WO2023138018A1 - Plaque d'électrode négative composite et son procédé de préparation et batterie secondaire au lithium-métal - Google Patents
Plaque d'électrode négative composite et son procédé de préparation et batterie secondaire au lithium-métal Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023138018A1 WO2023138018A1 PCT/CN2022/108258 CN2022108258W WO2023138018A1 WO 2023138018 A1 WO2023138018 A1 WO 2023138018A1 CN 2022108258 W CN2022108258 W CN 2022108258W WO 2023138018 A1 WO2023138018 A1 WO 2023138018A1
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- negative electrode
- lithium
- current collector
- electrode current
- electrode sheet
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
- H01M4/0404—Methods of deposition of the material by coating on electrode collectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1393—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the invention belongs to the technical field of lithium metal secondary batteries, and in particular relates to a composite negative electrode sheet, a preparation method thereof, and a lithium metal secondary battery.
- metal lithium is considered to be the ideal negative electrode material for the next generation of high energy density lithium batteries due to its ultra-high theoretical specific capacity (3860mAh/g) and extremely low potential (-3.04V, compared to standard hydrogen electrodes), known as the "holy grail" in electrodes.
- the high-nickel ternary system material matching the metal lithium negative electrode is considered to be the battery system that can break through the energy density of 500Wh/Kg the fastest.
- Lithium-sulfur batteries, lithium-oxygen batteries and other secondary batteries with metal lithium as the negative electrode are considered to be a new generation of high specific energy batteries with great potential.
- lithium dendrites can also greatly accelerate the consumption rate of the electrolyte and reversible lithium sources, and can also be converted into "dead lithium” that loses electrochemical activity and covers the surface of the negative electrode, hindering the transfer of lithium ions and shortening the battery cycle life.
- the SEI film also known as the solid-liquid phase interface film, is a film on the surface of lithium metal that isolates the continuous reaction between the electrolyte and lithium, and has the properties of a good ion conductor and an electronic insulator. Since the lithium metal anode is not constrained by the main structure, its volume expansion is almost infinite during the cycle. This large volume expansion often leads to the rupture of the SEI film during the battery cycle. Therefore, although the artificial SEI film can prolong the battery life to a certain extent, it still has the problem of repeated rupture and repair of the SEI film as the cycle progresses, and the growth of lithium dendrites in the later stage of the cycle is uncontrollable.
- One of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a composite negative electrode sheet for the deficiencies of the prior art, which can reduce the consumption of electrolyte and reversible active lithium, and improve the battery cycle life and battery safety performance.
- a composite negative electrode sheet comprising a negative electrode current collector and a coating layer coated on at least one surface of the negative electrode current collector, a plurality of graphite sheets are arranged in the coating layer, at least a part of the graphite sheets are arranged vertically to the negative electrode current collector, and the graphite sheets are separated from each other.
- SEI films grown in situ during battery cycling usually have poor mechanical properties and flexibility, and are prone to rupture due to factors such as volume expansion during long cycles, resulting in uncontrolled dendrite growth, short cycle life, and poor safety performance.
- a coating layer is provided on the surface of the negative electrode current collector, and there are graphite sheets arranged vertically and separated from each other in the coating layer.
- the graphite sheets arranged vertically to the current collector and parallel to each other can partially accommodate the 'dead lithium' and lithium dendrites generated by them during the subsequent cycle of the battery, and to a certain extent avoid safety accidents caused by internal short circuits caused by dendrites piercing through the separator.
- the negative electrode current collector is any one of copper foil (including perforated copper foil and non-perforated copper foil), nickel foil, stainless steel sheet, metallic lithium foil, and metallic lithium-based alloy foil.
- the negative electrode current collector can be a lithium metal current collector, or a non-lithium metal alloy based current collector.
- the negative electrode When a non-lithium-based current collector or a non-lithium metal alloy-based current collector is selected, the negative electrode initially does not contain lithium. At this time, the ratio of the acceptable theoretical capacity of the magnetic vertical graphite sheet coated on it to the theoretical capacity that can be exerted by the positive electrode material in the voltage range must be much smaller than 1, that is, the N/P ratio should be much smaller than 1. At this time, when the battery is charged, part of the lithium ions released from the positive electrode are embedded in the graphite negative electrode and exist in the form of LiC 6 and so on.
- the theoretical amount of lithium ions that the negative electrode can accept is far less than the theoretical amount that can be released by the positive electrode
- another part of the excess lithium ions that are not inlaid by the graphite material on the negative electrode side is partially deposited between the graphite sheets of the parallel vertical current collectors at the negative electrode until it is filled and overflows. After the overflow, the excess lithium continues to deposit on the top surface of the graphite sheet to form a lithium metal layer of a certain thickness. Due to the partial irreversibility of lithium ions after extraction, some of the lithium extracted from the positive electrode side cannot return to the positive electrode during discharge, and remain on the top of the graphite layer or in the gap between the graphite sheets.
- the lithium deposited on the top of the graphite is preferentially stripped, and then the lithium deposited in the gap between the graphite sheets is stripped.
