(100)的内顶部，所述底部加热装置(330)安装在所述气氛炉(100)的内底部。
PCT/CN2022/135946 2022-02-22 2022-12-01 改善温度均一性的烧结*** WO2023160103A1 (zh)

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