- the 'dead lithium' and lithium dendrites will fall into the graphite gap and be buried by subsequent reversible active lithium, thereby reducing the effect of hindering lithium ion transmission, reducing electrolyte consumption, and improving battery cycle life and safety performance.
- the current collector used is a lithium-based current collector
- the negative electrode itself can provide a lithium source
- the theoretical capacity ratio between the negative electrode and the positive electrode should be greater than 1, that is, the N/P ratio mentioned in the patent should be greater than 1.
- the coated graphite sheet described in the patent can be understood as a cage structure, whose function is to trap the lithium coming out of the anode side to form lithium dendrites and 'dead lithium' in the subsequent cycle process, so as to reduce electrolyte consumption, improve cycle life and safety performance.
- the coating layer further includes a thickener and a binder, and the weight-to-number ratio of the graphite sheet, the thickener, and the binder is 94-98:1-3:1-3.
- a certain amount of graphite flakes, thickeners and binders are arranged so that the prepared coating slurry has a certain viscosity, which is convenient for coating and fixing of the coating slurry.
- the binder includes one or more of polytetrafluoroethylene, styrene-butadiene rubber, polyacrylate, polyimide, sodium polyacrylate, chitosan, polyvinylidene fluoride, and polyvinylidene fluoride.
- all graphite sheets are arranged vertically to the negative electrode current collector. All the graphite sheets are vertically arranged with the negative electrode current collector, which can increase the electrochemical performance of the composite negative electrode sheet.
- the thickener is sodium carboxymethylcellulose.
- the second object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a composite negative plate, which is easy to operate and can be mass-produced in view of the deficiencies in the prior art.
- a method for preparing a composite negative plate comprising the following steps:
- Step S1 mixing the graphite sheet modified by the magnetic substance with a binder and a thickener, adding a solvent, and stirring to prepare a coating slurry;
- Step S2 selecting the negative electrode current collector, installing a magnetic field emission device, coating the coating slurry on at least one surface of the negative electrode current collector, drying the coating slurry under the magnetic field emission device to form a coating layer, and obtaining a composite negative electrode sheet, wherein the magnetic field emission device is used to vertically arrange the graphite sheet modified by the magnetic substance in the coating slurry and the negative electrode current collector.
- micron-sized flakes suspended in a fluid and decorated with magnetic nanoparticles have two different orientation states. It is highly dependent on the magnetic field rotation frequency and the rheological properties of the fluid.
- the magnetic field rotation frequency is low enough, the magnetic substance-modified particles are controlled by the magnetic torque, and they rotate synchronously on the surface of the current collector along the direction of the rotating field.
- the rotation frequency is high enough, the determining step of the motion state of the magnetic substance is changed to the fluid viscosity, and at this time, the magnetic substance will be arranged parallel to the plane of the rotating magnetic field.
- the coating layer further includes a solvent
- the solvent is a water-based solvent or an oil-based solvent.
- the negative electrode slurry can be a water-based solvent.
- the water-based solvent includes and is not limited to water, methanol, and ethanol.
- the solvent used in the above-mentioned negative electrode slurry is an oil-based solvent.
- the oil-based solvent includes but is not limited to N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) etc.
- NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
- DMF N,N-dimethylformamide
- DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
- the third object of the present invention is to provide a lithium metal secondary battery with good electrochemical performance and safety performance in view of the deficiencies of the prior art.
- a lithium metal secondary battery comprising a positive electrode sheet, a separator, a negative electrode sheet, an electrolyte and a casing, the separator separates the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet, the casing is used to install the positive electrode sheet, the separator, the negative electrode sheet and the electrolyte, and the negative electrode sheet is the above-mentioned composite negative electrode sheet.
- the battery structure of the above-mentioned lithium metal secondary battery may be a laminated type, a wound type, or a hybrid type of both.
- the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer coated on at least one surface of the positive electrode current collector.
- the positive electrode active material layer includes one or more mixtures of lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel manganese oxide, lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide, lithium nickel cobalt aluminate, lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganate, lithium-rich manganese base, or lithium manganese iron phosphate.
- the isolation film is any one of polyethylene film, polypropylene film, polyethylene-polypropylene composite film, polyimide film and ceramic film.
- the beneficial effect of the present invention is: the negative electrode sheet of the present invention is provided with a coating layer on the surface of the negative electrode current collector, and there are graphite sheets arranged vertically and separated from each other in the coating layer.
- the graphite sheets arranged in parallel with each other in this vertical current collector can partially accommodate the 'dead lithium' and lithium dendrites produced by them during the subsequent cycle of the battery, and to a certain extent avoid safety accidents caused by internal short circuits caused by dendrites piercing through the diaphragm.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a negative electrode sheet in the prior art.
- Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the negative electrode sheet of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a graph comparing the capacity retention curves of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 of the present invention.
- Negative electrode current collector 1.
- Graphite sheet 3.
- Lithium ion 1.
- a method for preparing a composite negative plate comprising the following steps:
- Step S1 mixing the graphite sheet 2 modified by the magnetic substance with a binder and a thickener, adding a solvent, and stirring to prepare a coating slurry;
- Step S2 select the negative electrode current collector 1, install a magnetic field emission device, coat the coating slurry on at least one surface of the negative electrode current collector 1, dry the coating slurry under the magnetic field emission device to form a coating layer, and obtain a composite negative electrode sheet, wherein the magnetic field emission device is used to vertically arrange the graphite sheet 2 modified by the magnetic substance in the coating slurry with the negative electrode current collector 1.
- the prepared composite negative electrode sheet is shown in Figure 2.
- the negative electrode collector 1 placed horizontally is the negative electrode collector 1, and the graphite sheet 2 is arranged vertically and spaced apart from the negative electrode collector 1.
- the multiple graphite sheets 2 are separated from each other and form an upward-opening accommodation space with the negative electrode current collector 1, which can accommodate lithium ions 3.
- the formed accommodation space can be installed.
- the contact between the electrolyte and lithium dendrites can be reduced to a certain extent, and the consumption of the electrolyte can be reduced, thereby improving the safety performance and prolonging the cycle life of the battery.
- the ratio of graphite sheet 2, thickener, and binder in the coating layer is 95:2.5:2.5.
- the binder is polytetrafluoroethylene
- the thickener is sodium carboxymethyl cellulose
- the negative electrode current collector 1 is metal lithium foil
- the solvent is an oil-based solvent
- the oil-based solvent is N-methylpyrrolidone
- the isolation film is a polyethylene film.
- Example 2 The difference from Example 1 is that the ratio of graphite sheet 2, thickener, and binder in the coating layer is 98:2:2.
- Example 2 The difference from Example 1 is that the ratio of graphite sheet 2, thickener, and binder in the coating layer is 94:2:2.
- Example 1 The difference from Example 1 is that the ratio of graphite sheet 2, thickener, and binder in the coating layer is 95:1:1 by weight.
- Example 1 The difference from Example 1 is that the ratio of graphite sheet 2, thickener, and binder in the coating layer is 95:1:3 by weight.
- Example 1 The difference from Example 1 is that: the negative electrode current collector 1 is copper foil, the solvent is an aqueous solvent, and the solvent is water.
- the preparation square step of negative electrode sheet comprises the following steps:
- Step S1 mixing the graphite sheet 2 modified by the magnetic substance with a binder and a thickener, adding a solvent, and stirring to prepare a coating slurry;
- Step S2 selecting the negative electrode collector 1, coating the coating slurry on at least one surface of the negative electrode collector 1, drying to form a coating layer, and preparing the negative electrode sheet, as shown in FIG. 1 .
- Example 2 86
- Example 3 85
- Example 4 85
- Example 5 85
- Example 6 Comparative example 1 80 / /
Abstract
La présente invention concerne le domaine technique des batteries secondaires au lithium-métal, en particulier une plaque d'électrode négative composite et son procédé de préparation, et une batterie secondaire au lithium-métal. La plaque d'électrode négative composite comprend un collecteur de courant d'électrode négative et une couche de revêtement appliquée sur au moins une surface du collecteur de courant d'électrode négative ; une pluralité de feuilles de graphite sont disposées dans la couche de revêtement, au moins certaines des feuilles de graphite sont perpendiculaires au collecteur de courant d'électrode négative, et lesdites certaines des feuilles de graphite sont séparées les unes des autres. Selon la plaque d'électrode négative composite de la présente invention, la couche de revêtement est disposée sur la surface du collecteur de courant d'électrode négative, et des couches de feuille de graphite qui sont perpendiculaires au collecteur de courant et sont disposées en parallèle les unes par rapport aux autres sont disposées dans la couche de revêtement, de sorte que le « lithium mort » et les dendrites de lithium ainsi générées puissent être partiellement logées, et des accidents de sécurité provoqués par un court-circuit interne en raison du fait que les dendrites percent un séparateur puissent être évités. De plus, certaines des dendrites de lithium peuvent être déposées au fond de la couche de revêtement de graphite et sont enfouies sous du « lithium mort » ou du lithium actif et analogues générés par la suite, de sorte à réduire un contact entre les dendrites et un électrolyte, à réduire la consommation de l'électrolyte et à prolonger la durée de vie de la batterie.
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CN202210069391.7A CN114430023A (zh) | 2022-01-21 | 2022-01-21 | 一种复合负极片及其制备方法、锂金属二次电池 |
CN202210069391.7 | 2022-01-21 |
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CN114430023A (zh) * | 2022-01-21 | 2022-05-03 | 湖南立方新能源科技有限责任公司 | 一种复合负极片及其制备方法、锂金属二次电池 |
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CN114430023A (zh) * | 2022-01-21 | 2022-05-03 | 湖南立方新能源科技有限责任公司 | 一种复合负极片及其制备方法、锂金属二次电池 |
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- 2022-01-21 CN CN202210069391.7A patent/CN114430023A/zh active Pending
- 2022-07-27 WO PCT/CN2022/108258 patent/WO2023138018A1/fr unknown
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CN1434526A (zh) * | 2001-12-21 | 2003-08-06 | 三星Sdi株式会社 | 含石墨的组合物,用于锂二次电池的负极,以及锂二次电池 |
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